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Erkovich AV, Korotkova EI, Dorozhko EV, Plotnikov EV, Semin VO, Chernova AP, Barek J, Solomonenko AN, Aseeva NV. A novel impedimetric sensor based on N-acetyl-L-cysteine for the determination of hydroxyl radicals in cell cultures in vitro. Talanta 2024; 270:125600. [PMID: 38159349 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We report a novel impedimetric sensor based on a graphite electrode impregnated with polyethylene and paraffin under vacuum (IGE) modified with electrochemically deposited gold and a self-assembled monolayer of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC/Au/IGE) for selective and sensitive determination of extracellular hydroxyl radicals (OH•) generated by living cells. The application of a sulphur-containing molecule oxidized by OH• predicts the high selectivity of the sensor, and the utilization of the non-faradaic impedance spectroscopy for recording an analytical response makes it possible to achieve superior sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.01 nM and a linear dynamic range of 0.08-8 nM. Meanwhile, NAC/Au/IGE demonstrated a strong potential of detecting OH• generated by biological objects via successful determination of extracellular hydroxyl radicals generated by normal fibroblast cells and prostate carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Erkovich
- Division for Chemical Engineering, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - E I Korotkova
- Division for Chemical Engineering, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E V Dorozhko
- Division for Chemical Engineering, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E V Plotnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V O Semin
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademicheskii 2/4, 634055, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A P Chernova
- Division for Chemical Engineering, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - J Barek
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Hlavova 8/2030, CZ 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - A N Solomonenko
- Division for Chemical Engineering, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N V Aseeva
- Division for Chemical Engineering, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
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Wen T, Xie J, Ma L, Hao Z, Zhang W, Wu T, Li L. Vitamin D Receptor Activation Reduces Hepatic Inflammation via Enhancing Macrophage Autophagy in Cholestatic Mice. Am J Pathol 2024; 194:369-383. [PMID: 38104651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage autophagy dysfunction aggravates liver injury by activating inflammasomes, which can cleave pro-IL-1β to its active, secreted form. We investigated whether the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis could up-regulate macrophage autophagy function to inhibit the activation of inflammasome-dependent IL-1β during cholestasis. Paricalcitol (PAL; VDR agonist) was intraperitoneally injected into bile duct-ligated mice for 5 days. Up-regulation of VDR expression by PAL reduced liver injury by reducing the oxidative stress-induced inflammatory reaction in macrophages. Moreover, PAL inhibited inflammasome-dependent IL-1β generation. Mechanistically, the knockdown of VDR increased IL-1β generation, whereas VDR overexpression exerted the opposite effect following tert-butyl hydroperoxide treatment. The inflammasome antagonist glyburide, the caspase-1-specific inhibitor YVAD, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) blocked the increase in Vdr shRNA-induced IL-1β production. Interestingly, up-regulation of VDR also enhanced macrophage autophagy. Autophagy reduction impaired the up-regulation of VDR-inhibited macrophage inflammasome-generated IL-1β, whereas autophagy induction showed a synergistic effect with VDR overexpression through ROS-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. This result was confirmed by p38 MAPK inhibitor, MAPK activator, and ROS inhibitor NAC. Collectively, PAL triggered macrophage autophagy by suppressing activation of the ROS-p38 MAPK pathway, which, in turn, suppressed inflammasome-generated cleaved, active forms of IL-1β, eventually leading to reduced inflammation. Thus, triggering the VDR may be a potential target for the anti-inflammatory treatment of cholestatic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wenling First People's Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Liman Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Hao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingyao Wu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wenling First People's Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.
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Wu T, Zhang H, Zhang P, James TD, Sun X. A Rationally Designed Prodrug for the Fluorogenic Labeling of Albumin and Theranostic Effects on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3498-3507. [PMID: 38363806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The development of small-molecular fluorogenic tools for the chemo-selective labeling of proteins in live cells is important for the evaluation of intracellular redox homeostasis. Dynamic imaging of human serum albumin (HSA), an antioxidant protein under oxidative stress with concomitant release of antioxidant drugs to maintain redox homeostasis, affords potential opportunities for disease diagnosis and treatment. In this work, we developed a nonfluorogenic prodrug named TPA-NAC, by introducing N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) into a conjugated acceptor skeleton. Through combined thiol and amino addition, coupling with HSA results in fluorescence turn-on and drug release. It was reasoned that the restricted intramolecular motion of the probe under an HSA microenvironment after covalent bonding inhibited the nonradiative transitions. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and photochemical properties of TPA-NAC enabled it to image exogenous and endogenous HSA in living cells in a wash-free manner. Additionally, the released drug evoked upregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which synergistically eliminated reactive oxygen species in a drug-induced liver injury model. This study provides insights into the design of new theranostic fluorescent prodrugs for chemo-selective protein labeling and disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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Rodrigues JP, da Costa Silva JR, Ferreira BA, Veloso LI, Quirino LS, Rosa RR, Barbosa MC, Rodrigues CM, Gaspari PBF, Beletti ME, Goulart LR, Corrêa NCR. Development of collagenous scaffolds for wound healing: characterization and in vivo analysis. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2024; 35:12. [PMID: 38315254 PMCID: PMC10844142 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of wound dressings from biomaterials has been the subject of research due to their unique structural and functional characteristics. Proteins from animal origin, such as collagen and chitosan, act as promising materials for applications in injuries and chronic wounds, functioning as a repairing agent. This study aims to evaluate in vitro effects of scaffolds with different formulations containing bioactive compounds such as collagen, chitosan, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and ε-poly-lysine (ε-PL). We manufactured a scaffold made of a collagen hydrogel bioconjugated with chitosan by crosslinking and addition of NAC and ε-PL. Cell viability was verified by resazurin and live/dead assays and the ultrastructure of biomaterials was evaluated by SEM. Antimicrobial sensitivity was assessed by antibiogram. The healing potential of the biomaterial was evaluated in vivo, in a model of healing of excisional wounds in mice. On the 7th day after the injury, the wounds and surrounding skin were processed for evaluation of biochemical and histological parameters associated with the inflammatory process. The results showed great cell viability and increase in porosity after crosslinking while antimicrobial action was observed in scaffolds containing NAC and ε-PL. Chitosan scaffolds bioconjugated with NAC/ε-PL showed improvement in tissue healing, with reduced lesion size and reduced inflammation. It is concluded that scaffolds crosslinked with chitosan-NAC-ε-PL have the desirable characteristics for tissue repair at low cost and could be considered promising biomaterials in the practice of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Peixoto Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-248, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Regina da Costa Silva
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-248, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Bruno Antônio Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ian Veloso
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-248, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Sousa Quirino
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-248, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Roberta Rezende Rosa
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-248, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Matheus Carvalho Barbosa
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-248, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Mendonça Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-248, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Paula Batista Fernandes Gaspari
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-248, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Emílio Beletti
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-248, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Natássia Caroline Resende Corrêa
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-248, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
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Zhang H, Huang Y. Genome-wide identification and characterization of greenbug-inducible NAC transcription factors in sorghum. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:207. [PMID: 38270755 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an important cereal crop grown worldwide because of its multipurpose uses such as food, forage, and bioenergy feedstock and its wide range of adaption even in marginal environments. Greenbug can cause severe damage to sorghum plants and yield loss. Plant NAC transcription factors (TFs) have been reported to have diverse functions in plant development and plant defense but has not been studied in sorghum yet. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the sorghum NAC (SbNAC) gene family was conducted through genome-wide analysis. A total of 112 NAC genes has been identified in the sorghum genome. These SbNAC genes are phylogenetically clustered into 15 distinct subfamilies and unevenly distribute in clusters at the telomeric ends of each chromosome. Twelve pairs of SbNAC genes are possibly involved in the segmental duplication among nine chromosomes except chromosome 10. Structure analysis showed the diverse structures with a highly variable number of exons in the SbNAC genes. Furthermore, most of the SbNAC genes showed specific temporal and spatial expression patterns according to the results of RNA-seq analysis, suggesting their diverse functions during sorghum growth and development. We have also identified nine greenbug-inducible SbNAC genes by comparing the expression profiles between two sorghum genotypes (susceptible BTx623 and resistant PI607900) in response to greenbug infestation. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic analysis of the NAC gene expression profiles provides both a preliminary survey into their roles in plant defense against insect pests and a useful reference for in-depth characterization of the SbNAC genes and the regulatory network that contributes genetic resistance to aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyou Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Yinghua Huang
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Laboratory, 1301 N. Western Road, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA.
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Di Foggia M, Taddei P, Boga C, Nocentini B, Micheletti G. Interactions between Damaged Hair Keratin and Juglone as a Possible Restoring Agent: A Vibrational and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. Molecules 2024; 29:320. [PMID: 38257235 PMCID: PMC10819223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Juglone, a quinonic compound present in walnut extracts, was proposed as a restoring agent for hair keratin treated with permanent or discoloration processes. The proposed mechanism of restoration by juglone involves the formation of a Michael adduct between the quinone and the thiol moieties of cysteine residues. To this purpose, the first part of the present paper involved the spectroscopic study of the product of the reaction between juglone and N-acetyl-L-cysteine as a model compound. IR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) monitored the chemical and morphological variations induced by applying juglone to hair keratin. In order to simulate the most common hair treatments (i.e., permanent and discoloration), juglone was applied to hair that had been previously treated with a reducing agent, i.e., methyl thioglycolate (MT) or with bleaching agents (based on hydrogen peroxide and persulfates) followed by sodium hydrogen sulfite. IR spectroscopy allowed us to monitor the formation of Michael adducts between juglone and cysteine residues: the Michael adducts' content was related to the cysteine content of the samples. In fact, MT and sodium hydrogen sulfite favored the reduction of the disulfide bonds and increased the content of free cysteine residues, which can react with juglone. SEM analyses confirmed the trend observed by IR spectroscopy since hair samples treated with juglone adopted a more regular hair surface and more imbricated scales, thus supporting the possible use of juglone as a restoring agent for damaged hair keratins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Di Foggia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Paola Taddei
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Carla Boga
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari’, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (G.M.)
| | | | - Gabriele Micheletti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry ‘Toso Montanari’, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (G.M.)
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Harvey F, Aromokunola B, Montaut S, Yang G. The Antioxidant Properties of Glucosinolates in Cardiac Cells Are Independent of H 2S Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:696. [PMID: 38255773 PMCID: PMC10815443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The organic sulfur-containing compounds glucosinolates (GSLs) and the novel gasotransmitter H2S are known to have cardioprotective effects. This study investigated the antioxidant effects and H2S-releasing potential of three GSLs ((3E)-4-(methylsulfanyl)but-3-enyl GSL or glucoraphasatin, 4-hydroxybenzyl GSL or glucosinalbin, and (RS)-6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl GSL or glucohesperin) in rat cardiac cells. It was found that all three GSLs had no effect on cardiac cell viability but were able to protect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cell death. NaHS, a H2S donor, also protected the cells from H2O2-stimulated oxidative stress and cell death. The GSLs alone or mixed with cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, glutathione, H2O2, iron and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, or mouse liver lysates did not induce H2S release. The addition of GSLs also did not alter endogenous H2S levels in cardiac cells. H2O2 significantly induced cysteine oxidation in the cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) protein and inhibited the H2S production rate. In conclusion, this study found that the three tested GSLs protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress and cell death but independently of H2S signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Harvey
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (F.H.); (B.A.)
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Boluwaji Aromokunola
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (F.H.); (B.A.)
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Sabine Montaut
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (F.H.); (B.A.)
| | - Guangdong Yang
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (F.H.); (B.A.)
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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Zhang WY, Zhao CM, Wang CS, Xie X, Li YQ, Chen BB, Feng L, Jiang P. Methylglyoxal accumulation contributes to accelerated brain aging in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:108-119. [PMID: 37984752 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
While it is well-acknowledged that neurovascular dysfunction in hypertension is tightly associated with accelerated brain aging, we contend that the deleterious effects of hypertension may extend beyond affecting only the arteries. Methylglyoxal (MG) derived from glycolysis, is involved in the accumulation of advanced glycated end products (AGEs), which are the hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the present study aims to firstly investigate the role of MG metabolism in the hypertension-accelerated brain aging process. The results of our study indicate that the levels of MG increase with age in both the plasma and hippocampus of SHRs at 12, 16, and 30 weeks old. AGE methylglyoxal-hydro imidazoline-1 (MG-H1) is primarily localized in astrocytes, while its presence was not observed in neurons and microglia within the hypertensive hippocampus. Our observations also suggest that angiotensin II (Ang II) enhances glucose uptake and glycolysis while reducing the expression of Glo1 in cultured astrocytes. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was found to counteract the increase in escape latency and inhibit the activation of the AGEs-RAGE axis in 30-week-old SHRs. NAC decreased Iba-1 immunofluorescence intensity, inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory markers, and enhanced the abundance of anti-inflammatory markers in the hippocampus of SHRs. Moreover, NAC reduced the immunofluorescence signal of 4HNE and increased the content of GSH and SOD in SHRs. Finally, NAC was observed to inhibit apoptosis in the hippocampus of SHRs. Collectively, we firstly showed the enhanced accumulation of MG in the hypertensive brain, whereas the clearance of MG by NAC treatment mitigated the aging process and attenuated AGEs generation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 510006, China
| | - Cui-Mei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 510006, China
| | - Chang-Shui Wang
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Yu-Qi Li
- Department of cardiology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, China
| | - Bei-Bei Chen
- ADFA School of Science, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, China.
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, China; Institute of Translational Pharmacy, Jining Medical Research Academy, Jining, 272000, China.
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Godfrey H, Jedlowski P, Thiede R. Medication Associations With Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions: A Case/Non-Case Analysis Using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. J Cutan Med Surg 2024; 28:51-58. [PMID: 38189282 DOI: 10.1177/12034754231220931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) are potentially life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). Although the classical causal agents of SCARs (antibiotics, anticonvulsants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and allopurinol) are well characterized, there has been little update to this list to account for newly marketed medications. OBJECTIVE To provide an updated and stratified list of medications with significant reporting odds ratios (RORs) of SCARs. METHODS A case/non-case analysis using the United States FDA Adverse Event Reporting System was performed. RESULTS As expected, the prototypical medication classes made up the majority of reported cases of SJS, TEN, AGEP, and DRESS (77%, 64%, 75%, and 72%, respectively). In addition, several infrequently or previously undescribed classes/medications implicated in SCARs were identified to have significant ROR signals, including acetylcysteine, anticoagulants, diuretics, immunotherapies, proton pump inhibitors, antivirals, and antifungals. Among these reported for SJS were acetylcysteine (ROR: 64.38) and fluconazole (ROR: 17.13). For TEN, we identified furosemide (ROR: 26.32), spironolactone (ROR: 14.45), fluconazole (ROR: 30.21), amphotericin B (39.06), and acetylcysteine (ROR: 93.12). For AGEP, we identified acyclovir (ROR: 61.72), valacyclovir (ROR: 30.76), and enoxaparin (ROR: 27.37). For DRESS, we identified vemurafenib (ROR: 17.35), acyclovir (ROR: 30.63), abacavir (ROR: 26.62), raltegravir (ROR: 23.27), and valacyclovir (ROR: 21.77) to have strong reporting odds. CONCLUSION Our analysis provides an updated tool for physicians to reference when identifying suspected SCARs and a basis for future studies to investigate atypical medication causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Godfrey
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick Jedlowski
- Division of Dermatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rebecca Thiede
- Division of Dermatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Saito M, Ikoma A, Fujikawa A, Tanaka K. Improvements in pincer nail deformity occur earlier and last longer when acetylcysteine gel is added to an overcurvature-correcting device: Results of a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, vehicle-controlled, investigator-blinded study. J Dermatol 2024; 51:23-29. [PMID: 38009825 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcysteine (AC) destabilizes keratin and softens nails, reducing the time needed to correct pincer nail deformity with an overcurvature-correcting device. The objective of this phase 3, multicenter, randomized, investigator-blinded study was to evaluate the early and sustained therapeutic effectiveness and safety of 10% AC gel plus an overcurvature-correcting device to treat pincer nails. Patients aged 12 years and older with hallux pincer nail were fitted with an overcurvature-correcting device for 7 days, with a 24-h application of AC gel (n = 40) or vehicle (n = 39) on day 1. The primary end point (achievement of a distal narrowed nail width ratio ≥70% on day 8) was met by 47.5% in the 10% AC group and 25.6% in the vehicle group (difference 21.9%; p = 0.0439). Secondary end points showed a greater tendency towards improvement with 10% AC. The nail correction effect was maintained for at least 12 weeks in the majority of AC-treated patients, although the study duration was insufficient to assess the long-term probability of recurrence. No AC-related adverse events were reported. In conclusion, a single application of 10% AC gel combined with short-term device use facilitated earlier correction of pincer nails compared with the device alone, with improvements maintained after device removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Saito
- Medical Corporation Shinanokai Shinanozaka Clinic, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Chen P, Lv X, Zheng Z. Gigantol exerts anti-lung cancer activity by inducing ferroptosis via SLC7A11-GPX4 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 690:149274. [PMID: 37995455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Gigantol, a naturally occurring dibenzyl compound derived from various orchid species within the Dendrobium genus, exhibits notable pharmacological activity. We found that gigantol has significant anti-lung cancer properties, both in vitro and in vivo, which it exerts through the induction of ferroptosis. Furthermore, we found gigantol's specific interaction with the subunit solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) within the cystine/glutamate antiporter system (system Xc-), leading to the inhibition of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. This, in turn, disrupts redox homeostasis. Additionally, gigantol hinders the uptake of extracellular cystine via lung cancer cells, resulting in reduced cellular levels of cysteine, a vital precursor in GSH synthesis. This reduction, in turn, leads to an increase in the levels of glutamate. Simultaneously, our study reveals that the decrease in GSH significantly inhibits the activity of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a key enzyme within the antioxidant system. Remarkably, N-acetylcysteine, a cystine precursor, effectively reverses gigantol-induced ferroptosis in lung cancer cells. This provides further confirmation that the anti-lung cancer mechanism of gigantol is to induce ferroptosis of lung cancer cells by targeting the SLC7A11-GPX4 signaling axis. In conclusion, our study underscores gigantol's potential as a promising candidate drug for the treatment of patients with lung cancer in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Xing Lv
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Zilu Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
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12
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Alhajj N, Yahya MFZR, O'Reilly NJ, Cathcart H. Development and characterization of a spray-dried inhalable ternary combination for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infection in cystic fibrosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106654. [PMID: 38013123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited lung disease characterised by the accumulation of thick layers of dried mucus in the lungs which serve as a nidus for chronic infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant cause of chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis. The dense mucus coupled with biofilm formation hinder antibiotic penetration and prevent them from reaching their target. Mucoactive agents are recommended in the treatment of CF in combination with antibiotics. In spite of the extensive research in developing novel drug combinations for the treatment of lung infection in CF, to our knowledge, there is no study that combines antibiotic, antibiofilm and mucoactive agent in a single inhaled dry powder formulation. In the present study, we investigate the possibility of adding a mucoactive agent to our previously developed ciprofloxacinquercetin (antibiotic-antibiofilm) dry powder for inhalation. Three mucoactive agents, namely mannitol (MAN), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and ambroxol hydrochloride (AMB), were investigated for this purpose. The ternary combinations were prepared via spray drying without the addition of excipients. All ternary combinations conserved or improved the antibacterial and biofilm inhibition activities of ciprofloxacin against P. aeruginosa (ATCC 10145). The addition of AMB resulted in an amorphous ternary combination (SD-CQA) with superior physical stability as indicated by DSC and nonambient XRPD. Furthermore, SD-CQA displayed better in vitro aerosolization performance (ED ∼ 71 %; FPF ∼ 49 %) compared to formulations containing MAN and NAC (ED ∼ 64 % and 44 %; FPF ∼ 44 % and 29 %, respectively). In conclusion, a ternary drug combination powder with suitable aerosolization, physical stability and antibacterial/antibiofilm properties was prepared by a single spray drying step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Alhajj
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), South East Technological University (SETU), Main Campus, Cork Road, Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland.
| | | | - Niall J O'Reilly
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), South East Technological University (SETU), Main Campus, Cork Road, Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland; SSPC - The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland
| | - Helen Cathcart
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), South East Technological University (SETU), Main Campus, Cork Road, Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland
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13
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Mehwish M, Nasir MJ, Raziq A, Al-Quraishi AMF, Ghaib FA. Soil erosion vulnerability and soil loss estimation for Siran River watershed, Pakistan: an integrated GIS and remote sensing approach. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 196:104. [PMID: 38158498 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Soil erosion is a problematic issue with detrimental effects on agriculture and water resources, particularly in countries like Pakistan that heavily rely on farming. The condition of major reservoirs, such as Tarbela, Mangla, and Warsak, is crucial for ensuring an adequate water supply for agriculture in Pakistan. The Kunhar and Siran rivers flow practically parallel, and the environment surrounding both rivers' basins is nearly identical. The Kunhar River is one of KP's dirtiest rivers that carries 0.1 million tons of suspended sediment to the Mangla reservoir. In contrast, the Siran River basin is largely unexplored. Therefore, this study focuses on the Siran River basin in the district of Manshera, Pakistan, aiming to assess annual soil loss and identify erosion-prone regions. Siran River average annual total soil loss million tons/year is 0.154. To achieve this, the researchers integrate Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) data with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. Five key variables, rainfall, land use land cover (LULC), slope, soil types, and crop management, were examined to estimate the soil loss. The findings indicate diverse soil loss causes, and the basin's northern parts experience significant soil erosion. The study estimated that annual soil loss from the Siran River basin is 0.154 million tons with an average rate of 0.871 tons per hectare per year. RUSLE model combined with GIS/RS is an efficient technique for calculating soil loss and identifying erosion-prone areas. Stakeholders such as policymakers, farmers, and conservationists can utilize this information to target efforts and reduce soil loss in specific areas. Overall, the study's results have the potential to advance initiatives aimed at safeguarding the Siran River watershed and its vital resources. Protecting soil resources and ensuring adequate water supplies are crucial for sustainable agriculture and economic development in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Mehwish
- Department of Geography, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdur Raziq
- Department of Geography, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ayad M Fadhil Al-Quraishi
- Petroleum and Mining Engineering Department, Tishk International University, Erbil, 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Fadhil Ali Ghaib
- Petroleum and Mining Engineering Department, Tishk International University, Erbil, 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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14
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Huang S, Wang H, Liu X, Liu L, Liu D, Zhang X, Zhang L, Xie P, Zhang Y. Pyrylium-based derivatization for rapid labeling and enhanced detection of thiol in mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1284:341968. [PMID: 37996155 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Many endogenous antioxidants, including glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), cysteinyl-glycine (Cys-Gly) and homocysteine (Hcy) possess free thiol functional groups. In most cases, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) analyses of trace amounts of thiol compounds are challenging because of their instability and poor ionization properties. We present a mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) approach for mapping of thiol compounds on brain tissue sections. Our derivatization reagents 1-(2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium (MTMP) and 1-(2-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)ethyl)-2,4,5-triphenylpyridinium (MTPP) facilitate the covalent charge-tagging of molecules containing free thiol group for the selective and rapid detection of GSH synthesis and metabolic pathway related metabolites by MALDI-MSI. The developed thiol-specific mass spectrometry imaging method realizes the quantitative detection of exogenous N-acetylcysteine tissue sections, and the detection limit in mass spectrometry imaging could reach 0.05 ng. We illustrate the capabilities of the developed method to mapping of thiol compounds on brain tissue from the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) depression model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100039, PR China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China.
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China.
| | - Lihua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Peng Xie
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China
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15
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Xing S, Guo Z, Lang J, Zhou M, Cao J, He H, Yu L, Zhou Y. N-Acetyl-l-cysteine ameliorates gestational diabetes mellitus by inhibiting oxidative stress. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2189969. [PMID: 37040789 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2189969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 7% of pregnant women worldwide. How to effectively treat GDM has always been a concern of people.Research methods: In this study, a diabetes model was established by drug-induced mice. Subsequently, the blood glucose levels and serum insulin changes of the mice after N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) treatment were observed. At the same time, the effect of NAC on reproduction of GDM mice was recorded.Results of the study: Mice fed NAC showed significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared to Diabetic/Control. Total serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and serum low-density lipoprotein were significantly reduced, and atherosclerosis index was much lower than in control mice. In addition, Diabetic/Control mice had lower litter sizes and higher birth weights. NAC treatment significantly restored litter size and reduced birth weight in Diabetic/Control mice. It was found in WB assay that the NAC-fed group significantly increased nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 expression levels.Conclusion: NAC can improve blood glucose tolerance in GDM mice; NAC effectively relieves the symptoms of hyperlipidemia caused by GDM; NAC enhances the expression of Nrf2/HO-1 in the liver, thereby restoring redox homeostasis. NAC can reduce gestational diabetes-related disease indicators by oral administration, and has a beneficial effect on the offspring of pregnant mice (reduces its diabetes disease indicators).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Xing
- Department of Oncology, Tangshan Central Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhizhen Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jie Lang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tangshan Central Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jianfang Cao
- Department of Oncology, Tangshan Central Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Hongyu He
- Department of Oncology, Tangshan Central Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Luyan Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tangshan Central Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, China
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16
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Ostrem BEL, Godfrey D, Caruso PA, Musolino PL. Monogenic Causes of Cerebrovascular Disease in Childhood: A Case Series. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 149:39-43. [PMID: 37776659 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an increase in the number of genes associated with pediatric stroke, imaging phenotypes in children have not been well reported. Guidelines are needed to facilitate the identification and treatment of patients with monogenic causes of cerebrovascular disorders. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of imaging and medical records of patients aged zero to 21 years with monogenic causes of vascular malformations, small or large vessel disease, transient ischemic attacks, and/or ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. We classified patients according to their imaging phenotype and reviewed neurological and systemic features and management strategies. We reviewed the literature to identify genes associated with cerebrovascular disorders presenting in childhood. RESULTS We identified 18 patients with monogenic causes of cerebrovascular disorders and classified each patient as belonging to one or more of three cerebrovascular phenotypes according to predominant imaging characteristics: small vessel disease, large vessel disease, and/or vascular malformations. Preventative treatments included aspirin, N-acetylcysteine, tocilizumab, therapeutic low-molecular-weight heparin, and resection of vascular malformations. CONCLUSIONS Classifying pediatric patients with cerebrovascular disorders by imaging phenotype can aid in determining the next steps in genetic testing and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget E L Ostrem
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Deena Godfrey
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul A Caruso
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Lenox Hill Radiology and Medical Imaging Associates, New York, New York
| | - Patricia L Musolino
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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17
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Dekant R, Bertermann R, Serban J, Sharma S, Shinohara M, Morizawa Y, Okamoto H, Brock W, Dekant W, Mally A. Species-differences in the in vitro biotransformation of trifluoroethene (HFO-1123). Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:3095-3111. [PMID: 37792044 PMCID: PMC10567879 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
1,1,2-Trifluoroethene (HFO-1123) is anticipated for use as a refrigerant with low global warming potential. Inhalation studies on HFO-1123 in rats indicated a low potential for toxicity (NOAELs ≥ 20,000 ppm). In contrast, single inhalation exposure of Goettingen® minipigs (≥ 500 ppm) and New Zealand white rabbits (≥ 1250 ppm) resulted in severe toxicity. It has been suggested that these pronounced species-differences in toxicity may be attributable to species-differences in biotransformation of HFO-1123 via the mercapturic acid pathway. Therefore, the overall objective of this study was to evaluate species-differences in glutathione (GSH) dependent in vitro metabolism of HFO-1123 in susceptible versus less susceptible species and humans as a basis for human risk assessment. Biotransformation of HFO-1123 to S-(1,1,2-trifluoroethyl)-L-glutathione (1123-GSH) and subsequent cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase-mediated cleavage of the corresponding cysteine conjugate (1123-CYS) was monitored in hepatic and renal subcellular fractions of mice, rats, minipigs, rabbits, and humans. While 1123-GSH formation occurred at higher rates in rat and rabbit liver S9 compared to minipig and human S9, increased β-lyase cleavage of 1123-CYS was observed in minipig kidney cytosol as compared to cytosolic fractions of other species. Increased β-lyase activity in minipig cytosol was accompanied by time-dependent formation of monofluoroacetic acid (MFA), a highly toxic compound that interferes with cellular energy production via inhibition of aconitase. Consistent with the significantly lower β-lyase activity in human cytosols, the intensity of the MFA signal in human cytosols was only a fraction of the signal obtained in minipig subcellular fractions. Even though the inconsistencies between GSH and β-lyase-dependent metabolism do not allow to draw a firm conclusion on the overall contribution of the mercapturic acid pathway to HFO-1123 biotransformation and toxicity in vivo, the β-lyase data suggest that humans may be less susceptible to HFO-1123 toxicity compared to minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dekant
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - R Bertermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Serban
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Shinohara
- Chemicals Company, AGC Inc, CSR Office, 1-5-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8405, Japan
| | - Y Morizawa
- Chemicals Company, AGC Inc, CSR Office, 1-5-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8405, Japan
| | - H Okamoto
- Chemicals Company, AGC Inc, CSR Office, 1-5-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8405, Japan
| | - W Brock
- Brook Scientific Consulting LLC, Hilton Head Island, SC, USA
| | - W Dekant
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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Lapenna D. Glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes: From biochemistry to gerontology and successful aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102066. [PMID: 37683986 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The tripeptide glutathione (GSH), namely γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, is an ubiquitous low-molecular weight thiol nucleophile and reductant of utmost importance, representing the central redox agent of most aerobic organisms. GSH has vital functions involving also antioxidant protection, detoxification, redox homeostasis, cell signaling, iron metabolism/homeostasis, DNA synthesis, gene expression, cysteine/protein metabolism, and cell proliferation/differentiation or death including apoptosis and ferroptosis. Various functions of GSH are exerted in concert with GSH-dependent enzymes. Indeed, although GSH has direct scavenging antioxidant effects, its antioxidant function is substantially accomplished by glutathione peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with reductive removal of H2O2, organic peroxides such as lipid hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite; to this antioxidant activity also contribute peroxiredoxins, enzymes further involved in redox signaling and chaperone activity. Moreover, the detoxifying function of GSH is basically exerted in conjunction with glutathione transferases, which have also antioxidant properties. GSH is synthesized in the cytosol by the ATP-dependent enzymes glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), which catalyzes ligation of cysteine and glutamate forming γ-glutamylcysteine (γ-GC), and glutathione synthase, which adds glycine to γ-GC resulting in GSH formation; GCL is rate-limiting for GSH synthesis, as is the precursor amino acid cysteine, which may be supplemented as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a therapeutically available compound. After its cell export, GSH is degraded extracellularly by the membrane-anchored ectoenzyme γ-glutamyl transferase, a process occurring, as GSH synthesis and export, in the γ-glutamyl cycle. GSH degradation occurs also intracellularly by the cytoplasmic enzymatic ChaC family of γ-glutamyl cyclotransferase. Synthesis and degradation of GSH, together with its export, translocation to cell organelles, utilization for multiple essential functions, and regeneration from glutathione disulfide by glutathione reductase, are relevant to GSH homeostasis and metabolism. Notably, GSH levels decline during aging, an alteration generally related to impaired GSH biosynthesis and leading to cell dysfunction. However, there is evidence of enhanced GSH levels in elderly subjects with excellent physical and mental health status, suggesting that heightened GSH may be a marker and even a causative factor of increased healthspan and lifespan. Such aspects, and much more including GSH-boosting substances administrable to humans, are considered in this state-of-the-art review, which deals with GSH and GSH-dependent enzymes from biochemistry to gerontology, focusing attention also on lifespan/healthspan extension and successful aging; the significance of GSH levels in aging is considered also in relation to therapeutic possibilities and supplementation strategies, based on the use of various compounds including NAC-glycine, aimed at increasing GSH and related defenses to improve health status and counteract aging processes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lapenna
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, and Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia dello Stress Ossidativo, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST, former CeSI-MeT, Center of Excellence on Aging), Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti Pescara, U.O.C. Medicina Generale 2, Ospedale Clinicizzato "Santissima Annunziata", Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Tüfekci KK, Tatar M, Terzi F, Bakirhan EG. An investigation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress in obesity exposure in the prenatal period. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 134:102348. [PMID: 37858742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exposure to maternal obesity has been shown to make offspring more prone to cognitive and metabolic disorders later in life. Although the underlying mechanisms are unclear, the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the fetal programming process is remarkable. ER stress can be activated by many chronic diseases, including obesity and diabetes. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the role of ER stress caused by maternal diet-induced obesity in the offspring hippocampus. We also evaluated the protective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against ER stress. METHODS A rat obesity model was created by providing a high-fat (60 % kcal) diet. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was administered at a dosage of 150 mg/kg via the intragastric route. The animals were mated at the age of 12 weeks. The same diet was maintained during pregnancy and lactation. The experiment was terminated on the postnatal 28th day, and the offspring's brain tissues were examined. Immunohistochemical staining for ER stress markers was performed on sections taken from tissues after routine histological procedures. RESULTS The results revealed increased GRP78, PERK, and eIF2α immunoreactivities in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) regions in the obese group offspring, while the expression of those markers in those regions normalized with NAC supplementation (p < 0.01). Statistical analysis of XBP1 immunoreactivity H-scores revealed no difference between the study groups (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION These results suggest that exposure to obesity during the prenatal period may cause increased ER stress in hippocampal neurons, which have an important role in the regulation of learning, memory and behavior, and this may contribute to decreased cognitive performance. On the other hand, NAC stands out as an effective agent that can counteract hippocampal ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıymet Kübra Tüfekci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kastamonu University, Turkiye.
| | - Musa Tatar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, Turkiye
| | - Funda Terzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, Turkiye
| | - Elfide Gizem Bakirhan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Turkiye
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Pertiwi H, Majdeddin M, Degroote J, Zhang H, Michiels J. N-acetyl-L-cysteine improves the performance of chronic cyclic heat-stressed finisher broilers but has no effect on tissue glutathione levels. Br Poult Sci 2023; 64:751-762. [PMID: 37782109 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2264234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
1. It was hypothesised that dietary N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in feed, as a source of cysteine, could improve the performance of heat-stressed finisher broilers by fostering glutathione (GSH) synthesis. GSH is the most abundant intracellular antioxidant for which the sulphur amino acid cysteine is rate limiting for its synthesis.2. In the first experiment, four levels of NAC: 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg were added to a diet with a suboptimal level of sulphur amino acids in the finisher phase. In the second experiment, NAC was compared to other sulphur amino acid sources at equal molar amounts of digestible sulphur amino acids. Birds were allocated to four groups: control, 2000 mg/kg NAC, 1479 mg/kg L-cystine, and 2168 mg/kg Ca-salt of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid. A chronic cyclic heat stress model (temperature was increased to 34°C for 7 h daily) was initiated at 28 d of age.3. In the first experiment, growth performance and feed efficiency in the finisher phase were significantly improved by graded NAC. ADG was 88.9, 92.2, 93.7 and 97.7 g/d, and the feed-to-gain ratio was 2.18, 1.91, 1.85 and 1.81 for the 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg NAC treatments, respectively. However, liver and heart GSH levels were not affected by NAC. On d 29, liver gene transcript of cystathionine-beta-synthase like was reduced by NAC, which suggested reduced trans-sulphuration activity. The second experiment showed that L-cystine and Ca-salt of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid were more effective in improving performance than NAC.4. In conclusion, N-acetyl-L-cysteine improved dose-dependently growth and feed efficiency in heat-stressed finishing broilers. However, this was not associated with changes in tissue GSH levels, but more likely worked by sparing methionine and/or NAC's and cysteine's direct antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pertiwi
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Health Studies, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - M Majdeddin
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Degroote
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - H Zhang
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Michiels
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Milton-Jones H, Soussi S, Davies R, Charbonney E, Charles WN, Cleland H, Dunn K, Gantner D, Giles J, Jeschke M, Lee N, Legrand M, Lloyd J, Martin-Loeches I, Pantet O, Samaan M, Shelley O, Sisson A, Spragg K, Wood F, Yarrow J, Vizcaychipi MP, Williams A, Leon-Villapalos J, Collins D, Jones I, Singh S. An international RAND/UCLA expert panel to determine the optimal diagnosis and management of burn inhalation injury. Crit Care 2023; 27:459. [PMID: 38012797 PMCID: PMC10680253 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn inhalation injury (BII) is a major cause of burn-related mortality and morbidity. Despite published practice guidelines, no consensus exists for the best strategies regarding diagnosis and management of BII. A modified DELPHI study using the RAND/UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Appropriateness Method (RAM) systematically analysed the opinions of an expert panel. Expert opinion was combined with available evidence to determine what constitutes appropriate and inappropriate judgement in the diagnosis and management of BII. METHODS A 15-person multidisciplinary panel comprised anaesthetists, intensivists and plastic surgeons involved in the clinical management of major burn patients adopted a modified Delphi approach using the RAM method. They rated the appropriateness of statements describing diagnostic and management options for BII on a Likert scale. A modified final survey comprising 140 statements was completed, subdivided into history and physical examination (20), investigations (39), airway management (5), systemic toxicity (23), invasive mechanical ventilation (29) and pharmacotherapy (24). Median appropriateness ratings and the disagreement index (DI) were calculated to classify statements as appropriate, uncertain, or inappropriate. RESULTS Of 140 statements, 74 were rated as appropriate, 40 as uncertain and 26 as inappropriate. Initial intubation with ≥ 8.0 mm endotracheal tubes, lung protective ventilatory strategies, initial bronchoscopic lavage, serial bronchoscopic lavage for severe BII, nebulised heparin and salbutamol administration for moderate-severe BII and N-acetylcysteine for moderate BII were rated appropriate. Non-protective ventilatory strategies, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, high-frequency percussive ventilation, prophylactic systemic antibiotics and corticosteroids were rated inappropriate. Experts disagreed (DI ≥ 1) on six statements, classified uncertain: the use of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy to guide fluid requirements (DI = 1.52), intubation with endotracheal tubes of internal diameter < 8.0 mm (DI = 1.19), use of airway pressure release ventilation modality (DI = 1.19) and nebulised 5000IU heparin, N-acetylcysteine and salbutamol for mild BII (DI = 1.52, 1.70, 1.36, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Burns experts mostly agreed on appropriate and inappropriate diagnostic and management criteria of BII as in published guidance. Uncertainty exists as to the optimal diagnosis and management of differing grades of severity of BII. Future research should investigate the accuracy of bronchoscopic grading of BII, the value of bronchial lavage in differing severity groups and the effectiveness of nebulised therapies in different severities of BII.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabri Soussi
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Inserm UMR-S 942, Cardiovascular Markers in Stress Conditions (MASCOT), University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Roger Davies
- Department of Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emmanuel Charbonney
- Department of Médicine, Critical Care Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Walton N Charles
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Heather Cleland
- Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ken Dunn
- University Hospital South Manchester, Wythenshawe, UK
| | - Dashiell Gantner
- Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julian Giles
- Department of Anaesthesia, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, UK
| | - Marc Jeschke
- Ross Tilley Burn Center, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Science Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Lee
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthieu Legrand
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists Network, Nancy, France
| | - Joanne Lloyd
- Department of Anaesthesia and Burns Intensive Care, St Andrew's Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERes, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivier Pantet
- Service of Adult Intensive Care, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark Samaan
- Department of Gastroenterology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Odhran Shelley
- Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alice Sisson
- Department of Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kaisa Spragg
- Burns Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, UK
| | - Fiona Wood
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jeremy Yarrow
- Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - Marcela Paola Vizcaychipi
- Department of Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Médicine, Critical Care Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Department of Médicine, Critical Care Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jorge Leon-Villapalos
- Department of Médicine, Critical Care Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Declan Collins
- Department of Médicine, Critical Care Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Isabel Jones
- Department of Médicine, Critical Care Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Suveer Singh
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Department of Médicine, Critical Care Division, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
- Department of Research and Development, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Academic Department of Anaesthesia, Pain Management and Intensive Care (APMIC), Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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22
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Kshirsagar S, Dandekar A, Srivastava RK, Khan J, Muzaffar S, Athar M, Banga AK. Microneedle-mediated transdermal delivery of N-acetyl cysteine as a potential antidote for lewisite injury. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123547. [PMID: 37884214 PMCID: PMC10872459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Lewisite is a chemical warfare agent intended for use in World War and a potential threat to the civilian population due to presence in stockpiles or accidental exposure. Lewisite-mediated skin injury is characterized by acute erythema, pain, and blister formation. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is an FDA-approved drug for acetaminophen toxicity, identified as a potential antidote against lewisite. In the present study, we have explored the feasibility of rapid NAC delivery through transdermal route for potentially treating chemical warfare toxicity. NAC is a small, hydrophilic molecule with limited passive delivery through the skin. Using skin microporation with dissolving microneedles significantly enhanced the delivery of NAC into and across dermatomed human skin in our studies. Microporation followed by application of solution (poke-and-solution) resulted in the highest in vitro delivery (509.84 ± 155.04 µg/sq·cm) as compared to poke-and-gel approach (474.91 ± 70.09 µg/sq·cm) and drug-loaded microneedles (226.89 ± 33.41 µg/sq·cm). The lag time for NAC delivery through poke-and-solution approach (0.23 ± 0.04 h) was close to gel application (0.25 ± 0.02 h), with the highest for drug-loaded microneedles (1.27 ± 1.16 h). Thus, we successfully demonstrated the feasibility of rapid NAC delivery using various skin microporation approaches for potential treatment against lewisite-mediated skin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvari Kshirsagar
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amruta Dandekar
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ritesh K Srivastava
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jasim Khan
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suhail Muzaffar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- UAB Research Center of Excellence in Arsenicals, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ajay K Banga
- Center for Drug Delivery Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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23
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Feng C, Bai H, Chang X, Wu Z, Dong W, Ma Q, Yang J. Aflatoxin B1-induced early developmental hepatotoxicity in larvae zebrafish. Chemosphere 2023; 340:139940. [PMID: 37634582 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a ubiquitous mycotoxin that causes oxidative damage in various organs. At present, the research studies on AFB1 are primarily focused on its effects on the terrestrial environment and animals. However, its toxicity mechanism in aquatic environments and aquatic animals has not been largely explored. Thus, in this study, zebrafish was used as a model to study the toxicity mechanism of AFB1 on the liver of developing larvae. The results showed that AFB1 exposure inhibited liver development and promoted fat accumulation in the liver. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that AFB1 affected liver redox metabolism and oxidoreductase activity. KEGG analysis showed that AFB1 inhibited the expression of gsto1, gpx4a, mgst3a, and idh1 in the glutathione metabolizing enzyme gene pathway, resulting in hepatic oxidative stress. At the same time, AFB1 also inhibited the expression of acox1, acsl1b, pparα, fabp2, and cpt1 genes in peroxidase and PPAR metabolic pathways, inducing hepatic steatosis and lipid droplet accumulation. Antioxidant N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) preconditioning up-regulated gsto1, gpx4a and idh1 genes, and improved the AFB1-induced lipid droplet accumulation in the liver. In summary, AFB1 induced hepatic oxidative stress and steatosis, resulting in abnormal liver fat metabolism and accumulation of cellular lipid droplets. NAC could be used as a potential preventative drug to improve AFB1-induced fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Feng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongxia Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Minzu Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China
| | - Xu Chang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Minzu Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China
| | - Zhixuan Wu
- Inner Mongolia Minzu Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Minzu Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Inner Mongolia Minzu Univ, Inst Pharmaceut Chem & Pharmacol, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, 028000, China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China; Inner Mongolia Minzu Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Tongliao,Inner Mongolia, 028000, China.
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24
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Wang W, Zeng J, Luo P, Fang J, Pei Q, Yan J, Zhu C, Chen W, Liu Y, Huang Z, Huang Y, Wu C, Pan X. Engineered lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticles as an inhaled nanoplatform for mucus penetration enhancement. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2834-2846. [PMID: 37155080 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarrier-assisted pulmonary drug delivery system has been widely employed for lung local disease treatment due to its enhanced drug lesion accumulation and reduced systematical side effects. However, the mucus barriers covered on the epithelia of trachea and bronchial tree construct a dense barrier for inhaled nanocarrier transport, which compromises the therapeutical effects. In this study, a lipid liquid crystalline nanoparticle NLP@Z with surface zwitterion material hexadecyl betaine (HB) modification and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) encapsulation was presented to exert the combination strategy of mucus-inert surface and mucus degradation. The HB modification endowed NLP@Z mucus-inert surface to inhibit the interaction between NLP@Z and mucins, and the encapsulated NAC could effectively degrade the mucins and further decrease the mucus viscosity. This combination strategy was proved to significantly promote the mucus penetration performance and enhance epithelial cell uptake. In addition, the proposed NLP@Z was equipped with desired nebulization property, which could be served as a potential pulmonary delivery nanoplatform. In summary, the proposed NLP@Z highlights the employment of the combination strategy for mucus penetration enhancement in pulmonary delivery, which may become a versatile platform for lung disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingxuan Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Peili Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jiayi Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Qingao Pei
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jinwu Yan
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chune Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanyun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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25
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Emelogu IK, Tran CN, Greene WR, Novak JD. Successful treatment of distal intestinal obstruction syndrome with N- acetylcysteine and polyethylene glycol via colonoscopy. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:1123-1124. [PMID: 37429745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe a case of a 46-year-old woman with cystic fibrosis who presented with several days of abdominal pain and distension. She was found to have a small bowel obstruction with inspissated stool in the distal ileum on CT imaging. Despite initial management with conservative measures, her symptoms worsened. She was taken for urgent colonoscopy with administration of 4% N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) at the distal ileum with resultant dissolution of the fecalith. Over the following days, her symptoms improved, and she was discharged with outpatient follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna K Emelogu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Postal address: 615 Michael Street, Ste. 201, Atlanta 30322, Georgia.
| | - Cynthia N Tran
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Postal address: 615 Michael Street, Ste. 201, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Wendy R Greene
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua D Novak
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Postal address: 615 Michael Street, Ste. 201, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
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26
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Zhu X, Song Y, Wang X, Zhou Y, Chai Y, Yuan R. Copper nanoclusters electrochemiluminescence with tunable near-infrared emission wavelength for ultrasensitive detection of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 238:115580. [PMID: 37595477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the methionine (Met)/N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) templated copper nanoclusters (Met/NAC-Cu NCs) with tunable near-infrared region (NIR) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission wavelength was firstly synthesized as emitter for the ultrasensitive detection of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Significantly, the NAC played the role of template and reductant of cupric to acquire Cu NCs, and the surface defect regulator Met was used to connect NAC through -S-S- bond, which could heighten the surface defect of Cu NCs to continuously regulate the maximum ECL emission by successively controlling the molar ratio of Met and NAC, leading to the ECL emission wavelength of Cu NCs ranged from 680 nm to 750 nm. In addition, a rapid target triggered catalyst hairpin assembly (CHA) recycling amplification strategy was constructed through orderly and equidistantly arranging hairpin to increase its local concentration, resulting in greatly accelerated signal amplification efficiency and reaction rate. As a proof of concept, based on Met/NAC-Cu NCs as NIR ECL emitter and effective signal amplification tactic, a super-sensitive ECL biosensor was fabricated to detect target MMP-2 with the detection limit (LOD) as low as 1.65 fg/mL and successfully utilized for detecting of MMP-2 that from Hela and MCF-7 cancer cells. This research provided a wonderful avenue for regulating the optical performance of metal nanoclusters-based ECL emitters, and the developed neoteric NIR ECL emitter with the merits of less photochemical damage and deeper tissue penetration exhibited great potential in ultrasensitive biosensing and high-definition ECL imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yuxi Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Yaqin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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27
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Li Y, Bao Y, Li Y, Duan X, Dong S, Lin J, Chang X, Tan Y, Zhang H, Shan H. RSL3 Inhibits Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication by Activating Ferroptosis. Viruses 2023; 15:2080. [PMID: 37896857 PMCID: PMC10612067 DOI: 10.3390/v15102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious coronavirus that induces diarrhea and death in neonatal piglets, resulting in substantial economic losses to the global swine industry. The mechanisms of PEDV infection and the roles of host factors are still under exploration. In this study, we used the ferroptosis pathway downstream target activator (1S,3R)-RSL3 compound as a starting point, combined with the interactions of N-acetylcysteine and deferoxamine, to elucidate the effects of a series of compounds on PEDV proliferation. We also established glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) gene overexpression to further elucidate the relationship between the ferroptosis pathway and PEDV. (1S,3R)-RSL3 inhibited PEDV replication in Vero cells, while N-acetylcysteine and deferoxamine promoted its proliferation. In addition, (1S,3R)-RSL3 mainly affected the replication stage of PEDV. Overexpression of GPX4 promoted PEDV proliferation, indicating that the ferroptosis pathway could influence PEDV replication in Vero cells. This study focused on the mechanism of (1S,3R)-RSL3 inhibition on PEDV, laying the foundation for exploring the pathogenic mechanisms of PEDV and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingguang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.L.); (Y.B.); (S.D.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Yuwei Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.L.); (Y.B.); (S.D.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Yan Li
- Qingdao Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Qingdao 266100, China; (Y.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Duan
- Qingdao Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Qingdao 266100, China; (Y.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Shaoming Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.L.); (Y.B.); (S.D.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Jiaxu Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.L.); (Y.B.); (S.D.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Xiaoyun Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.L.); (Y.B.); (S.D.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Yue Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.L.); (Y.B.); (S.D.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.L.); (Y.B.); (S.D.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.L.); (Y.B.); (S.D.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (Y.T.); (H.S.)
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Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya I, Mitra RK. Solvation Plays a Key Role in Antioxidant-Mediated Attenuation of Elevated Creatinine Level: An In Vitro Spectroscopic Investigation. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8576-8585. [PMID: 37769128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
An elevated level of creatinine (CRN) is a mark of kidney ailment, and prolonged retention of such condition could lead to renal failure, associated with severe ischemia. Antioxidants are clinically known to excrete CRN from the body through urine, thereby reducing its level in blood. The molecular mechanism of such an exclusion process is still illusive. As the excretion channel is urine, solvation of the solute is expected to play a pivotal role. Here, we report a detailed time-domain and frequency-domain terahertz (THz) spectroscopic investigation to understand the solvation of CRN in the presence of two model antioxidants, mostly used to treat elevated CRN level: N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and ascorbic acid (ASC). FTIR spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region and UV absorption spectroscopy measurements coupled with quantum chemical calculations [at the B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) level] reveal that both NAC and ASC form HBonded complexes with CRN and rapidly undergo a barrier-less proton transfer process to form creatinium ions. THz measurements provide explicit evidence of the formation of highly solvated complexes compared with bare CRN, which eventually enables its excretion through urine. These observations could provide a foundation for designing more beneficial drugs to resolve kidney diseases..
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences; Block-JD; Sector-III; Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Indrani Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences; Block-JD; Sector-III; Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Rajib Kumar Mitra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences; Block-JD; Sector-III; Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
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Tomko RL, Wolf BJ, McClure EA, Carpenter MJ, Magruder KM, Squeglia LM, Gray KM. Who responds to a multi-component treatment for cannabis use disorder? Using multivariable and machine learning models to classify treatment responders and non-responders. Addiction 2023; 118:1965-1974. [PMID: 37132085 PMCID: PMC10524796 DOI: 10.1111/add.16226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Treatments for cannabis use disorder (CUD) have limited efficacy and little is known about who responds to existing treatments. Accurately predicting who will respond to treatment can improve clinical decision-making by allowing clinicians to offer the most appropriate level and type of care. This study aimed to determine whether multivariable/machine learning models can be used to classify CUD treatment responders versus non-responders. METHODS This secondary analysis used data from a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network multi-site outpatient clinical trial in the United States. Adults with CUD (n = 302) received 12 weeks of contingency management, brief cessation counseling and were randomized to receive additionally either (1) N-Acetylcysteine or (2) placebo. Multivariable/machine learning models were used to classify treatment responders (i.e. two consecutive negative urine cannabinoid tests or a 50% reduction in days of use) versus non-responders using baseline demographic, medical, psychiatric and substance use information. RESULTS Prediction performance for various machine learning and regression prediction models yielded area under the curves (AUCs) >0.70 for four models (0.72-0.77), with support vector machine models having the highest overall accuracy (73%; 95% CI = 68-78%) and AUC (0.77; 95% CI = 0.72, 0.83). Fourteen variables were retained in at least three of four top models, including demographic (ethnicity, education), medical (diastolic/systolic blood pressure, overall health, neurological diagnosis), psychiatric (depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety disorder, antisocial personality disorder) and substance use (tobacco smoker, baseline cannabinoid level, amphetamine use, age of experimentation with other substances, cannabis withdrawal intensity) characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Multivariable/machine learning models can improve on chance prediction of treatment response to outpatient cannabis use disorder treatment, although further improvements in prediction performance are likely necessary for decisions about clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bethany J. Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Erin A. McClure
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Matthew J. Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Magruder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kevin M. Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Ma R, Sun T, Wang X, Ren K, Min T, Xie X, Wang D, Li K, Zhang Y, Zhu K, Mo C, Dang C, Yang Y, Zhang H. Chronic exposure to low-dose deltamethrin can lead to colon tissue injury through PRDX1 inactivation-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress injury and gut microbial dysbiosis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 264:115475. [PMID: 37714033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date, it is unclear whether deltamethrin (DLM) intake causes damage to colon tissue. Hence, in this study, we aimed to clarify the effect of long-term exposure to low-dose DLM on colon tissues, and its potential mechanisms. METHODS Mice were treated with DLM (0.2 mg/kg/day) or DLM combined with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) (50 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Human colon cancer cells (HCT-116) were treated with DLM (0, 25, 50, or 100 µM), NAC (2 mM), or overexpression plasmids targeting peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) for 48 h. DLM was detected using a DLM rapid detection card. Colon injury was evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. Apoptosis was determined using immunofluorescence staining (IF), western blotting (WB) and flow cytometry (FC) assays. MitoTracker, JC-1, and glutathione (GSH) detection were used to detect mitochondrial oxidative stress. Intestinal flora were identified by 16 S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS DLM accumulation was detected in the colon tissue and faeces of mice following long-term intragastric administration. Interestingly, our results showed that, even at a low dose, long-term intake of DLM resulted in severe weight loss and decreased the disease activity index scores and colon length. The results of IF, WB, and FC showed that DLM induced apoptosis in the colon tissue and cells. MitoTracker, JC-1, and GSH assays showed that DLM increased mitochondrial stress in colonic epithelial cells. Mechanistic studies have shown that increased mitochondrial stress and apoptosis are mediated by PRDX1 inhibition. Further experiments showed that PRDX1 overexpression significantly reduced DLM-induced oxidative stress injury and apoptosis. In addition, we observed that chronic exposure to DLM altered the composition of the intestinal flora in mice, including an increase in Odoribacter and Bacteroides and a decrease in Lactobacillus. The gut microbial richness decreased after DLM exposure in mice. Supplementation with NAC both in vivo and in vitro alleviated DLM-induced oxidative stress injury, colonic epithelial cell apoptosis, and gut microbial dysbiosis. CONCLUSION Chronic exposure to DLM, even at small doses, can cause damage to the colon tissue, which cannot be ignored. The production and use of pesticides such as DLM should be strictly regulated during agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulan Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tuanhe Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xueni Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kaijie Ren
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tianhao Min
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dangdang Wang
- Xi'an Analytical and Monitoring Centre for Agri-food Quality Safety, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Caijing Mo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chengxue Dang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Xi'an Analytical and Monitoring Centre for Agri-food Quality Safety, Xi'an 710077, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Wang X, Chen Z, Cheng D, Cao Y, Xie X, Zhou J, Wu Y, Li X, Yu J, Yang B. Association between urinary metabolites of volatile organic compounds and cardiovascular disease in the general population from NHANES 2011-2018. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 264:115412. [PMID: 37714034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contain hundreds of chemicals and human exposure to VOCs is pervasive. However, most studies have considered only a single chemical or a class of similar chemicals. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association between urinary volatile organic compound metabolites (mVOCs) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population. METHODS The data in this study were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011-2018. Eligible patients were aged ≥20 years for whom complete data for 20 types of urinary mVOCs and CVD outcomes were available. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to elucidate the association between mVOCs and CVD. Generalized additive models were used to examine the nonlinear relationships between mVOCs and CVD. RESULTS 6814 indiviuals were included in the final analysis, of whom 508 had CVD. Higher urinary concentrations of N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine (CEMA) and N-Acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-l-cysteine (CYMA) and a lower urinary concentration of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA) were associated with CVD outcomes after the adjustment for potential confounding factors. A nonlinear relationship and a threshold effect were only observed between N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-l-cysteine (AMCC) and CVD among 20 types of mVOCs. There was a significantly positive correlation between AMCC and CVD when AMCC concentration was >2.32 g/mL. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggested a significant correlation between urinary VOC metabolites and CVD. Urinary mVOCs may indicate hazardous exposure or distinct metabolic traits in patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, TongjiUniversity, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Zijun Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, TongjiUniversity, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Dian Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, TongjiUniversity, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Yue Cao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, TongjiUniversity, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, TongjiUniversity, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Yizhang Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, TongjiUniversity, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, TongjiUniversity, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Jinbo Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, TongjiUniversity, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China.
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, TongjiUniversity, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, PR China.
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Scherer G, Pluym N, Scherer M. Comparison of urinary mercapturic acid excretions in users of various tobacco/nicotine products. Drug Test Anal 2023; 15:1107-1126. [PMID: 36164275 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Urinary mercapturic acids (MAs) are detoxification products for electrophiles occurring in the human body. They are suitable biomarkers of exposure to directly acting electrophilic chemicals or to chemicals which generate the electrophile during its metabolism. We determined the urinary excretion of 19 MAs in habitual users of combustible cigarettes (CCs), electronic cigarettes (ECs), heated tobacco products (HTPs), oral tobacco (OT), and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products, and nonusers (NUs) of any tobacco/nicotine products. The 19 MAs are assumed to be physiologically formed primarily from 15 toxicants with three of them belonging to IARC Group 1 (human carcinogen), seven to Group 2A (probable human carcinogen), four to Group 2B (possible human carcinogen), and one to Group 3 (not classifiable as carcinogen). Smoking (CC) was found to be associated with significantly elevated exposure to ethylene oxide (or ethylene), 1,3-butadiene, benzene, dimethylformamide, acrolein, acrylamide, styrene, propylene oxide, acrylonitrile, crotonaldehyde, and isoprene compared with the other user groups and NU. Users of HTPs revealed slight elevation in the MAs related to acrolein, acrylamide, and crotonaldehyde compared with the other non-CC groups. Vaping (EC) was not found to be associated with any of the MAs studied. In conclusion, the determination of urinary MAs is a useful tool for assessing the exposure to toxicants (mainly potential carcinogens) in users of various tobacco/nicotine products. Our data also give cause to clarify the role of vaping (EC) in urinary excretion of DHPMA (precursor: glycidol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Scherer
- ABF, Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Planegg, Germany
| | - Nikola Pluym
- ABF, Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Planegg, Germany
| | - Max Scherer
- ABF, Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Planegg, Germany
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Doroudian M, Thibault ME, Gailer J. N- Acetylcysteine Displaces Glutathionyl-Moieties from Hg 2+ and MeHg + to Form More Hydrophobic Complexes at Near-Physiological Conditions. Molecules 2023; 28:6762. [PMID: 37836605 PMCID: PMC10574133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The anthropogenic release of Hg is associated with an increased human exposure risk. Since Hg2+ and MeHg+ have a high affinity for thiols, their interaction with L-glutathione (GSH) within mammalian cells is fundamentally involved in their toxicological chemistry and excretion. To gain insight into the interaction of these mercurials with multiple small molecular weight thiols, we have investigated their competitive interactions with GSH and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) at near-physiological conditions, using a liquid chromatographic approach. This approach involved the injection of each mercurial onto a reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC column (37 °C) using a PBS buffer mobile phase containing 5.0 mM GSH to simulate cytosolic conditions with Hg being detected in the column effluent by an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). When the 5.0 mM GSH mobile phase was amended with up to 10 mM NAC, gradually increasing retention times of both mercurials were observed. To explain this behavior, the experiment with 5.0 mM NAC and 5.0 mM GSH was replicated using 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.4), and the Hg-containing fractions were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The results revealed the presence of Hg(GS)(NAC) and Hg(NAC)2 for Hg2+ and MeHg(GS) and MeHg(NAC) for MeHg+, which suggests that the coordination/displacement of GS-moieties from each mercurial by the more hydrophobic NAC can explain their retention behavior. Since the biotransformations of both mercurials were observed at near-physiological conditions, they are of toxicological relevance as they provide a biomolecular explanation for some results that were obtained when animals were administered with each mercurial and NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jürgen Gailer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (M.D.); (M.E.T.)
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Bowman BA, Lewis EV, Goldy DW, Kim JY, Elio DM, Blount BC, Bhandari D. Assessment of urinary 6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadienyl mercapturic acid as a novel biomarker of benzene exposure. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 47:597-605. [PMID: 37632692 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing benzene exposure is a public health priority due to its deleterious health effects and ubiquitous industrial and environmental sources of exposure. Phenyl mercapturic acid (PhMA) is a commonly used urinary biomarker to assess benzene exposure. However, recent work has identified significant interlaboratory variation in urinary PhMA concentrations related to methodological differences. In this study, we present urinary 6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadienyl mercapturic acid (pre-PhMA), a metabolite that undergoes acid-catalyzed dehydration to form PhMA, as a novel and specific urinary biomarker for assessing benzene exposure. We developed and validated the first quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for measuring urinary concentrations of pre-PhMA. The pH effect on the method of ruggedness testing determined that pre-PhMA is stable across the normal human urine pH range and that neutral conditions must be maintained throughout quantification for robust and accurate measurement of urinary pre-PhMA concentrations. The method exhibited below 2 ng/mL sensitivity for pre-PhMA, linearity over three orders of magnitude, and precision and accuracy within 10%. Urinary pre-PhMA concentrations were assessed in 369 human urine samples. Smoking individuals exhibited elevated levels of pre-PhMA compared to non-smoking individuals. Furthermore, the relationship between benzene exposure and urinary pre-PhMA levels was explored by examining the correlation of pre-PhMA with 2-cyanoethyl mercapturic acid, a smoke exposure biomarker. The urinary biomarkers exhibited a positive correlation (r = 0.720), indicating that pre-PhMA levels increased with benzene exposure. The results of this study demonstrate that urinary pre-PhMA is a rugged and effective novel biomarker of benzene exposure that can be widely implemented for future biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Bowman
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Erica V Lewis
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Devon W Goldy
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Jenny Y Kim
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Deanna M Elio
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Deepak Bhandari
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
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Liu S, Guan Y, Weng Y, Liao B, Tong L, Hao Z, Chen J, Shi J, Cheng T. Genome-wide identification of the NAC gene family and its functional analysis in Liriodendron. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:415. [PMID: 37684590 PMCID: PMC10486064 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
As one of the largest plant specific transcription factor families, NAC family members play an important role in plant growth, development and stress resistance. To investigate the function of NAC transcription factors during abiotic stress, as well as during somatic embryogenesis, we identified and characterized the NAC gene family in Liriodendron chinense. We found that most LcNAC members contain more than three exons, with a relatively conserved gene and motif structure, especially at the N-terminus. Interspecies collinearity analysis revealed a closer relationship between the L. chinense NACs and the P. trichocarpa NACs. We analyzed the expression of LcNAC in different tissues and under three abiotic stresses. We found that 12 genes were highly expressed during the ES3 and ES4 stages of somatic embryos, suggesting that they are involved in the development of somatic embryos. 6 LcNAC genes are highly expressed in flower organs. The expression pattern analysis of LcNACs based on transcriptome data and RT-qPCR obtained from L. chinense leaves indicated differential expression responses to drought, cold, and heat stress. Genes in the NAM subfamily expressed differently during abiotic stress, and LcNAC6/18/41/65 might be the key genes in response to abiotic stress. LcNAC6/18/41/65 were cloned and transiently transformed into Liriodendron protoplasts, where LcNAC18/65 was localized in cytoplasm and nucleus, and LcNAC6/41 was localized only in nucleus. Overall, our findings suggest a role of the NAC gene family during environmental stresses in L. chinense. This research provides a basis for further study of NAC genes in Liriodendron chinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yuanlin Guan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yuhao Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Bojun Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Lu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Tielong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing, 210037, China.
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Kovács E, Maimeri N, Orlando F, Morselli F, Pallanch O, Fedrizzi M, Gál J, Székely A. Factors improving mortality in critically ill patients with liver failure - A systematic review. Physiol Int 2023; 110:211-226. [PMID: 37639341 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2023.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute and chronic hepatic failure can lead to increased mortality in critically ill and perioperative patients. Understanding the pathophysiological principles of these conditions in critically ill patients is of great importance to reduce mortality. The aim of our systematic literature review was to identify all randomized controlled trials on any intervention that had a statistically significant documented reduction in mortality in patients with hepatic failure. Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases for pertinent studies on January 1st 2021. The following studies were included: randomized controlled trials; studies investigating adult critically ill or perioperative patient populations with any form of hepatic failure; mortality as primary or secondary outcome; and statistically significant differences in mortality between the examined groups. Results We finally found nine trials in our systematic review on the effect of antibiotic administration and infectious diseases among patients with cirrhosis (three studies); immune modulation after liver transplantation (one study); administration of colloids in cirrhotic patients (one study); the effect of high-volume plasma exchange in acute liver failure (one study); administration of N-acetylcysteine in acute liver failure (one study); and treatment with terlipressin (two studies). Conclusion In the present review we found only nine randomized studies with a documented survival benefit in patients with liver failure. Strategies that most improved mortality were associated with the outcome of sepsis and renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Kovács
- 1Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1428, Hungary
| | - Nicolò Maimeri
- 2Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Orlando
- 2Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Morselli
- 2Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavia Pallanch
- 2Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Fedrizzi
- 2Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - János Gál
- 1Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1428, Hungary
| | - Andrea Székely
- 1Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1428, Hungary
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Takeda H, Murakami S, Liu Z, Sawa T, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Sato H, Akaike T, Sekine H, Motohashi H. Sulfur metabolic response in macrophage limits excessive inflammatory response by creating a negative feedback loop. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102834. [PMID: 37536084 PMCID: PMC10412850 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive inflammatory response of macrophages plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. The dynamic metabolic alterations in macrophages, including amino acid metabolism, are known to orchestrate their inflammatory phenotype. To explore a new metabolic pathway that regulates the inflammatory response, we examined metabolome changes in mouse peritoneal macrophages (PMs) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and found a coordinated increase of cysteine and its related metabolites, suggesting an enhanced demand for cysteine during the inflammatory response. Because Slc7a11, which encodes a cystine transporter xCT, was remarkably upregulated upon the pro-inflammatory challenge and found to serve as a major channel of cysteine supply, we examined the inflammatory behavior of Slc7a11 knockout PMs (xCT-KO PMs) to clarify an impact of the increased cysteine demand on inflammation. The xCT-KO PMs exhibited a prolonged upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes, which was recapitulated by cystine depletion in the culture media of wild-type PMs, suggesting that cysteine facilitates the resolution of inflammation. Detailed analysis of the sulfur metabolome revealed that supersulfides, such as cysteine persulfide, were increased in PMs in response to LPS, which was abolished in xCT-KO PMs. Supplementation of N-acetylcysteine tetrasulfide (NAC-S2), a supersulfide donor, attenuated the pro-inflammatory gene expression in xCT-KO PMs. Thus, activated macrophages increase cystine uptake via xCT and produce supersulfides, creating a negative feedback loop to limit excessive inflammation. Our study highlights the finely tuned regulation of macrophage inflammatory response by sulfur metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Takeda
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shohei Murakami
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Zun Liu
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjou, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyo Sato
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8518, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sekine
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Wang H, Wan Y, Liu Q, Xie X, Zhu K, Jiang Q, Feng Y, Xiao P, Xiang Z, Zhang Q, Fan Y, Wu X, Zhu Y, Song R. Association between urinary 2-hydroxyethyl mercapturic acid and dyslexia among school-aged children. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:101091-101098. [PMID: 37646928 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene oxide is commonly used in industrial synthesis and medical disinfection. It is a known human carcinogen and has neurotoxicity. However, the association between ethylene oxide exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between urinary concentrations of 2-hydroxyethyl mercapturic acid (HEMA; metabolite of ethylene oxide) and dyslexia among school-aged children. A total of 355 dyslexic children and 390 controls from three cities in China were enrolled in this case-control study from November 2017 to December 2020. Urinary HEMA was detected in 100% of the urine samples, suggesting widespread exposure to ethylene oxide in the children. Notably, the children with dyslexia had higher concentrations of urinary HEMA compared to the controls (geometric mean: 2.92 vs. 2.47 ng/mL) (P = 0.004). In the multivariable-adjusted model, urinary concentrations of HEMA were significantly associated with dyslexia risk. The individuals within the highest HEMA concentration demonstrated a 1.97-fold increased odds of dyslexia compared to those within the lowest quartile (95% confidence interval: 1.20-3.23). Thus, these findings suggested the possible link between HEMA levels and the risk of dyslexia. Further studies are warranted to validate this finding and illustrate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxue Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, 430024, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyan Xie
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Kaiheng Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Pei Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yixi Fan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xvfang Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Yang L, Mei G, Yang Y, Cui J, Peng S, Peng Z, Cheng Y. Hexachlorocyclohexane impairs human sperm motility by affecting lysine glutarylation and mitochondrial functions. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113991. [PMID: 37595880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Decreased sperm motility is a leading cause of male infertility and persistent organic pollutants are known to contribute significantly to the development of this disease. The effects of organochlorine pesticides such as hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) on human sperm function and their mechanisms of action have received much attention, but are still not fully understood. Herein, we discovered that HCH has a concentration- and time-dependent inhibitory effect on human sperm motility in vitro. Moreover, HCH could reduce the levels of lysine glutarylation (Kglu) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in sperm. Meanwhile, HCH could increase reactive oxygen species and thereby lead to mitochondrial depolarization and the down-regulation of adenosine triphosphate levels. In particular, we observed that sodium glutarate (Na-glu), the precursor of glutaryl-CoA, could alleviate the inhibitory effect of HCH on sperm Kglu levels, whereas the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) had no effect. Intriguingly, both Na-glu and NAC were able to partially inhibit the HCH-induced increase in sperm ROS levels and impaired sperm motility. In conclusion, we propose that HCH inhibits sperm Kglu, leading to the disruption of mitochondrial energy metabolism, which in turn adversely affects sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Applied Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Guangquan Mei
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents, Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun, China; Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Applied Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Yebin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Jiajun Cui
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Shenglin Peng
- Yichun People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, Yichun, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- Yichun People's Hospital, Jiangxi Province, Yichun, China
| | - Yimin Cheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents, Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun, China; Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun, China.
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40
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Iqbal P, Karki P, Abdelmottaleb W, Al-Khazraji Y, Mirza Fawad A, Madani K, Ahmed F, Nawaz S, Jamshaid MB, Fernando QM. Asymptomatic COVID-19 presenting with features of mixed pattern acute liver injury in a young healthy female, a case report. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1481-1484. [PMID: 37349241 PMCID: PMC10239287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 associated severe acute liver injury in a young healthy patient has not been reported much in the literature. And currently, there are no standard management guidelines. We want to report a case of acute liver injury of mixed pattern in a young healthy female with asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. She presented with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and yellowish discoloration of her skin. Further laboratory investigations revealed mixed pattern liver injury with highly raised liver enzymes. She was managed with N-acetyl cysteine protocol and monitoring of her liver enzymes. Other causes of acute liver injury were ruled out. She remained stable during her hospital stay and follow up. Our aim is to highlight the significance of acute liver injury in COVID 19 patients that may lead to fatal outcomes if not managed and monitored accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phool Iqbal
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College/Metropolitan Hospital Center, United States.
| | - Prava Karki
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College/Metropolitan Hospital Center, United States.
| | - Wael Abdelmottaleb
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College/Metropolitan Hospital Center, United States.
| | - Yamama Al-Khazraji
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College/Metropolitan Hospital Center, United States.
| | - Ahmed Mirza Fawad
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College/Metropolitan Hospital Center, United States.
| | - Kulsum Madani
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College/Metropolitan Hospital Center, United States.
| | - Farhan Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College/Metropolitan Hospital Center, United States.
| | - Shoaib Nawaz
- Department of Anesthesia, New York Medical College/Metropolitan Hospital Center, United States.
| | | | - Quesada Mata Fernando
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College/Metropolitan Hospital Center, United States.
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41
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He D, Qian L, Chen X, He B, Li J. Durable cellulose paper by grafting thiol groups and controlling silver deposition for ultrahigh electromagnetic interference shielding. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125972. [PMID: 37499713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding paper with durability and high effectiveness is of significant importance to long-term service for preventing EMI pollution. Herein, we report a practical method for preparing cellulose paper/Ag composite with outstanding durable and ultrahigh EMI shielding performance by electroless silver plating. The silver deposition process, the surface morphology, the silver content and conductivity of the composite can be controlled by varying the amount of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) grafted onto the cellulose fibers and ammonia amount for silver-ammonia complex formation. Moreover, the grafted NAC with thiol groups on cellulose can enhance the adhesion between silver and cellulose paper, meanwhile, NAC as the reducing agent can result in a more complete flower-shaped silver structure and reducing the reflection of electromagnetic waves in silver layer. The composite exhibited excellent conductivity, EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) up to 106 dB and outstanding durability. After 10,000 bending times and 60 abrasion cycles respectively, the electrical resistance of the composite only increased from 0.030 Ω/sq. to 0.041 Ω/sq. and 0.050 Ω/sq., and the EMI SE decreased to 102 dB and 105 dB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoduo He
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liying Qian
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xingyu Chen
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Beihai He
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junrong Li
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Song W, Bian L, Xiong M, Duan Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li B, Dai Y, Lu J, Li M, Liu Z, Liu S, Zhang L, Yao H, Shao R, Li G, Li L. Association of genetic polymorphisms with mercapturic acids in the urine of young healthy subjects before and after exposure to outdoor air pollution. Int J Environ Health Res 2023; 33:936-948. [PMID: 35469493 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2066068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to identify the relationship between variations in metabolic genes and human urinary changes in mercapturic acids (MAs), including CEMA, HMPMA, SPMA, HPMA and HEMA, before and after air pollution exposure. Genotype detection for 47 relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) collected by literature research was performed. Five MAs expression levels in the urinary samples of 50 young healthy individuals with short-term exposure to clean, polluted and purified air at five time points were detected by targeted online solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS), followed with associations of SNPs with MAs changes. Difference in MAs between polluted and clean/purified air was significantly associated with 21 SNPs mapped into 9 genes. Five SNPs in GSTP1 showed the most prominent association with the changes in SPMA expression, indicating that those SNPs in GSTP1 and SPMA might serve as biomarkers for susceptibility and the prognosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingjie Bian
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengran Xiong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Duan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Dai
- Department of Bioinformatics Analysis & Technical Support, Shanghai Lu Ming Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Department of Bioinformatics Analysis & Technical Support, Shanghai Lu Ming Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shigang Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Hongjuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Rongguang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Guangxi Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China
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Le-Vinh B, Steinbring C, Nguyen Le NM, Matuszczak B, Bernkop-Schnürch A. S-Protected Thiolated Chitosan versus Thiolated Chitosan as Cell Adhesive Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:40304-40316. [PMID: 37594415 PMCID: PMC10472333 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan (Ch) and different Ch derivatives have been applied in tissue engineering (TE) because of their biocompatibility, favored mechanical properties, and cost-effectiveness. Most of them, however, lack cell adhesive properties that are crucial for TE. In this study, we aimed to design an S-protected thiolated Ch derivative exhibiting high cell adhesive properties serving as a scaffold for TE. 3-((2-Acetamido-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)dithio) propanoic acid was covalently attached to Ch via a carbodiimide-mediated reaction. Low-, medium-, and high-modified Chs (Ch-SS-1, Ch-SS-2, and Ch-SS-3) with 54, 107 and 140 μmol of ligand per gram of polymer, respectively, were tested. In parallel, three thiolated Chs, namely Ch-SH-1, Ch-SH-2, and Ch-SH-3, were prepared by conjugating N-acetyl cysteine to Ch at the same degree of modification to compare the effectiveness of disulfide versus thiol modification on cell adhesion. Ch-SS-1 showed better cell adhesion capability than Ch-SS-2 and Ch-SS-3. This can be explained by the more lipophilic surfaces of Ch-SS as a higher modification was made. Although Ch-SH-1, Ch-SH-2, and Ch-SH-3 were shown to be good substrates for cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation, Ch-SS polymers were superior to Ch-SH polymers in the formation of 3D cell cultures. Cryogels structured by Ch-SS-1 (SSg) resulted in homogeneous scaffolds with tunable pore size and mechanical properties by changing the mass ratio between Ch-SS-1 and heparin used as a cross-linker. SSg scaffolds possessing interconnected microporous structures showed good cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Therefore, Ch-SS can be used to construct tunable cryogel scaffolds that are suitable for 3D cell culture and TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Le-Vinh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, 700000 Ho Chi Minh
City, Vietnam
| | - Christian Steinbring
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nguyet-Minh Nguyen Le
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department
of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, 700000 Ho Chi Minh
City, Vietnam
| | - Barbara Matuszczak
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Chen WY, Fu YP, Tu H, Zhong W, Zhou L. The association between exposure to volatile organic compounds and serum lipids in the US adult population. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:129. [PMID: 37568143 PMCID: PMC10422774 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Epidemiological evidence on the relationship between exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), both single and mixed, and serum lipid levels is limited, and their relationship remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the associations of exposure to VOCs with serum lipid levels in the US adult population. METHODS AND RESULTS The study examined the association of 16 VOC levels (2-methylhippuric acid, 3- and 4-methylhippuric acid, N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-L-cysteine, 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid, N-acetyl-S-(benzyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine. N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine, mandelic acid, N-acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-butenyl)-L-cysteine, phenylglyoxylic acid and N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl-1-methyl)-L-cysteine) with total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2015, and a total of 1410 adults were enrolled. The association was evaluated by Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), multiple linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. In BKMR analysis, exposure to VOCs is positively correlated with levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C. However, statistical significance was observed only for the impact on TG. Our linear regression analysis and WQS regression generally support the BKMR results. Several VOCs were positively associated with serum lipid profiles (e.g., the ln-transformed level of mandelic acid (MA) displayed an increase in estimated changes of 7.01 (95% CIs: 2.78, 11.24) mg/dL for TC level), even after the effective number of tests for multiple testing (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to VOCs was associated with serum lipids, and more studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Chen
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 China
| | - Yan-Peng Fu
- Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1 Minde Road, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Tu
- Nusring Department, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 China
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Engeli EJE, Russo AG, Ponticorvo S, Zoelch N, Hock A, Hulka LM, Kirschner M, Preller KH, Seifritz E, Quednow BB, Esposito F, Herdener M. Accumbal-thalamic connectivity and associated glutamate alterations in human cocaine craving: A state-dependent rs-fMRI and 1H-MRS study. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 39:103490. [PMID: 37639901 PMCID: PMC10474092 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Craving is a core symptom of cocaine use disorder and a major factor for relapse risk. To date, there is no pharmacological therapy to treat this disease or at least to alleviate cocaine craving as a core symptom. In animal models, impaired prefrontal-striatal signalling leading to altered glutamate release in the nucleus accumbens appear to be the prerequisite for cocaine-seeking. Thus, those network and metabolic changes may constitute the underlying mechanisms for cocaine craving and provide a potential treatment target. In humans, there is recent evidence for corresponding glutamatergic alterations in the nucleus accumbens, however, the underlying network disturbances that lead to this glutamate imbalance remain unknown. In this state-dependent randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, cross-over multimodal study, resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in combination with small-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (voxel size: 9.4 × 18.8 × 8.4 mm3) was applied to assess network-level and associated neurometabolic changes during a non-craving and a craving state, induced by a custom-made cocaine-cue film, in 18 individuals with cocaine use disorder and 23 healthy individuals. Additionally, we assessed the potential impact of a short-term challenge of N-acetylcysteine, known to normalize disturbed glutamate homeostasis and to thereby reduce cocaine-seeking in animal models of addiction, compared to a placebo. We found increased functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the cue-induced craving state. However, those changes were not linked to alterations in accumbal glutamate levels. Whereas we additionally found increased functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and a midline part of the thalamus during the cue-induced craving state. Furthermore, obsessive thinking about cocaine and the actual intensity of cocaine use were predictive of cue-induced functional connectivity changes between the nucleus accumbens and the thalamus. Finally, the increase in accumbal-thalamic connectivity was also coupled with craving-related glutamate rise in the nucleus accumbens. Yet, N-acetylcysteine had no impact on craving-related changes in functional connectivity. Together, these results suggest that connectivity changes within the fronto-accumbal-thalamic loop, in conjunction with impaired glutamatergic transmission, underlie cocaine craving and related clinical symptoms, pinpointing the thalamus as a crucial hub for cocaine craving in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etna J E Engeli
- Centre for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea G Russo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Ponticorvo
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, United States
| | - Niklaus Zoelch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hock
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lea M Hulka
- Centre for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kirschner
- Transdiagnostic and Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin H Preller
- Pharmaco-Neuroimaging and Cognitive-Emotional Processing, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Centre Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Neuroscience Centre Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Esposito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marcus Herdener
- Centre for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Dart RC, Mullins ME, Matoushek T, Ruha AM, Burns MM, Simone K, Beuhler MC, Heard KJ, Mazer-Amirshahi M, Stork CM, Varney SM, Funk AR, Cantrell LF, Cole JB, Banner W, Stolbach AI, Hendrickson RG, Lucyk SN, Sivilotti MLA, Su MK, Nelson LS, Rumack BH. Management of Acetaminophen Poisoning in the US and Canada: A Consensus Statement. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2327739. [PMID: 37552484 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.27739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The US and Canada currently have no formal published nationwide guidelines for specialists in poison information or emergency departments for the management of acetaminophen poisoning, resulting in significant variability in management. Objective To develop consensus guidelines for the management of acetaminophen poisoning in the US and Canada. Evidence Review Four clinical toxicology societies (America's Poison Centers, American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, American College of Medical Toxicology, and Canadian Association of Poison Control Centers) selected participants (n = 21). Led by a nonvoting chairperson using a modified Delphi method, the panel created a decision framework and determined the appropriate clinical management of a patient with acetaminophen poisoning. Unique to this effort was the collection of guidelines from most poison centers in addition to systematic collection and review of the medical literature. Comments from review by external organizations were incorporated before the guideline was finalized. The project began in March 2021 and ended in March 2023. Findings The search retrieved 84 guidelines and 278 publications. The panel developed guidelines for emergency department management of single or repeated ingestion of acetaminophen. In addition, the panel addressed extended-release formulation, high-risk ingestion, coingestion of anticholinergics or opioids, age younger than 6 years, pregnancy, weight greater than 100 kg, and intravenous acetaminophen use. Differences from current US practice include defining acute ingestion as an ingestion presentation from 4 to 24 hours after overdose was initiated. A revised form of the Rumack-Matthew nomogram was developed. The term massive ingestion was replaced with the term high-risk ingestion and denoted by a specific nomogram line. Other recommendations include specific criteria for emergency department triage, laboratory evaluation and monitoring parameters, defining the role of gastrointestinal decontamination, detailed management of acetylcysteine treatment, associated adverse effects, and stopping criteria for acetylcysteine treatment, as well as criteria for consultation with a clinical toxicologist. Finally, specific treatment considerations, including acetylcysteine dosing, fomepizole administration, and considerations for extracorporeal elimination and transplant evaluation, were addressed. Conclusions and Relevance This qualitative study provides a consensus statement on consistent evidence-based recommendations for medical, pharmacy, and nursing education and practice to optimize care of patients with acetaminophen poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Dart
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver
| | - Michael E Mullins
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Anne-Michelle Ruha
- Banner University Medical Center Phoenix, Phoenix Children's Hospital, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix
| | - Michele M Burns
- Massachusetts/Rhode Island Poison Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen Simone
- Northern New England Poison Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael C Beuhler
- Northern Carolina Poison Control, Atrium Health, Charlotte
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kennon J Heard
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver
| | - Maryann Mazer-Amirshahi
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, National Capital Poison Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Christine M Stork
- Upstate New York Poison Center, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse
| | - Shawn M Varney
- South Texas Poison Center, University of Texas Health, San Antonio
| | | | - Lee F Cantrell
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco School of Pharmacy, San Francisco
- California Poison Control System, San Diego Division, University of California San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, San Diego
| | - Jon B Cole
- Minnesota Poison Control System, Hennepin Healthcare, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis
| | | | | | | | - Scott N Lucyk
- Poison and Drug Information Service, University of Calgary Department of Emergency Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Mark K Su
- New York City Poison Control Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Lewis S Nelson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark
| | - Barry H Rumack
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
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47
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Zhao FF, Wang XL, Lei YT, Li HQ, Li ZM, Hao XX, Ma WW, Wu YH, Wang SY. A systematic review: on the mercaptoacid metabolites of acrylamide, N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:88350-88365. [PMID: 37458885 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide is widely found in a variety of fried foods and cigarettes and is not only neurotoxic and carcinogenic, but also has many potential toxic effects. The current assessment of acrylamide intake through dietary questionnaires is confounded by a variety of factors, which poses limitations to safety assessment. In this review, we focus on the levels of AAMA, the urinary metabolite of acrylamide in humans, and its association with other diseases, and discuss the current research gaps in AAMA and the future needs. We reviewed a total of 25 studies from eight countries. In the general population, urinary AAMA levels were higher in smokers than in non-smokers, and higher in children than in adults; the highest levels of AAMA were found in the population from Spain, compared with the general population from other countries. In addition, AAMA is associated with several diseases, especially cardiovascular system diseases. Therefore, AAMA, as a biomarker of internal human exposure, can reflect acrylamide intake in the short term, which is of great significance for tracing acrylamide-containing foods and setting the allowable intake of acrylamide in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Zhao
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ting Lei
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Qiu Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Hao
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Ma
- Harbin Railway Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hui Wu
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.
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Haroon S, Yoon H, Seiler C, Osei-Frimpong B, He J, Nair RM, Mathew ND, Burg L, Kose M, Venkata CRM, Anderson VE, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Falk MJ. N- acetylcysteine and cysteamine bitartrate prevent azide-induced neuromuscular decompensation by restoring glutathione balance in two novel surf1-/- zebrafish deletion models of Leigh syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1988-2004. [PMID: 36795052 PMCID: PMC10244219 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
SURF1 deficiency (OMIM # 220110) causes Leigh syndrome (LS, OMIM # 256000), a mitochondrial disorder typified by stress-induced metabolic strokes, neurodevelopmental regression and progressive multisystem dysfunction. Here, we describe two novel surf1-/- zebrafish knockout models generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. While gross larval morphology, fertility, and survival into adulthood appeared unaffected, surf1-/- mutants manifested adult-onset ocular anomalies and decreased swimming activity, as well as classical biochemical hallmarks of human SURF1 disease, including reduced complex IV expression and enzymatic activity and increased tissue lactate. surf1-/- larvae also demonstrated oxidative stress and stressor hypersensitivity to the complex IV inhibitor, azide, which exacerbated their complex IV deficiency, reduced supercomplex formation, and induced acute neurodegeneration typical of LS including brain death, impaired neuromuscular responses, reduced swimming activity, and absent heartrate. Remarkably, prophylactic treatment of surf1-/- larvae with either cysteamine bitartrate or N-acetylcysteine, but not other antioxidants, significantly improved animal resiliency to stressor-induced brain death, swimming and neuromuscular dysfunction, and loss of heartbeat. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated cysteamine bitartrate pretreatment did not improve complex IV deficiency, ATP deficiency, or increased tissue lactate but did reduce oxidative stress and restore glutathione balance in surf1-/- animals. Overall, two novel surf1-/- zebrafish models recapitulate the gross neurodegenerative and biochemical hallmarks of LS, including azide stressor hypersensitivity that was associated with glutathione deficiency and ameliorated by cysteamine bitartrate or N-acetylcysteine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraiya Haroon
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heeyong Yoon
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christoph Seiler
- Zebrafish Core, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bruce Osei-Frimpong
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jie He
- Scheie Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rohini M Nair
- Scheie Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neal D Mathew
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leonard Burg
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melis Kose
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chavali R M Venkata
- Scheie Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vernon E Anderson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marni J Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Stepan M, Fojtík P, Psar R, Hanousek M, Sabol M, Zapletalova J, Falt P. Administration of maximum dose of mucolytic solution before upper endoscopy - a double-blind, randomized trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:635-640. [PMID: 37115977 PMCID: PMC10144268 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to demonstrate that an administration of mucolytic solution with a maximum dose of simethicone and n -acetylcysteine before upper endoscopy improves mucosal visibility compared to a group without administration of mucolytic solution or water. METHODS This study was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized into four groups, with the administration of 100 ml of water + 600 mg n -acetylcysteine + 400 mg simethicone, 100 ml of water + 400 mg n -acetylcysteine + 20 mg simethicone, 100 ml of water, and without any water or mucolytic solution. During the examination, a total of 10 images were taken in the defined areas. The overall visibility score was given by the sum of the 0-5 scores of the five areas and was assessed by the endoscopist performing the procedure and the blinded endoscopists using static images. RESULTS A total of 129 patients were randomized. The group of patients did not differ in age, sex distribution, and indications significantly. The overall visibility score as assessed by the endoscopist performing the procedure was significantly higher in the group with the maximum dose of mucolytic solution compared to the group without solution or water (18.9 ± 2.9 vs. 16.6 ± 3.3, P = 0.023). This difference was not evident by the blinded evaluation of static photographs. CONCLUSION Administration of mucolytic solution with a maximum dose of n -acetylcysteine and simethicone before upper endoscopy improved mucosal visibility in the upper gastrointestinal tract compared with the group without any preparation while evaluated by performing endoscopist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stepan
- Digestive Diseases Center, Vítkovice Hospital
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava
- Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc
| | - Petr Fojtík
- Digestive Diseases Center, Vítkovice Hospital
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava
| | - Robert Psar
- Department of Radiology, Vítkovice Hospital, Ostrava
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital Olomouc
| | | | - Marek Sabol
- Digestive Diseases Center, Vítkovice Hospital
| | | | - Premysl Falt
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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50
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Chiew AL, Isbister GK, Stathakis P, Isoardi KZ, Page C, Ress K, Chan BS, Buckley NA. Acetaminophen Metabolites on Presentation Following an Acute Acetaminophen Overdose (ATOM-7). Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 113:1304-1314. [PMID: 36919638 PMCID: PMC10952325 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is commonly taken in overdose and can cause acute liver injury via the toxic metabolite NAPQI formed by cytochrome (CYP) P450 pathway. We aimed to evaluate the concentrations of APAP metabolites on presentation following an acute APAP poisoning and whether these predicted the subsequent onset of hepatotoxicity (peak alanine aminotransferase > 1,000 U/L). The Australian Toxicology Monitoring (ATOM) study is a prospective observational study, recruiting via two poison information centers and four toxicology units. Patients following an acute APAP ingestion presenting < 24 hours post-ingestion were recruited. Initial samples were analyzed for APAP metabolites, those measured were the nontoxic glucuronide (APAP-Glu) and sulfate (APAP-Sul) conjugates and NAPQI (toxic metabolite) conjugates APAP-cysteine (APAP-Cys) and APAP-mercapturate (APAP-Mer). The primary outcome was hepatotoxicity. In this study, 200 patients were included, with a median ingested dose of 20 g, 191 received acetylcysteine at median time of 5.8 hours post-ingestion. Twenty-six patients developed hepatotoxicity, one had hepatotoxicity on arrival (excluded from analysis). Those who developed hepatotoxicity had significantly higher total CYP metabolite concentrations: (36.8 μmol/L interquartile range (IQR): 27.8-51.7 vs. 10.8 μmol/L IQR: 6.9-19.5) and these were a greater proportion of total metabolites (5.4%, IQR: 3.8-7.7) vs. 1.7%, IQR: 1.3-2.6, P < 0.001)]. Furthermore, those who developed hepatotoxicity had lower APAP-Sul concentrations (49.1 μmol/L, IQR: 24.7-72.2 vs. 78.7 μmol/L, IQR: 53.6-116.4) and lower percentage of APAP-Sul (6.3%, IQR: 4.6-10.9 vs. 13.1%, IQR, 9.1-20.8, P < 0.001)]. This study found that those who developed hepatotoxicity had higher APAP metabolites derived from CYP pathway and lower sulfation metabolite on presentation. APAP metabolites may be utilized in the future to identify patients who could benefit from increased acetylcysteine or newer adjunct or research therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L. Chiew
- Department of Clinical ToxicologyPrince of Wales HospitalRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineThe University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- New South Wales Poisons Information CentreSydney Children's HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Geoffrey K. Isbister
- New South Wales Poisons Information CentreSydney Children's HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Calvary Mater Newcastle and School of Medical PracticeUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Paul Stathakis
- NSW Health PathologyPrince of Wales HospitalRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Katherine Z. Isoardi
- Clinical Toxicology UnitPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Queensland Poisons Information CentreQueensland Children's HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Colin Page
- Clinical Toxicology UnitPrincess Alexandra HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Queensland Poisons Information CentreQueensland Children's HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kirsty Ress
- NSW Health PathologyPrince of Wales HospitalRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Betty S.H. Chan
- Department of Clinical ToxicologyPrince of Wales HospitalRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- Faculty of MedicineThe University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- New South Wales Poisons Information CentreSydney Children's HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nicholas A. Buckley
- New South Wales Poisons Information CentreSydney Children's HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Biomedical Informatics and Digital HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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