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Qu HQ, Glessner JT, Qu J, Liu Y, Watson D, Chang X, Saeidian AH, Qiu H, Mentch FD, Connolly JJ, Hakonarson H. High Comorbidity of Pediatric Cancers in Patients with Birth Defects: Insights from Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis of Copy Number Variations. Transl Res 2024; 266:49-56. [PMID: 37989391 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with birth defects (BD) exhibit an elevated risk of cancer. We aimed to investigate the potential link between pediatric cancers and BDs, exploring the hypothesis of shared genetic defects contributing to the coexistence of these conditions. METHODS This study included 1454 probands with BDs (704 females and 750 males), including 619 (42.3%) with and 845 (57.7%) without co-occurrence of pediatric onset cancers. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was done at 30X coverage through the Kids First/Gabriella Miller X01 Program. RESULTS 8211 CNV loci were called from the 1454 unrelated individuals. 191 CNV loci classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) were identified in 309 (21.3%) patients, with 124 (40.1%) of these patients having pediatric onset cancers. The most common group of CNVs are pathogenic deletions covering the region ChrX:52,863,011-55,652,521, seen in 162 patients including 17 males. Large recurrent P/LP duplications >5MB were detected in 33 patients. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that P/LP CNVs were common in a large cohort of BD patients with high rate of pediatric cancers. We present a comprehensive spectrum of P/LP CNVs in patients with BDs and various cancers. Notably, deletions involving E2F target genes and genes implicated in mitotic spindle assembly and G2/M checkpoint were identified, potentially disrupting cell-cycle progression and providing mechanistic insights into the concurrent occurrence of BDs and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Qu
- Center for Applied Genomics (CAG), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Joseph T Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics (CAG), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Jingchun Qu
- Center for Applied Genomics (CAG), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Yichuan Liu
- Center for Applied Genomics (CAG), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Deborah Watson
- Center for Applied Genomics (CAG), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Xiao Chang
- Center for Applied Genomics (CAG), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Center for Applied Genomics (CAG), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Haijun Qiu
- Center for Applied Genomics (CAG), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Frank D Mentch
- Center for Applied Genomics (CAG), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - John J Connolly
- Center for Applied Genomics (CAG), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics (CAG), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA; Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Hentschke MR, Petzold AP, Badalotti-Teloken I, Dornelles VC, Wingert FM, Azambuja R, Sanseverino MTV, Petracco A, Badalotti M. Birth after low-level +20 Aneuploid Mosaic Embryo Transfer: A Case Report. JBRA Assist Reprod 2024; 28:203-205. [PMID: 38381775 PMCID: PMC10936912 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20230055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, it has been discussed whether or not mosaic embryo transfers should be performed since they might result in viable pregnancies, although they often end up being discarded. We report a case of successful pregnancy, after a mosaic embryo transfer from an in vitro matured egg and frozen PESA sperm. CASE DESCRIPTION Tests performed on a female aged 40 years and a male aged 37 years seeking fertility treatment found she had an adequate ovarian reserve and patent fallopian tubes. He had a history of cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia repair. The spermogram showed azoospermia, and testicular ultrasound showed an atrophic left testicle and a normal right testis. The vas deferens was palpated during physical examination. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection with percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) was indicated. Two cycles of IVF after controlled ovarian stimulation with follitropin delta was performed. In the first cycle, seven mature eggs were inseminated, two fertilized normally, resulting in one blastocyst biopsied and analyzed by NGS with complex aneuploid results. In the second cycle, frozen sperm from PESA was used. Three eggs were inseminated on the day of the procedure (resulting in 2 blastocysts), and three in vitro matured eggs were inseminated after 24 hours (resulting in 1 blastocyst). NGS analysis showed two complex aneuploid embryos and one 40% low-level trisomy 20 aneuploid mosaicism (+20) for the post 24-hour embryo. A mosaic embryo transfer was performed, resulting in clinical pregnancy and birth of a healthy baby girl with a normal blood karyotype. DISCUSSION Mosaic embryo transfer is a topic for discussion. Certain levels of mosaicism do not seem to pose risks to the development of the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ribeiro Hentschke
- Fertilitat - Reproductive Medicine Center, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Azambuja
- Fertilitat - Reproductive Medicine Center, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Vieira Sanseverino
- Fertilitat - Reproductive Medicine Center, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Petracco
- Fertilitat - Reproductive Medicine Center, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Badalotti
- Fertilitat - Reproductive Medicine Center, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Elmerdahl Frederiksen L, Ølgaard SM, Roos L, Petersen OB, Rode L, Hartwig T, Ekelund CK, Vogel I. Maternal age and the risk of fetal aneuploidy: A nationwide cohort study of more than 500 000 singleton pregnancies in Denmark from 2008 to 2017. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2024; 103:351-359. [PMID: 37986093 PMCID: PMC10823394 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this register-based study of pregnancies in Denmark, we assessed the associations between maternal age and the risk of fetal aneuploidies (trisomy 21, trisomy 18, trisomy 13, triploidy, monosomy X and other sex chromosome aberrations). Additionally, we aimed to disentangle the maternal age-related effect on fetal aneuploidies by cases with translocation trisomies and mosaicisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS We followed a nationwide cohort of 542 375 singleton-pregnant women attending first trimester screening in Denmark between 2008 and 2017 until delivery, miscarriage or termination of pregnancy. We used six maternal age categories and retrieved information on genetically confirmed aneuploidies of the fetus and infant from the national cytogenetic register. RESULTS We confirmed the known associations between advanced maternal age and higher risk of trisomy 21, 18, 13 and other sex chromosome aberrations, especially in women aged ≥35 years, whereas we found no age-related associations with triploidy or monosomy X. Cases with translocation trisomies and mosaicisms did not influence the overall reported association between maternal age and aneuploidies. CONCLUSION This study provides insight into the accurate risk of fetal aneuploidies that pregnant women of advanced ages encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofie Møller Ølgaard
- Center For Fetal Diagnostics, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Laura Roos
- Department of Clinical GeneticsCopenhagen University Hospital, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Olav Bjørn Petersen
- Center of Fetal Medicine, Department of ObstetricsCopenhagen University Hospital, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Line Rode
- Center of Fetal Medicine, Department of ObstetricsCopenhagen University Hospital, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Tanja Hartwig
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyCopenhagen University Hospital HvidovreHvidovreDenmark
| | - Charlotte Kvist Ekelund
- Center of Fetal Medicine, Department of ObstetricsCopenhagen University Hospital, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Ida Vogel
- Center For Fetal Diagnostics, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
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Ma L, Li Y, Li L, Wu H, Liu Y, Yang X, Lin A. A high Z-score might increase the positive predictive value of cell-free noninvasive prenatal testing for singleton-pregnant women. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2233662. [PMID: 37433666 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2233662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the positive predictive value (PPV) in noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT)-positive cases and analyze the effect of the Z-score intervals on PPV performance. METHODS In this retrospective study, 26,667 pregnant women underwent NIPT from November 2014 to August 2022, of which 169 were NIPT-positive cases. NIPT-positive cases were divided into three groups according to the Z-score: 3 ≤ Z < 6, 6 ≤ Z < 10, and Z ≥ 10. RESULTS The PPVs of NIPT were 91.26% (94/103) for trisomy (T) 21, 80.65% (25/31) for T18, and 36.84% (7/19) for T13. The PPVs for the 3 ≤ Z < 6, 6 ≤ Z < 10, and Z ≥ 10 groups were 50%, 84.62%, and 87.95%, respectively. A higher PPV was found in the NIPT results when the Z-score was larger, with significant differences. The PPVs for T21/T18/T13 were 71.43%/42.86%/25% for 3 ≤ Z < 6, 90.32%/85.71%/57.14% for 6 ≤ Z < 10, and 93.85%/100%/25% for Z ≥ 10. For T21, T18, and T13, the correlations between the Z-score and fetal fraction concentration in true positives were r = 0.85, r = 0.59, and r = 0.71 (all p < .001), respectively. CONCLUSION Z-score is associated with the PPV performance of NIPT in fetal T13, T18, and T21. The possibility of false positives caused by placental chimerism should be considered when determining whether high Z-values lead to high PPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Center for Laboratory Diagnosis, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Li
- Center for Laboratory Diagnosis, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wu
- Center for Laboratory Diagnosis, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Liu
- Center for Laboratory Diagnosis, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Center for Laboratory Diagnosis, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Aimin Lin
- Department of Gynaecology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
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Eiben B, Glaubitz R, Winkler T, Teubert A, Borth H. Clinical Experience with Noninvasive Prenatal Testing in Twin Pregnancy Samples at a Single Center in Germany. J Lab Physicians 2023; 15:590-595. [PMID: 37780866 PMCID: PMC10539069 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we wanted to determine the performance of a paired-end sequencing-based noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) assay in the detection of common fetal trisomies in twin pregnancy samples. Samples from patients with a twin pregnancy were collected from at least 10 weeks of gestation and analyzed at a single prenatal center in Germany. Results of Anomaly Detected (i.e., high risk) or No Anomaly Detected (i.e., low risk) for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, or trisomy 13 were reported. Follow-up confirmatory outcomes were requested for all cases. A total of 1,658 patients with twin pregnancies submitted samples during the study period; only two of these samples failed resulting in a low failure rate of 0.12%. Of the remaining 1,656 cases, there were 1,625 (98.1%) low-risk and 31 (1.9%) high-risk NIPT samples in our cohort. Of these, follow-up information was available for 301 (18.5%) of the low-risk samples and 19 (61.3%) of the high-risk samples. All of the low-risk cases with follow-up were determined to be true negatives giving an estimated negative predictive value of 100%. Seventeen of the 19 high-risk samples with follow-up were true positives, resulting in an overall positive predictive value of 89.5%. Sensitivities of > 99.9% were noted for both trisomy 21 and trisomy 18, with high specificities of ≥ 99.7% observed for all three trisomies. In conclusion, our study showed strong performance of the NIPT assay in the detection of common fetal trisomies in twin pregnancy samples, with high sensitivities, specificities, and positive predictive values observed based on known clinical outcomes along with a low failure rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Eiben
- Amedes Institut für Labormedizin und Klinische Genetik Rhein/Ruhr, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Winkler
- Amedes Institut für Labormedizin und Klinische Genetik Rhein/Ruhr, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Heike Borth
- Amedes Institut für Labormedizin und Klinische Genetik Rhein/Ruhr, Essen, Germany
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Ariad D, Madjunkova S, Madjunkov M, Chen S, Abramov R, Librach C, McCoy RC. Aberrant landscapes of maternal meiotic crossovers contribute to aneuploidies in human embryos. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.07.543910. [PMID: 37333422 PMCID: PMC10274764 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.07.543910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is crucial for human genetic diversity and chromosome segregation accuracy. Understanding its variation across individuals and the processes by which it goes awry are long-standing goals in human genetics. Current approaches for inferring recombination landscapes either rely on population genetic patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD)-capturing a time-averaged view-or direct detection of crossovers in gametes or multi-generation pedigrees, which limits dataset scale and availability. Here, we introduce an approach for inferring sex-specific recombination landscapes using data from preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). This method relies on low-coverage (<0.05×) whole-genome sequencing of in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryo biopsies. To overcome the data sparsity, our method exploits its inherent relatedness structure, knowledge of haplotypes from external population reference panels, as well as the frequent occurrence of monosomies in embryos, whereby the remaining chromosome is phased by default. Extensive simulations demonstrate our method's high accuracy, even at coverages as low as 0.02×. Applying this method to PGT-A data from 18,967 embryos, we mapped 70,660 recombination events with ~150 kbp resolution, replicating established sex-specific recombination patterns. We observed a reduced total length of the female genetic map in trisomies compared to disomies, as well as chromosome-specific alterations in crossover distributions. Based on haplotype configurations in pericentromeric regions, our data indicate chromosome-specific propensities for different mechanisms of meiotic error. Our results provide a comprehensive view of the role of aberrant meiotic recombination in the origins of human aneuploidies and offer a versatile tool for mapping crossovers in low-coverage sequencing data from multiple siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ariad
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Svetlana Madjunkova
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Siwei Chen
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Clifford Librach
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rajiv C. McCoy
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhegalova IV, Vasiluev PA, Flyamer IM, Shtompel AS, Glazyrina E, Shilova N, Minzhenkova M, Markova Z, Petrova NV, Dashinimaev EB, Razin SV, Ulianov SV. Trisomies Reorganize Human 3D Genome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16044. [PMID: 38003233 PMCID: PMC10671006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Trisomy is the presence of one extra copy of an entire chromosome or its part in a cell nucleus. In humans, autosomal trisomies are associated with severe developmental abnormalities leading to embryonic lethality, miscarriage or pronounced deviations of various organs and systems at birth. Trisomies are characterized by alterations in gene expression level, not exclusively on the trisomic chromosome, but throughout the genome. Here, we applied the high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technique (Hi-C) to study chromatin 3D structure in human chorion cells carrying either additional chromosome 13 (Patau syndrome) or chromosome 16 and in cultured fibroblasts with extra chromosome 18 (Edwards syndrome). The presence of extra chromosomes results in systematic changes of contact frequencies between small and large chromosomes. Analyzing the behavior of individual chromosomes, we found that a limited number of chromosomes change their contact patterns stochastically in trisomic cells and that it could be associated with lamina-associated domains (LAD) and gene content. For trisomy 13 and 18, but not for trisomy 16, the proportion of compacted loci on a chromosome is correlated with LAD content. We also found that regions of the genome that become more compact in trisomic cells are enriched in housekeeping genes, indicating a possible decrease in chromatin accessibility and transcription level of these genes. These results provide a framework for understanding the mechanisms of pan-genome transcription dysregulation in trisomies in the context of chromatin spatial organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Zhegalova
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russia
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127051 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ilya M. Flyamer
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anastasia S. Shtompel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Structural-Functional Organization of Chromosomes, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | | | | | - Zhanna Markova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Petrova
- Laboratory of Structural-Functional Organization of Chromosomes, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Erdem B. Dashinimaev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Razin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Structural-Functional Organization of Chromosomes, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey V. Ulianov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Structural-Functional Organization of Chromosomes, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
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Cisterna B, Boschi F, Lacavalla MA, Vattemi GNA, Zancanaro C, Malatesta M. Physical training promotes remodeling of the skeletal muscle extracellular matrix: An ultrastructural study in a murine model of Down syndrome. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1517-1528. [PMID: 37381675 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetically based disease caused by triplication of chromosome 21. DS is characterized by multi-systemic premature aging associated with deficit in motor coordination, balance, and postural control. Using a morphological, morphometrical, and immunocytochemical ultrastructural approach, this study investigated in vastus lateralis muscle of Ts65Dn mouse, a murine model of DS, the effect of an adapted physical training on the extracellular matrix (ECM) characteristics and whether the forecasted exercise-induced ECM remodeling impacts on sarcomere organization. Morphometry demonstrated thicker basement membrane and larger collagen bundles with larger interfibrillar spacing as well as irregularly arrayed myofibrils and lower telethonin density on Z-lines in trisomic versus euploid sedentary mice. In agreement with the multi-systemic premature aging described in DS, these ECM alterations were similar to those previously observed in skeletal muscle of aged mice. Adapted physical training induced remodeling of ECM in both trisomic and euploid mice, that is, enlargement of the collagen bundles associated with hypertrophy of collagen fibrils and reduction of the interfibrillar spacing. A re-alignment of the myofibrils and a higher telethonin density on Z-line was found in trisomic mice. Altogether, our findings suggest that physical training is an effective tool in limiting/counteracting the trisomy-associated musculoskeletal structural anomalies. The current findings constitute a solid experimental background for further study investigating the possible positive effect of physical training on skeletal muscle performance. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Vastus lateralis muscle of trisomic mice shows aging-like alterations of extracellular matrix. Training promotes extracellular matrix remodeling. Training may be an effective tool to counteract trisomy-associated alterations of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cisterna
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Lacavalla
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Zancanaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Dugoff L, Koelper NC, Chasen ST, Russo ML, Roman AS, Limaye MA, Ranzini AC, Clifford CM, Biggio JR, Subramaniam A, Seasely A, Patil AS, Weed S, Page JM, Nicholas S, Idler J, Rao RR, Crowder A, Shree R, McLennan G, Bromley B. Cell-free DNA screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancy: a large multicenter cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 229:435.e1-435.e7. [PMID: 37030426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of cell-free DNA from maternal blood provides effective screening for trisomy 21 in singleton pregnancies. Data on cell-free DNA screening in twin gestations are promising although limited. In previous twin studies, cell-free DNA screening was primarily performed in the second trimester and many studies did not report chorionicity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the screening performance of cell-free DNA for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies in a large, diverse cohort. A secondary aim was to evaluate screening performance for trisomy 18 and trisomy 13. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of twin pregnancies from 17 centers for which cell-free DNA screening was performed from December 2011 to February 2020 by one laboratory using massively parallel sequencing technology. Medical record review was conducted for all newborns and data on the birth outcome, the presence of any congenital abnormalities, phenotypic appearance at birth, and any chromosomal testing that was undertaken in the antenatal or postnatal period were extracted. Cases with a possible fetal chromosomal abnormality with no genetic test results were reviewed by a committee of maternal-fetal medicine geneticists. Cases with a vanishing twin and inadequate follow-up information were excluded. A minimum of 35 confirmed cases of trisomy 21 was required to capture a sensitivity of at least 90% with a prevalence of at least 1.9% with 80% power. Test characteristics were calculated for each outcome. RESULTS A total of 1764 samples were sent for twin cell-free DNA screening. Of those, 78 cases with a vanishing twin and 239 cases with inadequate follow-up were excluded, leaving a total of 1447 cases for inclusion in the analysis. The median maternal age was 35 years and the median gestational age at cell-free DNA testing was 12.3 weeks. In total, 81% of the twins were dichorionic. The median fetal fraction was 12.4%. Trisomy 21 was detected in 41 of 42 pregnancies, yielding a detection rate of 97.6% (95% confidence interval, 83.8-99.7). There was 1 false negative and no false positive cases. Trisomy 21 was detected in 38 out of 39 dichorionic twin pregnancies, yielding a detection rate of 97.4% (95% confidence interval, 82.6-99.7). Trisomy 18 was detected in 10 of the 10 affected pregnancies. There was 1 false positive case. Trisomy 13 was detected in 4 of the 5 cases, yielding a detection rate of 80% (95% confidence interval, 11.1-99.2). There was one false negative and no false positive cases. The nonreportable rate was low at 3.9 %. CONCLUSION Cell-free DNA testing is effective in screening for trisomy 21 in twin gestations from the first trimester of pregnancy. Detection of trisomy 21 was high in dichorionic and monochorionic twins, and the nonreportable result rates were low. This study included high numbers of cases of trisomy 18 and 13 when compared with the current literature. Although screening for these conditions in twins seems to be promising, the numbers were too small to make definitive conclusions regarding the screening efficacy for these conditions. It is possible that cell-free DNA testing performance may differ among laboratories and vary with screening methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Dugoff
- Division of Reproductive Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Nathanael C Koelper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen T Chasen
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NewYork Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Melissa L Russo
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Women & Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Ashley S Roman
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Meghana A Limaye
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Angela C Ranzini
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH
| | - Caitlin M Clifford
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joseph R Biggio
- Section of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Women's Service Line, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA
| | - Akila Subramaniam
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Center for Women's Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Angela Seasely
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Center for Women's Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Avinash S Patil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Samantha Weed
- Franciscan Maternal-Fetal Medicine Associates, Tacoma, WA
| | - Jessica M Page
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Utah Healthcare and Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sara Nicholas
- Axia Women's Health Main Line Perinatal Associates, Wynnewood, PA
| | - Jay Idler
- Allegheny Health Network, Drexel University College of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rashmi R Rao
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Raj Shree
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Bryann Bromley
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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10
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Kelly K, Leitao S, Meaney S, O'Donoghue K. Pregnant people's views and knowledge on prenatal screening for fetal trisomy in the absence of a national screening program. J Genet Couns 2023. [PMID: 37723939 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple non-invasive prenatal tests (NIPT) are available to screen for risk of fetal trisomy, however, there is no national prenatal screening program in Republic of Ireland. This study aimed to analyze pregnant people's opinions on availability, cost, and knowledge of NIPT for fetal aneuploidy. An anonymous questionnaire on prenatal screening tests and termination of pregnancy was distributed to patients attending antenatal clinics at a tertiary hospital. Descriptive analyses and chi-squared tests were completed. Among respondents, 62% (200/321) understood the scope of prenatal screening tests, with 77% (251/326) and 76% (245/323) correctly interpreting low- and high-risk test results, respectively. Only 26% (83/319) of participants had heard of NIPT. Chi-square tests showed a higher proportion of these people were ≥40 years old (p-value, <0.001), had post-graduate education (p-value, <0.001), or attended private clinics (p-value <0.001). Over 91% (303/331) of participants said every pregnant person should be offered prenatal screening tests for aneuploidy and 88% (263/299) believed these should be free. While pregnant Irish individuals have reasonable understanding of screening test interpretation, most were unaware of screening options. Additionally, participants' views on availability and associated cost of tests show the need for a national prenatal screening program, including education on fetal aneuploidy. These findings have relevance for countries without screening policies and are pertinent for broader maternity services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Kelly
- Pregnancy Loss Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sara Leitao
- Pregnancy Loss Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Centre (NPEC), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah Meaney
- Pregnancy Loss Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Centre (NPEC), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Keelin O'Donoghue
- Pregnancy Loss Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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11
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Feng Q, Yu J, Yu J, Hu M, Gu L, Wang H, Du X, Zhu B, Cai M. Identification and Genome-Wide Gene Expression Perturbation of a Trisomy in Chinese Kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3199. [PMID: 37765363 PMCID: PMC10536521 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Trisomy harbouring an extra copy of the chromosome generally causes a variety of physical and intellectual disabilities in mammals but is an extremely rare and important genetic stock in plants. In this study, a spontaneous trisomy plant in a Chinese kale accession (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra, CC, 2n = 18) that showed significantly smaller plant architecture when compared to other normal plants was found and subsequently confirmed by cytological analysis in which the chromosome set of 2n = 19 and abnormal chromosome behaviour were observed. Then, based on the gene expression deviation determined by RNA-seq, the extra chromosome copy in this trisomy was identified as chromosome C2 (TC2). Compared to normal plants, TC2 not only showed generally upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) on chromosome C2 (97.21% of 573 DEGs in chromosome C2) but also exhibited a whole-genome expression perturbation, in which 1329 DEGs (69.87% of total DEGs) were observed along two-copy chromosomes (trans-effect). The genes in the high (gene expression value > 100) and medium (100 > gene expression value > 10) groups were more prone to decreased gene expression, but the genes in the low group (10 > gene expression value > 0.1) showed upregulated expression deviation. In addition, GO (Gene ontology) annotation analysis revealed that the upregulated DEGs in the trans-effect group were overrepresented by the genes involved in the response to stress category, while the downregulated DEGs in the trans-effect group were mostly enriched in pathways related to DNA synthesis. In conclusion, we think our results can provide important resources for genetic analysis in B. oleracea and show some novel insights for understanding trisomy plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Q.F.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Mengxian Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Q.F.); (J.Y.); (J.Y.); (M.H.); (L.G.); (H.W.); (X.D.)
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12
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Jayashankar SS, Nasaruddin ML, Hassan MF, Dasrilsyah RA, Shafiee MN, Ismail NAS, Alias E. Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT): Reliability, Challenges, and Future Directions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2570. [PMID: 37568933 PMCID: PMC10417786 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive prenatal testing was first discovered in 1988; it was primarily thought to be able to detect common aneuploidies, such as Patau syndrome (T13), Edward Syndrome (T18), and Down syndrome (T21). It comprises a simple technique involving the analysis of cell-free foetal DNA (cffDNA) obtained through maternal serum, using advances in next-generation sequencing. NIPT has shown promise as a simple and low-risk screening test, leading various governments and private organizations worldwide to dedicate significant resources towards its integration into national healthcare initiatives as well as the formation of consortia and research studies aimed at standardizing its implementation. This article aims to review the reliability of NIPT while discussing the current challenges prevalent among different communities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Shantini Jayashankar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.S.J.); (M.L.N.); (N.A.S.I.)
| | - Muhammad Luqman Nasaruddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.S.J.); (M.L.N.); (N.A.S.I.)
| | | | - Rima Anggrena Dasrilsyah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohamad Nasir Shafiee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.S.J.); (M.L.N.); (N.A.S.I.)
| | - Ekram Alias
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.S.J.); (M.L.N.); (N.A.S.I.)
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13
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Alldred MJ, Pidikiti H, Heguy A, Roussos P, Ginsberg SD. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are vulnerable in a mouse model of Down syndrome and their molecular fingerprint is rescued by maternal choline supplementation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22944. [PMID: 37191946 PMCID: PMC10292934 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202111rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) degeneration is a hallmark of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current therapeutics in these disorders have been unsuccessful in slowing disease progression, likely due to poorly understood complex pathological interactions and dysregulated pathways. The Ts65Dn trisomic mouse model recapitulates both cognitive and morphological deficits of DS and AD, including BFCN degeneration and has shown lifelong behavioral changes due to maternal choline supplementation (MCS). To test the impact of MCS on trisomic BFCNs, we performed laser capture microdissection to individually isolate choline acetyltransferase-immunopositive neurons in Ts65Dn and disomic littermates, in conjunction with MCS at the onset of BFCN degeneration. We utilized single population RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to interrogate transcriptomic changes within medial septal nucleus (MSN) BFCNs. Leveraging multiple bioinformatic analysis programs on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by genotype and diet, we identified key canonical pathways and altered physiological functions within Ts65Dn MSN BFCNs, which were attenuated by MCS in trisomic offspring, including the cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic pathways. We linked differential gene expression bioinformatically to multiple neurological functions, including motor dysfunction/movement disorder, early onset neurological disease, ataxia and cognitive impairment via Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. DEGs within these identified pathways may underlie aberrant behavior in the DS mice, with MCS attenuating the underlying gene expression changes. We propose MCS ameliorates aberrant BFCN gene expression within the septohippocampal circuit of trisomic mice through normalization of principally the cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic signaling pathways, resulting in attenuation of underlying neurological disease functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harshitha Pidikiti
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Genome Technology Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Psychiatry and the Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen D. Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Sarver DC, Xu C, Rodriguez S, Aja S, Jaffe AE, Gao FJ, Delannoy M, Periasamy M, Kazuki Y, Oshimura M, Reeves RH, Wong GW. Hypermetabolism in mice carrying a near-complete human chromosome 21. eLife 2023; 12:86023. [PMID: 37249575 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The consequences of aneuploidy have traditionally been studied in cell and animal models in which the extrachromosomal DNA is from the same species. Here, we explore a fundamental question concerning the impact of aneuploidy on systemic metabolism using a non-mosaic transchromosomic mouse model (TcMAC21) carrying a near-complete human chromosome 21. Independent of diets and housing temperatures, TcMAC21 mice consume more calories, are hyperactive and hypermetabolic, remain consistently lean and profoundly insulin sensitive, and have a higher body temperature. The hypermetabolism and elevated thermogenesis are likely due to a combination of increased activity level and sarcolipin overexpression in the skeletal muscle, resulting in futile sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity and energy dissipation. Mitochondrial respiration is also markedly increased in skeletal muscle to meet the high ATP demand created by the futile cycle and hyperactivity. This serendipitous discovery provides proof-of-concept that sarcolipin-mediated thermogenesis via uncoupling of the SERCA pump can be harnessed to promote energy expenditure and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Susana Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
- The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, United States
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Feng J Gao
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Michael Delannoy
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, United States
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Roger H Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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15
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Hirano H, Taniguchi Y, Kato M. High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy for respiratory management after postoperative re-intubation/re-extubation in patients with trisomy 18 and trisomy 13: Two case reports. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7090. [PMID: 36937645 PMCID: PMC10017397 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We present two cases of general anesthesia in children with 18, 13 trisomy. One patient had difficulty with intubation and had to be reintubated postoperatively, another developed postoperative acute respiratory distress syndrome. The use of postoperative high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy to avoid reintubation is considered a feasible strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hirano
- Department of AnesthesiologyInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Yoshie Taniguchi
- Department of AnesthesiologyInternational University of Health and Welfare HospitalNasushiobaraJapan
| | - Masato Kato
- International University of Health and Welfare Shioya HospitalOtawaraJapan
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16
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Abstract
The mechanisms underlying pathologies in Down syndrome remain poorly understood. In this forum article we compare the cellular phenotypes of chromosome 21 trisomy with other trisomic cells. We argue that both effects of the extra chromosome 21 and the global consequences of chromosome gain must be considered to understand complex pathologies of Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Krivega
- Reproduction Genetics, Department of Endocrinology Gynecology and Infertility Disorders, Women Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Zuzana Storchova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 24, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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17
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Campbell NB, Patel Y, Moore TL, Medalla M, Zeldich E. Extracellular Vesicle Treatment Alleviates Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Pathology in Cortical Spheroid Model of Down Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3477. [PMID: 36834891 PMCID: PMC9960302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21, is manifested in a variety of anatomical and cellular abnormalities resulting in intellectual deficits and early onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with no effective treatments available to alleviate the pathologies associated with the disorder. The therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has emerged recently in relation to various neurological conditions. We have previously demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) in cellular and functional recovery in a rhesus monkey model of cortical injury. In the current study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of MSC-EVs in a cortical spheroid (CS) model of DS generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Compared to euploid controls, trisomic CS display smaller size, deficient neurogenesis, and AD-related pathological features, such as enhanced cell death and depositions of amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau). EV-treated trisomic CS demonstrated preserved size, partial rescue in the production of neurons, significantly decreased levels of Aβ and p-tau, and a reduction in the extent of cell death as compared to the untreated trisomic CS. Together, these results show the efficacy of EVs in mitigating DS and AD-related cellular phenotypes and pathological depositions in human CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Baker Campbell
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Yesha Patel
- Commonwealth Honors College, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Tara L. Moore
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria Medalla
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ella Zeldich
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedesian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Cundubey CR, Cam S. Evaluation of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Treatment on First- and Second-Trimester Screening Test Results. Cureus 2023; 15:e35137. [PMID: 36846633 PMCID: PMC9944636 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The serum markers used in first- and second-trimester screening tests can be affected by different causes such as smoking, infertility treatment, and the presence of diabetes mellitus, which should be considered by obstetricians when giving information to patients. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has a critical importance in the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis both in the antenatal and postnatal period. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of LMWH use on the first- and second-trimester screening results. Methods A retrospective analysis in our outpatient clinic between July 2018 and January 2021 of first- and second-trimester screening test results was conducted to assess the impact of LMWH treatment for patients with thrombophilia who started LMWH after pregnancy was detected were included. Test results were obtained as a multiple of median (MoM) combined with ultrasound measurements, maternal serum markers, and maternal age in addition to the nuchal translucency first-trimester test. Results The pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) MoM was lower and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and unconjugated estriol (uE3) MoMs were higher in patients treated with LMWH than in the control group (0.78 MoM vs 0.96 MoM; 1.00 MoM vs 0.97 MoM; and 0.89 MoM vs 0.76 MoM, respectively). Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels did not differ between groups at either time point. Conclusions Treatment of pregnant women with LMWH for thrombophilia may change the MoM values of serum markers for both first- and second-trimester screening tests. Obstetricians should be aware of this when advising screening tests to thrombophilia patients and should consider offering fetal DNA tests for this group instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Muacevic
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, TUR
| | - John R Adler
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, TUR
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19
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Patthy Á, Hanics J, Zachar G, Kovács GG, Harkany T, Alpár A. Regional redistribution of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in human foetal brains with Down's syndrome and their functional modifications in Ts65Dn +/+ mice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12887. [PMID: 36716771 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The endocannabinoid system with its type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1 R) expressed in postmitotic neuroblasts is a critical chemotropic guidance module with its actions cascading across neurogenic commitment, neuronal polarisation and synaptogenesis in vertebrates. Here, we present the systematic analysis of regional CB1 R expression in the developing human brain from gestational week 14 until birth. In parallel, we diagrammed differences in CB1 R development in Down syndrome foetuses and identified altered CB1 R signalling. METHODS Foetal brains with normal development or with Down's syndrome were analysed using standard immunohistochemistry, digitalised light microscopy and image analysis (NanoZoomer). CB1 R function was investigated by in vitro neuropharmacology from neonatal Ts65Dn transgenic mice brains carrying an additional copy of ~90 conserved protein-coding gene orthologues of the human chromosome 21. RESULTS We detected a meshwork of fine-calibre, often varicose processes between the subventricular and intermediate zones of the cortical plate in the late first trimester, when telencephalic fibre tracts develop. The density of CB1 Rs gradually decreased during the second and third trimesters in the neocortex. In contrast, CB1 R density was maintained, or even increased, in the hippocampus. We found the onset of CB1 R expression being delayed by ≥1 month in age-matched foetal brains with Down's syndrome. In vitro, CB1 R excitation induced excess microtubule stabilisation and, consequently, reduced neurite outgrowth. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that neuroarchitectural impairments in Down's syndrome brains involve the delayed development and errant functions of the endocannabinoid system, with a particular impact on endocannabinoids modulating axonal wiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágoston Patthy
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Hanics
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Zachar
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor G Kovács
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alán Alpár
- Department of Anatomy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,SE NAP Research Group of Experimental Neuroanatomy and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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20
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Sarver DC, Xu C, Rodriguez S, Aja S, Jaffe AE, Gao FJ, Delannoy M, Periasamy M, Kazuki Y, Oshimura M, Reeves RH, Wong GW. Hypermetabolism in mice carrying a near complete human chromosome 21. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.30.526183. [PMID: 36778465 PMCID: PMC9915508 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of aneuploidy have traditionally been studied in cell and animal models in which the extrachromosomal DNA is from the same species. Here, we explore a fundamental question concerning the impact of aneuploidy on systemic metabolism using a non-mosaic transchromosomic mouse model (TcMAC21) carrying a near complete human chromosome 21. Independent of diets and housing temperatures, TcMAC21 mice consume more calories, are hyperactive and hypermetabolic, remain consistently lean and profoundly insulin sensitive, and have a higher body temperature. The hypermetabolism and elevated thermogenesis are due to sarcolipin overexpression in the skeletal muscle, resulting in futile sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity and energy dissipation. Mitochondrial respiration is also markedly increased in skeletal muscle to meet the high ATP demand created by the futile cycle. This serendipitous discovery provides proof-of-concept that sarcolipin-mediated thermogenesis via uncoupling of the SERCA pump can be harnessed to promote energy expenditure and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C. Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susana Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew E. Jaffe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feng J. Gao
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Delannoy
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan,Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Roger H. Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G. William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Correspondence:
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21
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Tian M, Feng L, Li J, Zhang R. Focus on the frontier issue: progress in noninvasive prenatal screening for fetal trisomy from clinical perspectives. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:248-269. [PMID: 36647189 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2162843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal blood and the rapid development of massively parallel sequencing have revolutionized prenatal testing from invasive to noninvasive. Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) based on cffDNA enables the detection of fetal trisomy through sequencing, comparison, and bioassays. Its accuracy is better than that of traditional screening methods, and it is the most advanced clinical application of high-throughput sequencing technologies. However, the existing sequencing methods are limited by high costs and complex sequencing procedures. These limitations restrict the availability of NIPS for pregnant women. Many amplification methods have been developed to overcome the limitations of sequencing methods. The rapid development of non-sequencing methods has not been accompanied by reviews to summarize them. In this review, we initially describe the detection principles for sequencing-based NIPS. We summarize the rapidly evolving amplification technologies, focusing on the need to reduce costs and simplify the procedures. To ensure that the testing systems are feasible and that the testing processes are reliable, we expand our vision to the clinic. We evaluate the clinical validity of NIPS in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. Finally, we summarize the application guidelines and discuss the corresponding quality control methods for NIPS. In addition to cffDNA, extracellular vesicle DNA, RNA, protein/peptide, and fetal cells can also be detected as biomarkers of NIPS. With the development of prenatal testing, NIPS has become increasingly important. Notably, NIPS is a screening test instead of a diagnostic test. The testing methods and procedures used in the NIPS process require standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Tian
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P. R. China.,Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Feng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P. R. China.,Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P. R. China.,Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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22
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Marengo LK, Archer N, Shumate C, Canfield MA, Drummond-Borg M. Survival of infants and children born with severe microcephaly, Texas, 1999-2015. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:26-42. [PMID: 36345841 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe microcephaly is a brain reduction defect where the delivery head circumference is <3rd percentile for gestational age and sex with subsequent lifelong morbidities. Our objective was to evaluate survival among 2,704 Texas infants with severe microcephaly delivered 1999-2015. METHODS Infants with severe microcephaly from the Texas Birth Defects Registry were linked to death certificates and the national death index. Survival estimates, hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models stratified by presence versus absence of co-occurring defects. RESULTS We identified 496 deaths by age 4 years; most (42.9%) occurred in the neonatal period, and another 39.9% died by 1 year of age. Overall infant survival was 84.8%. Lowest infant survival subgroups included those with chromosomal/syndromic conditions (66.1%), very preterm deliveries (63.9%), or co-occurring critical congenital heart defects (44.0%). Among infants with severe microcephaly and a chromosomal/syndromic co-occurring defect, the risk of death was nearly three-fold higher among those with: proportionate microcephaly (i.e., small baby overall), relative to non-proportionate (HR = 2.84, 95% CI = 2.17-3.71); low-birthweight relative to normal (HR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.92-3.85); critical congenital heart defects (CCHD) relative to no CCHD (HR = 2.90, 95% CI = 2.20-3.80). Trisomies were a leading underlying cause of death (27.5%). CONCLUSIONS Overall, infants with severe microcephaly had high 4-year survival rates which varied by the presence of co-occurring defects. Infants with co-occurring chromosomal/syndromic anomalies have a higher risk of death by age one than those without any co-occurring birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Marengo
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Natalie Archer
- Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries Section, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Charlie Shumate
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mark A Canfield
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Margaret Drummond-Borg
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA
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23
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Tuzimski T, Szubartowski S, Stupak A, Kwaśniewski W, Szultka-Młyńska M, Kwaśniewska A, Buszewski B. The Association between the Bisphenols Residues in Amniotic Fluid and Fetal Abnormalities in Polish Pregnant Women-Its Potential Clinical Application. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010730. [PMID: 36614173 PMCID: PMC9821541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the concentrations of bisphenols residues in the amniotic fluid (AF) samples collected during amniocentesis and fetal chromosomal abnormalities in pregnant women. A total of 33 pregnant Polish women aged between 24 and 44 years, and screened to detect high risk for chromosomal defects in the first trimester, were included in this study. Samples were collected from these patients during routine diagnostic and treatment procedures at mid-gestation. The concentrations of various bisphenols residues in the samples were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS). Residues of eight analytes (BPS, BPF, BPA, BPAF, BADGE, BADGE•2H2O, BADGE•H2O•HCl and BADGE•2HCl) were detected in amniotic fluid samples in the range 0.69 ng/mL to 3.38 ng/mL. Fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities showed a slightly higher frequency of occurrence of selected bisphenols residues in the AF samples collected between 15-26 weeks of pregnancies. Finally, the proposed method was applied in the simultaneous determination of several endocrine-disrupting chemicals from bisphenol group in 33 human AF samples. BADGE•H2O•HCl has been identified in the AF samples taken from women older than average in the examined group. The number of detected compounds has been significant for the following analytes: BPS, BPAF, BADGE•H2O•HCl and BADGE. The proposed method may be an attractive alternative for application in large-scale human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tuzimski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(81)-4487213
| | - Szymon Szubartowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical University of Lublin, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Stupak
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Lublin, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kwaśniewski
- Department of Gynaecology and Oncology Gynaecology, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Lublin, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Kwaśniewska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Lublin, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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24
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Daumová M, Hadravská Š, Putzová M. Spontaneous abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy. Cesk Patol 2023; 59:60-63. [PMID: 37468324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous abortions in the first trimester of gravidity represent a clinically significant problem that can affect up to 15% of recognized pregnancies. The causes of early pregnancy loss are very heterogeneous and include genetic, environmental and immunological factors. Although the pathologist's main task is to exclude molar pregnancy, in some cases conventional histological examination can also contribute to the elucidation of the cause of miscarriage and the management of subsequent pregnancies, especially in the case of lesions with a high risk of recurrence that may lead to habitual abortion.
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25
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Makkar NN, Raymundo SA, Gallotti RG. Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries in association with atrioventricular septal defect with balanced ventricles and trisomy 21. Cardiol Young 2022; 32:2024-6. [PMID: 35550699 DOI: 10.1017/S1047951122000944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A major aortopulmonary collateral artery is a rare and easily missed diagnosis that is usually associated with Tetralogy of Fallot or pulmonary atresia. We present two cases of major aortopulmonary collaterals associated with trisomy 21 and atrioventricular septal defect with balanced ventricles in which the diagnosis went undetected until after initial cardiac repair.
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26
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Abstract
Chromosome gains are detrimental for the development of the human embryo. As such, autosomal trisomies almost always result in spontaneous abortion, and the rare embryos surviving until live birth suffer from a plethora of pathological defects. There is no treatment currently available to ameliorate the consequences of trisomies, such as Down syndrome (trisomy of chromosome 21). Identifying the source of the phenotypes observed in cells with extra chromosomes is crucial for understanding the underlying molecular causes of trisomy syndromes. Although increased expression of the genes localized on the extra chromosome triggers several pathological phenotypes, an alternative model suggests that global, aneuploidy-associated changes in cellular physiology also contribute to the pathology. Here, we compare the molecular consequences of trisomy syndromes in vivo against engineered cell lines carrying various chromosome gains in vitro. We point out several phenotypes that are shared by variable trisomies and, therefore, might be caused by the presence of an extra chromosome per se, independent of its identity. This alternative view may provide useful insights for understanding Down syndrome pathology and open additional opportunities for diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Krivega
- Reproduction Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Infertility Disorders, Women Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,Corresponding author
| | - Clara M. Stiefel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Zuzana Storchova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 24, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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27
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Yang SY, Kang KM, Kim SY, Lim SY, Jang HY, Hong K, Cha DH, Shim SH, Joung JG. Combined Model-Based Prediction for Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314990. [PMID: 36499318 PMCID: PMC9737181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of chromosomal abnormalities in the child increases with increasing maternal age. Although non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is a safe and effective prenatal screening method, the accuracy of the test results needs to be improved owing to various testing conditions. We attempted to achieve a more accurate and robust prediction of chromosomal abnormalities by combining multiple methods. Here, three different methods, namely standard Z-score, normalized chromosome value, and within-sample reference bin, were used for 1698 reference and 109 test samples of whole-genome sequencing. The logistic regression model combining the three methods achieved a higher accuracy than any single method. In conclusion, the proposed method offers a promising approach for increasing the reliability of NIPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kang
- Center for Genome Diagnostics, CHA Biotech Inc., Seoul 06135, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Young Kim
- CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
- Center for Genome Diagnostics, CHA Biotech Inc., Seoul 06135, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirim Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Cha
- Center for Genome Diagnostics, CHA Biotech Inc., Seoul 06135, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Han Shim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
- Center for Genome Diagnostics, CHA Biotech Inc., Seoul 06135, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.S.); (J.-G.J.); Tel.: +82-31-881-7182 (J.-G.J.); +82-31-881-7148 (S.H.S.)
| | - Je-Gun Joung
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
- CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.S.); (J.-G.J.); Tel.: +82-31-881-7182 (J.-G.J.); +82-31-881-7148 (S.H.S.)
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28
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Sinha A. Comparing Non-invasive Prenatal Testing With Invasive Testing for the Detection of Trisomy 21. Cureus 2022; 14:e31252. [PMID: 36514620 PMCID: PMC9733793 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) is an intermediate step between serum screening and invasive diagnostic testing. It involves analysis of the cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) present in the maternal blood sample for determining the likelihood of fetal aneuploidy. Owing to its high sensitivity and specificity, NIPT has quickly gained popularity across the globe since its introduction to clinical practice, making it an attractive alternative to the available screening and diagnostic tests in use. Amniocentesis is currently the gold standard test for obtaining fetal DNA and diagnosing fetal trisomy prenatally, but it is invasive and has procedure-related adverse effects. This study aims to compare NIPT and amniocentesis in pregnancies screened positive for fetal trisomy. Material and methods This is an analytic cross-sectional prospective study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Patna Medical College and Hospital, for two and half years from December 2018 to June 2021. A total of 34 pregnant women screened positive for trisomy 21, attending the antenatal care outpatient department, in their second trimester, with their written consent, were enrolled in the study. Results Out of 34 pregnant patients, three refused NIPT and directly opted for amniocentesis. A total of 31 pregnant women have undergone NIPT. A total of 28 cases were positive for trisomy 21 on both NIPT and amniocentesis. The sensitivity of NIPT was 100% with the confidence interval being 87.66% to 100.00%. The specificity of NIPT was 100% with the confidence interval being 29.24% to 100.00%. Conclusion The high performance and effectiveness of NIPT are undeniable. Though the process by which this test has to be integrated into the clinical practice needs more study and should be determined with meticulous assessment.
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29
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Roper RJ, Goodlett CR. A new Down syndrome rat model races forward. Trends Genet 2022; 38:1101-1102. [PMID: 35581033 PMCID: PMC9561036 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of Down syndrome (DS) provide an essential resource for understanding genetic, cellular, and molecular contributions to traits associated with trisomy 21 (Ts21). Recent genetic enhancements in the development of DS models, including the new TcHSA21rat model (Kazuki et al.), have potential to transform our understanding of and potential therapies for Ts21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Charles R Goodlett
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Graduate Program in Addiction Neuroscience, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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30
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Li Z, Klein JA, Rampam S, Kurzion R, Campbell NB, Patel Y, Haydar TF, Zeldich E. Asynchronous excitatory neuron development in an isogenic cortical spheroid model of Down syndrome. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:932384. [PMID: 36161168 PMCID: PMC9504873 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.932384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intellectual disability (ID) in Down syndrome (DS) is thought to result from a variety of developmental deficits such as alterations in neural progenitor division, neurogenesis, gliogenesis, cortical architecture, and reduced cortical volume. However, the molecular processes underlying these neurodevelopmental changes are still elusive, preventing an understanding of the mechanistic basis of ID in DS. In this study, we used a pair of isogenic (trisomic and euploid) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines to generate cortical spheroids (CS) that model the impact of trisomy 21 on brain development. Cortical spheroids contain neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes and they are widely used to approximate early neurodevelopment. Using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we uncovered cell type-specific transcriptomic changes in the trisomic CS. In particular, we found that excitatory neuron populations were most affected and that a specific population of cells with a transcriptomic profile resembling layer IV cortical neurons displayed the most profound divergence in developmental trajectory between trisomic and euploid genotypes. We also identified candidate genes potentially driving the developmental asynchrony between trisomic and euploid excitatory neurons. Direct comparison between the current isogenic CS scRNA-seq data and previously published datasets revealed several recurring differentially expressed genes between DS and control samples. Altogether, our study highlights the power and importance of cell type-specific analyses within a defined genetic background, coupled with broader examination of mixed samples, to comprehensively evaluate cellular phenotypes in the context of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jenny A. Klein
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sanjeev Rampam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ronni Kurzion
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Yesha Patel
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Tarik F. Haydar
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ella Zeldich
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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31
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Agbadje TT, Pilon C, Bérubé P, Forest JC, Rousseau F, Rahimi SA, Giguère Y, Légaré F. User Experience of a Computer-Based Decision Aid for Prenatal Trisomy Screening: Mixed Methods Explanatory Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e35381. [PMID: 35896164 PMCID: PMC9490528 DOI: 10.2196/35381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile health tools can support shared decision-making. We developed a computer-based decision aid (DA) to help pregnant women and their partners make informed, value-congruent decisions regarding prenatal screening for trisomy. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the usability and usefulness of computer-based DA among pregnant women, clinicians, and policy makers. METHODS For this mixed methods sequential explanatory study, we planned to recruit a convenience sample of 45 pregnant women, 45 clinicians from 3 clinical sites, and 15 policy makers. Eligible women were aged >18 years and >16 weeks pregnant or had recently given birth. Eligible clinicians and policy makers were involved in prenatal care. We asked the participants to navigate a computer-based DA. We asked the women about the usefulness of the DA and their self-confidence in decision-making. We asked all participants about usability, quality, acceptability, satisfaction with the content of the DA, and collected sociodemographic data. We explored participants' reactions to the computer-based DA and solicited suggestions. Our interview guide was based on the Mobile App Rating Scale. We performed descriptive analyses of the quantitative data and thematic deductive and inductive analyses of the qualitative data for each participant category. RESULTS A total of 45 pregnant women, 14 clinicians, and 8 policy makers participated. Most pregnant women were aged between 25 and 34 years (34/45, 75%) and White (42/45, 94%). Most clinicians were aged between 35 and 44 years (5/14, 36%) and women (11/14, 79%), and all were White (14/14, 100%); the largest proportion of policy makers was aged between 45 and 54 years (4/8, 50%), women (5/8, 62%), and White (8/8, 100%). The mean usefulness score for preparing for decision-making for women was 80/100 (SD 13), and the mean self-efficacy score was 88/100 (SD 11). The mean usability score was 84/100 (SD 14) for pregnant women, 77/100 (SD 14) for clinicians, and 79/100 (SD 23) for policy makers. The mean global score for quality was 80/100 (SD 9) for pregnant women, 72/100 (SD 12) for clinicians, and 80/100 (SD 9) for policy makers. Regarding acceptability, participants found the amount of information just right (52/66, 79%), balanced (58/66, 88%), useful (38/66, 58%), and sufficient (50/66, 76%). The mean satisfaction score with the content was 84/100 (SD 13) for pregnant women, 73/100 (SD 16) for clinicians, and 73/100 (SD 20) for policy makers. Participants thought the DA could be more engaging (eg, more customizable) and suggested strategies for implementation, such as incorporating it into clinical guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women, clinicians, and policy makers found the DA usable and useful. The next steps are to incorporate user suggestions for improving engagement and implementing the computer-based DA in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilayo Tatiana Agbadje
- VITAM - Centre de recherche en santé durable, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Chantale Pilon
- VITAM - Centre de recherche en santé durable, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Claude Forest
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - François Rousseau
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Samira Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Giguère
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - France Légaré
- VITAM - Centre de recherche en santé durable, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Manfredi-Lozano M, Leysen V, Adamo M, Paiva I, Rovera R, Pignat JM, Timzoura FE, Candlish M, Eddarkaoui S, Malone SA, Silva MSB, Trova S, Imbernon M, Decoster L, Cotellessa L, Tena-Sempere M, Claret M, Paoloni-Giacobino A, Plassard D, Paccou E, Vionnet N, Acierno J, Maceski AM, Lutti A, Pfrieger F, Rasika S, Santoni F, Boehm U, Ciofi P, Buée L, Haddjeri N, Boutillier AL, Kuhle J, Messina A, Draganski B, Giacobini P, Pitteloud N, Prevot V. GnRH replacement rescues cognition in Down syndrome. Science 2022; 377:eabq4515. [PMID: 36048943 PMCID: PMC7613827 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
At the present time, no viable treatment exists for cognitive and olfactory deficits in Down syndrome (DS). We show in a DS model (Ts65Dn mice) that these progressive nonreproductive neurological symptoms closely parallel a postpubertal decrease in hypothalamic as well as extrahypothalamic expression of a master molecule that controls reproduction-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-and appear related to an imbalance in a microRNA-gene network known to regulate GnRH neuron maturation together with altered hippocampal synaptic transmission. Epigenetic, cellular, chemogenetic, and pharmacological interventions that restore physiological GnRH levels abolish olfactory and cognitive defects in Ts65Dn mice, whereas pulsatile GnRH therapy improves cognition and brain connectivity in adult DS patients. GnRH thus plays a crucial role in olfaction and cognition, and pulsatile GnRH therapy holds promise to improve cognitive deficits in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Manfredi-Lozano
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Valerie Leysen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Michela Adamo
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Paiva
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Renaud Rovera
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron 69500, France
| | - Jean-Michel Pignat
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurorehabilitation Unit, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fatima Ezzahra Timzoura
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Michael Candlish
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sabiha Eddarkaoui
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
| | - Samuel A. Malone
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Mauro S. B. Silva
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sara Trova
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Monica Imbernon
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Laurine Decoster
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Ludovica Cotellessa
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Univ. Cordoba, IMIBC/HURS, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariane Paoloni-Giacobino
- Department of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Damien Plassard
- CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U1258, GenomEast Platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Emmanuelle Paccou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Vionnet
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James Acierno
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Maleska Maceski
- Neurologic Clinic and Polyclinic, MS Centre and Research Centre for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel; University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel Switzerland
| | - Antoine Lutti
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frank Pfrieger
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - S. Rasika
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Federico Santoni
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Saarland University School of Medicine, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Ciofi
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France
| | - Nasser Haddjeri
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron 69500, France
| | - Anne-Laurence Boutillier
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Neurologic Clinic and Polyclinic, MS Centre and Research Centre for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel; University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel Switzerland
| | - Andrea Messina
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland,Neurology Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland,Correspondence to: and (+33 612903876)
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, LabexDistAlz, Lille, France,Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, FHU 1000 days for health, EGID, Lille, France,Correspondence to: and (+33 612903876)
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Atae-Allah R, Boussaadni YE, Khabbache K, Andaloussi S, Elmadi A, Oulmaati A. [Rapunzel syndrome in a child with trisomy 21: a case report]. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 42:230. [PMID: 36845251 PMCID: PMC9949300 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.42.230.36268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichobezoard is a rare condition characterized by a gastric mass composed of hair or fibers due to a compulsive attitude (trichotillomania) and an eating disorder (trichophagia). Gastric trichobezoar is the most common form and may extend into the small bowel, sometimes reaching the last ileal loop, or even the transverse colon, resulting in Rapunzel syndrome. We here report a case of gastroduodenal and small intestine trichoboozoar in a 6-year-old girl with facies of trisomy, presenting with recurrent abdominal pain lasting for one months and suspected gastrointestinal lymphoma. The diagnosis of trichoboozoar was based on surgery. The purpose of this study is to give an overview of the history of this rare condition and to clarify the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Atae-Allah
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tanger, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tétouan, Maroc,,Corresponding author: Rabab Atae-Allah, Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tanger, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tétouan, Maroc.
| | - Yousra El Boussaadni
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tanger, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tétouan, Maroc
| | - Kawtar Khabbache
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tanger, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tétouan, Maroc
| | - Saad Andaloussi
- Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tétouan, Maroc
| | - Aziz Elmadi
- Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tétouan, Maroc
| | - Abdallah Oulmaati
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Tanger, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tétouan, Maroc
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Chen Y, Lu L, Zhang Y, Wang F, Ni Y, Wang Q, Ying C. Clinical application of expanded noninvasive prenatal testing for fetal chromosome abnormalities in a cohort of 39,580 pregnancies. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1426-1434. [PMID: 35107205 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of expanded noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT-plus) for fetal chromosome abnormalities in the second trimester (12-26 weeks). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 39,580 pregnancies with NIPT-plus. Screening positive cases were diagnosed with karyotyping and single-nucleotide polymorphism array analysis (SNP array)/copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) with follow-up. The positive predictive values (PPVs) of trisomy 21, 18, and 13 (T21, T18, and T13), sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs), and microdeletion and microduplication syndromes (MMS) by NIPT-plus were recorded. We assessed the predictive value of NIPT-plus based on maternal age and conventional indications. Of 39,580 pregnancies with NIPT-plus, 511 (1.3%) had prenatal screening positive results of fetal chromosome abnormality, of which 87.7% (448/511) had invasive prenatal diagnosis. NIPT-plus performed better in predicting fetal SCAs and chromosome aneuploidies for pregnancies with advanced maternal age (AMA) than young maternal age (YMA). Besides, the PPVs of T21, T13, and chromosome aneuploidies showed an upward trend when comparison was based on maternal age in 5-year subintervals. The termination rates of 45,X, 47,XXX, 47,XXY, and 47,XYY were 100% (11/11), 20.0% (3/15), 91.7% (22/24), and 7.1% (1/14) with postnatal follow-up. Last but not least, the PPV for MMS is 41.7% (30/72), which may have a positive correlation between the size of CNVs. Pregnant women with screen-positive results for common trisomies (T13, T18, and T21) were more willing to conduct invasive prenatal diagnosis compared to those with positive results for SCAs or MMS. However, the current study demonstrated SCAs and MMS had the lowest PPV. This highlights the importance of confirmatory prenatal diagnosis in those patients and the potential impact on genetic counseling and informative decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Loukaiyi Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghua Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Dar P, Jacobsson B, MacPherson C, Egbert M, Malone F, Wapner RJ, Roman AS, Khalil A, Faro R, Madankumar R, Edwards L, Haeri S, Silver R, Vohra N, Hyett J, Clunie G, Demko Z, Martin K, Rabinowitz M, Flood K, Carlsson Y, Doulaveris G, Malone C, Hallingstrom M, Klugman S, Clifton R, Kao C, Hakonarson H, Norton ME. Cell-free DNA screening for trisomies 21, 18, and 13 in pregnancies at low and high risk for aneuploidy with genetic confirmation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 227:259.e1-259.e14. [PMID: 35085538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free DNA noninvasive prenatal screening for trisomies 21, 18, and 13 has been rapidly adopted into clinical practice. However, previous studies are limited by a lack of follow-up genetic testing to confirm the outcomes and accurately assess test performance, particularly in women at a low risk for aneuploidy. OBJECTIVE To measure and compare the performance of cell-free DNA screening for trisomies 21, 18, and 13 between women at a low and high risk for aneuploidy in a large, prospective cohort with genetic confirmation of results STUDY DESIGN: This was a multicenter prospective observational study at 21 centers in 6 countries. Women who had single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based cell-free DNA screening for trisomies 21, 18, and 13 were enrolled. Genetic confirmation was obtained from prenatal or newborn DNA samples. The test performance and test failure (no-call) rates were assessed for the cohort, and women with low and high previous risks for aneuploidy were compared. An updated cell-free DNA algorithm blinded to the pregnancy outcome was also assessed. RESULTS A total of 20,194 women were enrolled at a median gestational age of 12.6 weeks (interquartile range, 11.6-13.9). The genetic outcomes were confirmed in 17,851 cases (88.4%): 13,043 (73.1%) low-risk and 4808 (26.9%) high-risk cases for aneuploidy. Overall, 133 trisomies were diagnosed (100 trisomy 21; 18 trisomy 18; 15 trisomy 13). The cell-free DNA screen positive rate was lower in the low-risk vs the high-risk group (0.27% vs 2.2%; P<.0001). The sensitivity and specificity were similar between the groups. The positive predictive value for the low- and high-risk groups was 85.7% vs 97.5%; P=.058 for trisomy 21; 50.0% vs 81.3%; P=.283 for trisomy 18; and 62.5% vs 83.3; P=.58 for trisomy 13, respectively. Overall, 602 (3.4%) patients had no-call result after the first draw and 287 (1.61%) after including cases with a second draw. The trisomy rate was higher in the 287 cases with no-call results than patients with a result on a first draw (2.8% vs 0.7%; P=.001). The updated algorithm showed similar sensitivity and specificity to the study algorithm with a lower no-call rate. CONCLUSION In women at a low risk for aneuploidy, single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based cell-free DNA has high sensitivity and specificity, positive predictive value of 85.7% for trisomy 21 and 74.3% for the 3 common trisomies. Patients who receive a no-call result are at an increased risk of aneuploidy and require additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pe'er Dar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cora MacPherson
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | | | - Fergal Malone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rotunda Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronald J Wapner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ashley S Roman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Asma Khalil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St George's Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Revital Faro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Rajeevi Madankumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Hyde Park, NY
| | | | - Sina Haeri
- Austin Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Austin, TX
| | - Robert Silver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Nidhi Vohra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY
| | - Jon Hyett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Garfield Clunie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Karen Flood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rotunda Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ylva Carlsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Georgios Doulaveris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ciara Malone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rotunda Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria Hallingstrom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susan Klugman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Rebecca Clifton
- The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Charlly Kao
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mary E Norton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Comparin LL, Filho RP, Deliberador T, de Souza G, Tatim T, Müller PR, Moreno R. Sinus lift technique and dental implants for rehabilitation for a Down syndrome patient with tomographic 3-years follow-up. Spec Care Dentist 2022; 42:524-530. [PMID: 35037271 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Down Syndrome or trisomy 21 (T21) is a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra chromosome in pair 21 and is related to a high prevalence of agenesis of permanent teeth and periodontal alterations that may be associated to the loss of permanent teeth at early ages. With the increase in life expectancy of people with T21 in the last decades, it is necessary to expand the knowledge to offer possibilities of treatment with dental implants, aiming to serve this aging population. AIMS The aim of this article is to report a surgical procedure of sinus lift to enable the installation of dental implants in the posterior region of the maxilla. METHODS AND RESULTS A 50 year-old patient with T21 was rehabilitated with implants, simultaneously with sinus lift surgery, by the lateral window technique, using xenogenous bone graft and fibrin-rich plasma. After 1 year, the patient was rehabilitated with prosthetics on implants. CONCLUSION The feasibility of this technique in patients with Down syndrome could be observed, after 3 years of follow up, with favorable clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizandra Lopes Comparin
- Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education-ILAPEO, Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pasquini Filho
- Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education-ILAPEO, Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Deliberador
- Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education-ILAPEO, Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gizelli de Souza
- Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education-ILAPEO, Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thiago Tatim
- Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education-ILAPEO, Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Rubens Moreno
- Latin American Institute of Dental Research and Education-ILAPEO, Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil
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Saito M, Tokunaka M, Goto M, Takita H, Arakaki T, Miyagami K, Hamada S, Oba T, Matsuoka R, Sekizawa A. The role of first-trimester ultrasound screening for women with positive noninvasive prenatal testing results. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 48:328-332. [PMID: 34918431 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess the utility of ultrasound screening for pregnancies with positive noninvasive prenatal testing results for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of positive noninvasive prenatal testing results and first-trimester ultrasound screening at our department between 2013 and 2019. Invasive genetic testing was performed if the patient had positive noninvasive prenatal testing results. Fetal ultrasound and cytogenetic data were collected. Noninvasive prenatal testing was performed in the women for advanced maternal age, nuchal translucency thickness, or history of abnormality in the previous child or relative. RESULTS Forty-one pregnant women had positive noninvasive prenatal testing results for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13. Twenty-three women had positive results for trisomy 21, 13 had positive results for trisomy 18, and 5 had positive results for trisomy 13 at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation. The positive predictive value of noninvasive prenatal testing was 100% for trisomy 21, 84.6% for trisomy 18, and 100% for trisomy 13. The positive predictive value of positive noninvasive prenatal testing results and fetal morphological abnormalities was 100% for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13. CONCLUSION Combining an ultrasound examination with noninvasive prenatal testing resulted in a higher positive predictive value for trisomy 18. Normal ultrasound examination results can help alleviate stress caused by false-positive noninvasive prenatal testing results. In contrast, the positive predictive value and negative predictive value for trisomy 21 were not altered by adding an ultrasound examination to noninvasive prenatal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizue Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tokunaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minako Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Arakaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Miyagami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Hamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Oba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Matsuoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sekizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ariad D, Yan SM, Victor AR, Barnes FL, Zouves CG, Viotti M, McCoy RC. Haplotype-aware inference of human chromosome abnormalities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2109307118. [PMID: 34772814 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109307118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra or missing chromosomes-a phenomenon termed aneuploidy-frequently arise during human meiosis and embryonic mitosis and are the leading cause of pregnancy loss, including in the context of in vitro fertilization (IVF). While meiotic aneuploidies affect all cells and are deleterious, mitotic errors generate mosaicism, which may be compatible with healthy live birth. Large-scale abnormalities such as triploidy and haploidy also contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes, but remain hidden from standard sequencing-based approaches to preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). The ability to reliably distinguish meiotic and mitotic aneuploidies, as well as abnormalities in genome-wide ploidy, may thus prove valuable for enhancing IVF outcomes. Here, we describe a statistical method for distinguishing these forms of aneuploidy based on analysis of low-coverage whole-genome sequencing data, which is the current standard in the field. Our approach overcomes the sparse nature of the data by leveraging allele frequencies and linkage disequilibrium (LD) measured in a population reference panel. The method, which we term LD-informed PGT-A (LD-PGTA), retains high accuracy down to coverage as low as 0.05 × and at higher coverage can also distinguish between meiosis I and meiosis II errors based on signatures spanning the centromeres. LD-PGTA provides fundamental insight into the origins of human chromosome abnormalities, as well as a practical tool with the potential to improve genetic testing during IVF.
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Tsuchida A, Hamazaki K, Kigawa M, Tanaka T, Ito M, Inadera H. Association between maternal smoking history and congenital anomalies in children: Results from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2021; 61:159-168. [PMID: 34041797 PMCID: PMC8453515 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between maternal smoking history and congenital anomalies in children. Drawing on data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study collected between January 2011 and March 2014, the smoking habits of pregnant women were categorized as "never smoked," "quit before pregnancy, "quit after pregnancy," and "full smoking." Of the 91 626 participants examined, a total of 2199 (2.4%) infants were born with any congenital anomalies. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratio for congenital anomalies in each group based on maternal smoking history. No significant difference was seen between the full-smoking and never smoked groups in the odds ratios for congenital anomalies of the nervous system; the eyes, ears, face, and neck; the cardiovascular system; or the musculoskeletal system. However, in the full-smoking group, the odds ratios for trisomy (adjusted odds ratio, 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-3.97) and any congenital anomalies (adjusted odds ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.67) were significantly higher compared with the never smoked group. Our results indicate that continuing to smoke during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of trisomy and any congenital anomalies in the general Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tsuchida
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kei Hamazaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mika Kigawa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Liberal Arts and Human Development, Kanagawa University of Human Service, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tanaka
- Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hidekuni Inadera
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Yang F, Gritsenko V, Slor Futterman Y, Gao L, Zhen C, Lu H, Jiang YY, Berman J. Tunicamycin Potentiates Antifungal Drug Tolerance via Aneuploidy in Candida albicans. mBio 2021; 12:e0227221. [PMID: 34465026 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02272-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
How cells exposed to one stress are later able to better survive other types of stress is not well understood. In eukaryotic organisms, physiological and pathological stresses can disturb endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function, resulting in “ER stress.” Here, we found that exposure to tunicamycin, an inducer of ER stress, resulted in the acquisition of a specific aneuploidy, chromosome 2 trisomy (Chr2x3), in Candida albicans. Importantly, the resulting aneuploidy also conferred cross-tolerance to caspofungin, a first-line echinocandin antifungal, as well as to hydroxyurea, a common chemotherapeutic agent. Exposure to a range of tunicamycin concentrations induced similar ER stress responses. Extra copies of one Chr2 gene, MKK2, affected both tunicamycin and caspofungin tolerance, while at least 3 genes on chromosome 2 (ALG7, RTA2, and RTA3) affected only tunicamycin and not caspofungin responses. Other Chr2 genes (RNR1 and RNR21) affected hydroxyurea tolerance but neither tunicamycin nor caspofungin tolerance. Deletion of components of the protein kinase C (PKC) or calcineurin pathways affected tolerance to both tunicamycin and caspofungin, supporting the idea that the ER stress response and echinocandin tolerance are regulated by overlapping stress response pathways. Thus, antifungal drug tolerance can arise rapidly via ER stress-induced aneuploidy.
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Sasaki Y, Yamada T, Tanaka S, Sekizawa A, Hirose T, Suzumori N, Kaji T, Kawaguchi S, Hasuo Y, Nishizawa H, Matsubara K, Hamanoue H, Fukushima A, Endo M, Yamaguchi M, Kamei Y, Sawai H, Miura K, Ogawa M, Tairaku S, Nakamura H, Sanui A, Mizuuchi M, Okamoto Y, Kitagawa M, Kawano Y, Masuyama H, Murotsuki J, Osada H, Kurashina R, Samura O, Ichikawa M, Sasaki R, Maeda K, Kasai Y, Yamazaki T, Neki R, Hamajima N, Katagiri Y, Izumi S, Nakayama S, Miharu N, Yokohama Y, Hirose M, Kawakami K, Ichizuka K, Sase M, Sugimoto K, Nagamatsu T, Shiga T, Tashima L, Taketani T, Matsumoto M, Hamada H, Watanabe T, Okazaki T, Iwamoto S, Katsura D, Ikenoue N, Kakinuma T, Hamada H, Egawa M, Kasamatsu A, Ida A, Kuno N, Kuji N, Ito M, Morisaki H, Tanigaki S, Hayakawa H, Miki A, Sasaki S, Saito M, Yamada N, Sasagawa T, Tanaka T, Hirahara F, Kosugi S, Sago H. Evaluation of the clinical performance of noninvasive prenatal testing at a Japanese laboratory. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:3437-3446. [PMID: 34355471 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in high-risk pregnant women. METHODS Pregnant women who underwent GeneTech NIPT, the most commonly used NIPT in Japan, between January 2015 and March 2019, at Japan NIPT Consortium medical sites were recruited for this study. The exclusion criteria were as follows: pregnant women with missing survey items, multiple pregnancy/vanishing twins, chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus other than the NIPT target disease, and nonreportable NIPT results. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated from the obtained data, and maternal age-specific PPV and NPV were estimated. RESULTS Of the 45 504 cases, 44 263 cases fulfilling the study criteria were included. The mean maternal age and gestational weeks at the time of procedure were 38.5 years and 13.1 weeks, respectively. Sensitivities were 99.78% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 98.78-99.96), 99.12% (95% CI: 96.83-99.76), and 100% (95% CI: 88.30-100) for trisomies 21, 18, and 13, respectively. Specificities were more than 99.9% for trisomies 21, 18, and 13, respectively. Maternal age-specific PPVs were more than 93%, 77%, and 43% at the age of 35 years for trisomies 21, 18, and 13, respectively. CONCLUSION The GeneTech NIPT data showed high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of fetal trisomies 21, 18, and 13 in high-risk pregnant women, and maternal age-specific PPVs were obtained. These results could provide more accurate and improved information regarding NIPT for genetic counseling in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Sasaki
- Department of Medical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Medical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shiro Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sekizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuko Hirose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzumori
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hasuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruki Nishizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Haruka Hamanoue
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akimune Fukushima
- Department of Clinical Genetics, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masayuki Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kamei
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University School of Medicine, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Sawai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaki Ogawa
- Perinatal Medical Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tairaku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakamura
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayako Sanui
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahito Mizuuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoko Okamoto
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yukie Kawano
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Hisashi Masuyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jun Murotsuki
- Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisao Osada
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Kurashina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Samura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ichikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Rumi Sasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Maeda
- Perinatal medical center, Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Kasai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Reiko Neki
- Division of Counseling for Medical Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hamajima
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Nagoya City University West Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukiko Katagiri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Izumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Norio Miharu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic-Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuko Yokohama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaya Hirose
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawakami
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kokura Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyotake Ichizuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Sase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yamaguchi Prefectural Grand Medical Center, Yamagichi, Japan
| | - Kohei Sugimoto
- Reproduction Center, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagamatsu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shiga
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Lena Tashima
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Mariko Matsumoto
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Hamada
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adachi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takafumi Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okazaki
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Tottori University Hospital, Tottori, Japan
| | - Sadahiko Iwamoto
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Katsura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ikenoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kakinuma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makiko Egawa
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akinori Ida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe Adventist Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naohiko Kuno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOI Nagoya Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoaki Kuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroko Morisaki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanigaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hayakawa
- Department of Obstetrics, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akinori Miki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shoko Sasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mitsubishi Kyoto Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mito Saiseikai General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sasagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fumiki Hirahara
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Kosugi
- Department of Medical Ethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sago
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Alldred MJ, Lee SH, Ginsberg SD. Adiponectin Modulation by Genotype and Maternal Choline Supplementation in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2994. [PMID: 34279477 PMCID: PMC8267749 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by the triplication of human chromosome 21, which results in neurological and physiological pathologies. These deficits increase during aging and are exacerbated by cognitive decline and increase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. A nontoxic, noninvasive treatment, maternal choline supplementation (MCS) attenuates cognitive decline in mouse models of DS and AD. To evaluate potential underlying mechanisms, laser capture microdissection of individual neuronal populations of MCS offspring was performed, followed by RNA sequencing and bioinformatic inquiry. Results at ~6 months of age (MO) revealed DS mice (the well-established Ts65Dn model) have significant dysregulation of select genes within the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) signaling pathway relative to normal disomic (2N) littermates. Accordingly, we interrogated key T2DM protein hormones by ELISA assay in addition to gene and encoded protein levels in the brain. We found dysregulation of adiponectin (APN) protein levels in the frontal cortex of ~6 MO trisomic mice, which was attenuated by MCS. APN receptors also displayed expression level changes in response to MCS. APN is a potential biomarker for AD pathology and may be relevant in DS. We posit that changes in APN signaling may be an early marker of cognitive decline and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA;
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stephen D. Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Khalil A, Archer R, Hutchinson V, Mousa HA, Johnstone ED, Cameron MJ, Cohen KE, Ioannou C, Kelly B, Reed K, Hulme R, Papageorghiou AT. Noninvasive prenatal screening in twin pregnancies with cell-free DNA using the IONA test: a prospective multicenter study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:79.e1-79.e13. [PMID: 33460583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In singleton pregnancies, studies investigating cell-free DNA in maternal blood have consistently reported high detection rate and low false-positive rate for the 3 common fetal trisomies (trisomies 21, 18, and 13). The potential advantages of noninvasive prenatal testing in twin pregnancies are even greater than in singletons, in particular lower need for invasive testing and consequent fetal loss rate. However, several organizations do not recommend cell-free DNA in twin pregnancies and call for larger prospective studies. OBJECTIVE In response to this, we undertook a large prospective multicenter study to establish the screening performance of cell-free DNA for the 3 common trisomies in twin pregnancies. Moreover, we combined our data with that reported in published studies to obtain the best estimate of screening performance. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective multicenter blinded study evaluating the screening performance of cell-free DNA in maternal plasma for the detection of fetal trisomies in twin pregnancies. The study took place in 6 fetal medicine centers in England, United Kingdom. The primary outcome was the screening performance and test failure rate of cell-free DNA using next generation sequencing (the IONA test). Maternal blood was taken at the time of (or after) a conventional screening test. Data were collected at enrolment, at any relevant invasive testing throughout pregnancy, and after delivery until the time of hospital discharge. Prospective detailed outcome ascertainment was undertaken on all newborns. The study was undertaken and reported according to the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. A pooled analysis was also undertaken using our data and those in the studies identified by a literature search (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov) on June 6, 2020. RESULTS A total of 1003 women with twin pregnancies were recruited, and complete data with follow-up and reference data were available for 961 (95.8%); 276 were monochorionic and 685 were dichorionic. The failure rate was 0.31%. The mean fetal fraction was 12.2% (range, 3%-36%); all 9 samples with a 3% fetal fraction provided a valid result. There were no false-positive or false-negative results for trisomy 21 or trisomy 13, whereas there was 1 false-negative and 1 false-positive result for trisomy 18. The IONA test had a detection rate of 100% for trisomy 21 (n=13; 95% confidence interval, 75-100), 0% for trisomy 18 (n=1; 95% confidence interval, 0-98), and 100% for trisomy 13 (n=1; 95% confidence interval, 3-100). The corresponding false-positive rates were 0% (95% confidence interval, 0-0.39), 0.10% (95% confidence interval, 0-0.58), and 0% (95% confidence interval, 0-0.39), respectively. By combining data from our study with the 11 studies identified by literature search, the detection rate for trisomy 21 was 95% (n=74; 95% confidence interval, 90-99) and the false-positive rate was 0.09% (n=5598; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.19). The corresponding values for trisomy 18 were 82% (n=22; 95% confidence interval, 66-93) and 0.08% (n=4869; 95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.18), respectively. There were 5 cases of trisomy 13 and 3881 non-trisomy 13 pregnancies, resulting in a computed average detection rate of 80% and a false-positive rate of 0.13%. CONCLUSION This large multicenter study confirms that cell-free DNA testing is the most accurate screening test for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies, with screening performance similar to that in singletons and very low failure rates (0.31%). The predictive accuracy for trisomies 18 and 13 may be less. However, given the low false-positive rate, offering first-line screening with cell-free DNA to women with twin pregnancy is appropriate in our view and should be considered a primary screening test for trisomy 21 in twins.
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Abstract
This Outlook discusses Mu et al.’s finding showing that synaptonemal complex (SC) formation between individual chromosomes provides the feedback to down-regulate Spo11 activity, thereby revealing an additional function for the SC. Proper segregation during meiosis requires that homologs be connected by the combination of crossovers and sister chromatid cohesion. To generate crossovers, numerous double-strand breaks (DSBs) are introduced throughout the genome by the conserved Spo11 endonuclease. DSB formation and its repair are then highly regulated to ensure that homologous chromosomes contain at least one crossover and no DSBs remain prior to meiosis I segregation. The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a meiosis-specific structure formed between homologous chromosomes during prophase that promotes DSB formation and biases repair of DSBs to homologs over sister chromatids. Synapsis occurs when a particular recombination pathway is successful in establishing stable interhomolog connections. In this issue of Genes & Development, Mu and colleagues (pp. 1605–1618) show that SC formation between individual chromosomes provides the feedback to down-regulate Spo11 activity, thereby revealing an additional function for the SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Hollingsworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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Gou L, Fang Y, Wang N, Zhang M, Liu T, Wang Y, Hu S, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Wang Y, Suo F, Gu M. Clinical management of pregnancies with positive screening results for rare autosomal aneuploidies at a single center. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520966877. [PMID: 33167762 PMCID: PMC7658522 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520966877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To review our experiences on clinical management of pregnancies with positive noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) results for rare autosomal aneuploidies (RAAs) at a single center. Methods We performed a retrospective study and reviewed data from 18,016 pregnancies undergoing NIPT at a single center in China from March 2017 to February 2020. Depending on the patient’s choice, women with positive screening results for RAAs underwent chromosomal microarray analysis for invasive prenatal diagnosis. Results Thirty-three positive cases for RAAs were identified, with a positive screening rate of 0.18%. The most common RAA was trisomy 7 (33.3%), while trisomies for other chromosomes were less frequent. Monosomies involving chromosomes 16, 14, and 22 were observed. Twenty-eight cases of RAAs underwent invasive diagnosis. Abnormal pregnancy outcomes were observed in four cases, including true fetal mosaicism (n=1), partial uniparental disomy (n=1), miscarriage (n=1), and structural anomalies on ultrasound (n=1). Conclusions RAAs at NIPT might be associated with fetal uniparental disomy, mosaic aneuploidy, and poor pregnancy outcomes, but most positive cases have normal pregnancy outcomes. For RAAs, genetic counseling on the potential risks of abnormal NIPT results, as well as on benefits and limitations of invasive prenatal diagnosis, might help guide clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshan Gou
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Wang
- DAAN Gene Co., Ltd. of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Zhejiang Biosan Biochemical Technologies Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianya Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunan Hu
- Office of Scientific Research & Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Zhejiang Biosan Biochemical Technologies Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Suo
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maosheng Gu
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Eggenhuizen GM, Go A, Koster MPH, Baart EB, Galjaard RJ. Confined placental mosaicism and the association with pregnancy outcome and fetal growth: a review of the literature. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:885-903. [PMID: 33984128 PMCID: PMC8382909 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal mosaicism can be detected in different stages of early life: in cleavage stage embryos, in blastocysts and biopsied cells from blastocysts during preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) and later during prenatal testing, as well as after birth in cord blood. Mosaicism at all different stages can be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. There is an onward discussion about whether blastocysts diagnosed as chromosomally mosaic by PGT-A should be considered safe for transfer. An accurate diagnosis of mosaicism remains technically challenging and the fate of abnormal cells within an embryo remains largely unknown. However, if aneuploid cells persist in the extraembryonic tissues, they can give rise to confined placental mosaicism (CPM). Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) uses cell-free (cf) DNA released from the placenta in maternal blood, facilitating the detection of CPM. In literature, conflicting evidence is found about whether CPM is associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and/or other pregnancy outcomes. This makes counselling for patients by clinicians challenging and more knowledge is needed for clinical decision and policy making. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The objective of this review is to evaluate the association between CPM and prenatal growth and adverse pregnancy outcomes. All relevant literature has been reviewed in order to achieve an overview on merged results exploring the relation between CPM and FGR and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. SEARCH METHODS The following Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms and all their synonyms were used: placental, trophoblast, cytotrophoblast, mosaicism, trisomy, fetal growth, birth weight, small for gestational age and fetal development. A search in Embase, PubMed, Medline Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Google Scholar databases was conducted. Relevant articles published until 16 July 2020 were critically analyzed and discussed. OUTCOMES There were 823 articles found and screened based on their title/abstract. From these, 213 articles were selected and full text versions were obtained for a second selection, after which 70 publications were included and 328 cases (fetuses) were analyzed. For CPM in eight different chromosomes (of the total 14 analyzed), there was sufficient evidence that birth weight was often below the 5th percentile of fetal growth standards. FGR was reported in 71.7% of CPM cases and preterm birth (<37 weeks of delivery) was reported in 31.0% of cases. A high rate of structural fetal anomalies, 24.2%, in cases with CPM was also identified. High levels of mosaicism in CVS and presence of uniparental disomy (UPD) were significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Based on the literature, the advice to clinicians is to monitor fetal growth intensively from first trimester onwards in case of CPM, especially when chromosome 2, 3, 7, 13, 15, 16 and 22 are involved. In addition to this, it is advised to examine the fetuses thoroughly for structural fetal anomalies and raise awareness of a higher chance of (possibly extreme) premature birth. Despite prematurity in nearly a fifth of cases, the long-term follow-up of CPM life borns seems to be positive. More understanding of the biological mechanisms behind CPM will help in prioritizing embryos for transfer after the detection of mosaicism in embryos through PGT-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geerke M Eggenhuizen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Attie Go
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Maria P H Koster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Esther B Baart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands.,Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Jan Galjaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands
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Xu Y, Jin P, Lei Y, Qian Y, Xu Y, Wang M, Jin J, Yin Y, Dong M. Clinical Efficiency of Non-invasive Prenatal Screening for Common Trisomies in Low-Risk and Twin Pregnancies. Front Genet 2021; 12:661884. [PMID: 34040638 PMCID: PMC8143437 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.661884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the clinical efficiency of non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) for fetal aneuploidies in low-risk and twin pregnancies, patients who received NIPS in a tertiary university hospital were enrolled, and their clinical data, NIPS results and pregnancy outcomes were collected. Patients were divided into singleton and twin pregnancies, and then those with singleton pregnancies were divided into low- and high-risk pregnancies. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were estimated. Comparisons were made on the clinical efficiency of NIPS between singleton and twin pregnancies, as well as between low- and high-risk pregnancies. Of 66,172 patients enrolled, 59,962 were eligible for analysis. The sensitivity, specificity and NPV were ≥ 99% in singleton and twin pregnancies. The PPVs were 90.4, 56.6, and 13.0% in singleton pregnancies, while 100, 33.3, and 0% in twin pregnancies for trisomy 21 (T21), trisomy 18 (T18) and trisomy 13 (T13), respectively (P > 0.05 for all). The PPVs were 97.4 and 90.0% in high-risk pregnancies, while 78.6 and 16.7% in low-risk pregnancies for T21 and T18, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). In summary, the performance of NIPS in singleton pregnancies was similar to that in twin pregnancies. NIPS can be recommended for all pregnancies regardless of the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Xu
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengzhen Jin
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of endocrinology, People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeqing Qian
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinglei Jin
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Yin
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyue Dong
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Lund ICB, Petersen OB, Becher NH, Lildballe DL, Jørgensen FS, Ambye L, Skibsted L, Ernst A, Jensen AN, Fagerberg C, Brasch-Andersen C, Tabor A, Zingenberg HJ, Nørgaard P, Almind GJ, Vestergaard EM, Vogel I. National data on the early clinical use of non-invasive prenatal testing in public and private healthcare in Denmark 2013-2017. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021; 100:884-892. [PMID: 33230826 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Denmark, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been used since 2013. We aimed to evaluate the early clinical use of NIPT in Danish public and private healthcare settings before NIPT became an integrated part of the national guidelines on prenatal screening and diagnosis in 2017. MATERIAL AND METHODS NIPT data were collected between March 2013 and June 2017 from national public registries and private providers. Results from follow-up samples (chorionic villi, amniotic fluid, postnatal blood or fetal tissue) were included from The Danish Cytogenetics Central Registry and indications and outcome from The Danish Fetal Medicine Database. RESULTS A total of 3936 NIPT results were included in the study from public hospitals (n = 3463, 88.0%) and private clinics (n = 473, 12.0%). The total number of prenatal tests was 19 713 during the study period: 20% were NIPT analyses (n = 3936) and 80% invasive procedures (n = 15 777). Twenty-five percent of NIPTs in the private clinics were performed before gestational week 11+0 , whereas NIPT in public settings was used only after combined first trimester screening (P < .001). Regardless of indication, the national public sensitivity was 96.9% (95% CI 82.0%-99.8%) for trisomy 21, 100% (95% CI 46.3%-100%) for trisomy 18, 100% (95% CI 5.5%-100%) for trisomy 13, and 87.0% (95% CI 74.5%-92.4%) for any fetal chromosomal aberration. Forty-seven true-positive NIPT results included cases of common aneuplodies (trisomy 21, n = 31; trisomy 18, n = 5; and trisomy 13, n = 1), sex chromosomal aberrations (n = 7) and atypical chromosomal aberrations (n = 3). One false-negative NIPT result occurred (trisomy 21). Of 47 cases, 21 (45%) cases with a true-positive NIPT result resulted in live births by choice; 11 of these children had Down and 4 had Edwards syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The total number of NIPT analyses was low compared with the number of invasive procedures in the implementation period. In contrast to the generally high termination rate after a positive result following invasive testing in Denmark, a high proportion of true-positive NIPT results from the public setting resulted in live births. NIPT may be an important risk-free alternative to invasive testing for a minority of women in the public setting who wish to use prenatal genetic testing for information only and not for reproductive decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida C B Lund
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital/Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Olav B Petersen
- Department of Obstetrics, Center for Fetal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja H Becher
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital/Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorte L Lildballe
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital/Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Finn S Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Hvidovre Hospital's NIPT Center, Fetal Medicine Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Louise Ambye
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Hvidovre Hospital's NIPT Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lillian Skibsted
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anja Ernst
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ann N Jensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christina Fagerberg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Ann Tabor
- Department of Obstetrics, Center for Fetal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle J Zingenberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Pernille Nørgaard
- Department of Obstetrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hillerød Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | | | - Else Marie Vestergaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital/Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ida Vogel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital/Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Xu D, Zhu Y, Li L, Xu Y, Yan W, Dai M, Gan L. Evaluation of Maternal Serum sHLA-G Levels for Trisomy 18 Fetuses Screening at Second Trimester. Front Genet 2021; 11:497264. [PMID: 33574829 PMCID: PMC7870785 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.497264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) has been widely acknowledged to play critical roles in fetal-maternal maintenance. However, the significance of using maternal serum sHLA-G to detect prenatal chromosomal abnormality has not been investigated. In China, prenatal screening using maternal α-fetoprotein (AFP), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and free β subunit human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) in the second trimester has been widely applied. In this study, we evaluated the use of sHLA-G as a screening marker, compared with traditional second trimester prenatal screening. Serum samples from 1,019 singleton women in their second trimester were assessed. Among them, 139 infants were confirmed with trisomy 21 (T21) by karyotyping, 83 were confirmed with trisomy 18 (T18), and the remaining 797 infants had no abnormalities. The sHLA-G levels in maternal sera were significantly lower in pregnant women with T18 fetuses (median: 47.8 U/ml, range: 9.8-234.2 U/ml) and significantly higher in those with T21 fetuses (median: 125.7 U/ml, range: 28.7-831.7 U/ml), compared with the normal controls (median: 106.3 U/ml, range: 50.5-1136.4 U/ml) (p < 0.001). The risk values of the screening of T21 or T18 fetuses were assessed using mean and standard deviation log10 analyte multiples of median (MoM) which showed that the predictive values of sHLA-G were the same as free β-hCG, and superior to AFP and uE3 for T18 screening. Logistic regression analysis revealed that sHLA-G MoM was the highest risk factor associated with pregnant women carrying T18 fetuses [Exp(B): 171.26, 95% CI: 36.30-807.97, p < 0.001]. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the area under ROC curve for sHLA-G MoM was 0.915 (95% CI, 0.871-0.959, p < 0.001), for AFP MoM was 0.796 (95% CI, 0.730-0.861, p < 0.001), for free β-hCG MoM was 0.881 (95% CI, 0.829-0.934, p < 0.001), and for uE3 MoM was 0.876 (95% CI, 0.828-0.923, p < 0.001) in the T18 group. sHLA-G MoM demonstrated the best sensitivity and negative predictive value. For the first time, our findings reveal that sHLA-G is a better second trimester screening marker for the detection of T18 fetuses and the combined application of sHLA-G with AFP, free β-hCG, and uE3 could improve clinical screening for T18 fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Xu
- Reproductive Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wezhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiyang Zhu
- Reproductive Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wezhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Reproductive Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wezhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingping Xu
- Reproductive Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wezhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weihua Yan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wezhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meizhen Dai
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wezhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linghong Gan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wezhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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50
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Mu X, Murakami H, Mohibullah N, Keeney S. Chromosome-autonomous feedback down-regulates meiotic DNA break competence upon synaptonemal complex formation. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1605-1618. [PMID: 33184224 PMCID: PMC7706706 DOI: 10.1101/gad.342873.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The number of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiating meiotic recombination is elevated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants that are globally defective in forming crossovers and synaptonemal complex (SC), a protein scaffold juxtaposing homologous chromosomes. These mutants thus appear to lack a negative feedback loop that inhibits DSB formation when homologs engage one another. This feedback is predicted to be chromosome autonomous, but this has not been tested. Moreover, what chromosomal process is recognized as "homolog engagement" remains unclear. To address these questions, we evaluated effects of homolog engagement defects restricted to small portions of the genome using karyotypically abnormal yeast strains with a homeologous chromosome V pair, monosomic V, or trisomy XV. We found that homolog engagement-defective chromosomes incurred more DSBs, concomitant with prolonged retention of the DSB-promoting protein Rec114, while the rest of the genome remained unaffected. SC-deficient, crossover-proficient mutants ecm11 and gmc2 experienced increased DSB numbers diagnostic of homolog engagement defects. These findings support the hypothesis that SC formation provokes DSB protein dissociation, leading in turn to loss of a DSB competent state. Our findings show that DSB number is regulated in a chromosome-autonomous fashion and provide insight into how homeostatic DSB controls respond to aneuploidy during meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Mu
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Hajime Murakami
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Neeman Mohibullah
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Scott Keeney
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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