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Chan JC, Alenina N, Cunningham AM, Ramakrishnan A, Shen L, Bader M, Maze I. Serotonin Transporter-dependent Histone Serotonylation in Placenta Contributes to the Neurodevelopmental Transcriptome. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168454. [PMID: 38266980 PMCID: PMC10957302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Brain development requires appropriate regulation of serotonin (5-HT) signaling from distinct tissue sources across embryogenesis. At the maternal-fetal interface, the placenta is thought to be an important contributor of offspring brain 5-HT and is critical to overall fetal health. Yet, how placental 5-HT is acquired, and the mechanisms through which 5-HT influences placental functions, are not well understood. Recently, our group identified a novel epigenetic role for 5-HT, in which 5-HT can be added to histone proteins to regulate transcription, a process called H3 serotonylation. Here, we show that H3 serotonylation undergoes dynamic regulation during placental development, corresponding to gene expression changes that are known to influence key metabolic processes. Using transgenic mice, we demonstrate that placental H3 serotonylation is dependent on 5-HT uptake by the serotonin transporter (SERT/SLC6A4). SERT deletion robustly reduces enrichment of H3 serotonylation across the placental genome, and disrupts neurodevelopmental gene networks in early embryonic brain tissues. Thus, these findings suggest a novel role for H3 serotonylation in coordinating placental transcription at the intersection of maternal physiology and offspring brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Chan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashley M Cunningham
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aarthi Ramakrishnan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian Maze
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Ye X, Ghosh S, Shin BC, Ganguly A, Maggiotto L, Jacobs JP, Devaskar SU. Brain serotonin and serotonin transporter expression in male and female postnatal rat offspring in response to perturbed early life dietary exposures. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1363094. [PMID: 38576870 PMCID: PMC10991790 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1363094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Serotonin (5-HT) is critical for neurodevelopment and the serotonin transporter (SERT) modulates serotonin levels. Perturbed prenatal and postnatal dietary exposures affect the developing offspring predisposing to neurobehavioral disorders in the adult. We hypothesized that the postnatal brain 5-HT-SERT imbalance associated with gut dysbiosis forms the contributing gut-brain axis dependent mechanism responsible for such ultimate phenotypes. Methods Employing maternal diet restricted (IUGR, n=8) and high fat+high fructose (HFhf, n=6) dietary modifications, rodent brain serotonin was assessed temporally by ELISA and SERT by quantitative Western blot analysis. Simultaneously, colonic microbiome studies were performed. Results At early postnatal (P) day 2 no changes in the IUGR, but a ~24% reduction in serotonin (p = 0.00005) in the HFhf group occurred, particularly in the males (p = 0.000007) revealing a male versus female difference (p = 0.006). No such changes in SERT concentrations emerged. At late P21 the IUGR group reared on HFhf (IUGR/HFhf, (n = 4) diet revealed increased serotonin by ~53% in males (p = 0.0001) and 36% in females (p = 0.023). While only females demonstrated a ~40% decrease in serotonin (p = 0.010), the males only trended lower without a significant change within the HFhf group (p = 0.146). SERT on the other hand was no different in HFhf or IUGR/RC, with only the female IUGR/HFhf revealing a 28% decrease (p = 0.036). In colonic microbiome studies, serotonin-producing Bacteriodes increased with decreased Lactobacillus at P2, while the serotonin-producing Streptococcus species increased in IUGR/HFhf at P21. Sex-specific changes emerged in association with brain serotonin or SERT in the case of Alistipase, Anaeroplasma, Blautia, Doria, Lactococcus, Proteus, and Roseburia genera. Discussion We conclude that an imbalanced 5-HT-SERT axis during postnatal brain development is sex-specific and induced by maternal dietary modifications related to postnatal gut dysbiosis. We speculate that these early changes albeit transient may permanently alter critical neural maturational processes affecting circuitry formation, thereby perturbing the neuropsychiatric equipoise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and The Neonatal Research Center of the Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shubhamoy Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and The Neonatal Research Center of the Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Bo-Chul Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and The Neonatal Research Center of the Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amit Ganguly
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and The Neonatal Research Center of the Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Liesbeth Maggiotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and The Neonatal Research Center of the Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Jacobs
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sherin U. Devaskar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and The Neonatal Research Center of the Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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3
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Karabulut S, Kaur H, Gauld JW. Uncovering Structure-Activity Relationships of Phenethylamines: Paving the Way for Innovative Mental Health Treatments. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:972-982. [PMID: 38381069 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapidly evolving psychedelic industry has garnered considerable attention due to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy's ground-breaking success in treating moderate-to-severe Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in two Phase 3 clinical trials. This has opened Pandora's box for the development of innovative therapeutic modalities. Of particular interest are the phenethylamines and their ability to inhibit monoamine transporters. In this study, we employed the quantitative structure-activity relationship methodology to develop three vigorous models for the reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine through monoamine transporters. These models were thoroughly validated using various criteria, including fitting (R2DAT = 0.869, R2SERT = 0.828, and R2NET = 0.887), internal (Q2looDAT = 0.795, Q2looSERT = 0.784, and Q2looNET = 0.820), and external (RMSEextDAT = 0.373, R2extDAT = 0.831, RMSEextSERT = 0.200, R2extSERT = 0.955, RMSEextNET = 0.318, and R2extNET = 0.711) criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Karabulut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Pharmala Biotech, 82 Richmond Street E, Toronto, Ontario M5C 1P1, Canada
| | - James W Gauld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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4
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Huang C, van Wijnen AJ, Im HJ. Serotonin Transporter (5-Hydroxytryptamine Transporter, SERT, SLC6A4) and Sodium-dependent Reuptake Inhibitors as Modulators of Pain Behaviors and Analgesic Responses. J Pain 2024; 25:618-631. [PMID: 37852405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (5-hydroxytryptamine transporter [5-HTT], Serotonin Transporter (SERT), SLC6A4) modulates the activity of serotonin via sodium-dependent reuptake. Given the established importance of serotonin in the control of pain, 5-HTT has received much interest in studies of pain states and as a pharmacological target for serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs). Animal models expressing varying levels of 5-HTT activity show marked differences in pain behaviors and analgesic responses, as well as many serotonin-related physiological effects. In humans, functional nucleotide variations in the SLC6A4 gene, which encodes the serotonin transporter 5-HTT, are associated with certain pathologic pain conditions and differences in responses to pharmacological therapy. These findings collectively reflect the importance of 5-HTT in the intricate physiology and management of pain, as well as the scientific and clinical challenges that need to be considered for the optimization of 5-HTT-related analgesic therapies. PERSPECTIVE: The serotonin transporter 5-HTT/SCL6A4 is sensitive to pharmacological SRIs. Experimental studies on the physiological functions of serotonin, as well as genetic mouse models and clinical phenotype/genotype correlations of nucleotide variation in the human 5-HTT/SCL6A4 gene, provide new insights for the use of SRIs in chronic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Anesthesiology, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center (JBVAMC), Chicago, Illinois.
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5
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Ku T, Cao J, Won SJ, Guo J, Camacho-Hernandez GA, Okorom AV, Salomon KW, Lee KH, Loland CJ, Duff HJ, Shi L, Newman AH. Series of (([1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-yl)methyl)sulfinylalkyl Alicyclic Amines as Novel and High Affinity Atypical Dopamine Transporter Inhibitors with Reduced hERG Activity. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:515-532. [PMID: 38357284 PMCID: PMC10863442 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there are no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of psychostimulant use disorders (PSUD). We have previously discovered "atypical" dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors that do not display psychostimulant-like behaviors and may be useful as medications to treat PSUD. Lead candidates (e.g., JJC8-091, 1) have shown promising in vivo profiles in rodents; however, reducing hERG (human ether-à-go-go-related gene) activity, a predictor of cardiotoxicity, has remained a challenge. Herein, a series of 30 (([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)methyl)sulfinylalkyl alicyclic amines was synthesized and evaluated for DAT and serotonin transporter (SERT) binding affinities. A subset of analogues was tested for hERG activity, and the IC50 values were compared to those predicted by our hERG QSAR models, which showed robust predictive power. Multiparameter optimization scores (MPO > 3) indicated central nervous system (CNS) penetrability. Finally, comparison of affinities in human DAT and its Y156F and Y335A mutants suggested that several compounds prefer an inward facing conformation indicating an atypical DAT inhibitor profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese
C. Ku
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Sung Joon Won
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jiqing Guo
- Faculty
of Medicine, Libin Institute, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gisela A. Camacho-Hernandez
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amarachi V. Okorom
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Kristine Walloe Salomon
- Laboratory
for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kuo Hao Lee
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Laboratory
for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henry J. Duff
- Laboratory
for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lei Shi
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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6
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Alves da Silva L, Lazzarin E, Gradisch R, Clarke A, Stockner T. Free energy profile of the substrate-induced occlusion of the human serotonin transporter. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38316690 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) is a member of the Solute Carrier 6 (SLC6) family and is responsible for maintaining the appropriate level of serotonin in the brain. Dysfunction of SERT has been linked to several neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the mechanism on an atomistic level, coupled with a quantification of transporter dynamics and the associated free energies is required. Here, we constructed Markov state models (MSMs) from extensive unbiased molecular dynamics simulations to quantify the free energy profile of serotonin (5HT) triggered SERT occlusion and explored the driving forces of the mechanism of occlusion. Our results reveal that SERT occludes via multiple intermediate conformations and show that the motion of occlusion is energetically downhill for the 5HT-bound transporter. Force distribution analyses show that the interactions of 5HT with the bundle domain are crucial. During occlusion, attractive forces steadily increase and pull on the bundle domain, which leads to SERT occlusion. Some interactions become repulsive upon full occlusion, suggesting that SERT creates pressure on 5HT to promote its movement towards the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Alves da Silva
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Lazzarin
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralph Gradisch
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy Clarke
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Stockner
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Alvarez-Herrera S, Rosel Vales M, Pérez-Sánchez G, Becerril-Villanueva E, Flores-Medina Y, Maldonado-García JL, Saracco-Alvarez R, Escamilla R, Pavón L. Risperidone Decreases Expression of Serotonin Receptor-2A (5-HT2A) and Serotonin Transporter (SERT) but Not Dopamine Receptors and Dopamine Transporter (DAT) in PBMCs from Patients with Schizophrenia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:167. [PMID: 38399382 PMCID: PMC10892557 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dopamine and serotonin receptors and transporters play an essential role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia; changes in their expression have been reported in neurons and leukocytes. Each antipsychotic induces a unique pattern in leukocyte function and phenotype. However, the use of polytherapy to treat schizophrenia makes it challenging to determine the specific effects of risperidone on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the expression of D3, D5, DAT, 5-HT2A, and SERT in PBMCs from healthy volunteers (HV), drug-naive patients with schizophrenia (PWS), drug-free PWS, and PWS treated with risperidone for up to 40 weeks using quantitative PCR. Our study revealed elevated mRNA levels of D3, DAT, 5-HT2A, and SERT in unmedicated PWS. Treatment with risperidone led to a reduction only in the expression of 5-HT2A and SERT. Furthermore, we observed a moderate correlation between 5-HT2A expression and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), as well as SERT expression and PANSS scale. We also found a moderate correlation between 5-HT2A and SERT expression and the positive subscale. The duration of risperidone consumption had a significant negative correlation with the expression of 5-HT2A and SERT. Our study introduces the measurement of 5-HT2A and SERT expression in PBMCs as a useful parameter for assessing the response to risperidone in PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Alvarez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (S.A.-H.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.-V.)
| | - Mauricio Rosel Vales
- Clínica de Esquizofrenia, Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (S.A.-H.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.-V.)
| | - Enrique Becerril-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (S.A.-H.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.-V.)
| | - Yvonne Flores-Medina
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (Y.F.-M.); (R.S.-A.)
| | - José Luis Maldonado-García
- Departamemto de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
- Departamemto de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Saracco-Alvarez
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (Y.F.-M.); (R.S.-A.)
| | - Raúl Escamilla
- Subdirección de Consulta Externa, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (S.A.-H.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.-V.)
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8
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Li M, Zhang X, Chen S, Liu H, Zhang YW. Unique Substrate Recognition and Sodium-Substrate Binding Stoichiometry in a Bacterial Serotonin Transporter, TuriSERT. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17112. [PMID: 38069433 PMCID: PMC10707687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
All resolved high-resolution structures of the transporters in the neurotransmitter sodium symporter (NSS) family revealed that the NSS members share common structural and mechanistic features for substrate and ion binding and transport. However, a recently reported bacterial orthologue of the human serotonin transporter (hSERT), TuriSERT, possesses a structural characteristic specific for amino acid substrate binding but does transport a biogenic amine. The unique structural feature of TuriSERT requires a novel configuration for coordinating its substrate and ions. In the present study, we characterized TuriSERT expressed in Escherichia coli cells with a fluorescent substrate by biochemical, structural, and pharmacological approaches. Substrate transport by TuriSERT requires Na+ but not Cl-. Replacement of Asp262 by asparagine renders TuriSERT Cl--dependent. Substitutions of the corresponding Na1 residues did not alter Na+ dependence on substrate transport, whereas the mutation of a Na2 site residue led to a loss of transport activity, suggesting that Na+ binds only to the Na2 site in TuriSERT. In addition, substitutions of several residues essential for recognizing 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in hSERT had little effect on 5-HT displacement potency in transport assay for TuriSERT. In contrast, mutations of the residues that are proposed to coordinate with 5-HT in our docking model dramatically reduced 5-HT displacement. Furthermore, our results indicated that all tested antidepressants showed a weak inhibitory effect on TuriSERT. The present study demonstrated the existence of a unique substrate binding site and 1:1 stoichiometry of sodium-substrate binding in TuriSERT, a novel structural finding for the NSS transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuan-Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.L.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (H.L.)
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9
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Cui X, Xu Y, Zhu H, Wang L, Zhou J. Long noncoding RNA NONHSAG045500 regulates serotonin transporter to ameliorate depressive-like behavior via the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway in a model of perinatal depression. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2183468. [PMID: 36997170 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2183468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perinatal depression (PND) is the most common complication of childbirth and negatively affects the mother. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) NONHSAG045500 inhibits the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) transporter (i.e. serotonin transporter [SERT]) and produces an antidepressant effect. This study aimed to identify a link between the lncRNA NONHSAG045500 and the pathogenesis of PND. METHODS Female C57BL/6 J mice were divided into normal control group (control group, n = 15), chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model group (PND group, n = 15), lncRNA NONHSAG045500-overexpressed group (LNC group, sublingual intravenous injection of NONHSAG045500 overexpression cells for 7 days, n = 15), and escitalopram treatment group (i.e. the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [SSRI] group, with escitalopram administered from the 10th day after pregnancy to the 10th day after delivery, n = 15). Control group mice were conceived normally, whereas, in the other groups, a CUS model was established before mice were conceived. Depressive-like behaviour was assessed via sucrose preference, forced swimming, and open-field tests. The expression levels of 5-HT, SERT, and cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway-related proteins in the prefrontal cortex were detected on the 10th day after delivery. RESULTS Mice in the PND group exhibited significant depressive-like behaviours compared with those in the control group, indicating that the PND model was successfully established. The expression of lncRNA NONHSAG045500 was markedly decreased in the PND group compared with that in the control group. After treatment, both LNC and SSRI groups showed a significant improvement in depression-like behaviour, and the expression of 5-HT in the prefrontal cortex was increased in these groups compared with that in the PND group. In addition, the LNC group displayed lower expression of SERT and higher expression of cAMP, PKA, and CREB when in comparison to PND group. CONCLUSION NONHSAG045500 mediates the development of PND mainly by activating the cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway, increasing the level of 5-HT, and decreasing the expression of SERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Cui
- Department of Psychology, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yongjuan Xu
- Department of Cervical, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Psychology, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, P.R. China
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10
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Chan JC, Alenina N, Cunningham AM, Ramakrishnan A, Shen L, Bader M, Maze I. Serotonin transporter-dependent histone serotonylation in placenta contributes to the neurodevelopmental transcriptome. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.14.567020. [PMID: 38014301 PMCID: PMC10680709 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Brain development requires appropriate regulation of serotonin (5-HT) signaling from distinct tissue sources across embryogenesis. At the maternal-fetal interface, the placenta is thought to be an important contributor of offspring brain 5-HT and is critical to overall fetal health. Yet, how placental 5-HT is acquired, and the mechanisms through which 5-HT influences placental functions, are not well understood. Recently, our group identified a novel epigenetic role for 5-HT, in which 5-HT can be added to histone proteins to regulate transcription, a process called H3 serotonylation. Here, we show that H3 serotonylation undergoes dynamic regulation during placental development, corresponding to gene expression changes that are known to influence key metabolic processes. Using transgenic mice, we demonstrate that placental H3 serotonylation largely depends on 5-HT uptake by the serotonin transporter (SERT/SLC6A4). SERT deletion robustly reduces enrichment of H3 serotonylation across the placental genome, and disrupts neurodevelopmental gene networks in early embryonic brain tissues. Thus, these findings suggest a novel role for H3 serotonylation in coordinating placental transcription at the intersection of maternal physiology and offspring brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Chan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashley M Cunningham
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aarthi Ramakrishnan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian Maze
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Villanueva-Charbonneau G, Potvin S, Marchand S, McIntyre A, McIntosh D, Bissonnette A, Gendron A, Giguère CÉ, Koué MÈ, Kouassi É. Serotonin Transporter mRNA Expression Is Reduced in the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Subjects with Major Depression but Normal in Fibromyalgia. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1485. [PMID: 37891852 PMCID: PMC10605238 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia (FM) and major depression disorder (MDD) frequently co-occur. Both disorders may share common serotonergic alterations, although there is less evidence of such alterations in FM. It is also unclear as to whether these alterations are persistent over time or transient. The objectives of this study were to (i) examine the changes in mRNA expression of serotonin transporter (SERT) on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in FM, MDD, and the FM + MDD subjects compared to healthy controls, and to (ii) evaluate the effect of drug treatment on SERT expression. METHODS PBMCs were isolated from FM, MDD, FM + MDD, and control subjects. SERT expression was analyzed at the mRNA level via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses were performed using analyses of variance and linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS SERT mRNA expression was significantly reduced in MDD subjects compared to controls (p < 0.001), but not in FM nor in FM + MDD subjects. Although the drug treatments improved symptoms in FM, MDD, and FM + MDD subjects, they had no significant effect on SERT mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS These results corroborate the role of the SERT in the pathophysiology of MDD, but not in FM, and show that the decreased mRNA expression of SERT is a persistent, rather than transient, phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Villanueva-Charbonneau
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; (C.-É.G.); (É.K.)
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; (C.-É.G.); (É.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Serge Marchand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | | | - Diane McIntosh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | | | - Alain Gendron
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mississauga, ON L4Y 1M4, Canada;
| | - Charles-Édouard Giguère
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; (C.-É.G.); (É.K.)
| | - Marie-Ève Koué
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Édouard Kouassi
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada; (C.-É.G.); (É.K.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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12
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Salomon K, Abramyan AM, Plenge P, Wang L, Bundgaard C, Bang-Andersen B, Loland CJ, Shi L. Dynamic extracellular vestibule of human SERT: Unveiling druggable potential with high-affinity allosteric inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304089120. [PMID: 37792512 PMCID: PMC10576121 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304089120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) tightly regulates synaptic serotonin levels and has been the primary target of antidepressants. Binding of inhibitors to the allosteric site of human SERT (hSERT) impedes the dissociation of antidepressants bound at the central site and may enhance the efficacy of such antidepressants to potentially reduce their dosage and side effects. Here, we report the identification of a series of high-affinity allosteric inhibitors of hSERT in a unique scaffold, with the lead compound, Lu AF88273 (3-(1-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-6-chloro-1H-indole), having 2.1 nM allosteric potency in inhibiting imipramine dissociation. In addition, we find that Lu AF88273 also inhibits serotonin transport in a noncompetitive manner. The binding pose of Lu AF88273 in the allosteric site of hSERT is determined with extensive molecular dynamics simulations and rigorous absolute binding free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations, which show that a part of the compound occupies a dynamically formed small cavity. The predicted binding location and pose are validated by site-directed mutagenesis and can explain much of the structure-activity relationship of these inhibitors using the relative binding FEP calculations. Together, our findings provide a promising lead compound and the structural basis for the development of allosteric drugs targeting hSERT. Further, they demonstrate that the divergent allosteric sites of neurotransmitter transporters can be selectively targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Salomon
- Laboratory for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ara M. Abramyan
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
- Schrödinger, Inc., San Diego, CA92121
| | - Per Plenge
- Laboratory for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Christoffer Bundgaard
- Medicinal Chemistry and Translational DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, DK-2500Copenhagen-Valby, Denmark
| | - Benny Bang-Andersen
- Medicinal Chemistry and Translational DMPK, H. Lundbeck A/S, DK-2500Copenhagen-Valby, Denmark
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Laboratory for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, NIH, Baltimore, MD21224
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13
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Koban F, Freissmuth M. The cell cycle protein MAD2 facilitates endocytosis of the serotonin transporter in the neuronal soma. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e53408. [PMID: 37530743 PMCID: PMC10561363 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine transporters retrieve serotonin (SERT), dopamine (DAT), and norepinephrine (NET) from the synaptic cleft. Transporter internalization contributes to the regulation of their surface expression. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins requires adaptor protein-2 (AP2), which recruits cargo to the nascent clathrin cage. However, the intracellular portions of monoamine transporters are devoid of a conventional AP2-binding site. Here, we identify a MAD2 (mitotic arrest deficient-2) interaction motif in the C-terminus of SERT, which binds the closed conformation of MAD2 and allows for the recruitment of two additional mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins, BubR1 and p31comet , and of AP2. We visualize MAD2, BubR1, and p31comet in dorsal raphe neurons, and depletion of MAD2 in primary serotonergic rat neurons decreases SERT endocytosis in the soma. Our findings do not only provide mechanistic insights into transporter internalization but also allow for rationalizing why SAC proteins are present in post-mitotic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Koban
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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14
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Chikamoto N, Fujimoto K, Nakai J, Totani Y, Hatakeyama D, Ito E. Expression Level Changes in Serotonin Transporter are Associated with Food Deprivation in the Pond Snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Zoolog Sci 2023; 40:382-389. [PMID: 37818887 DOI: 10.2108/zs230027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in feeding behavior and its associated learning (e.g., conditioned taste aversion: CTA). The 5-HT content in the central nervous system (CNS) fluctuates with changes in the nutritional status, but it is also expected to be influenced by changes in the serotonin transporter (SERT) expression level. In the present study, we identified SERT in Lymnaea and observed its localization in 5-HTergic neurons, including the cerebral giant cells (CGCs) in the cerebral ganglia and the pedal A cluster neurons and right and left pedal dorsal 1 neurons in the pedal ganglia by in situ hybridization. Real-time PCR revealed that the SERT mRNA expression level was lower under severe food deprivation than under mild food deprivation in the whole CNS as well as in a single CGC. These results inversely correlated with previous data that the 5-HT content in the CNS was higher in the severely food-deprived state than in the mildly food-deprived state. Furthermore, in single CGCs, we observed that the 5-HT level was significantly increased in the severely food-deprived state compared with the mildly food-deprived state. Our present findings suggest that changes in the SERT expression level associated with food deprivation may affect 5-HT signaling, probably contributing to learning and memory mechanisms in Lymnaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Chikamoto
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kanta Fujimoto
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Junko Nakai
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yuki Totani
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Dai Hatakeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan,
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15
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Matsushima-Nishiwaki R, Kamoi S, Kozawa O. Upregulation by duloxetine of the transforming growth factor-α-induced migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via enhancement of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:814-822. [PMID: 37814477 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Duloxetine, a selective reuptake inhibitor for serotonin and norepinephrine, is a medication widely used for major depression. Currently, duloxetine is also recommended for pain related to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy or cancer. Previously, we showed that transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) induces the migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-derived HuH7 cells through the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT. In the present study, we investigate whether duloxetine affects cell migration and its mechanism. Duloxetine significantly enhanced the TGF-α-induced migration of HuH7 cells. Fluvoxamine and sertraline, specific inhibitors of serotonin reuptake, also upregulated the TGF-α-induced cell migration. On the contrary, reboxetine, a specific norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, failed to affect cell migration. Duloxetine significantly amplified the TGF-α-stimulated phosphorylation of JNK, but not p38 MAPK and AKT. In addition, fluvoxamine and sertraline, but not reboxetine, enhanced the phosphorylation of JNK. SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, suppressed the enhancement by duloxetine, fluvoxamine, or sertraline of TGF-α-induced migration of HuH7 cells. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that duloxetine strengthens the TGF-α-induced activation of JNK via inhibition of serotonin reuptake in HCC cells, leading to the enhancement of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Matsushima-Nishiwaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan
| | - Shota Kamoi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan
| | - Osamu Kozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan
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16
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Brown CR, Foster JD. Palmitoylation Regulates Human Serotonin Transporter Activity, Trafficking, and Expression and Is Modulated by Escitalopram. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3431-3443. [PMID: 37644775 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, serotonergic signaling modulates sleep, mood, and cognitive control. During serotonergic transmission, the synaptic concentration of serotonin is tightly controlled in a spatial and temporal manner by the serotonin transporter (SERT). Dysregulation of this process is implicated in the pathogenesis of major-depressive, obsessive-compulsive, and autism-spectrum disorders, which makes SERT a primary target for prescription therapeutics, most notably selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). S-Palmitoylation, the reversible addition of a 16-carbon fatty acid to proteins, is an increasingly recognized dynamic post-translational modification responsible for modulating protein kinetics, trafficking, and localization patterns in response to physiologic/cellular stimuli. In this study, we reveal that human SERTs are a target for palmitoylation, and using the irreversible palmitoyl acyltransferase inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate (2BP), we have identified several associated functions. Using a lower dose of 2BP in shorter time frames, inhibition of palmitoylation was associated with reductions in SERT Vmax, without changes in Km or surface expression. With higher doses of 2BP for longer time intervals, inhibition of palmitoylation was consistent with the loss of cell surface and total SERT protein, suggesting palmitoylation is an important mechanism in regulating SERT trafficking and maintenance of SERT protein through biogenic or anti-degradative processes. Additionally, we have identified that treatment with the SSRI escitalopram decreases SERT palmitoylation analogous to 2BP, reducing SERT surface expression and transport capacity. Ultimately, these results reveal that palmitoylation is a major regulatory mechanism for SERT kinetics and trafficking and may be the mechanism responsible for escitalopram-induced internalization and ultimately decreased cellular SERT protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - James D Foster
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
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17
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Nuñez NA, Coombes BJ, Melhuish Beaupre L, Romo-Nava F, Gardea-Resendez M, Ozerdem A, Veldic M, Singh B, Sanchez Ruiz JA, Cuellar-Barboza A, Leung JG, Prieto ML, McElroy SL, Biernacka JM, Frye MA. Antidepressant-Associated Treatment Emergent Mania: A Meta-Analysis to Guide Risk Modeling Pharmacogenomic Targets of Potential Clinical Value. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 43:428-433. [PMID: 37683232 PMCID: PMC10476595 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to review the association between the SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and antidepressant (AD)-associated treatment emergent mania (TEM) in bipolar disorder alongside starting a discussion on the merits of developing risk stratification models to guide when not to provide AD treatment for bipolar depression. METHODS Studies that examined the association between clinical and genetic risk factors, specifically monoaminergic transporter genetic variation, and TEM were identified. A meta-analysis was performed using the odds ratio to estimate the effect size under the Der-Simonian and Laird model. RESULTS Seven studies, referencing the SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and TEM (total N = 1578; TEM+ =594, TEM- = 984), of 142 identified articles were included. The time duration between the start of the AD to emergence of TEM ranged from 4 to 12 weeks. There was a nominally significant association between the s allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and TEM (odds ratio, 1.434; 95% confidence interval, 1.001-2.055; P = 0.0493; I2 = 52%). No studies have investigated norepinephrine or dopamine transporters. CONCLUSION Although the serotonin transporter genetic variation is commercially available in pharmacogenomic decision support tools, greater efforts, more broadly, should focus on complete genome-wide approaches to determine genetic variants that may contribute to TEM. Moreover, these data are exemplary to the merits of developing risk stratification models, which include both clinical and biological risk factors, to guide when not to use ADs in bipolar disorder. Future studies will need to validate new risk models that best inform the development of personalized medicine best practices treating bipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marin Veldic
- From the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology
| | | | | | | | | | - Miguel L. Prieto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan L. McElroy
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México
| | - Joanna M. Biernacka
- From the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mark A. Frye
- From the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology
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18
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Metaxakis A, Pavlidis M, Tavernarakis N. Neuronal atg1 Coordinates Autophagy Induction and Physiological Adaptations to Balance mTORC1 Signalling. Cells 2023; 12:2024. [PMID: 37626835 PMCID: PMC10453232 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mTORC1 nutrient-sensing pathway integrates metabolic and endocrine signals into the brain to evoke physiological responses to food deprivation, such as autophagy. Nevertheless, the impact of neuronal mTORC1 activity on neuronal circuits and organismal metabolism remains obscure. Here, we show that mTORC1 inhibition acutely perturbs serotonergic neurotransmission via proteostatic alterations evoked by the autophagy inducer atg1. Neuronal ATG1 alters the intracellular localization of the serotonin transporter, which increases the extracellular serotonin and stimulates the 5HTR7 postsynaptic receptor. 5HTR7 enhances food-searching behaviour and ecdysone-induced catabolism in Drosophila. Along similar lines, the pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 in zebrafish also stimulates food-searching behaviour via serotonergic activity. These effects occur in parallel with neuronal autophagy induction, irrespective of the autophagic activity and the protein synthesis reduction. In addition, ectopic neuronal atg1 expression enhances catabolism via insulin pathway downregulation, impedes peptidergic secretion, and activates non-cell autonomous cAMP/PKA. The above exert diverse systemic effects on organismal metabolism, development, melanisation, and longevity. We conclude that neuronal atg1 aligns neuronal autophagy induction with distinct physiological modulations, to orchestrate a coordinated physiological response against reduced mTORC1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Metaxakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michail Pavlidis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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19
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Davies RA, Nguyen VT, Eltit JM, Glennon RA. Structure-Activity Relationships for a Recently Controlled Synthetic Cathinone Dopamine Transporter Reuptake Inhibitor: α-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone (α-PHP). ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2527-2536. [PMID: 37406364 PMCID: PMC10670441 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Pyrrolidinohexiophenone (α-PHP) is the one-carbon unit α-extended homolog of the better-known and widely abused synthetic cathinone central stimulant α-PVP ("flakka"); both are now U.S. Schedule I controlled substances. Structurally, α-PVP and α-PHP possess a common terminal N-pyrrolidine moiety and differ only with respect to the length of their α-alkyl chain. Using a synaptosomal assay, we previously reported that α-PHP is at least as potent as α-PVP as a dopamine transporter (DAT) reuptake inhibitor. A systematic structure-activity study of synthetic cathinones (e.g., α-PHP) as DAT reuptake inhibitors (i.e., transport blockers), a mechanism thought responsible for their abuse liability, has yet to be conducted. Here, we examined a series of 4-substituted α-PHP analogues and found that, with one exception, all behaved as relatively (28- to >300-fold) selective DAT versus serotonin transporter (SERT) reuptake inhibitors with DAT inhibition potencies of most falling within a very narrow (i.e., <3-fold) range. The 4-CF3 analogue of α-PHP was a confirmed "outlier" in that it was at least 80-fold less potent than the other analogues and displayed reduced (i.e., no) DAT vs SERT selectivity. Consideration of various physicochemical properties of the CF3 group, relative to that of the other substituents involved here, provided relatively little insight. Unlike with DAT-releasing agents, as previously reported by us, a QSAR study was precluded because of the limited range of empirical results (with the exception of the 4-CF3 analogue) for DAT reuptake inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Davies
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, Virginia 23298 U.S
| | - Vy T. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, Virginia 23298 U.S
| | - Jose M. Eltit
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, Virginia 23298 U.S
| | - Richard A. Glennon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, Virginia 23298 U.S
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20
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Hoch J, Burkhard N, Zhang S, Rieder M, Marchini T, Geest V, Krauel K, Zahn T, Schommer N, Hamad MA, Bauer C, Gauchel N, Stallmann D, Normann C, Wolf D, Scharf RE, Duerschmied D, Schanze N. Serotonin transporter-deficient mice display enhanced adipose tissue inflammation after chronic high-fat diet feeding. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1184010. [PMID: 37520561 PMCID: PMC10372416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1184010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Serotonin is involved in leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Deficiency of the serotonin transporter (SERT) is associated with metabolic changes in humans and mice. A possible link and interaction between the inflammatory effects of serotonin and metabolic derangements in SERT-deficient mice has not been investigated so far. Methods SERT-deficient (Sert -/-) and wild type (WT) mice were fed a high-fat diet, starting at 8 weeks of age. Metabolic phenotyping (metabolic caging, glucose and insulin tolerance testing, body and organ weight measurements, qPCR, histology) and assessment of adipose tissue inflammation (flow cytometry, histology, qPCR) were carried out at the end of the 19-week high-fat diet feeding period. In parallel, Sert -/- and WT mice received a control diet and were analyzed either at the time point equivalent to high-fat diet feeding or as early as 8-11 weeks of age for baseline characterization. Results After 19 weeks of high-fat diet, Sert -/- and WT mice displayed similar whole-body and fat pad weights despite increased relative weight gain due to lower starting body weight in Sert -/-. In obese Sert -/- animals insulin resistance and liver steatosis were enhanced as compared to WT animals. Leukocyte accumulation and mRNA expression of cytokine signaling mediators were increased in epididymal adipose tissue of obese Sert -/- mice. These effects were associated with higher adipose tissue mRNA expression of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and presence of monocytosis in blood with an increased proportion of pro-inflammatory Ly6C+ monocytes. By contrast, Sert -/- mice fed a control diet did not display adipose tissue inflammation. Discussion Our observations suggest that SERT deficiency in mice is associated with inflammatory processes that manifest as increased adipose tissue inflammation upon chronic high-fat diet feeding due to enhanced leukocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hoch
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Burkhard
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marina Rieder
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Geest
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Krystin Krauel
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Timm Zahn
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schommer
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Muataz Ali Hamad
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carolina Bauer
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Gauchel
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Stallmann
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claus Normann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Eberhard Scharf
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Hemostasis, Hemotherapy, and Transfusion Medicine, Blood and Hemophilia Comprehensive Care Center, Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapy, Heinrich Heine University Medical Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nancy Schanze
- Cardiology and Angiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Domingues RR, Wiltbank MC, Hernandez LL. Maternal serotonin: implications for the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during gestation†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:17-28. [PMID: 37098165 PMCID: PMC10344603 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal use of antidepressants has increased throughout the last decades; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are the most prescribed antidepressants. Despite the widespread use of SSRI by women during reproductive age and pregnant women, an increasing amount of research warns of possible detrimental effects of maternal use of SSRI during pregnancy including low birthweight/small for gestational age and preterm birth. In this review, we revisited the impact of maternal use of SSRI during pregnancy, its impact on serotonin homeostasis in the maternal and fetal circulation and the placenta, and its impact on pregnancy outcomes-particularly intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth. Maternal use of SSRI increases maternal and fetal serotonin. The increase in maternal circulating serotonin and serotonin signaling likely promotes vasoconstriction of the uterine and placental vascular beds decreasing blood perfusion to the uterus and consequently to the placenta and fetus with potential impact on placental function and fetal development. Several adverse pregnancy outcomes are similar between women, sheep, and rodents (decreased placental size, decreased birthweight, shorter gestation length/preterm birth, neonatal morbidity, and mortality) highlighting the importance of animal studies to assess the impacts of SSRI. Herein, we address the complex interactions between maternal SSRI use during gestation, circulating serotonin, and the regulation of blood perfusion to the uterus and fetoplacental unit, fetal growth, and pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R Domingues
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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22
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Zhai J, Sun S, Cheng J, Wang J, Jin G, Xu X, Liu X, Zhao J, Chen C, Zhong W, Wang B. Lactobacillus acidophilus supernatant alleviates osteoporosis by upregulating colonic SERT expression. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:581-593. [PMID: 37424511 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To investigate the involvement of serotonin transporter (SERT) in colonic epithelial cells in the anti-osteoporosis role of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) supernatant (LAS). Methods: The abundance of fecal LA and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with osteoporosis (OP) or severe osteoporosis were assessed. The protective role of LA in osteoporosis and the expression of SERT and relative signaling were evaluated. Results: Abundance of fecal LA was decreased in patients with severe OP and was positively correlated with BMD. Supplementing LAS to mice alleviated senile osteoporosis. In vitro, NOD2/RIP2/NF-κB signaling was inhibited by LAS due to increased SERT expression. Conclusion: LAS alleviates OP in mice by producing protective metabolites and upregulating SERT expression and represents a promising therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhai
- Department of Emergency, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Orthointernal, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuxiu Xu
- Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Kim JH, Kim HK, Lee SW, Son YD, Kim JH. The Relationship between Character Traits and In Vivo Cerebral Serotonin Transporter Availability in Healthy Subjects: A High-Resolution PET Study with C-11 DASB. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050759. [PMID: 37242542 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the potential roles of serotonergic activity in human character traits (i.e., self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence), we investigated the relationship between these character traits and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) in healthy subjects. Twenty-four participants underwent High-Resolution Research Tomograph-positron emission tomography scans with [11C]DASB. To quantify 5-HTT availability, binding potential (BPND) of [11C]DASB was obtained using the simplified reference tissue model. The Temperament and Character Inventory was used to assess subjects' levels of three character traits. There were no significant correlations between the three character traits. Self-directedness was significantly positively correlated with [11C]DASB BPND in the left hippocampus, left middle occipital gyrus, bilateral superior parietal gyrus, left inferior parietal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). Cooperativeness was significantly negatively correlated with [11C]DASB BPND in the median raphe nucleus. Self-transcendence was significantly negatively correlated with [11C]DASB BPND in the right MTG and right ITG. Our results show significant correlations between the three character traits and 5-HTT availability in specific brain regions. In particular, self-directedness was significantly positively correlated with 5-HTT availability, suggesting that a goal-oriented, self-confident, and resourceful character may be related to higher serotonergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hee Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Keun Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wha Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Don Son
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
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Singh I, Seth A, Billesbølle CB, Braz J, Rodriguiz RM, Roy K, Bekele B, Craik V, Huang XP, Boytsov D, Pogorelov VM, Lak P, O'Donnell H, Sandtner W, Irwin JJ, Roth BL, Basbaum AI, Wetsel WC, Manglik A, Shoichet BK, Rudnick G. Structure-based discovery of conformationally selective inhibitors of the serotonin transporter. Cell 2023; 186:2160-2175.e17. [PMID: 37137306 PMCID: PMC10306110 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) removes synaptic serotonin and is the target of anti-depressant drugs. SERT adopts three conformations: outward-open, occluded, and inward-open. All known inhibitors target the outward-open state except ibogaine, which has unusual anti-depressant and substance-withdrawal effects, and stabilizes the inward-open conformation. Unfortunately, ibogaine's promiscuity and cardiotoxicity limit the understanding of inward-open state ligands. We docked over 200 million small molecules against the inward-open state of the SERT. Thirty-six top-ranking compounds were synthesized, and thirteen inhibited; further structure-based optimization led to the selection of two potent (low nanomolar) inhibitors. These stabilized an outward-closed state of the SERT with little activity against common off-targets. A cryo-EM structure of one of these bound to the SERT confirmed the predicted geometry. In mouse behavioral assays, both compounds had anxiolytic- and anti-depressant-like activity, with potencies up to 200-fold better than fluoxetine (Prozac), and one substantially reversed morphine withdrawal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anubha Seth
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
| | - Christian B Billesbølle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joao Braz
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ramona M Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kasturi Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
| | - Bethlehem Bekele
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA
| | - Veronica Craik
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Danila Boytsov
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir M Pogorelov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Parnian Lak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Henry O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Walter Sandtner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - John J Irwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Allan I Basbaum
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Aashish Manglik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St., Byers Hall Suite 508D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Gary Rudnick
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA.
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Tu G, Xu B, Luo D, Liu J, Liu Z, Chen G, Xue W. Multi-state Model-Based Identification of Cryptic Allosteric Sites on Human Serotonin Transporter. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1686-1694. [PMID: 37067527 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin transporter (SERT) plays a fundamental role in taking the synaptic cleft serotonin back to the presynaptic neuron. The discovery of allosteric SERT modulators represents the next-generation medication for psychiatric disorders such as depression. Here, based on the cryo-EM structures of ibogaine in complex with SERT in distinct conformations, the multiple functional structures of the transporter bound to serotonin, including outward-open (OOholo), outward-occluded (OCholo), and inward-open (IOholo and IOholo'), were carefully characterized by induced-fit docking Gaussian-accelerated molecular dynamics (IFD-GaMD) simulation and the free-energy landscape analysis. Further MM/GBSA binding free energy, per-residue contribution, and molecular interaction fingerprint calculations revealed the interaction variations of serotonin with SERT in functional structures, which confirmed the allostery of SERT during serotonin reuptake. Moreover, five unique cryptic allosteric sites, which are druggable and capable of targeting by small molecules, were identified on the characterized multistate structures. These results provide structural and energetic information for the molecular mechanism of serotonin reuptake and will provide opportunities for the development of novel therapeutics based on the identified new allosteric sites on SERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Tu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Binbin Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ding Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zerong Liu
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Credit Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd., Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Credit Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd., Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Weiwei Xue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Budrow C, Elder K, Coyle M, Centner A, Lipari N, Cohen S, Glinski J, Kinzonzi N, Wheelis E, McManus G, Manfredsson F, Bishop C. Broad Serotonergic Actions of Vortioxetine as a Promising Avenue for the Treatment of L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia. Cells 2023; 12:837. [PMID: 36980178 PMCID: PMC10047495 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms that result from loss of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) cells. While L-DOPA provides symptom alleviation, its chronic use often results in the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Evidence suggests that neuroplasticity within the serotonin (5-HT) system contributes to LID onset, persistence, and severity. This has been supported by research showing 5-HT compounds targeting 5-HT1A/1B receptors and/or the 5-HT transporter (SERT) can reduce LID. Recently, vortioxetine, a multimodal 5-HT compound developed for depression, demonstrated acute anti-dyskinetic effects. However, the durability and underlying pharmacology of vortioxetine's anti-dyskinetic actions have yet to be delineated. To address these gaps, we used hemiparkinsonian rats in Experiment 1, examining the effects of sub-chronic vortioxetine on established LID and motor performance. In Experiment 2, we applied the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635 or 5-HT1B antagonist SB-224289 in conjunction with L-DOPA and vortioxetine to determine the contributions of each receptor to vortioxetine's effects. The results revealed that vortioxetine consistently and dose-dependently attenuated LID while independently, 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors each partially reversed vortioxetine's effects. Such findings further support the promise of pharmacological strategies, such as vortioxetine, and indicate that broad 5-HT actions may provide durable responses without significant side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Budrow
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Kayla Elder
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Michael Coyle
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Ashley Centner
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Natalie Lipari
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Sophie Cohen
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - John Glinski
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - N’Senga Kinzonzi
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Emily Wheelis
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Grace McManus
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
| | - Fredric Manfredsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA; (C.B.)
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Adjei K, Adunlin G, Ali AA. Impact of Sertraline, Fluoxetine, and Escitalopram on Psychological Distress among United States Adult Outpatients with a Major Depressive Disorder. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11. [PMID: 36900745 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
How impactful is the use of Sertraline, Fluoxetine, and Escitalopram monotherapy on psychological distress among adults with depression in the real world? Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) longitudinal data files from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2019 (panel 17-23) were used to assess the effects of Sertraline, Fluoxetine and Escitalopram on psychological distress among adult outpatients diagnosed with a major depressive disorder. Participants aged 20-80 years without comorbidities, who initiated antidepressants only at rounds 2 and 3 of each panel, were included. The impact of the medicines on psychological distress was assessed using changes in Kessler Index (K6) scores, which were measured only in rounds 2 and 4 of each panel. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted using the changes in the K6 scores as a dependent variable. A total of 589 participants were included in the study. Overall, 90.79% of the study participants on monotherapy antidepressants reported improved levels of psychological distress. Fluoxetine had the highest improvement rate of 91.87%, followed by Escitalopram (90.38%) and Sertraline (90.27%). The findings on the comparative effectiveness of the three medications were statistically insignificant. Sertraline, Fluoxetine, and Escitalopram were shown to be effective among adult patients suffering from major depressive disorders without comorbid conditions.
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Matuskey D, Gallezot JD, Nabulsi N, Henry S, Torres K, Dias M, Angarita GA, Huang Y, Shoaf SE, Carson RE, Mehrotra S. Neurotransmitter transporter occupancy following administration of centanafadine sustained-release tablets: A phase 1 study in healthy male adults. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:164-171. [PMID: 36515395 PMCID: PMC9912308 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221140008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centanafadine is an inhibitor of reuptake transporters for norepinephrine (NET), dopamine (DAT) and serotonin (SERT). AIMS This phase 1, adaptive-design positron emission tomography study investigated the occupancy time course of NET, DAT, and SERT and the relationship to centanafadine plasma concentrations. METHODS Healthy adult males received centanafadine sustained-release 400 mg/day for 4 days (N = 6) or 800 mg in a single day (N = 4). Assessments included safety monitoring; time course of occupancy of NET, DAT, and SERT; and centanafadine plasma concentrations. RESULTS Transporter occupancy was numerically higher for NET versus DAT or SERT. For NET, estimated (mean ± standard error [SE]) maximal observable target occupancy (TOmax) and concentration at half maximal occupancy (IC50) were 64 ± 7% and 132 ± 65 ng/mL, respectively, for all regions and 82 ± 13% and 135 ± 97 ng/mL after excluding the thalamus, which showed high nonspecific binding. For DAT and SERT, TOmax could not be established and was assumed to be 100%; estimated IC50 (mean ± SE) values were 1580 ± 186 ng/mL and 1,760 ± 309 ng/mL, respectively. For centanafadine, the estimated in vivo affinity ratio was 11.9 ± 6.0 (mean ± SE) for NET/DAT, 13.3 ± 7.0 for NET/SERT, and 1.1 ± 0.2 for DAT/SERT. DAT and SERT occupancies at a plasma concentration of 1400 ng/mL were estimated to be 47 and 44%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS High occupancy at NET and moderate occupancy at DAT and SERT was observed at peak concentrations achieved following 400 mg total daily doses of centanafadine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale
University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale
University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean-Dominique Gallezot
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shannan Henry
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristen Torres
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark Dias
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gustavo A Angarita
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale
University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susan E Shoaf
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development &
Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
- Susan E Shoaf, Otsuka Pharmaceutical
Development & Commercialization, Inc., 508 Carnegie Center, Princeton, NJ
08540, USA.
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical
Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shailly Mehrotra
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development &
Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
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Lee H, Sung YH, Hwang KH. Additional Role of Midbrain F-18 FP-CIT Uptake on PET in Evaluation of Essential Tremor and Parkinsonism. Curr Med Imaging 2023:CMIR-EPUB-129053. [PMID: 36734891 DOI: 10.2174/1573405619666230124142725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinsonism is a term used for the collection of clinical features that cause movement disorders similar to those in Parkinson's disease. Accurate differentiation of these disorders is critical for the treatment and prognosis of any disease. Fluorine-18 N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2βcarboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane (F-18 FP-CIT) has been used in the evaluation of parkinsonism by its uptake in the dopamine active transporter (DAT) of the striatum. Its uptake in other areas of the brain, such as serotonin transporters (SERT) in the midbrain or thalamus, is also recognised. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether midbrain SERT uptake of F-18 FP-CIT on positron emission tomography (PET) could be applied to the differentiation of parkinsonism in combination with striatal DAT uptake. METHODS This retrospective study included clinically diagnosed three essential tremors (ET), 53 parkinsonism patients (21 idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD), 6 multiple system atrophy - cerebellar type (MSA-C), 7 multiple system atrophy - parkinsonian type (MSA-P), 8 vascular parkinsonism (VP), and 11 drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP)), and 16 healthy controls. The patient group consisted of 29 men and 27 women (age mean ± SD years, 69.9 ± 8.5 and 69.2 ± 8.9, respectively), and the healthy controls consisted of 8 men and 8 women (age mean ± SD years, 64.5 ± 8.2 and 64.3 ± 7.6, respectively). Mean standardized uptake values (SUVs) and activity volumes were measured from the visualized FP-CIT uptake of the midbrain (substantia nigra and dorsal raphe nucleus) as well as the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen). The mean SUVs of the occipital region were measured as the background activity. The semiquantitative binding ratio (BR) was calculated using the following formula: BR = (SUVmean of the region of interest - SUVmean of background)/SUVmean of the background. SUV, volume, and BR in each type of parkinsonism were compared with those in healthy controls using both nonparametric and parametric methods. The correlation between the visual score of the qualitative analysis and the BR was examined. RESULTS Except for the dorsal raphe nucleus in VP, the midbrain BRs in all parkinsonism showed a statistically significant decrease compared to those in healthy controls. Both midbrain and striatal BRs were significantly decreased only in patients with IPD or MSA-P; a greater decrease of substantia nigra BR was identified in MSA-P than in IPD (p < 0.05). The striatal BRs in MSA-C, VP, and DIP showed no significant difference from those in healthy controls. Finally, four patterns of uptake were identified:1) decreased striatal and midbrain uptake for IPD and MSA-P, 2) normal striatal uptake and decreased midbrain uptake (both substantia nigra and dorsal raphe nucleus) for MSA-C and DIP, 3) normal striatal uptake and decreased substantia nigra uptake (without decreased dorsal raphe nucleus uptake) for VP, and 4) normal striatal and midbrain uptake for ET. CONCLUSION The possible differential diagnoses were split into two groups when only striatal uptake was considered but they were divided into four groups after adding midbrain uptake. Although additional midbrain F-18 FP-CIT uptake still could not make a final definitive diagnosis, it could provide another piece of information and specific diagnostic guidelines for the differentiation of parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejun Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Young Hee Sung
- Department of Neurology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
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West AM, Holleran KM, Jones SR. Kappa Opioid Receptors Reduce Serotonin Uptake and Escitalopram Efficacy in the Mouse Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032080. [PMID: 36768403 PMCID: PMC9916942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin and kappa opioid receptor (KOR) systems are strongly implicated in disorders of negative affect, such as anxiety and depression. KORs expressed on axon terminals inhibit the release of neurotransmitters, including serotonin. The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is involved in regulating affective behaviors. It receives the densest serotonergic innervation in the brain and has high KOR expression; however, the influence of KORs on serotonin transmission in this region is yet to be explored. Here, we used ex vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to investigate the effects of a KOR agonist, U50, 488 (U50), and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, escitalopram, on serotonin release and reuptake in the SNr. U50 alone reduced serotonin release and uptake, and escitalopram alone augmented serotonin release and slowed reuptake, while pretreatment with U50 blunted both the release and uptake effects of escitalopram. Here, we show that the KOR influences serotonin signaling in the SNr in multiple ways and short-term activation of the KOR alters serotonin responses to escitalopram. These interactions between KORs and serotonin may contribute to the complexity in the responses to treatments for disorders of negative affect. Ultimately, the KOR system may prove to be a promising pharmacological target, alongside traditional antidepressant treatments.
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Bhat S, El-Kasaby A, Kasture A, Boytsov D, Reichelt JB, Hummel T, Sucic S, Pifl C, Freissmuth M, Sandtner W. A mechanism of uncompetitive inhibition of the serotonin transporter. eLife 2023; 12:e82641. [PMID: 36648438 PMCID: PMC9883013 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT/SLC6A4) is arguably the most extensively studied solute carrier (SLC). During its eponymous action - that is, the retrieval of serotonin from the extracellular space - SERT undergoes a conformational cycle. Typical inhibitors (antidepressant drugs and cocaine), partial and full substrates (amphetamines and their derivatives), and atypical inhibitors (ibogaine analogues) bind preferentially to different states in this cycle. This results in competitive or non-competitive transport inhibition. Here, we explored the action of N-formyl-1,3-bis (3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-prop-2-yl-amine (ECSI#6) on SERT: inhibition of serotonin uptake by ECSI#6 was enhanced with increasing serotonin concentration. Conversely, the KM for serotonin was lowered by augmenting ECSI#6. ECSI#6 bound with low affinity to the outward-facing state of SERT but with increased affinity to a potassium-bound state. Electrophysiological recordings showed that ECSI#6 preferentially interacted with the inward-facing state. Kinetic modeling recapitulated the experimental data and verified that uncompetitive inhibition arose from preferential binding of ECSI#6 to the K+-bound, inward-facing conformation of SERT. This binding mode predicted a pharmacochaperoning action of ECSI#6, which was confirmed by examining its effect on the folding-deficient mutant SERT-PG601,602AA: preincubation of HEK293 cells with ECSI#6 restored export of SERT-PG601,602AA from the endoplasmic reticulum and substrate transport. Similarly, in transgenic flies, the administration of ECSI#6 promoted the delivery of SERT-PG601,602AA to the presynaptic specialization of serotonergic neurons. To the best of our knowledge, ECSI#6 is the first example of an uncompetitive SLC inhibitor. Pharmacochaperones endowed with the binding mode of ECSI#6 are attractive, because they can rescue misfolded transporters at concentrations, which cause modest transport inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Bhat
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ali El-Kasaby
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ameya Kasture
- Department of Neurobiology, University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Danila Boytsov
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Julian B Reichelt
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Neurobiology, University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sonja Sucic
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christian Pifl
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Walter Sandtner
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Lim J, Bang Y, Kim KM, Choi HJ. Differentiated HT22 cells as a novel model for in vitro screening of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1062650. [PMID: 36703746 PMCID: PMC9871236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1062650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 is frequently used as an in vitro model to investigate the role of hippocampal cholinergic neurons in cognitive functions. HT22 cells are derived from hippocampal neuronal HT4 cells. However, whether these cells exhibit the serotonergic neuronal phenotype observed in mature hippocampal neurons has not been determined yet. In this present study, we examined whether the differentiation of HT22 cells enhances the serotonergic neuronal phenotype, and if so, whether it can be used for antidepressant screening. Our results show that differentiation of HT22 cells promoted neurite outgrowth and upregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and choline acetyltransferase, which is similar to that observed in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, proteins required for serotonergic neurotransmission, such as tryptophan hydroxylase 2, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)1a receptor, and serotonin transporter (SERT), were significantly upregulated in differentiated HT22 cells. The transcription factor Pet-1 was upregulated during HT22 differentiation and was responsible for the regulation of the serotonergic neuronal phenotype. Differentiation also enhanced the functional serotonergic properties of HT22 cells, as evidenced by increase in intracellular 5-HT levels, serotonin transporter SERT glycosylation, and 5-HT reuptake activity. The sensitivity of 5-HT reuptake inhibition by venlafaxine in differentiated HT22 cells (IC50, 27.21 nM) was comparable to that in HEK293 cells overexpressing serotonin transporter SERT (IC50, 30.65 nM). These findings suggest that the differentiation of HT22 cells enhances their functional serotonergic properties, and these cells could be a potential in vitro system for assessing the efficacy of antidepressant 5-HT reuptake inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Lim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Yeojin Bang
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Man Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea,*Correspondence: Hyun Jin Choi,
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Smith GS, Kuwabara H, Yan H, Nassery N, Yoon M, Kamath V, Kraut M, Gould NF, Savonenko A, Coughlin JM, Lodge M, Pomper MG, Nandi A, Holt D, Dannals RF, Leoutsakos JM. Serotonin Degeneration and Amyloid-β Deposition in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Relationship to Cognitive Deficits. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:215-227. [PMID: 37718818 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathological and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated degeneration of the serotonin system in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroimaging studies have extended these observations to the preclinical stages of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Serotonin degeneration has been observed also in transgenic amyloid mouse models, prior to widespread cortical distribution of amyloid-β (Aβ). OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the regional distribution of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and of Aβ in individuals with MCI and healthy older controls, as well as the contribution of 5-HTT and Aβ to cognitive deficits. METHODS Forty-nine MCI participants and 45 healthy older controls underwent positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of 5-HTT and Aβ, structural magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological assessments. RESULTS Lower cortical, striatal, and limbic 5-HTT and higher cortical Aβ was observed in MCIs relative to healthy controls. Lower 5-HTT, mainly in limbic regions, was correlated with greater deficits in auditory-verbal and visual-spatial memory and semantic, not phonemic fluency. Higher cortical A β was associated with greater deficits in auditory-verbal and visual-spatial memory and in semantic, not phonemic fluency. When modeling the association between cognition, gray matter volumes and Aβ, inclusion of 5-HTT in limbic and in select cortical regions significantly improved model fit for auditory-verbal and visual-spatial memory and semantic, but not phonemic fluency. CONCLUSIONS These results support the role of serotonin degeneration in the memory and semantic fluency deficits observed in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenn S Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hiroto Kuwabara
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haijuan Yan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Najlla Nassery
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vidya Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Kraut
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neda F Gould
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alena Savonenko
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer M Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin Lodge
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ayon Nandi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Holt
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert F Dannals
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeannie M Leoutsakos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Fidalgo S, Yeoman MS. Age-Related Changes in Central Nervous System 5-Hydroxytryptamine Signalling and Its Potential Effects on the Regulation of Lifespan. Subcell Biochem 2023; 102:379-413. [PMID: 36600141 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and the periphery. Most 5-HT (~99%) is found in the periphery where it regulates the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is an important regulator of platelet aggregation. However, the remaining 1% that is found in the central nervous system (CNS) can regulate a range of physiological processes such as learning and memory formation, mood, food intake, sleep, temperature and pain perception. More recent work on the CNS of invertebrate model systems has shown that 5-HT can directly regulate lifespan.This chapter will focus on detailing how CNS 5-HT signalling is altered with increasing age and the potential consequences this has on its ability to regulate lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark S Yeoman
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom.
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Griebsch NI, Kern J, Hansen J, Rullmann M, Luthardt J, Helfmeyer S, Dekorsy FJ, Soeder M, Hankir MK, Zientek F, Becker GA, Patt M, Meyer PM, Dietrich A, Blüher M, Ding YS, Hilbert A, Sabri O, Hesse S. Central Serotonin/Noradrenaline Transporter Availability and Treatment Success in Patients with Obesity. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12111437. [PMID: 36358364 PMCID: PMC9688491 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) as well as noradrenaline (NA) are key modulators of various fundamental brain functions including the control of appetite. While manipulations that alter brain serotoninergic signaling clearly affect body weight, studies implicating 5-HT transporters and NA transporters (5-HTT and NAT, respectively) as a main drug treatment target for human obesity have not been conclusive. The aim of this positron emission tomography (PET) study was to investigate how these central transporters are associated with changes of body weight after 6 months of dietary intervention or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in order to assess whether 5-HTT as well as NAT availability can predict weight loss and consequently treatment success. The study population consisted of two study cohorts using either the 5-HTT-selective radiotracer [11C]DASB to measure 5-HTT availability or the NAT-selective radiotracer [11C]MRB to assess NAT availability. Each group included non-obesity healthy participants, patients with severe obesity (body mass index, BMI, >35 kg/m2) following a conservative dietary program (diet) and patients undergoing RYGB surgery within a 6-month follow-up. Overall, changes in BMI were not associated with changes of both 5-HTT and NAT availability, while 5-HTT availability in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) prior to intervention was associated with substantial BMI reduction after RYGB surgery and inversely related with modest BMI reduction after diet. Taken together, the data of our study indicate that 5-HTT and NAT are involved in the pathomechanism of obesity and have the potential to serve as predictors of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Kern
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonas Hansen
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Jena University Hospital, University of Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Luthardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Helfmeyer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska J. Dekorsy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marvin Soeder
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohammed K. Hankir
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Zientek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp M. Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Abdominal, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yu-Shin Ding
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Li M, Chen Q, Zhang YW. Determining Ligand and Ion-Induced Conformational Changes in Serotonin Transporter with Its Fluorescent Substrates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10919. [PMID: 36142837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Conformational changes are fundamental events in the transport mechanism. The serotonin transporter (SERT) catalyzes reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin after its release by serotonergic neurons and is the molecular target for antidepressant drugs and psychostimulants. Despite significant progress in characterizing the structure-function relationship of SERT, its conformational mechanism has not been fully understood. We present here a cell-based method for determining conformational changes in SERT with its fluorescent substrates by fluorescence imaging analysis. This method fluorometrically measures accessibility of strategically positioned cysteine residues in the substrate permeation pathway to calculate the rate constants of reactivity with MTS reagents in live or permeabilized cells. We validated this method by investigating ligand and ion-induced conformational changes in both the extracellular and cytoplasmic pathways of SERT. Furthermore, we applied this method for examining the influence of Cl- binding and vilazodone inhibition on SERT conformation. Our results showed that Cl- ion, in the presence of Na+, facilitates the conformational conversion from outward to inward open states, and that vilazodone binding stabilizes SERT in an outward open and inward-closed conformation. The present work provided insights into the conformational mechanism of SERT and also indicated that the cell-based fluorometric method is robust, straightforward to perform, and potentially applicable to any monoamine transporters in exploring the transport mechanism and mechanism of action of therapeutic agents for the treatment of several psychiatric disorders.
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Bowman MA, Gomez JA, Mitchell NC, Wells AM, Vitela M, Clarke KM, Horton RE, Koek W, Daws LC. Faster Serotonin Clearance in CA3 Region of Hippocampus and Antidepressant-like Effect of Decynium-22 in Juvenile Mice Are Putatively Linked to Increased Plasma Membrane Monoamine Transporter Function: Implications for Efficacy of Antidepressants in Juveniles. Cells 2022; 11:2454. [PMID: 35954298 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are less efficacious in treating depression in children than in adults. SSRIs block serotonin uptake via the high-affinity, low-capacity serotonin transporter. However, the low-affinity, high-capacity organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) and plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) are emerging as important players in serotonin uptake. We hypothesized that OCT3 and/or PMAT are functionally upregulated in juveniles, thereby buffering SSRIs' ability to enhance serotonergic neurotransmission. Unlike in adult mice, we found the OCT/PMAT blocker, decynium-22, to have standalone antidepressant-like effects in juveniles. Using in vivo high-speed chronoamperometry, we found that juveniles clear serotonin from the CA3 region of the hippocampus ~2-fold faster than adult mice. Cell density did not differ between ages, suggesting that faster serotonin clearance in juveniles is unrelated to faster diffusion through the extracellular matrix. Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that juvenile mice have modestly greater expression of PMAT than adults, whereas OCT3 expression in the CA3 region of the hippocampus was similar between ages. Together, these data suggest that faster serotonin clearance and antidepressant-like effects of decynium-22 in juvenile mice may be due to functionally upregulated PMAT. Faster serotonin clearance via PMAT in juveniles may contribute to reduced therapeutic efficacy of SSRIs in children relative to adults.
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Bartlett EA, Zanderigo F, Shieh D, Miller J, Hurley P, Rubin-Falcone H, Oquendo MA, Sublette ME, Ogden RT, Mann JJ. Serotonin transporter binding in major depressive disorder: impact of serotonin system anatomy. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3417-3424. [PMID: 35487966 PMCID: PMC9616969 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) binding deficits are reported in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, most studies have not considered serotonin system anatomy when parcellating brain regions of interest (ROIs). We now investigate 5-HTT binding in MDD in two novel ways: (1) use of a 5-HTT tract-based analysis examining binding along serotonergic axons; and (2) using the Copenhagen University Hospital Neurobiology Research Unit (NRU) 5-HT Atlas, based on brain-wide binding patterns of multiple serotonin receptor types. [11C]DASB 5-HTT PET scans were obtained in 60 unmedicated participants with MDD in a current depressive episode and 31 healthy volunteers (HVs). Binding potential (BPP) was quantified with empirical Bayesian estimation in graphical analysis (EBEGA). Within the [11C]DASB tract, the MDD group showed significantly lower BPP compared with HVs (p = 0.02). This BPP diagnosis difference also significantly varied by tract location (p = 0.02), with the strongest MDD binding deficit most proximal to brainstem raphe nuclei. NRU 5-HT Atlas ROIs showed a BPP diagnosis difference that varied by region (p < 0.001). BPP was lower in MDD in 3/10 regions (p-values < 0.05). Neither [11C]DASB tract or NRU 5-HT Atlas BPP correlated with depression severity, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt history, or antidepressant medication exposure. Future studies are needed to determine the causes of this deficit in 5-HTT binding being more pronounced in proximal axon segments and in only a subset of ROIs for the pathogenesis of MDD. Such regional specificity may have implications for targeting antidepressant treatment, and may extend to other serotonin-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Bartlett
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denise Shieh
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Miller
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Hurley
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harry Rubin-Falcone
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Todd Ogden
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Ye RR, Jiang S, Xu X, Lu Y, Wang YJ, Liu JG. Dezocine as a potent analgesic: overview of its pharmacological characterization. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1646-57. [PMID: 34737418 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dezocine, a synthetic opioid, introduced in 1970s as an analgesic, was redeveloped for relieving moderate to severe pain by Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group in China in 2009. To date, dezocine occupies 45% of China's opioid analgesic market. Along with dezocine being a dominated painkiller, a certain amount of research was conducted to elucidate dezocine's action. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the receptor, preclinical and clinical pharmacology of dezocine. Briefly, preclinical data show that dezocine is effective under varying pain conditions, particularly chronic neuropathic pain and cancer pain, through activation of opioid receptors, and inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake. Clinical data establish the effectiveness of dezocine either as a primary analgesic for postoperative pain management or a supplement for balanced analgesia. The receptor profile of dezocine is different from known pure μ agonists, and allows it to be used in combination with other opioids for additivity in efficacy or lower incidence of adverse effects.
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Ramesh V, Venkatesan V, Ramasamy B. Role of serotonin transporter and receptor gene polymorphisms in treatment response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in major depressive disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol 2022; 37:e2830. [PMID: 34994008 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Significant challenges in the management of major depressive disorder include the lag period from treatment initiation to an evident response, low response rates and unpredictable disparities in outcome between patients. As a large part of these has been linked to genetic mechanisms, we tried to establish a relationship between genes associated with serotonin neurotransmission and outcome to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment. METHODS One hundred and twenty-five patients with moderate to severe depression [at least 15 on the Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) Rating Scale] being started on SSRI were recruited. Those with a reduction of at least 50% from baseline or an absolute score of 7 or less after 8 weeks of treatment were considered as responders. The serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region 5HTTLPR, serotonin transporter intron 2 (STin2) polymorphism and the 5-HT receptor 1A rs6295 polymorphisms were studied in association with outcome. RESULTS The l/l genotype of the 5HTTLPR was associated with greater likelihood of response (OR: 4.65, CI: 1.74-12.38, p = 0.003). Patients with the 12/12 repeat variant of the STin2 VNTR polymorphism showed a greater reduction in HAM-D score, compared to patients with the 10/10 genotype (OR: 0.12, CI: 0.03-0.44, p = 0.001). We found no association of the 5HTR1Ars6295 polymorphism with response. CONCLUSIONS The 5HTTLPR polymorphism and the SLC6A4 intron 2 polymorphism were associated with treatment response, with the l/l genotype and 12-copy allele showing a tendency towards better outcomes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Vettriselvi Venkatesan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Balakrishnan Ramasamy
- Department of Psychiatry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Wong NM, Dipasquale O, Turkheimer F, Findon JL, Wichers RH, Dimitrov M, Murphy CM, Stoencheva V, Robertson DM, Murphy DG, Daly E, McAlonan GM. Differences in social brain function in autism spectrum disorder are linked to the serotonin transporter: A randomised placebo-controlled single-dose crossover trial. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:723-731. [PMID: 35491679 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221092509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the serotonergic control of brain pathways responsible for facial emotion processing in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be a target for intervention. However, the molecular underpinnings of autistic-neurotypical serotonergic differences are challenging to access in vivo. Receptor-Enriched Analysis of functional Connectivity by Targets (REACT) has helped define molecular-enriched functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain networks based on a priori information about the spatial distribution of neurochemical systems from available PET templates. METHODS We used REACT to estimate the dominant fMRI signal related to the serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) distribution during processing of aversive facial emotion in adults with and without ASD. We first predicted a group difference in baseline (placebo) functioning of this system. We next used a single 20 mg oral dose of citalopram, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, to test the hypothesis that network activity in people with and without ASD would respond differently to inhibition of SERT. To confirm the specificity of our findings, we also repeated the analysis with 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A and 5-HT4 receptor maps. RESULTS Using REACT with the SERT map, we found a baseline group difference in the SERT-enriched response to faces in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. A single oral dose of citalopram 'shifted' the response in the ASD group towards the neurotypical baseline but did not alter response in the control group. Similar differences in SERT-enriched response were observed after controlling for other 5-HT maps. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the SERT-enriched functional network is dynamically different in ASD during processing of socially relevant stimuli. Whether this acute neurobiological response to citalopram in ASD translates to a clinical target will be an important next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichol Ml Wong
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK.,Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ottavia Dipasquale
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James L Findon
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert H Wichers
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism and ADHD Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mihail Dimitrov
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Clodagh M Murphy
- Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism and ADHD Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Vladimira Stoencheva
- Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism and ADHD Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dene M Robertson
- Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism and ADHD Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eileen Daly
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Grainne M McAlonan
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
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Armand S, Ozenne B, Svart N, Frøkjaer VG, Knudsen GM, Fisher PM, Stenbaek DS. Brain serotonin transporter is associated with cognitive-affective biases in healthy individuals. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4174-4184. [PMID: 35607850 PMCID: PMC9374883 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive affective biases describe the tendency to process negative information or positive information over the other. These biases can be modulated by changing extracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels in the brain, for example, by pharmacologically blocking and downregulating the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), which remediates negative affective bias. This suggests that higher levels of 5-HTT are linked to a priority of negative information over positive, but this link remains to be tested in vivo in healthy individuals. We, therefore, evaluated the association between 5-HTT levels, as measured with [11 C]DASB positron emission tomography (PET), and affective biases, hypothesising that higher 5-HTT levels are associated with a more negative bias. We included 98 healthy individuals with measures of [11 C]DASB binding potential (BPND ) and affective biases using The Emotional Faces Identification Task by subtracting the per cent hit rate for happy from that of sad faces (EFITAB ). We evaluated the association between [11 C]DASB BPND and EFITAB in a linear latent variable model, with the latent variable (5-HTTLV ) modelled from [11 C]DASB BPND in the fronto-striatal and fronto-limbic networks implicated in affective cognition. We observed an inverse association between 5-HTTLV and EFITAB (β = -8% EFITAB per unit 5-HTTLV , CI = -14% to -3%, p = .002). These findings show that higher 5-HTT levels are linked to a more negative bias in healthy individuals. High 5-HTT supposedly leads to high clearance of 5-HT, and thus, a negative bias could result from low extracellular 5-HT. Future studies must reveal if a similar inverse association exists in individuals with affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Armand
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Svart
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe G Frøkjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick M Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea S Stenbaek
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BrainDrugs, Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Witt CE, Mena S, Honan LE, Batey L, Salem V, Ou Y, Hashemi P. Low-Frequency Oscillations of In Vivo Ambient Extracellular Brain Serotonin. Cells 2022; 11:1719. [PMID: 35626755 PMCID: PMC9139485 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is an important neurotransmitter that plays a major role in many aspects of neuroscience. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry measures fast in vivo serotonin dynamics using carbon fiber microelectrodes. More recently, fast-scan controlled-adsorption voltammetry (FSCAV) has been developed to measure slower, minute-to-minute changes in ambient extracellular serotonin. We have previously demonstrated that FSCAV measurements of basal serotonin levels give critical information regarding brain physiology and disease. In this work, we revealed the presence of low-periodicity fluctuations in serotonin levels in mouse hippocampi, measured in vivo with FSCAV. Using correlation analyses, we found robust evidence of oscillations in the basal serotonin levels, which had a period of 10 min and were not present in vitro. Under control conditions, the oscillations did not differ between male and female mice, nor do they differ between mice that underwent a chronic stress paradigm and those in the control group. After the acute administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, we observed a shift in the frequency of the oscillations, leading us to hypothesize that the newly observed fluctuations were transporter regulated. Finally, we optimized the experimental parameters of the FSCAV to measure at a higher temporal resolution and found more pronounced shifts in the oscillation frequency, along with a decreased oscillation amplitude. We postulate that this work may serve as a potential bridge for studying serotonin/endocrine interactions that occur on the same time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colby E. Witt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (C.E.W.); (L.E.H.); (Y.O.)
| | - Sergio Mena
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (S.M.); (L.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Lauren E. Honan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (C.E.W.); (L.E.H.); (Y.O.)
| | - Lauren Batey
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (S.M.); (L.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Victoria Salem
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (S.M.); (L.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Yangguang Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (C.E.W.); (L.E.H.); (Y.O.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Parastoo Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (C.E.W.); (L.E.H.); (Y.O.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (S.M.); (L.B.); (V.S.)
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Patodia S, Somani A, Liu J, Cattaneo A, Paradiso B, Garcia M, Othman M, Diehl B, Devinsky O, Mills JD, Foong J, Thom M. Serotonin transporter in the temporal lobe, hippocampus and amygdala in SUDEP. Brain Pathol 2022; 32:e13074. [PMID: 35478467 PMCID: PMC9425018 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence link deficient serotonin function and SUDEP. Chronic treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) reduces ictal central apnoea, a risk factor for SUDEP. Reduced medullary serotonergic neurones, modulators of respiration in response to hypercapnia, were reported in a SUDEP post‐mortem series. The amygdala and hippocampus have high serotonergic innervation and are functionally implicated in seizure‐related respiratory dysregulation. We explored serotonergic networks in mesial temporal lobe structures in a surgical and post‐mortem epilepsy series in relation to SUDEP risk. We stratified 75 temporal lobe epilepsy patients with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE/HS) into high (N = 16), medium (N = 11) and low risk (N = 48) groups for SUDEP based on generalised seizure frequency. We also included the amygdala in 35 post‐mortem cases, including SUDEP (N = 17), epilepsy controls (N = 10) and non‐epilepsy controls (N = 8). The immunohistochemistry labelling index (LI) and axonal length (AL) of serotonin transporter (SERT)‐positive axons were quantified in 13 regions of interest with image analysis. SERT LI was highest in amygdala and subiculum regions. In the surgical series, higher SERT LI was observed in high risk than low risk cases in the dentate gyrus, CA1 and subiculum (p < 0.05). In the post‐mortem cases higher SERT LI and AL was observed in the basal and accessory basal nuclei of the amygdala and peri‐amygdala cortex in SUDEP compared to epilepsy controls (p < 0.05). Patients on SRI showed higher SERT in the dentate gyrus (p < 0.005) and CA4 (p < 0.05) but there was no difference in patients with or without a psychiatric history. Higher SERT in hippocampal subfields in TLE/HS cases with SUDEP risk factors and higher amygdala SERT in post‐mortem SUDEP cases than epilepsy controls supports a role for altered serotonergic networks involving limbic regions in SUDEP. This may be of functional relevance through reduced 5‐HT availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Patodia
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alyma Somani
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Joan Liu
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alice Cattaneo
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Beatrice Paradiso
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Maria Garcia
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Muhammad Othman
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Beate Diehl
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Departments of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- NYU Langone Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - James D Mills
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK.,Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jackie Foong
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Departments of Psychiatry, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Maria Thom
- Department of clinical and experimental epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Departments of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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Landoni M, Dalla Muta A, Di Tella S, Ciuffo G, Di Blasio P, Ionio C. Parenting and the Serotonin Transporter Gene (5HTTLPR), Is There an Association? A Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19074052. [PMID: 35409736 PMCID: PMC8997909 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The current systematic review examines whether there is an association between the genetic 5-HTTPLR polymorphism and parenting, and the mechanisms by which this association operates. The literature was searched in various databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. In line with our inclusion criteria, nine articles were eligible out of 22. Most of the studies analysed in this review found an association between 5HTTLPR and parenting. Four studies found a direct association between 5-HTTLPR and parenting with conflicting findings: two studies found that mothers carrying the short variant were more sensitive to their infants, while two studies found that parents carrying the S allele were less sensitive. In addition, several studies found strong interaction between genetic and environmental factors, such as childhood stress and disruptive child behaviour, quality of early care experiences, poor parenting environment, and quality of the environment. Only one study found an association between children's 5HTTLPR and parenting. Parenting can be described as a highly complex construct influenced by multiple factors, including the environment, as well as parent and child characteristics. According to the studies, maternal 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is most likely to be associated with sensitive parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Landoni
- CRIdee, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (P.D.B.); (C.I.)
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (A.D.M.); (S.D.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alice Dalla Muta
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (A.D.M.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Sonia Di Tella
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (A.D.M.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Giulia Ciuffo
- CRIdee, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (P.D.B.); (C.I.)
| | - Paola Di Blasio
- CRIdee, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (P.D.B.); (C.I.)
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (A.D.M.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Chiara Ionio
- CRIdee, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (P.D.B.); (C.I.)
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy; (A.D.M.); (S.D.T.)
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Gao J, Gao R, Li H, Liu X, Gao P, Du J, Jiang H, Zhang X. BGIG10116_34868: A Newly Discovered Gene Regulating Ejaculation Function. Front Physiol 2022; 13:762272. [PMID: 35295563 PMCID: PMC8919286 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.762272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ejaculation is a complex biphasic process involving a series of neurophysiological activities, such as the contraction of a large number of muscle groups and the ejaculation of semen from the urethra anterior. Due to the complexity of the process, many related factors have not been fully clarified, resulting in ejaculation dysfunction. As a common ejaculation dysfunction, lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) is a problem for many people. Notably, gene polymorphism might play an important role in the etiology of LPE. However, the quest for identifying the actual genetic loci that contribute to LPE etiology has not been successful. Due to discrepancies in the design and methods of research, the correlation of most reports was not obtained in subjective replication experiments, and the conclusions may be inconsistent. In our study, three groups of ejaculation rats, namely, “rapid, normal, and delayed,” were selected based on the animal model of premature ejaculation (PE) in rats and the theory of ejaculation. Among them, the rats in the “rapid” ejaculation group can be used to stimulate humans with PE. Subsequently, we used the rat brain tissue for whole-transcriptome sequencing to screen the differential genes among the three groups. We tried to identify the actual genetic loci that contribute to PE etiology and provide a theoretical basis for the targeted therapy of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gao
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junhua Du
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Andrology, The Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Nakamura M, Yoshimi A, Mouri A, Tokura T, Kimura H, Kishi S, Miyauchi T, Iwamoto K, Ito M, Sato-Boku A, Ozaki N, Nabeshima T, Noda Y. Duloxetine attenuates pain in association with downregulation of platelet serotonin transporter in patients with burning mouth syndrome and atypical odontalgia. Hum Psychopharmacol 2022; 37:e2818. [PMID: 34541697 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was evaluation of the association between severity of pain and expression of total or ubiquitinated serotonin transporter (SERT) protein in patients with burning mouth syndrome and atypical odontalgia (BMS/AO), who were treated by duloxetine. METHODS Patients with BMS/AO were assessed for severity of pain using the visual analog scale (VAS), and expression of total and ubiquitinated SERT protein in platelets before (baseline) and 12 weeks after duloxetine-treatment. RESULTS The expression of total and ubiquitinated SERT protein at baseline in all patients (n = 33) were higher and lower, respectively, compared to those in healthy controls. 12 weeks after duloxetine-treatment, there was no difference in the total SERT protein levels between patients (n = 21) and healthy controls. In the 16 patients who could be measured, mean VAS scores and total SERT protein levels were significantly decreased after the treatment, compared to those at baseline. There was tendency for a positive correlation between total SERT protein levels and VAS scores in these patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that duloxetine relieves pain in association with downregulation of platelet SERT expression in patients with BMS/AO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Nakamura
- Division of Clinical Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.,Clinical OMICs and Translation Research Center, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshimi
- Division of Clinical Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.,Clinical OMICs and Translation Research Center, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals and Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tokura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoya Miyauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, KACHI Memorial Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Iwamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikiko Ito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aiji Sato-Boku
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Noda
- Division of Clinical Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.,Clinical OMICs and Translation Research Center, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Japan
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Caffino L, Mottarlini F, Targa G, Verheij MMM, Fumagalli F, Homberg JR. Responsivity of serotonin transporter knockout rats to short and long access to cocaine: modulation of the glutamate signaling in the nucleus accumbens shell. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3727-3739. [PMID: 35174489 PMCID: PMC9310702 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose It has been well established that glutamate in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a critical role in the motivation to take drugs of abuse. We have previously demonstrated that rats with ablation of the serotonin transporter (SERT−/− rats) show increased cocaine intake reminiscent of compulsivity. Experimental Approach By comparing SERT−/− to SERT+/+ rats, we investigated whether SERT deletion influences glutamate homeostasis under control conditions as well as after short access (ShA: 1 h per session) or long access (LgA: 6 h per session) to cocaine self‐administration. Rats were killed at 24 h after the last self‐administration session for ex vivo molecular analyses of the main determinants of the glutamate system, including transporters (vesicular and glial), receptors (main post‐synaptic subunits of NMDA and AMPA receptors together with the metabotropic subunit mGLUR5), and scaffolding proteins (SAP102, SAP97, and GRIP) in the NAc shell (sNAc) Key Results In cocaine‐naive animals, SERT deletion was associated with changes indicative for a reduction in glutamate signalling. ShA and LgA exposure led to a further dysregulation of the glutamatergic synapse. Conclusion SERT deletion may render the glutamatergic synapses of the NAc shell more responsive to both ShA and LgA intake of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Mottarlini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgia Targa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Michel M M Verheij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, division of Molecular Neurogenetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, the Netherlands
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, division of Molecular Neurogenetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, the Netherlands
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Xue W, Fu T, Deng S, Yang F, Yang J, Zhu F. Molecular Mechanism for the Allosteric Inhibition of the Human Serotonin Transporter by Antidepressant Escitalopram. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:340-351. [PMID: 35041375 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human serotine transporter (hSERT) is one of the most influential drug targets, and its allosteric modulators (e.g., escitalopram) have emerged to be the next-generation medication for psychiatric disorders. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the allosteric modulation of hSERT is still elusive. Here, the simulation strategies of conventional (cMD) and steered (SMD) molecular dynamics were applied to investigate this molecular mechanism from distinct perspectives. First, cMD simulations revealed that escitalopram's binding to hSERT's allosteric site simultaneously enhanced its binding to the orthosteric site. Then, SMD simulation identified that the occupation of hSERT's allosteric site by escitalopram could also block its dissociation from the orthosteric site. Finally, by comparing the simulated structures of two hSERT-escitalopram complexes with and without allosteric modulation, a new conformational coupling between an extracellular (Arg104-Glu494) and an intracellular (Lys490-Glu494) salt bridge was identified. In summary, this study explored the mechanism underlying the allosteric modulation of hSERT by collectively applying two MD simulation strategies, which could facilitate our understanding of the allosteric modulations of not only hSERT but also other clinically important therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tingting Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shengzhe Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou 330110, China
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50
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Marazziti D, Betti L, Baroni S, Palego L, Mucci F, Carpita B, Cremone IM, Santini F, Fabbrini L, Pelosini C, Marsili A, Massimetti E, Giannaccini G, Dell'Osso L. The complex interactions among serotonin, insulin, leptin, and glycolipid metabolic parameters in human obesity. CNS Spectr 2022; 27:99-108. [PMID: 32921339 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852920001820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide evidence to the link between serotonin (5-HT), energy metabolism, and the human obese phenotype, the present study investigated the binding and function of the platelet 5-HT transporter (SERT), in relation to circulating insulin, leptin, and glycolipid metabolic parameters. METHODS Seventy-four drug-free subjects were recruited on the basis of divergent body mass index (BMIs) (16.5-54.8 Kg/m2). All subjects were tested for their blood glycolipid profile together with platelet [3H]-paroxetine ([3H]-Par) binding and [3H]-5-HT reuptake measurements from April 1st to June 30th, 2019. RESULTS The [3H]-Par Bmax (fmol/mg proteins) was progressively reduced with increasing BMIs (P < .001), without changes in affinity. Moreover, Bmax was negatively correlated with BMI, waist/hip circumferences (W/HC), triglycerides (TD), glucose, insulin, and leptin, while positively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P < .01). The reduction of 5-HT uptake rate (Vmax, pmol/min/109 platelets) among BMI groups was not statistically significant, but Vmax negatively correlated with leptin and uptake affinity values (P < .05). Besides, [3H]-Par affinity values positively correlated with glycemia and TD, while [3H]-5-HT reuptake affinity with glycemia only (P < .05). Finally, these correlations were specific of obese subjects, while, from multiple linear-regression analysis conducted on all subjects, insulin (P = .006) resulting negatively related to Bmax independently from BMI. CONCLUSIONS Present findings suggest the presence of a possible alteration of insulin/5-HT/leptin axis in obesity, differentially impinging the density, function, and/or affinity of the platelet SERT, as a result of complex appetite/reward-related interactions between the brain, gut, pancreatic islets, and adipose tissue. Furthermore, they support the foremost cooperation of peptides and 5-HT in maintaining energy homeostasis.
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