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Adamus-Grabicka AA, Hikisz P, Sikora J. Nanotechnology as a Promising Method in the Treatment of Skin Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2165. [PMID: 38396841 PMCID: PMC10889690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of skin cancer continues to grow. There are an estimated 1.5 million new cases each year, of which nearly 350,000 are melanoma, which is often fatal. Treatment is challenging and often ineffective, with conventional chemotherapy playing a limited role in this context. These disadvantages can be overcome by the use of nanoparticles and may allow for the early detection and monitoring of neoplastic changes and determining the effectiveness of treatment. This article briefly reviews the present understanding of the characteristics of skin cancers, their epidemiology, and risk factors. It also outlines the possibilities of using nanotechnology, especially nanoparticles, for the transport of medicinal substances. Research over the previous decade on carriers of active substances indicates that drugs can be delivered more accurately to the tumor site, resulting in higher therapeutic efficacy. The article describes the application of liposomes, carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles, and polymer nanoparticles in existing therapies. It discusses the challenges encountered in nanoparticle therapy and the possibilities of improving their performance. Undoubtedly, the use of nanoparticles is a promising method that can help in the fight against skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika A. Adamus-Grabicka
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Pawel Hikisz
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
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2
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Imlay RK, Perez Torrico C, Sulaimann A, Grimes ZM, Monnett S. Low-Powered View, High-Powered Mind: A Case Report of Morpheaform Basal Cell Carcinoma Mistaken for Metastatic Breast Carcinoma. Cureus 2024; 16:e54174. [PMID: 38496182 PMCID: PMC10941710 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most common skin malignancies worldwide. Morpheaform basal cell carcinoma (MBCC) is a rare aggressive subtype of BCC that presents with unique histologic features. Both are treated surgically and have an excellent survival rate. Metastatic breast carcinoma, on the other hand, has a poor survival rate along with a more burdensome therapeutic route including chemotherapy. Due to an overlap in common immunohistochemistry stains, there is a possibility of confusing the diagnosis of BCC with metastatic breast carcinoma resulting in potential patient harm. Therefore, a timely and accurate diagnosis distinguishing these malignancies is essential. We report a near-miss event in which a 77-year-old female with MBCC was mistakenly diagnosed with metastatic breast carcinoma. We discuss the details of these stains, characteristic features of MBCC, and treatment options and emphasize the importance of combining laboratory medicine with clinical expertise to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley K Imlay
- Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Charleston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shane Monnett
- General Surgery, Charleston Area Medical Center/West Virginia University, Charleston, USA
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Okafor C. Cutaneous Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer: A Rare and Overlooked Phenomenon. Cureus 2024; 16:e53437. [PMID: 38435210 PMCID: PMC10909233 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous metastasis from internal malignancies, indicative of poor prognosis, is rare and often involves primary sources like lung, breast, and colorectal cancer (CRC). This case details a 66-year-old male developing a scalp lesion 10 years post colon adenocarcinoma diagnosis. The challenging medical journey included a comprehensive biopsy confirming metastatic CRC in cutaneous tissue through CDX2 and CK20 positivity, emphasizing the importance of advanced diagnostic techniques. Despite medical advancements, the patient's unfavorable prognosis led to succumbing within a year, highlighting challenges in managing such cases and the need for vigilant post-diagnosis care. This report underscores the limited understanding of cutaneous metastasis, emphasizing the role of immunostaining and prompting awareness for early detection and tailored treatment. Further research into atypical metastasis mechanisms is crucial for improved prognostic outcomes and enhanced comprehension of these complex manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedum Okafor
- Pathology, Louisiana State University Health System, Shreveport, USA
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4
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Jo SJ, Kim SR, Lee SH, Seo YJ, Ahn HH, Lee JH, Oh SH, Jeong KH, Park KY, Bang CH, Kim MS, Jung JY, Ryoo YW, Kim SS, Suh DH. Knowledge and the behavioral patterns of photoprotection among Koreans with skin disease. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2024; 40:e12945. [PMID: 38288772 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoprotection is crucial in preventing the development and progression of various skin diseases. However, patients with skin disease have limited awareness of photoprotection. We evaluated the knowledge and behavioral patterns of photoprotection among Koreans with skin diseases. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 general hospitals across South Korea. The study population consisted of patients aged 19 years or older who visited dermatologic clinics for their skin diseases. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect patient demographics, knowledge of photoprotection, and photoprotective habits. RESULTS In this study, 1173 patients with skin cancer, hyperpigmentary disorders, hypopigmentary disorders, or other skin diseases participated. Females scored significantly higher in knowledge of photoprotection compared to males (mean score 8.4 vs. 7.8; p < .001), and younger patients (<50 years) scored higher than older patients (mean score 8.7 vs. 7.5; p < .001). Males also reported longer sun exposure times and lower usage of photoprotective measures (both p < .001). Patients with skin cancer had the lowest mean knowledge score (7.1 ± 2.6) and were less likely to use photoprotective measures compared to other groups (p < .001). In contrast, patients with hyperpigmentation actively avoided sun exposure compared with other groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of photoprotection among Korean patients with skin diseases varied depending on the gender, age, and type of skin disease. Their photoprotective behaviors were inadequate, especially among males and those with skin cancer. These findings emphasize the importance of educating and tailoring photoprotection strategies for patients with skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jin Jo
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Rae Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Si Hyung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Seo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejun, Korea
| | - Hyo Hyun Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Heon Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kui Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Hwan Bang
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Young Wook Ryoo
- Department of Dermatology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Seok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Hun Suh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Acne, Rosacea, Seborrheic Dermatitis and Hidradenitis Suppurativa Research Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Yu Y, Lu S, Jin H, Zhu H, Wei X, Zhou T, Zhao M. RNA N6-methyladenosine methylation and skin diseases. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2167983. [PMID: 36708146 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2167983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Skin diseases are global health issues caused by multiple pathogenic factors, in which epigenetics plays an invaluable role. Post-transcriptional RNA modifications are important epigenetic mechanism that regulate gene expression at the genome-wide level. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification that occurs in the messenger RNAs (mRNA) of most eukaryotes, which is installed by methyltransferases called "writers", removed by demethylases called "erasers", and recognised by RNA-binding proteins called "readers". To date, m6A is emerging to play essential part in both physiological processes and pathological progression, including skin diseases. However, a systematic summary of m6A in skin disease has not yet been reported. This review starts by illustrating each m6A-related modifier specifically and their roles in RNA processing, and then focus on the existing research advances of m6A in immune homeostasis and skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xingyu Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Major Skin Diseases and Skin Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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AlOtaibi MN, Basfar AS, Jawhari AM, Alzahrani ES, Althomali MA, Alhindi AE, Alam SS, Al Aboud DM, Abdel-Moneim AS. The Burden of Skin Cancers in Saudi Arabia Through 2011-2022. Cureus 2023; 15:e45052. [PMID: 37829962 PMCID: PMC10566748 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Skin cancers are classified into melanoma and non-melanoma or keratinocyte cancers. No recent data are found about the epidemiology of skin cancers in Saudi Arabia. The current study aims to determine the burden of skin cancer in the last 11 years from 2011 to 2022. Methods Patients who were diagnosed with any type of skin cancer were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis was conducted based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Different variables like age, type of cancer, type of lesions, and treatment approach used were measured. Results A total of 91 patients were diagnosed with skin cancers during the study period. The head and neck were the most common sites for skin cancers. Only 4/91 cases reported invasive melanoma. Both squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (34/91) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (28/91) were found to be the most reported skin cancers. Other cancers including mycosis fungoides (MF) (10/91), Kaposi's sarcoma (6/91), and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) (5/91) were also detected. The rest of the detected tumors were rarely detected. Aggressive CD4+/CD4+/CD8+ MF was more prevalent than CD3+/CD4+/CD8- MF cancer cases. CD34+ /S100- DFSP cancers were evident in most of the DFSP cases. Human herpes virus 8 was detected in all Kaposi's sarcoma cases and all of them were HIV-confirmed cases. Surgical treatment was the most frequently used approach to treat skin cancers, followed by phototherapy (9.9%), surgical/radiotherapy (5.5%), surgical/chemotherapy (4.4%), chemotherapy (3.3%), and then chemoradiotherapy immunotherapy (1.1%). Conclusion The incidences of SCC and BCC are relatively high in comparison to other types of skin cancers with the surgical intervention being most frequently used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Samir S Alam
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, King AbdulAziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU
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Sarasin A. The French Cohort of DNA Repair-Deficient Xeroderma Pigmentosum Patients: Risk of Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2706. [PMID: 37345043 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a high incidence of skin cancers. These patients are deficient in nucleotide excision repair caused by mutations in one of the 7 XP genes. METHODS We diagnosed 181 XP patients using UV-induced DNA repair measurements and/or DNA sequencing from 1982 to 2022 in France. RESULTS As all XP patients, the French ones are very sensitive to UV exposure but since they are usually very well protected, they develop relatively few skin cancers. A majority of French XP patients originate from North Africa and bear a founder mutation on the XPC gene. The striking discovery is that these patients are at a very high risk to develop aggressive and lethal internal tumors such as hematological malignancies (more than a 100-fold risk compared to the general population for myelodysplasia/leukemia) with a median age of death of 25 years, and brain, gynecological, and thyroid tumors with even lower median ages of death. The high mutation rates found in XP-C internal tumors allow us to think that these XP patients could be successfully treated by immunotherapies. A full analysis of the molecular origins of these DNA repair-deficient tumors is discussed. Several explanations for this high predisposition risk are proposed. CONCLUSIONS As the age of the XP population is increasing due to better photo-protection, the risk of lethal internal tumors is a new Damocles sword that hangs over XP-C patients. This review of the French cohort is of particular importance for alerting physicians and families to the prevention and early detection of aggressive internal tumors in XP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Sarasin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR9019 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
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8
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Tran V, Janda M, Lucas RM, McLeod DSA, Thompson BS, Waterhouse M, Whiteman DC, Neale RE. Vitamin D and Sun Exposure: A Community Survey in Australia. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:2465-2481. [PMID: 36826149 PMCID: PMC9955356 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sun exposure carries both harms and benefits. Exposing the skin to the sun is the main modifiable cause of skin cancers, which exert a considerable health and economic burden in Australia. The most well-established benefit of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is vitamin D production. Australia has the highest incidence of skin cancer in the world but, despite the high ambient UV radiation, approximately one quarter of the population is estimated to be vitamin D deficient. Balancing the risks and benefits is challenging and requires effective communication. We sought to provide a snapshot of public knowledge and attitudes regarding sun exposure and vitamin D and to examine the associations between these factors and sun protective behaviors. In 2020 we administered an online survey; 4824 participants with self-reported fair or medium skin color were included in this analysis. Only 25% and 34% of participants were able to identify the amount of time outdoors needed to maintain adequate vitamin D status in summer and winter, respectively and 25% were concerned that sunscreen use inhibits vitamin D synthesis. This lack of knowledge was associated with suboptimal sun protection practices. Public education is warranted to prevent over-exposure, while supporting natural vitamin D production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Tran
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Monika Janda
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Robyn M. Lucas
- The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Donald S. A. McLeod
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Bridie S. Thompson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Mary Waterhouse
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - David C. Whiteman
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Rachel E. Neale
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Correspondence:
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9
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Adolphe L, Milani K. Racial Differences in Perceived Risk and Sunscreen Usage. Cureus 2023; 15:e33752. [PMID: 36793846 PMCID: PMC9925027 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although White individuals have higher incidence of melanoma, clinical outcomes are worse among patients with skin of color. This disparity arises from delayed diagnoses and treatment that are largely due to clinical and sociodemographic factors. Investigating this discrepancy is crucial to decrease melanoma-related mortality rates in minority communities. A survey was used to investigate the presence of racial disparities in perceived sun exposure risks and behaviors. Methods A survey consisting of 16 questions was deployed via social media to assess skin health knowledge. Over 350 responses were recorded, and the extracted data were analyzed using statistical software. Results Of the respondents, White patients were significantly more likely to have higher perceived risk of developing skin cancer, highest levels of sunscreen usage, and higher reported frequency of skin checks performed by primary care providers (PCPs). There was no difference between racial groups in the amount of education provided by PCPs related to sun exposure risks. Conclusion The survey findings suggest inadequate dermatologic health literacy as a result of other factors such as public health and sunscreen product marketing rather than as a consequence of inadequate dermatologic education provided in healthcare settings. Factors such as racial stereotypes in communities, implicit biases in marketing companies, and public health campaigns should be considered. Further studies should be conducted to determine these biases and improve education in communities of color.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Wieland M, Qadri A, Brown M, Ejimogu J, Rasko YM. Insurance Coverage of Dermabrasion and Chemical Peel Procedures: A Critical Analysis of 58 American Insurance Companies. Cureus 2022; 14:e33184. [PMID: 36726896 PMCID: PMC9886408 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dermabrasion and chemical peels are infrequently utilized methods of treatment for medical-grade conditions despite demonstrations of favorable outcomes. Insurance coverage status has previously been shown to impact availability and accessibility to specific treatments. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of insurance coverage provided for dermabrasion and chemical peel procedures in the treatment of acne, acne scarring, and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 58 insurance companies by web-based search or phone interview determined the number of insurers with a publicly available policy on dermabrasion or chemical peels. Coverage status and any corresponding criteria were extracted from existing company policies. Results Thirteen (22%) and 22 (38%) policies discussed dermabrasion in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis, with 62% and 73% of these policies providing coverage. Acne scarring was discussed in significantly more dermabrasion policies than basal cell carcinoma (45% vs 22%; p=0.018). However, significantly more insurers denied coverage of dermabrasion for active acne and acne scarring when compared to dermabrasion to treat basal cell carcinoma or actinic keratosis (p<0.001). Eighty-seven percent of companies (n=20) with a chemical peel policy for premalignant lesions would provide coverage, with required criteria present in 95% (n=19) of the policies that would cover chemical peels for actinic keratosis specifically. Of the 25 companies (43%) that discussed the treatment of acne with chemical peel procedures, 14 (56%) provided coverage, and 11 (44%) denied coverage. Coverage was denied by significantly less insurers for the treatment of active acne with chemical peel procedures compared to treatment with dermabrasion (44% vs 83%; p<0.006). Conclusion Significant discrepancies were noted in both the presence of a public policy and the coverage status of dermabrasion or chemical peel procedures among the United States health insurance companies. These inconsistencies, along with multiple criteria required for coverage, may create an artificial barrier to receiving care for specific medical-grade conditions.
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Verdelli A, Caproni M, Coi A, Corrà A, Degl’Innocenti D, Vasarri M, Quintarelli L, Volpi V, Cipollini EM, Barletta E. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as Potential Predictive Biomarker of Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers in Psoriatic Patients: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012291. [PMID: 36293148 PMCID: PMC9603947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have demonstrated a higher risk of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) and a modestly increased melanoma risk in patients with psoriasis. To date, no biomarkers predictive of evolution have been identified yet. Methods: The aim of this prospective case-control study was to investigate the potential role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a predictive biomarker of skin cancers in psoriatic patients. Patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis were enrolled, as well as healthy subjects and patients with skin cancers as controls. Plasma protein expression of NGAL, metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 was performed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In all the patients who developed skin cancer at follow-up, NGAL, MMP-2, and MMP-9 serum levels were dosed again. Results: Plasma NGAL levels were significantly higher in psoriatic patients with NMSC than without (182.3 ± 36.6 ng/mL vs. 139.9 ± 39.3 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). Plasma NGAL levels were significantly higher (p < 0.00001) in patients with psoriasis and NMSC than in patients with skin tumors without psoriasis (182.3 vs. 122.9). Patients with psoriasis who developed NMSC at follow-up showed increased plasma MMP-9 levels. Conclusion: NGAL seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of NMSC but not melanoma in patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Verdelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Dermatology, Rare Dermatological Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, University of Florence, 50125 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-6939664
| | - Marzia Caproni
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Dermatology, Rare Dermatological Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, University of Florence, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Coi
- Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Corrà
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Donatella Degl’Innocenti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marzia Vasarri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Lavinia Quintarelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Dermatology, Rare Dermatological Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, University of Florence, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Valter Volpi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Dermatology, Rare Dermatological Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, University of Florence, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuele Maria Cipollini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Dermatology, Rare Dermatological Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, University of Florence, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela Barletta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Nochaiwong S, Chuamanochan M, Ruengorn C, Noppakun K, Awiphan R, Phosuya C, Tovanabutra N, Chiewchanvit S, Sood MM, Hutton B, Thavorn K, Knoll GA. Use of Thiazide Diuretics and Risk of All Types of Skin Cancers: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102566. [PMID: 35626169 PMCID: PMC9140049 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of thiazide diuretics is associated with skin cancer risk; however, whether this applies to all skin cancer types is unclear. Methods: In this meta-analysis, we searched multiple electronic databases and gray literature up to 10 April 2022, with no language restrictions, to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (cohort, case-control) that investigated the association between thiazide diuretics and skin cancer. The primary outcomes of interest were malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma [BCC], squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]). Secondary outcomes included other skin cancers (lip cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, malignant adnexal skin tumors, oral cavity cancer, and precursors of skin cancer). We used a random-effects meta-analysis to estimate pooled adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Thirty non-randomized studies (17 case-control, 13 cohort, no RCTs) were included. Thiazide diuretic users had a higher risk of malignant melanoma (17 studies; n = 10,129,196; pooled adjusted OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04−1.15; p < 0.001; strength of evidence, very low; very small harmful effect), BCC (14 studies; n = 19,780,476; pooled adjusted OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02−1.09; p = 0.003; strength of evidence, very low; very small harmful effect), and SCC (16 studies; n = 16,387,862; pooled adjusted OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.22−1.48; p < 0.001; strength of evidence, very low; very small harmful effect) than non-users. Thiazide diuretic use was also associated with a higher risk of lip cancer (5 studies; n = 161,491; pooled adjusted OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.52−2.42; p < 0.001; strength of evidence, very low; small harmful effect), whereas other secondary outcomes were inconclusive. Conclusions: Thiazide diuretics are associated with the risk of all skin cancer types, including malignant melanoma; thus, they should be used with caution in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surapon Nochaiwong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.R.); (R.A.); (C.P.)
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.N.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.C.); Tel.: +66-53-944-342 (S.N.); +66-53-946-234 (M.C.)
| | - Mati Chuamanochan
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.N.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.C.); Tel.: +66-53-944-342 (S.N.); +66-53-946-234 (M.C.)
| | - Chidchanok Ruengorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.R.); (R.A.); (C.P.)
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.N.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Kajohnsak Noppakun
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.N.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratanaporn Awiphan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.R.); (R.A.); (C.P.)
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.N.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Chabaphai Phosuya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.R.); (R.A.); (C.P.)
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.N.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Napatra Tovanabutra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Siri Chiewchanvit
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.N.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Manish M. Sood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (M.M.S.); (G.A.K.)
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
| | - Brian Hutton
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- ICES uOttawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Kednapa Thavorn
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Statistics Research Center (PESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.N.); (S.C.); (K.T.)
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- ICES uOttawa, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Greg A. Knoll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; (M.M.S.); (G.A.K.)
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
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13
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Sun L, Lu J, Zhang M, Yang X, Wu W, Liu Q. Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of 755 Patients with Skin Cancers in Hainan, China: A 12-Year Retrospective Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:43-50. [PMID: 35046688 PMCID: PMC8763201 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s343274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Skin cancers are the most frequent types of all malignant tumours with increasing incidence rates. The incidence rate varies between different countries around the world. Objective This study aimed to analyze the clinical–pathological characteristics of skin cancers in patients visited at the Department of Dermatology of the Fifth People’s Hospital of Hainan Province from China during the last 12 years. Methods The hospital database was searched for patients with skin cancers over a period of 12 years (from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2020), and a retrospective review was conducted and a descriptive data analysis was undertaken on patients. Results A total of 755 specimens of skin cancers were confirmed during this period. The common skin cancers were basal cell carcinoma (341, 48.99%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (148, 21.26%) and Bowen’s disease (109, 15.66%). The range of age at the time of skin cancers onset was mainly from 40 to 79 years (73.01%). The disease duration ranged from 7 days to 70 years, mainly occurred in 2 years (53.30%). The lesions were most frequently located in the region of head, face and neck (452, 59.87%), followed by extremity (107, 14.17%) and trunk (87, 11.52%). The accordance rate of clinical-pathological diagnosis in common skin cancers was about 43.14%, while that of rare skin cancers was only 27.59%. Conclusion Overall, head, face and neck region was the most common sites for sun-related skin cancers in Hainan, China. The coincidence rate of initial diagnosis and pathological diagnosis was low in skin cancers. Consequently, any suspicious lesion, for which the clinical diagnosis is uncertain, should be biopsied for histopathological examination to rule out malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lengbing Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiejie Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxu Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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14
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Malahias M, Ackling E, Zubair O, Harper N, Al-Rawi H, Khalil H. Extended Scalp Flaps for Extensive Soft Tissue Scalp Defects as a Day Surgery Procedure Under Local Anesthetic: A Single Centre Experience. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2021; 82:689-694. [PMID: 34745838 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous malignancies are on the rise, associated with an increased number in scalp cancers that require wide local excision (WLE) to ensure clearance; the inelastic nature of the scalp poses a particular challenge when dealing with such large defects. Case presentation A series of 68 cases with large scalp defects following WLE for the clearance of squamous cell carcinoma, atypical fibroxanthoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and melanoma skin cancers are presented. These cases were treated in one center under local anesthesia and underwent extended scalp flaps to close the resulting defect primarily without the use of skin grafts for the flap donor site on the scalp. Conclusion Extended scalp flap is a safe and reproducible solution for extensive scalp defects, which results in quicker wound healing with cosmetically superior results, and can be performed safely and comfortably under local anesthesia in the day case setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malahias
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Ackling
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Omer Zubair
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Harper
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Haytham Al-Rawi
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Haitham Khalil
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Recent developments in immunotherapy against malignancies overcome the disadvantages of traditional systemic treatments; however, this immune checkpoint treatment is not perfect and cannot obtain a satisfactory clinical outcome in all cases. Therefore, an additional therapeutic option for malignancy is needed in oncology. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) has recently been highlighted as a strong type I interferon driver and shows anti-tumor immunity against various malignancies. STING-targeted anti-tumor immunotherapy is expected to enhance the anti-tumor effects and clinical outcomes of immunotherapy against malignancies. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in the knowledge gained from research on STING signaling in skin cancers. In addition to the limitations of STING-targeted immunotherapy, we also discuss the clinical application of STING agonists in the treatment of skin cancer.
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16
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Gavini DR, Salvi DJ, Shah PH, Uma D, Lee JH, Hamid P. Non-melanoma Skin Cancers in Patients on Hydroxyurea for Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2021; 13:e16978. [PMID: 34527458 PMCID: PMC8420994 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) or hydroxycarbamide is a cytotoxic antimetabolite widely used to treat Philadelphia chromosome-negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (Ph-MPN) like Polycythemia Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocythemia (ET), and Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF). Patients with Ph-MPN are at an increased risk of Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). The cause of this finding remains uncertain. In this systematic review, we would like to know if chronic use of HU in this population is responsible for the sudden onset of NMSC. The results obtained will help the patients and clinicians with early diagnosis of cutaneous lesions and in optimizing the current treatment options for MPN. We conducted a multi-database literature search, applied eligibility criteria and quality assessment tools to the studies extracted, with an intention to include only fair to high-quality articles. We analyzed six observational studies and four traditional reviews. Two out of 10 studies concluded that no relationship exists between the incidence of NMSC and HU. The remaining eight studies indicated the association. According to these studies, the possible risk factors include old age, excessive exposure to sunlight, higher doses, and prolonged HU therapy duration. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and HU play a combined role in carcinogenesis. Periodic dermatologic screening is essential in these patients. Prompt biopsy and accurate diagnosis can prevent the progression of cancer and decrease the associated morbidity and mortality. True incidence and causation cannot be ascertained due to the scarcity of research on this topic. Multi-center prospective studies in large groups of Ph-MPN patients are recommended to determine the temporal relationship between NMSC and HU treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya R Gavini
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Dhairya J Salvi
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Prutha H Shah
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Davuluri Uma
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Pousette Hamid
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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17
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Alkhouri S, Afify O, Alkhouri F, Boalbanat H, Patel P. Merkel Cell Carcinoma in the Setting of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Cureus 2021; 13:e17204. [PMID: 34434683 PMCID: PMC8380460 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, rapidly growing, and highly malignant cutaneous tumor that typically presents in elderly males as an erythematous or violaceous plaque or nodule in sun-exposed areas. Risk factors include long-term ultraviolet (UV) exposure, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) infection, immunosuppression, and lymphoproliferative disorders such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). Given the aggressive nature of this tumor, patients may present with nodal and distal metastasis. Locoregional disease can be managed with definitive radiotherapy or surgery with or without adjuvant radiotherapy, depending on the case. Disseminated disease, on the other hand, often requires a multidisciplinary tumor board consultation to individually tailor the treatment. Possible treatments include systemic therapy with chemotherapy or immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Here we report a case of a patient with a medical history significant for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who presented with a rapidly growing lesion that contained neighboring MCC and CLL/SLL on biopsy. Management included immunotherapy with pembrolizumab and radiotherapy to limit the tumor's growth and spread. To the best of our knowledge, the coexistence of all three malignancies in a person is rare and has not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaa Alkhouri
- Dermatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Omar Afify
- Dermatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Faris Alkhouri
- Dermatology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, USA
| | - Hashem Boalbanat
- Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Pragnesh Patel
- Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
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18
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Pierre MBR. Nanocarriers for Photodynamic Therapy Intended to Cutaneous Tumors. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:1090-1107. [PMID: 33397257 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122999210101230743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality used for several malignant and premalignant skin disorders, including Bowen's disease skin cancers and Superficial Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC). Several photosensitizers (PSs) have been explored for tumor destruction of skin cancers, after their activation by a light source of appropriate wavelength. Topical release of PSs avoids prolonged photosensitization reactions associated with systemic administration; however, its clinical usefulness is influenced by its poor tissue penetration and the stability of the active agent. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are promising tool to enhance the efficiency for PDT of cancer. This review focuses on PSs encapsulated in nanocarriers explored for PDT of skin tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B R Pierre
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)- Faculdade de Farmacia- Av, Brigadeiro Trompowsky, s/n. CEP Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 21941-901, Brazil
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19
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Zhang W, Zeng W, Jiang A, He Z, Shen X, Dong X, Feng J, Lu H. Global, regional and national incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years of skin cancers and trend analysis from 1990 to 2019: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Cancer Med 2021; 10:4905-4922. [PMID: 34105887 PMCID: PMC8290243 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information about global and local epidemiology and trends of skin cancers is limited, which increases the difficulty of cutaneous cancer control. METHODS To estimate the global spatial patterns and temporal trends of skin cancer burden. Based on the GBD 2019, we collected and analyzed numbers and age-standardized rates (ASR) of skin cancer incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality (ASIR, ASDR, and ASMR) in 204 countries from 1990 through 2019 were estimated by age, sex, subtype (malignant skin melanoma [MSM], squamous-cell carcinoma [SCC], and basal-cell carcinoma [BCC]), Socio-demographic Index (SDI), region, and country. Temporal trends in ASR were also analyzed using estimated annual percentage change. RESULTS Globally, in 2019, there were 4.0 million BCC, 2.4 million SCC, and 0.3 million MSM. There were approximately 62.8 thousand deaths and 1.7 million DALYs due to MSM, and 56.1 thousand deaths and 1.2 million DALYs were attributed to SCC, respectively. The men had higher ASR of skin cancer burden than women. The age-specific rates of global skin cancer burden were higher in the older adults, increasing trends observed from 55 years old. Geographically, the numbers and ASR of skin cancers varied greatly across countries, with the largest burden of ASIR in high SDI regions. However, an unexpected increase was observed in some regions from 1990 to 2019, such as East Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Although there was a slight decrease of the ASMR and ASDR, the global ASIR of MSM dramatically increased, 1990-2019. Also, there was a remarkable increase in ASR of BCC and SCC burden. CONCLUSIONS Skin cancer remains a major global public health threat. Reducing morbidity and mortality strategies such as primary and secondary prevention should be reconsidered, especially in the most prevalent and unexpected increased regions, especially for those areas with the greatest proportions of their population over age 55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
- Department of ImmunologyBasic Medical SchoolGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Aofei Jiang
- School of ManagementDalian Polytechnic UniversityDalianChina
| | - Zhi He
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xiaoping Shen
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xian Dong
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Jianglong Feng
- Department of PathologyAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Hongguang Lu
- Department of DermatologyAffiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
- Department of ImmunologyBasic Medical SchoolGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
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20
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Bacchetti T, Salvolini E, Pompei V, Campagna R, Molinelli E, Brisigotti V, Togni L, Lucarini G, Sartini D, Campanati A, Mattioli-Belmonte M, Rubini C, Ferretti G, Offidani A, Emanuelli M. Paraoxonase-2: A potential biomarker for skin cancer aggressiveness. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13452. [PMID: 33210737 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous neoplasms include melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Among NMSCs, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) represents the most common lesion. On the contrary, although accounting for less than 5% of all skin cancers, melanoma is responsible for most of cutaneous malignancy-related deaths. Paraoxonase-2 (PON2) is an intracellular enzyme exerting a protective role against production of reactive oxygen species within mitochondrial respiratory chain. Recently, a growing attention has been focused on exploring the role of PON2 in cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic role of PON2 in skin neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS 36 cases of BCC, distinguished between nodular and infiltrative lesions, as well as 29 melanoma samples were analysed by immunohistochemistry to evaluate PON2 protein expression. Subsequent statistical analyses were carried out to explore the existence of correlations between intratumour enzyme levels and clinicopathological features. RESULTS Results obtained showed PON2 overexpression in BCCs compared with controls. In particular, distinguishing between less and more aggressive tumour forms, we found no significant differences in enzyme levels between nodular BCCs and controls. Conversely, PON2 expression was significantly higher in infiltrative BCCs compared with controls. Moreover, the enzyme was strongly upregulated in melanoma samples with respect to controls. Interestingly, PON2 levels were positively correlated with Breslow thickness, Clark level, regression, mitoses, lymph node metastases, primary tumour (pT) parameter and pathological stage. CONCLUSIONS Reported findings seem to suggest that PON2 expression levels could be positively related with tumour aggressiveness of both BCC and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Salvolini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Veronica Pompei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Campagna
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Molinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valerio Brisigotti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Togni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Guendalina Lucarini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Davide Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Campanati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.,New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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21
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Hayat N, Jan S, Aslam S, Asghar MS. Outcomes of Propeller Flap in Eyelid Reconstruction. Cureus 2021; 13:e14509. [PMID: 34079657 PMCID: PMC8159342 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate the outcomes of reconstruction in small-to-moderate-sized benign tumors of eyelids by using the propeller flap technique. Propeller flaps have been used by plastic surgeons for facial reconstruction and other body parts. However, very few oculoplastic surgeons have utilized this technique in eyelid reconstructive surgeries. We have substantiated this technique and its outcomes in this case report. It is a case series consisted of two patients reporting in the orbit-oculoplastics clinic with suspicious basal cell carcinoma of eyelids, covering less than half of the eyelid. Both the patients underwent tumor excision and reconstruction, with a cutaneous propeller flap supplied by a pedicle. Both the patients recovered well and without any complication. The specimens removed from both the patients were sent for histopathology and the biopsy results revealed both lesions were margin-free basal cell carcinoma. The reconstruction of eyelid defects is challenging due to the small area and cosmetic appearance. Propeller flaps are a reasonable choice of treatment in small to moderately large-sized defects with minimal complications, yet better cosmetic appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen Hayat
- Ophthalmology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | - Saad Jan
- Ophthalmology, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | - Saad Aslam
- Ophthalmology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
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22
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Demidov L, Samoylenko I, Vand N, Utyashev I, Shubina I, Sinelnikov I. Screening for Melanoma and Other Skin Cancer Shows a Higher Early Melanoma Incidence: Social Educational Program "Life Fear-Free". Dermatopathology (Basel) 2021; 8:54-68. [PMID: 33803969 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The screening program Life Fear-Free (LFF) aimed at early diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma (CM) was introduced in Samara, Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg, and Krasnodar (Russia) in 2019. OBJECTIVES To analyze the impact of the program on early CM and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) detection. METHODS According to the social educational campaign, people were informed about CM risk factors and symptoms and were invited for skin examination. The program planned to involve 3200 participants in total. Participants with suspicious lesions were invited for excisional biopsy. RESULTS 3143 participants, including 75.4% women, were examined for skin lesions. The average age of the participants was 43.7 years. Mostly skin phototypes II and III were registered (48.2% and 41.0%, respectively); 3 patients had CM, 15 had basal cell carcinoma, and 1 had Bowen's disease, which were confirmed histologically. All detected melanomas had Breslow's thickness of 1 mm. CONCLUSION The participants showed high interest in early skin cancer detection programs. The incidence rate of CM and NMSCs among the program participants was higher than in general public. The early disease grade was proven for the detected CMs and NMSCs. The study has shown that it is important to continue such programs.
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Roy T, Boateng ST, Banang-Mbeumi S, Singh PK, Basnet P, Chamcheu RN, Ladu F, Chauvin I, Spiegelman VS, Hill RA, Kousoulas KG, Nagalo BM, Walker AL, Fotie J, Murru S, Sechi M, Chamcheu JC. Identification of new fisetin analogs as kinase inhibitors: Data on synthesis and anti-skin cancer activities evaluation. Data Brief 2021; 35:106858. [PMID: 33665254 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This article contains supplemental datasets of the recently published related research article “Synthesis, Inverse Docking-Assisted Identification and in vitro Biological Characterization of Flavonol-based Analogs of Fisetin as c-Kit, CDK2 and mTOR Inhibitors against Melanoma and Non-melanoma Skin Cancers” by Roy et al., [1]. It provides in-depth data not included in the original co-submission on the biophysical, molecular docking, and biological characterization of newly synthesized flavonol-based analogs of fisetin, a natural dietary small molecule with anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. These synthetic small molecules were investigated as new, potential single and/or multi-kinase inhibitors of the cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2), receptor tyrosine kinases (c-KITs), and mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) targets, potentially active against melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancers. Furthermore, this data-in-brief article comprises additional sets of results on several aspects of the properties of the dual and multiple kinase inhibitor compounds’ effects that were not presented in the associated article, including the activated targets that are dysregulated in skin cancers; the effects on markers of apoptosis; on colony formation; and in scratch wound healing assays. The study has identified a panel of novel fisetin analogs that are either single- or multi-kinase inhibitors, which may be further developed as active for the treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The dataset presented herein will be utilized for additional studies aiming to establish a biological platform to steer for predictive and experimental screening of novel flavonoids and analogs in relevant organoids, humanized animal models and in vivo disease models. The present results should also serve as a key stepping-stone towards enabling target-structure-based design, synthesis and initial testing of novel analogs or derivatives of fisetin. The current study may eventually lead to the development of safe, promising and preclinical candidate entities for treatment of skin and other forms of cancers as well as various other human diseases, which can possibly add to the general armamentarium of promising and safe drugs for health promotion.
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Marcellusi A, Bini C, Peris K, Ascierto PA, Mennini FS. Cost of illness del carcinoma cutaneo a cellule squamose (CSCC). Glob Reg Health Technol Assess 2020; 7:148-53. [PMID: 36627959 DOI: 10.33393/grhta.2020.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most frequent form of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and accounts for 20-25% of skin cancers (AIOM Guidelines 2019). Objectives: The aim of this study was to estimate the total annual direct costs incurred by the National Health Service for the management and treatment of CSCC and advanced CSCC patients in Italy. Methods: An incidence-based cost of illness (COI) model was developed to estimate direct costs associated with the treatment and management of CSCC patients in Italy. The identified treatment pathway was validated with a team of clinical experts and was distinguished between resectable CSCC and locally advanced CSCC or metastatic CSCC. Treatments costs were obtained through the analysis of the National Hospital Discharge Database (HDD) for the years 2015-2018; monitoring and terminal care costs were obtained from national tariffs of outpatient care service and from the literature respectively. Results: Associating the estimated costs for each phase of the treatment pathway with the proportion of patients present in each phase, the COI model estimated an annual economic burden of about € 25.9 million for the management and treatment of patients with CSCC in Italy, € 2.7 million of which were associated to patients with advanced CSCC. The average cost per patient with advanced CSCC was higher compared to that of patient with resectable CSCC (€ 4,490 vs € 2,236 respectively). Conclusions: Our analysis showed that advanced CSCC patients are associated with a higher average cost than patients with resectable CSCC.
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Morgado-Águila C, Rey-Sánchez P, Gil-Fernández G, Costa-Fernández MC, Rodríguez-Velasco FJ. Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123819. [PMID: 33255834 PMCID: PMC7759998 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to sunlight is the major source of vitamin D and the main environmental cause of non-melanocytic skin cancers. Vitamin D, partly mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), has potential therapeutic applications in skin cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of BsmI and ApaI VDR polymorphisms among patients with non-melanoma cancers and controls. An observational case-control study was conducted in a sample of 154 subjects. We observed no significant effects between these polymorphisms and skin cancer risk. When stratified for gender, GG and AG BsmI polymorphisms significantly increased the risk of basal cell carcinomas in males. In relation to ApaI, all three polymorphisms significantly increased the risk of basal cell carcinoma in males. When stratified for age, we found that being 70 years of age or younger was a protective factor against both skin cancers. Being a female and 70 years old or younger was a protective factor for basal cell carcinoma. A comparison of the frequencies of the VDR genotypes in patients older than 70 years vs. 70 years or younger also revealed age-dependent variations in patients with non-melanoma skin cancer. Our study suggests a role for VDR polymorphisms in non-melanoma skin cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Morgado-Águila
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cáceres University Hospital Complex, Cáceres, 10001 Extremadura, Spain;
| | - Purificación Rey-Sánchez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003 Extremadura, Spain;
- Correspondence: (P.R.-S.); (G.G.-F.); (F.J.R.-V.); Tel.: +34-927-251-234 (P.R.-S.); +34-924-286-674 (G.G.-F.); +34-924-289-839 (F.J.R.-V.)
| | - Guadalupe Gil-Fernández
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006 Extremadura, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.-S.); (G.G.-F.); (F.J.R.-V.); Tel.: +34-927-251-234 (P.R.-S.); +34-924-286-674 (G.G.-F.); +34-924-289-839 (F.J.R.-V.)
| | - María Carmen Costa-Fernández
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, 10003 Extremadura, Spain;
| | - Francisco José Rodríguez-Velasco
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, 06006 Extremadura, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.-S.); (G.G.-F.); (F.J.R.-V.); Tel.: +34-927-251-234 (P.R.-S.); +34-924-286-674 (G.G.-F.); +34-924-289-839 (F.J.R.-V.)
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Kobayashi T, Uda A, Udagawa E, Hibi T. Lack of Increased Risk of Lymphoma by Thiopurines or Biologics in Japanese Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Large-Scale Administrative Database Analysis. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:617-623. [PMID: 31867632 PMCID: PMC7303594 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases may have higher incidences of non-melanoma skin cancers and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, potentially linked to underlying disease and treatments. This analysis assessed incidence rates of these malignancies in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, and their association with thiopurine and/or anti-tumor necrosis factor-α treatment, using data from a nationwide administrative database in Japan. METHODS Patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease without malignancy were identified from the Medical Data Vision database. Incident cases of non-melanoma skin cancers and non-Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed after prescription of thiopurine and/or anti-tumor necrosis factor-α were identified between April 2008 and January 2018. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate ratios were calculated relative to the total treated patient population. RESULTS A total of 75 673 eligible patients were identified at the index date. Thiopurine prescription with or without anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents increased incidence rate ratios for non-melanoma skin cancers relative to the overall population (3.39 and 4.03, respectively). There were no notable differences in non-Hodgkin lymphoma incidence relative to the total population in any treatment subgroup, regardless of prescription of thiopurine and/or anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (all incidence rate ratios, ~1). CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence for an increased incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma attributable to thiopurine or anti-tumor necrosis factor-α treatment in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The impact of racial differences on non-Hodgkin lymphoma incidences should be considered. Thiopurine therapy may be a risk factor for non-melanoma skin cancers in Japanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Uda
- Japan Medical Office, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Udagawa
- Japan Medical Office, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Boyer M, Cayrefourcq L, Dereure O, Meunier L, Becquart O, Alix-Panabières C. Clinical Relevance of Liquid Biopsy in Melanoma and Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040960. [PMID: 32295074 PMCID: PMC7226137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma are two aggressive skin malignancies with high disease-related mortality and increasing incidence rates. Currently, invasive tumor tissue biopsy is the gold standard for their diagnosis, and no reliable easily accessible biomarker is available to monitor patients with melanoma or Merkel cell carcinoma during the disease course. In these last years, liquid biopsy has emerged as a candidate approach to overcome this limit and to identify biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic response prediction, and patient follow-up. Liquid biopsy is a blood-based non-invasive procedure that allows the sequential analysis of circulating tumor cells, circulating cell-free and tumor DNA, and extracellular vesicles. These innovative biosources show similar features as the primary tumor from where they originated and represent an alternative to invasive solid tumor biopsy. In this review, the biology and technical challenges linked to the detection and analysis of the different circulating candidate biomarkers for melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma are discussed as well as their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Boyer
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Laure Cayrefourcq
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Olivier Dereure
- Department of Dermatology and INSERM 1058 Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Laurent Meunier
- Department of Dermatology, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.M.); (O.B.)
| | - Ondine Becquart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.M.); (O.B.)
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Centre of Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier, France; (M.B.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-1175-99-31; Fax: +33-4-1175-99-33
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Abstract
Malignant hidradenocarcinoma is a very rare and highly aggressive primary skin neoplasm that arises in the eccrine sweat glands. Diagnosis is typically made with histopathological evaluation after excisional biopsy. Reports of this tumor are scarce in the literature, thus making its characterization and management particularly challenging. A 71-year-old male presented in the clinic with swelling of the left lateral axilla on routine dermatological examination. Clinically, the lesion was suspected to be a capillary hemangioma. Upon surgical excision, the specimen was diagnosed as malignant hidradenocarcinoma based on histological characterization with immunohistochemical staining. Subsequent wide excision with sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed, which came back negative for residual tumor and metastasis. Due to the low incidence of this cancer and the markedly poor prognosis, accurate diagnosis of these tumors is highly important. Wide excisional biopsy and sentinel lymph node biopsy appear to be the most common initial treatment plans based on the available literature. With high rates of recurrence and metastasis, there remains the need to characterize effective adjuvant therapy for the post-operative management of hidradenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Johnson
- Orthopaedics, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | - Jonathan Keyes
- Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | - Vania Zayat
- Pathology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA.,Orlando Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Orlando, USA
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Chamcheu JC, Roy T, Uddin MB, Banang-Mbeumi S, Chamcheu RCN, Walker AL, Liu YY, Huang S. Role and Therapeutic Targeting of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Skin Cancer: A Review of Current Status and Future Trends on Natural and Synthetic Agents Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080803. [PMID: 31370278 PMCID: PMC6721560 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and associated phosphatidyl-inositiol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathways regulate cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival, as well as angiogenesis and metabolism. Dysregulation of these pathways is frequently associated with genetic/epigenetic alterations and predicts poor treatment outcomes in a variety of human cancers including cutaneous malignancies like melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Recently, the enhanced understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of skin dysfunction in patients with skin cancers has provided a strong basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for these obdurate groups of skin cancers. This review summarizes recent advances in the roles of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and their targets in the development and progression of a broad spectrum of cutaneous cancers and discusses the current progress in preclinical and clinical studies for the development of PI3K/Akt/mTOR targeted therapies with nutraceuticals and synthetic small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tithi Roy
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
| | | | - Sergette Banang-Mbeumi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
- Division for Research and Innovation, POHOFI Inc., P.O. Box 44067, Madison, WI 53744, USA
- School of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Louisiana Delta Community College, Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | | | - Anthony L Walker
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
| | - Yong-Yu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209-0497, USA
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
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Yoon JH, McArthur MJ, Park J, Basu D, Wakamiya M, Prakash L, Prakash S. Error-Prone Replication through UV Lesions by DNA Polymerase θ Protects against Skin Cancers. Cell 2019; 176:1295-1309.e15. [PMID: 30773314 PMCID: PMC6453116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancers from sun-exposed skin accumulate "driver" mutations, causally implicated in oncogenesis. Because errors incorporated during translesion synthesis (TLS) opposite UV lesions would generate these mutations, TLS mechanisms are presumed to underlie cancer development. To address the role of TLS in skin cancer formation, we determined which DNA polymerase is responsible for generating UV mutations, analyzed the relative contributions of error-free TLS by Polη and error-prone TLS by Polθ to the replication of UV-damaged DNA and to genome stability, and examined the incidence of UV-induced skin cancers in Polθ-/-, Polη-/-, and Polθ-/- Polη-/- mice. Our findings that the incidence of skin cancers rises in Polθ-/- mice and is further exacerbated in Polθ-/- Polη-/- mice compared with Polη-/- mice support the conclusion that error-prone TLS by Polθ provides a safeguard against tumorigenesis and suggest that cancer formation can ensue in the absence of somatic point mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mark J McArthur
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeseong Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Debashree Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Maki Wakamiya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Louise Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Satya Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Yeung H, Luk KM, Chen SC, Ginsberg BA, Katz KA. Dermatologic care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons: Epidemiology, screening, and disease prevention. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 80:591-602. [PMID: 30744875 PMCID: PMC6375301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons face important health issues relevant to dermatologists. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at higher risk of certain infectious diseases, including HIV, syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, and invasive meningococcal disease, and might be at higher risk of non-infectious conditions, including skin cancer. Recommendations for preventive health care, including screening for HIV and other STDs, sexual health-related vaccinations, and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, differ for MSM compared with non-MSM. Women who have sex with women experience disparities in STDs, including chlamydia and HPV. Transgender patients have unique, and often unmet, dermatologic needs during gender transition (also called gender affirmation), related to hormonal therapy and gender-affirming surgery. Familiarity with LGBT health issues and disease-prevention guidelines can enable dermatologists to provide medically appropriate and culturally competent care to LGBT persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howa Yeung
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Kevin M Luk
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Suephy C Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Dermatology, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Brian A Ginsberg
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth A Katz
- Department of Dermatology, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, California
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Oh CC, Lee HY, Tan BK, Assam PN, Kee TYS, Pang SM. Dermatological conditions seen in renal transplant recipients in a Singapore tertiary hospital. Singapore Med J 2019; 59:519-523. [PMID: 30386860 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2018126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lifelong immunosuppression after renal transplant exerts effects on the recipients' skin, including skin infections, skin cancers and drug-induced skin disorders. Our study aimed to determine the epidemiology of skin conditions among renal transplant recipients in the largest tertiary hospital in Singapore. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of kidney transplant recipients at Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2013. Among these patients, the clinical data of patients who sought skin consultations with either dermatologists or plastic surgeons within the hospital was captured. RESULTS A total of 178 patients were included in our study. There were 88 (45.6%) skin infections, 23 (11.9%) drug-induced skin conditions, 9 (4.7%) skin cancers and 73 (37.8%) other skin conditions. Skin infection was the predominant reason for consultation, with viral warts (15%, n = 29) being the most common. Of the nine cases in our cohort with skin cancer, there were three cases of basal cell carcinoma, three cases of Bowen's disease, two cases of extramammary Paget's disease and one case of squamous cell carcinoma. Drug-induced skin conditions, mainly attributable to long-term steroids and cyclosporin use, were represented by acne (9.3%, n = 18) and sebaceous hyperplasia (2.6%, n = 5). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated the spectrum of skin conditions that can be expected after renal transplantation. We wish to highlight the importance of careful dermatological screening and long-term follow-up for these patients, in order to reduce post-transplant skin complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Chiat Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Haur Yueh Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Bien Keem Tan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Shiu Ming Pang
- Department of Dermatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Modenese A, Korpinen L, Gobba F. Solar Radiation Exposure and Outdoor Work: An Underestimated Occupational Risk. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E2063. [PMID: 30241306 PMCID: PMC6209927 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A considerably high number of outdoor workers worldwide are constantly exposed for the majority of their working life to solar radiation (SR); this exposure is known to induce various adverse health effects, mainly related to its ultraviolet (UV) component. The skin and the eye are the principal target organs for both acute and long-term exposure. Actinic keratosis, non-melanoma skin cancers, and malignant melanoma are the main long-term adverse skin effects, whereas in the eye pterygium, cataracts, and according to an increasing body of evidence, macular degeneration may be induced. Despite this, SR exposure risk is currently undervalued, if not neglected, as an occupational risk factor for outdoor workers. SR exposure is influenced by various environmental and individual factors, and occupation is one of the most relevant. For a better understanding of this risk and for the development of more effective prevention strategies, one of the main problems is the lack of available and adequate methods to estimate SR worker exposure, especially long-term exposure. The main aims of this review were to provide a comprehensive overview of SR exposure risk of outdoor workers, including the UV exposure levels and the main methods recently proposed for short-term and cumulative exposure, and to provide an update of knowledge on the main adverse eye and skin effects. Finally, we also outline here preventive interventions to reduce occupational risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Modenese
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Leena Korpinen
- Clinical Physiology and Neurophysiology Unit, The North Karelia Central Hospital, 80210 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Fabriziomaria Gobba
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy.
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Abstract
The skin is a highly organized first line of defense that stretches up to 1.8 m2 and is home to more than a million commensal bacteria. The microenvironment of skin is driven by factors such as pH, temperature, moisture, sebum level, oxidative stress, diet, resident immune cells, and infectious exposure. The skin has a high turnover of cells as it continually bares itself to environmental stresses. Notwithstanding these limitations, it has devised strategies to adapt as a nutrient-scarce site. To perform its protective function efficiently, it relies on mechanisms to continuously remove dead cells without alarming the immune system, actively purging the dying/senescent cells by immunotolerant efferocytosis. Both canonical (starvation-induced, reactive oxygen species, stress, and environmental insults) and non-canonical (selective) autophagy in the skin have evolved to perform astute due-diligence and housekeeping in a quiescent fashion for survival, cellular functioning, homeostasis, and immune tolerance. The autophagic “homeostatic rheostat” works tirelessly to uphold the delicate balance in immunoregulation and tolerance. If this equilibrium is upset, the immune system can wreak havoc and initiate pathogenesis. Out of all the organs, the skin remains under-studied in the context of autophagy. Here, we touch upon some of the salient features of autophagy active in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Sil
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sing-Wai Wong
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States.,Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Curriculum, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
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35
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Blattner CM, Perry B, Young J, Lear W. 2-to-Z flap for reconstruction of adjacent skin defects. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 80:e77-8. [PMID: 29723557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Mehnert JM, Silk AW, Lee JH, Dudek L, Jeong BS, Li J, Schenkel JM, Sadimin E, Kane M, Lin H, Shih WJ, Zloza A, Chen S, Goydos JS. A phase II trial of riluzole, an antagonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) signaling, in patients with advanced melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 31:534-540. [PMID: 29453787 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies demonstrate that GRM, expressed by >60% of human melanomas, may be a therapeutic target. We performed a phase II trial of 100 mg PO bid of riluzole, an inhibitor of GRM1 signaling, in patients with advanced melanoma with the primary endpoint of response rate. Thirteen patients with GRM1-positive tumors were enrolled. No objective responses were observed, and accrual was stopped. Stable disease was noted in six (46%) patients, with one patient on study for 42 weeks. Riluzole was well tolerated, with fatigue (62%) as the most common adverse event. Downregulation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT was noted in 33% of paired tumor biopsies. Hypothesis-generating correlative studies suggested that downregulation of angiogenic markers and increased leukocytes at the active edge of tumor correlate with clinical benefit. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed interpatient variability consistent with prior riluzole studies. Future investigations should interrogate mechanisms of biologic activity and advance the development of agents with improved bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Mehnert
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ann W Silk
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - J H Lee
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Liesel Dudek
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jiadong Li
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Evita Sadimin
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Kane
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Hongxia Lin
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Weichung J Shih
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew Zloza
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Suzie Chen
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - James S Goydos
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Raone B, Patrizi A, Gurioli C, Gazzola A, Ravaioli GM. Cutaneous carcinogenic risk evaluation in 375 patients treated with narrowband-UVB phototherapy: A 15-year experience from our Institute. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2018. [PMID: 29533483 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Narrowband-ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) is widely used for the treatment of several dermatological diseases. A cutaneous carcinogenic effect has been hypothesized, but not proved. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients treated with NB-UVB between January 1998 and December 2013 at the Dermatology Unit of our University Hospital, to evaluate the cutaneous carcinogenic risk of NB-UVB. RESULTS In all, 375 patients were included, each receiving a mean follow-up of 6.9 years. Vitiligo and psoriasis were the most common diseases. In total, 19 non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) were diagnosed in eight patients, after a mean latency of 5.2 years after the first radiation. No malignant melanoma (MM) was observed. The incidence rates of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were 620.2/100 ̇000 p/y and 116.3/100 ̇000 p/y. NMSCs were more frequent in patients affected by psoriasis (P = .0232), with older age at the first radiation (mean = 68.8 years, P = .0001). CONCLUSION Despite the small number of patients and limited follow-up, our data suggest that NB-UVB may trigger cutaneous carcinogenesis, mainly in patients at risk for NMSCs, increasing their personal risk for single and multiple neoplasms, usually superficial BCCs. MM risk does not seem to be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Raone
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlotta Gurioli
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Gazzola
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Ravaioli
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Cherobin ACFP, Wainstein AJA, Colosimo EA, Goulart EMA, Bittencourt FV. Prognostic factors for metastasis in cutaneous melanoma. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 93:19-26. [PMID: 29641692 PMCID: PMC5871357 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20184779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a malignant neoplasia that shows high mortality when diagnosed in advanced stages. Early identification of high-risk patients for the development of melanoma metastases is the main strategy to reduce mortality. OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of eight epidemiological and histopathologic features on the development of metastases in patients diagnosed with primary cutaneous melanoma. METHODS Our historical cohort comprised patients with invasive primary cutaneous melanoma seen between 1995 and 2012 at a public university hospital and a private oncologic surgery institution in Southeastern Brazil. The following variables were analyzed: gender, age, family history of melanoma, site of the primary tumor, clinical and histologic subtype, Breslow thickness, histologic ulceration and the mitotic index. Kaplan-Meier univariate test and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to assess factors associated with disease-free survival. RESULTS Five hundred and fourteen patients were enrolled. The univariate analysis identified the following significant risk factors: gender, age, site of the tumor, clinical and histologic subtype, Breslow thickness, histologic ulceration and mitotic index. Multivariate analysis included 244 patients and detected four significant prognostic factors: male gender, nodular clinical and histologic subtype, Breslow thickness > 4mm, and histologic ulceration. The mitotic index was not included in this analysis. STUDY LIMITATIONS Small number of patients in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS The following prognostic factors to the development of melanoma metastasis were identified in the study: male gender, nodular histologic subtype, Breslow thickness > 4mm and ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrico Antônio Colosimo
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade
Federal de Minas Gerais (ICEx-UFMG) - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Eugênio Marcos Andrade Goulart
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade
Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
| | - Flávia Vasques Bittencourt
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas,
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HC-UFMG) - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil
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Bieryło A, Brzósko S, Laudańska E, Naumnik B. [ Skin cancers in kidney transplant recipients]. Wiad Lek 2017; 70:68-73. [PMID: 28343197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage renal failure. It prolongs the patient's life, improves quality of life and reduces costs associated with renal replacement therapy. Increasingly, newer immunosuppressive regimens allow for the proper functioning of the transplanted organ for many years. The progress in transplantation, qualification patients in older age for the procedure and longer survival of kidney graft lead to an increase in the number of patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs. They are exposed to various side effects associated with long-term suppression of the immune system, including an increased risk of cancer development. The most common malignancies (40- 50%) diagnosed in renal transplant recipients are skin cancers. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are the most common types of tumors occurring in this population. The use of immunosuppression resulted in the increase of the incidence of tumors that in the general population are relatively rare such as melanoma, Merkel cell cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, anogenital cancer as well as sebaceous carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bieryło
- I Klinika Nefrologii I Transplantologii Z Ośrodkiem Dializ Uniwersytetu Medycznego, Białystok, Polska
| | - Szymon Brzósko
- I Klinika Nefrologii I Transplantologii Z Ośrodkiem Dializ Uniwersytetu Medycznego, Białystok, Polska
| | - Elżbieta Laudańska
- I Klinika Nefrologii I Transplantologii Z Ośrodkiem Dializ Uniwersytetu Medycznego, Białystok, Polska
| | - Beata Naumnik
- I Klinika Nefrologii I Transplantologii Z Ośrodkiem Dializ Uniwersytetu Medycznego, Białystok, Polska
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40
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Denisova E, Heidenreich B, Nagore E, Rachakonda PS, Hosen I, Akrap I, Traves V, García-Casado Z, López-Guerrero JA, Requena C, Sanmartin O, Serra-Guillén C, Llombart B, Guillén C, Ferrando J, Gimeno E, Nordheim A, Hemminki K, Kumar R. Frequent DPH3 promoter mutations in skin cancers. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35922-30. [PMID: 26416425 PMCID: PMC4742151 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggested frequent occurrence of cancer associated somatic mutations within regulatory elements of the genome. Based on initial exome sequencing of 21 melanomas, we report frequent somatic mutations in skin cancers in a bidirectional promoter of diphthamide biosynthesis 3 (DPH3) and oxidoreductase NAD-binding domain containing 1 (OXNAD1) genes. The UV-signature mutations occurred at sites adjacent and within a binding motif for E-twenty six/ternary complex factors (Ets/TCF), at -8 and -9 bp from DPH3 transcription start site. Follow up screening of 586 different skin lesions showed that the DPH3 promoter mutations were present in melanocytic nevi (2/114; 2%), melanoma (30/304; 10%), basal cell carcinoma of skin (BCC; 57/137; 42%) and squamous cell carcinoma of skin (SCC; 12/31; 39%). Reporter assays carried out in one melanoma cell line for DPH3 and OXNAD1 orientations showed statistically significant increased promoter activity due to -8/-9CC > TT tandem mutations; although, no effect of the mutations on DPH3 and OXNAD1 transcription in tumors was observed. The results from this study show occurrence of frequent somatic non-coding mutations adjacent to a pre-existing binding site for Ets transcription factors within the directional promoter of DPH3 and OXNAD1 genes in three major skin cancers. The detected mutations displayed typical UV signature; however, the functionality of the mutations remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Denisova
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Heidenreich
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Ismail Hosen
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivana Akrap
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Tuebingen University, and IMPRS ("From Molecules to Organisms"), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Víctor Traves
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Zaida García-Casado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Celia Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Onofre Sanmartin
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Llombart
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Guillén
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Ferrando
- Departments of Pathology & Dermatology, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Gimeno
- Departments of Pathology & Dermatology, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfred Nordheim
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Tuebingen University, and IMPRS ("From Molecules to Organisms"), Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK/DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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41
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Bianconi F, Masanotti GM, Liso A, La Rosa F, Duca E, Stracci F. Seasonal Variation in Skin Cancer Diagnosis. Front Public Health 2016; 4:78. [PMID: 27200331 PMCID: PMC4848301 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Seasonality of skin cancer is well known, and it is influenced by a number of variables, such as exposure and personal characteristics, but also health service factors. We investigated the variations in the diagnosis melanoma skin cancer (MSC) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) during the year. Methods We analyzed incident cases recorded in the Umbria Regional Cancer registry from 1994 to 2010 (1745 cases of MSC, 50% females, and 15,992 NMSC, 41% females). The Walter–Elwood test was used to assess seasonal effects. Relative risks were analyzed using negative binomial regression and splines. Results Seasonality of MSC and NMSC was similar. Incidence peaks were observed in weeks 8, 24, and 43 (February, July, and October) and troughs in weeks 16, 32, 52, and 1 (August and December). Both NMSC and MSC cancers showed most elevated risks in autumn. A seasonal effect was present for trunk (p < 0.001) and absent for face cancers (p = 0.3). Conclusion The observed pattern of diagnoses presumably depends on health service factors (e.g., organization of melanoma days, reduced access to care in August and during Christmas holidays) and personal factors (e.g., unclothing in the summer and delays in seeking care). High incidence rates in autumn could also in part depend on a late cancer progression effect of UV exposure. More efforts should be placed in order to guarantee uniform access to care through the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fortunato Bianconi
- Public Health Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Umbrian Population Cancer Registry, Regional Government of Umbria, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Masanotti
- Public Health Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Arcangelo Liso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Francesco La Rosa
- Umbrian Population Cancer Registry, Regional Government of Umbria, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Emilio Duca
- Department of Health, Regional Government of Umbria , Perugia , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stracci
- Public Health Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Umbrian Population Cancer Registry, Regional Government of Umbria, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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42
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Uğrlu Z, Işık SA, Balanuye B, Budak E, Elbaş NÖ, Kav S. Awareness of Skin Cancer, Prevention, and Early Detection among Turkish University Students. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2016; 3:93-97. [PMID: 27981144 PMCID: PMC5123539 DOI: 10.4103/2347-5625.170969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the awareness about skin cancer, prevention, and early detection among university students. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 404 students in a university located in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. A 35-item questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: Less than half of the students (37.9%) had knowledge about skin cancer mostly through the internet (24.5%) and media (24.1%). Half of them aware of the risk factors; mostly as avoiding direct exposure to the Sun between 10 am and 4 pm (45.3%); smoking and alcohol (38.4%); having fair skin color (34.9%); and ultraviolet light exposure (25.7%). Only one-third of them (32.9%) are knowledgeable about skin cancer signs and symptoms, such as a change in color and appearance of the nevus/moles (24%). The majority of the responders (77.3%) did not know about screening tests for skin cancer and only 18 (4.5%) students were practicing skin self-examination. Conclusions: This study showed a lack of knowledge about skin cancer, prevention, and early detection among university students and reported the need for educational interventions to raise awareness in this target group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyafet Uğrlu
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Avcı Işık
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berrak Balanuye
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Budak
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nalân Özhan Elbaş
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sultan Kav
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Mukherjee P, Misra SK, Gryka MC, Chang HH, Tiwari S, Wilson WL, Scott JW, Bhargava R, Pan D. Tunable Luminescent Carbon Nanospheres with Well-Defined Nanoscale Chemistry for Synchronized Imaging and Therapy. Small 2015; 11:4691-4703. [PMID: 25994248 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate the significance of defined surface chemistry in synthesizing luminescent carbon nanomaterials (LCN) with the capability to perform dual functions (i.e., diagnostic imaging and therapy). The surface chemistry of LCN has been tailored to achieve two different varieties: one that has a thermoresponsive polymer and aids in the controlled delivery of drugs, and the other that has fluorescence emission both in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) region and can be explored for advanced diagnostic modes. Although these particles are synthesized using simple, yet scalable hydrothermal methods, they exhibit remarkable stability, photoluminescence and biocompatibility. The photoluminescence properties of these materials are tunable through careful choice of surface-passivating agents and can be exploited for both visible and NIR imaging. Here the synthetic strategy demonstrates the possibility to incorporate a potent antimetastatic agent for inhibiting melanomas in vitro. Since both particles are Raman active, their dispersion on skin surface is reported with Raman imaging and utilizing photoluminescence, their depth penetration is analysed using fluorescence 3D imaging. Our results indicate a new generation of tunable carbon-based probes for diagnosis, therapy or both.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biocompatible Materials/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Complement Activation
- Humans
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional
- Luminescence
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Microscopy, Atomic Force
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Molecular Imaging
- Nanospheres/chemistry
- Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry
- Photochemistry
- Polymers/chemistry
- Spectrophotometry, Infrared
- Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
- Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
- Spectrum Analysis, Raman
- Swine
- Temperature
- Theranostic Nanomedicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha Mukherjee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Santosh K Misra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Mark C Gryka
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Huei-Huei Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Saumya Tiwari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - William L Wilson
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - John W Scott
- Illinois Sustainability Technology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Carle Foundation Hospital, 502 N. Busey St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, 502 N. Busey St., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Saxena SK, Pandey U, Kumar Y, Chakravarty R, Sarma HD, Dash A. On the application of Nafion membrane for the preparation of (90)Y skin patches, quality control, and biological evaluation for treatment of superficial tumors. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2014; 29:200-9. [PMID: 24852244 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2014.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the preparation, quality control, and biological evaluation of (90)Y-skin patches based on Nafion(®) membrane as a viable treatment modality for superficial skin tumors such as melanoma. To arrive at the conditions for optimum uptake of (90)Y on the membrane, influence of various experimental parameters, such as pH of the feed solution, inactive yttrium carrier concentration, reaction volume, contact time, and temperature, was systematically investigated. Under the optimized conditions, >95% of the (90)Y activity (37-185 MBq) could be incorporated in the Nafion membranes to prepare (90)Y-skin patches. Quality control tests were carried out to ensure nonleachability, uniform distribution of activity, and stability of the (90)Y-patches. Mice bearing transplanted melanoma tumors that were treated with two doses of 74 MBq (90)Y-Nafion membrane sources showed complete tumor regression. Histopathological examination of the treated area showed absence of tumor. The results of the study indicate the potential of (90)Y-Nafion membrane sources for treatment of superficial skin tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Saxena
- 1 Isotope Applications & Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai, India
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Witmanowski H, Lewandowska M, Szychta P, Sporny S, Rykała J. The development of squamous cell carcinoma in a patient after kidney transplantation: a case report. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2013; 30:65-71. [PMID: 24278050 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2013.33383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with organ transplantation as compared to the general population the risk of cancer is significantly increased. The most common changes are malignant tumors of the skin, constituting 30-65% of malignant tumors found in recipients. Potential risk factors for skin cancer after a transplant operation are: solar radiation, immunosuppressive therapy, genetic factors, infection with HPV and skin cancer transmission before transplantation. In contrast to the immunocompetent population, skin cancers in transplant recipients are dominated by squamous cell carcinoma, followed by basal cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma in patients after transplantation is characterized by a strong tendency to give local recurrences and distant metastases. Due to the high risk of developing skin cancer in transplant recipients, preventive oncology plays an important role in the long-term care of patients after transplantation. This includes: sun protection, education, and early treatment of patients with precancerous lesions. It is also stressed that systematic dermatologic studies need to be carried out in patients after transplantation surgery. The paper contains basic information about skin cancers in organ transplant recipients: epidemiology, potential risk factors, treatment and prognosis. The paper presents also a case of patient who developed squamous cell carcinoma of the skin 3 years after renal transplantation.
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Mogensen M, Jemec GB. The potential carcinogenic risk of tanning beds: clinical guidelines and patient safety advice. Cancer Manag Res 2010; 2:277-82. [PMID: 21188119 PMCID: PMC3004589 DOI: 10.2147/cmr.s7403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2009, the WHO listed ultraviolet (UV) radiation as a group 1 carcinogen. In spite of this, each year, millions of people tan indoor in Western countries. The aim of this review is to summarize evidence of tanning bed carcinogenesis and to present guidelines for use of tanning beds and patient safety advice. METHODS A narrative review of the literature was conducted based on both PubMed and Medline searches and on literature review of the retrieved papers. RESULTS Use of indoor tanning beds represents a significant and avoidable risk factor for the development of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers. Frequent tanners are more often adolescent females. Tanning beds have additional potential adverse effects such as burns, solar skin damage, infection, and possibly also addictive behavior. DISCUSSION The effort in preventing UV light-induced carcinogenesis should currently be aimed at developing new strategies for public health information. Tanning beds are one preventable source of UV radiation. In the majority of people solar UV radiation continues to be the major factor and therefore anti-tanning campaigns must always include sunbathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Mogensen
- Department of Dermatology, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
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