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Li A, Lin J, Zeng Z, Deng Z, Tan J, Chen X, Ding G, Zhu M, Xu B, Atkinson RG, Nieuwenhuizen NJ, Ampomah-Dwamena C, Cheng Y, Deng X, Zeng Y. The kiwifruit amyloplast proteome (kfALP): a resource to better understand the mechanisms underlying amyloplast biogenesis and differentiation. Plant J 2024; 118:565-583. [PMID: 38159243 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The biogenesis and differentiation (B&D) of amyloplasts contributes to fruit flavor and color. Here, remodeling of starch granules, thylakoids and plastoglobules was observed during development and ripening in two kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) cultivars - yellow-fleshed 'Hort16A' and green-fleshed 'Hayward'. A protocol was developed to purify starch-containing plastids with a high degree of intactness, and amyloplast B&D was studied using label-free-based quantitative proteomic analyses in both cultivars. Over 3000 amyloplast-localized proteins were identified, of which >98% were quantified and defined as the kfALP (kiwifruit amyloplast proteome). The kfALP data were validated by Tandem-Mass-Tag (TMT) labeled proteomics in 'Hort16A'. Analysis of the proteomic data across development and ripening revealed: 1) a conserved increase in the abundance of proteins participating in starch synthesis/degradation during both amyloplast B&D; 2) up-regulation of proteins for chlorophyll degradation and of plastoglobule-localized proteins associated with chloroplast breakdown and plastoglobule formation during amyloplast differentiation; 3) constitutive expression of proteins involved in ATP supply and protein import during amyloplast B&D. Interestingly, two different pathways of amyloplast B&D were observed in the two cultivars. In 'Hayward', significant increases in abundance of photosynthetic- and tetrapyrrole metabolism-related proteins were observed, but the opposite trend was observed in 'Hort16A'. In conclusion, analysis of the kfALP provides new insights into the potential mechanisms underlying amyloplast B&D with relevance to key fruit quality traits in contrasting kiwifruit cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Lin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhebin Zeng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jinjuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Gang Ding
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Man Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ross G Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag, Auckland, 92169, New Zealand
| | - Niels J Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag, Auckland, 92169, New Zealand
| | - Charles Ampomah-Dwamena
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag, Auckland, 92169, New Zealand
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
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2
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Fu C, Han C, Wei Y, Liu D, Han Y. Two NAC transcription factors regulated fruit softening through activating xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes during kiwifruit ripening. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130678. [PMID: 38458276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Kiwifruit is a climacteric fruit that is prone to ripening and softening. Understanding molecular regulatory mechanism of kiwifruit softening, is helpful to ensure long-term storage of fruit. In the study, two NAC TFs and two XTH genes were isolated from kiwifruit. Phylogenetic tree showed that both AcNAC1 and AcNAC2 belonged to NAP subfamily, AcXTH1 belong to I subfamily, and AcXTH2 belong to III subfamily. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that AcNAC1 and AcNAC2 possessed similar three-dimensional structural, and belonged to hydrophilic proteins. AcXTH1 and AcXTH2 were hydrophilic proteins and contained signal peptides. AcXTH1 had a transmembrane structure, but AcXTH2 did not. qRT-PCR results showed that AcNAC1, AcNAC2, AcXTH1 and AcXTH2 were increased during kiwifruit ripening. Correlation analysis showed that kiwifruit softening was closely related to endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes and NAC TFs, as well as there was also a close relationship between AcXTHs and AcNACs. Moreover, both AcNAC1 and AcNAC2 were transcriptional activators located in nucleus, which bound to and activated the promoters of AcXTH1 and AcXTH2. In shortly, we proved that the roles of NAC TFs in mediating fruit softening during kiwifruit ripening. Altogether, our results clarified that AcNAC1 and AcNAC2 were transcriptional activators, and took part in kiwifruit ripening and softening through activating endotransglucosylase/hydrolase genes, providing a new insight of fruit softening network in kiwifruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Fu
- Key laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Chao Han
- Key laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Yunxiao Wei
- Key laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Yanchao Han
- Food Science Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
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3
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Li T, Shen T, Shi K, Zhang Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals the effect of propyl gallate on kiwifruit callus formation. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:60. [PMID: 38334781 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Exploring the potential action mechanisms of reactive oxygen species during the callus inducing, they can activate specific metabolic pathways in explants to regulate callus development. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development, but the mechanism of their action on plant callus formation remains to be elucidated. To address this question, kiwifruit was selected as the explant for callus induction, and the influence of ROS on callus formation was investigated by introducing propyl gallate (PG) as an antioxidant into the medium used for inducing callus. The results have unveiled that the inclusion of PG in the medium has disturbed the equilibrium of ROS during the formation of the kiwifruit callus. We selected the callus that was induced by the addition of 0.05 mmol/L PG to the MS medium. The callus exhibited a significant difference in the amount compared to the control medium without PG. The callus induced by the MS medium without PG was used as the control for comparison. KEGG enrichment indicated that PG exposure resulted in significant differences in gene expression in related pathways, such as phytohormone signaling and glutathione in kiwifruit callus. Weighted gene co-expression analysis indicated that the pertinent regulatory networks of both ROS and phytohormone signaling were critical for the establishment of callus in kiwifruit leaves. In addition, during the process of callus establishment, the ROS level of the explants was also closely related to the genes for transmembrane transport of substances, cell wall formation, and plant organ establishment. This investigation expands the theory of ROS-regulated callus formation and presents a new concept for the expeditious propagation of callus in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Tin Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Kai Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, 650500, China.
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4
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Yuan P, Shen W, Yang L, Tang J, He K, Xu H, Bu F. Physiological and transcriptional analyses reveal the resistance mechanisms of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) mutant with enhanced heat tolerance. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 207:108331. [PMID: 38181641 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
High temperature is an environmental stressor that severely threatens plant growth, development, and yield. In this study, we obtained a kiwifruit mutant (MT) of 'Hongyang' (WT) through 60Co-γ irradiation. The MT possessed different leaf morphology and displayed prominently elevated heat tolerance compared to the WT genotype. When exposure to heat stress, the MT plants exhibited stabler photosynthetic capacity and accumulated less reactive oxygen species, along with enhanced antioxidant capacity and higher expression levels of related genes in comparison with the WT plants. Moreover, global transcriptome profiling indicated that an induction in genes related to stress-responsive, phytohormone signaling, and transcriptional regulatory pathways, which might contribute to the upgrade of thermotolerance in the MT genotype. Collectively, the significantly enhanced thermotolerance of MT might be mainly attributed to profitable leaf structure variations, improved photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities, as well as extensive transcriptome reprogram. These findings would be insightful in elucidating the sophisticated mechanisms of kiwifruit response to heat stress, and suggest the MT holds great potential for future kiwifruit improvement with enhanced heat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yuan
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wanqi Shen
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liying Yang
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiale Tang
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kejia He
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Fanwen Bu
- Hunan Horticulture Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan Province, China.
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5
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Chen M, Chen X, Guo Y, Liu N, Wang K, Gong P, Zhao Y, Cai L. Effect of in vitro digestion and fermentation of kiwifruit pomace polysaccharides on structural characteristics and human gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127141. [PMID: 37776924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit pomace is abundant in polysaccharides that exhibit diverse biological activities and prebiotic potential. This study delves into the digestive behavior and fermentation characteristics of kiwifruit pomace polysaccharides (KFP) through an in vitro simulated saliva-gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation. The results reveal that following simulated digestion of KFP, its molecular weight reduced by 4.7%, and the reducing sugar (CR) increased by 9.5%. However, the monosaccharide composition and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characteristics showed no significant changes, suggesting that KFP remained undigested. Furthermore, even after saliva-gastrointestinal digestion, KFP retained in vitro hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities. Subsequently, fecal fermentation significantly altered the physicochemical properties of indigestible KFP (KFPI), particularly leading to an 89.71% reduction in CR. This indicates that gut microbiota could decompose KFPI and metabolize it into SCFAs. Moreover, after 48 h of KFPI fecal fermentation, it was observed that KFPI contributed to maintaining the balance of gut microbiota by promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria like Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, while inhibiting the unfavorable bacteria like Bilophila. In summary, this study offers a comprehensive exploration of in vitro digestion and fecal fermentation characteristics of KFP, providing valuable insights for potential development of KFP as a prebiotic for promoting intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyin Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China.
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714000, China
| | - Ketang Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
| | - Yanni Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
| | - Luyang Cai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi 'an 710021, China
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6
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Jia D, Gao H, He Y, Liao G, Lin L, Huang C, Xu X. Kiwifruit Monodehydroascorbate Reductase 3 Gene Negatively Regulates the Accumulation of Ascorbic Acid in Fruit of Transgenic Tomato Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17182. [PMID: 38139009 PMCID: PMC10742914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid is a potent antioxidant and a crucial nutrient for plants and animals. The accumulation of ascorbic acid in plants is controlled by its biosynthesis, recycling, and degradation. Monodehydroascorbate reductase is deeply involved in the ascorbic acid cycle; however, the mechanism of monodehydroascorbate reductase genes in regulating kiwifruit ascorbic acid accumulation remains unclear. Here, we identified seven monodehydroascorbate reductase genes in the genome of kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha) and they were designated as AeMDHAR1 to AeMDHAR7, following their genome identifiers. We found that the relative expression level of AeMDHAR3 in fruit continued to decline during development. The over-expression of kiwifruit AeMDHAR3 in tomato plants improved monodehydroascorbate reductase activity, and, unexpectedly, ascorbic acid content decreased significantly in the fruit of the transgenic tomato lines. Ascorbate peroxidase activity also increased significantly in the transgenic lines. In addition, a total of 1781 differentially expressed genes were identified via transcriptomic analysis. Three kinds of ontologies were identified, and 106 KEGG pathways were significantly enriched for these differently expressed genes. Expression verification via quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed the reliability of the RNA-seq data. Furthermore, APX3, belonging to the ascorbate and aldarate metabolism pathway, was identified as a key candidate gene that may be primarily responsible for the decrease in ascorbic acid concentration in transgenic tomato fruits. The present study provides novel evidence to support the feedback regulation of ascorbic acid accumulation in the fruit of kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Jia
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (D.J.); (H.G.); (Y.H.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institute of Kiwifruit, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Huan Gao
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (D.J.); (H.G.); (Y.H.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institute of Kiwifruit, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yanqun He
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (D.J.); (H.G.); (Y.H.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institute of Kiwifruit, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Guanglian Liao
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (D.J.); (H.G.); (Y.H.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institute of Kiwifruit, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Liting Lin
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (D.J.); (H.G.); (Y.H.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institute of Kiwifruit, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chunhui Huang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (D.J.); (H.G.); (Y.H.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institute of Kiwifruit, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiaobiao Xu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (D.J.); (H.G.); (Y.H.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institute of Kiwifruit, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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7
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Zhang X, Zhang K, Guo Y, Lv X, Wu M, Deng H, Xie Y, Li M, Wang J, Lin L, Lv X, Xia H, Liang D. Methylation of AcGST1 Is Associated with Anthocyanin Accumulation in the Kiwifruit Outer Pericarp. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:18865-18876. [PMID: 38053505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Most red-fleshed kiwifruit cultivars, such as Hongyang, only accumulate anthocyanins in the inner pericarp; the trait of full red flesh becomes the goal pursued by breeders. In this study, we identified a mutant "H-16" showing a red color in both the inner and outer pericarps, and the underlying mechanism was explored. Through transcriptome analysis, a key differentially expressed gene AcGST1 was screened out, which was positively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in the outer pericarp. The result of McrBC-PCR and bisulfite sequencing revealed that the SG3 region (-292 to -597 bp) of AcGST1 promoter in "H-16" had a significantly lower CHH cytosine methylation level than that in Hongyang, accompanied by low expression of methyltransferase genes (MET1 and CMT2) and high expression of demethylase genes (ROS1 and DML1). Transient calli transformation confirmed that demethylase gene DML1 can activate transcription of AcGST1 to enhance its expression. Overexpression of AcGST1 enhanced the anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit flesh and leaves of the transgenic lines. These results suggested that a decrease in the methylation level of the AcGST1 promoter may contribute to accumulation of anthocyanin in the outer pericarp of "H-16".
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Meijing Wu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Honghong Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resources Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Mingzhang Li
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resources Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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8
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Jue DW, Sang XL, Li ZX, Zhang WL, Liao QH, Tang J. Determination of the effects of pre-harvest bagging treatment on kiwifruit appearance and quality via transcriptome and metabolome analyses. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113276. [PMID: 37803588 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Bagging is an effective cultivation strategy to produce attractive and pollution-free kiwifruit. However, the effect and metabolic regulatory mechanism of bagging treatment on kiwifruit quality remain unclear. In this study, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were conducted to determine the regulatory network of the differential metabolites and genes after bagging. Using outer and inner yellow single-layer fruit bags, we found that bagging treatment improved the appearance of kiwifruit, increased the soluble solid content (SSC) and carotenoid and anthocyanin levels, and decreased the chlorophyll levels. We also identified 41 differentially expressed metabolites and 897 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the bagged and control 'Hongyang' fruit. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that the increase in SSC after bagging treatment was mainly due to the increase in D-glucosamine metabolite levels and eight DEGs involved in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolic pathways. A decrease in glutamyl-tRNA reductase may be the main reason for the decrease in chlorophyll. Downregulation of lycopene epsilon cyclase and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase increased carotenoid levels. Additionally, an increase in the levels of the taxifolin-3'-O-glucoside metabolite, flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase, and some transcription factors led to the increase in anthocyanin levels. This study provides novel insights into the effects of bagging on the appearance and internal quality of kiwifruit and enriches our theoretical knowledge on the regulation of color pigment synthesis in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Wei Jue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China; Southwest University, College of Horticulture and Landscape, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xue-Lian Sang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China.
| | - Zhe-Xin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China
| | - Wen-Lin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China
| | - Qin-Hong Liao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China
| | - Jianmin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, China.
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Gu S, Han S, Abid M, Bai D, Lin M, Sun L, Qi X, Zhong Y, Fang J. A High-K + Affinity Transporter (HKT) from Actinidia valvata Is Involved in Salt Tolerance in Kiwifruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15737. [PMID: 37958739 PMCID: PMC10647804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion transport is crucial for salt tolerance in plants. Under salt stress, the high-affinity K+ transporter (HKT) family is mainly responsible for the long-distance transport of salt ions which help to reduce the deleterious effects of high concentrations of ions accumulated within plants. Kiwifruit is well known for its susceptibility to salt stress. Therefore, a current study was designed to decipher the molecular regulatory role of kiwifruit HKT members in the face of salt stress. The transcriptome data from Actinidia valvata revealed that salt stress significantly induced the expression of AvHKT1. A multiple sequence alignment analysis indicated that the AvHKT1 protein contains three conserved amino acid sites for the HKT family. According to subcellular localization analysis, the protein was primarily present in the cell membrane and nucleus. Additionally, we tested the AvHKT1 overexpression in 'Hongyang' kiwifruit, and the results showed that the transgenic lines exhibited less leaf damage and improved plant growth compared to the control plants. The transgenic lines displayed significantly higher SPAD and Fv/Fm values than the control plants. The MDA contents of transgenic lines were also lower than that of the control plants. Furthermore, the transgenic lines accumulated lower Na+ and K+ contents, proving this protein involvement in the transport of Na+ and K+ and classification as a type II HKT transporter. Further research showed that the peroxidase (POD) activity in the transgenic lines was significantly higher, indicating that the salt-induced overexpression of AvHKT1 also scavenged POD. The promoter of AvHKT1 contained phytohormone and abiotic stress-responsive cis-elements. In a nutshell, AvHKT1 improved kiwifruit tolerance to salinity by facilitating ion transport under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yunpeng Zhong
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (S.G.); (S.H.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (X.Q.)
| | - Jinbao Fang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (S.G.); (S.H.); (M.A.); (D.B.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (X.Q.)
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10
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Ling C, Liu Y, Yang Z, Xu J, Ouyang Z, Yang J, Wang S. Genome-Wide Identification of HSF Gene Family in Kiwifruit and the Function of AeHSFA2b in Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15638. [PMID: 37958622 PMCID: PMC10649126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) play a crucial role in regulating plant growth and response to various abiotic stresses. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the AeHSF gene family at genome-wide level in kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha), focusing on their functions in the response to abiotic stresses. A total of 41 AeHSF genes were identified and categorized into three primary groups, namely, HSFA, HSFB, and HSFC. Further transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of AeHSFA2b/2c and AeHSFB1c/1d/2c/3b was strongly induced by salt, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR assays. The overexpression of AeHSFA2b in Arabidopsis significantly improved the tolerance to salt stress by increasing AtRS5, AtGolS1 and AtGolS2 expression. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that AeHSFA2b could bind to the AeRFS4 promoter directly. Therefore, we speculated that AeHSFA2b may activate AeRFS4 expression by directly binding its promoter to enhance the kiwifruit's tolerance to salt stress. These results will provide a new insight into the evolutionary and functional mechanisms of AeHSF genes in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Songhu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
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11
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Yu X, Qin M, Qu M, Jiang Q, Guo S, Chen Z, Shen Y, Fu G, Fei Z, Huang H, Gao L, Yao X. Genomic analyses reveal dead-end hybridization between two deeply divergent kiwifruit species rather than homoploid hybrid speciation. Plant J 2023; 115:1528-1543. [PMID: 37258460 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of hybridization in evolution, the evolutionary consequence of homoploid hybridizations in plants remains poorly understood. Specially, homoploid hybridization events have been rarely documented due to a lack of genomic resources and methodological limitations. Actinidia zhejiangensis was suspected to have arisen from hybridization of Actinidia eriantha and Actinidia hemsleyana or Actinidia rufa. However, this species was very rare in nature and exhibited sympatric distribution with its potential parent species, which implied it might be a spontaneous hybrid of ongoing homoploid hybridization. Here, we illustrate the dead-end homoploid hybridization and genomic basis of isolating barriers between A. eriantha and A. hemsleyana through whole genome sequencing and population genomic analyses. Chromosome-scale genome assemblies of A. zhejiangensis and A. hemsleyana were generated. The chromosomes of A. zhejiangensis are confidently assigned to the two haplomes, and one of them originates from A. eriantha and the other originates from A. hemsleyana. Whole genome resequencing data reveal that A. zhejiangensis are mainly F1 hybrids of A. hemsleyana and A. eriantha and gene flow initiated about 0.98 million years ago, implying both strong genetic barriers and ongoing hybridization between these two deeply divergent kiwifruit species. Five inversions containing genes involved in pollen germination and pollen tube growth might account for the fertility breakdown of hybrids between A. hemsleyana and A. eriantha. Despite its distinct morphological traits and long recurrent hybrid origination, A. zhejiangensis does not initiate speciation. Collectively, our study provides new insights into homoploid hybridization in plants and provides genomic resources for evolutionary and functional genomic studies of kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Mengyun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sumin Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Zhenghai Chen
- Forest Resources Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310020, China
| | - Yufang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Guodong Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Hongwen Huang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332900, China
| | - Lei Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
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12
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Shu P, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Chen Y, Li K, Deng H, Zhang J, Zhang X, Wang J, Liu Z, Xie Y, Du K, Li M, Bouzayen M, Hong Y, Zhang Y, Liu M. A comprehensive metabolic map reveals major quality regulations in red-flesh kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis). New Phytol 2023; 238:2064-2079. [PMID: 36843264 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is one of the popular fruits world-wide, and its quality is mainly determined by key metabolites (sugars, flavonoids, and vitamins). Previous works on kiwifruit are mostly done via a single omics approach or involve only limited metabolites. Consequently, the dynamic metabolomes during kiwifruit development and ripening and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, using high-resolution metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses, we investigated kiwifruit metabolic landscapes at 11 different developmental and ripening stages and revealed a parallel classification of 515 metabolites and their co-expressed genes into 10 distinct metabolic vs gene modules (MM vs GM). Through integrative bioinformatics coupled with functional genomic assays, we constructed a global map and uncovered essential transcriptomic and transcriptional regulatory networks for all major metabolic changes that occurred throughout the kiwifruit growth cycle. Apart from known MM vs GM for metabolites such as soluble sugars, we identified novel transcription factors that regulate the accumulation of procyanidins, vitamin C, and other important metabolites. Our findings thus shed light on the kiwifruit metabolic regulatory network and provide a valuable resource for the designed improvement of kiwifruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Kunyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Kiwifruit in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, Sichuan, China
| | - Kui Du
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Kiwifruit in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingzhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Kiwifruit in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, Sichuan, China
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- GBF Laboratory, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, 31320, France
| | - Yiguo Hong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, WR2 6AJ, UK
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
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13
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Liu X, Bulley SM, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Zhong C, Li D. Kiwifruit bZIP transcription factor AcePosF21 elicits ascorbic acid biosynthesis during cold stress. Plant Physiol 2023; 192:982-999. [PMID: 36823691 PMCID: PMC10231468 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress seriously affects plant development, resulting in heavy agricultural losses. L-ascorbic acid (AsA, vitamin C) is an antioxidant implicated in abiotic stress tolerance and metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Understanding whether and how cold stress elicits AsA biosynthesis to reduce oxidative damage is important for developing cold-resistant plants. Here, we show that the accumulation of AsA in response to cold stress is a common mechanism conserved across the plant kingdom, from single-cell algae to angiosperms. We identified a basic leucine zipper domain (bZIP) transcription factor (TF) of kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha Benth.), AcePosF21, which was triggered by cold and is involved in the regulation of kiwifruit AsA biosynthesis and defense responses against cold stress. AcePosF21 interacted with the R2R3-MYB TF AceMYB102 and directly bound to the promoter of the gene encoding GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase 3 (AceGGP3), a key conduit for regulating AsA biosynthesis, to up-regulate AceGGP3 expression and produce more AsA, which neutralized the excess ROS induced by cold stress. On the contrary, VIGS or CRISPR-Cas9-mediated editing of AcePosF21 decreased AsA content and increased the generation of ROS in kiwifruit under cold stress. Taken together, we illustrated a model for the regulatory mechanism of AcePosF21-mediated regulation of AceGGP3 expression and AsA biosynthesis to reduce oxidative damage by cold stress, which provides valuable clues for manipulating the cold resistance of kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiufeng 1 Road, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sean M Bulley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Caihong Zhong
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiufeng 1 Road, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiufeng 1 Road, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
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14
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Chen L, Wen DQ, Shi GL, Sun D, Yin Y, Yu M, An WQ, Tang Q, Ai J, Han LJ, Yan CB, Sun YJ, Wang YP, Wang ZX, Fan DY. Different photoprotective strategies for white leaves between two co-occurring Actinidia species. Physiol Plant 2023; 175:e13880. [PMID: 36840627 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
At the outer canopy, the white leaves of Actinidia kolomikta can turn pink but they stay white in A. polygama. We hypothesized that the different leaf colors in the two Actinidia species may represent different photoprotection strategies. To test the hypothesis, leaf optical spectra, anatomy, chlorophyll a fluorescence, superoxide (O2 ˙- ) concentration, photosystem II photo-susceptibility, and expression of anthocyanin-related genes were investigated. On the adaxial side, light reflectance was the highest for white leaves of A. kolomikta, followed by its pink leaves and white leaves of A. polygama, and the absorptance for white leaves of A. kolomikta was the lowest. Chlorophyll and carotenoid content of white and pink leaves in A. kolomikta were significantly lower than those of A. polygama, while the relative anthocyanin content of pink leaves was the highest. Chloroplasts of palisade cells of white leaves in A. kolomikta were not well developed with a lower maximum quantum efficiency of PSII than the other types of leaves (pink leaves of A. kolomikta and white leaves of A. Polygama at the inner/outer canopy). After high light treatment from the abaxial surface, Fv /Fm decreased to a larger extent for white leaves of A. kolomikta than pink leaf and white leaves of A. polygama, and its non-photochemical quenching was also the lowest. White leaves of A. kolomikta showed higher O2 ˙- concentration compared to pink leaves under the same strong irradiance. The expression levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in pink leaves were higher than in white leaves. These results indicate that white leaves of A. kolomikta apply a reflection strategy for photoprotection, while pink leaves resist photoinhibition via anthocyanin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Laboratory of Wild Fruit Physiology, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Quan Wen
- Laboratory of Wild Fruit Physiology, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Li Shi
- Laboratory of Wild Fruit Physiology, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Sun
- Laboratory of Wild Fruit Physiology, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yin
- Plant Science Facility of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yu
- Laboratory of Wild Fruit Physiology, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qi An
- Laboratory of Wild Fruit Physiology, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Tang
- Laboratory of Wild Fruit Physiology, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ai
- Laboratory of Wild Fruit Physiology, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Han
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Bin Yan
- Laboratory of Wild Fruit Physiology, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Jing Sun
- Laboratory of Wild Fruit Physiology, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Peng Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- Laboratory of Wild Fruit Physiology, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Yong Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Han X, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Ma N, Liu X, Tao W, Lou Z, Zhong C, Deng XW, Li D, He H. Two haplotype-resolved, gap-free genome assemblies for Actinidia latifolia and Actinidia chinensis shed light on the regulatory mechanisms of vitamin C and sucrose metabolism in kiwifruit. Mol Plant 2023; 16:452-470. [PMID: 36588343 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit is a recently domesticated horticultural fruit crop with substantial economic and nutritional value, especially because of the high content of vitamin C in its fruit. In this study, we de novo assembled two telomere-to-telomere kiwifruit genomes from Actinidia chinensis var. 'Donghong' (DH) and Actinidia latifolia 'Kuoye' (KY), with total lengths of 608 327 852 and 640 561 626 bp for 29 chromosomes, respectively. With a burst of structural variants involving inversion, translocations, and duplications within 8.39 million years, the metabolite content of DH and KY exhibited differences in saccharides, lignans, and vitamins. A regulatory ERF098 transcription factor family has expanded in KY and Actinidia eriantha, both of which have ultra-high vitamin C content. With each assembly phased into two complete haplotypes, we identified allelic variations between two sets of haplotypes, leading to protein sequence variations in 26 494 and 27 773 gene loci and allele-specific expression of 4687 and 12 238 homozygous gene pairs. Synchronized metabolome and transcriptome changes during DH fruit development revealed the same dynamic patterns in expression levels and metabolite contents; free fatty acids and flavonols accumulated in the early stages, but sugar substances and amino acids accumulated in the late stages. The AcSWEET9b gene that exhibits allelic dominance was further identified to positively correlate with high sucrose content in fruit. Compared with wild varieties and other Actinidia species, AcSWEET9b promoters were selected in red-flesh kiwifruits that have increased fruit sucrose content, providing a possible explanation on why red-flesh kiwifruits are sweeter. Collectively, these two gap-free kiwifruit genomes provide a valuable genetic resource for investigating domestication mechanisms and genome-based breeding of kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong 261325, China; School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong 261325, China; School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ni Ma
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong 261325, China; School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhiying Lou
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Caihong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong 261325, China; School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Dawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Hang He
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Shandong 261325, China; School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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16
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Luo J, Abid M, Zhang Y, Cai X, Tu J, Gao P, Wang Z, Huang H. Genome-Wide Identification of Kiwifruit SGR Family Members and Functional Characterization of SGR2 Protein for Chlorophyll Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031993. [PMID: 36768313 PMCID: PMC9917040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The STAY-GREEN (SGR) proteins play an important role in chlorophyll (Chl) degradation and are closely related to plant photosynthesis. However, the availability of inadequate studies on SGR motivated us to conduct a comprehensive study on the identification and functional dissection of SGR superfamily members in kiwifruit. Here, we identified five SGR genes for each of the kiwifruit species [Actinidia chinensis (Ac) and Actinidia eriantha (Ae)]. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the kiwifruit SGR superfamily members were divided into two subfamilies the SGR subfamily and the SGRL subfamily. The results of transcriptome data and RT-qPCR showed that the expression of the kiwifruit SGRs was closely related to light and plant developmental stages (regulated by plant growth regulators), which were further supported by the presence of light and the plant hormone-responsive cis-regulatory element in the promoter region. The subcellular localization analysis of the AcSGR2 protein confirmed its localization in the chloroplast. The Fv/Fm, SPAD value, and Chl contents were decreased in overexpressed AcSGR2, but varied in different cultivars of A. chinensis. The sequence analysis showed significant differences within AcSGR2 proteins. Our findings provide valuable insights into the characteristics and evolutionary patterns of SGR genes in kiwifruit, and shall assist kiwifruit breeders to enhance cultivar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luo
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jing Tu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Puxin Gao
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
| | - Zupeng Wang
- Engineering Laboratory for Kiwifruit Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Hongwen Huang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (H.H.)
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17
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Xiong Y, He J, Li M, Du K, Lang H, Gao P, Xie Y. Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveals the Mechanism of Color Formation in Yellow-Fleshed Kiwifruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021573. [PMID: 36675098 PMCID: PMC9867141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During the development of yellow-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis), the flesh appeared light pink at the initial stage, the pink faded at the fastest growth stage, and gradually changed into green. At the maturity stage, it showed bright yellow. In order to analyze the mechanism of flesh color change at the metabolic and gene transcription level, the relationship between color and changes of metabolites and key enzyme genes was studied. In this study, five time points (20 d, 58 d, 97 d, 136 d, and 175 d) of yellow-fleshed kiwifruit were used for flavonoid metabolites detection and transcriptome, and four time points (20 d, 97 d, 136 d, and 175 d) were used for targeted detection of carotenoids. Through the analysis of the content changes of flavonoid metabolites, it was found that the accumulation of pelargonidin and cyanidin and their respective anthocyanin derivatives was related to the pink flesh of young fruit, but not to delphinidin and its derivative anthocyanins. A total of 140 flavonoid compounds were detected in the flesh, among which anthocyanin and 76% of the flavonoid compounds had the highest content at 20 d, and began to decrease significantly at 58 d until 175 d, resulting in the pale-pink fading of the flesh. At the mature stage of fruit development (175 d), the degradation of chlorophyll and the increase of carotenoids jointly led to the change of flesh color from green to yellow, in addition to chlorophyll degradation. In kiwifruit flesh, 10 carotenoids were detected, with none of them being linear carotenoids. During the whole development process of kiwifruit, the content of β-carotene was always higher than that of α-carotene. In addition, β-cryptoxanthin was the most-accumulated pigment in the kiwifruit at 175 d. Through transcriptome analysis of kiwifruit flesh, seven key transcription factors for flavonoid biosynthesis and ten key transcription factors for carotenoid synthesis were screened. This study was the first to analyze the effect of flavonoid accumulation on the pink color of yellow-fleshed kiwifruit. The high proportion of β-cryptoxanthin in yellow-fleshed kiwifruit was preliminarily found. This provides information on metabolite accumulation for further revealing the pink color of yellow-fleshed kiwifruit, and also provides a new direction for the study of carotenoid biosynthesis and regulation in yellow-fleshed kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junya He
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mingzhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Kiwifruit in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kui Du
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Kiwifruit in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hangyu Lang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Kiwifruit in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610065, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Zhang L, Tang Z, Zheng H, Zhong C, Zhang Q. Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolome and Transcriptome in Fruits and Roots of Kiwifruit. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021299. [PMID: 36674815 PMCID: PMC9861564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) roots instead of fruits are widely used as Chinese medicine, but the functional metabolites remain unclear. In this study, we conducted comparative metabolome analysis between root and fruit in kiwifruit. A total of 410 metabolites were identified in the fruit and root tissues, and of them, 135 metabolites were annotated according to the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Moreover, 54 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were shared in root and fruit, with 17 DEMs involved in the flavonoid pathway. Of the 17 DEMs, three flavonols (kaempferol-3-rhamnoside, L-Epicatechin and trifolin) and one dihydrochalcone (phloretin) showed the highest differences in the content level, suggesting that flavonols and dihydrochalcones may act as functional components in kiwifruit root. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes related to flavonols and dihydrochalcones were highly expressed in root. Moreover, two AP2 transcription factors (TFs), AcRAP2-4 and AcAP2-4, were highly expressed in root, while one bHLH TF AcbHLH62 showed extremely low expression in root. The expression profiles of these TFs were similar to those of the genes related to flavonols and dihydrochalcones, suggesting they are key candidate genes controlling the flavonoid accumulation in kiwifruit. Our results provided an insight into the functional metabolites and their regulatory mechanism in kiwifruit root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhengmin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Caihong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Kiwifruit Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Kiwifruit Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Q.Z.)
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19
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Herath D, Voogd C, Mayo‐Smith M, Yang B, Allan AC, Putterill J, Varkonyi‐Gasic E. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of kiwifruit BFT genes results in an evergrowing but not early flowering phenotype. Plant Biotechnol J 2022; 20:2064-2076. [PMID: 35796629 PMCID: PMC9616528 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) genes regulate flowering and architecture in many plant species. Here, we study kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis, Ac) PEBP genes with homology to BROTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (BFT). CRISPR-Cas9 was used to target AcBFT genes in wild-type and fast-flowering kiwifruit backgrounds. The editing construct was designed to preferentially target AcBFT2, whose expression is elevated in dormant buds. Acbft lines displayed an evergrowing phenotype and increased branching, while control plants established winter dormancy. The evergrowing phenotype, encompassing delayed budset and advanced budbreak after defoliation, was identified in multiple independent lines with edits in both alleles of AcBFT2. RNA-seq analyses conducted using buds from gene-edited and control lines indicated that Acbft evergrowing plants had a transcriptome similar to that of actively growing wild-type plants, rather than dormant controls. Mutations in both alleles of AcBFT2 did not promote flowering in wild-type or affect flowering time, morphology and fertility in fast-flowering transgenic kiwifruit. In summary, editing of AcBFT2 has the potential to reduce plant dormancy with no adverse effect on flowering, giving rise to cultivars better suited for a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinum Herath
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt AlbertAucklandNew Zealand
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Charlotte Voogd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt AlbertAucklandNew Zealand
| | | | - Bo Yang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt AlbertAucklandNew Zealand
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt AlbertAucklandNew Zealand
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Joanna Putterill
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi‐Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt AlbertAucklandNew Zealand
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20
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Liu L, He L, Wei W, Zhou M, He B, He J. [Unsaturated fatty acid of Actinidia chinesis planch seed oil protects against pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting collagen synthesis via down-regulating connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in rats]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 38:1011-1017. [PMID: 36328432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective To observe the role of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and collagen synthesis in anti-pulmonary fibrosis (PF) by Kiwi fruit essence(unsaturated fatty acid of actinidia chinesis planch seed oil)in rats. Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, Kiwi fruit essence (60, 120, 240 mg/kg) treatment groups, and 5 mg/kg prednisone acetate group, with 10 animals in each group. Rats in control group were intratracheally administered with 9 g/L sodium chloride solution, and animals in other groups were intratracheally administered with bleomycin A5 to establish PF model. From the second day on, rats in the latter 4 groups were intragastrically treated with Kiwi fruit essence of 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg and prednisone acetate of 5 mg/kg, respectively. Rats in control and model groups were treated with 9 g/L sodium chloride solution once a day. All rats were sacrificed on day 28, and then pulmonary tissues were removed. The extent of PF lesions were evaluated using HE and Masson staining. The contents of hydroxyproline (HYP) were measured by a commercial kit. The mRNA expressions of CTGF and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in pulmonary tissues was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein expressions of CTGF, α-SMA, collagen type 1 (Col1) and Col3 were measured by Western blotting. The protein levels of CTGF were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared with the model group, the alveolitis and PF extent in 60, 120, 240 mg/kg Kiwi fruit essence treatment groups as well as 5 mg/kg prednisone acetate group were significantly alleviated, and the content of HYP and the expression of CTGF, α-SMA, Col1 and Col3 decreased. The changes of above indicators were dose-dependent among the (60, 120, 240) mg/kg Kiwi fruit essence treatment groups. Moreover, the above indicators were found higher in (60, 120) mg/kg Kiwi fruit essence treatment groups than those in 5 mg/kg prednisone acetate group, which, however, showed no significantly difference between 240 mg/kg Kiwi fruit essence treatment group and 5 mg/kg prednisone acetate group. Conclusion Kiwi fruit essence down-regulates CTGF expression and decreases the levels of α-SMA, leading to inhibition of Col1 and Col3 synthesis and alleviation of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Liu
- School of Medicine, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha 410014; School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Liyang He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Wenjie Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Bin He
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Jianbin He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua 418000, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
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21
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Niu B, Li Q, Fan L, Shi X, Liu Y, Zhuang Q, Qin X. De Novo Assembly of a Sarcocarp Transcriptome Set Identifies AaMYB1 as a Regulator of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Actinidia arguta var. purpurea. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012120. [PMID: 36292977 PMCID: PMC9603036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta var. purpurea) produces oval shaped fruits containing a slightly green or mauve outer exocarp and a purple-flesh endocarp with rows of tiny black seeds. The flesh color of the fruit results from a range of anthocyanin compounds, and is an important trait for kiwifruit consumers. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis of the sarcocarp during A. arguta fruit development, de novo assembly and transcriptomic profile analyses were performed. Based on significant Gene Ontology (GO) biological terms, differentially expressed genes were identified in flavonoid biosynthetic and metabolic processes, pigment biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolic processes, and amino acid metabolic processes. The genes closely related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), displayed significant up-regulation during fruit development according to the transcriptomic data, which was further confirmed by qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, a series of transcription factor genes were identified among the DEGs. Through a correlation analysis. AaMYB1 was found to be significantly correlated with key genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis, especially with CHS. Through a transient expression assay, AaMYB1 induced anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco leaves. These data provide an important basis for exploring the related mechanisms of sarcocarp anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. arguta. This study will provide a strong foundation for functional studies on A. arguta and will facilitate improved breeding of A. arguta fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Qiaohong Li
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Qiguo Zhuang
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Xiaobo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Correspondence:
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22
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Martin H, Simpson RM, Seal A, Chen R, Hedderley D. Actinidin diversity: discovery of common and selective substrates for actinidin isoforms and Actinidia cultivars. Anal Methods 2022; 14:3552-3561. [PMID: 36039658 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01007k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The actinidin proteinase family has a striking sequence diversity; isoelectric points range from 3.9 to 9.3. The biological drive for this variation is thought to be actinidin's role as a defense-related protein. In this study we map mutations in the primary sequence onto the 3D structure of the protein and show that the region with the highest diversity is close to the substrate binding groove. Non-conservative substitutions in the active site determine substrate preference and therefore create problems for quantification of actinidin activity. Here we use a peptide substrate library to compare two actinidin isoforms, one from the kiwiberry cultivar 'Hortgem Tahi' (Actinidia arguta), and the other from the familiar kiwifruit cultivar 'Hayward' (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa). Among 360 octamer substrates we find one substrate (RVAAGSPI) with the useful property of being readily cleaved by all the functionally active actinidins in a set of A. arguta and A. chinensis var. deliciosa isoforms. In addition, we find that two substrates (LPPKSQPP & ILRDKDNT) have the ability to differentiate different isoforms from a single fruit. We compare actinidins from 'Hayward' and A. arguta for their ability to digest the allergenic gluten peptide (PFPQPQLPY) but find the peptide to be indigestible by all sources of actinidin. The ability to inactivate salivary amylase is shown to be a common trait in Actinidia cultivars due to proteolysis by actinidin and is particularly strong in 'Hortgem Tahi'. A mixture of 10% 'Hortgem Tahi' extract with 90% saliva inactivates 100% of amylase activity within 5 minutes. Conceivably, 'Hortgem Tahi' might lower the glycaemic response in a meal rich in cooked starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Martin
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Batchelar Road, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
| | - Robert M Simpson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Batchelar Road, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
| | - Alan Seal
- Kiwifruit Breeding Centre (previously The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited), Te Puke, New Zealand
| | - Ronan Chen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Batchelar Road, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
| | - Duncan Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Batchelar Road, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand.
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23
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Jia H, Tao J, Zhong W, Jiao X, Chen S, Wu M, Gao Z, Huang C. Nutritional Component Analyses in Different Varieties of Actinidia eriantha Kiwifruit by Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810217. [PMID: 36142128 PMCID: PMC9499367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinidia eriantha is a unique germplasm resource for kiwifruit breeding. Genetic diversity and nutrient content need to be evaluated prior to breeding. In this study, we looked at the metabolites of three elite A. eriantha varieties (MM-11, MM-13 and MM-16) selected from natural individuals by using a UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach and transcriptome, with a total of 417 metabolites identified. The biosynthesis and metabolism of phenolic acid, flavonoids, sugars, organic acid and AsA in A. eriantha fruit were further analyzed. The phenolic compounds accounted for 32.37% of the total metabolites, including 48 phenolic acids, 60 flavonoids, 7 tannins and 20 lignans and coumarins. Correlation analysis of metabolites and transcripts showed PAL (DTZ79_15g06470), 4CL (DTZ79_26g05660 and DTZ79_29g0271), CAD (DTZ79_06g11810), COMT (DTZ79_14g02670) and FLS (DTZ79_23g14660) correlated with polyphenols. There are twenty-three metabolites belonging to sugars, the majority being sucrose, glucose arabinose and melibiose. The starch biosynthesis-related genes (AeglgC, AeglgA and AeGEB1) were expressed at lower levels compared with metabolism-related genes (AeamyA and AeamyB) in three mature fruits of three varieties, indicating that starch was converted to soluble sugar during fruit maturation, and the expression level of SUS (DTZ79_23g00730) and TPS (DTZ79_18g05470) was correlated with trehalose 6-phosphate. The main organic acids in A. eriantha fruit are citric acid, quinic acid, succinic acid and D-xylonic acid. Correlation analysis of metabolites and transcripts showed ACO (DTZ79_17g07470) was highly correlated with citric acid, CS (DTZ79_17g00890) with oxaloacetic acid, and MDH1 (DTZ79_23g14440) with malic acid. Based on the gene expression, the metabolism of AsA acid was primarily through the L-galactose pathway, and the expression level of GMP (DTZ79_24g08440) and MDHAR (DTZ79_27g01630) highly correlated with L-Ascorbic acid. Our study provides additional evidence for the correlation between the genes and metabolites involved in phenolic acid, flavonoids, sugars, organic acid and AsA synthesis and will help to accelerate the kiwifruit molecular breeding approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Jia
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Institute of Kiwifruit, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Junjie Tao
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Institute of Kiwifruit, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenqi Zhong
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Institute of Kiwifruit, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xudong Jiao
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Institute of Kiwifruit, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Institute of Kiwifruit, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Institute of Kiwifruit, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhongshan Gao
- Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunhui Huang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Institute of Kiwifruit, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence:
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24
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Yang J, Ling C, Liu Y, Zhang H, Hussain Q, Lyu S, Wang S, Liu Y. Genome-Wide Expression Profiling Analysis of Kiwifruit GolS and RFS Genes and Identification of AcRFS4 Function in Raffinose Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168836. [PMID: 36012101 PMCID: PMC9408211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The raffinose synthetase (RFS) and galactinol synthase (GolS) are two critical enzymes for raffinose biosynthesis, which play an important role in modulating plant growth and in response to a variety of biotic or abiotic stresses. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the RFS and GolS gene families and their involvement in abiotic and biotic stresses responses at the genome-wide scale in kiwifruit. A total of 22 GolS and 24 RFS genes were identified in Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia eriantha genomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GolS and RFS genes were clustered into four and six groups, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that abiotic stresses strongly induced some crucial genes members including AcGolS1/2/4/8 and AcRFS2/4/8/11 and their expression levels were further confirmed by qRT-PCR. The GUS staining of AcRFS4Pro::GUS transgenic plants revealed that the transcriptionlevel of AcRFS4 was significantly increased by salt stress. Overexpression of AcRFS4 in Arabidopsis demonstrated that this gene enhanced the raffinose accumulation and the tolerance to salt stress. The co-expression networks analysis of hub transcription factors targeting key AcRFS4 genes indicated that there was a strong correlation between AcNAC30 and AcRFS4 expression under salt stress. Furthermore, the yeast one-hybrid assays showed that AcNAC30 could bind the AcRFS4 promoter directly. These results may provide insights into the evolutionary and functional mechanisms of GolS and RFS genes in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 350002, China
| | - Chengcheng Ling
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 350002, China
| | - Yunyan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 350002, China
| | - Huamin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 350002, China
| | - Quaid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shiheng Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Songhu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 350002, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 350002, China
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (Y.L.)
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25
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Wang WQ, Moss SMA, Zeng L, Espley RV, Wang T, Lin-Wang K, Fu BL, Schwinn KE, Allan AC, Yin XR. The red flesh of kiwifruit is differentially controlled by specific activation-repression systems. New Phytol 2022; 235:630-645. [PMID: 35348217 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are visual cues for pollination and seed dispersal. Fruit containing anthocyanins also appeals to consumers due to its appearance and health benefits. In kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) studies have identified at least two MYB activators of anthocyanin, but their functions in fruit and the mechanisms by which they act are not fully understood. Here, transcriptome and small RNA high-throughput sequencing were used to comprehensively identify contributors to anthocyanin accumulation in kiwifruit. Stable overexpression in vines showed that both 35S::MYB10 and MYB110 can upregulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Actinidia chinensis fruit, and that MYB10 overexpression resulted in anthocyanin accumulation which was limited to the inner pericarp, suggesting that repressive mechanisms underlie anthocyanin biosynthesis in this species. Furthermore, motifs in the C-terminal region of MYB10/110 were shown to be responsible for the strength of activation of the anthocyanic response. Transient assays showed that both MYB10 and MYB110 were not directly cleaved by miRNAs, but that miR828 and its phased small RNA AcTAS4-D4(-) efficiently targeted MYB110. Other miRNAs were identified, which were differentially expressed between the inner and outer pericarp, and cleavage of SPL13, ARF16, SCL6 and F-box1, all of which are repressors of MYB10, was observed. We conclude that it is the differential expression and subsequent repression of MYB activators that is responsible for variation in anthocyanin accumulation in kiwifruit species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiu Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sarah M A Moss
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Palmerston North, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Lihui Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tianchi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Bei-Ling Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kathy E Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Palmerston North, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Xue-Ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Lei D, Lin Y, Chen Q, Zhao B, Tang H, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Li M, He W, Luo Y, Wang X, Tang H, Zhang Y. Transcriptomic Analysis and the Effect of Maturity Stage on Fruit Quality Reveal the Importance of the L-Galactose Pathway in the Ascorbate Biosynthesis of Hardy Kiwifruit ( Actinidia arguta). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126816. [PMID: 35743259 PMCID: PMC9223753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) has recently become popular in fresh markets due to its edible skin and rich nutritional value. In the present study, different harvest stages of two A. arguta cultivars, ‘Issai’ and ‘Ananasnaya’ (“Ana”), were chosen for investigating the effects of maturity on the quality of the fruit. Interestingly, Issai contained 3.34 folds higher ascorbic acid (AsA) content than Ana. The HPLC method was used to determine the AsA content of the two varieties and revealed that Issai had the higher content of AsA and DHA. Moreover, RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of the transcriptome-based expression analysis showed that 30 differential genes for ascorbate metabolic pathways were screened in Issai compared to Ana, which had 16 genes down-regulated and 14 genes up-regulated, while compared to the up-regulation of 8 transcripts encoding the key enzymes involved in the L-galactose biosynthesis pathway. Our results suggested that AsA was synthesized mainly through the L-galactose pathway in hardy kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya Lei
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (H.T.)
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (H.T.)
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiyang Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
| | - Bing Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (H.T.)
| | - Honglan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (H.T.)
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (H.T.)
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (H.T.)
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (H.T.)
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (H.T.)
| | - Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (H.T.)
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (H.T.)
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (H.T.)
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (H.T.)
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (D.L.); (Y.L.); (B.Z.); (H.T.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (M.L.); (W.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Luo J, Abid M, Tu J, Gao P, Wang Z, Huang H. Genome-Wide Identification of the LHC Gene Family in Kiwifruit and Regulatory Role of AcLhcb3.1/3.2 for Chlorophyll a Content. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126528. [PMID: 35742967 PMCID: PMC9224368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein is a superfamily that plays a vital role in photosynthesis. However, the reported knowledge of LHCs in kiwifruit is inadequate and poorly understood. In this study, we identified 42 and 45 LHC genes in Actinidia chinensis (Ac) and A. eriantha (Ae) genomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the kiwifruit LHCs of both species were grouped into four subfamilies (Lhc, Lil, PsbS, and FCII). Expression profiles and qRT-PCR results revealed expression levels of LHC genes closely related to the light, temperature fluctuations, color changes during fruit ripening, and kiwifruit responses to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). Subcellular localization analysis showed that AcLhcb1.5/3.1/3.2 were localized in the chloroplast while transient overexpression of AcLhcb3.1/3.2 in tobacco leaves confirmed a significantly increased content of chlorophyll a. Our findings provide evidence of the characters and evolution patterns of kiwifruit LHCs genes in kiwifruit and verify the AcLhcb3.1/3.2 genes controlling the chlorophyll a content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luo
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (J.L.); (J.T.)
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China; (M.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China; (M.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Jing Tu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (J.L.); (J.T.)
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China; (M.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Puxing Gao
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China; (M.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Zupeng Wang
- Engineering Laboratory for Kiwifruit Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Hongwen Huang
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (J.L.); (J.T.)
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China; (M.A.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (H.H.)
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Liu X, Wu R, Bulley SM, Zhong C, Li D. Kiwifruit MYBS1-like and GBF3 transcription factors influence l-ascorbic acid biosynthesis by activating transcription of GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase 3. New Phytol 2022; 234:1782-1800. [PMID: 35288947 PMCID: PMC9325054 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived Vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid (AsA)) is crucial for human health and wellbeing and thus increasing AsA content is of interest to plant breeders. In plants GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) is a key biosynthetic control step and here evidence is presented for two new transcriptional activators of GGP. AsA measurement, transcriptomics, transient expression, hormone application, gene editing, yeast 1/2-hybrid, and electromobility shift assay (EMSA) methods were used to identify two positively regulating transcription factors. AceGGP3 was identified as the most highly expressed GGP in Actinidia eriantha fruit, which has high fruit AsA. A gene encoding a 1R-subtype myeloblastosis (MYB) protein, AceMYBS1, was found to bind the AceGGP3 promoter and activate its expression. Overexpression and gene-editing show AceMYBS1 effectively increases AsA accumulation. The bZIP transcription factor AceGBF3 (a G-box binding factor), also was shown to increase AsA content, and was confirmed to interact with AceMYBS1. Co-expression experiments showed that AceMYBS1 and AceGBF3 additively promoted AceGGP3 expression. Furthermore, AceMYBS1, but not GBF3, was repressed by abscisic acid, resulting in reduced AceGGP3 expression and accumulation of AsA. This study sheds new light on the roles of MYBS1 homologues and ABA in modulating AsA synthesis, and adds to the understanding of mechanisms underlying AsA accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesJiufeng 1 RoadWuhan430074HubeiChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Rongmei Wu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited120 Mt Albert Road, Mt AlbertAuckland1025New Zealand
| | - Sean M. Bulley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited412 No 1 Rd, RD2Te Puke3182New Zealand
| | - Caihong Zhong
- Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesJiufeng 1 RoadWuhan430074HubeiChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Dawei Li
- Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesJiufeng 1 RoadWuhan430074HubeiChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
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Liao G, Li Y, Wang H, Liu Q, Zhong M, Jia D, Huang C, Xu X. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling analysis of sucrose synthase (SUS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) genes family in Actinidia chinensis and A. eriantha. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:215. [PMID: 35468728 PMCID: PMC9040251 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose synthase (SUS) is a common sugar-base transfer enzyme in plants, and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is one of the major enzymes in higher plants that regulates sucrose synthesis. However, information of the SPS and SUS gene families in Actinidia, as well as their evolutionary and functional properties, is limited. According to the SPS and SUS proteins conserved domain of Arabidopsis thaliana, we found 6 SPS genes and 6 SUS genes from A. chinensis (cultivar: 'Hongyang'), and 3 SPS genes and 6 SUS genes from A. eriantha (cultivar: 'White'). The novel CDC50 conserved domains were discovered on AcSUS2, and all members of the gene family contain similar distinctive conserved domains. The majority of SUS and SPS proteins were hydrophilic, lipid-soluble enzymes that were expected to be found in the cytoplasm. The tertiary structure of SPS and SUS protein indicated that there were many tertiary structures in SPS, and there were windmill-type and spider-type tertiary structures in SUS. The phylogenetic tree was created using the neighbor-joining method, and members of the SPS and SUS gene families are grouped into three subgroups. Genes with comparable intron counts, conserved motifs, and phosphorylation sites were clustered together first. SPS and SUS were formed through replication among their own family members. AcSPS1, AcSPS2, AcSPS4, AcSPS5, AcSUS5, AcSUS6, AeSPS3, AeSUS3 and AeSUS4 were the important genes in regulating the synthesis and accumulation of sucrose for Actinidia during the fruit growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglian Liao
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang Jiangxi, P. R. China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yiqi Li
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Wang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhong
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Dongfeng Jia
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Huang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobiao Xu
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang Jiangxi, P. R. China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang Jiangxi, P. R. China
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30
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Chen Q, Shen P, Bock R, Li S, Zhang J. Comprehensive analysis of plastid gene expression during fruit development and ripening of kiwifruit. Plant Cell Rep 2022; 41:1103-1114. [PMID: 35226116 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global survey of plastid gene expression during fruit ripening in kiwifruit provides cis-elements for the future engineering of the plastid genome of kiwifruit. A limitation in the application of plastid biotechnology for molecular farming is the low-level expression of transgenes in non-green plastids compared with photosynthetically active chloroplasts. Unlike other fruits, not all chloroplasts are transformed into chromoplasts during ripening of red-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis cv. Hongyang) fruits, which may make kiwifruit an ideal horticultural plant for recombinant protein production by plastid engineering. To identify cis-elements potentially triggering high-level transgene expression in edible tissues of the 'Hongyang' kiwifruit, here we report a comprehensive analysis of kiwifruit plastid gene transcription in green leaves and fruits at three different developmental stages. While transcripts of a few photosynthesis-related genes and most genetic system genes were substantially upregulated in green fruits compared with leaves, nearly all plastid genes were significantly downregulated at the RNA level during fruit development. Expression of a few genes remained unchanged, including psbA, the gene encoding the D1 polypeptide of photosystem II. However, PsbA protein accumulation decreased continuously during chloroplast-to-chromoplast differentiation. Analysis of post-transcriptional steps in mRNA maturation, including intron splicing and RNA editing, revealed that splicing and editing may contribute to regulation of plastid gene expression. Altogether, 40 RNA editing sites were verified, and 5 of them were newly discovered. Taken together, this study has generated a valuable resource for the analysis of plastid gene expression and provides cis-elements for future efforts to engineer the plastid genome of kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Pan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Ralph Bock
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Voogd C, Brian LA, Wu R, Wang T, Allan AC, Varkonyi-Gasic E. A MADS-box gene with similarity to FLC is induced by cold and correlated with epigenetic changes to control budbreak in kiwifruit. New Phytologist 2022; 233:2111-2126. [PMID: 34907541 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperate perennials require exposure to chilling temperatures to resume growth in the following spring. Growth and dormancy cycles are controlled by complex genetic regulatory networks and are governed by epigenetic mechanisms, but the specific genes and mechanisms remain poorly understood. To understand how seasonal changes and chilling regulate dormancy and growth in the woody perennial vine kiwifruit (Ac, Actinidia chinensis), a transcriptome study of kiwifruit buds in the field and controlled conditions was performed. A MADS-box gene with homology to Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) was identified and characterized. Elevated expression of AcFLC-like (AcFLCL) was detected during bud dormancy and chilling. A long noncoding (lnc) antisense transcript with an expression pattern opposite to AcFLCL and shorter sense noncoding RNAs were identified. Chilling induced an increase in trimethylation of lysine-4 of histone H3 (H3K4me3) in the 5' end of the gene, indicating multiple layers of epigenetic regulation in response to cold. Overexpression of AcFLCL in kiwifruit gave rise to plants with earlier budbreak, whilst gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 resulted in transgenic lines with substantially delayed budbreak, suggesting a role in activation of growth. These results have implications for the future management and breeding of perennials for resilience to changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Voogd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lara A Brian
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rongmei Wu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tianchi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Sun N, Gao Z, Li S, Chen X, Guo J. Assessment of chemical constitution and aroma properties of kiwi wines obtained from pure and mixed fermentation with Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:175-184. [PMID: 34061382 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve the aroma of kiwi wine through the utilization of Wickerhamomyces anomalus, kiwi juice was fermented using a selected W. anomalus strain in pure culture and mixed fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which was inoculated simultaneously and sequentially. The physicochemical indices, volatile compounds and aroma properties of the kiwi wines were assessed. RESULTS The study suggested that the ethanol, color indices and organic acids of the wines were closely related to the method of inoculation. Compared with the pure S. cerevisiae fermentation, the mixed fermentations produced more varieties and concentrations of volatiles. The sequential fermentations increased the concentrations of esters and terpenes, improving the flower and sweet fruit notes of the wines. The simultaneous inoculation enhanced the contents of esters and aldehydes, intensifying the flower, sweet and sour fruit of the wines. Partial least-squares regression analysis showed that esters and terpenes contributed greatly to the flower and sweet fruit aroma, whereas aldehydes were the major contributors to the sour note. CONCLUSION Based on our results, the mixed fermentations not only enriched the types and concentrations of volatiles, but also had better sensory properties. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhiyi Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Liu J, Chen Y, Wang WQ, Liu JH, Zhu CQ, Zhong YP, Zhang HQ, Liu XF, Yin XR. Transcription factors AcERF74/75 respond to waterlogging stress and trigger alcoholic fermentation-related genes in kiwifruit. Plant Sci 2022; 314:111115. [PMID: 34895544 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit plants have a fleshy, shallow root system which is sensitive to waterlogging stress, which results in a decrease in crop yield or even plants death. Although the waterlogging stress responses in kiwifruit have attracted much attention, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, waterlogging led to drastic inhibition of root growth of 'Donghong' kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) plants grown in vitro, which was accompanied by significant elevation of endogenous acetaldehyde and ethanol contents. RNA-seq of roots of plants waterlogged for 0, 1 and 2 days revealed that a total of 149 genes were up- or down-regulated, including seven biosynthetic genes related to the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway and 10 transcription factors. Analyses with real-time PCR, dual-luciferase assays and EMSA demonstrated that AcERF74 and AcERF75, two members of the ERF-VII subfamily, directly upregulated AcADH1 (alcohol dehydrogenase). Moreover, the overexpression of AcERF74/75 in transgenic calli resulted in dramatic increase of endogenous ethanol contents through the triggering of AcADH1 and AcADH2 expression. Although the AcPDC2 (pyruvate decarboxylase) expression was also enhanced in transgenic lines, the endogenous acetaldehyde contents showed no significant changes. These results illustrated that AcERF74/75 are two transcriptional activators on alcoholic fermentation related genes and are responsive to waterlogging stress in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yue Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Wen-Qiu Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Chang-Qing Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yun-Peng Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Fruit Tree Growth, Development and Quality Control, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450009, PR China
| | - Hui-Qin Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Fen Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Xue-Ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
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Chen Y, Shu P, Wang R, Du X, Xie Y, Du K, Deng H, Li M, Zhang Y, Grierson D, Liu M. Ethylene response factor AcERF91 affects ascorbate metabolism via regulation of GDP-galactose phosphorylase encoding gene (AcGGP3) in kiwifruit. Plant Sci 2021; 313:111063. [PMID: 34763857 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit is known as 'the king of vitamin C' because of the high content of ascorbic acid (AsA) in the fruit. Deciphering the regulatory network and identification of the key regulators mediating AsA biosynthesis is vital for fruit nutrition and quality improvement. To date, however, the key transcription factors regulating AsA metabolism during kiwifruit developmental and ripening processes remains largely unknown. Here, we generated a putative transcriptional regulatory network mediating ascorbate metabolism by transcriptome co-expression analysis. Further studies identified an ethylene response factor AcERF91 from this regulatory network, which is highly co-expressed with a GDP-galactose phosphorylase encoding gene (AcGGP3) during fruit developmental and ripening processes. Through dual-luciferase reporter and yeast one-hybrid assays, it was shown that AcERF91 is able to bind and directly activate the activity of the AcGGP3 promoter. Furthermore, transient expression of AcERF91 in kiwifruit fruits resulted in a significant increase in AsA content and AcGGP3 transcript level, indicating a positive role of AcERF91 in controlling AsA accumulation via regulation of the expression of AcGGP3. Overall, our results provide a new insight into the regulation of AsA metabolism in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruochen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofei Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Kiwifruit in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Kui Du
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Kiwifruit in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingzhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Kiwifruit in Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Don Grierson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Mingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
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Liu X, Xie X, Zhong C, Li D. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Key Genes Regulating Ascorbic Acid Synthesis in Actinidia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312894. [PMID: 34884699 PMCID: PMC8657573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinidia (kiwifruit) is known as ‘the king of vitamin C’ due to its rich ascorbic acid (AsA) concentration, which makes it an important model for studying the regulation of AsA metabolism. Herein, transcriptomic analysis was employed to identify candidate genes that regulate AsA synthesis in Actinidia species with 100-fold variations in fruit AsA content (A. latifolia and A. rufa). Approximately 1.16 billion high-quality reads were generated, and an average of 66.68% of the data was uniquely aligned against the reference genome. AsA-associated DEGs that predominately respond to abiotic signals, and secondary metabolic pathways were identified. The key candidate genes, for instance, GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase-3 (GGP3), were explored according to integrated analysis of the weighted gene co-expression network and L-galactose pathway. Transgenic kiwifruit plants were generated, and the leaves of GGP3 (OE-GGP3) overexpressing lines had AsA contents 2.0- to 6.4-fold higher than those of the wild type. Transcriptomic analysis of transgenic kiwifruit lines was further implemented to identify 20 potential downstream target genes and understand GGP3-regulated cellular processes. As a result, two transcription factors (AcESE3 and AcMYBR) were selected to carry out yeast two-hybrid and BiFC assays, which verified that there were obvious AcESE3–AcMYBR and AcESE3–AcGGP3 protein–protein interactions. This study provides insight into the mechanism of AsA synthesis and provides candidate factors and genes involved in AsA accumulation in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Kiwifruit Industrial Technology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.X.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Kiwifruit Industrial Technology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.X.)
| | - Caihong Zhong
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Kiwifruit Industrial Technology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.X.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (D.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-27-8770-0895 (D.L.)
| | - Dawei Li
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Kiwifruit Industrial Technology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.L.); (X.X.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (D.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-27-8770-0895 (D.L.)
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Gan Z, Yuan X, Shan N, Wan C, Chen C, Zhu L, Xu Y, Kai W, Zhai X, Chen J. AcERF1B and AcERF073 Positively Regulate Indole-3-acetic Acid Degradation by Activating AcGH3.1 Transcription during Postharvest Kiwifruit Ripening. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:13859-13870. [PMID: 34779211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene can accelerate the postharvest ripening process of kiwifruit, while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) delays it. However, the molecular mechanism by which ethylene regulates IAA degradation is unclear. Here, we found that ethephon promotes the degradation of free IAA in kiwifruit. Furthermore, ethylene can promote the expression of AcGH3.1 and enhance its promoter activity. Two ethylene response factors (ERFs), AcERF1B and AcERF073, were obtained using an AcGH3.1 promoter as bait for a yeast one-hybrid screening library. Both AcERF1B and AcERF073 bind to the AcGH3.1 promoter to activate it. Also, AcERF1B/073 enhanced AcGH3.1 expression, decreased the free IAA content, and increased the IAA-Asp content in kiwifruit. In addition, we found that the AcERF1B and AcERF073 proteins directly interact, and this interaction enhanced their binding to the AcGH3.1 promoter. In summary, our results suggest that AcERF1B and AcERF073 positively regulate IAA degradation by activating AcGH3.1 transcription, which accelerated postharvest kiwifruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Gan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Liqin Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yunhe Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenbin Kai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiawan Zhai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 330075, China
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Zhang Z, Long Y, Yin X, Yang S. Sulfur-Induced Resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae via Triggering Salicylic Acid Signaling Pathway in Kiwifruit. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312710. [PMID: 34884527 PMCID: PMC8657834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur has been previously reported to modulate plant growth and exhibit significant anti-microbial activities. However, the mechanism underlying its diverse effects on plant pathogens has not been elucidated completely. The present study conducted the two-year field experiment of sulfur application to control kiwifruit canker from 2017 to 2018. For the first time, our study uncovered activation of plant disease resistance by salicylic acid after sulfur application in kiwifruit. The results indicated that when the sulfur concentration was 1.5–2.0 kg m−3, the induced effect of kiwifruit canker reached more than 70%. Meanwhile, a salicylic acid high lever was accompanied by the decline of jasmonic acid. Further analysis revealed the high expression of the defense gene, especially AcPR-1, which is a marker of the salicylic acid signaling pathway. Additionally, AcICS1, another critical gene of salicylic acid synthesis, was also highly expressed. All contributed to the synthesis of increasing salicylic acid content in kiwifruit leaves. Moreover, the first key lignin biosynthetic AcPAL gene was marked up-regulated. Thereafter, accumulation of lignin content in the kiwifruit stem and the higher deposition of lignin were visible in histochemical analysis. Moreover, the activity of the endochitinase activity of kiwifruit leaves increased significantly. We suggest that the sulfur-induced resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae via salicylic activates systemic acquired resistance to enhance plant immune response in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhu Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Youhua Long
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xianhui Yin
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Sen Yang
- Kiwifruit Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
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Li M, Wu Z, Gu H, Cheng D, Guo X, Li L, Shi C, Xu G, Gu S, Abid M, Zhong Y, Qi X, Chen J. AvNAC030, a NAC Domain Transcription Factor, Enhances Salt Stress Tolerance in Kiwifruit. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111897. [PMID: 34769325 PMCID: PMC8585034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch) is suitable for neutral acid soil. However, soil salinization is increasing in kiwifruit production areas, which has adverse effects on the growth and development of plants, leading to declining yields and quality. Therefore, analyzing the salt tolerance regulation mechanism can provide a theoretical basis for the industrial application and germplasm improvement of kiwifruit. We identified 120 NAC members and divided them into 13 subfamilies according to phylogenetic analysis. Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive and systematic analysis based on the conserved motifs, key amino acid residues in the NAC domain, expression patterns, and protein interaction network predictions and screened the candidate gene AvNAC030. In order to study its function, we adopted the method of heterologous expression in Arabidopsis. Compared with the control, the overexpression plants had higher osmotic adjustment ability and improved antioxidant defense mechanism. These results suggest that AvNAC030 plays a positive role in the salt tolerance regulation mechanism in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.W.); (H.G.); (D.C.); (X.G.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (G.X.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.W.); (H.G.); (D.C.); (X.G.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (G.X.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Hong Gu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.W.); (H.G.); (D.C.); (X.G.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (G.X.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Dawei Cheng
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.W.); (H.G.); (D.C.); (X.G.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (G.X.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Xizhi Guo
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.W.); (H.G.); (D.C.); (X.G.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (G.X.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Lan Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.W.); (H.G.); (D.C.); (X.G.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (G.X.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Caiyun Shi
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.W.); (H.G.); (D.C.); (X.G.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (G.X.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Guoyi Xu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.W.); (H.G.); (D.C.); (X.G.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (G.X.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Shichao Gu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.W.); (H.G.); (D.C.); (X.G.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (G.X.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.W.); (H.G.); (D.C.); (X.G.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (G.X.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.C.)
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Yunpeng Zhong
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.W.); (H.G.); (D.C.); (X.G.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (G.X.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiujuan Qi
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.W.); (H.G.); (D.C.); (X.G.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (G.X.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinyong Chen
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.W.); (H.G.); (D.C.); (X.G.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (G.X.); (S.G.); (Y.Z.); (X.Q.); (J.C.)
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Wang X, Zeng Y, Nieuwenhuizen NJ, Atkinson RG. TPS-b family genes involved in signature aroma terpenes emission in ripe kiwifruit. Plant Signal Behav 2021; 16:1962657. [PMID: 34369306 PMCID: PMC8525989 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1962657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aroma is a critical factor influencing consumer acceptability of ripe fruit. When fruit are eaten, the aroma travels retronasally from the mouth into the olfactory receptors located in the nose after exhaling. In kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.), terpene volatiles such as α-terpinolene and 1,8-cineole have been shown to contribute to the characteristic aroma of ripe fruit. Notably, 1,8-cineole contributes a key floral/eucalyptus note to the aroma of ripe A. chinensis 'Hort16A' kiwifruit, based on sensory descriptive and discriminant analysis. Emission of α-terpinolene and 1,8-cineole in kiwifruit is induced by ethylene, and production peaks when fruit are at eating ripeness. Two monoterpene synthase TPS-b family genes have been isolated from the fruit of A. arguta and A. chinensis that produce α-terpinolene and 1,8-cineole, respectively. Here we discuss terpene volatiles with respect to fruit aroma and consumer sensory evaluation, analyze the gene structure and conserved motifs of TPS-b genes in published kiwifruit genomes and then construct a transcriptional regulatory network based on Actinidia TPS-b. These data provide further insights into the potential molecular mechanisms underlying signature monoterpene synthesis to improve flavor in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yunliu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, National R&D Centre for Citrus Preservation, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | | | - Ross G. Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
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Wei X, Wei X, Guan W, Mao L. Abscisic acid stimulates wound suberisation in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) by regulating the production of jasmonic acid, cytokinin and auxin. Funct Plant Biol 2021; 48:1100-1112. [PMID: 34551855 DOI: 10.1071/fp20360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wounding induces a cascade of correlative physiological responses that lead to the repair of damaged tissue. In this study, the effect of wounding on suberin, endogenous hormones and their metabolic genes expression was observed during the wound healing of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.). In addition, the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in wound suberisation was investigated by analysing the coordinated regulation between ABA and other hormones. The wound healing process in kiwifruit could be divided into two stages including: (1) initial accumulation of suberin polyphenolic (SPP) and long carbon chain suberin polyaliphatic monomers (LSPA) before 24h; and (2) massive synthesis of SPP and very long carbon chain suberin polyaliphatic monomers (VLSPA) after 24h. ABA content rapidly increased and induced the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis at the early stage of wound healing. ABA level gradually decreased with the expression of AchCYP707A genes, while the contents of trans-zeatin (t-ZT) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) steadily increased at the late stage of wound healing. Exogenous ABA stimulated JA and suberin monomers accumulation, but suppressed both t-ZT and IAA biosynthesis. The role of ABA in wound healing of kiwifruit might be involved in the coordination of both JA-mediated suberin monomers biosynthesis and t-ZT- and IAA-mediated formation of suberised cells via an interaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wei
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wei
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Weiliang Guan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; and Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Linchun Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R&D Center of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; and Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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Nieuwenhuizen NJ, Chen X, Pellan M, Zhang L, Guo L, Laing WA, Schaffer RJ, Atkinson RG, Allan AC. Regulation of wound ethylene biosynthesis by NAC transcription factors in kiwifruit. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:411. [PMID: 34496770 PMCID: PMC8425125 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phytohormone ethylene controls many processes in plant development and acts as a key signaling molecule in response to biotic and abiotic stresses: it is rapidly induced by flooding, wounding, drought, and pathogen attack as well as during abscission and fruit ripening. In kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.), fruit ripening is characterized by two distinct phases: an early phase of system-1 ethylene biosynthesis characterized by absence of autocatalytic ethylene, followed by a late burst of autocatalytic (system-2) ethylene accompanied by aroma production and further ripening. Progress has been made in understanding the transcriptional regulation of kiwifruit fruit ripening but the regulation of system-1 ethylene biosynthesis remains largely unknown. The aim of this work is to better understand the transcriptional regulation of both systems of ethylene biosynthesis in contrasting kiwifruit organs: fruit and leaves. RESULTS A detailed molecular study in kiwifruit (A. chinensis) revealed that ethylene biosynthesis was regulated differently between leaf and fruit after mechanical wounding. In fruit, wound ethylene biosynthesis was accompanied by transcriptional increases in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS), ACC oxidase (ACO) and members of the NAC class of transcription factors (TFs). However, in kiwifruit leaves, wound-specific transcriptional increases were largely absent, despite a more rapid induction of ethylene production compared to fruit, suggesting that post-transcriptional control mechanisms in kiwifruit leaves are more important. One ACS member, AcACS1, appears to fulfil a dominant double role; controlling both fruit wound (system-1) and autocatalytic ripening (system-2) ethylene biosynthesis. In kiwifruit, transcriptional regulation of both system-1 and -2 ethylene in fruit appears to be controlled by temporal up-regulation of four NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) TFs (AcNAC1-4) that induce AcACS1 expression by directly binding to the AcACS1 promoter as shown using gel-shift (EMSA) and by activation of the AcACS1 promoter in planta as shown by gene activation assays combined with promoter deletion analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that in kiwifruit the NAC TFs AcNAC2-4 regulate both system-1 and -2 ethylene biosynthesis in fruit during wounding and ripening through control of AcACS1 expression levels but not in leaves where post-transcriptional/translational regulatory mechanisms may prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J. Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Xiuyin Chen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Mickaël Pellan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Lei Zhang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
- Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
| | - Lindy Guo
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | | | - Robert J. Schaffer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
- PFR, 55 Old Mill Road, RD 3, Motueka, 7198 New Zealand
| | - Ross G. Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
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42
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Gan Z, Yuan X, Shan N, Wan C, Chen C, Xu Y, Xu Q, Chen J. AcWRKY40 mediates ethylene biosynthesis during postharvest ripening in kiwifruit. Plant Sci 2021; 309:110948. [PMID: 34134847 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors belong to a superfamily that is involved in many important biological processes, including plant development and senescence. However, little is known about the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of WRKY genes involved in kiwifruit postharvest ripening. Here, we isolated a WRKY gene from the kiwifruit genome and named it AcWRKY40. AcWRKY40 is a nucleus-localized protein that possesses transcriptional activation activity. The expression of AcWRKY40 was detected, and the gene responded to ethylene treatment during kiwifruit postharvest ripening, indicating its involvement in this process at the transcriptional level. We found multiple cis-acting elements related to maturation and senescence in the AcWRKY40 promoter. GUS activity analysis showed that its promoter activity was induced by exogenous ethylene. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that AcWRKY40 binds to the promoters of AcSAM2, AcACS1, and AcACS2 to activate them. In addition, transient transformations showed that AcWRKY40 enhances the expression of AcSAM2, AcACS1, and AcACS2. Taken together, these results suggest that AcWRKY40 is involved in kiwifruit postharvest ripening, possibly by regulating the expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis, thus deepening our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of WRKY transcription factors in fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyu Gan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Nan Shan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yunhe Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County, Guilin, 542500, China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 330075, China.
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43
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Xia H, Zhou Y, Deng H, Lin L, Deng Q, Wang J, Lv X, Zhang X, Liang D. Melatonin improves heat tolerance in Actinidia deliciosa via carotenoid biosynthesis and heat shock proteins expression. Physiol Plant 2021; 172:1582-1593. [PMID: 33511650 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The whole-genome molecular mechanisms of melatonin (MT)-mediated enhancement of thermotolerance in plants has rarely been studied. In this study, the genome-wide gene expression profiles of kiwifruit seedlings primed with MT and non-MT at 45°C were analyzed by RNA-Seq. A total of 3299 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between MT and non-MT treatment, in which carotenoid biosynthesis was one of the high-enrichment pathways revealed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Further, qRT-PCR verified that MT significantly induced the upregulated expression of the carotenoid biosynthesis gene, which was consistent with the increase of carotenoid content. In addition, 10 heat shock proteins (HSPs) were identified to have a highly upregulated expression by MT. These findings provide a set of informative and fundamental data on the role of MT in heat resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuanjie Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Honghong Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao'ai Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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44
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Varkonyi-Gasic E, Wang T, Cooney J, Jeon S, Voogd C, Douglas MJ, Pilkington SM, Akagi T, Allan AC. Shy Girl, a kiwifruit suppressor of feminization, restricts gynoecium development via regulation of cytokinin metabolism and signalling. New Phytol 2021; 230:1461-1475. [PMID: 33503269 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is a dioecious, long-living woody perennial vine. Reduced generation time and induction of hermaphroditism can accelerate crop improvement and facilitate alternative farming for better food security in the face of climate change. Previous studies identified that CENTRORADIALIS genes CEN and CEN4 act to repress flowering, whilst the male-specific Shy Girl (SyGl) gene with homology to type-C cytokinin response regulators could repress gynoecium development in model plants. Here we use CRISPR/Cas9 to mutagenize CEN, CEN4 and SyGl in the male kiwifruit A. chinensis 'Bruce'. Biallelic mutations of CEN and CEN4 generated rapid-flowering male plants, and simultaneous targeting of CEN4 and SyGl gave rise to rapid-flowering hermaphrodites with restored gynoecial function and viable pollen, providing functional evidence for the role of SyGl in suppression of feminization. Analysis of ovary tissues identified genes that contribute to carpel development and revealed that SyGl affected both cytokinin profiles and the expression of genes involved in cytokinin metabolism and signalling. The plant lines generated by CEN4/SyGl knockout could self-pollinate and produce fast-flowering offspring. These results establish that SyGI acts as the suppressor of feminization in kiwifruit and demonstrate the potential for accelerated breeding in an outcrossing horticultural woody perennial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tianchi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Janine Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Subin Jeon
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte Voogd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mikaela J Douglas
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sarah M Pilkington
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Takashi Akagi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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45
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Liu Y, Ma K, Qi Y, Lv G, Ren X, Liu Z, Ma F. Transcriptional Regulation of Anthocyanin Synthesis by MYB-bHLH-WDR Complexes in Kiwifruit ( Actinidia chinensis). J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:3677-3691. [PMID: 33749265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The anthocyanin synthetic pathway is regulated centrally by an MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex. Anthocyanin pigmentation is an important fruit quality trait in red-fleshed kiwifruit; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms involving the MBW complex are not well understood. In this study, one R2R3MYB (AcMYBF110 expressed in fruit characteristically), one bHLH (AcbHLH1), two upstream regulators of AcbHLH1 (AcbHLH4 and AcbHLH5), and one WDR (AcWDR1) are characterized as being involved in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in kiwifruit. AcMYBF110 plays an important role in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation by specifically activating the promoters of several anthocyanin pathway genes including AcCHS, AcF3'H, AcANS, AcUFGT3a, AcUFGT6b, and AcGST1. Coexpression of AcbHLH1, AcbHLH4, or AcbHLH5 together with AcMYBF110 induces much greater anthocyanin accumulation in both tobacco leaves and in Actinidia arguta fruit compared with AcMYBF110 alone. Moreover, this activation is further enhanced by adding AcWDR1. We found that both AcMYBF110 and AcWDR1 interact with all three AcbHLH factors, while AcMYBF110 also interacts with AcWDR1 to form three different MBW complexes that have different regulatory roles in anthocyanin accumulation of kiwifruit. The AcMYBF110-AcbHLH1-AcWDR1 complex directly targets the promoters of anthocyanin synthetic genes. Other features of the regulatory pathways identified include promotion of AcMYBF110, AcbHLH1,and AcWDR1 activities by this MBW complex, providing for both reinforcement and feedback regulation, whereas the AcMYBF110-AcbHLH4/5-AcWDR1 complex is indirectly involved in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis by activating the promoters of AcbHLH1 and AcWDR1 to amplify the regulation signals of the first MBW complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shannxi, China
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shannxi, China
| | - Kangxun Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shannxi, China
| | - Yingwei Qi
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610 Guangdong, China
| | - Guowen Lv
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shannxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shannxi, China
| | - Zhande Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shannxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shannxi, China
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46
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Brian L, Warren B, McAtee P, Rodrigues J, Nieuwenhuizen N, Pasha A, David KM, Richardson A, Provart NJ, Allan AC, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Schaffer RJ. A gene expression atlas for kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) and network analysis of transcription factors. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:121. [PMID: 33639842 PMCID: PMC7913447 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptomic studies combined with a well annotated genome have laid the foundations for new understanding of molecular processes. Tools which visualise gene expression patterns have further added to these resources. The manual annotation of the Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruit) genome has resulted in a high quality set of 33,044 genes. Here we investigate gene expression patterns in diverse tissues, visualised in an Electronic Fluorescent Pictograph (eFP) browser, to study the relationship of transcription factor (TF) expression using network analysis. RESULTS Sixty-one samples covering diverse tissues at different developmental time points were selected for RNA-seq analysis and an eFP browser was generated to visualise this dataset. 2839 TFs representing 57 different classes were identified and named. Network analysis of the TF expression patterns separated TFs into 14 different modules. Two modules consisting of 237 TFs were correlated with floral bud and flower development, a further two modules containing 160 TFs were associated with fruit development and maturation. A single module of 480 TFs was associated with ethylene-induced fruit ripening. Three "hub" genes correlated with flower and fruit development consisted of a HAF-like gene central to gynoecium development, an ERF and a DOF gene. Maturing and ripening hub genes included a KNOX gene that was associated with seed maturation, and a GRAS-like TF. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an insight into the complexity of the transcriptional control of flower and fruit development, as well as providing a new resource to the plant community. The Actinidia eFP browser is provided in an accessible format that allows researchers to download and work internally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Brian
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1146, New Zealand
| | - Ben Warren
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1146, New Zealand
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1146, New Zealand
| | - Peter McAtee
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1146, New Zealand
| | - Jessica Rodrigues
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1146, New Zealand
| | - Niels Nieuwenhuizen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1146, New Zealand
| | - Asher Pasha
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology / Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Karine M David
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1146, New Zealand
| | - Annette Richardson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), 121 Keri Downs Road, Kerikeri, 0294, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Provart
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology / Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1146, New Zealand
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1146, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1146, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Schaffer
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1146, New Zealand.
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), 55 Old Mill Road, Motueka, 7198, New Zealand.
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Tian X, Zhu L, Yang N, Song J, Zhao H, Zhang J, Ma F, Li M. Proteomics and Metabolomics Reveal the Regulatory Pathways of Ripening and Quality in Post-Harvest Kiwifruits. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:824-835. [PMID: 33410682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the metabolic modulation of major quality traits during ripening is critical for fruit quality improvement in kiwifruits. Here, integrated proteomic and metabolomic profiling was undertaken to comprehensively examine the dynamics of kiwifruit ripening. This data set presents a global view of the critical pathways involved in fruit ripening, and the contributions of key events to the regulation of kiwifruit ripening and softening, amino acid metabolism, balance in sugar accumulation and organic acid metabolism, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathways were discussed. We suggested key enzymes for starch synthesis and degradation, including AGPase, SS, and SBE, especially for BMY, which was considered a key enzyme for starch degradation. In addition, our analysis implicated the key enzymes ACO4 and ACS9 in ethylene synthesis and the aspartate aminotransferase ASP3 in the conversion of amino acids. These results provide new insights into the modulation of fruit ripening, metabolism, and quality in post-harvest kiwifruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lingcheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Nanxiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jianyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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48
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Li ZX, Lan JB, Liu YQ, Qi LW, Tang JM. Investigation of the role of AcTPR2 in kiwifruit and its response to Botrytis cinerea infection. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:557. [PMID: 33302873 PMCID: PMC7731759 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of kiwifruit response to gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea can provide the basis for its molecular breeding to impart resistance against this disease. In this study, 'Hongyang' kiwifruit served as the experimental material; the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPR) co-repressor gene AcTPR2 was cloned into a pTRV2 vector (AcTPR2-TRV) and the virus-induced gene silencing technique was used to establish the functions of the AcTPR2 gene in kiwifruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea. RESULTS Virus-induced silencing of AcTPR2 enhanced the susceptibility of kiwifruit to Botrytis cinerea. Defensive enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and endogenous phytohormones such as indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA) were detected. Kiwifruit activated these enzymes and endogenous phytohormones in response to pathogen-induced stress and injury. The expression levels of the IAA signaling genes-AcNIT, AcARF1, and AcARF2-were higher in the AcTPR2-TRV treatment group than in the control. The IAA levels were higher and the rot phenotype was more severe in AcTPR2-TRV kiwifruits than that in the control. These results suggested that AcTPR2 downregulation promotes expression of IAA and IAA signaling genes and accelerates postharvest kiwifruit senescence. Further, Botrytis cinerea dramatically upregulated AcTPR2, indicating that AcTPR2 augments kiwifruit defense against pathogens by downregulating the IAA and IAA signaling genes. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study could help clarify the regulatory mechanisms of disease resistance in kiwifruit and furnish genetic resources for molecular breeding of kiwifruit disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Xin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/ Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Bin Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/ Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/ Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, P.R. China
| | - Li-Wang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China.
| | - Jian-Min Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/ Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, P.R. China.
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49
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Abstract
Actinidine, a methylcyclopentane monoterpenoid pyridine alkaloid, has been found in many iridoid-rich plants and insect species. In a recent research on a well-known actinidine- and iridoid-producing ant species, Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), no actinidine was detected in its hexane extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis using a common sample injection method, but a significant amount of actinidine was detected when a solid injection technique with a thermal separation probe was used. This result led us to hypothesize that heat can induce the production of actinidine in iridoid-rich organisms. To test our hypothesis, the occurrence of actinidine was investigated in four iridoid-rich organisms under different sample preparation temperatures, including two ant species, T. melanocephalum and Iridomyrmex anceps Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and two plant species, Actinidia polygama Maxim (Ericales: Actinidiaceae) and Nepeta cataria L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae). Within a temperature range of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 °C, no actinidine was detected at 50 °C, but it appeared at temperatures above 100 °C for all four species. A positive relationship was observed between the heating temperature and actinidine production. The results indicate that actinidine could be generated at high temperatures. We also found that the presence of methylcyclopentane monoterpenoid iridoids (iridodials and nepetalactone) was needed for thermally induced actinidine production in all tested samples. These results suggest that the presence of actinidine in iridoid-rich plants and ants might be a consequence of using high temperatures during sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxing Shi
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 7 Jinying Rd., Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510640, China
| | - Yurong He
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Southeast Area, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, National Biological Control Laboratory, 59 Lee Road, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, United States
| | - Lihua Lu
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 7 Jinying Rd., Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510640, China
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50
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Liang D, Deng H, Deng Q, Lin L, Lv X, Wang J, Wang Z, Xiong B, Zhao X, Xia H. Dynamic Changes of Phenolic Compounds and Their Associated Gene Expression Profiles Occurring during Fruit Development and Ripening of the Donghong Kiwifruit. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:11421-11433. [PMID: 32936614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The newly released Donghong kiwifruit is a promising commercial cultivar. The dynamic changes of major phenolic compounds (flavonols, flavanols, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins) during the representative stages of fruit development and ripening of the Donghong kiwifruit were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The corresponding time-course transcriptional changes were evaluated using the combined analysis of RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. The most predominant phenolic compound in the Donghong kiwifruit was epicatechin. Cyanidin 3-O-[2-O-(β-xylosyl)-β-galactoside] and cyanidin 3-O-β-galactoside were two essential anthocyanins detected. Candidate genes and pathways involved in phenolic compounds biosynthesis were highlighted. The structural genes (AcLDOX2, Ac5GGT1, and Ac5AT2) and the transcription factor (bHLH74-2) were strongly associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. AcMYB4-1 may be a novel transcription factor that reduces anthocyanin accumulation. Results from the study may be a very useful supplement to current knowledge of molecular mechanisms to elucidate coloration in the red-fleshed kiwifruit and could help breeders modify the kiwifruit germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong Deng
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijin Lin
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Zhao
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xia
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
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