1
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McDonald J, von Spakovsky MR, Reynolds WT. Predicting Ion Sequestration in Charged Polymers with the Steepest-Entropy-Ascent Quantum Thermodynamic Framework. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:458. [PMID: 38470788 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamic framework is used to investigate the effectiveness of multi-chain polyethyleneimine-methylenephosphonic acid in sequestering rare-earth ions (Eu3+) from aqueous solutions. The framework applies a thermodynamic equation of motion to a discrete energy eigenstructure to model the binding kinetics of europium ions to reactive sites of the polymer chains. The energy eigenstructure is generated using a non-Markovian Monte Carlo model that estimates energy level degeneracies. The equation of motion is used to determine the occupation probability of each energy level, describing the unique path through thermodynamic state space by which the polymer system sequesters rare-earth ions from solution. A second Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to relate the kinetic path in state space to physical descriptors associated with the polymer, including the radius of gyration, tortuosity, and Eu-neighbor distribution functions. These descriptors are used to visualize the evolution of the polymer during the sequestration process. The fraction of sequestered Eu3+ ions depends upon the total energy of the system, with lower energy resulting in greater sequestration. The kinetics of the overall sequestration are dependent on the steepest-entropy-ascent principle used by the equation of motion to generate a unique kinetic path from an initial non-equilibrium state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared McDonald
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | - William T Reynolds
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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2
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Betz A, Bischoff R, Petschenka G. Late-instar monarch caterpillars sabotage milkweed to acquire toxins, not to disarm plant defence. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232721. [PMID: 38378155 PMCID: PMC10878802 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sabotaging milkweed by monarch caterpillars (Danaus plexippus) is a famous textbook example of disarming plant defence. By severing leaf veins, monarchs are thought to prevent the flow of toxic latex to their feeding site. Here, we show that sabotaging by monarch caterpillars is not only an avoidance strategy. While young caterpillars appear to avoid latex, late-instar caterpillars actively ingest exuding latex, presumably to increase sequestration of cardenolides used for defence against predators. Comparisons with caterpillars of the related but non-sequestering common crow butterfly (Euploea core) revealed three lines of evidence supporting our hypothesis. First, monarch caterpillars sabotage inconsistently and therefore the behaviour is not obligatory to feed on milkweed, whereas sabotaging precedes each feeding event in Euploea caterpillars. Second, monarch caterpillars shift their behaviour from latex avoidance in younger to eager drinking in later stages, whereas Euploea caterpillars consistently avoid latex and spit it out during sabotaging. Third, monarchs reared on detached leaves without latex sequestered more cardenolides when caterpillars imbibed latex offered with a pipette. Thus, we conclude that monarch caterpillars have transformed the ancestral 'sabotage to avoid' strategy into a 'sabotage to consume' strategy, implying a novel behavioural adaptation to increase sequestration of cardenolides for defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Betz
- Department of Applied Entomology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert Bischoff
- Department of Applied Entomology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Georg Petschenka
- Department of Applied Entomology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- KomBioTa—Center for Biodiversity and Integrative Taxonomy, University of Hohenheim and State Museum of Natural History, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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3
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Amutova F, Turganova R, Konuspayeva G, Gaspard S, Mamirova A, Michaux F, Hartmeyer P, Soligot C, Djansugurova L, Jurjanz S, Delannoy M. The Effect of Granulometry of Carbonaceous Materials and Application Rates on the Availability of Soil-Bound Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Its Metabolites. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:267-284. [PMID: 38390996 PMCID: PMC10885036 DOI: 10.3390/jox14010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Biochars (BCs) and activated carbons (ACs) are well-known carbon-rich materials that are being increasingly studied in environmental sciences for water treatment applications to remediate pollutant sequestration in soil. This study aimed to assess the impact of Sargasso BC particle size and amendment rate on the environmental availability of DDT and DDT metabolites in two distinct Kazakh soils. These two soils were collected in the vicinity of storehouse facilities in Kyzylkairat and Beskainar that store banned pesticides. They presented very distinct concentration levels of DDT and DDT metabolites. Three different types of carbonaceous matrices were tested: Sargasso BC and two commercial ACs (ORBOTM and DARCO©). For the granulometry effect, Sargasso BC was ground, and two particle sizes were tested (<150 µm, >150 µm) and compared to an unground material. Four distinct application rates were tested (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2% (w/w)). After a three-month maturation period, environmental availability was assessed using an ISO/DIS 16751, part B-modified methodology. Interestingly, the best reductions in DDT environmental availability were obtained with the finest particle size (both ACs and Sargasso BC < 150 µm). More specifically, the effectiveness of the strategy seemed to depend on many factors. Firstly, a clear soil effect was demonstrated, suggesting that the more contaminated the soil, the more efficient this strategy may be. Secondly, the results showed that an increase in the amendment rate improves the immobilization of DDT and DDT metabolites. The sequestration material demonstrated different efficiency values (up to 58 ± 4% for Sargasso BC < 150 µm and 85 ± 4% for DARCO at a 2% application rate). Finally, a clear molecule effect was displayed, demonstrating the following immobilization order: p,p'-DDE > p,p'-DDD > p,p'-DDT > o,p'-DDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Amutova
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Antigen LLP, Scientific and Production Enterprise, Almaty 040905, Kazakhstan
| | - Ronagul Turganova
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Gaukhar Konuspayeva
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Antigen LLP, Scientific and Production Enterprise, Almaty 040905, Kazakhstan
| | - Sarra Gaspard
- Laboratoire COVACHIM-M2E, EA 3592, Université des Antilles, F-97110 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Aigerim Mamirova
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Claire Soligot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Stefan Jurjanz
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Najer A, Kim J, Saunders C, Che J, Baum J, Stevens MM. Enhanced Antimalarial and Anti sequestration Activity of Methoxybenzenesulfonate-Modified Biopolymers and Nanoparticles for Tackling Severe Malaria. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:732-745. [PMID: 38271991 PMCID: PMC10862538 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Severe malaria is a life-threatening condition that is associated with a high mortality. Severe Plasmodium falciparum infections are mediated primarily by high parasitemia and binding of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) to the blood vessel endothelial layer, a process known as sequestration. Here, we show that including the 5-amino-2-methoxybenzenesulfonate (AMBS) chemical modification in soluble biopolymers (polyglutamic acid and heparin) and poly(acrylic acid)-exposing nanoparticles serves as a universal tool to introduce a potent parasite invasion inhibitory function in these materials. Importantly, the modification did not add or eliminated (for heparin) undesired anticoagulation activity. The materials protected RBCs from invasion by various parasite strains, employing both major entry pathways. Two further P. falciparum strains, which either expose ligands for chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) or intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on iRBCs, were tested in antisequestration assays due to their relevance in placental and cerebral malaria, respectively. Antisequestration activity was found to be more efficacious with nanoparticles vs gold-standard soluble biopolymers (CSA and heparin) against both strains, when tested on receptor-coated dishes. The nanoparticles also efficiently inhibited and reversed the sequestration of iRBCs on endothelial cells. First, the materials described herein have the potential to reduce the parasite burden by acting at the key multiplication stage of reinvasion. Second, the antisequestration ability could help remove iRBCs from the blood vessel endothelium, which could otherwise cause vessel obstruction, which in turn can lead to multiple organ failure in severe malaria infections. This approach represents a further step toward creation of adjunctive therapies for this devastating condition to reduce morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Najer
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Junyoung Kim
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Catherine Saunders
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Junyi Che
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Jake Baum
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Department of Engineering Science,
and Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K.
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5
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Liu YJ, Wang JY, Zhang XL, Jiang LL, Hu HY. Ataxin-2 sequesters Raptor into aggregates and impairs cellular mTORC1 signaling. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38308810 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Ataxin-2 (Atx2) is a polyglutamine (polyQ) protein, in which abnormal expansion of the polyQ tract can trigger protein aggregation and consequently cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), but the mechanism underlying how Atx2 aggregation leads to proteinopathy remains elusive. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanism and cellular consequences of Atx2 aggregation by molecular cell biology approaches. We have revealed that either normal or polyQ-expanded Atx2 can sequester Raptor, a component of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), into aggregates based on their specific interaction. Further research indicates that the polyQ tract and the N-terminal region (residues 1-784) of Atx2 are responsible for the specific sequestration. Moreover, this sequestration leads to suppression of the mTORC1 activity as represented by down-regulation of phosphorylated P70S6K, which can be reversed by overexpression of Raptor. As mTORC1 is a key regulator of autophagy, Atx2 aggregation and sequestration also induces autophagy by upregulating LC3-II and reducing phosphorylated ULK1 levels. This study proposes that Atx2 sequesters Raptor into aggregates, thereby impairing cellular mTORC1 signaling and inducing autophagy, and will be beneficial for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of SCA2 and other polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei-Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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El Fadhlallah PM, Nugraha AP, Prasetio O, Mulyawan I. Extensive Sequestration Chronic Maxillary Osteomyelitis in an Uncontrolled Diabetic Patient: Comprehensive Case Management of a Rare Entity. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:401-407. [PMID: 37848069 PMCID: PMC10959603 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of osteomyelitis was progressive bone destruction and sequestrum formation. In the underlying disease, like diabetes mellitus, osteomyelitis becomes severe and exacerbates the condition. It was essential for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon to comprehend its complex medical and surgical management to achieve complete disease eradication. The aim of this article was to report a rare case and comprehensive management of extensive sequestrating maxillary osteomyelitis with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus patients. A 58-year-old male patient with pain and swelling accompanied by discharge of pus in the sinistra maxilla region. The systemic disease was identified as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and had a history of unhealing wounds 1 year ago after upper left molar extraction. Computed tomography scan result showed extensive sequester formation and bony destruction in the right extending to the left maxilla. Microbial culture results were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Morganella morganii. Subsequently, extensive sequestrectomy and multiple extractions of the involved jaw and teeth were performed after diabetes mellitus was regulated. A suspension suture against oral and nasal mucosa was performed to avoid dead space formation. Comprehensive perioperative management in maxillary osteomyelitis in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus includes sequestrectomy, definitive antibiotic therapy based on culture results, and diabetes regulation to improve the successful management of this case.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Pratama Nugraha
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Specialist Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Okky Prasetio
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr Mohamad Soewandhie General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Indra Mulyawan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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7
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Tadokoro Y, Hasegawa T, Takeda D, Murakami A, Yatagai N, Arimoro S, Iwata E, Saito I, Kusumoto J, Akashi M. Risk factors associated with prognosis of patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Head Neck 2024; 46:282-290. [PMID: 37962011 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe adverse effect of antiresorptive and/or antiangiogenic agents. As the treatment application for MRONJ is controversial, we aimed to identify the risk factors for poor prognosis and to help determine appropriate management. METHODS This study included 119 patients. Relevant clinical data were obtained for all the patients. In computed tomography images, osteosclerosis, osteolysis, cortical perforation (buccal or lingual), periosteal reaction, and sequestration were evaluated. RESULTS Multivariate analyses showed statistically significant associations between poor prognosis in patients with MRONJ and conservative treatment alone (hazard ratio [HR] 1.89), osteolysis (HR 4.67), and the absence of sequestration (HR 5.33). CONCLUSIONS Conservative treatment alone without clear objectives needs to be avoided, and osteolytic change could be the criteria for surgical intervention. As the boundary between the lesion and vital bone is indistinct, we recommend extensive surgery in cases with unpredictable sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tadokoro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Aki Murakami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nanae Yatagai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satomi Arimoro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Eiji Iwata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Izumi Saito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Junya Kusumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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8
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Li T, Han K, Feng G, Guo J, Wan Z, Yang X. Condensation of Soy Protein Peptides Contributes to Sequester Bile Acids and Mitigate LPS-Induced Inflammation. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:1266-1275. [PMID: 38109330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Soy protein is widely known to have serum triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol-lowering effects associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies highlighted that the extension region (ER) domain of soy 7S globulin (β-conglycinin) is a key component responsible for the serum TG-lowering effect via modulation of bile acid (BA) homeostasis. Here, we studied the sequestration of BAs by ER peptides during intestinal digestion in vitro and assessed the anti-inflammatory effects of ER peptides using Caco-2/HT29-MTX/RAW264.7 triple-cell cocultures as an intestine cell model. Results show that ER peptides, which share characteristics of intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), are capable of forming peptide condensates and exhibit the capability to sequester BA-containing colloidal structures during intestinal digestion in vitro. Moreover, BAs enhance the penetration of peptide condensates within the mucus layer, enabling ER peptides to mitigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced gut inflammation. These results provide a possible explanation for the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of BA homeostasis by soybean proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanghao Li
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kaining Han
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guangxin Feng
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhili Wan
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoquan Yang
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Wahart AJC, Dolan JP, Anderson SD, Cheallaigh AN, Staniland J, Lima MA, Skidmore MA, Miller GJ, Cosgrove SC. Harnessing a Biocatalyst to Bioremediate the Purification of Alkylglycosides. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300625. [PMID: 37830893 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
As the world moves towards net-zero carbon emissions, the development of sustainable chemical manufacturing processes is essential. Within manufacturing, purification by distillation is often used, however this process is energy intensive and methods that could obviate or reduce its use are desirable. Developed herein is an alternative, oxidative biocatalytic approach that enables purification of alkyl monoglucosides (essential bio-based surfactant components). Implementing an immobilised engineered alcohol oxidase, a long-chain alcohol by-product derived from alkyl monoglucoside synthesis (normally removed by distillation) is selectively oxidised to an aldehyde, conjugated to an amine resin and then removed by simple filtration. This affords recovery of the purified alkyl monoglucoside. The approach lays a blueprint for further development of sustainable alkylglycoside purification using biocatalysis and, importantly, for refining other important chemical feedstocks that currently rely on distillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J C Wahart
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jonathan P Dolan
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Simon D Anderson
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jessica Staniland
- Croda Europe Ltd., Croda Europe Ltd., Cowick Hall, Snaith, Goole, DN14 9AA, UK
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Mark A Skidmore
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Sebastian C Cosgrove
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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10
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Agrawal AA, Hastings AP, Duplais C. Testing the selective sequestration hypothesis: Monarch butterflies preferentially sequester plant defences that are less toxic to themselves while maintaining potency to others. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14340. [PMID: 38017619 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Herbivores that sequester toxins are thought to have cracked the code of plant defences. Nonetheless, coevolutionary theory predicts that plants should evolve toxic variants that also negatively impact specialists. We propose and test the selective sequestration hypothesis, that specialists preferentially sequester compounds that are less toxic to themselves while maintaining toxicity to enemies. Using chemically distinct plants, we show that monarch butterflies sequester only a subset of cardenolides from milkweed leaves that are less potent against their target enzyme (Na+ /K+ -ATPase) compared to several dominant cardenolides from leaves. However, sequestered compounds remain highly potent against sensitive Na+ /K+ -ATPases found in most predators. We confirmed this differential toxicity with mixtures of purified cardenolides from leaves and butterflies. The genetic basis of monarch adaptation to sequestered cardenolides was also confirmed with transgenic Drosophila that were CRISPR-edited with the monarch's Na+ /K+ -ATPase. Thus, the monarch's selective sequestration appears to reduce self-harm while maintaining protection from enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag A Agrawal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Amy P Hastings
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christophe Duplais
- Department of Entomology, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, USA
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11
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Lee JB, Kim JH, Min BG, Woo BH. Performance Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Cement Composites with a Granulation Technique. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:53. [PMID: 38203907 PMCID: PMC10779958 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The cement industry emits a significant amount of carbon dioxide (CO2). Therefore, the cement industry should recycle the emitted CO2. However, sequestration by carbonation in cement composites absorbs a very small amount of CO2. Therefore, a direct way of achieving this is to improve the absorption performance of CO2 in cement composites. In this study, to improve absorption, unlike in existing studies, a granulation technique was applied, and the material used was calcium hydroxide (CH). In addition, granulated CH was coated to prevent a reaction during the curing of cement paste. The coated CH granule (CCHG) was applied to 5% of the cement weight as an additive material, and the specimens were cured for 91 days to wait for the coating of CCHG to fully phase-change. The experiment of CO2 absorption showed an unexpected result, where the use of blast furnace slag (BFS) and fly ash (FA) had a negative effect on CO2 sequestration. This was because BFS and FA had a filler effect in the cement matrix, and the filler effect caused the blocking of the path of CO2. In addition, BFS and FA are well-known pozzolanic materials; the pozzolan reaction caused a reduction in the amount of CH because the pozzolan reaction consumed the CH to produce a calcium silicate hydrate. Therefore, the pozzolan reaction also had a negative effect on the CO2 sequestration performance combined with the filler effect. The CO2 sequestration efficiency was decreased between ordinary cement paste and BFS-applied specimens by 45.45%. In addition, compared to cases of ordinary cement paste and FA-applied specimens, the CO2 sequestration performance was decreased by 63.64%. Comprehensively, CO2 sequestration performance depends on the porosity and amount of CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Bae Lee
- Department of Civil Engineering, Daejin University, 1007 Hoguk-ro, Pocheon-si 11159, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Hyeong Kim
- Geomarble-Labs, 6-26, Jeonggeum-ro 162beon-gil, Gasan-myeon, Pocheon-si 11167, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byeong-Gi Min
- Department of Civil Engineering, Daejin University, 1007 Hoguk-ro, Pocheon-si 11159, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byeong-Hun Woo
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Hanyang University, Jaesung Civil Engineering Building, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong Gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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12
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Ramesh V, Krishnan J. A unified approach to dissecting biphasic responses in cell signaling. eLife 2023; 13:e86520. [PMID: 38054655 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biphasic responses are encountered at all levels in biological systems. At the cellular level, biphasic dose-responses are widely encountered in cell signaling and post-translational modification systems and represent safeguards against overactivation or overexpression of species. In this paper, we provide a unified theoretical synthesis of biphasic responses in cell signaling systems, by assessing signaling systems ranging from basic biochemical building blocks to canonical network structures to well-characterized exemplars on one hand, and examining different types of doses on the other. By using analytical and computational approaches applied to a range of systems across levels (described by broadly employed models), we reveal (i) design principles enabling the presence of biphasic responses, including in almost all instances, an explicit characterization of the parameter space (ii) structural factors which preclude the possibility of biphasic responses (iii) different combinations of the presence or absence of enzyme-biphasic and substrate-biphasic responses, representing safeguards against overactivation and overexpression, respectively (iv) the possibility of broadly robust biphasic responses (v) the complete alteration of signaling behavior in a network due to biphasic interactions between species (biphasic regulation) (vi) the propensity of different co-existing biphasic responses in the Erk signaling network. These results both individually and in totality have a number of important consequences for systems and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidhiswaran Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Mason VG, Burden A, Epstein G, Jupe LL, Wood KA, Skov MW. Blue carbon benefits from global saltmarsh restoration. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:6517-6545. [PMID: 37746862 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Coastal saltmarshes are found globally, yet are 25%-50% reduced compared with their historical cover. Restoration is incentivised by the promise that marshes are efficient storers of 'blue' carbon, although the claim lacks substantiation across global contexts. We synthesised data from 431 studies to quantify the benefits of saltmarsh restoration to carbon accumulation and greenhouse gas uptake. The results showed global marshes store approximately 1.41-2.44 Pg carbon. Restored marshes had very low greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and rapid carbon accumulation, resulting in a mean net accumulation rate of 64.70 t CO2 e ha-1 year-1 . Using this estimate and potential restoration rates, we find saltmarsh regeneration could result in 12.93-207.03 Mt CO2 e accumulation per year, offsetting the equivalent of up to 0.51% global energy-related CO2 emissions-a substantial amount, considering marshes represent <1% of Earth's surface. Carbon accumulation rates and GHG fluxes varied contextually with temperature, rainfall and dominant vegetation, with the eastern coasts of the USA and Australia particular hotspots for carbon storage. While the study reveals paucity of data for some variables and continents, suggesting need for further research, the potential for saltmarsh restoration to offset carbon emissions is clear. The ability to facilitate natural carbon accumulation by saltmarshes now rests principally on the action of the management-policy community and on financial opportunities for supporting restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Mason
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and Utrecht University, Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annette Burden
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, UK
| | - Graham Epstein
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lucy L Jupe
- Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge Wetland Centre, Slimbridge, UK
| | - Kevin A Wood
- Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge Wetland Centre, Slimbridge, UK
| | - Martin W Skov
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK
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14
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Walker IS, Rogerson SJ. Pathogenicity and virulence of malaria: Sticky problems and tricky solutions. Virulence 2023; 14:2150456. [PMID: 36419237 PMCID: PMC9815252 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2150456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cause over 600,000 deaths each year, concentrated in Africa and in young children, but much of the world's population remain at risk of infection. In this article, we review the latest developments in the immunogenicity and pathogenesis of malaria, with a particular focus on P. falciparum, the leading malaria killer. Pathogenic factors include parasite-derived toxins and variant surface antigens on infected erythrocytes that mediate sequestration in the deep vasculature. Host response to parasite toxins and to variant antigens is an important determinant of disease severity. Understanding how parasites sequester, and how antibody to variant antigens could prevent sequestration, may lead to new approaches to treat and prevent disease. Difficulties in malaria diagnosis, drug resistance, and specific challenges of treating P. vivax pose challenges to malaria elimination, but vaccines and other preventive strategies may offer improved disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel S Walker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Baughan N, Whitney HM, Drukker K, Sahiner B, Hu T, Kim GH, McNitt-Gray M, Myers KJ, Giger ML. Sequestration of imaging studies in MIDRC: stratified sampling to balance demographic characteristics of patients in a multi-institutional data commons. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2023; 10:064501. [PMID: 38074627 PMCID: PMC10704184 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.10.6.064501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The Medical Imaging and Data Resource Center (MIDRC) is a multi-institutional effort to accelerate medical imaging machine intelligence research and create a publicly available image repository/commons as well as a sequestered commons for performance evaluation and benchmarking of algorithms. After de-identification, approximately 80% of the medical images and associated metadata become part of the open commons and 20% are sequestered from the open commons. To ensure that both commons are representative of the population available, we introduced a stratified sampling method to balance the demographic characteristics across the two datasets. Approach Our method uses multi-dimensional stratified sampling where several demographic variables of interest are sequentially used to separate the data into individual strata, each representing a unique combination of variables. Within each resulting stratum, patients are assigned to the open or sequestered commons. This algorithm was used on an example dataset containing 5000 patients using the variables of race, age, sex at birth, ethnicity, COVID-19 status, and image modality and compared resulting demographic distributions to naïve random sampling of the dataset over 2000 independent trials. Results Resulting prevalence of each demographic variable matched the prevalence from the input dataset within one standard deviation. Mann-Whitney U test results supported the hypothesis that sequestration by stratified sampling provided more balanced subsets than naïve randomization, except for demographic subcategories with very low prevalence. Conclusions The developed multi-dimensional stratified sampling algorithm can partition a large dataset while maintaining balance across several variables, superior to the balance achieved from naïve randomization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Baughan
- University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Heather M. Whitney
- University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Karen Drukker
- University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Berkman Sahiner
- US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Tingting Hu
- US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Grace Hyun Kim
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Michael McNitt-Gray
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | | | - Maryellen L. Giger
- University of Chicago, Department of Radiology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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16
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Appell M, Wegener EC, Sharma BK, Eller FJ, Evans KO, Compton DL. In Vitro Evaluation of the Adsorption Efficacy of Biochar Materials on Aflatoxin B 1, Ochratoxin A, and Zearalenone. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3311. [PMID: 37958067 PMCID: PMC10649945 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin sequestration materials are important tools to reduce mycotoxin illness and enable proper handling of mycotoxin-contaminated commodities. Three food-grade bentonite clays and four generally recognized as safe (GRAS) charcoal/biochar carbon materials that are marketed as feed additives and supplements were evaluated for their ability to sequester the mycotoxins aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone. The surface area of the clays varied between 32.1 to 51.4 mg2/g, and the surface area of the carbon-based materials varied from 1.7 to 1735 mg2/g. In vitro, gastric fluid studies indicated that certain pine biochar and activated coconut charcoal could sequester high amounts (85+%) of the mycotoxins at 1 ppm levels or below. However, some biochar materials with lower surface area properties lacked binding capacity. The coconut shell charcoal and pine biochar utilize agricultural waste products in a manner that significantly reduces carbon emissions and provides valuable materials to minimize exposure to toxins found in food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Appell
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Evan C. Wegener
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Renewable Product Technology Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA; (E.C.W.); (K.O.E.); (D.L.C.)
| | - Brajendra K. Sharma
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA;
| | - Fred J. Eller
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Functional Foods Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA;
| | - Kervin O. Evans
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Renewable Product Technology Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA; (E.C.W.); (K.O.E.); (D.L.C.)
| | - David L. Compton
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Renewable Product Technology Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA; (E.C.W.); (K.O.E.); (D.L.C.)
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17
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Popoola LT. Taguchi Parametric Optimization and Cost Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium Sequestration From Aqueous Solution by NaOH-Modified Garcinia kola Hull Particles. Environ Health Insights 2023; 17:11786302231200867. [PMID: 37808961 PMCID: PMC10557423 DOI: 10.1177/11786302231200867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of chromium in industrial wastewater is unavoidable due to its large usage as part of chemical constituents used in many industries. Its removal from wastewater is imperative because it's toxic in nature. This study investigated the application of NaOH-modified Garcinia kola hull particles (cMGK-HP) for Cr(VI) sequestration from aqueous solution. The optimization of process parameters was executed using Taguchi of Design Expert software for optimum point prediction, analysis of variance, parameters interaction and mathematical model development. A proposed model was used for the adsorption cost analysis. The predicted and experimental percentage of Cr(VI) sequestration were recorded at optimum point to be 99.02% and 98.76% with pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature of 2, 8 g/L, 20 minutes, 10 mg/L, and 20°C respectively. A correlation coefficient of .9937 between experimental and predicted values of percentage Cr(VI) sequestration affirmed high efficacy of the developed model. ANOVA showed the order of parameter contribution to be pH > adsorbent dose > initial concentration > contact time > temperature. A maximum adsorption capacity of 217.39 mg g-1 was obtained for cMGK-HP. Cost analysis revealed using cMGK-HP to be cost effective for Cr(VI) sequestration with a total operational cost of 0.824 $/mole Cr(VI) ions when compared with commercial activated carbon. Adsorbent characterization revealed the presence of active functional groups enhancing the sequestration process. It could be deduced that cMGK-HP is effective to remove Cr(VI) from solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekan Taofeek Popoola
- Separation Processes Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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18
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Dalrymple A, Tan L, Byard RW. Unexpected death involving the spleen - an overview. Med Sci Law 2023; 63:316-323. [PMID: 37537888 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231191828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The spleen is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity and has both immunological and haematological functions. A variety of quite different entities may be associated with sudden death due to splenic involvement. These range from simple traumatic disruption of the parenchyma of a normal spleen with marked intra-abdominal haemorrhage, to conditions such as malaria and infectious mononucleosis where splenomegaly predisposes to rupture. Haematological diseases such as malignancies and haemoglobinopathies may causes sudden death due to haemorrhage or red cell sequestration. Asplenia or polysplenia may be associated with significant congenital heart disease. Hyposplenia, both structural and functional, may also result in rapid demise from sometimes unusual bacterial infections. Vascular abnormalities causing death include entities such as splenic artery aneurysms. Thus, deaths from splenic pathology may be due to localised issues or may be part of more generalised disease. For this reason the autopsy in cases of splenic-associated deaths must be comprehensive and include special testing such as microbiological screening and/or haematologic/genetic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Dalrymple
- Flinders University, Bedford Park Adelaide, South Australia
- Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Luzern Tan
- Adelaide School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Roger W Byard
- Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, South Australia
- Adelaide School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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19
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Kohiyama M, Herrick J, Norris V. Open Questions about the Roles of DnaA, Related Proteins, and Hyperstructure Dynamics in the Cell Cycle. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1890. [PMID: 37763294 PMCID: PMC10532879 DOI: 10.3390/life13091890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The DnaA protein has long been considered to play the key role in the initiation of chromosome replication in modern bacteria. Many questions about this role, however, remain unanswered. Here, we raise these questions within a framework based on the dynamics of hyperstructures, alias large assemblies of molecules and macromolecules that perform a function. In these dynamics, hyperstructures can (1) emit and receive signals or (2) fuse and separate from one another. We ask whether the DnaA-based initiation hyperstructure acts as a logic gate receiving information from the membrane, the chromosome, and metabolism to trigger replication; we try to phrase some of these questions in terms of DNA supercoiling, strand opening, glycolytic enzymes, SeqA, ribonucleotide reductase, the macromolecular synthesis operon, post-translational modifications, and metabolic pools. Finally, we ask whether, underpinning the regulation of the cell cycle, there is a physico-chemical clock inherited from the first protocells, and whether this clock emits a single signal that triggers both chromosome replication and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Kohiyama
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - John Herrick
- Independent Researcher, 3 rue des Jeûneurs, 75002 Paris, France;
| | - Vic Norris
- CBSA UR 4312, University of Rouen Normandy, University of Caen Normandy, Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France
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20
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Bekić V, Kilian N. Novel secretory organelles of parasite origin - at the center of host-parasite interaction. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2200241. [PMID: 37518819 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Reorganization of cell organelle-deprived host red blood cells by the apicomplexan malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum enables their cytoadherence to endothelial cells that line the microvasculature. This increases the time red blood cells infected with mature developmental stages remain within selected organs such as the brain to avoid the spleen passage, which can lead to severe complications and cumulate in patient death. The Maurer's clefts are a novel secretory organelle of parasite origin established by the parasite in the cytoplasm of the host red blood cell in order to facilitate the establishment of cytoadherence by conducting the trafficking of immunovariant adhesins to the host cell surface. Another important function of the organelle is the sorting of other proteins the parasite traffics into its host cell. Although the organelle is of high importance for the pathology of malaria, additional putative functions, structure, and genesis remain shrouded in mystery more than a century after its discovery. In this review, we highlight our current knowledge about the Maurer's clefts and other novel secretory organelles established within the host cell cytoplasm by human-pathogenic malaria parasites and other parasites that reside within human red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Bekić
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nicole Kilian
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
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21
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Liu Y, Heath JJ, Zhang S, van Wijk M, Wang G, Buellesbach J, Wada-Katsumata A, Groot AT, Schal C. A mosaic of endogenous and plant-derived courtship signals in moths. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3529-3535.e4. [PMID: 37531958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Insects rely on olfaction to guide a wide range of adaptive behaviors, including mate and food localization, mate choice, oviposition site selection, kin recognition, and predator avoidance.1 In nocturnal insects, such as moths2 and cockroaches,3 mate finding is stimulated predominantly by long-range species-specific sex pheromones, typically emitted by females. During courtship, at close range, males in most moth species emit a blend of pheromone compounds from an everted, often large, pheromone gland. While long-distance communication with sex pheromones has been remarkably well characterized in thousands of moth species,2,4 close-range chemosensory sexual communication remains poorly understood. We reveal that in the moth Chloridea virescens, the male pheromone consists of three distinct classes of compounds: de novo biosynthesized alcohols, aldehydes, acetates, and carboxylic acids that resemble the female's emissions; newly identified compounds that are unique to the male pheromone, such as aliphatic polyunsaturated hydrocarbons; and sequestered plant secondary compounds and hormone derivatives, including methyl salicylate (MeSA). Thus, males employ a mosaic pheromone blend of disparate origins that may serve multiple functions during courtship. We show that two olfactory receptors in female antennae are tuned to MeSA, which facilitates female acceptance of the male. Because MeSA is emitted by plants attacked by pathogens and herbivores,5 the chemosensory system of female moths was likely already tuned to this plant volatile, and males appear to exploit the female's preadapted sensory bias. Interestingly, while female moths (largely nocturnal) and butterflies (diurnal) diverged in their use of sensory modalities in sexual communication,6 MeSA is used by males of both lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Jeremy J Heath
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Michiel van Wijk
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jan Buellesbach
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ayako Wada-Katsumata
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Astrid T Groot
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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22
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Carlson NJ, Agrawal AA. A nutrition-defence trade-off drives diet choice in a toxic plant generalist. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230987. [PMID: 37554038 PMCID: PMC10410223 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant toxicity shapes the dietary choices of herbivores. Especially when herbivores sequester plant toxins, they may experience a trade-off between gaining protection from natural enemies and avoiding toxicity. The availability of toxins for sequestration may additionally trade off with the nutritional quality of a potential food source for sequestering herbivores. We hypothesized that diet mixing might allow a sequestering herbivore to balance nutrition and defence (via sequestration of plant toxins). Accordingly, here we address diet mixing and sequestration of large milkweed bugs (Oncopeltus fasciatus) when they have differential access to toxins (cardenolides) in their diet. In the absence of toxins from a preferred food (milkweed seeds), large milkweed bugs fed on nutritionally adequate non-toxic seeds, but supplemented their diet by feeding on nutritionally poor, but cardenolide-rich milkweed leaf and stem tissues. This dietary shift corresponded to reduced insect growth but facilitated sequestration of defensive toxins. Plant production of cardenolides was also substantially induced by bug feeding on leaf and stem tissues, perhaps benefitting this cardenolide-resistant herbivore. Thus, sequestration appears to drive diet mixing in this toxic plant generalist, even at the cost of feeding on nutritionally poor plant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel J. Carlson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, 215 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Anurag A. Agrawal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, 215 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Guan WL, Jiang LL, Yin XF, Hu HY. PABPN1 aggregation is driven by Ala expansion and poly(A)-RNA binding, leading to CFIm25 sequestration that impairs alternative polyadenylation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105019. [PMID: 37422193 PMCID: PMC10403730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) is an RNA-binding protein localized in nuclear speckles, while its alanine (Ala)-expanded variants accumulate as intranuclear aggregates in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. The factors that drive PABPN1 aggregation and its cellular consequences remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the roles of Ala stretch and poly(A) RNA in the phase transition of PABPN1 using biochemical and molecular cell biology methods. We have revealed that the Ala stretch controls its mobility in nuclear speckles, and Ala expansion leads to aggregation from the dynamic speckles. Poly(A) nucleotide is essential to the early-stage condensation that thereby facilitates speckle formation and transition to solid-like aggregates. Moreover, the PABPN1 aggregates can sequester CFIm25, a component of the pre-mRNA 3'-UTR processing complex, in an mRNA-dependent manner and consequently impair the function of CFIm25 in alternative polyadenylation. In conclusion, our study elucidates a molecular mechanism underlying PABPN1 aggregation and sequestration, which will be beneficial for understanding PABPN1 proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Liang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei-Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum can cause a severe disease with high mortality. A major factor contributing to the increased virulence of P. falciparum, as compared to other human malarial parasites, is the sequestration of infected erythrocytes in the capillary beds of organs and tissues. This sequestration is due to the cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to endothelial cells. Cytoadherence is primarily mediated by a parasite protein expressed on the surface of the infected erythrocyte called P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein-1 (PfEMP1). PfEMP1 is embedded in electron-dense protuberances on the surface of the infected erythrocytes called knobs. These knobs are assembled on the erythrocyte membrane via exported parasite proteins, and the knobs function as focal points for the cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes to endothelial cells. PfEMP1 is a member of the var gene family, and there are approximately 60 antigenically distinct PfEMP1 alleles per parasite genome. Var gene expression exhibits allelic exclusion, with only a single allele being expressed by an individual parasite. This results in sequential waves of antigenically distinct infected erythrocytes and this antigenic variation allows the parasite to establish long-term chronic infections. A wide range of endothelial cell receptors can bind to the various PfEMP1 alleles, and thus, antigenic variation also results in a change in the cytoadherence phenotype. The cytoadherence phenotype may result in infected erythrocytes sequestering in different tissues and this difference in sequestration may explain the wide range of possible clinical manifestations associated with severe falciparum malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Wiser
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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25
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Yao G, Zhang P, Cao J, Hu X, Tan Y, Yao C. Strictly-controlled techniques are required in laparoscopic appendectomy for elemental mercury sequestration in the appendix: a case report. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231183702. [PMID: 37389592 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231183702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Elemental mercury impaction in the appendix can cause subsequent local and systemic complications. We present a case of a teenage boy who ingested approximately 10 mL of elemental mercury, resulting in residual mercury sequestration in the appendix after conservative management. We performed laparoscopic appendectomy to remove the residual mercury. The patient made a complete clinical recovery without adverse events related to mercury poisoning over the 6-month follow-up. We highlight the advantages of laparoscopic appendectomy, abdominal computed tomography (CT), negative pressure operating rooms, and surgeon protection to improve surgical success rates. This case report adds to the literature on the management of elemental mercury impaction in the appendix and provides valuable insights for clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chengli Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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26
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Agrawal AA, Hastings AP. Tissue-specific plant toxins and adaptation in a specialist root herbivore. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302251120. [PMID: 37216531 PMCID: PMC10235950 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302251120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In coevolution between plants and insects, reciprocal selection often leads to phenotype matching between chemical defense and herbivore offense. Nonetheless, it is not well understood whether distinct plant parts are differentially defended and how herbivores adapted to those parts cope with tissue-specific defense. Milkweed plants produce a diversity of cardenolide toxins and specialist herbivores have substitutions in their target enzyme (Na+/K+-ATPase), each playing a central role in milkweed-insect coevolution. The four-eyed milkweed beetle (Tetraopes tetrophthalmus) is an abundant toxin-sequestering herbivore that feeds exclusively on milkweed roots as larvae and less so on milkweed leaves as adults. Accordingly, we tested the tolerance of this beetle's Na+/K+-ATPase to cardenolide extracts from roots versus leaves of its main host (Asclepias syriaca), along with sequestered cardenolides from beetle tissues. We additionally purified and tested the inhibitory activity of dominant cardenolides from roots (syrioside) and leaves (glycosylated aspecioside). Tetraopes' enzyme was threefold more tolerant of root extracts and syrioside than leaf cardenolides. Nonetheless, beetle-sequestered cardenolides were more potent than those in roots, suggesting selective uptake or dependence on compartmentalization of toxins away from the beetle's enzymatic target. Because Tetraopes has two functionally validated amino acid substitutions in its Na+/K+-ATPase compared to the ancestral form in other insects, we compared its cardenolide tolerance to that of wild-type Drosophila and CRISPR-edited Drosophila with Tetraopes' Na+/K+-ATPase genotype. Those two amino acid substitutions accounted for >50% of Tetraopes' enhanced enzymatic tolerance of cardenolides. Thus, milkweed's tissue-specific expression of root toxins is matched by physiological adaptations in its specialist root herbivore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag A. Agrawal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Amy P. Hastings
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
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27
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Hu S, Zhang H, Yang Y, Wang W, Zhou W, Shen X, Liu C. Reductive Sequestration of Cr(VI) and Immobilization of C during the Microbially Mediated Transformation of Ferrihydrite-Cr(VI)-Fulvic Acid Coprecipitates. Environ Sci Technol 2023. [PMID: 37216216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI) detoxification and organic matter (OM) stabilization are usually influenced by the biological transformation of iron (Fe) minerals; however, the underlying mechanisms of metal-reducing bacteria on the coupled kinetics of Fe minerals, Cr, and OM remain unclear. Here, the reductive sequestration of Cr(VI) and immobilization of fulvic acid (FA) during the microbially mediated phase transformation of ferrihydrite with varying Cr/Fe ratios were investigated. No phase transformation occurred until Cr(VI) was completely reduced, and the ferrihydrite transformation rate decreased as the Cr/Fe ratio increased. Microscopic analysis was uncovered, which revealed that the resulting Cr(III) was incorporated into the lattice structure of magnetite and goethite, whereas OM was mainly adsorbed on goethite and magnetite surfaces and located within pore spaces. Fine line scan profiles showed that OM adsorbed on the Fe mineral surface had a lower oxidation state than that within nanopores, and C adsorbed on the magnetite surface had the highest oxidation state. During reductive transformation, the immobilization of FA by Fe minerals was predominantly via surface complexation, and OM with highly aromatic and unsaturated structures and low H/C ratios was easily adsorbed by Fe minerals or decomposed by bacteria, whereas Cr/Fe ratios had little effect on the binding of Fe minerals and OM and the variations in OM components. Owing to the inhibition of crystalline Fe minerals and nanopore formation in the presence of Cr, Cr sequestration and C immobilization can be synchronously favored at low Cr/Fe ratios. These findings provide a profound theoretical basis for Cr detoxification and synchronous sequestration of Cr and C in anoxic soils and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Hu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Institute of Geography, Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Shen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongxuan Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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Hong JY, Wang JY, Yue HW, Zhang XL, Zhang SX, Jiang LL, Hu HY. Coaggregation of polyglutamine (polyQ) proteins is mediated by polyQ-tract interactions and impairs cellular proteostasis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023. [PMID: 37171184 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nine polyglutamine (polyQ) proteins have already been identified that are considered to be associated with the pathologies of neurodegenerative disorders called polyQ diseases, but whether these polyQ proteins mutually interact and synergize in proteinopathies remains to be elucidated. In this study, 4 polyQ-containing proteins, androgen receptor (AR), ataxin-7 (Atx7), huntingtin (Htt) and ataxin-3 (Atx3), are used as model molecules to investigate their heterologous coaggregation and consequent impact on cellular proteostasis. Our data indicate that the N-terminal fragment of polyQ-expanded (PQE) Atx7 or Htt can coaggregate with and sequester AR and Atx3 into insoluble aggregates or inclusions through their respective polyQ tracts. In vitro coprecipitation and NMR titration experiments suggest that this specific coaggregation depends on polyQ lengths and is probably mediated by polyQ-tract interactions. Luciferase reporter assay shows that these coaggregation and sequestration effects can deplete the cellular availability of AR and consequently impair its transactivation function. This study provides valid evidence supporting the viewpoint that coaggregation of polyQ proteins is mediated by polyQ-tract interactions and benefits our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the accumulation of different polyQ proteins in inclusions and their copathological causes of polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ye Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Wei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang-Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shu-Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei-Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hong-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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29
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Wei Y, Cao X, Wang G, Zhang M, Lv Z. Study on Carbon Fixation Ratio and Properties of Foamed Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16093441. [PMID: 37176323 PMCID: PMC10180198 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Using solid waste to sequester carbon dioxide not only reduces the greenhouse effect but also reuses resources. However, the existing solidified carbon dioxide storage materials are expensive and have poor storage effect. Therefore, in this study, cement, solid waste base material, and 30% hydrogen peroxide were used to make foamed concrete materials through chemical foaming, and XRD, BET, SEM, and thermogravimetric techniques were used to explore the amount of carbon dioxide adsorbed by foamed concrete materials under different ratio conditions. The results show that (1) the hydration products of the cementified materials mainly include C-S-H, Ht and Ca(OH)2, which are important factors for the storage of CO2. (2) A water-cement ratio of 0.7 and a foaming agent dosage of 10% are the best ratios for foamed concrete materials. With the increase of the water-cement ratio and the dosage of the foaming agent, the amount of CO2-sealed stock first increases and then decreases. (3) The maximum carbon dioxide sealing capacity of foamed concrete material is 66.35 kg/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Wei
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cao
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
- Mine Disaster Prevention and Control-Ministry of State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Mingguang Zhang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zhiwen Lv
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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30
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Bellido-Peralta R, Leoni F, Calero C, Franzese G. Size-Pore-Dependent Methanol Sequestration from Water-Methanol Mixtures by an Embedded Graphene Slit. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093697. [PMID: 37175107 PMCID: PMC10179872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The separation of liquid mixture components is relevant to many applications-ranging from water purification to biofuel production-and is a growing concern related to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as "Clean water and Sanitation" and "Affordable and clean energy". One promising technique is using graphene slit-pores as filters, or sponges, because the confinement potentially affects the properties of the mixture components in different ways, favoring their separation. However, no systematic study has shown how the size of a pore changes the thermodynamics of the surrounding mixture. Here, we focus on water-methanol mixtures and explore, using Molecular Dynamics simulations, the effects of a graphene pore, with size ranging from 6.5 to 13 Å, for three compositions: pure water, 90%-10%, and 75%-25% water-methanol. We show that tuning the pore size can change the mixture pressure, density and composition in bulk due to the size-dependent methanol sequestration within the pore. Our results can help in optimizing the graphene pore size for filtering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bellido-Peralta
- Secció de Física Estadística i Interdisciplinària, Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabio Leoni
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carles Calero
- Secció de Física Estadística i Interdisciplinària, Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Franzese
- Secció de Física Estadística i Interdisciplinària, Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Winaris N, Pawestri AR, Azizah S, Alifia LI, Asiyah R, Ayuningtyas TR, Fitri LE, Sardjono TW. Plasmodium infection and dysbiosis: A new paradigm in the host-parasite interaction. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12980. [PMID: 37092310 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal immune system contributes for the largest component of the tissue immune system due to its massive surface area and constant exposure to the microbiota. The gut microbiota comprises a complex micro-ecosystem in the intestine and plays a major role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Several studies revealed that infectious diseases involve bidirectional interactions in the gut microenvironment, including changes in the gut microbiota composition. During Plasmodium infection, an increase of pro-inflammatory cells in the lamina propria and a shift in the composition of the gut microbiota contribute to intestinal ecosystem dysbiosis. Although the mechanisms of this dysbiosis is still uncertain, it is thought to be associated with the sequestration of infected red blood cells in the intestinal microvascular system, leading to endothelial villous disruption, and thus activating effector immune cells scattered in the intestinal epithelium and lamina propria. This review provides information on this conjoint interaction which will be beneficial to modulate the host immune response in malaria through manipulation of the gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuning Winaris
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- AIDS, Toxoplasma, Opportunistic Diseases and Malaria (ATOM) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Aulia Rahmi Pawestri
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- AIDS, Toxoplasma, Opportunistic Diseases and Malaria (ATOM) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Syafiatul Azizah
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Lustyafa Inassani Alifia
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Rokhmatul Asiyah
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- State University of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Tita Rachma Ayuningtyas
- Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Loeki Enggar Fitri
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- AIDS, Toxoplasma, Opportunistic Diseases and Malaria (ATOM) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Teguh Wahju Sardjono
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- AIDS, Toxoplasma, Opportunistic Diseases and Malaria (ATOM) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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32
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Yablonovitch E, Deckman HW. Scalable, economical, and stable sequestration of agricultural fixed carbon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217695120. [PMID: 37040411 PMCID: PMC10120047 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217695120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a scalable, economical solution to the carbon dioxide problem. CO2 is captured from the atmosphere by plants, and the harvested vegetation is then buried in an engineered dry biolandfill. Plant biomass can be preserved for hundreds to thousands of years by burial in a dry environment with sufficiently low thermodynamic "Water Activity," which is the relative humidity in equilibrium with the biomass. Maintaining a dry environment within the engineered dry biolandfill is assisted by salt that preserves biomass, which has been known since Biblical times. A "Water Activity" <60%, assisted by salt, will not support life, suppressing anaerobic organisms, thus preserving the biomass for thousands of years. Current agricultural costs, and biolandfill costs, indicate US$60/tonne of sequestered CO2 which corresponds to ~US$0.53 per gallon of gasoline. The technology is scalable owing to the large area of land available for nonfood biomass sources. If biomass production is scaled to the level of a major crop, existing CO2 can be extracted from the atmosphere, and will simultaneously sequester a significant fraction of world CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Yablonovitch
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Harry W Deckman
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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33
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Thompson L, Rowntree J, Windisch W, Waters S, Shalloo L, Manzano P. Ecosystem management using livestock: embracing diversity and respecting ecological principles. Anim Front 2023; 13:28-34. [PMID: 37073311 PMCID: PMC10105869 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Logan Thompson
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Jason Rowntree
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Wilhelm Windisch
- Technical University of Munich, Liesel Beckmann Straße 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Laurence Shalloo
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
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34
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Baud FJ, Houzé P, Raphalen JH, Philippe P, Lamhaut L. Vancomycin Sequestration in ST Filters: An In Vitro Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030620. [PMID: 36978488 PMCID: PMC10045619 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequestration of vancomycin in ST® filters used in continuous renal therapy is a pending question. Direct vancomycin-ST® interaction was assessed using the in vitro NeckEpur® technology. METHOD ST150® filter and Prismaflex dialyzer, Baxter-Gambro, were used. Two modes were assessed in duplicate: (i) continuous diafiltration (CDF): 4 L/h, (ii) continuous dialysis (CD): 2.5 L/h post-filtration. RESULTS The mean initial vancomycin concentration in the central compartment (CC) was 51.4 +/- 5.0 mg/L. The mean percentage eliminated from the CC over 6 h was 91 +/- 4%. The mean clearances from the CC by CDF and CD were 2.8 and 1.9 L/h, respectively. The mean clearances assessed using cumulative effluents were 4.4 and 2.2 L/h, respectively. The mean percentages of the initial dose eliminated in the effluents from the CC by CDF and CD were 114 and 108% with no detectable sequestration of vancomycin in both modes of elimination. DISCUSSION Significant sequestration adds a clearance to that provided by CDF and CD. The study provides multiple evidence from the CC, the filter, and the effluents of the lack of an increase in total clearance in comparison with the flow rates without significant sequestration in the ST® filter comparing cumulative effluents to the initial dose in the CC. CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence ST® filters directly sequestrate vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric J Baud
- Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Adult Intensive Care Unit, Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
- EA7323, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Houzé
- CNRS UMR 8258-U1022, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Herlé Raphalen
- Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Adult Intensive Care Unit, Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Philippe
- Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Adult Intensive Care Unit, Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lionel Lamhaut
- Département d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Adult Intensive Care Unit, Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
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Cruse C, Moural TW, Zhu F. Dynamic Roles of Insect Carboxyl/Cholinesterases in Chemical Adaptation. Insects 2023; 14:194. [PMID: 36835763 PMCID: PMC9958613 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Insects have evolved several intricate defense mechanisms to adapt to their chemical environment. Due to their versatile capabilities in hydrolytic biotransformation, insect carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs) play vital roles in the development of pesticide resistance, facilitating the adaptation of insects to their host plants, and manipulating insect behaviors through the olfaction system. CCEs confer insecticide resistance through the mechanisms of qualitative or quantitative changes of CCE-mediated enhanced metabolism or target-site insensitivity, and may contribute to the host plant adaptation. CCEs represent the first odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs) discovered to degrade insect pheromones and plant odors and remain the most promising ODE candidates. Here, we summarize insect CCE classification, currently characterized insect CCE protein structure characteristics, and the dynamic roles of insect CCEs in chemical adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Cruse
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Timothy Walter Moural
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
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36
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Brdarić E, Popović D, Soković Bajić S, Tucović D, Mutić J, Čakić-Milošević M, Đurđić S, Tolinački M, Aleksandrov AP, Golić N, Mirkov I, Živković M. Orally Administrated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGAN8-Derived EPS-AN8 Ameliorates Cd Hazards in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032845. [PMID: 36769176 PMCID: PMC9917968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal that is distributed worldwide. Exposure to it is correlated with a vast number of diseases and organism malfunctions. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) derived from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGAN8, EPS-AN8, previously showed great potential for the in vitro protection of intestinal cells from this metal. Here, we investigated the potential of food supplemented with EPS-AN8 to protect rats from the hazardous effects of Cd exposure. After thirty days of exposure to lower (5 ppm) and higher (50 ppm)-Cd doses, the administration of EPS-AN8 led to decreased Cd content in the kidneys, liver, and blood compared to only Cd-treated groups, whereas the fecal Cd content was strongly enriched. In addition, EPS-AN8 reversed Cd-provoked effects on the most significant parameters of oxidative stress (MDA, CAT, GST, and GSH) and inflammation (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) in the duodenum. Moreover, micrographs of the duodenum were in line with these findings. As the gut microbiota has an important role in maintaining homeostasis, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and investigated the effects of Cd and EPS-AN8 on one part of the microbiota presented in the duodenum. Although Cd decreased the growth of lactobacilli and mostly favored the blooming of opportunistic pathogen bacteria, parallel intake of EPS-AN8 reversed those changes. Therefore, our results imply that EPS-AN8 might be extremely noteworthy in combatting this toxic environmental pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Brdarić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušanka Popović
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11062 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Soković Bajić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dina Tucović
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11062 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Mutić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Čakić-Milošević
- Institute of Zoology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađana Đurđić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Tolinački
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Popov Aleksandrov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11062 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Golić
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Mirkov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11062 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Živković
- Group for Probiotics and Microbiota-Host Interaction, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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37
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Le Ven J, Pellan C, Maulet V, Le Monnier A, Baud FJ. Elimination of cefotaxime using polysulfone and polyacrylonitrile-derived filters: An in vitro assessment. Int J Artif Organs 2023; 46:113-119. [PMID: 36583520 DOI: 10.1177/03913988221143803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CCRT) efficiently eliminates cefotaxime. To our knowledge, there are no previous in vitro studies dealing with the disposition of cefotaxime. We studied the elimination of cefotaxime by two filters in a model mimicking a session of CRRT using the NeckEpur® technology. The ST150®-polyacrylonitrile filter with the Prismaflex, Baxter-Gambro, and the AV1000®-polysulfone filter with the Multifiltrate Pro, Fresenius, were studied. Continuous filtration used a flowrate of 1 L/h in post-dilution only. Simulated blood flowrate was set at 200 mL/min. Routes of elimination were assessed using the NeckEpur® technology. Cefotaxime concentrations were measured using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry. Two sessions were performed using the ST® filter and three using the AV® filter. Stability of cefotaxime during 6 h was assessed in triplicate with a mean variation of concentrations of 2.4 ± 1.5% at the end of the study. The mean measured initial concentration in the central compartment (CC) for the five sessions was 52.4 mg/L. The mean amount eliminated from the CC at the end of the sessions using the ST150®-polyacrylonitrile and the AV1000®-polysulfone filters were 72% and 73%, respectively. The clearances of cefotaxime from the central compartment (CC) were 1.1 and 1.2 L/h, respectively. The mean sieving coefficient were 0.99 and 0.99, respectively. The mean percentages of the amount eliminated from the CC by filtration/adsorption were 87/13% and 92/8%, respectively. Both adsorption percentages were below 15%. We conclude neither the ST150®-polyacrylonitrile nor the AV1000®-polysulfone filters result in clinically significant adsorption of cefotaxime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Le Ven
- Clinical Microbiology Department and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Platform, GH Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Camille Pellan
- Clinical Microbiology Department and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Platform, GH Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Valentin Maulet
- Clinical Microbiology Department and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Platform, GH Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Adult Intensive Care Unit, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alban Le Monnier
- Clinical Microbiology Department, GH Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France.,Institut Micalis, UMR 1319 University Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParis Tech, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Frédéric J Baud
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Adult Intensive Care Unit, Necker Hospital, Paris, France.,EA7323 Evaluation of Therapeutics and Pharmacology in Perinatality and Pediatrics - Hôpitaux Universitaires Cochin - Broca - Hôtel Dieu, Site Tarnier, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Abdellatif W, Nugent JP, Alballa F, Murray N, Jalal S, Ali IT, Nicolaou S. Dual Energy Computed Tomography Collagen Material Decomposition for Detection of Lumbar Spine Disc Extrusion and Sequestration: A Comparative Study With Greyscale Computed Tomography. Can Assoc Radiol J 2023; 74:110-118. [PMID: 35948996 DOI: 10.1177/08465371221118886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess value of dual energy computed tomography (DECT) collagen material decomposition algorithm when combined with standard computed tomography (CT) in detection of lumbar disc extrusion and sequestration. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients with acute low back pain who had a diagnosis of lumbar spine disc extrusion and/or sequestration on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (reference standard), and had undergone non-contrast DECT of the lumbar spine within 60 days of the MRI. Age and sex-matched control patients (n = 42) were included. Patients were grouped into standard, grey-scale CT only group and standard CT + DECT tendon images group. Two double-blinded radiologists reviewed both groups for presence of extrusion or sequestration. They also rated their diagnostic confidence on Likert 5-point scale. McNemar Chi-square test was used to compare diagnostic accuracy, unpaired t-test to compare reviewers diagnostic confidence, and Cohen's k (kappa) test for interobserver agreement. Results: The combined group showed higher overall sensitivity (96.6% vs 87.2%), specificity (99% vs 95.4%), and diagnostic accuracy (98.7% vs 94.5%) with a lower false positive rate (1.1% vs 4.6%). McNemar Chi-square test confirmed statistical significance (P = .03 and P = .02 for Reviewers R1 and R2, respectively). The mean diagnostic confidence was also significantly higher on combined group (R1: 3.74 ± 1.1 vs 3.47 ± 1.15 (P < .01) and R2: 3.91 ± 1.15 vs 3.72 ± 1.16 [mean ± SD] (P = .02)). Conclusion: Utilizing MRI as a reference standard, DECT tendon application combined with standard CT increases the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of detection of lumbar spine disc extrusion and sequestration, when compared to standard CT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Abdellatif
- Department of Radiology, 12334UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - James P Nugent
- Department of Radiology, 8167University of British Columbia/Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Faisal Alballa
- Department of Radiology, 37852King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicolas Murray
- Department of Radiology, 8167University of British Columbia/Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ismail T Ali
- Department of Radiology, 8167University of British Columbia/Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Savvas Nicolaou
- Department of Radiology, 8167Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Xu R, Yiannikouris A, Shandilya UK, Karrow NA. Comparative Assessment of Different Yeast Cell Wall-Based Mycotoxin Adsorbents Using a Model- and Bioassay-Based In Vitro Approach. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020104. [PMID: 36728779 PMCID: PMC9959493 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequently reported occurrences of deoxynivalenol (DON), beauvericin (BEA), and, to a lesser extent, ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) in ruminant feed or feedstuff could represent a significant concern regarding feed safety, animal health, and productivity. Inclusion of yeast cell wall-based mycotoxin adsorbents in animal feeds has been a common strategy to mitigate adverse effects of mycotoxins. In the present study, an in vitro approach combining adsorption isotherm models and bioassays was designed to assess the efficacy of yeast cell wall (YCW), yeast cell wall extract (YCWE), and a postbiotic yeast cell wall-based blend (PYCW) products at the inclusion rate of 0.5% (w/v) (ratio of adsorbent mass to buffer solution volume). The Hill's adsorption isotherm model was found to best describe the adsorption processes of DON, BEA, and CIT. Calculated binding potential for YCW and YCWE using the Hill's model exhibited the same ranking for mycotoxin adsorption, indicating that BEA had the highest adsorption rate, followed by DON and CIT, which was the least adsorbed. PYCW had the highest binding potential for BEA compared with YCW and YCWE. In contrast, the Freundlich isotherm model presented a good fit for OTA adsorption by all adsorbents and CIT adsorption by PYCW. Results indicated that YCW was the most efficacious for sequestering OTA, whereas YCWE was the least efficacious. PYCW showed greater efficacy at adsorbing OTA than CIT. All adsorbents exhibited high adsorption efficacy for BEA, with an overall percentage average of bound mycotoxin exceeding 60%, whereas moderate efficacies for the other mycotoxins were observed (up to 37%). Differences in adsorbent efficacy of each adsorbent significantly varied according to experimental concentrations tested for each given mycotoxin (p < 0.05). The cell viability results from the bioassay using a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) indicated that all tested adsorbents could potentially mitigate mycotoxin-related damage to bovine mammary epithelium. Results from our studies suggested that all tested adsorbents had the capacity to adsorb selected mycotoxins in vitro, which could support their use to mitigate their effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Alexandros Yiannikouris
- Alltech Inc., Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA
| | - Umesh K. Shandilya
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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40
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Joshi A, Kaur T, Joshi A, Gugulothu SB, Choudhury S, Singh N. Light-Mediated 3D Printing of Micro-Pyramid-Decorated Tailorable Wound Dressings with Endogenous Growth Factor Sequestration for Improved Wound Healing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:327-337. [PMID: 36562761 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Medical dressings play an important role in the field of tissue engineering owing to their ability to accelerate the process of wound healing. Great efforts have been made to fabricate wound dressings with distinctive features for promoting wound healing. However, most of the current synthesis methods either generate dressings of uniform size or involve complex fabrication techniques, thus limiting their commercialization for the personalized dressings. We report here a dressing, which presents a paradigm shift in the design of the dressing from uniform films to a micro-patterned film. The hypothesis driving the design is the ability of the 3D patterns to provide an efficient transient matrix filling the depth of the wound rather than just providing a barrier and slight re-epithelialization. We demonstrate the use of the digital light processing 3D printing technique to generate micro-pyramid-decorated wound healing dressings with individualized design and with bio-compatible gelatin methacryloyl to contact the wounded areas. In addition to providing better adhesion to the migratory cells, the micro-pyramids also enable covalent conjugation of heparin, providing capability to sequester endogenous growth factors (GFs). Based on these advantages, the developed dressing not only adheres strongly to the wound bed but also promotes the treatment of a rat wound model by utilizing the power of endogenous GFs for tissue regeneration. Thus, it is believed that the developed dressing can break through the limitation of traditional wound treatment and be an ideal candidate for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Joshi
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
| | - Tejinder Kaur
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
| | - Akshat Joshi
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Sriram Bharath Gugulothu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Saswat Choudhury
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
- Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi110029, India
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41
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Moshayedi A, Lee RB, Tisdale L, Crimmins J. Angioinvasive mucormycosis in a patient with aplastic anemia. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 32:71-73. [PMID: 36691587 PMCID: PMC9860379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aref Moshayedi
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
- Correspondence to: Aref Moshayedi, BS, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, 1201 E Marshall St, Richmond, VA 23298.
| | - Rachel B. Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Lauren Tisdale
- Department of Dermatology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jennifer Crimmins
- Department of Dermatopathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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42
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Akide Ndunge OB, Kilian N, Salman MM. Cerebral Malaria and Neuronal Implications of Plasmodium Falciparum Infection: From Mechanisms to Advanced Models. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2202944. [PMID: 36300890 PMCID: PMC9798991 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Reorganization of host red blood cells by the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum enables their sequestration via attachment to the microvasculature. This artificially increases the dwelling time of the infected red blood cells within inner organs such as the brain, which can lead to cerebral malaria. Cerebral malaria is the deadliest complication patients infected with P. falciparum can experience and still remains a major public health concern despite effective antimalarial therapies. Here, the current understanding of the effect of P. falciparum cytoadherence and their secreted proteins on structural features of the human blood-brain barrier and their involvement in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria are highlighted. Advanced 2D and 3D in vitro models are further assessed to study this devastating interaction between parasite and host. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to neuronal and cognitive deficits in cerebral malaria will be pivotal in devising new strategies to treat and prevent blood-brain barrier dysfunction and subsequent neurological damage in patients with cerebral malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Bate Akide Ndunge
- Department of Internal MedicineSection of Infectious DiseasesYale University School of Medicine300 Cedar StreetNew HavenCT06510USA
| | - Nicole Kilian
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, ParasitologyHeidelberg University HospitalIm Neuenheimer Feld 32469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Mootaz M. Salman
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
- Kavli Institute for NanoScience DiscoveryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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43
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Ma Z, Cheah WY, Ng IS, Chang JS, Zhao M, Show PL. Microalgae-based biotechnological sequestration of carbon dioxide for net zero emissions. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1439-1453. [PMID: 36216714 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Excessive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere have become a dire threat to the human race and environmental sustainability. The ultimate goal of net zero emissions requires combined efforts on CO2 sequestration (natural sinks, biomass fixation, engineered approaches) and reduction in CO2 emissions while delivering economic growth (CO2 valorization for a circular carbon bioeconomy, CCE). We discuss microalgae-based CO2 biosequestration, including flue gas cultivation, biotechnological approaches for enhanced CO2 biosequestration, technological innovations for microalgal cultivation, and CO2 valorization/biofuel productions. We highlight challenges to current practices and future perspectives with the goal of contributing to environmental sustainability, net zero emissions, and the CCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengling Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wai Yan Cheah
- Centre of Research in Development, Social and Environment (SEEDS), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
| | - Min Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Bachmann A, Metwally NG, Allweier J, Cronshagen J, Del Pilar Martinez Tauler M, Murk A, Roth LK, Torabi H, Wu Y, Gutsmann T, Bruchhaus I. CD36-A Host Receptor Necessary for Malaria Parasites to Establish and Maintain Infection. Microorganisms 2022; 10. [PMID: 36557610 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (PfIEs) present P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 proteins (PfEMP1s) on the cell surface, via which they cytoadhere to various endothelial cell receptors (ECRs) on the walls of human blood vessels. This prevents the parasite from passing through the spleen, which would lead to its elimination. Each P. falciparum isolate has about 60 different PfEMP1s acting as ligands, and at least 24 ECRs have been identified as interaction partners. Interestingly, in every parasite genome sequenced to date, at least 75% of the encoded PfEMP1s have a binding domain for the scavenger receptor CD36 widely distributed on host endothelial cells and many other cell types. Here, we discuss why the interaction between PfIEs and CD36 is optimal to maintain a finely regulated equilibrium that allows the parasite to multiply and spread while causing minimal harm to the host in most infections.
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45
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Londhe K, Lee CS, McDonough CA, Venkatesan AK. The Need for Testing Isomer Profiles of Perfluoroalkyl Substances to Evaluate Treatment Processes. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:15207-15219. [PMID: 36314557 PMCID: PMC9670843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many environmentally relevant poly-/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exist in different isomeric (branched and linear) forms in the natural environment. The isomeric distribution of PFASs in the environment and source waters is largely controlled by the source of contamination and varying physicochemical properties imparted by their structural differences. For example, branched isomers of PFOS are relatively more reactive and less sorptive compared to the linear analogue. As a result, the removal of branched and linear PFASs during water treatment can vary, and thus the isomeric distribution in source waters can influence the overall efficiency of the treatment process. In this paper, we highlight the need to consider the isomeric distribution of PFASs in contaminated matrices while designing appropriate remediation strategies. We additionally summarize the known occurrence and variation in the physicochemical properties of PFAS isomers influencing their detection, fate, toxicokinetics, and treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Londhe
- Department
of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- New
York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Cheng-Shiuan Lee
- New
York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Research
Center for Environmental Changes, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Carrie A. McDonough
- Department
of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Arjun K. Venkatesan
- Department
of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- New
York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- School
of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony
Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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Vyas R, Gohel A, Escoffier C, Shan K, Katz J. Idiopathic lingual mandibular sequestration and its relationship to medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ): mini review. Quintessence Int 2022; 53:868-873. [PMID: 36169274 DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.b3418171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Idiopathic lingual mandibular sequestration is an uncommon condition that affects the lingual aspect of the mandible and may result in a necrosis of the jaw that is clinically indistinguishable from medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. This condition, however, is not associated with the intake of antiresorptive medication and may not require the same safeguards for extended periods of time. The etiology of idiopathic lingual mandibular sequestration is still unknown although trauma has been shown to play an important role. METHOD AND MATERIALS PubMed and the Cochrane Library were used to retrieve papers written in English through the years 1970 to 2021 using the key words "idiopathic osteonecrosis," "lingual sequestration," and "idiopathic jaw sequestration." In addition, clinical presentation of the lesion was included. RESULTS Idiopathic lingual mandibular sequestration is a benign, mostly self-limiting condition distinct from medication- related osteonecrosis of the jaw. CONCLUSION The dental clinician should be familiar with this condition and include it in their differential diagnosis when exposed bone is present with no history of radiation to the area or intake of antiresorptive medication. The course of the condition is usually very mild and may be self-limiting and usually does not require surgical intervention.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Presenting a Case of an Extralobar and Extrapleural Pulmonary Sequestration in a Four-Month-Old Infant. Cureus 2022; 14:e30331. [PMID: 36407234 PMCID: PMC9662758 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary sequestration is a congenital disease formed by embryogenic separation of the lung parenchyma, halting development and function. It has an aberrant blood supply and can provide a nidus for infection and respiratory compromise. It can be diagnosed prenatally with surgical resection after delivery reserved as the best mode of treatment. In literature, six to twelve months is the most optimal time for elective surgical repair giving time for some maturation to withstand single lung ventilation and operation before the risk of infection heightens after 12 months. We present a case of an infant that had an elective repair at four months of age with no postoperative sequelae highlighting that surgeons can perform elective repair sooner than six months of age and that surgical decision-making should be on a case-by-case basis.
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Abstract
The controlled binding of the catalytically dead CRISPR nuclease (dCas) to DNA can be used to create complex, programmable transcriptional genetic circuits, a fundamental goal of synthetic biology. This approach, called CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), is advantageous over existing methods because the programmable nature of CRISPR proteins in principle enables the simultaneous regulation of many different targets without crosstalk. However, the performance of dCas-based genetic circuits is limited by both the sensitivity to leaky repression within CRISPRi logic gates and retroactive effects due to a shared pool of dCas proteins. By utilizing antisense RNAs (asRNAs) to sequester gRNA transcripts as well as CRISPRi feedback to self-regulate asRNA production, we demonstrate a mechanism that suppresses unwanted repression by CRISPRi and improves logical gene circuit function in Escherichia coli. This improvement is particularly pronounced during stationary expression when CRISPRi circuits do not achieve the expected regulatory dynamics. Furthermore, the use of dual CRISPRi/asRNA inverters restores the logical performance of layered circuits such as a double inverter. By studying circuit induction at the single-cell level in microfluidic channels, we provide insight into the dynamics of antisense sequestration of gRNA and regulatory feedback on dCas-based repression and derepression. These results demonstrate how CRISPRi inverters can be improved for use in more complex genetic circuitry without sacrificing the programmability and orthogonality of dCas proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Specht
- Applied Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Louis B. Cortes
- Applied Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Guillaume Lambert
- Applied Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Mendez L. RD, Breen BN, Cahen D. Lead Sequestration from Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with a Low-Cost Thiol-Containing Encapsulant. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:29766-29772. [PMID: 35735116 PMCID: PMC9264311 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are being studied and developed because of the outstanding properties of halide perovskites as photovoltaic materials and high conversion efficiencies achieved with the best PSCs. However, leaching out of lead (Pb) ions into the environment presents potential public health risks. We show that thiol-functionalized nanoparticles provide an economic way of minimizing Pb leaching in the case of PSC module damage and subsequent water exposure (at most, ∼2.5% of today's crystal silicon solar panel production cost per square meter). Using commercial materials and methods, we retain ∼90% of Pb without degrading the photovoltaic performance of the cells, compared with nonencapsulated devices, yielding a worst-case scenario of top-soil pollution below natural Pb levels and well below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene D. Mendez L.
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | | | - David Cahen
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
- Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Niu M, Bao C, Chen J, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Su N, Cui J. RsGSTF12 Contributes to Anthocyanin Sequestration in Radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:870202. [PMID: 35860534 PMCID: PMC9289562 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.870202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble plant pigments mainly stored in the plant vacuoles. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a multifunctional enzyme family, which can regulate substance metabolism and biological and abiotic stresses in plants. However, few reports were focused on the involvement of GSTs in anthocyanin sequestration in red skin radish. Here, we identified a glutathione S-transferase gene RsGSTF12 that played roles in anthocyanin sequestration in radish. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that RsGSTF12 belonged to the phi (F) class of glutathione S-transferases and showed a high homology with AtGSTF12, followed by AtGSTF11. The subcellular localization assay showed that RsGSTF12 was located in the endoplasmic reticulum and tonoplast. Temporal and spatial gene expression-specific analyses uncovered a strong correlation of RsGSTF12 with anthocyanin accumulation in radish sprouts. The anthocyanin solubility assay found RsGSTF12 was capable of improving cyanidin water solubility in vitro. Transiently expressing RsGSTF12 in radish cotyledons was able to increase their anthocyanin sequestrations. Furthermore, the functional complementation and overexpression of the Arabidopsis thaliana tt19 mutant and wild type demonstrated that RsGSTF12 might play an indispensable role in anthocyanin accumulation in radish. Taken together, we provide compelling evidence that RsGSTF12 functions critically in how anthocyanins are sequestrated in radish, which may enrich our understanding of the mechanism of anthocyanin sequestration.
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