1
|
Parasher K, Sharma C, Sharma S, Shrishti EY, Mukherjee P. Cryopreservation and assessment of genetic fidelity Acorus calamus Linn., an endangered medicinal plant. Cryo Letters 2024; 45:122-133. [PMID: 38557991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acorus calamus Linn. is a medicinally valuable monocot plant belonging to the family Acoraceae. Over-exploitation and unscientific approach towards harvesting to fulfill an ever-increasing demand have placed it in the endangered list of species. OBJECTIVE To develop vitrification-based cryopreservation protocols for A. calamus shoot tips, using conventional vitrification and V cryo-plate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Shoot tips (2 mm in size) were cryopreserved with the above techniques by optimizing various parameters such as preculture duration, sucrose concentration in the preculture medium, and PVS2 dehydration time. Regenerated plantlets obtained post-cryopreservation were evaluated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to test their genetic fidelity. RESULTS The highest regrowth of 88.3% after PVS2 exposure of 60 min was achieved with V cryo-plate as compared to 75% after 90 min of PVS2 exposure using conventional vitrification. After cryopreservation, shoot tips developed into complete plantlets in 28 days on regrowth medium (0.5 mg/L BAP, 0.3 mg/L GA3, and 0.3 mg/L ascorbic acid). RAPD analysis revealed 100% monomorphism in all cryo-storage derived regenerants and in vitro donor (120-days-old) plants. CONCLUSION Shoot tips of A. calamus that were cryopreserved had 88.3% regrowth using V cryo-plate technique and the regerants retained genetic fidelity. https://doi.org/10.54680/fr24210110412.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Parasher
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - C Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh; Department of Biosciences, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | | | - P Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shalini K, Guleria S, Salaria D, Rolta R, Fadare OA, Mehta J, Awofisayo O, Mandyal P, Shandilya P, Kaushik N, Choi EH, Chandel SR, Kaushik NK. Antimicrobial potential of phytocompounds of Acorus calamus: in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2726-2737. [PMID: 37177811 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2209653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are used from prehistoric time to cure various life-threatening bacterial diseases. Acorus calamus is an important medicinal plant widely used to cure gastrointestinal, respiratory, kidney and liver disorders. The objective of the current research was to investigate the interaction of major phytoconstituents of Acorus calamus with bacterial (6VJE) and fungal (1EA1) protein targets. Protein-ligand interactions were estimated using the AutoDock software, drug likeness was predicted by using the molinspiration server and toxicity was predicted with the swissADME and protox II servers. MD simulation of phytocompounds with the best profiles was done on the GROMACS software for 100 ns. Molecular docking results showed among all the selected major phytoconstituents, that β-cadinene showed best binding interaction in complex with bacterial (6VJE) and fungal (1EA1) protein targets with binding energy -7.66 ± 0.1 and -7.73 ± 0.15 kcal mol-1, respectively. Drug likeness and toxicity predictions showed that β-cadinene follows all rules of drug likeness and toxicity. MD simulation study revealed that β-cadinene fit in binding pocket of bacterial and fungal targets and found to be stable throughout the duration of the simulation. Based on the observations from this in-silico study it is being proposed that β-cadinene, a major phytocompound of Acorus calamus, can be considered for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections since the study shows that it might be one of the compounds that contributes majorly to the plant's biological activity. This study needs in vitro and in vivo validation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Shalini
- Division of Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur, India
| | - Shikha Guleria
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Deeksha Salaria
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajan Rolta
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Olatomide A Fadare
- Organic Chemistry Research Lab, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Jyoti Mehta
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Oladoja Awofisayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Parteek Mandyal
- School Advanced of Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Pooja Shandilya
- School Advanced of Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shikha Rangra Chandel
- Division of Microbiology, School of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Career Point University, Hamirpur, India
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Malik R, Kalra S, Pooja, Singh G, Meenu, Gahlot V, Kajal A, Rimpy. Antioxidative and neuroprotective potential of Acorus calamus linn. and Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. In Alzheimer's type dementia in rodent. Brain Res 2024; 1822:148616. [PMID: 37793605 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this research study was to see how plant extracts of Acorus calamus Linn. and Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. overcome scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's type dementia in mice by activating the cholinergic system, anti-oxidant and protection of neuronal death in the brain (hippocampus region). Scopolamine (1 mg/kg i.p.) reduced mice's routine in behavioral parameters such as Morris Water Maze (MWM), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), and also the locomotor activity. It also decreases antioxidant levels such as Reduced glutathione (GSH) and also Superoxide dismutase (SOD) but also increases the level of Acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) in brain. Assessment of various behavioral, and biochemical parameters (AChE, SOD, GSH, and Nitrite level) were compared with each group. Acorus calamus (hydro-alcoholic 1:1) 600 mg/kg p.o. and the combination (Acorus calamus 600 mg/kg p.o. + Cordia dichotoma 750 mg/kg p.o.) group showed significant results as compared to Cordia dichotoma 750 mg/kg p.o.in behavioral as well as in biochemical parameters. Histological studies showed significant neuroprotection in the Acorus calamus-treated group and the combination-treated groups. In the future, the Acorus calamus and the combination are possibly helpful in the treatment of various cognitive disorders or it may be valuable to investigate the pharmacological potential of such plant extracts during the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India; Gurugram Global College of Pharmacy, Gurugram, India.
| | - Sunishtha Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pooja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Govind Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
| | - Meenu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Gahlot
- HIMT College of Pharmacy, Knowledge Park - 1, Greater Noida, District - Gautam Buddh Nagar, U.P., 201310, India
| | - Anjali Kajal
- Baba Masthnath University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Rimpy
- Shandong First Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barczak B, Łuczak J, Kazimierski P, Klugmann-Radziemska E, Lopez G, Januszewicz K. Exploring synergistic effects in physical-chemical activation of Acorus calamus for water treatment solutions. Journal of Environmental Management 2023; 347:119000. [PMID: 37776800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The research proposed a novel method of obtaining sorption material from readily available Acorus calamus biomass through a combination of physical and chemical activation processes. The material with the highest specific surface area (1652 m2 g-1) was obtained by physical activation with CO2, followed by chemical activation with KOH. Reversing the order of activation methods resulted in a lower specific surface area (1014 m2 g-1) of the carbon sample. Chemical activation produced activated carbon with a surface area of 1066 m2 g-1-, while physical activation produced 390 m2 g-1. This confirms the synergistic effect of combining the two activation methods for biocarbon. It was observed that physical activation with CO2 generates a diverse range of pores, including meso- and macropores, while chemical activation induces the formation of micropores. In contrast, reversing the order of these processes leads to the degradation of the porous structure. The application of physical-chemical activation with synergistic effects represents a significant advancement in producing high-quality activated biocarbon for various applications, such as wastewater treatment and energy storage. The combination of the two activation methods resulted in a synergistic effect, leading to the production of carbon material of higher quality. Additionally, the diversified pore sizes will enable the sorption of various pollutants in the aquatic environment and air pollutants, where gas particles are much smaller.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Barczak
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Łuczak
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Kazimierski
- Centre of Flow and Combustion, Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, 80-231, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Gartzen Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E48080, Bilbao, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Januszewicz
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xia G, Zhu S, Zhao W, Yang X, Sheng L, Mao H. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter rhizosphere fungal community characteristics of Acorus calamus to improve Cr resistance. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15681. [PMID: 37953782 PMCID: PMC10638908 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate changes in fungal community characteristics under different Cr(VI) concentration stresses and the advantages of adding arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), we used high throughput sequencing to characterize the fungal communities. Cr(VI) stress reduced rhizosphere soil SOM (soil organic matter) content and AMF addition improved this stress phenomenon. There were significant differences in fungal community changes under different Cr(VI) concentrations. The fungal community characteristics changed through inhibition of fungal metabolic ability, as fungal abundance increased after AMF addition, and the fungal diversity increased under high Cr(VI) concentration. The dominant phyla were members of the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Rozellomycota. Dominant groups relevant to Cr resistance were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungi. Moreover, Fungal community characteristics were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the cytochrome c metabolic pathway, NADH dehydrogenase, and NADH: ubiquinone reductase and all these functions were enhanced after AMF addition. Therefore, Cr(VI) stress significantly affects fungal community structure, while AMF addition could increase its SOM content, and metabolic capacity, and improve fungal community tolerance to Cr stress. This study contributed to the understanding response of rhizosphere fungal community in AMF-assisted wetland phytoremediation under Cr stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Xia
- Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Sixi Zhu
- Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiuqing Yang
- Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Luying Sheng
- Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Huan Mao
- Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Y, Li J, Cao G, Zhao D, Li G, Zhang H, Yan M. Ethnic, Botanic, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of the Acorus L. Genus: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7117. [PMID: 37894595 PMCID: PMC10609487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Acorus, a perennial monocotyledonous-class herb and part of the Acoraceae family, is widely distributed in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Acorus is rich in biological activities and can be used to treat various diseases of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and digestive system, including Alzheimer's disease, depression, epilepsy, hyperlipidemia, and indigestion. Recently, it has been widely used to improve eutrophic water and control heavy-metal-polluted water. Thus far, only three species of Acorus have been reported in terms of chemical components and pharmacological activities. Previously published reviews have not further distinguished or comprehensively expounded the chemical components and pharmacological activities of Acorus plants. By carrying out a literature search, we collected documents closely related to Acorus published from 1956 to 2022. We then performed a comprehensive and systematic review of the genus Acorus from different perspectives, including botanical aspects, ethnic applications, phytochemistry aspects, and pharmacological aspects. Our aim was to provide a basis for further research and the development of new concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (G.C.); (D.Z.); (G.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jia Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (G.C.); (D.Z.); (G.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Guoshi Cao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (G.C.); (D.Z.); (G.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (G.C.); (D.Z.); (G.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Guangzhe Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (G.C.); (D.Z.); (G.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Hongyin Zhang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (G.C.); (D.Z.); (G.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mingming Yan
- Northeast Asia Research Institute, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (G.C.); (D.Z.); (G.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hao Z, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang C, Liang D, Liu Y, Feng W. Chemical constituents from Acorus calamus with potent anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective activities. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105591. [PMID: 37343685 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Three previously undescribed compounds, (+)-7S,8S-syringoylglycerol-7-O-3',4'-dihydroxylphenylethanol (1), (+)-2S,3R-piscidic acid 1-methyl-5-ethyl ester (2), and 2'S-2-acetyl-3-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxyl)furan (3), together with one new natural product, 7S,8S-4,7,8-trihydroxyl-methyl phenylpropionate (4) and a known lignan (7S,8R)-methyl-4',7-epoxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-4,9-dihydroxylignan-9'-oate (5), were isolated from the ethanol extract of Acorus calamus Linn. rhizomes. Their structures were determined based on extensive spectroscopic analyses and computational methods. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their in vitro GK activating and hepatoprotective activities, and compound 5 exhibited significant GK activating activity at 10-5 mol/L, compound 3 exhibited moderate protective effects to APAP-induced injuries of HepG2 cells at 10-5 mol/L. Furthermore, molecular docking of compound 5 bound with GK was carried out to investigate the possible structural insights into the potential binding patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Yanli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yangang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yanjun Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Dong Liang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He X, Chen X, Yang Y, Liu Y, Xie Y. Acorus calamus var. angustatus Besser: Insight into current research on ethnopharmacological use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics. Phytochemistry 2023; 210:113626. [PMID: 36871902 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A. calamus var. angustatus Besser is an important traditional medicinal herb commonly used in China and other Asian countries. This study is the first systematic review of the literature to thoroughly analyze the ethnopharmacological application, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetic properties of A. calamus var. angustatus Besser and provides a rationale for future research and prospects for application in clinical treatment. Information on relevant studies investigating A. calamus var. angustatus Besser was collected from SciFinder, the Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, Elsevier, ResearchGate, ACS, Flora of China, and Baidu Scholar, etc. up to December 2022. In addition, information was also obtained from Pharmacopeias, books on Chinese herbal classics, local books, as well as PhD and MS dissertations. A. calamus var. angustatus Besser has played an important role in the herbal treatment of coma, convulsion, amnesia, and dementia for thousands of years. Studies investigating the chemical constituents of A. calamus var. angustatus Besser have isolated and identified 234 small-molecule compounds and a few polysaccharides. Among them, simple phenylpropanoids represented by asarone analogues and lignans are the two main active ingredients, which can be considered characteristic chemotaxonomic markers of this herb. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies indicated that crude extracts and active compounds from A. calamus var. angustatus Besser display a wide range of pharmacological activities, especially as treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and anticonvulsant, antidepressant-like, anxiolytic-like, anti-fatigue, anti-Parkinson, neuroprotection, and brain protection properties, providing more evidence to explain the traditional medicinal uses and ethnopharmacology. The clinical therapeutic dose of A. calamus var. angustatus Besser does not present any toxic effects, but its main active ingredients α-asarone and β-asarone at excessive dose may lead to toxicity, and in particular, their respective epoxide metabolites may exert potential toxicity to the liver. This review provides a reference and further information for the future development and clinical application of A. calamus var. angustatus Besser.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xirui He
- College of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Xufei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of the Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yulu Xie
- College of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu Z, Zhou X, Hong X, Wang S, Wei J, Huang J, Ji L, Yang Y, Efferth T, Hong C, Li C. Essential oil of Acorus tatarinowii Schott inhibits neuroinflammation by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in 3 × Tg-AD transgenic mice. Phytomedicine 2023; 112:154695. [PMID: 36774844 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shi chang pu (Acorus tatarinowii Schott) is a herbal used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in China. The essential oil of Shi chang pu (SCP-oil) is the main active component. However, its effects on the neuroinflammation of AD have not been well studied. PURPOSE Neuroinflammation mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in AD. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of SCP-oil on cognitive impairment of AppSwe/PSEN1M146V/MAPTP301L triple transgenic (3 × Tg-AD) mice model and investigate the mechanism underlying its anti-inflammation effects. METHODS Thirty-two 3 × Tg-AD mice at 12 months and 8 wild-type B6 mice were used for this experiment. The 3 × Tg-AD mice were administered with SCP-oil or donepezil hydrochloride for 8 weeks. Morris water maze test and step-down test were used to evaluate the cognitive ability of mice. The pathological changes, neuroinflammation, and the NLRP3 inflammasome related-protein of AD mice were detected by histomorphological examination, TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, Elisa, and western blot assays. RESULTS SCP-oil treatment attenuated cognitive dysfunction of 3 × Tg-AD mice. Moreover, SCP-oil also ameliorated characteristics pathological of AD, such as pathological changes damage, deposition of Aβ, phosphorylation of Tau, and neuronal loss. Additionally, SCP-oil treatment alleviated the neuroinflammation and inhibited phosphorylation of IKKβ, NF-κB, and NLRP3 inflammasome related-protein NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, cleaved-Caspase-1, and GSDMD-N in the hippocampus of 3 × Tg-AD mice. CONCLUSION Overall, SCP-oil contributed to neuroprotection in 3 × Tg-AD mice by reduced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiao Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Sichen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiale Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Junhao Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Liting Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yuanxiao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Chunlan Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Changyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wei Z, Sixi Z, Xiuqing Y, Guodong X, Baichun W, Baojing G. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter rhizosphere bacterial community characteristics to improve Cr tolerance of Acorus calamus. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 253:114652. [PMID: 36822059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve plant tolerance to heavy metal stress in terrestrial ecosystems. However, in wetland ecosystems, AMF can improve the tolerance of wetland plants to heavy metals by changing the structure and composition of rhizosphere bacterial communities, which is still rarely studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of AMF on the structure and composition of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of plants under different chromium concentrations. The results showed that Cr(Ⅵ) concentration in Acorus calamus. rhizosphere soil decreased by 12.6 % (5.6-21.7 %) on average after AMF inoculation, At the same time, it promoted the uptake of nutrients by A. calamus and increased soil carbon input. In addition, Cr stress decreased the bacterial community diversity and abundance index by 9.8 % (1.6-18.1 %) and 24.5 % (17.3-27.6 %) on average. On the contrary, the rhizosphere soil bacterial diversity and abundance index increased by 7.3 % (2.2-19.1 %) and 13.9 % (6.0-20.9 %) on average after AMF inoculation. Moreover, compared with the non-inoculated AMF group, the bacterial community structure of A. calamus rhizosphere changed by 24.6 % under Cr stress, The common number of species increased by 6.4 %. In addition, after inoculation of AMF significantly promote the growth of a large number of bacteria related to organic degradation, plant growth, and oxidative stress, increased soil carbon input improved the soil microenvironment. Meanwhile, After AMF inoculation, the Number of edges, Number of Nodes, Average degree, and Average Path length in the symbiotic network of rhizosphere soil bacterial community increased by 34.6 %, 10 %, 44.3 %, and 26.4 %, respectively. Therefore, it offers a possibility that AMF can enhance the tolerance of wetland plants to soil Cr pollution by improving the structure and composition of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soils of wetland plants, which provide a basis for wetland plants to repair soil Cr pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wei
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhu Sixi
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yang Xiuqing
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xia Guodong
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wang Baichun
- College of Eco-environment Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, The Karst Environmental Geological Hazard Prevention of Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Gu Baojing
- College of Environment and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shi T, Huneau C, Zhang Y, Li Y, Chen J, Salse J, Wang Q. The slow-evolving Acorus tatarinowii genome sheds light on ancestral monocot evolution. Nat Plants 2022; 8:764-777. [PMID: 35835857 PMCID: PMC9300462 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Monocots are one of the most diverse groups of flowering plants, and tracing the evolution of their ancestral genome into modern species is essential for understanding their evolutionary success. Here, we report a high-quality assembly of the Acorus tatarinowii genome, a species that diverged early from all the other monocots. Genome-wide comparisons with a range of representative monocots characterized Acorus as a slowly evolved genome with one whole-genome duplication. Our inference of the ancestral monocot karyotypes provides new insights into the chromosomal evolutionary history assigned to modern species and reveals the probable molecular functions and processes related to the early adaptation of monocots to wetland or aquatic habitats (that is, low levels of inorganic phosphate, parallel leaf venation and ephemeral primary roots). The evolution of ancestral gene order in monocots is constrained by gene structural and functional features. The newly obtained Acorus genome offers crucial evidence for delineating the origin and diversification of monocots, including grasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cécile Huneau
- UCA, INRAE, UMR 1095 GDEC (Genetics, Diversity & Ecophysiology of Cereals), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jérôme Salse
- UCA, INRAE, UMR 1095 GDEC (Genetics, Diversity & Ecophysiology of Cereals), Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiong W, Zhao X, Xu Q, Wei G, Zhang L, Fan Y, Wen L, Liu Y, Zhang T, Zhang L, Tong Y, Yin Q, Zhang TE, Yan Z. Qisheng Wan formula ameliorates cognitive impairment of Alzheimer's disease rat via inflammation inhibition and intestinal microbiota regulation. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 282:114598. [PMID: 34492320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Qisheng Wan formula (QWF) was first described in the book Sheng Ji Zong Lu in 1117. The book states that QWF can cure forgetfulness, improve the mind, and make people smart. Hence, QWF has been widely used to treat patients with forgetfulness or dementia. QWF, a classic Chinese formulation, comprises seven herbal drugs: the sclerotium of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, bark of Cinnamomum cassia Presl, root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd., root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., root of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr., root and rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott, and root bark of Lycium chinense Mill. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to utilize modern pharmacological methods to evaluate the therapeutic effects and explore the underlying mechanism of QWF action on rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical profile of QWF was characterized using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The AD rat model was established via a bilateral intraventricular injection of amyloid-β (1-42) (Aβ1-42). The rats were subsequently treated daily with QWF for 4 weeks. The Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the cognition processes in the rats, whereas histological changes in the hippocampus were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression levels of Aβ1-42, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 in the hippocampus and colon were assessed. Moreover, the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota were analyzed using 16S rDNA gene sequencing. RESULTS One hundred and fourteen compounds were characterized in QWF. QWF significantly ameliorated the cognition processes and histopathological damages due to AD in rats by decreasing the deposition of Aβ1-42 and downregulating the expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6. QWF also modulated changes in the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota to suppress the relative abundance of inflammation-associated microbiota. CONCLUSION This study showed that QWF can suppress proinflammatory factors and modulate the intestinal microbiota in AD rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqin Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Guihua Wei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Liudai Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Yuqing Fan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Lingmiao Wen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Yanjun Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Tinglan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Yan Tong
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Qiaozhi Yin
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Tian-E Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang K, Sang C, Guan M, Wu Y, Xia H, Chen Y, Nie C. Performance and stratified microbial community of vermi-filter affected by Acorus calamus and Epipremnum aureum during recycling of concentrated excess sludge. Chemosphere 2021; 280:130609. [PMID: 34162071 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vermi-filter combined with wetland plant (VFP) is an eco-friendly and sustainable approach for recycling of excess sludge by joint action of earthworms, wetland plants and microorganisms. However, the effects of wetland plants on sludge decomposition and involved microorganisms are remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of wetland plants on the treatment performance of VFP for concentrated excess sludge and microbial community distribution inside the VFP. The wetland plants' species of Acorus calamus and Epipremnum aureum were separately planted on the surface layer of vermi-reactors by earthworms Eisenia fetida. Results showed that the growth rate of E. fetida in VFPs significantly (P < 0.001) increased by 75%, compared to VF. In addition, the removal rates of total solids and chemical oxygen demand in VFPs could reach 61%-79% and 36%-68%, respectively, displaying a better performance of sludge reduction than in the VF. The surface layer of VFPs was a hotspot for degradation of organic matter, where bacteria played an important role in bio-decomposition rather than eukaryotes. Moreover, wetland plants could significantly (P < 0.001) enrich the eukaryotic population, rather than bacterial population. Compared to the VF, the wetland plants could promote the diversities of bacterial community in VFPs, showing specific functioned genus in different layers. In contrast, A. calamus could be a better candidate than E. aureum in the VFP. This study suggests that the inoculation of wetland plants can improve the performance for treating concentrated excess sludge by changing the biomass of earthworms and the structure of microbial community within the VFP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kui Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Chunlei Sang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Mengxin Guan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Hui Xia
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yongzhi Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Cailong Nie
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang JF, Zhu CY, Weng BS, Mo PW, Xu ZJ, Tian P, Cui BS, Bai JH. Regulation of heavy metals accumulated by Acorus calamus L. in constructed wetland through different nitrogen forms. Chemosphere 2021; 281:130773. [PMID: 34000656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) by plants is an important pathway for constructed wetland (CW) to alleviate the environmental risks caused by their release. This study aims to regulate HMs (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd) accumulated by Acorus calamus L. in the sandy substrate CW with different nitrogen forms, including ammonia (NH4+), nitrate (NO3‾), and NH4+/NO3‾ (1:1) in synthetic tailwaters. In general, the removal efficiency of HMs by CW could reach 92.4% under the initial concentrations below 500 μg/L. Accumulation percentages of HMs in the shoots and roots of plants in CW with NH4+ and NH4+/NO3‾ influents increased by 52-395% and 15-101%, respectively, when compared with that of NO3‾ treatment. Influents with NH4+ promoted plant growth of Acorus calamus L. and metabolic functions, such as carbohydrate metabolism/amino acid metabolism, related to HMs mobilization of rhizosphere bacterial communities, which might induce more organic acids and amino acids secreted by plants and microbes during their metabolic processes. These are the main reasons for the enhancive mobilization of HMs from their precipitation fractions and their uptake by plants in CW with NH4+ treatments. Moreover, the enhancement of organics secreted from plants and microbes also led to the high denitrification efficiency and nitrogen removal in CW. Overall, this study could provide a feasible method for the enhancive accumulation of HMs by wetland plants via the regulation water treatment process to appropriately increase NH4+ for CW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Cong-Yun Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bai-Sha Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Pei-Wen Mo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zi-Jie Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ping Tian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bao-Shan Cui
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jun-Hong Bai
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
He S, Li Y, Yang W, Huang J, Hou K, Zhang L, Song H, Yang L, Tian C, Rong X, Han Y. A comparison of the mechanisms and performances of Acorus calamus, Pontederia cordata and Alisma plantagoaquatica in removing nitrogen from farmland wastewater. Bioresour Technol 2021; 332:125105. [PMID: 33857861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the performances of Acorus calamus, Pontederia cordata, and Alisma plantagoaquatica in removing nitrogen (N) from farmland wastewater. P. cordata showed the fastest rate of N removal, followed by A. plantagoaquatica, whereas that of A. calamus was slowest. P. cordata and A. plantagoaquatica achieving a greater rate of TN reduction in soil than that by A. calamus. A. plantagoaquatica demonstrated the highest N adsorption capacity, 32.6% and 392.1% higher than that of P. cordata and A. calamus, respectively. The higher potential nitrification and denitrification rate, and abundance of functional genes in the P. cordata microcosm resulted in a stronger process of nitrification-denitrification, which accounted for 65.99% of TN loss. Plant uptake and nitrification-denitrification were responsible for 50.06% and 49.94% of TN removed within the A. plantagoaquatica. Nitrification-denitrification accounted for 86.35% of TN loss in A. calamus. These findings helped to insight into N removal mechanisms in different plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shifu He
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Kun Hou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Lian Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Haixing Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Chang Tian
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Xiangmin Rong
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yongliang Han
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang FH, Wang ZM, Liu YT, Huang JS, Liang S, Wu HH, Xu YT. Bioactivities of serotonin transporter mediate antidepressant effects of Acorus tatarinowii Schott. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 241:111967. [PMID: 31128148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acrorus tatarinowii Schott has been widely used in the treatments of neuropsychiatric and digestive disorders in clinical practices of traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Both clinical and preclinical studies demonstrated antidepressant effects of A. tatarinowii. However, the possible action mechanisms of antidepressant effects of A. tatarinowii remain unraveled. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to investigate the roles of serotonin transporter (SERT) in antidepressant effects of A. tatarinowii. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antidepressant effects of water extract of A. tatarinowii were evaluated by forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and locomotor activity test. The water extract was analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method. Two major fractions of A. tatarinowii, petroleum ether extract and water extract after petroleum ether processed, were prepared and analyzed by UPLC method. Further, volatile oil extracted by ether extraction, solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and hydro-distillation were compared and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) method. Finally, major constituents of water extract of A. tatarinowii were isolated by preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Effects of all of the above mentioned samples on SERT activity were tested by a high content assay (HCA). RESULTS Results of FST, TST and locomotor activity confirmed that water extract of A. tatarinowii significantly decreased mice immobility time but did not change mice locomotor activity. UPLC analysis results revealed that the water extract contained trace amount of β-asarone (0.0004206%) and α-asarone (0.0001918%). HCA results demonstrated that the water extract significantly enhanced SERT activity at 100 μg/mL. Further, GC-MS and UPLC analyses revealed that petroleum ether extract contained high content of β-asarone (45.63%) and α-asarone (12.50%). GC-MS analysis results demonstrated that the volatile oil extracted by ether extraction, SPME and hydro-distillation contained similar major components. HCA results verified that the petroleum ether extract significantly enhanced SERT activity at 1.56 μg/mL. Moreover, UPLC analysis of water extract after petroleum ether processed did not show any characteristic peaks. HCA results demonstrated that this extract significantly inhibited SERT activity at 50-100 μg/mL. Finally, phytochemistry investigation on the water extract of A. tatarinowii afforded seven constituents including veratric acid (9), anisic acid (7), 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (3), trans-isoferulic acid (2), 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (11), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (6) and syringic acid (13). Their structures were established on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometer (MS) data and comparative UPLC analyses. HCA results demonstrated the major components of the water extract of A. tatarinowii demonstrated SERT enhancement/inhibition activities. CONCLUSIONS This study first systematically demonstrated the roles of SERT activity in antidepressant effects of A. tatarinowii, including water extract, major fractions and main constituents. These results revealed that A. tatarinowii could regulate SERT activities in bidirectional ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hong Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Mei Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ting Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Sheng Huang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hua Wu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Tong Xu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
β-Asarone is the predominant component of the essential oil of rhizomes of Acorus calamus Linn ( Sweet flag). Although rhizome extracts from this plant have long been used for insect pest control, their cytotoxic effects on insect cells are not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the potency of β-asarone as a natural insecticide by using a Spodoptera frugiperda cell line (Sf9). To assess the cytotoxic effects of β-asarone on Sf9 cells, we observed morphologic changes in treated cells and performed a cell proliferation assay and a DNA fragmentation assay. After 24 and 48 h of treatment with β-asarone, the proliferation of the Sf9 cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 0.558 mg/ml at 24 h and 0.253 mg/ml at 48 h. Morphologic changes in β-asarone-treated cells were typical of apoptosis and included loss of adhesion, cell shrinkage, and small apoptotic bodies. The DNA laddering present in β-asarone-treated SF9 cells and annexin V assay confirmed that this compound can induce apoptosis in insect cells. Together, these findings suggest that apoptosis induction may be one mechanism through which β-asarone inhibits the proliferation of insect cells and thus exerts insecticidal effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thitaree Yooboon
- Department of Zoology, Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazumu Kuramitsu
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Vasakorn Bullangpoti
- Department of Zoology, Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yooichi Kainoh
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiichi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Singh RP, Wu J, Fu D. Purification of water contaminated with Hg using horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:9697-9706. [PMID: 30734251 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a global pollutant, Hg (Hg) since the turn of the last century has received increased attention. Decreasing the emission of Hg into the food chain and the atmosphere is an effective way to reduce the Hg damage. The current study provided information about pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) to remove different Hg species in polluted water. Synthetic wastewater was fed to two HSSF CWs, one was planted with Acorus calamus L and the other was unplanted as a control. The total Hg (THg), dissolved Hg (DHg), and particulate Hg (PHg) from five sites along the HSSF CWs were analyzed to describe the process of Hg removal. Results show that the CWs have high removal efficiency of Hg which is more than 90%. The removal efficiencies of THg and DHg from the unplanted CW were 92.1 ± 3.6% and 72.4 ± 13.1%, respectively. While, the removal efficiencies of THg and DHg in planted CW were 95.9 ± 7.5% and 94.9 ± 4.9%, which were higher than that in blank CW. The PHg was mainly removed in the first quarter of the CWs, which was also revealed by the partition coefficient Kd. To a certain extent, the effect of plants depends on the hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results in the current study show the potential of the HSSF-CWs for restoration from Hg-contaminated water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad Singh
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
- SEU-Monash Joint Research Centre for Future Cities, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Jiaguo Wu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China
- SEU-Monash Joint Research Centre for Future Cities, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Dafang Fu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China.
- SEU-Monash Joint Research Centre for Future Cities, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Singh T, Singh DK. Lindane degradation by root epiphytic bacterium Achromobacter sp. strain A3 from Acorus calamus and characterization of associated proteins. Int J Phytoremediation 2019; 21:419-424. [PMID: 30648424 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1524835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lindane degrading root epiphytic bacteria were isolated from wetland plant Acorus calamus. Bacterial strain A3 identified as Achromobacter sp. A3, showed maximum degradation potential of 88.7 ± 1.24% for 50 mg l-1 lindane. Lindane biodegradation was followed by decrease in pH as well as increase in concentration of chloride ions in the culture medium. Lindane degradation potential of Achromobacter sp. A3 was also studied at different concentrations of lindane. Maximum degradation was at 10 mg l-1 followed by 50 mg l-1 and 100 mg l-1 lindane. Also, lindane induced proteins were studied using SDS-PAGE. The induced proteins were identified as alpha/beta hydrolase fold-3 domain-containing protein, involved in lindane hydrolysis and extracellular solute-binding family protein having role in transmembrane transport of lindane for utilization of lindane by bacteria. The appearance of unique polypeptides in lane corresponding to media supplemented with lindane showed that the exposure of bacterial cells to lindane has resulted in regulative expression of certain proteins. So far as known, this is the first report to isolate and study lindane degrading root epiphytic bacteria from A. calamus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Singh
- a Department of Zoology , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - Dileep K Singh
- a Department of Zoology , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sarjan HN, Divyashree S, Yajurvedi HN. The protective effect of the Vacha rhizome extract on chronic stress-induced immunodeficiency in rat. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:1358-1367. [PMID: 28303736 PMCID: PMC6130551 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1301495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Chronic stress is an inevitable factor in the modern day society which affects cell mediated as well as humoral immunity. There is a need to prevent stress effects with traditionally used herbs. OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to investigate the immunoprotective effect of Vacha (Acorus calamus L. Acoraceae) rhizome under stressful condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Soxlet extraction of Vacha rhizome was performed with increasing polarity of solvents, i.e., petroleum ether to ethanol. The extract was concentrated by distilling off the solvent in flash evaporator and dried in desiccators. The benzene extract was found to have anti-stress property in our earlier studies and hence it was used in the present experiment. Extract was administered every day for 4 weeks orally to adult female rats prior to exposure to stress, restraint (1 h) and forced swimming exercise (15 min). RESULTS Vacha rhizome extract significantly prevented the stress induced reduction in total and differential leukocytes count, immunoglobulin content, bone marrow cellularity and viability, lymphocytes counts in lymphoid organs, islands of white pulp of spleen (ED50 = 10 mg, p < 0.001) and a significant increase in circulating immune complexes and apoptotic index of lymphoid organs (ED50 = 10 mg, p < 0.001) compared to controls. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The present study clearly indicates that Vacha extract not only prevents stress-induced suppression of immunity and structural involution of lymphoid organs, but also boosts immunity in normal rats. Therefore, it is suggested that Vacha extract administration maintains normal immunity despite the body experiencing stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. N. Sarjan
- Department of Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India
| | - S. Divyashree
- Department of Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India
| | - H. N. Yajurvedi
- Department of Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shi GB, Wang B, Wu Q, Wang TC, Wang CL, Sun XH, Zong WT, Yan M, Zhao QC, Chen YF, Zhang W. Evaluation of the wound-healing activity and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extracts from Acorus calamus L. Pak J Pharm Sci 2014; 27:91-95. [PMID: 24374458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In folklore medicine, Acorus calamus has been used as a wound-healing agent for thousands of years; however, there have been few scientific reports on this activity so far. Now, we explored deeply the wound-healing effect of aqueous extracts from the fresh roots and rhizomes of A. calamus in vivo, as well as anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, so as to provide scientific evidence for the traditional application. The wound-healing effect was determined by the image analysis techniques and the histological analysis in the excisional wounding test, and the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the real-time RT-PCR techniques in the lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells test. Aqueous extracts, administered topically at the dose range from twice to thrice in a day, could enhance significantly the rate of skin wound-healing. Moreover, the extracts could effectively inhibit the mRNA expressions of inflammatory mediators induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 cells. These results showed significantly the wound-healing activity of aqueous extracts in the animal model of excise wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activity in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-bing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shen-yang North Hospital, 83# Wenhua Road, Shen-yang, PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shen-yang North Hospital, 83# Wenhua Road, Shen-yang, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shen-yang North Hospital, 83# Wenhua Road, Shen-yang, PR China
| | - Tong-chao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shen-yang North Hospital, 83# Wenhua Road, Shen-yang, PR China
| | - Chang-li Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shen-yang North Hospital, 83# Wenhua Road, Shen-yang, PR China
| | - Xue-hui Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shen-yang North Hospital, 83# Wenhua Road, Shen-yang, PR China
| | - Wen-tao Zong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shen-yang North Hospital, 83# Wenhua Road, Shen-yang, PR China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shen-yang North Hospital, 83# Wenhua Road, Shen-yang, PR China
| | - Qing-chun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shen-yang North Hospital, 83# Wenhua Road, Shen-yang, PR China
| | - Yu-feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shen-yang North Hospital, 83# Wenhua Road, Shen-yang, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shen-yang North Hospital, 83# Wenhua Road, Shen-yang, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sundaramahalingam M, Ramasundaram S, Rathinasamy SD, Natarajan RP, Somasundaram T. Role of Acorus calamus and alpha-asarone on hippocampal dependent memory in noise stress exposed rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2013; 16:770-778. [PMID: 24498829 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2013.770.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stress is a condition or stimulus that threatens an organism's survival. Noise is an environmental stressor. It is well known that long term as well as acute exposure to noise led to oxidative stress. In the present study, it was investigated that the persistence of noise stress (100 dBA/4 h/d for 30 days) could cause memory impairment in rats and whether ethylacetate extract of AC EAAC (50 mg kg(-1) b.wt.) and alpha-Asarone (9 mg kg(-1) b.wt.). treatment can prevent or not. In order to understand the possible mechanism behind it, antioxidant status and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in hippocampus was evaluated after rats were tested in Radial Eight-arm Maze (RAM). Heat shock protein 70 (hsp 70) expression in hippocampus was also evaluated to understand the intensity of stress level. Results showed that after noise stress exposure, time taken to visit all the baited arms, working and reference memory errors were increased in RAM. The superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, AChE activity, hsp 70 were significantly increased with concomitant decrease in catalase, glutathione peroxidase activity and G6PD activity of non-enzymatic levels was observed in the 30 days noise stress exposed group. When rats were co-administrated with EAAC and alpha-Asarone prevents the noise stress induced alterations significantly. In Conclusion, noise stress induced oxidative stress, increased AChE activity, and over expression of hsp 70 in hippocampus region might have led to the impairment of spatial memory. EAAC and alpha-Asarone prevents this noise stress induced memory impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheela Devi Rathinasamy
- Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM. PG. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai-600 113, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jiang J, Kim JJ, Kim DY, Kim MK, Oh NH, Koppula S, Park PJ, Choi DK, Shin YK, Kim IH, Kang TB, Lee KH. Acorus gramineus inhibits microglia mediated neuroinflammation and prevents neurotoxicity in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 144:506-513. [PMID: 23085397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acorus gramineus Solander (Acoraceae, AG), is a widely distributed plant in Asian countries. Rhizome part of this plant has long been used as a traditional medicine for treating various symptoms including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. AIM OF STUDY The anti-neuroinflammatory effect of AG aqueous extract was investigated using in vitro cellular and in vivo Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is used to stimulate BV-2 microglial cells in vitro and the changes in neuroinflammatory expressional levels were measured using ELISA, Western blotting, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence techniques. In in vivo experiments, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated mouse model of PD was developed followed by immunohistochemical analysis of specific brain tissues. RESULTS LPS-stimulation to BV-2 cells increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β. Pretreatment with AG extract inhibited the increased levels of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Mechanistic study revealed that AG acts via the regulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and TRIF-dependent signaling pathways. Further, AG protected MPTP-induced neuronal cell death and inhibited neuroinflammation in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that AG extract exerted anti-neuroinflammatory effects against activated microglia mediated insults through multiple signaling pathways and prevented in vivo neuronal cell death in mouse model of PD substantiating the traditional claims for its use in CNS disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Reaearch Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vijayapandi P, Annabathina V, SivaNagaSrikanth B, Manjunath V, Boggavarapu P, Mohammed P AK, RajendraPrasad K, Kumarappan CT. In vitro anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities of Acorus calamus Linn. leaves extracts. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2012; 10:95-101. [PMID: 24082330 PMCID: PMC3746362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation was aimed at determining the effects of hexane, acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of Acorus calamus leaves (ACHE, ACAE, ACME and ACAQE) on cholinergic and histaminic system using isolated frog rectus abdominis muscle and guinea pig ileum. A dose dependent potentiation of Ach response (anticholinesterase like effect) was found with ACAE and ACME at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg/ml, but at higher dose of ACAE, ACME, ACAQE and ACHE (5, 20 mg/ml) inhibit the Ach response (antinicotinic effect). These results revealed biphasic effect of Acorus calamus leaves extracts on acetylcholine induced contractile response in isolated frog rectus abdominis muscle preparation (i.e. potentiation effect at lower dose and inhibitory effect at higher dose). Studies on isolated guinea pig ileum demonstrated antihistaminic effect in a dose dependent manner (100-1000 µg/ml) with ACAE, ACME and ACAQE. In addition, the dose dependent inhibition of Ach response (antimuscarinic effect) was observed with ACAE and ACME. In conclusion, Acorus calamus leaves extracts exerts antinicotinic, anticholinesterase like activities in isolated frog rectus abdominis muscle and antihistaminic, antimuscarinic effect in guinea pig ileum. It has been suggested that these observed activities can be further studied for therapeutic potential of Acorus calamus leaves in the treatment of cognitive disorders and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pandy Vijayapandi
- Department of Pharmacology, The Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Muthuraman A, Singh N. Neuroprotective effect of saponin rich extract of Acorus calamus L. in rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve-induced neuropathic pain. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 142:723-731. [PMID: 22706151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditionally, Acorus calamus has been used for the treatment and management of headache, migraine, body ache and severe inflammatory pain in the Unani, Ayurveda and Indian system of medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY Present study focuses on the evaluation of saponin rich extract of Acorus calamus (SRE-AC) in chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve induced neuropathic pain and neuronal functional changes in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pain sensitive tests, i.e., thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and sciatic functional index test, were performed on the different days, i.e., days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21. The motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity was also measured on the 21st day. Tissue total protein, superoxide anion generation, total calcium, myeloperoxidase and TNF-α levels were estimated to assess biochemical changes. Histopathological evaluations were also performed. SRE-AC (20 and 40 mg/kg) and pregabalin (10mg/kg, serving as a positive control) were administered orally for 14 consecutive days from the day of surgery. RESULTS CCI produced significant (P<0.05) increase in thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, rise in sciatic functional index, decrease in nerve conduction velocity, along with biochemical and histopathological changes. Oral administration of SRE-AC and pregabalin significantly (P<0.05) ameliorated CCI-induced nociceptive pain threshold, sciatic functional and electrophysiological changes in a dose dependent manner. Further, tissue biochemical and histopathological changes were also attenuated. CONCLUSION SRE-AC has shown ameliorative effect in CCI-induced neuropathic pain which may be attributed to its multiple actions including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunachalam Muthuraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Abstract
The capacity to potentiate the sedative action of pentobarbitone by the volatile oil of Indian Acorus calamus has been used to screen various fractions of the oil for the presence of the principle responsible. The methods used for the removal of the oxygenated components of the oil did not remove the active material. The results show that the active principle resides in the hydrocarbon fraction of the oil or in an oxygenated component not removed by the methods employed. The volatile oil from the European Acorus calamus showed activity similar to the oil from the Indian drug.
Collapse
|
27
|
MALHOTRA CL, PRASAD K, DHALLA NS, DAS PK. Effect of Hersaponin and Acorus oil on Noradrenaline and 5-Hydroxytryptamine Content of Rat Brain. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 13:447-8. [PMID: 13765775 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1961.tb11852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
Shah AJ, Gilani AH. Bronchodilatory effect of Acorus calamus (Linn.) is mediated through multiple pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 131:471-477. [PMID: 20643200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY This study was undertaken to provide a pharmacological basis for traditional use of Acorus calamus in airways disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated guinea-pig trachea and atria were suspended in organ baths bubbled with carbogen and mechanisms were found using different parameters. RESULTS In isolated guinea-pig tracheal segments, crude extract of Acorus calamus was more effective than carbachol in causing relaxation of high K(+) (80 mM) precontractions, similar to verapamil, suggesting blockade of calcium channels. The n-hexane fraction was equipotent against both precontractions, similar to papaverine, while ethylacetate fraction was more potent against carbachol precontractions but had a negligible dilator effect against K(+), similar to atropine and or rolipram. Pretreatment of tracheal preparations with n-hexane or ethylacetate fractions potentiated isoprenaline-induced inhibitory concentration-response curves, similar to papaverine or rolipram. Pretreatment of tracheal preparations with ethylacetate fraction caused a rightward parallel shift in carbachol response curve at lower concentration (0.003 mg/mL) similar to atropine and a non-parallel shift at higher concentrations (0.01 mg/mL), with reduction of maximum response, similar to rolipram. In isolated guinea-pig atrial preparations, crude extracts, its fractions and papaverine inhibited force and rate of contractions at higher concentrations than the smooth muscle while verapamil was equipotent. CONCLUSION These data indicate the presence of unique combination of airways relaxant constituents in crude extract of Acorus calamus, a papaverine-like dual inhibitor of calcium channels and phosphodiesterase in n-hexane fraction and a novel combination of anticholinergic, rolipram-like phosphodiesterase4 inhibitor in ethylacetate fraction and associated cardiac depressant effect, provide a pharmacological basis for traditional use of Acorus calamus in disorders of airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jabbar Shah
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang W, Liao QP, Quan LH, Liu CY, Chang Q, Liu XM, Liao YH. The effect of Acorus gramineus on the bioavailabilities and brain concentrations of ginsenosides Rg1, Re and Rb1 after oral administration of Kai-Xin-San preparations in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 131:313-320. [PMID: 20600754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of Acorus gramineus (AG), a supposed 'delivering servant' according to traditional Chinese medicine principles governing multi-herb formula preparation and formulation, on facilitating the uptake of ginsenosides Rg1, Re and Rb1 to the brain after oral administration of Kai-Xin-San (KXS) preparations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ginseng extracts or KXS with or without AG were administered to rats for pharmacokinetic study and mice for behaviour tests at a dose of 3 g ginseng per kg. The concentrations of ginsenosides in plasma and brain were determined by an LC-MS/MS method, whilst the effects of preparations on spatial learning were evaluated using the Morris water maze test. RESULTS KXS in the presence of AG tended to significantly reverse the learning impairment induced by scopolamine. The presence of AG in the KXS formula led to increases in the initial absorption rate and extent of Rg1 and Re in terms of Cmax1 and AUC(0-3h) compared to KXS without AG. Although KXS were found to increase the bioavailabilities and brain concentrations of ginsenosides relative to ginseng extract, the brain-to-plasma AUC(0-12h) ratios appeared not to be affected. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that the presence of AG in the KXS formula promoted the initial absorption of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re in the gastrointestinal tract, but unlikely affected the brain-to-plasma AUC ratios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dang H, Sun L, Liu X, Peng B, Wang Q, Jia W, Chen Y, Pan A, Xiao P. Preventive action of Kai Xin San aqueous extract on depressive-like symptoms and cognition deficit induced by chronic mild stress. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009; 234:785-93. [PMID: 19429857 DOI: 10.3181/0812-rm-354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kai Xin San (KXS), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been used clinically for the treatment of depressive disorders and cognitive impairment for centuries. However, the effects of KXS on cognitive dysfunction induced by depression have not been evaluated scientifically. The present study aimed to explore the antidepressant-like and nootropic effects of an aqueous extract of KXS (at doses of 0.3, 0.9, and 2.7 g/kg/day) using chronic mild stress (CMS) as a model of depression. Depressive symptoms were analyzed using the sucrose-preference and novelty-induced inhibition of feeding tests. Cognitive function was evaluated using a two-way active avoidance task. Serum corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) protein expression in the hippocampus, and monoamine neurotransmitter concentrations in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were also determined to elucidate the neurochemical mechanisms. Experimental results showed that KXS aqueous extract significantly ameliorated the CMS-induced depressive symptoms, including the reduced preference index and prolonged latency to novelty-suppressed feeding. Simultaneously, KXS significantly reversed the CMS-induced decrease in the numbers of active avoidance and active movement distances and increase in the numbers of the passive avoidance and passive movement distances, thereby producing nootropic effects in the two-way active avoidance test. KXS also inhibited the increased AChE expression in the hippocampus, up-regulated the decreased monoamine neurotransmitter concentrations of both brain areas and reduced the elevated ACTH concentrations in the serum induced by CMS. Taken together, these results indicate that KXS exerts its antidepressant-like and nootropic effects in the CMS model by modulating the HPA axis, monoamine neurotransmitter and cholinergic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Dang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Beijing 100193, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim H, Han TH, Lee SG. Anti-inflammatory activity of a water extract of Acorus calamus L. leaves on keratinocyte HaCaT cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 122:149-156. [PMID: 19146941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acorus calamus L., sweet flag, is a well-known medicinal plant that grows worldwide wildly along swamps, rivers, and lakes. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Acorus calamus leaf (ACL) extract and to explore its mechanism of action on human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS HaCaT cells treated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) and peptidoglycan (PGN) induced the inflammatory reactions. The anti-inflammatory activities of ACL were investigated using RT-PCR, ELISA assay, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS HaCaT cells induced the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and/or interleukin-6 (IL-6) expressions after treatment with polyI:C or PGN. ACL inhibited the expression of IL-8 and IL-6 RNA and protein levels, and attenuated the activation of NF-kappaB and IRF3 after polyI:C treatment. ACL also inhibited expression of IL-8 and activation of NF-kappaB following PGN induction. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ACL inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through multiple mechanisms and may be a novel and effective anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeri Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, BK21 Graduate Program for Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mukherjee PK, Kumar V, Mal M, Houghton PJ. In vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the essential oil from Acorus calamus and its main constituents. Planta Med 2007; 73:283-5. [PMID: 17286241 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-967114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory potential of the hydroalcoholic extract and of the essential oil from Acorus calamus (AC) rhizomes and that of its major constituents were evaluated based on the Ellman's method. GC/MS analysis of the oil revealed that the major constituents were beta-asarone (79.54%) and alpha-asarone (8.47%). The IC50 values were obtained for the hydroalcoholic extract, the essential oil, beta-asarone and alpha-asarone and were 182.31+/-16.78 microg/mL, 10.67+/-0.81 microg/mL, 3.33+/-0.02 microM and 46.38+/-2.69 microM, respectively. Physostigmine was used as standard inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.28+/-0.015 microM. The experimental observations revealed that the AC essential oil and its constituents have significant AChE inhibitory potential. beta-Asarone, the major phytoconstituent present in the essential oil, showed the maximum inhibitory potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pulok Kumar Mukherjee
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
[Anticonvulsive from calmus root?]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2005; 94:1047. [PMID: 15997722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
|
34
|
Koo BS, Park KS, Ha JH, Park JH, Lim JC, Lee DU. Inhibitory effects of the fragrance inhalation of essential oil from Acorus gramineus on central nervous system. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:978-82. [PMID: 12843622 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate central inhibitory effects of the essential oil from Acori graminei Rhizoma (AGR), the dry rhizomes of Acorus gramineus SOLANDER (Araceae) upon fragrance inhalation (aroma therapy). Preinhalation of the oil markedly delayed the appearance of pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsion. Furthermore, inhalation impressively inhibited the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase, a degrading enzyme for GABA as the inhalation period was lengthened. The GABA level was significantly increased and glutamate content was significantly decreased in mouse brain by preinhalation of the essential oil. The above results suggest that the anticonvulsive effect of this AGR oil is originated by the enhancement of GABA level in the mouse brain, because convulsion depends partially on GABA concentration which can be properly preserved by inhibiting GABA transaminase. Moreover, fragrance inhalation progressively prolonged the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time as inhalation time was lengthened. Ten hour inhalation corresponded almost to the effect (145% increase) of oral administration (60 mg/kg). This sedative effect after inhalation or oral administration of AGR essential oil suggests that this oil may act on the CNS via the GABAergic system. The inhibitory activity of preinhalation of the essential oil on lipid peroxidation, to which the anticonvulsive action is attributed, also supported the above results, confirming and amplifying our previous reports on the CNS inhibitory effects of AGR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Soo Koo
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
The rhizomes of Acorus calamus are empirically used in the treatment of a wide variety of human diseases. Administration of the 50% ethanolic extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) as well as saponins (10 mg/kg) isolated from the extract demonstrated significant hypolipidemic activity. On the contrary, the aqueous extract showed hypolipidemic activity only at a dose of 200 mg/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reshma S Parab
- CU Shah College of Pharmacy, SNDT Women's University, Santacruz (West), Mumbai 400 049, Maharashtra, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shukla PK, Khanna VK, Ali MM, Maurya RR, Handa SS, Srimal RC. Protective effect of acorus calamus against acrylamide induced neurotoxicity. Phytother Res 2002; 16:256-60. [PMID: 12164272 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of rats to acrylamide (ACR) caused hind limb paralysis in 58% of the animals on day 10 and decreased behavioural parameters, namely distance travelled, ambulatory time, stereotypic time and basal stereotypic movements compared with the control group. These rats also had a decrease in the reduced glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in the corpus striatum and an increase in striatal dopamine receptors, as evident by an increase in the binding of 3H-spiperone to striatal membranes. Treatment with the ethanol:water (1:1) extract of the rhizomes of Acorus calamus (AC-002) increased the GSH content and GST activity in the corpus striatum while insignificant changes were observed in other parameters. Rats treated with ACR and AC-002 in combination had a lower incidence of paralysis (18%) compared with those treated with ACR alone on day 10 of the experiment. The rats also showed a partial recovery in other behavioural parameters. The levels of GSH content and GST activity increased in the corpus striatum, while the dopamine receptors decreased compared with the ACR treated rats. The results suggest that the neurobehavioural changes produced by ACR may be prevented following treatment with Acorus calamus rhizomes.
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Abstract
In the Ayurvedic system of medicine, the roots and rhizomes of an indigenous Indian plant Acorus calamus are used together with the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina for treating many mental ailments. The influence of asarone and beta-asarone (the trans and cis forms of 2,4,5-trimethoxy-1-propenyl benzene), two active principles of Acorus calamus, when given alone and together with either reserpine or chlorpromazine, has been studied on the conditioned avoidance response of trained rats, on the fighting behaviour of paired mice subjected to mild foot shock and on electro-convulsions. Except for electro-convulsions, asarone in small doses potentiates the effects of reserpine and of chlorpromazine; beta-asarone has no such effect. Estimation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine content of rat brain showed that neither acorus oil nor its active principles increase the concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine; nor do these compounds cause an additional decrease in the 5-hydroxytryptamine content of the brains of animals treated with reserpine. It is concluded that the potentiating effect of these principles is unrelated to 5-hydroxytryptamine concentration. In experiments using electro-convulsions, asarone increased the percentage mortality of animals treated with chlorpromazine but not of those treated with reserpine.
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
MALHOTRA CL, DAS PK, DHALLA NS. Investigations on the mechanism of potentiation of barbiturate hypnosis by hersaponin, acorus oil, reserpine and chlorpromazine. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1962; 138:537-47. [PMID: 13932508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
|
41
|
DAS PK, MALHOTRA CL, DHALLA NS. Spasmolytic activity of asarone and essential oil of Acorus calamus, Linn. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1962; 135:167-77. [PMID: 13883628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
|
42
|
DANDIYA PC, SHARMA JD. Studies on Acorus calamus. V. Pharmacological actions of asarone and beta-asarone on central nervous system. Indian J Med Res 1962; 50:46-60. [PMID: 13883358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
|
43
|
SHARMA JD, DANDIYA PC. Studies on Acorus calamus. VI. Pharmacological actions of asarone and beta-asarone on cardiovascular system and smooth muscles. Indian J Med Res 1962; 50:61-5. [PMID: 13911365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
|
44
|
MADAN BR, ARORA RB, KAPILA K. Anticonvulsant, antiveratrinic and antiarrhythmic actions of Acorus calamus Linn.--an Indian indigenous drug. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1960; 124:201-11. [PMID: 14419654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
|
45
|
DANDIYA PC, CULLUMBINE H, SELLERS EA. Studies on Acorus calamus. IV. Investigations on mechanism of action in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1959; 126:334-7. [PMID: 13813938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
|
46
|
DANDIYA PC, CULLUMBINE H. Studies on Acorus calamus (III); some pharmacological actions of the volatile oil. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1959; 125:353-9. [PMID: 13642279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
|
47
|
CHOPRA IC, KHAJURIA BN, CHOPRA CL. Antibacterial properties of volatile principles from Alpinia galanga and Acorus calamus. Antibiot Chemother (Northfield) 1957; 7:378-383. [PMID: 24544484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
|
48
|
ROCCHIETTA S. [Indian drugs with antibacterial action: Alpina galanga & Acorus calamus]. Minerva Farm 1957; 6:177. [PMID: 13493119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
49
|
AGARWAL SL, ARORA RB, DANDIYA PC, SINGH KP. A note on the preliminary studies of certain pharmacological actions of Acorus calamus L. J Am Pharm Assoc Am Pharm Assoc 1956; 45:655-6. [PMID: 13357378 DOI: 10.1002/jps.3030450921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
50
|
BOROWSKI J. [Effect of decoction of rhizoma of Acorus calomus on secretory function]. Pol Tyg Lek (Wars) 1955; 10:1533-5. [PMID: 13289479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|