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Yan C, Feng B, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Yin K, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Li J, Zhao R, Zhao N, Zhou X, Chen S. Populus euphratica R2R3-MYB transcription factor RAX2 binds ANN1 promoter to increase cadmium enrichment in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci 2024; 344:112082. [PMID: 38583807 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The expression of R2R3-MYB transcription factor PeRAX2 increased transiently upon CdCl2 exposure (100 μM, 48 h) in leaves and roots of Populus euphratica. We observed that overexpression of PeRAX2 increased Cd2+ concentration in Arabidopsis root cells and Cd2+ amount in whole plant, which was due to the increased Cd2+ influx into root tips. However, the Cd2+ influx facilitated by PeRAX2 overexpression was substantially reduced by LaCl3 (an inhibitor of Ca2+-channels), suggesting that PeRAX2 could promote the Cd2+ entering through PM Ca2+-permeable channels (CaPCs) in the roots. It is noting that the expression of annexin1 (AtANN1), which mediates the influx of divalent cations through the PM calcium channels, was upregulated by Cd2+ in PeRAX2-transgenic Arabidopsis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the AtANN1 promoter (AtANN1-pro) contains four cis-elements for MYB binding. The PeRAX2 interaction with AtANN1-pro was validated by LUC reporter assay, EMSA, and Y1H assay. Our data showed that PeRAX2 binds to the AtANN1 promoter region to regulate gene transcription and that AtANN1 mediates the Cd2+ entry through CaPCs in the PM, leading to a Cd2+ enrichment in transgenic plants. The PeRAX2-stimulated Cd2+ enrichment consequently resulted in high H2O2 production in root cells of transgenic plants. The expression of AtSOD and AtPOD and activities of CAT, SOD, POD increased in the transgenic lines under Cd2+ stress. However, the Cd2+-upregulated expression and activity of antioxidative enzymes were less pronounced in the PeRAX2-overexpressed lines, compared to the wildtype and vector controls. As a result, root length and plant growth were more suppressed by Cd2+ in the transgenic lines. Our data suggest that transcriptional regulation of AtANN1 by PeRAX2 can be utilized to improve Cd2+ enrichment and phytoremediation, although the enriched Cd2+ affected antioxidant defense system and plant growth in the model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kexin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Liu J, Fan Y, Liu Y, He M, Sun Y, Zheng Q, Mi L, Liu J, Liu W, Tang N, Zhao X, Hu Z, Guo S, Yan D. APP1/NTL9-CalS8 module ensures proper phloem differentiation by stabilizing callose accumulation and symplastic communication. New Phytol 2024; 242:154-169. [PMID: 38375601 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Phloem sieve elements (PSE), the primary conduits collaborating with neighboring phloem pole pericycle (PPP) cells to facilitate unloading in Arabidopsis roots, undergo a series of developmental stages before achieving maturation and functionality. However, the mechanism that maintains the proper progression of these differentiation stages remains largely unknown. We identified a gain-of-function mutant altered phloem pole pericycle 1 Dominant (app1D), producing a truncated, nuclear-localized active form of NAC with Transmembrane Motif 1-like (NTL9). This mutation leads to ectopic expression of its downstream target CALLOSE SYNTHASE 8 (CalS8), thereby inducing callose accumulation, impeding SE differentiation, impairing phloem transport, and inhibiting root growth. The app1D phenotype could be reproduced by blocking the symplastic channels of cells within APP1 expression domain in wild-type (WT) roots. The WT APP1 is primarily membrane-tethered and dormant in the root meristem cells but entries into the nucleus in several cells in PPP near the unloading region, and this import is inhibited by blocking the symplastic intercellular transport in differentiating SE. Our results suggest a potential maintenance mechanism involving an APP1-CalS8 module, which induces CalS8 expression and modulates symplastic communication, and the proper activation of this module is crucial for the successful differentiation of SE in the Arabidopsis root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yongxiao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Meiqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yanke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lingyu Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Junzhong Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wencheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Ning Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Dawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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Liu Y, Song P, Yan M, Luo J, Wang Y, Fan F. Integrated Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Root Growth by Protein Disulfide Isomerase in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3596. [PMID: 38612408 PMCID: PMC11011405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI, EC 5.3.4.1) is a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that plays a crucial role in catalyzing the oxidation and rearrangement of disulfides in substrate proteins. In plants, PDI is primarily involved in regulating seed germination and development, facilitating the oxidative folding of storage proteins in the endosperm, and also contributing to the formation of pollen. However, the role of PDI in root growth has not been previously studied. This research investigated the impact of PDI gene deficiency in plants by using 16F16 [2-(2-Chloroacetyl)-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1-methyl-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester], a small-molecule inhibitor of PDI, to remove functional redundancy. The results showed that the growth of Arabidopsis roots was significantly inhibited when treated with 16F16. To further investigate the effects of 16F16 treatment, we conducted expression profiling of treated roots using RNA sequencing and a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics approach at both the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. Our analysis revealed 994 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the transcript level, which were predominantly enriched in pathways associated with "phenylpropane biosynthesis", "plant hormone signal transduction", "plant-pathogen interaction" and "starch and sucrose metabolism" pathways. Additionally, we identified 120 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at the protein level. These proteins were mainly enriched in pathways such as "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis", "photosynthesis", "biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites", and "biosynthesis of secondary metabolites" pathways. The comprehensive transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed a regulatory network for root shortening in Arabidopsis seedlings under 16F16 treatment, mainly involving phenylpropane biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. This study enhances our understanding of the significant role of PDIs in Arabidopsis root growth and provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms of root shortening following 16F16 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yingjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.L.); (P.S.); (M.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Fenggui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.L.); (P.S.); (M.Y.); (J.L.)
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Shiono K, Matsuura H. Exogenous abscisic acid induces the formation of a suberized barrier to radial oxygen loss in adventitious roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Ann Bot 2024:mcae010. [PMID: 38448365 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Internal root aeration is essential for root growth in waterlogged conditions. Aerenchyma provides a path for oxygen to diffuse to the roots. In most wetland species, including rice, a barrier to radial oxygen loss (ROL) allows more of the oxygen to diffuse to the root tip, enabling root growth into anoxic soil. Most dryland crops, including barley, do not form a root ROL barrier. We previously found that abscisic acid (ABA) signalling is involved in the induction of ROL barrier formation in rice during waterlogging. Although rice typically does not form a tight ROL barrier in roots in aerated conditions, an ROL barrier with suberized exodermis was induced by application of exogenous ABA. Therefore, we hypothesized that ABA application could also trigger root ROL barrier formation with hypodermal suberization in barley. METHODS Formation of an ROL barrier was examined in roots in different exogenous ABA concentrations and at different time points using cylindrical electrodes and Methylene Blue staining. Additionally, we evaluated root porosity and observed suberin and lignin modification. Suberin, lignin and Casparian strips in the cell walls were observed by histochemical staining. We also evaluated the permeability of the apoplast to a tracer. KEY RESULTS Application of ABA induced suberization and ROL barrier formation in the adventitious roots of barley. The hypodermis also formed lignin-containing Casparian strips and a barrier to the infiltration of an apoplastic tracer (periodic acid). However, ABA application did not affect root porosity. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that in artificial conditions, barley can induce the formation of ROL and apoplastic barriers in the outer part of roots if ABA is applied exogenously. The difference in ROL barrier inducibility between barley (an upland species) and rice (a wetland species) might be attributable to differences in ABA signalling in roots in response to waterlogging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Shiono
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
| | - Haruka Matsuura
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
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Mathur S, Bheemanahalli R, Jumaa SH, Kakar N, Reddy VR, Gao W, Reddy KR. Impact of ultraviolet-B radiation on early-season morpho-physiological traits of indica and japonica rice genotypes. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1369397. [PMID: 38495369 PMCID: PMC10941760 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1369397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation is considered one of the major detrimental rays coming from the Sun. UV-B radiation has a harmful impact on plant growth and development. The effect of UV-B radiation was studied on 64 rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes during the vegetative season. An equal number of genotypes from the japonica (50%) and indica (50%) subspecies were phenotyped using the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) units. The 10 kJ UV-B was imposed 12 days after planting (DAP) and continued for three weeks (21 d). Based on the combined ultraviolet-B radiation response index (CUVBRI) for each genotype, the 64 rice genotypes were classified into sensitive, moderately sensitive, moderately tolerant, and tolerant. Various shoot traits, such as plant height, tiller, and leaf numbers, were measured. We also studied critical root phenological traits like root volume, diameter, tips, and forks. Out of all the studied shoot traits, leaf area showed maximum reduction for both indica (54%) and japonica (48%). Among the root traits, root length decreased by negligible (1%) for indica as compared to japonica (5%), while root crossing and forks showed a maximum decline for japonica (37 and 42%), respectively. This study is timely, meaningful, and required because it will help breeders select a tolerant or sensitive rice line for better yield and production under abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Mathur
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Raju Bheemanahalli
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Salah Hameed Jumaa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Naqeebullah Kakar
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Vangimalla R. Reddy
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Wei Gao
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) UVB Monitoring and Research Program, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kambham Raja Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Starkville, MS, United States
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Wexler Y, Schroeder JI, Shkolnik D. Hydrotropism mechanisms and their interplay with gravitropism. Plant J 2024. [PMID: 38394056 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Plants partly optimize their water recruitment from the growth medium by directing root growth toward a moisture source, a phenomenon termed hydrotropism. The default mechanism of downward growth, termed gravitropism, often functions to counteract hydrotropism when the water-potential gradient deviates from the gravity vector. This review addresses the identity of the root sites in which hydrotropism-regulating factors function to attenuate gravitropism and the interplay between these various factors. In this context, the function of hormones, including auxin, abscisic acid, and cytokinins, as well as secondary messengers, calcium ions, and reactive oxygen species in the conflict between these two opposing tropisms is discussed. We have assembled the available data on the effects of various chemicals and genetic backgrounds on both gravitropism and hydrotropism, to provide an up-to-date perspective on the interactions that dictate the orientation of root tip growth. We specify the relevant open questions for future research. Broadening our understanding of root mechanisms of water recruitment holds great potential for providing advanced approaches and technologies that can improve crop plant performance under less-than-optimal conditions, in light of predicted frequent and prolonged drought periods due to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Wexler
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Doron Shkolnik
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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Thompson RM, Fox EM, Montero-Calasanz MDC. Draft genome sequence of Streptomyces poriferorum RTGN2, a bacterial endophyte isolated from Alnus glutinosa root nodules. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0048623. [PMID: 38132725 PMCID: PMC10868156 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00486-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein is reported the draft genome sequence of Streptomyces poriferum RTGN2, a bacterial isolate of Alnus glutinosa root nodules, collected from Saltwell Park, Gateshead, United Kingdom. The assembly is 9.5 Mbp in size, composed of 187 contigs, with a N50 of 189,630 bp, presenting a GC content of 71.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Michael Thompson
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Edward M. Fox
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maria del Carmen Montero-Calasanz
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- IFAPA Las Torres-Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training, Junta de Andalucía, Cra. Sevilla-Cazalla, Alcalá del Río, Seville, Spain
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He H, Tang C, Cao Z, Wang T, He M, Xiao M, Xiao L, Li Y, Li X. Revealing Medicinal Constituents of Bistorta vivipara Based on Non-Targeted Metabolomics and 16S rDNA Gene Sequencing Technology. Molecules 2024; 29:860. [PMID: 38398612 PMCID: PMC10892765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bistorta vivipara is a medicinal plant with a long history, but there are few studies on the effects of its medicinal components and endophytic bacteria on the accumulation of secondary metabolites. Therefore, in this study, non-targeted metabolomics techniques and 16s rDNA techniques were used to study B. vivipara from different regions. A total of 1290 metabolites and 437 differential metabolites were identified from all samples. Among them, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and benzopyrans are the main medicinal components of B. vivipara; these have potential anticancer, antiviral, and antioxidant properties, as well as potential applications for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. In addition, irigenin, an important medicinal component, was identified for the first time. The endophytic bacterial communities in the root tissues of B. vivipara from different regions were also different in composition and richness. Hierarchical clustering heat map analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota bacteria significantly affected the accumulation of many medicinal components in the roots of B. vivipara.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Chuyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Zhengfei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Mengjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Licheng Xiao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation in Yushu City, Yushu 815000, China;
| | - Yuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Xiuzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (H.H.); (C.T.); (Z.C.); (T.W.); (M.H.); (M.X.)
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Hassona Y, Hassan S, Atef A, Flaifl Y, AlShammas F, Abdaljaleel M. Primary hyperoxaluria: Description of a new oral finding and review of literature. Spec Care Dentist 2024. [PMID: 38321570 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oro-dental manifestations of hyperoxaluria and dental management of affected patients are rarely reported in the literature. We describe a new oral presentation of primary hyperoxaluria (PH) and review relevant literature about oro-dental manifestations and management of dental complications of hyperoxaluria. METHODS A case report of a 44-year-old female who presented with symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction due to hyperoxaluria was described according to the CARE guidelines. In addition, an extensive search of biomedical databases (PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Embase) for articles describing oro-dental manifestations and/or dental management in patients with hyperoxaluria was performed using the key words ("oral" and/or "hyperoxaluria" and/or "dental" and/or "oxalosis"). Included articles were reviewed and data about patient demographics, disease type and stage, oral and dental manifestations, and dental treatment outcome were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 14 articles describing the oral and dental manifestations in 15 patients with hyperoxaluria were included. Tooth mobility, root resorption, and radiographic alterations were consistently described in all cases. Oral manifestations were described mainly in PH at late stages, and only after the onset of chronic renal disease. Dental management in all reported cases was palliative and aimed to relive pain and treat periodontal infection. Tooth loss due to extraction or uncontrolled mobility was the ultimate outcome in almost all reported cases. CONCLUSION Oral and dental manifestations in hyperoxaluria are rarely reported in the literature. Management of tooth mobility and root resorption in hyperoxaluria is challenging and clinical guidelines and evidence-based recommendations are lacking. Early diagnosis and treatment of hyperoxaluria might be the only effective approach to prevent dental and periodontal complications of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Hassona
- Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Oral Diseases Studies (CODS), Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sora Hassan
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alaa Atef
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yara Flaifl
- School of Dentistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Faris AlShammas
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maram Abdaljaleel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Welle M, Niether W, Stöhr C. The underestimated role of plant root nitric oxide emission under low-oxygen stress. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1290700. [PMID: 38379951 PMCID: PMC10876902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1290700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The biotic release of nitric oxide (NO), a greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere contributes to climate change. In plants, NO plays a significant role in metabolic and signaling processes. However, little attention has been paid to the plant-borne portion of global NO emissions. Owing to the growing significance of global flooding events caused by climate change, the extent of plant NO emissions has been assessed under low-oxygen conditions for the roots of intact plants. Each examined plant species (tomato, tobacco, and barley) exhibited NO emissions in a highly oxygen-dependent manner. The transfer of data obtained under laboratory conditions to the global area of farmland was used to estimate possible plant NO contribution to greenhouse gas budgets. Plant-derived and stress-induced NO emissions were estimated to account for the equivalent of 1 to 9% of global annual NO emissions from agricultural land. Because several stressors induce NO formation in plants, the actual impact may be even higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Welle
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Tang C, Li H, Xia H, Fan S, Kong L. Bicarbonate-Dependent Detoxification by Mitigating Ammonium-Induced Hypoxic Stress in Triticum aestivum Root. Biology (Basel) 2024; 13:101. [PMID: 38392319 PMCID: PMC10886950 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) toxicity is ubiquitous in plants. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of this toxicity and bicarbonate (HCO3-)-dependent alleviation, wheat plants were hydroponically cultivated in half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution containing 7.5 mM NO3- (CK), 7.5 mM NH4+ (SA), or 7.5 mM NH4+ + 3 mM HCO3- (AC). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that compared to CK, SA treatment at 48 h significantly upregulated the expression of genes encoding fermentation enzymes (pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) and oxygen consumption enzymes (respiratory burst oxidase homologs, dioxygenases, and alternative oxidases), downregulated the expression of genes encoding oxygen transporters (PIP-type aquaporins, non-symbiotic hemoglobins), and those involved in energy metabolism, including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes and ATP synthases, but upregulated the glycolytic enzymes in the roots and downregulated the expression of genes involved in the cell cycle and elongation. The physiological assay showed that SA treatment significantly increased PDC, ADH, and LDH activity by 36.69%, 43.66%, and 61.60%, respectively; root ethanol concentration by 62.95%; and lactate efflux by 23.20%, and significantly decreased the concentrations of pyruvate and most TCA cycle intermediates, the complex V activity, ATP content, and ATP/ADP ratio. As a consequence, SA significantly inhibited root growth. AC treatment reversed the changes caused by SA and alleviated the inhibition of root growth. In conclusion, NH4+ treatment alone may cause hypoxic stress in the roots, inhibit energy generation, suppress cell division and elongation, and ultimately inhibit root growth, and adding HCO3- remarkably alleviates the NH4+-induced inhibitory effects on root growth largely by attenuating the hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yunxiu Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chengming Tang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Haiyong Xia
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shoujin Fan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Lingan Kong
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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12
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Seckeler MD. The Neo-Aortic Root After Arterial Switch Operation: Defining the New Normal. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:528-529. [PMID: 37939976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Seckeler
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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13
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Sengupta A, Carreon CK, Gauvreau K, Lee JM, Sanders SP, Colan SD, Del Nido PJ, Mayer JE, Nathan M. Growth of the Neo-Aortic Root and Prognosis of Transposition of the Great Arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:516-527. [PMID: 37939977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neo-aortic root dilatation can lead to significant late morbidity after the arterial switch operation (ASO) for dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA). OBJECTIVES We sought to examine the growth of the neo-aortic root in d-TGA. METHODS A single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent the ASO between July 1, 1981 and September 30, 2022 was performed. Morphology was categorized as dextro-transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum (d-TGA-IVS), dextro-transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect (d-TGA-VSD), and double-outlet right ventricle-transposition of the great arteries type (DORV-TGA). Echocardiographically determined diameters and derived z scores were measured at the annulus, sinus of Valsalva, and sinotubular junction immediately before the ASO and throughout follow-up. Trends in root dimensions over time were assessed using linear mixed-effects models. The association between intrinsic morphology and the composite of moderate-severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and neo-aortic valve or root intervention was evaluated with univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Of 1,359 patients who underwent the ASO, 593 (44%), 666 (49%), and 100 (7%) patients had d-TGA-IVS, d-TGA-VSD, and DORV-TGA, respectively. Each patient underwent a median of 5 echocardiograms (Q1-Q3: 3-10 echocardiograms) over a median follow-up of 8.6 years (range: 0.1-39.3 years). At 30 years, patients with DORV-TGA demonstrated greater annular (P < 0.001), sinus of Valsalva (P = 0.039), and sinotubular junction (P = 0.041) dilatation relative to patients with d-TGA-IVS. On multivariable analysis, intrinsic anatomy, older age at ASO, at least mild AR at baseline, and high-risk root dilatation were associated with moderate-severe AR and neo-aortic valve or root intervention at late follow-up (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal surveillance of the neo-aortic root is warranted long after the ASO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sengupta
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Chrystalle Katte Carreon
- The Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology, and Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberlee Gauvreau
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ji M Lee
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen P Sanders
- The Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology, and Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven D Colan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John E Mayer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meena Nathan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Huang Y, Yang Y, Xue J, Liao Y, Fu X, Zhu C, Li J, Zeng L, Yang Z. Biosynthetic Pathway and Bioactivity of Vanillin, a Highly Abundant Metabolite Distributed in the Root Cortex of Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis). J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:1660-1673. [PMID: 38193455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Volatiles are important for plant root stress resistance. The diseases in tea root are serious, causing major losses. The volatile composition in tea root and whether it can resist diseases remain unclear. In this study, the volatile composition in different tea tissues was revealed. The vanillin content was higher in the root (mainly in root cortex) than in aerial parts. The antifungal effects of vanillin on pathogenic fungi in tea root were equal to or greater than those of other metabolites. O-methyltransferase (CsOMT), a key enzyme in one of two biosynthetic pathways of vanillin, converted protocatechualdehyde to vanillin in vitro. Furthermore, its characteristics and kinetic parameters were studied. In Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts, the transiently expressed CsOMT was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. These findings have clarified the formation and bioactivities of volatiles in tea roots and provided a theoretical basis for understanding how tea plants resist root diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Protection and Utilization in South China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Protection and Utilization in South China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jinghua Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Protection and Utilization in South China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yinyin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Protection and Utilization in South China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiumin Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Protection and Utilization in South China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Protection and Utilization in South China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Tea Research Institute, No. 6 Dafeng Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Protection and Utilization in South China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Protection and Utilization in South China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510650, China
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Chen J, Zhang L, Liu Y, Shen X, Guo Y, Ma X, Zhang X, Li X, Cheng T, Wen H, Qiao L, Chang Z. RNA-Seq-Based WGCNA and Association Analysis Reveal the Key Regulatory Module and Genes Responding to Salt Stress in Wheat Roots. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:274. [PMID: 38256827 PMCID: PMC10818790 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinization is the main abiotic stressor faced by crops. An improved understanding of the transcriptional response to salt stress in roots, the organ directly exposed to a high salinity environment, can inform breeding strategies to enhance tolerance and increase crop yield. Here, RNA-sequencing was performed on the roots of salt-tolerant wheat breeding line CH7034 at 0, 1, 6, 24, and 48 h after NaCl treatment. Based on transcriptome data, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was constructed, and five gene co-expression modules were obtained, of which the blue module was correlated with the time course of salt stress at 1 and 48 h. Two GO terms containing 249 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to osmotic stress response and salt-stress response were enriched in the blue module. These DEGs were subsequently used for association analysis with a set of wheat germplasm resources, and the results showed that four genes, namely a Walls Are Thin 1-related gene (TaWAT), an aquaporin gene (TaAQP), a glutathione S-transfer gene (TaGST), and a zinc finger gene (TaZFP), were associated with the root salt-tolerance phenotype. Using the four candidate genes as hub genes, a co-expression network was constructed with another 20 DEGs with edge weights greater than 0.6. The network showed that TaWAT and TaAQP were mainly co-expressed with fifteen interacting DEGs 1 h after salt treatment, while TaGST and TaZFP were mainly co-expressed with five interacting DEGs 48 h after salt treatment. This study provides key modules and candidate genes for understanding the salt-stress response mechanism in wheat roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiating Chen
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China;
| | - Yingxi Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Xinyao Shen
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Yujing Guo
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Xiaofei Ma
- Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen 041000, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Xin Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Tianling Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Huiqin Wen
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Linyi Qiao
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Zhijian Chang
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Molecular Improvement, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (H.W.)
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16
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Porat A, Rivière M, Meroz Y. A quantitative model for spatio-temporal dynamics of root gravitropism. J Exp Bot 2024; 75:620-630. [PMID: 37869982 PMCID: PMC10773994 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant organs adapt their morphology according to environmental signals through growth-driven processes called tropisms. While much effort has been directed towards the development of mathematical models describing the tropic dynamics of aerial organs, these cannot provide a good description of roots due to intrinsic physiological differences. Here we present a mathematical model informed by gravitropic experiments on Arabidopsis thaliana roots, assuming a subapical growth profile and apical sensing. The model quantitatively recovers the full spatio-temporal dynamics observed in experiments. An analytical solution of the model enables us to evaluate the gravitropic and proprioceptive sensitivities of roots, while also allowing us to corroborate the requirement for proprioception in describing root dynamics. Lastly, we find that the dynamics are analogous to a damped harmonic oscillator, providing intuition regarding the source of the observed oscillatory behavior and the importance of proprioception for efficient gravitropic control. In all, the model provides not only a quantitative description of root tropic dynamics, but also a mathematical framework for the future investigation of roots in complex media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Porat
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Mathieu Rivière
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yasmine Meroz
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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17
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Wang CJ, Liu XF, Yang LM, Jia SX. [Response of soil microbial necromass carbon to litter and root carbon inputs in a mid-subtropical Castanopsis carlesii plantation]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2024; 35:177-185. [PMID: 38511454 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202401.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) is a crucial source for stable soil carbon pool, and understanding its response to carbon inputs from both aboveground (litter) and belowground (roots) in subtropical forest soils is essential for assessing soil carbon stocks in global ecosystems. In a Castanopsis carlesii plantation at the Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station in Fujian Province, we conducted an experiment with five treatments, including root removal (NR), aboveground litter removal (NL), no litter input (removals of both aboveground litter and roots, NI), double aboveground litter addition (DL), and control (CK). After seven years, we collected soil samples in the 0-10 cm soil layer to examine changes in MNC content and its contribution to soil organic carbon (SOC). Results showed that NR treatment reduced MNC, bacterial necromass carbon (BNC), and fungal necromass carbon (FNC) by 15.9%, 20.2%, and 14.5%, respectively, while other treatments did not induce significant changes. The NR, NL, NI, and DL treatments did not affect the contributions of BNC, FNC, and MNC to SOC. Correlation and path analyses revealed that litter and root carbon input treatments could alter the MNC content directly or indirectly through changing soil available substrates and microbial community structure. Our results suggested that roots exert a stronger influence on the maintenance of MNC than aboveground carbon source in the mid-subtropical plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Juan Wang
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Sanming 365000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Sanming 365000, Fujian, China
| | - Liu-Ming Yang
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Sanming 365000, Fujian, China
| | - Shu-Xian Jia
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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18
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Li Y, Chen Y, Jiang S, Dai H, Xu W, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Dodd IC, Yuan W. ABA is required for differential cell wall acidification associated with root hydrotropic bending in tomato. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:38-48. [PMID: 37705239 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrotropism is an important adaptation of plant roots to the uneven distribution of water, with current research mainly focused on Arabidopsis thaliana. To examine hydrotropism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) primary roots, we used RNA sequencing to determine gene expression of root tips (apical 5 mm) on dry and wet sides of hydrostimulated roots grown on agar plates. Hydrostimulation enhances cell division and expansion on the dry side compared with the wet side of the root tip. In hydrostimulated roots, the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis gene ABA4 was induced more on the dry than the wet side of root tips. The ABA biosynthesis inhibitor Fluridone and the ABA-deficient mutant notabilis (not) significantly decreased hydrotropic curvature. Wild-type, but not the ABA biosynthesis mutant not, root tips showed asymmetric H+ efflux, with greater efflux on the dry than on the wet side of root tips. Thus, ABA mediates asymmetric H+ efflux, allowing the root to bend towards the wet side to take up more water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yadi Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuqiu Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Dai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan Fuzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ian C Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Wei Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Jinshan Fuzhou, China
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19
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Yang D, Zhou W, Wang X, Zhao M, Zhang YJ, Tyree MT, Peng G. An analytical complete model of root pressure generation: Theoretical bases for studying hydraulics of bamboo. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:59-71. [PMID: 37807644 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the dynamics and functional roles of root pressure, we represent a novel and the first complete analytical model for root pressure, which can be applied to complex roots/shoots. The osmotic volume of a single root is equal to that of the vessel lumen in fine roots and adjacent apoplastic spaces. Water uptake occurs via passive osmosis and active solute uptake (J s * , osmol s-1 ), resulting in the osmolyte concentration Cr (mol·kg-1 of water) at a fixed osmotic volume. Solute loss occurs via two passive processes: radial diffusion of solute Km (Cr - Csoil ) from fine roots to soil, where Km is the diffusional constant and Csoil is the soil-solute concentration, and the mass flow of solute and water into the plant from the fine roots. The proposed model predicts the quadratic function of root pressure (Pr ),P r 2 + b P r + c = 0 , where b and c are the functions of plant hydraulic resistance, soil water potential, solute flux and gravitational potential. The model demonstrates the root pressure-mediated distribution of water through the hydraulic architecture of a 6.8-m-tall bamboo shoot. This model provides a theoretical basis to test the functional roles of root pressure in shaping the hydraulic architecture and refilling potential xylem embolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Melvin T Tyree
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoquan Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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Shahzad Z, Tournaire-Roux C, Canut M, Adamo M, Roeder J, Verdoucq L, Martinière A, Amtmann A, Santoni V, Grill E, Loudet O, Maurel C. Protein kinase SnRK2.4 is a key regulator of aquaporins and root hydraulics in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2024; 117:264-279. [PMID: 37844131 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil water uptake by roots is a key component of plant water homeostasis contributing to plant growth and survival under ever-changing environmental conditions. The water transport capacity of roots (root hydraulic conductivity; Lpr ) is mostly contributed by finely regulated Plasma membrane Intrinsic Protein (PIP) aquaporins. In this study, we used natural variation of Arabidopsis for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to Lpr . Using recombinant lines from a biparental cross (Cvi-0 x Col-0), we show that the gene encoding class 2 Sucrose-Non-Fermenting Protein kinase 2.4 (SnRK2.4) in Col-0 contributes to >30% of Lpr by enhancing aquaporin-dependent water transport. At variance with the inactive and possibly unstable Cvi-0 SnRK2.4 form, the Col-0 form interacts with and phosphorylates the prototypal PIP2;1 aquaporin at Ser121 and stimulates its water transport activity upon coexpression in Xenopus oocytes and yeast cells. Activation of PIP2;1 by Col-0 SnRK2.4 in yeast also requires its protein kinase activity and can be counteracted by clade A Protein Phosphatases 2C. SnRK2.4 shows all hallmarks to be part of core abscisic acid (ABA) signaling modules. Yet, long-term (>3 h) inhibition of Lpr by ABA possibly involves a SnRK2.4-independent inhibition of PIP2;1. SnRK2.4 also promotes stomatal aperture and ABA-induced inhibition of primary root growth. The study identifies a key component of Lpr and sheds new light on the functional overlap and specificity of SnRK2.4 with respect to other ABA-dependent or independent SnRK2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Shahzad
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Colette Tournaire-Roux
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Canut
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Mattia Adamo
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jan Roeder
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Lionel Verdoucq
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Martinière
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Amtmann
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Véronique Santoni
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Erwin Grill
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Olivier Loudet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Institute for Plant Sciences of Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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21
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Xu Z, Jiang L, Ren H, Han X. Opposing responses of temporal stability of aboveground and belowground net primary productivity to water and nitrogen enrichment in a temperate grassland. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17071. [PMID: 38273548 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Changes in water and nitrogen availability, as important elements of global environmental change, are known to affect the temporal stability of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). However, evidences for their effects on the temporal stability of belowground net primary productivity (BNPP), and whether such effects are consistent between belowground and aboveground, are rather scarce. Here, we investigated the responses of temporal stability of both ANPP and BNPP to water and nitrogen addition based on a 9-year manipulative experiment in a temperate grassland in northern China. The results showed that the temporal stability of ANPP increased with water addition but decreased with nitrogen addition. By contrast, the temporal stability of BNPP decreased with water addition but increased with nitrogen enrichment. The temporal stability of ANPP was mainly determined by the soil moisture and inorganic nitrogen, which modulated species asynchrony, as well as by the stability of dominant species. On the other hand, the temporal stability of BNPP was mainly driven by the soil moisture and inorganic nitrogen that modulated ANPP of grasses, and by the direct effect of soil water availability. Our study provides the first evidence on the opposite responses of aboveground and belowground grassland temporal stability to increased water and nitrogen availability, highlighting the importance of considering both aboveground and belowground components of ecosystems for a more comprehensive understanding of their dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Haiyan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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22
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Li K, Zhang Q, Liu H, Wang F, Li A, Ding T, Mu Q, Zhao H, Wang P. Arabidopsis NOTCHLESS plays an important role in root and embryo development. Plant Signal Behav 2023; 18:2245616. [PMID: 37573563 PMCID: PMC10424599 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2245616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a fundamental process in eukaryotic cells. NOTCHLESS (NLE) is involved in 60S ribosome biogenesis in yeast, but its role in Arabidopsis (A. thaliana) remains exclusive. Here, we found that Arabidopsis NLE (AtNLE) is highly conservative in phylogeny, which encoding a WD40-repeat protein. AtNLE is expressed in actively dividing tissues. AtNLE-GFP is localized in the nucleus. AtNLE physically interacts with the MIDAS domain of AtMDN1, a protein involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit in Arabidopsis. The underexpressing mutant nle-2 shows short roots and reduced cell number in the root meristem. In addition, the null mutant nle-1 is embryo lethal, and defective embryos are arrested at the early globular stage. This work suggests that AtNLE interacts with AtMDN1, and AtNLE functions in root and embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Qingtian Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Huiping Liu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Ao Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Tingting Ding
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Mu
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan, China
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23
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Goraya DS, Hoyer NK, Kelley J, Rao S, Nehring M, Van de Woude S, Rawlinson JE. Age of Dental Apical Closure in Domestic Cats. J Vet Dent 2023:8987564231220682. [PMID: 38115724 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231220682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Data on the age of apical closure in felines is limited. Moreover, differences in age of apical closure between male and female cats have not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the timing of apical closure in cats and determine if sex or position in the dental arch affected closure. In this retrospective descriptive study, intraoral radiographs were obtained at monthly or multiple-monthly intervals for 18 cats. Nine were intact females and 9 were neutered males, ranging from 6 to 9.4 months of age at the start of the study which ranged over an 8-month period. Radiographs were evaluated to establish age of apical closure for all canine teeth as well as the mandibular premolar and molar teeth. Mandibular canine tooth apices closed between 10 and 12 months of age and maxillary canine tooth apices closed between 12 and 14 months of age. The mesial and distal root apices of both the mandibular third and fourth premolar teeth closed between 8 and 9 months. The mandibular first molar tooth mesial and distal root apices closed between 8 and 8.5 months. Root apices of canine teeth closed earlier in female cats than in male cats with mandibular canine tooth root apices closing significantly earlier than maxillary canine tooth roots in both sexes. These findings suggest that there are notable differences in age of apical closure between male and female cats and discernible trends in timing of apical closure among teeth in the dental arcade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi K Hoyer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer Kelley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mary Nehring
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Susan Van de Woude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer E Rawlinson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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24
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Calamari ZT, Song A, Cohen E, Akter M, Roy RD, Hallikas O, Christensen MM, Li P, Marangoni P, Jernvall J, Klein OD. Conserved and derived expression patterns and positive selection on dental genes reveal complex evolutionary context of ever-growing rodent molars. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.18.572015. [PMID: 38187646 PMCID: PMC10769287 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Continuously growing teeth are an important innovation in mammalian evolution, yet genetic regulation of continuous growth by stem cells remains incompletely understood. Dental stem cells are lost at the onset of tooth root formation, but this loss of continuous crown growth is difficult to study in the mouse because regulatory signaling overlaps with signals that pattern tooth size and shape. Within the voles (Cricetidae, Rodentia, Glires), species have evolved both rooted and unrooted molars that have similar size and shape. We assembled a de novo genome of Myodes glareolus, a vole with high-crowned, rooted molars, and performed genomic and transcriptomic analyses in a broad phylogenetic context of Glires (rodents and lagomorphs) to assess differential selection and evolution in tooth forming genes. Results Our de novo genome recovered 91% of single-copy orthologs for Euarchontoglires and had a total length of 2.44 Gigabases, enabling genomic and transcriptomic analyses. We identified six dental genes undergoing positive selection across Glires and two genes undergoing positive selection in species with unrooted molars, Dspp and Aqp1. Transcriptomics analyses demonstrated conserved patterns of dental gene expression with species-specific variation likely related to developmental timing and morphological differences between mouse and vole molars. Conclusions Our results support ongoing dental gene evolution in rodents with unrooted molars. We identify candidate genes for further functional analyses, particularly Dspp, which plays an important role in mineralizing tissues. Our expression results support conservation of dental genes between voles and model species like mice, while revealing significant effects of overall tooth morphology on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T. Calamari
- Baruch College, City University of New York, One Bernard Baruch Way, New York, NY 10010, USA
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79 Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Andrew Song
- Baruch College, City University of New York, One Bernard Baruch Way, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Cornell University, 616 Thurston Ave, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Emily Cohen
- Baruch College, City University of New York, One Bernard Baruch Way, New York, NY 10010, USA
- New York University College of Dentistry, 345 E 34 St, New York, NY 10010
| | - Muspika Akter
- Baruch College, City University of New York, One Bernard Baruch Way, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Rishi Das Roy
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Hallikas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mona M. Christensen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pengyang Li
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children’s, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Suite 2416, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Pauline Marangoni
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children’s, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Suite 2416, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jukka Jernvall
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ophir D. Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children’s, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Suite 2416, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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25
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Audemar V, Guerringue Y, Frederick J, Vinet P, Melogno I, Babataheri A, Legué V, Thomine S, Frachisse JM. Straining the root on and off triggers local calcium signalling. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231462. [PMID: 38052247 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental function of an organ is the ability to perceive mechanical cues. Yet, how this is accomplished is not fully understood, particularly in plant roots. In plants, the majority of studies dealing with the effects of mechanical stress have investigated the aerial parts. However, in natural conditions roots are also subjected to mechanical cues, for example when the root encounters a hard obstacle during its growth or when the soil settles. To investigate root cellular responses to root compression, we developed a microfluidic system associated with a microvalve allowing the delivery of controlled and reproducible mechanical stimulations to the root. In this study, examining plants expressing the R-GECO1-mTurquoise calcium reporter, we addressed the root cell deformation and calcium increase induced by the mechanical stimulation. Lateral pressure applied on the root induced a moderate elastic deformation of root cortical cells and elicited a multicomponent calcium signal at the onset of the pressure pulse, followed by a second one at the release of the pressure. This indicates that straining rather than stressing of tissues is relevant to trigger the calcium signal. Although the intensity of the calcium response increases with the pressure applied, successive pressure stimuli led to a remarkable attenuation of the calcium signal. The calcium elevation was restricted to the tissue under pressure and did not propagate. Strain sensing, spatial restriction and habituation to repetitive stimulation represent the fundamental properties of root signalling in response to local mechanical stimulation. These data linking mechanical properties of root cells to calcium elevation contribute to elucidating the pathway allowing the root to adapt to the mechanical cues generated by the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassanti Audemar
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yannick Guerringue
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Joni Frederick
- Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique LadHyX, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Pauline Vinet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isaty Melogno
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Avin Babataheri
- Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique LadHyX, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Valérie Legué
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien Thomine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Marie Frachisse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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26
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Petrova A, Ageeva M, Kozlova L. Root growth of monocotyledons and dicotyledons is limited by different tissues. Plant J 2023; 116:1462-1476. [PMID: 37646760 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and morphogenesis are determined by the mechanical properties of its cell walls. Using atomic force microscopy, we have characterized the dynamics of cell wall elasticity in different tissues in developing roots of several plant species. The elongation growth zone of roots of all species studied was distinguished by a reduced modulus of elasticity of most cell walls compared to the meristem or late elongation zone. Within the individual developmental zones of roots, there were also significant differences in the elasticity of the cell walls of the different tissues, thus identifying the tissues that limit root growth in the different species. In cereals, this is mainly the inner cortex, whereas in dicotyledons this function is performed by the outer tissues-rhizodermis and cortex. These differences result in a different behaviour of the roots of these species during longitudinal dissection. Modelling of longitudinal root dissection using measured properties confirmed the difference shown. Thus, the morphogenesis of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous roots relies on different tissues as growth limiting, which should be taken into account when analyzing the localization of associated molecular events. At the same time, no matrix polysaccharide was found whose immunolabelling in type I or type II cell walls would predict their mechanical properties. However, assessment of the degree of anisotropy of cortical microtubules showed a striking correlation with the elasticity of the corresponding cell walls in all species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Petrova
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina Ageeva
- Microscopy Cabinet, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Liudmila Kozlova
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Growth Mechanisms, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, 420111, Kazan, Russia
- Mechanics and Civil Engineering Laboratory, University of Montpellier, 860 Rue de St - Priest, 34090, Montpellier, France
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27
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Wang Q, De Gernier H, Duan X, Xie Y, Geelen D, Hayashi KI, Xuan W, Geisler M, Ten Tusscher K, Beeckman T, Vanneste S. GH3-mediated auxin inactivation attenuates multiple stages of lateral root development. New Phytol 2023; 240:1900-1912. [PMID: 37743759 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Lateral root (LR) positioning and development rely on the dynamic interplay between auxin production, transport but also inactivation. Nonetheless, how the latter affects LR organogenesis remains largely uninvestigated. Here, we systematically analyze the impact of the major auxin inactivation pathway defined by GRETCHEN HAGEN3-type (GH3) auxin conjugating enzymes and DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION1 (DAO1) in all stages of LR development using reporters, genetics and inhibitors in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our data demonstrate that the gh3.1/2/3/4/5/6 hextuple (gh3hex) mutants display a higher LR density due to increased LR initiation and faster LR developmental progression, acting epistatically over dao1-1. Grafting and local inhibitor applications reveal that root and shoot GH3 activities control LR formation. The faster LR development in gh3hex is associated with GH3 expression domains in and around developing LRs. The increase in LR initiation is associated with accelerated auxin response oscillations coinciding with increases in apical meristem size and LR cap cell death rates. Our research reveals how GH3-mediated auxin inactivation attenuates LR development. Local GH3 expression in LR primordia attenuates development and emergence, whereas GH3 effects on pre-initiation stages are indirect, by modulating meristem activities that in turn coordinate root growth with LR spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hugues De Gernier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xingliang Duan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanming Xie
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Ken-Ishiro Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Wei Xuan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Markus Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Ten Tusscher
- Computational Developmental Biology Group, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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28
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Voegel TM, McGonigal P, Nelson LM, Úrbez-Torres JR. Health Status of Ready-to-Plant Grapevine Nursery Material in Canada Regarding Crown Gall and Description of the First Allorhizobium vitis Strain OP-G1 Isolated from British Columbia. Plant Dis 2023; 107:3666-3673. [PMID: 37436214 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-23-0901-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Crown gall disease of grapevines caused by Allorhizobium vitis causes significant damage to vineyards in cold-climate viticulture areas such as Canada and the northern United States. Introduction of the disease into vineyards occurs mainly through planting of infected but asymptomatic nursery material. Because A. vitis is not a regulated pest for import into Canada, no information on the health status of nursery material destined for import into Canada has previously been collected. This study evaluated the health status of ready-to-plant nursery material from domestic and international nurseries in regard to crown gall by determining the abundance of A. vitis in different plant sections via Droplet Digital PCR technology. In addition, different rootstocks from one nursery were compared. Results showed that A. vitis was present in planting material from all nurseries tested. The bacteria were nonuniformly distributed in dormant nursery material, and there was no difference in abundance between the rootstocks tested. In addition, the first A. vitis strain OP-G1 isolated from galls in British Columbia is described. Results showed that a minimum of 5,000 bacterial OP-G1 cells were needed for symptom expression, suggesting that the initiation of symptom development is not based on presence of bacteria in nursery material alone; a minimum threshold is needed, and environmental conditions need to be met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja M Voegel
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Portiaa McGonigal
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Louise M Nelson
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - José R Úrbez-Torres
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada
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Çelik S. Assessing Drought Tolerance in a Large Number of Upland Cotton Plants ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) under Different Irrigation Regimes at the Seedling Stage. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2067. [PMID: 37895448 PMCID: PMC10608038 DOI: 10.3390/life13102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cotton plant is important since it provides raw materials for various industry branches. Even though cotton is generally drought-tolerant, it is affected negatively by long-term drought stress. The trial was conducted according to the applied experimental design as a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications to determine a panel of 93 cotton genotypes' genotypic responses against drought under controlled conditions in 2022. All genotypes were watered with 80 mL-1 of water (100% irrigation, field capacity) until three true leaves appeared, and then water stress was applied at a limited irrigation of 75% (60 mL-1), 50% (40 mL-1), and 25% (20 mL-1) of the field capacity. After the trial terminated at 52 days, the cv. G56, G44, G5, and G86 in RL; G1, G56, G44, G86, G51, and G88 in RFW; advanced line G5, followed by the cv. G56, advanced line G44, G75, and the cv. G90 in RDW; G44, followed by G86, the cv. G56, and elite lines G13 and G5 in NLRs were observed as drought-tolerant genotypes, respectively, while G35, G15, G26, G67, and G56 in SL; G15, G52, G60, G31, and G68 in SFW; G35, G52, G57, G41, and G60 in SDW show the highest drought tolerance means, respectively. In conclusion, the commercial varieties with high means in roots, namely G86, G56, G88, and G90, and the genotypes G67, G20, G60, and G57 showing tolerance in shoots, are suggested to be potential parent plants for developing cotton varieties resistant to drought. Using the cultivars found tolerant in the current study as parents in a drought-tolerant variety development marker-assisted selection (MAS) plant breeding program will increase the chance of success in reaching the target after genetic diversity analyses are performed. On the other hand, it is highly recommended to continue the plant breeding program with the G44, G30, G19, G1, G5, G75, G35, G15, G52, G29, and G76 genotypes, which show high tolerance in both root and shoot systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadettin Çelik
- Department of Forestry, Genç Vocational School, University of Bingol, Bingol 12500, Turkey
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30
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Licaj I, Felice D, Germinario C, Zanotti C, Fiorillo A, Marra M, Rocco M. An artificial intelligence-integrated analysis of the effect of drought stress on root traits of "modern" and "ancient" wheat varieties. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1241281. [PMID: 37900753 PMCID: PMC10613089 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1241281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to drought stress, durum wheat production in the Mediterranean basin will be severely affected in the coming years. Durum wheat cultivation relies on a few genetically uniform "modern" varieties, more productive but less tolerant to stresses, and "traditional" varieties, still representing a source of genetic biodiversity for drought tolerance. Root architecture plasticity is crucial for plant adaptation to drought stress and the relationship linking root structures to drought is complex and still largely under-explored. In this study, we examined the effect of drought stress on the roots' characteristics of the "traditional" Saragolla cultivar and the "modern" Svevo. By means of "SmartRoot" software, we demonstrated that drought stress affected primary and lateral roots as well as root hair at different extents in Saragolla and Svevo cultivars. Indeed, we observed that under drought stress Saragolla possibly revamped its root architecture, by significantly increasing the length of lateral roots, and the length/density of root hairs compared to the Svevo cultivar. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis of root anatomical traits demonstrated that under drought stress a greater stele area and an increase of the xylem lumen size vessel occurred in Saragolla, indicating that the Saragolla variety had a more efficient adaptive response to osmotic stress than the Svevo. Furthermore, for the analysis of root structural data, Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms have been used: Their application allowed to predict from root structural traits modified by the osmotic stress the type of cultivar observed and to infer the relationship stress-cultivar type, thus demonstrating that root structural traits are clear and incontrovertible indicators of the higher tolerance to osmotic stress of the Saragolla cultivar. Finally, to obtain an integrated view of root morphogenesis, phytohormone levels were investigated. According to the phenotypic effects, under drought stress,a larger increase in IAA and ABA levels, as well as a more pronounced reduction in GA levels occurred in Saragolla as compared to Svevo. In conclusion, these results show that the root growth and hormonal profile of Saragolla are less affected by osmotic stress than those of Svevo, demonstrating the great potential of ancient varieties as reservoirs of genetic variability for improving crop responses to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilva Licaj
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Domenico Felice
- Department of Management Engineering, Polytechnic of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Germinario
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Anna Fiorillo
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Marra
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariapina Rocco
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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Gao H, Ge W, Bai L, Zhang T, Zhao L, Li J, Shen J, Xu N, Zhang H, Wang G, Lin X. Proteomic analysis of leaves and roots during drought stress and recovery in Setaria italica L. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1240164. [PMID: 37885665 PMCID: PMC10598781 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1240164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental factor that limits agricultural crop productivity and threatens food security. Foxtail millet is a model crop with excellent abiotic stress tolerance and is consequently an important subject for obtaining a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to drought and recovery. Here the physiological and proteomic responses of foxtail millet (cultivar Yugu1) leaves and roots to drought treatments and recovery were evaluated. Drought-treated foxtail millet exhibited increased relative electrolyte leakage and decreased relative water content and chlorophyll content compared to control and rewatering plants. A global analysis of protein profiles was evaluated for drought-treated and recovery treatment leaves and roots. We also identified differentially abundant proteins in drought and recovery groups, enabling comparisons between leaf and root tissue responses to the conditions. The principal component analysis suggested a clear distinction between leaf and root proteomes for the drought-treated and recovery treatment plants. Gene Ontology enrichment and co-expression analyses indicated that the biological responses of leaves differed from those in roots after drought and drought recovery. These results provide new insights and data resources to investigate the molecular basis of tissue-specific functional responses of foxtail millet during drought and recovery, thereby significantly informing crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Department of Life Science and Technology, College of Marine Resources and Environment, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals(Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weina Ge
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Lin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals(Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals(Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingshi Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Department of Life Science and Technology, College of Marine Resources and Environment, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Jiangjie Shen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Department of Life Science and Technology, College of Marine Resources and Environment, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Ningwei Xu
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Haoshan Zhang
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals(Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Genping Wang
- Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals(Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaohu Lin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Department of Life Science and Technology, College of Marine Resources and Environment, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
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32
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Wang X, Liu L, Wang J, Tong T, Wu Y. [Temporal-spatial variations of root and soil nutrient under continuous intercropping of alfalfa and oat]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:2683-2692. [PMID: 37897275 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202310.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated root and soil nutrient characteristics in the monoculture and continuous alfalfa/oat intercropping in the high-yield years by using soil filling and frame planting method in the field, and analyzed the relationship between root systems and soil nutrients. The results showed that intercropping reduced root weight and total root length proportion of oat in the 0-10 cm soil layer compared with the monoculture. However, intercropping significantly increased root weight and root surface area of oat in the 20-30 cm soil layer, root length and root density of alfalfa in the 10-20 cm soil layer, and the contents of available phosphorus and organic matter of the alfalfa/oat intercropping system in the 0-40 cm soil layer. As the planting years increased, total root length, root weight, root surface area, and proportion of root weight and root length of alfalfa in the 0-20 cm soil layer gradually increased in the intercropping system, and the root weight, total root length, root surface area, and root average diameter of oat increased, especially the root weight and root surface area of oat in the 20-30 cm soil layer. Moreover, the content of available nutrients in all soil layers decreased subsequently. In the alfalfa/oat intercropping system, continuous intercropping could significantly increase total root length of alfalfa in the 10-20 cm soil layer, improve root weight and root surface area of oat in the 20-40 cm soil layer (especially in the 20-30 cm soil layer). With the increases of planting years, intercropping intensified the absorption and competition of available nutrients by the roots of alfalfa and oat in the 0-40 cm soil layer, thereby reduced the accumulation of available nutrients in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Ecosystem, Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Enginee-ring Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-US Center for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Liu Liu
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Ecosystem, Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Enginee-ring Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-US Center for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Ecosystem, Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Enginee-ring Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-US Center for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tong Tong
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Ecosystem, Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Enginee-ring Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-US Center for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yong Wu
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Ecosystem, Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Enginee-ring Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-US Center for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China
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33
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Chen X, Chen H, Shen T, Luo Q, Xu M, Yang Z. The miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Modules of Pinus massoniana Lamb. in Response to Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14655. [PMID: 37834103 PMCID: PMC10572226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) is a major fast-growing woody tree species and pioneer species for afforestation in barren sites in southern China. However, the regulatory mechanism of gene expression in P. massoniana under drought remains unclear. To uncover candidate microRNAs, their expression profiles, and microRNA-mRNA interactions, small RNA-seq was used to investigate the transcriptome from seedling roots under drought and rewatering in P. massoniana. A total of 421 plant microRNAs were identified. Pairwise differential expression analysis between treatment and control groups unveiled 134, 156, and 96 differential expressed microRNAs at three stages. These constitute 248 unique microRNAs, which were subsequently categorized into six clusters based on their expression profiles. Degradome sequencing revealed that these 248 differentially expressed microRNAs targeted 2069 genes. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis suggested that these target genes were related to translational and posttranslational regulation, cell wall modification, and reactive oxygen species scavenging. miRNAs such as miR482, miR398, miR11571, miR396, miR166, miRN88, and miRN74, along with their target genes annotated as F-box/kelch-repeat protein, 60S ribosomal protein, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, luminal-binding protein, S-adenosylmethionine synthase, and Early Responsive to Dehydration Stress may play critical roles in drought response. This study provides insights into microRNA responsive to drought and rewatering in Masson pine and advances the understanding of drought tolerance mechanisms in Pinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Chen
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 682 Guangshan Road 1, Guangzhou 510520, China;
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China;
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration, Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China; (H.C.); (Q.L.)
| | - Hu Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration, Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China; (H.C.); (Q.L.)
| | - Tengfei Shen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Qunfeng Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration, Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China; (H.C.); (Q.L.)
| | - Meng Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Zhangqi Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration, Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China; (H.C.); (Q.L.)
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Seok HY, Lee SY, Sarker S, Bayzid M, Moon YH. Genome-Wide Analysis of Stress-Responsive Genes and Alternative Splice Variants in Arabidopsis Roots under Osmotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14580. [PMID: 37834024 PMCID: PMC10573044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant roots show distinct gene-expression profiles from those of shoots under abiotic stress conditions. In this study, we performed mRNA sequencing (mRNA-Seq) to analyze the transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis roots under osmotic stress conditions-high salinity (NaCl) and drought (mannitol). The roots demonstrated significantly distinct gene-expression changes from those of the aerial parts under both the NaCl and the mannitol treatment. We identified 68 closely connected transcription-factor genes involved in osmotic stress-signal transduction in roots. Well-known abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and/or ABA-independent osmotic stress-responsive genes were not considerably upregulated in the roots compared to those in the aerial parts, indicating that the osmotic stress response in the roots may be regulated by other uncharacterized stress pathways. Moreover, we identified 26 osmotic-stress-responsive genes with distinct expressions of alternative splice variants in the roots. The quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction further confirmed that alternative splice variants, such as those for ANNAT4, MAGL6, TRM19, and CAD9, were differentially expressed in the roots, suggesting that alternative splicing is an important regulatory mechanism in the osmotic stress response in roots. Altogether, our results suggest that tightly connected transcription-factor families, as well as alternative splicing and the resulting splice variants, are involved in the osmotic stress response in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Seok
- Korea Nanobiotechnology Center, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Korea Nanobiotechnology Center, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.S.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Swarnali Sarker
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Md Bayzid
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Yong-Hwan Moon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (S.S.); (M.B.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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35
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Chen X, Chen H, Xu H, Li M, Luo Q, Wang T, Yang Z, Gan S. Effects of drought and rehydration on root gene expression in seedlings of Pinus massoniana Lamb. Tree Physiol 2023; 43:1619-1640. [PMID: 37166353 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying plant response to drought involve the expression of numerous functional and regulatory genes. Transcriptome sequencing based on the second- and/or third-generation high-throughput sequencing platforms has proven to be powerful for investigating the transcriptional landscape under drought stress. However, the full-length transcriptomes related to drought responses in the important conifer genus Pinus L. remained to be delineated using the third-generation sequencing technology. With the objectives of identifying the candidate genes responsible for drought and/or rehydration and clarifying the expression profile of key genes involved in drought regulation, we combined the third- and second-generation sequencing techniques to perform transcriptome analysis on seedling roots under drought stress and rewatering in the drought-tolerant conifer Pinus massoniana Lamb. A sum of 294,114 unique full-length transcripts were produced with a mean length of 3217 bp and N50 estimate of 5075 bp, including 279,560 and 124,438 unique full-length transcripts being functionally annotated and Gene Ontology enriched, respectively. A total of 4076, 6295 and 18,093 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in three pair-wise comparisons of drought-treatment versus control transcriptomes, including 2703, 3576 and 8273 upregulated and 1373, 2719 and 9820 downregulated DEGs, respectively. Moreover, 157, 196 and 691 DEGs were identified as transcription factors in the three transcriptome comparisons and grouped into 26, 34 and 44 transcription factor families, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that a remarkable number of DEGs were enriched in soluble sugar-related and cell wall-related processes. A subset of 75, 68 and 97 DEGs were annotated to be associated with starch, sucrose and raffinose metabolism, respectively, while 32 and 70 DEGs were associated with suberin and lignin biosynthesis, respectively. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed modules and hub genes closely related to drought and rehydration. This study provides novel insights into root transcriptomic changes in response to drought dynamics in Masson pine and serves as a fundamental work for further molecular investigation on drought tolerance in conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 682 Guangshan Road 1, Guangzhou 510520, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration & Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration & Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Huilan Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration & Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 682 Guangshan Road 1, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Qunfeng Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration & Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration & Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Zhangqi Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of State Forestry Administration & Engineering Research Center of Masson Pine of Guangxi & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, 23 Yongwu Road, Nanning 530002, China
| | - Siming Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 682 Guangshan Road 1, Guangzhou 510520, China
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Abstract
The growth of a plant root relies on careful control of root surface pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Barbez
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Institute of Biology II, Division of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP), University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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37
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Abstract
Seed plants have evolved a complex root system consisting of at least three root types, i.e., adventitious roots, lateral roots, and the primary root. Auxin is the key hormone that controls the initiation of different root types. Here, we show that protein complexes with different combinations of intermediate-clade WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOXs (IC-WOXs) and class-A AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (A-ARFs) initiate the three root types in Arabidopsis thaliana. In adventitious root founder cells from detached leaves, the WOX11-ARF6/8 complex activates RGF1 INSENSITIVEs (RGIs) and LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 16 (LBD16) to initiate the adventitious root primordium. In lateral root founder cells, ARF7/19 activate RGIs and LBD16 without IC-WOX to initiate the lateral root primordium. In the primary root founder cell (i.e., hypophysis of an embryo), the WOX9-ARF5 complex initiates the primary root by activation of RGIs. Overall, the WOX-ARF modules show a division of labor to initiate different type of roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yachao Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gui Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuan Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Guo XN, Hao Y, Wu XL, Chen X, Liu CY. Exogenous Easily Extractable Glomalin-Related Soil Protein Stimulates Plant Growth by Regulating Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein Expression in Lemon. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2955. [PMID: 37631166 PMCID: PMC10458124 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have the function of promoting water absorption for the host plant, whereas the role of easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), an N-linked glycoprotein secreted by AMF hyphae and spores, is unexplored for citrus plants. In this study, the effects on plant growth performance, root system characteristics, and leaf water status, along with the changes of mineral element content and relative expressions of tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) genes in lemon (Citrus limon L.) seedlings, were investigated under varying strengths of exogenous EE-GRSP application under potted conditions. The results showed that 1/2, 3/4, and full-strength exogenous EE-GRSP significantly promoted plant growth performance, as well as increased the biomass and root system architecture traits including root surface area, volume, taproot length, and lateral root numbers of lemon seedlings. The four different strengths of exogenous GRSP displayed differential effects on mineral element content: notably increased the content of phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) in both leaves and roots, as well as magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) content in the roots, but dramatically decreased the content of calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn) in the roots, as well as Zn and Mn in the leaves. Exogenous EE-GRSP improved leaf water status, manifesting as decreases in leaf water potential, which was associated with the upregulated expressions of tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), including ClTIP1;1, ClTIP1;2, ClTIP1;3, ClTIP2;1, ClTIP2;2, ClTIP4;1, and ClTIP5;1 both in leaves and roots, and TIPs expressions exhibited diverse responses to EE-GRSP application. It was concluded that exogenous EE-GRSP exhibited differential responses on plant growth performance, which was related to its strength, and the effects were associated with nutrient concentration and root morphology, especially in the improvement in water status related to TIPs expressions. Therefore, EE-GRSP can be used as a biological promoter in plant cultivation, especially in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Niu Guo
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (X.-N.G.); (X.-L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Yong Hao
- College of Urban Construction, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China;
| | - Xiao-Long Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (X.-N.G.); (X.-L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (X.-N.G.); (X.-L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Chun-Yan Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; (X.-N.G.); (X.-L.W.); (X.C.)
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Berauer BJ, Akale A, Schweiger AH, Knott M, Diehl D, Wolf M, Sawers RJH, Ahmed MA. Differences in mucilage properties and stomatal sensitivity of locally adapted Zea mays in relation with precipitation seasonality and vapour pressure deficit regime of their native environment. Plant Direct 2023; 7:e519. [PMID: 37600238 PMCID: PMC10435965 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
With ongoing climate change and the increase in extreme weather events, especially droughts, the challenge of maintaining food security is becoming ever greater. Locally adapted landraces of crops represent a valuable source of adaptation to stressful environments. In the light of future droughts-both by altered soil water supply and increasing atmospheric water demand (vapor pressure deficit [VPD])-plants need to improve their water efficiency. To do so, plants can enhance their access to soil water by improving rhizosphere hydraulic conductivity via the exudation of mucilage. Furthermore, plants can reduce transpirational water loss via stomatal regulation. Although the role of mucilage and stomata regulation on plant water management have been extensively studied, little is known about a possible coordination between root mucilage properties and stomatal sensitivity as well as abiotic drivers shaping the development of drought resistant trait suits within landraces. Mucilage properties and stomatal sensitivity of eight Mexican landraces of Zea mays in contrast with one inbred line were first quantified under controlled conditions and second related to water demand and supply at their respective site of origin. Mucilage physical properties-namely, viscosity, contact angle, and surface tension-differed between the investigated maize varieties. We found strong influences of precipitation seasonality, thus plant water availability, on mucilage production (R 2 = .88, p < .01) and mucilage viscosity (R 2 = .93, p < .01). Further, stomatal sensitivity to increased atmospheric water demand was related to mucilage viscosity and contact angle, both of which are crucial in determining mucilage's water repellent, thus maladaptive, behavior upon soil drying. The identification of landraces with pre-adapted suitable trait sets with regard to drought resistance is of utmost importance, for example, trait combinations such as exhibited in one of the here investigated landraces. Our results suggest a strong environmental selective force of seasonality in plant water availability on mucilage properties as well as regulatory stomatal effects to avoid mucilage's maladaptive potential upon drying and likely delay critical levels of hydraulic dysfunction. By this, landraces from highly seasonal climates may exhibit beneficial mucilage and stomatal traits to prolong plant functioning under edaphic drought. These findings may help breeders to efficiently screen for local landraces with pre-adaptations to drought to ultimately increase crop yield resistance under future climatic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd J. Berauer
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Department of Plant EcologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Asegidew Akale
- Root‐Soil Interaction, TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Andreas H. Schweiger
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Department of Plant EcologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Mathilde Knott
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental and Soil ChemistryRPTU in LandauLandauGermany
| | - Dörte Diehl
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental and Soil ChemistryRPTU in LandauLandauGermany
| | - Marc‐Philip Wolf
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Group of Environmental and Soil ChemistryRPTU in LandauLandauGermany
| | - Ruairidh J. H. Sawers
- Department of Plant ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mutez A. Ahmed
- Root‐Soil Interaction, TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
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Nziengui H, Ditengou FA. Editorial: In tune with their environment: how plant roots cope with environmental signals. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1234996. [PMID: 37546269 PMCID: PMC10400308 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1234996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Nziengui
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Franck Anicet Ditengou
- Lighthouse Core Facility, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Bio Imaging Core Light Microscopy (BiMiC), Institute for Disease Modeling and Targeted Medicine (IMITATE), Medical Center University of Freiburg, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Ibrahim S, Ahmad N, Kuang L, Li K, Tian Z, Sadau SB, Tajo SM, Wang X, Wang H, Dun X. Transcriptome analysis reveals key regulatory genes for root growth related to potassium utilization efficiency in rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1194914. [PMID: 37546248 PMCID: PMC10400329 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1194914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA) is the primary predictor of nutrient intake and significantly influences potassium utilization efficiency (KUE). Uncertainty persists regarding the genetic factors governing root growth in rapeseed. The root transcriptome analysis reveals the genetic basis driving crop root growth. In this study, RNA-seq was used to profile the overall transcriptome in the root tissue of 20 Brassica napus accessions with high and low KUE. 71,437 genes in the roots displayed variable expression profiles between the two contrasting genotype groups. The 212 genes that had varied expression levels between the high and low KUE lines were found using a pairwise comparison approach. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional classification analysis revealed that the DEGs implicated in hormone and signaling pathways, as well as glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, were all differently regulated in the rapeseed root system. Additionally, we discovered 33 transcription factors (TFs) that control root development were differentially expressed. By combining differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) results, four candidate genes were identified as essential hub genes. These potential genes were located fewer than 100 kb from the peak SNPs of QTL clusters, and it was hypothesized that they regulated the formation of the root system. Three of the four hub genes' homologs-BnaC04G0560400ZS, BnaC04G0560400ZS, and BnaA03G0073500ZS-have been shown to control root development in earlier research. The information produced by our transcriptome profiling could be useful in revealing the molecular processes involved in the growth of rapeseed roots in response to KUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani Ibrahim
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, College of Natural and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lieqiong Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Keqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Salisu Bello Sadau
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), CAAS), Anyang, China
| | - Sani Muhammad Tajo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Institute of Cotton Research (ICR), CAAS), Anyang, China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoling Dun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Morad D, Bernstein N. Response of Medical Cannabis to Magnesium (Mg) Supply at the Vegetative Growth Phase. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2676. [PMID: 37514290 PMCID: PMC10386616 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated a significant impact of some major macronutrients on function and production of medical cannabis plants, yet information on the effect of most nutrients, including Mg, is scarce. Magnesium is required for major physiological functions and metabolic processes in plants, and in the present study we studied the effects of five Mg treatments (2, 20, 35, 70, and 140 mg L-1 Mg), on plant development and function, and distribution of minerals in drug-type (medical) cannabis plants, at the vegetative growth phase. The plants were cultivated in pots under controlled environment conditions. The results demonstrate that plant development is optimal under Mg supply of 35-70 mg L-1 (ppm), and impaired under lower Mg input of 2-20 mg L-1. Two mg L-1 Mg resulted in visual deficiency symptoms, shorter plants, reduced photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, photosynthetic pigments and stomatal conduction in young-mature leaves, and a 28% reduction of total plant biomass compared to the optimal supply of 35 mg L-1 Mg. The highest supply level of 140 mg L-1 Mg induced a small decrease in physiological function, which did not affect morphological development and biomass accumulation. The low-deficient Mg supply of 2 mg L-1 Mg stimulated Mg uptake and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mn, and Zn in the plant. Increased Mg supply impaired uptake of Ca and K and their root-to-shoot translocation, demonstrating competitive cation inhibition. Mg-deficiency symptoms developed first in old leaves (at 2 mg L-1 Mg) and progressed towards young-mature leaves, demonstrating ability for Mg in-planta storage and remobilization. Mg toxicity symptoms appeared in old leaves from the bottom of the plants, under 140 mg L-1 Mg. Taken together, the findings suggest 35-70 mg L-1 Mg as the optimal concentration range for cannabis plant development and function at the vegetative growth phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalit Morad
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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Serre NBC, Wernerová D, Vittal P, Dubey SM, Medvecká E, Jelínková A, Petrášek J, Grossmann G, Fendrych M. The AUX1-AFB1-CNGC14 module establishes a longitudinal root surface pH profile. eLife 2023; 12:e85193. [PMID: 37449525 PMCID: PMC10414970 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant roots navigate in the soil environment following the gravity vector. Cell divisions in the meristem and rapid cell growth in the elongation zone propel the root tips through the soil. Actively elongating cells acidify their apoplast to enable cell wall extension by the activity of plasma membrane AHA H+-ATPases. The phytohormone auxin, central regulator of gravitropic response and root development, inhibits root cell growth, likely by rising the pH of the apoplast. However, the role of auxin in the regulation of the apoplastic pH gradient along the root tip is unclear. Here, we show, by using an improved method for visualization and quantification of root surface pH, that the Arabidopsis thaliana root surface pH shows distinct acidic and alkaline zones, which are not primarily determined by the activity of AHA H+-ATPases. Instead, the distinct domain of alkaline pH in the root transition zone is controlled by a rapid auxin response module, consisting of the AUX1 auxin influx carrier, the AFB1 auxin co-receptor, and the CNCG14 calcium channel. We demonstrate that the rapid auxin response pathway is required for an efficient navigation of the root tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson BC Serre
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Daša Wernerová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Pruthvi Vittal
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Shiv Mani Dubey
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Eva Medvecká
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Adriana Jelínková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- CEPLAS - Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Matyáš Fendrych
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
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Liu YX, Wang CK, Shangguan HY, Zang MH, Liang YX, Quan XK. Provenance variation of root C, N, P, and K stoichiometric characteristics under different diameter classes of Larix gmelinii. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2023; 34:1797-1805. [PMID: 37694463 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202307.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
For exploring the difference of root stoichiometric characteristics among diameter classes and provenances, we examined the contents and stoichiometric ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in three diameter classes of roots (0-1, 1-2 and 2-5 mm, respectively) of 39-year-old Larix gmelinii grown in a common garden. The results showed that root element contents and their stoichiometric ratios had significant difference among three diameter classes of roots. C content, C:N, C:P, C:K were the lowest, and N, P, K contents, N:P, and N:K were the highest in 0-1 mm diameter class roots. Compared with the 1-2 and 2-5 mm diameter class roots, 0-1 mm diameter class roots had different seasonal dynamics, which might be caused by the fact that 0-1 mm diameter class roots are absorptive roots and the other diameter class roots are transport roots. There was no provenance difference in C content among all diameter class roots, while significant provenance differences were found in N, K contents, C:N, and C:K in 0-1 mm diameter class roots, and great provenance differences for in P content, C:P, N:P, and N:K in 0-1 and 1-2 mm diameter class roots. N content, K content, C:P, N:P, and N:K in 0-1 mm diameter class roots had positive correlation with the aridity index of seed-source sites, while the P content, C:N and C:K had negative correlations. The stoichiometric characteristics were related with the diameter (or function) of roots, and had significant provenance differences in 0-1 mm (absorptive root) and 1-2 mm diameter class roots, which might be attributed to their genotypic adaptation to the environment of seed-source sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiao Liu
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuan-Kuan Wang
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shangguan
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Miao-Han Zang
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yi-Xian Liang
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xian-Kui Quan
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Harbin 150040, China
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Rosell JA, Marcati CR, Olson ME, Lagunes X, Vergilio PCB, Jiménez-Vera C, Campo J. Inner bark vs sapwood is the main driver of nitrogen and phosphorus allocation in stems and roots across three tropical woody plant communities. New Phytol 2023. [PMID: 37381089 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient allocation is central to understanding plant ecological strategies and forest roles in biogeochemical cycles. Thought to be mainly driven by environmental conditions, nutrient allocation to woody organs, especially to living tissues, is poorly understood. To examine the role of differences in living tissues (sapwood, SW, vs inner bark, IB), organs, ecological strategies, and environmental conditions in driving nutrient allocation and scaling in woody plants, we quantified nitrogen and phosphorus in main stems and coarse roots of 45 species from three tropical ecosystems with contrasting precipitation, fire regime, and soil nutrients. Nutrient concentration variation was mostly explained by differences between IB and SW, followed by differences between species and, in the case of phosphorus, soil nutrient availability. IB nutrient concentrations were four times those of SW, with root tissues having slightly higher concentrations than stem tissues. Scaling between IB and SW, and between stems and roots, was generally isometric. In cross-sections, IB contributed half of total nutrients in roots and a third in stems. Our results highlight the important role of IB and SW for nutrient storage, the coordination in nutrient allocation across tissues and organs, and the need to differentiate between IB and SW to understand plant nutrient allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta A Rosell
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Carmen R Marcati
- Laboratório de Anatomia da Madeira, Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Solos e Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, 18603970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mark E Olson
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Xanath Lagunes
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Paula C B Vergilio
- Laboratório de Anatomia da Madeira, Departamento de Ciência Florestal, Solos e Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, 18603970, São Paulo, Brazil
- Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Paraná (UNESPAR), 83203-560, Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cipatli Jiménez-Vera
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Julio Campo
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
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Zhao Z, Wu S, Gao H, Tang W, Wu X, Zhang B. The BR signaling pathway regulates primary root development and drought stress response by suppressing the expression of PLT1 and PLT2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1187605. [PMID: 37441172 PMCID: PMC10333506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1187605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction With the warming global climate, drought stress has become an important abiotic stress factor limiting plant growth and crop yield. As the most rapidly drought-sensing organs of plants, roots undergo a series of changes to enhance their ability to absorb water, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. Results and methods In this study, we found that PLT1 and PLT2, two important transcription factors of root development in Arabidopsis thaliana, are involved in the plant response to drought and are inhibited by BR signaling. PLT1- and PLT2-overexpressing plants showed greater drought tolerance than wild-type plants. Furthermore, we found that BZR1 could bind to the promoter of PLT1 and inhibit its transcriptional activity in vitro and in vivo. PLT1 and PLT2 were regulated by BR signaling in root development and PLT2 could partially rescue the drought sensitivity of bes1-D. In addition, RNA-seq data analysis showed that BR-regulated root genes and PLT1/2 target genes were also regulated by drought; for example, CIPK3, RCI2A, PCaP1, PIP1;5, ERF61 were downregulated by drought and PLT1/2 but upregulated by BR treatment; AAP4, WRKY60, and AT5G19970 were downregulated by PLT1/2 but upregulated by drought and BR treatment; and RGL2 was upregulated by drought and PLT1/2 but downregulated by BR treatment. Discussion Our findings not only reveal the mechanism by which BR signaling coordinates root growth and drought tolerance by suppressing the expression of PLT1 and PLT2 but also elucidates the relationship between drought and root development. The current study thus provides an important theoretical basis for the improvement of crop yield under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Han Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuedan Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baowen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Zhang Z, Gangurde SS, Chen S, Mandlik RR, Liu H, Deshmukh R, Xu J, Wu Z, Hong Y, Li Y. Overexpression of peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) AhGRFi gene enhanced root growth inhibition under exogenous NAA treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1184058. [PMID: 37416889 PMCID: PMC10321354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1184058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 protein is a kind of evolutionary ubiquitous protein family highly conserved in eukaryotes. Initially, 14-3-3 proteins were reported in mammalian nervous tissues, but in the last decade, their role in various metabolic pathways in plants established the importance of 14-3-3 proteins. In the present study, a total of 22 14-3-3 genes, also called general regulatory factors (GRF), were identified in the peanut (Arachis hypogaea) genome, out of which 12 belonged to the ε group, whereas 10 of them belonged to the non- ε-group. Tissue-specific expression of identified 14-3-3 genes were studied using transcriptome analysis. The peanut AhGRFi gene was cloned and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. The investigation of subcellular localization indicated that AhGRFi is localized in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of the AhGRFi gene in transgenic Arabidopsis showed that under exogenous 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) treatment, root growth inhibition in transgenic plants was enhanced. Further analysis indicated that the expression of auxin-responsive genes IAA3, IAA7, IAA17, and SAUR-AC1 was upregulated and GH3.2 and GH3.3 were downregulated in transgenic plants, but the expression of GH3.2, GH3.3, and SAUR-AC1 showed opposite trends of change under NAA treatment. These results suggest that AhGRFi may be involved in auxin signaling during seedling root development. An in-depth study of the molecular mechanism of this process remains to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sunil S. Gangurde
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Songbin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rushil Ramesh Mandlik
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Jialing Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongkang Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Hong
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Valente J, Gerin F, Mini A, Richard R, Le Gouis J, Prigent-Combaret C, Moënne-Loccoz Y. Symbiotic Variations among Wheat Genotypes and Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci for Molecular Interaction with Auxin-Producing Azospirillum PGPR. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1615. [PMID: 37375117 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop varieties differ in their ability to interact with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), but the genetic basis for these differences is unknown. This issue was addressed with the PGPR Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245, using 187 wheat accessions. We screened the accessions based on the seedling colonization by the PGPR and the expression of the phenylpyruvate decarboxylase gene ppdC (for synthesis of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid), using gusA fusions. Then, the effects of the PGPR on the selected accessions stimulating Sp245 (or not) were compared in soil under stress. Finally, a genome-wide association approach was implemented to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with PGPR interaction. Overall, the ancient genotypes were more effective than the modern genotypes for Azospirillum root colonization and ppdC expression. In non-sterile soil, A. baldaniorum Sp245 improved wheat performance for three of the four PGPR-stimulating genotypes and none of the four non-PGPR-stimulating genotypes. The genome-wide association did not identify any region for root colonization but revealed 22 regions spread on 11 wheat chromosomes for ppdC expression and/or ppdC induction rate. This is the first QTL study focusing on molecular interaction with PGPR bacteria. The molecular markers identified provide the possibility to improve the capacity of modern wheat genotypes to interact with Sp245, as well as, potentially, other Azospirillum strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Valente
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florence Gerin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Agathe Mini
- GDEC, INRAE, UCA, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Claire Prigent-Combaret
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yvan Moënne-Loccoz
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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49
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Li M, Niu X, Li S, Fu S, Li Q, Xu M, Wang C, Wu S. CRISPR/Cas9 Based Cell-Type Specific Gene Knock-Out in Arabidopsis Roots. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2365. [PMID: 37375990 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 (hereafter Cas9)-mediated gene knockout is one of the most important tools for studying gene function. However, many genes in plants play distinct roles in different cell types. Engineering the currently used Cas9 system to achieve cell-type-specific knockout of functional genes is useful for addressing the cell-specific functions of genes. Here we employed the cell-specific promoters of the WUSCHEL RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5), CYCLIND6;1 (CYCD6;1), and ENDODERMIS7 (EN7) genes to drive the Cas9 element, allowing tissue-specific targeting of the genes of interest. We designed the reporters to verify the tissue-specific gene knockout in vivo. Our observation of the developmental phenotypes provides strong evidence for the involvement of SCARECROW (SCR) and GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE (GAI) in the development of quiescent center (QC) and endodermal cells. This system overcomes the limitations of traditional plant mutagenesis techniques, which often result in embryonic lethality or pleiotropic phenotypes. By allowing cell-type-specific manipulation, this system has great potential to help us better understand the spatiotemporal functions of genes during plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- College of Life Sciences and Horticultural Plant Biology Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xufang Niu
- College of Life Sciences and Horticultural Plant Biology Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Life Sciences and Horticultural Plant Biology Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shasha Fu
- College of Life Sciences and Horticultural Plant Biology Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qianfang Li
- College of Life Sciences and Horticultural Plant Biology Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meizhi Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Horticultural Plant Biology Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Horticultural Plant Biology Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Horticultural Plant Biology Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Favero BT, Salomonsen JK, Lütken H. Alternative Rooting Methods for Medicinal Cannabis Cultivation in Denmark-Preliminary Results. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12112216. [PMID: 37299195 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is typically propagated through micropropagation or vegetative cuttings, but the use of root-inducing hormones, such as indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), is not allowed for growing medicinal cannabis in Denmark. This study examined alternative rooting treatments, including Rhizobium rhizogenes inoculation, water-only as well as IBA treatments, in eight cannabis cultivars. PCR on root tissue suggested that 19% of R. rhizogenes-inoculated cuttings were transformed. These were derived from "Herijuana", "Wild Thailand", "Motherlode Kush", and "Bruce Banner", indicating a variation in cultivar susceptibility toward R. rhizogenes. A 100% rooting success was achieved regardless of cultivar and treatment, suggesting that alternative rooting agents are not required for efficient vegetative propagation. However, rooted cuttings differed in shoot morphology with improved shoot growth in cuttings treated with R. rhizogenes (195 ± 7 mm) or water (185 ± 7 mm) while inhibited shoot growth under IBA treatment (123 ± 6 mm). This could have advantageous economic implications should cuttings not treated with hormone reach maturity faster than those exposed to the hormone, thereby contributing to completing a full growing cycle more effectively. IBA exposure increased root length, root dry weight, and root/shoot dry weight ratio compared to cuttings treated with R. rhizogenes or water but simultaneously inhibited shoot growth compared to these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Trevenzoli Favero
- Crop Sciences Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kromann Salomonsen
- Crop Sciences Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lütken
- Crop Sciences Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Tåstrup, Denmark
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