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Zhang W, Li C, Lv Y, Wei S, Hu Y. Synergistic antifungal mechanism of cinnamaldehyde and nonanal against Aspergillus flavus and its application in food preservation. Food Microbiol 2024; 121:104524. [PMID: 38637086 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus colonization on agricultural products during preharvest and postharvest results in tremendous economic losses. Inspired by the synergistic antifungal effects of essential oils, the aims of this study were to explore the mechanism of combined cinnamaldehyde and nonanal (SCAN) against A. flavus and to evaluate the antifungal activity of SCAN loading into diatomite (DM). Shriveled mycelia were observed by scanning electron microscopy, especially in the SCAN treatment group. Calcofluor white staining, transmission electron microscopy, dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate staining and the inhibition of key enzymes in tricarboxylic acid cycle indicated that the antifungal mechanism of SCAN against A. flavus was related to the cell wall damage, reactive oxygen species accumulation and energy metabolism interruption. RNA sequencing revealed that some genes involved in antioxidation were upregulated, whereas genes responsible for cell wall biosynthesis, oxidative stress, cell cycle and spore development were significantly downregulated, supporting the occurrence of cellular apoptosis. In addition, compared with the control group, conidia production in 1.5 mg/mL DM/cinnamaldehyde, DM/nonanal and DM/SCAN groups were decreased by 27.16%, 48.22% and 76.66%, respectively, and the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contents decreased by 2.00%, 73.02% and 84.15%, respectively. These finding suggest that DM/SCAN complex has potential uses in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cuixiang Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyong Lv
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan Wei
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuansen Hu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, 462300, Henan, China.
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2
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Singh PP, Jaiswal AK, Singh R, Kumar A, Gupta V, Raghuvanshi TS, Sharma A, Prakash B. Assessment of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil against Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin B 1 contamination, and post-harvest quality of Sorghum bicolor. Food Chem 2024; 443:138502. [PMID: 38306909 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The present investigation explored the antifungal effectiveness of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil (TAEO) against Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination, and its mechanism of action using biochemical and computational approaches. The GC-MS result revealed the chemical diversity of TAEO with the highest percentage of γ-terpinene (39 %). The TAEO exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration against A. flavus growth (0.5 µL/mL) and AFB1 (0.4 µL/mL) with radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 2.13 µL/mL). The mechanism of action of TAEO was associated with the alteration in plasma membrane functioning, antioxidative defense, and carbon source catabolism. The molecular dynamic result shows the multi-regime binding of γ-terpinene with the target proteins (Nor1, Omt1, and Vbs) of AFB1 biosynthesis. Furthermore, TAEO exhibited remarkable in-situ protection of Sorghum bicolor seed samples against A. flavus and AFB1 contamination and protected the nutritional deterioration. Hence, the study recommends TAEO as a natural antifungal agent for food protection against A. flavus mediated biodeterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Pratap Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Atul Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Tanya Singh Raghuvanshi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Angad Sharma
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Liang L, Wang X, Wei S, Lei Y, Zhang S, Zhai H, Hu Y, Lv Y. m 6A methyltransferase AflIme4 orchestrates mycelial growth, development and aflatoxin B 1 biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127710. [PMID: 38593581 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a highly toxic secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus, poses a severe threat to agricultural production, food safety and human health. The methylation of mRNA m6A has been identified as a regulator of both the growth and AFB1 production of A. flavus. However, its intracellular occurrence and function needs to be elucidated. Here, we identified and characterized a m6A methyltransferase, AflIme4, in A. flavus. The enzyme was localized in the cytoplasm, and knockout of AflIme4 significantly reduced the methylation modification level of mRNA. Compared with the control strains, ΔAflIme4 exhibited diminished growth, conidial formation, mycelial hydrophobicity, sclerotium yield, pathogenicity and increased sensitivity to CR, SDS, NaCl and H2O2. Notably, AFB1 production was markedly inhibited in the A. flavus ΔAflIme4 strain. RNA-Seq coupled with RT-qPCR validation showed that the transcriptional levels of genes involved in the AFB1 biosynthesis pathway including aflA, aflG, aflH, aflK, aflL, aflO, aflS, aflV and aflY were significantly upregulated. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (MeRIP-qPCR) analysis demonstrated a significant increase in m6A methylation modification levels of these pathway-specific genes, concomitant with a decrease in mRNA stability. These results suggest that AflIme4 attenuates the mRNA stability of genes in AFB1 biosynthesis by enhancing their mRNA m6A methylation modification, leading to impaired AFB1 biosynthesis. Our study identifies a novel m6A methyltransferase AflIme4 and highlights it as a potential target to control A. flavus growth, development and aflatoxin pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuke Liang
- College of biological engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- College of biological engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shan Wei
- College of biological engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yang Lei
- College of biological engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuaibing Zhang
- College of biological engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huanchen Zhai
- College of biological engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuansen Hu
- College of biological engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yangyong Lv
- College of biological engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Zhang FL, Ma HH, Dong PY, Yan YMC, Chen Y, Yang GM, Shen W, Zhang XF. Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates Aflatoxin B1-induced testicular damage by improving the gut-metabolism-testis axis. J Hazard Mater 2024; 468:133836. [PMID: 38394902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Global aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination is inevitable, and it can significantly damage testicular development. However, the current mechanism is confusing. Here, by integrating the transcriptome, microbiome, and serum metabolome, we comprehensively explain the impact of AFB1 on testis from the gut-metabolism-testis axis. Transcriptome analysis suggested that AFB1 exposure directly causes abnormalities in testicular inflammation-related signalling, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway, and proliferation-related signalling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) pathway, which was verified by immunofluorescence. On the other hand, we found that upregulated inflammatory factors in the intestine after AFB1 exposure were associated with intestinal microbial dysbiosis, especially the enrichment of Bacilli, and enrichment analysis showed that this may be related to NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-mediated NOD-like receptor signalling. Also, AFB1 exposure caused blood metabolic disturbances, manifested as decreased hormone levels and increased oxidative stress. Significantly, B. licheniformis has remarkable AFB1 degradation efficiency (> 90%). B. licheniformis treatment is effective in attenuating gut-testis axis damage caused by AFB1 exposure through the above-mentioned signalling pathways. In conclusion, our findings indicate that AFB1 exposure disrupts testicular development through the gut-metabolism-testis axis, and B. licheniformis can effectively degrade AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Li Zhang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hao-Hai Ma
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Pei-Yu Dong
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yu-Mei Chen Yan
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guo-Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Wang H, Fan Q, Liang Q, Wu Y, Ye Z, Wu H, Sun Q, Tang H, Liu Y, Liu Q, Chen Y. Human CYP1A1-activated aneugenicity of aflatoxin B1 in mammalian cells and its combined effect with benzo(a)pyrene. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 392:110923. [PMID: 38382706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic mycotoxin and a proven human carcinogen that requires metabolic activation, known by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and 3A4. Previous evidence showed that AFB1 is activated by human recombinant CYP1A1 expressed in budding yeast. Yet, the toxicity, in particular the genotoxicity of the reactive metabolites formed from AFB1 remains unclear. Humans could be exposed to both AFB1 and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) simultaneously, thus we were interested in their combined genotoxic effects subsequent to metabolic activation by CYP1A1. In this study, molecular docking of AFB1 to human CYP1A1 indicated that AFB1 is valid as a substrate. In the incubations with AFB1 in human CYP1A1-expressed microsomes, AFM1 as a marking metabolite of AFB1 was detected. Moreover, AFB1 induced micronucleus formation in a Chinese hamster V79-derived cell line and in a human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cell line, both expressing recombinant human CYP1A1, V79-hCYP1A1 and 2B-hCYP1A1 cells, respectively. Immunofluorescence of centromere protein B stained micronuclei was dominant in AFB1-treated BEAS-2B cells exposed to AFB1, suggesting an aneugenic effect. Moreover, AFB1 elevated the levels of ROS, 8-OHdG, AFB1-DNA adduct, and DNA breaks in 2B-hCYP1A1 cells, compared with those in the parental BEAS-2B cells. Meanwhile, AFB1 increased CYP1A1, RAD51, and γ-H2AX protein levels in 2B-hCYP1A1 cells, which were attenuated by the CYP1A1 inhibitor bergamottin. Co-exposure of AFB1 with BaP increased 8-OHdG, RAD51, and γ-H2AX levels (indicating DNA damage). In conclusion, AFB1 could be activated by human CYP1A1 for potent aneugenicity, which may be further enhanced by co-exposure to BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Qin Fan
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zhongming Ye
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Haipeng Wu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China; Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuting Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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Huang W, Zhang J, Miao C, Ying H, Zhang X, Song M, Cui Y, Wang X, Li Y, Cheng P. Aflatoxin B1-Induced Testosterone Biosynthesis Disorder via the ROS/AMPK Signaling Pathway in Male Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:5955-5965. [PMID: 38451160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which contaminates feedstock and food, is on the rise. AFB1 inhibits testosterone (T) biosynthesis, but the mechanism is not yet clear. By establishing in vivo and in vitro models, this study found the number of Leydig cells (LCs), T content, and the expression of T biosynthesis key enzymes were suppressed after AFB1 treatment. AFB1 exposure also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted mitochondrial injury and mitochondrial pathway apoptosis. Moreover, the AMPK signaling pathway was activated, and using an AMPK inhibitor relieved apoptosis and the suppressed T biosynthesis key enzymes of LCs caused by AFB1 through regulating downstream p53 and Nur77. Additionally, adding ROS intervention could inhibit AMPK activation and alleviate the decreased T content caused by AFB1. In summary, AFB1 promotes the apoptosis of LCs and inhibits T biosynthesis key enzyme expression via activating the ROS/AMPK signaling pathway, which eventually leads to T synthesis disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chenjiao Miao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huihui Ying
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yilong Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, 028000 Tongliao, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
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Hassaneen NH, Hemeda SA, El Nahas AF, Fadl SE, El-Diasty EM. Camel milk or silymarin could improve the negative effects that experimentally produced by aflatoxin B1 on rat's male reproductive system. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:108. [PMID: 38500117 PMCID: PMC10946164 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camel milk and silymarin have many different beneficial effects on several animal species. Meanwhile, Aflatoxins are mycotoxins with extraordinary potency that pose major health risks to several animal species. Additionally, it has been documented that aflatoxins harm the reproductive systems of a variety of domestic animals. The present design aimed to investigate the impact of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on rat body weight and reproductive organs and the ameliorative effects of camel milk and silymarin through measured serum testosterone, testes pathology, and gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in the testes. A total of sixty mature male Wister white rats, each weighing an average of 83.67 ± 0.21 g, were used. There were six groups created from the rats. Each division had ten rats. The groups were the control (without any treatment), CM (1 ml of camel milk/kg body weight orally), S (20 mg silymarin/kg b. wt. suspension, orally), A (1.4 mg aflatoxin/kg diet), ACM (aflatoxin plus camel milk), and AS (aflatoxin plus silymarin). RESULTS The results indicated the positive effects of camel milk and silymarin on growth, reproductive organs, and gene expression of TNF-α, LHR, and StAR with normal testicular architecture. Also, the negative effect of AFB1 on the rat's body weight and reproductive organs, as indicated by low body weight and testosterone concentration, was confirmed by the results of histopathology and gene expression. However, these negative effects were ameliorated by the ingestion of camel milk and silymarin. CONCLUSION In conclusion, camel milk and silymarin could mitigate the negative effect of AFB1 on rat body weight and reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla H Hassaneen
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt.
| | - Shabaan A Hemeda
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer F El Nahas
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sabreen E Fadl
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Eman M El-Diasty
- Mycology Department, Animal Health Research Institute Dokki, Giza (ARC), Egypt
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Sufyan A, Khan NA, AbuGhazaleh A, Ahmad N, Tang S, Tan Z. Novel techniques for the mass production of nutritionally improved, fungus-treated lignocellulosic biomass for ruminant nutrition. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:2215-2224. [PMID: 37938140 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laboratory-scale experiments have shown that treatment with selective lignin-degrading white-rot fungi improves the nutritional value and ruminal degradability of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB). However, the lack of effective field-applicable pasteurization methods has long been recognized as a major obstacle for scaling up the technique for fungal treatment of large quantities of LCB for animal feeding. In this study, wheat straw (an LCB substrate) was subjected to four field-applicable pasteurization methods - hot-water, formaldehyde fumigation, steam, and hydrated lime - and cultured with Pleurotus ostreatus grain spawn for 10, 20, and 30 days under solid-state fermentation. Samples of untreated, pasteurized but non-inoculated and fungus-treated straws were analyzed for chemical composition, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro total gas (IVGP), methane (CH4 ), and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. RESULTS During the 30-day fungal treatment, steam and lime pasteurized straws had the greatest loss of lignin, resulting in marked improvements in crude protein (CP), IVDMD, IVGP, and total VFAs. Irrespective of the pasteurization method, the increase in IVDMD during fungal treatment was linearly (R2 = 0.77-0.92) related to lignin-loss in the substrate during fungal treatment. The CH4 production of the fungus-treated straw was not affected by the pasteurization methods. Aflatoxin B1 was within the safe level (<5 μg kg-1 ) in all pasteurized, fungus treated straws. CONCLUSION Steam and lime were promising field-applicable pasteurization techniques to produce nutritionally improved fungus-treated wheat straw to feed ruminants. Lime pasteurization was more economical and did not require expensive energy inputs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Sufyan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Animal Science, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Nazir Ahmad Khan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Amer AbuGhazaleh
- Department of Animal Science, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Yuan Y, Li M, Qiu X. Chicken CYP1A5 is able to hydroxylate aflatoxin B 1 to aflatoxin M 1. Toxicon 2024; 239:107625. [PMID: 38244865 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a naturally-occurring mycotoxin, can cause severe toxicological and carcinogenic effects in livestock and humans. Given that the chicken is one of the most important food-producing animals, knowledge regarding AFB1 metabolism and enzymes responsible for AFB1 transformation in the chicken has important implications for chicken production and food safety. Previously, we have successfully expressed chicken CYP1A5 and CYP3A37 monooxygenases in E. coli, and reconstituted them into a functional CYP system consisting of CYP1A5 or CYP3A37, CPR and cytochrome b5. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of CYP1A5 and CYP3A37 in the bioconversion of AFB1 to AFM1. Our results showed that chicken CYP1A5 was able to hydroxylate AFB1 to AFM1. The formation of AFM1 followed the typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The kinetics parameters of Vmax and Km were determined as 0.83 ± 0.039 nmol/min/nmol P450 and 26.9 ± 4.52 μM respectively. Docking simulations further revealed that AFB1 adopts a "side-on" conformation in chicken CYP1A5, facilitating the hydroxylation of the C9a atom and the production of AFM1. On the other hand, AFB1 assumes a "face-on" conformation in chicken CYP3A37, leading to the displacement of the C9a atom from the heme iron and explaining the lack of AFM1 hydroxylation activity. The results demonstrate that chicken CYP1A5 possesses efficient hydroxylase activity towards AFB1 to form AFM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Yuan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinghui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Ouyang W, Liao Z, Yang X, Zhang X, Zhu X, Zhong Q, Wang L, Fang X, Wang J. Microbial Composition of Water Kefir Grains and Their Application for the Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:107. [PMID: 38393185 PMCID: PMC10893553 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Water kefir grains (WKGs), the starter used to develop a traditional beverage named water kefir, consist of a symbiotic mixture of probiotics with diverse bioactivities, but little is known about their abilities to remove mycotoxins that have serious adverse effects on humans and animals. This study investigated the ability of WKGs to remove aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the most toxic mycotoxins, under different settings, and determined the mechanism of absorption mediated by WKGs and the effect of WKGs on the toxicity induced by AFB1 and the reduction in AFB1 in cow milk and tea soups. The results showed the WKGs used herein were dominated by Lactobacillus, Acetobacter, Phenylobacterium, Sediminibacterium, Saccharomyces, Issatchenkia, and Kodamaea. HPLC analysis demonstrated that the WKGs effectively removed AFB1 at concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 µg/mL, pH values ranging from 3 to 9, and temperatures ranging from 4 to 45 °C. Additionally, the removal of AFB1 mainly depended on absorption, which was consistent with the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Moreover, only 49.63% of AFB1 was released from the AFB1-WKG complex after four washes when the release of AFB1 was non-detectable. Furthermore, WKG treatment caused a dramatic reduction in the mutagenicity induced by AFB1 according to an Ames test and reduced more than 54% of AFB1 in cow milk and three tea soups. These results suggested that WKGs can act as a potential bio-absorbent with a high binding ability to detoxify AFB1 in food and feed via a chemical action step and multi-binding sites of AFB1 absorption in a wide range of scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.Y.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.F.)
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11
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Paneru D, Sharma MK, Shi H, Wang J, Kim WK. Aflatoxin B1 Impairs Bone Mineralization in Broiler Chickens. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:78. [PMID: 38393156 PMCID: PMC10893327 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a ubiquitous mycotoxin in corn-based animal feed, particularly in tropical regions, impairs liver function, induces oxidative stress and disrupts cellular pathways, potentially worsening bone health in modern broilers. A 19-day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding increasing levels of AFB1-contaminated feed (<2, 75-80, 150, 230-260 and 520-560 ppb) on bone mineralization markers in broilers (n = 360). While growth performance remained unaffected up to Day 19, significant reductions in tibial bone ash content were observed at levels exceeding 260 ppb. Micro-computed tomography results showed that AFB1 levels at 560 ppb significantly decreased trabecular bone mineral content and density, with a tendency for reduced connectivity density in femur metaphysis. Moreover, AFB1 above 230 ppb reduced the bone volume and tissue volume of the cortical bone of femur. Even at levels above 75 ppb, AFB1 exposure significantly downregulated the jejunal mRNA expressions of the vitamin D receptor and calcium and phosphorus transporters. It can be concluded that AFB1 at levels higher than 230 ppb negatively affects bone health by impairing bone mineralization via disruption of the vitamin D receptor and calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, potentially contributing to bone health issues in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (D.P.); (M.K.S.); (H.S.); (J.W.)
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12
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Sahoo M, Thakor JC, Kumar P, Singh R, Kumar P, Singh K, Puvvala B, Kumar A, Gopinathan A, Palai S, Patra S, Tripathy JP, Acharya R, Sahoo NR, Behera P. AFB1 induced free radicals cause encephalopathy in goat kids via intrinsic pathway of apoptosis: pathological and immunohistochemical confirmation of non-hepatic neuroaflatoxicosis. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:317-327. [PMID: 37684400 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins, particularly AFB1, are the most common feed contaminants worldwide, causing significant economic losses to the livestock sector. The current paper describes an outbreak of aflatoxicosis in a herd of 160 male young goat kids (3-4 months), of which 68 young kids succumbed over a period of 25 days after showing neurological signs of abnormal gait, progressive paralysis and head pressing. The haematobiochemical investigation showed reduced haemoglobin, leucocyte count, PCV level, increased levels of AST, ALT, glucose, BUN, creatinine and reduced level of total protein. Grossly, kids had pale mucous membranes, pale and swollen liver; right apical lobe consolidation, and petechiation of the synovial membrane of the hock joints. The microscopic changes were characterized by multifocal hemorrhages, status spongiosus/ vacuolation, vasculitis, focal to diffuse gliosis, satellitosis, and ischemic apoptotic neurons in different parts of the brain and spinal cord. These changes corresponded well with strong immunoreactivity for AFB1 in neurons, glia cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and ependymal cells) in various anatomical sites of the brain. The higher values of LPO and reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase, SOD, GSH) with strong immunoreactivity of 8-OHdG in the brain indicating high level of oxidative stress. Further, the higher immunosignaling of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the brain points towards the association with intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The toxicological analysis of feed samples detected high amounts of AFB1 (0.38ppm). These findings suggest that AFB1 in younger goat kids has more of neurotoxic effect mediated through caspase dependent intrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243112, India.
- ICAR-ICFMD-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India.
| | - Jigarji Chaturji Thakor
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243112, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243112, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243112, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, 243112, India
| | - Karampal Singh
- ICAR-CADRAD, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Bhavani Puvvala
- Division of Bacteriology & Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- ICAR- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Aswathy Gopinathan
- ICAR- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Santwana Palai
- ICAR- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Advance Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Jagannath Prasad Tripathy
- ICAR-ICFMD-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Ramakant Acharya
- ICAR-ICFMD-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Sahoo
- ICAR-ICFMD-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Pratima Behera
- Animal Disease Research Institute, Phulnakhara, Cuttack, Odisha, India
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13
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Wu W, Lu S, Jiang S, Chen J, Zheng Z, Jiang S, Yang P. Immobilization of recombinant Trametes versicolor aflatoxin B 1-degrading enzyme (TV-AFB 1D) with montmorillonite for absorption and in situ degradation of aflatoxin B 1. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:175-186. [PMID: 38224413 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is a highly carcinogenic and teratogenic substance mainly produced by toxin-producing strains such as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasitic. The efficient decomposition of aflatoxin is an important means to reduce its harm to humans and livestock. In this study, Trametes versicolor aflatoxin B1-degrading enzyme (TV-AFB1D) was recombinantly expressed in Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) 168. MMT-CTAB-AFB1D complex was prepared by the immobilization of TV-AFB1D and montmorillonite (MMT) by cross-linking glutaraldehyde. The results indicated that TV-AFB1D could recombinantly express in engineered B. subtilis 168 with a size of approximately 77 kDa. The immobilization efficiency of MMT-CTAB-AFB1D reached 98.63% when the concentration of glutaraldehyde was 5% (v/v). The relative activity of TV-AFB1D decreased to 72.36% after reusing for 10 times. The content of AFB1 in MMT-CTAB-AFB1D-AFB1 decreased to 1.1 µg/g from the initial 5.6 µg/g after incubation at 50 °C for 6 h. The amount of 80.4% AFB1 in the MMT-CTAB-AFB1D-AFB1 complex was degraded by in situ catalytic degradation. Thus, the strategy of combining adsorption and in situ degradation could effectively reduce the content of AFB1 residue in the MMT-CTAB-AFB1D complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Agricultural Products, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shuhua Lu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Agricultural Products, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Suwei Jiang
- Department of Biological, Food and Environment Engineering, Hefei University, 158 Jinxiu Avenue, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jianchao Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Agricultural Products, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Agricultural Products, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shaotong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Agricultural Products, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, 230601, Anhui Province, China
| | - Peizhou Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Agricultural Products, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Shushan District, Hefei City, 230601, Anhui Province, China.
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14
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Mangini V, Rosini E, Caliandro R, Mangiatordi GF, Delre P, Sciancalepore AG, Pollegioni L, Haidukowski M, Mazzorana M, Sumarah MW, Renaud JB, Flaig R, Mulè G, Belviso BD, Loi M. DypB peroxidase for aflatoxin removal: New insights into the toxin degradation process. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140826. [PMID: 38040262 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most potent carcinogens and a widespread food and feed contaminant. As for other toxins, many efforts are devoted to find efficient and environmentally-friendly methods to degrade AFB1, such as enzymatic treatments, thus improving the safety of food and feed products. In this regard, the dye decolorizing peroxidase of type B (DypB) can efficiently degrade AFB1. The molecular mechanism, which is required to drive protein optimization in view of the usage of DypB as a mycotoxin reduction agent in large scale application, is unknown. Here, we focused on the role of four DypB residues in the degradation of AFB1 by alanine-scanning (residues 156, 215, 239 and 246), which were identified from biochemical assays to be kinetically relevant for the degradation. As a result of DypB degradation, AFB1 is converted into four products. Interestingly, the relative abundancy of these products depends on the replaced residues. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the role of these residues in the binding step between protein and manganese, a metal ion which is expected to be involved in the degradation process. We found that the size of the haem pocket as well as conformational changes in the protein structure could play a role in determining the kinetics of AFB1 removal and, consequently, guide the process towards specific degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mangini
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - E Rosini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - R Caliandro
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - G F Mangiatordi
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - P Delre
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - A G Sciancalepore
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - L Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - M Haidukowski
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - M Mazzorana
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK; Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - M W Sumarah
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street London, Ontario, Canada, N5V4T3
| | - J B Renaud
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street London, Ontario, Canada, N5V4T3
| | - R Flaig
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK; Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - G Mulè
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari, 70126, Italy.
| | - B D Belviso
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari, 70126, Italy.
| | - M Loi
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola 122/o, Bari, 70126, Italy
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15
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Wang Z, Huang Q, Zhang F, Wu J, Wang L, Sun Y, Deng Y, Jiang J. Key Role of Porcine Cytochrome P450 2A19 in the Bioactivation of Aflatoxin B 1 in the Liver. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:2334-2346. [PMID: 38235998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The metabolic transformation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in pigs remains understudied, presenting a gap in our toxicological understanding compared with extensive human-based research. Here, we found that the main products of AFB1 in porcine liver microsomes (PLMs) were AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO), the generation of which correlated strongly with the protein levels and activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A and CYP2A. In addition, we found that porcine CYP2A19 can transform AFB1 into AFBO, and its metabolic activity was stronger than the other CYPs we have reported, including CYP1A2, CYP3A29, and CYP3A46. Furthermore, we stably transfected all identified CYPs in HepLi cells and found that CYP2A19 stable transfected HepLi cells showed more sensitivity in AFB1-induced DNA adducts, DNA damage, and γH2AX formation than the other three stable cell lines. Moreover, the CYP2A19 N297A mutant that lost catalytic activity toward AFB1 totally eliminated AFB1-induced AFB1-DNA adducts and γH2AX formations in CYP2A19 stable transfected HepLi cells. These results indicate that CYP2A19 mainly mediated AFB1-induced cytotoxicity through metabolizing AFB1 into a highly reactive AFBO, promoting DNA adduct formation and DNA damage, and lastly leading to cell death. This study advances the current understanding of AFB1 bioactivation in pigs and provides a promising target to reduce porcine aflatoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zige Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Feiyong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
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16
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Qu S, Chi SD, He ZM. The Development of Aspergillus flavus and Biosynthesis of Aflatoxin B1 are Regulated by the Golgi-Localized Mn 2+ Transporter Pmr1. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:1276-1291. [PMID: 38179648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms rely on diverse ion transport and trace elements to sustain growth, development, and secondary metabolism. Manganese (Mn2+) is essential for various biological processes and plays a crucial role in the metabolism of human cells, plants, and yeast. In Aspergillus flavus, we confirmed that Pmr1 localized in cis- and medial-Golgi compartments was critical in facilitating Mn2+ transport, fungal growth, development, secondary metabolism, and glycosylation. In comparison to the wild type, the Δpmr1 mutant displayed heightened sensitivity to environmental stress, accompanied by inhibited synthesis of aflatoxin B1, kojic acid, and a substantial reduction in pathogenicity toward peanuts and maize. Interestingly, the addition of exogenous Mn2+ effectively rectified the developmental and secondary metabolic defects in the Δpmr1 mutant. However, Mn2+ supplement failed to restore the growth and development of the Δpmr1Δgdt1 double mutant, which indicated that the Gdt1 compensated for the functional deficiency of pmr1. In addition, our results showed that pmr1 knockout leads to an upregulation of O-glycosyl-N-acetylglucose (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), while Mn2+ supplementation can restore the glycosylation in A. flavus. Collectively, this study indicates that the pmr1 regulates Mn2+ via Golgi and maintains growth and metabolism functions of A. flavus through regulation of the glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sheng-Da Chi
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhu-Mei He
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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Altyar AE, Kensara OA, Noreldin AE, Albadrani GM, El-Demerdash FM, Sayed AA, Piscopo M, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Al-Ghadi MQ, Ghaboura N, Abdel-Daim MM. Spirulina platensis ameliorates hepatic oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by aflatoxin B1 in rats. Toxicon 2024; 237:107553. [PMID: 38072319 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widely distributed mycotoxin, causing hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. One of the most famous unicellular cyanobacteria is Spirulina platensis (SP) which is well known for its antioxidant characteristics against many toxicants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antioxidant potential and hepatoprotective ability of SP against oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in male Wistar albino rats intraperitoneally injected with AFB1. Rats were separated into five groups as follows: negative control administered with saline; SP (1000 mg/kg BW) for two weeks; AFB1 (2.5 mg/kg BW) twice on days 12 and 14; AFB1 (twice) + 500 mg SP/kg BW (for two weeks) and AFB1 (twice) + 1000 mg SP/kg BW (for two weeks). Liver and blood samples were assembled for histological and biochemical analyses. AFB1 intoxicated rats showed a marked elevation in serum biochemical parameters (ALP, ALT, and AST), hepatic lipid peroxidation (MDA and NO), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) indicating DNA damage. Moreover, AFB1 caused suppression of antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, GHS, GSH-Px, and CAT). However, the elevated serum levels of biochemical parameters and PCNA expression were reduced by SP. Moreover, SP lowered oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation markers in a dose-dependent manner. To sum up, SP supplementation is capable of decreasing AFB1 toxicity through its powerful antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O.Box 80260, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Osama A Kensara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 7067, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma M El-Demerdash
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany A Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muath Q Al-Ghadi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehmat Ghaboura
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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18
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Yang B, Li X. Unveiling the hub genes associated with aflatoxin B 1-induced hepatotoxicity in chicken. Environ Res 2023; 239:117294. [PMID: 37832762 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a ubiquitous and toxic mycotoxin in human food and animal feedstuff, can impair the function and health of some organs, especially the liver. However, the knowledge about the potential mechanisms of AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity in chickens is limited. Therefore, we analyzed the gene expression data of chicken embryo primary hepatocytes (CEPHs) treated with and without AFB1 at the dose of 0.1 μg/mL which were cultured at 37 °C in Medium 199 (Life Technologies, Shanghai, China) with 5.0% CO2 for 48 h. Totally 1,711 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, in which 1,170 and 541 genes were up- and down-regulated in AFB1-administrated CEPHs compared to the control, respectively. Biological process analysis suggested that these DEGs might take part in angiogenesis, cell adhesion, immune response, cell differentiation, inflammatory response, cell migration regulation, and blood coagulation. Signaling pathways analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly linked to metabolic pathways, MAPK, TLR2, and actin cytoskeleton regulation pathways. Moreover, the hub genes, including GYS2, NR1H4, ALDH8A1, and ANGPTL3, might participate in AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity. Taken together, our study offers a new insight into the mechanisms of the AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Poultry Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, China.
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19
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Ijaz MU, Ishtiaq A, Tahir A, Alvi MA, Rafique A, Wang P, Zhu GP. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of genkwanin against aflatoxin B 1-induced testicular toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 481:116750. [PMID: 37980962 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most hazardous aflatoxin that causes significant damage to the male reproductive system. Genkwanin (GNK) is a bioactive flavonoid that shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Therefore, the current study was planned to evaluate the effects of GNK against AFB1-induced testicular toxicity. Forty-eight male rats were distributed into four groups (n = 12 rats). AFB1 (50 μg/kg) and GNK (20 mg/kg) were administered to the rats for eight weeks. Results of the current study revealed that AFB1 exposure induced adverse effects on the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway and reduced the expressions and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, it increased the levels of oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, expressions of steroidogenic enzymes were down-regulated by AFB1 intoxication. Besides, AFB1 exposure reduced the levels of gonadotropins and plasma testosterone, which subsequently reduced the epididymal sperm count, motility, and hypo-osmotic swelled (HOS) sperms, while increasing the number of dead sperms and causing morphological anomalies of the head, midpiece, and tail of the sperms. In addition, AFB1 decreased the activities of testicular function marker enzymes and the levels of inflammatory markers. Moreover, it severely affected the apoptotic profile by up-regulating the expressions of Bax and Casp3, while down-regulating the Bcl2 expression. Besides, AFB1 significantly damaged the histoarchitecture of testicular tissues. However, GNK treatment reversed all the AFB1-induced damages in the rats. Taken together, the current study reports the potential use of GNK as a therapeutic agent to prevent AFB1-induced testicular toxicity due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Ishtiaq
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, Auhui Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Molecular Detection and Diagnostics, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Arfa Tahir
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mughees Aizaz Alvi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rafique
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Peng Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, Auhui Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Molecular Detection and Diagnostics, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, Auhui Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Molecular Detection and Diagnostics, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
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20
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Chen L, Wen T, Cao A, Wang J, Pan H, Zhao R. Bile Acids Promote Hepatic Biotransformation and Excretion of Aflatoxin B1 in Broiler Chickens. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:694. [PMID: 38133198 PMCID: PMC10747845 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15120694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a hazardous mycotoxin that often contaminates animal feed and may potentially induce severe liver damage if ingested. The liver is the primary organ responsible for AFB1 detoxification through enzyme-catalyzed xenobiotic metabolism and bile acid (BA)-associated excretion. In this study, we sought to investigate whether exogenous BA improves hepatic AFB1 detoxification to alleviate AFB1-induced liver injury in broiler chickens. Five-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to three groups. CON and AFB1 received a basal diet; AFB1 + BA received a basal diet with 250 mg/kg BA for 20 days. After a 3-day pre-feed, AFB1 and AFB1 + BA were daily gavaged with 250 μg/kg BW AFB1, while CON received gavage solvent for AFB1 treatment. Dietary BA supplementation protected chickens from AFB1-induced hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress. The hepatic biotransformation of AFB1 to its metabolite AFBO was improved, with accelerated excretion to the gallbladder and cecum. Accordantly, AFB1-induced down-regulation of detoxification genes, including cytochrome P450 enzymes, glutathione S-transferases, and the bile salt export pump, was rescued by BA supplementation. Moreover, liver X receptor α, suppressed by AFB1, was enhanced in BA-treated broiler chickens. These results indicate that dietary BA supplementation improves hepatic AFB1 detoxification and excretion through LXRα-involved regulation of xenobiotic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.C.); (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Huaihua Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Tian Wen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.C.); (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aizhi Cao
- Industrial Research Institute of Liver Health & Homeostatic Regulation, Shandong Longchang Animal Health Product Co., Ltd., Dezhou 253000, China; (A.C.)
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Industrial Research Institute of Liver Health & Homeostatic Regulation, Shandong Longchang Animal Health Product Co., Ltd., Dezhou 253000, China; (A.C.)
| | - Hua Pan
- Industrial Research Institute of Liver Health & Homeostatic Regulation, Shandong Longchang Animal Health Product Co., Ltd., Dezhou 253000, China; (A.C.)
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.C.); (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Industrial Research Institute of Liver Health & Homeostatic Regulation, Shandong Longchang Animal Health Product Co., Ltd., Dezhou 253000, China; (A.C.)
- National Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Nanjing 210095, China
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Amminikutty N, Spalenza V, Jarriyawattanachaikul W, Badino P, Capucchio MT, Colombino E, Schiavone A, Greco D, D’Ascanio V, Avantaggiato G, Dabbou S, Nebbia C, Girolami F. Turmeric Powder Counteracts Oxidative Stress and Reduces AFB1 Content in the Liver of Broilers Exposed to the EU Maximum Levels of the Mycotoxin. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:687. [PMID: 38133191 PMCID: PMC10747922 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15120687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequent adverse effects of AFB1 in chicken are low performance, the depression of the immune system, and a reduced quality of both eggs and meat, leading to economic losses. Since oxidative stress plays a major role in AFB1 toxicity, natural products are increasingly being used as an alternative to mineral binders to tackle AFB1 toxicosis in farm animals. In this study, an in vivo trial was performed by exposing broilers for 10 days to AFB1 at dietary concentrations approaching the maximum limits set by the EU (0.02 mg/kg feed) in the presence or absence of turmeric powder (TP) (included in the feed at 400 mg/kg). The aims were to evaluate (i) the effects of AFB1 on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant parameters, histology, and the expression of drug transporters and biotransformation enzymes in the liver; (ii) the hepatic accumulation of AFB1 and its main metabolites (assessed using an in-house-validated HPLC-FLD method); (iii) the possible modulation of the above parameters elicited by TP. Broilers exposed to AFB1 alone displayed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in the liver, which was completely reverted by the concomitant administration of TP. Although no changes in glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were detected in any treatment group, AFB1 significantly upregulated and downregulated the mRNA expression of CYP2A6 and Nrf2, respectively. TP counteracted such negative effects and increased the hepatic gene expression of selected antioxidant enzymes (i.e., CAT and SOD2) and drug transporters (i.e., ABCG2), which were further enhanced in combination with AFB1. Moreover, both AFB1 and TP increased the mRNA levels of ABCC2 and ABCG2 in the duodenum. The latter changes might be implicated in the decrease in hepatic AFB1 to undetectable levels (
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Affiliation(s)
- Neenu Amminikutty
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Veronica Spalenza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Watanya Jarriyawattanachaikul
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Paola Badino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Donato Greco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.G.); (V.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Vito D’Ascanio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.G.); (V.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppina Avantaggiato
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy; (D.G.); (V.D.); (G.A.)
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
| | - Carlo Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Flavia Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (N.A.); (V.S.); (W.J.); (P.B.); (M.T.C.); (E.C.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
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Yang H, Shen M, Zhang Q, Li Y, Tan X, Li X, Chen H, Wu L, He S, Zhu X. Transcriptome and metabolomics analysis of adaptive mechanism of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) to aflatoxin B1. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295291. [PMID: 38060597 PMCID: PMC10703319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), with the strong toxicity and carcinogenicity, has been reported to great toxicity to the liver and other organs of animals. It cause huge economic losses to breeding industry, including the aquaculture industry. Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis), as one of important species of freshwater aquaculture in China, are deeply disturbed by it. However, the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of hepatopancreas and ovary in crabs underlying coping ability are still unclear. Hence, we conducted targeted injection experiment with or without AFB1, and comprehensively analyzed transcriptome and metabolomics of hepatopancreas and ovary. As a result, 210 and 250 DEGs were identified in the L-C vs. L-30 m and L-C vs. L-60 m comparison, among which 14 common DEGs were related to six major functional categories, including antibacterial and detoxification, ATP energy reaction, redox reaction, nerve reaction, liver injury repair and immune reaction. A total of 228 and 401 DAMs in the ML-C vs. ML-30 m and ML-C vs. ML-60 m comparison both enriched 12 pathways, with clear functions of cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, purine metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, ABC transporters and tryptophan metabolism. Integrated analysis of metabolomics and transcriptome in hepatopancreas discovered three Co-enriched pathways, including steroid biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. In summary, the expression levels and functions of related genes and metabolites reveal the regulatory mechanism of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) adaptability to the Aflatoxin B1, and the findings contribute to a new perspective for understanding Aflatoxin B1 and provide some ideas for dealing with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Yang
- Fishery Analysis and Testing Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meifang Shen
- Fishery Analysis and Testing Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuyun Zhang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifeng Li
- College of Aquatic and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhui Tan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuguang Li
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- SCIEX Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Yitian Technologies Corporation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaofang He
- Yitian Technologies Corporation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Fishery Analysis and Testing Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Singh PP, Jaiswal AK, Raghuvanshi TS, Prakash B. Insights into the antimicrobial efficacy of Coleus aromaticus essential oil against food-borne microbes: Biochemical and molecular simulation approaches. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114111. [PMID: 37890759 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The study reported the antimicrobial efficacy of chemically characterized Coleus aromaticus essential oil (CEO) against food-borne bacteria, molds (Aspergillus flavus), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and explored its mechanism of action using biochemical and molecular simulation approaches. The chemical profile of CEO was explored by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, which revealed thymol (46.0%) as the major compound. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of CEO for bacterial species Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Bacillus cereus, and Shigella flexneri was found to be 0.9 μl/ml, 0.7 μl/ml, 0.16 μl/ml, and 0.12 μl/ml respectively. The MIC value for A. flavus and AFB1 contamination was 0.6 μl/ml. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of CEO was recorded with IC50 0.32 μl/ml. Biochemical and computational approaches (docking and dynamics simulation) have been performed to explore the multi-faceted antimicrobial inhibitory effects of CEO at the molecular level, which shows the impairment in membrane functioning, leakage of cellular contents, release of 260-nm absorbing materials, antioxidative defense, carbon catabolism and vital genes (7AP3, Nor1, Omt1, and Vbs). The findings indicated that CEO could be used as natural antimicrobial agents against food-spoilage bacteria, A. flavus and AFB1 contamination to extend the shelf-life of food product and prevention of food-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Pratap Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Atul Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Singh Raghuvanshi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
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Alnaemi HS, Dawood TN, Algwari QT. Plasma-activated water application for detoxification of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, and fumonisin B1 in poultry feeds. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1654-1668. [PMID: 38292709 PMCID: PMC10824096 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i12.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma-activated water (PAW) is considered one of the emerging strategies that has been highlighted recently in the food industry for microbial decontamination and mycotoxin detoxification, due to its unique provisional characteristics. Aim The effectiveness of PAW for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and fumonisin B1 (FB1) detoxification in naturally contaminated poultry feeds with its impacts on the feed quality were inspected. Methods PAW-30 and PAW-60 were utilized for feed treatment for six time durations (5, 10, 15, 20, 40, and 60 minutes) each. The alterations in the physicochemical properties of PAW after different time durations of plasma inducement and treatment with and without feed samples were monitored. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed for estimation of mycotoxin levels and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was utilized for results confirmation. Feed composition analyses with peroxide values (PVs) estimation were implemented according to standard analytical methods. Results The physicochemical properties of PAW showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in pH value from 6.72 to 2.68 and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), electrical conductivity (EC), and temperature from 235 mV, 5.1 μS/cm, and 20.5°C to 499.2 mV, 727.6 μS/cm, and 26.8°C, respectively, after 60 minutes of plasma inducement in a time-dependent manner. The mycotoxins decay kinetics after PAW application were illustrated. Mycotoxins degradation efficiency significantly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing water activation time. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in AFB1, OTA, and FB1 degradation levels was reported mainly during the first 10 minutes of treatment for AFB1 and the first 15 minutes for OTA and FB1 to record values of 28.33%, 32.14%, and 34.62% and 33.80%, 40.70%, and 43.38% after 60 minutes of feed exposure to PAW-30 and PAW-60, respectively. Significant differences (p < 0.05) between examined mycotoxins in their degradation levels were recorded, where FB1 exhibited the highest degradation levels. Generally, feed compositions were slightly affected by PAW and fats were still having good quality. Conclusion The possibility of PAW for degrading more than a quarter to a third of the original quantity of targeted mycotoxins in poultry feeds after 10 minutes of treatment with a slight effect on feed quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamara Natiq Dawood
- Veterinary Public Health Department, Veterinary Medicine College, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Qais Thanoon Algwari
- Electronics Department, Electronic Engineering College, Nineveh University, Mosul, Iraq
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Ruan ML, Wang J, Xia ZY, Li XW, Zhang B, Wang GL, Wu YY, Han Y, Deng J, Sun LH. An integrated mycotoxin-mitigating agent can effectively mitigate the combined toxicity of AFB 1, DON and OTA on the production performance, liver and oviduct health in broiler breeder hens. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114159. [PMID: 37913901 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the efficacy of an integrated mycotoxin-mitigating agent in reducing the adverse effects of co-occurring dietary aflatoxin B1 deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A on broiler breeder hens. 360 30-week-old Hubbard Efficiency Plus broiler breeder hens were allocated into four groups and received a basal diet (BD; Control), BD added 0.15 mg/kg aflatoxin B1+1.5 mg/kg deoxynivalenol+0.12 mg/kg ochratoxin A (Toxins), BD plus Toxins with 0.1% TOXO-XL (Toxins + XL1), and BD plus Toxins with 0.2% TOXO-XL (Toxins + XL2), respectively, for 8 weeks, and then received the same BD for another 4 weeks. Compared with control, mycotoxins decreased total egg weigh, egg laying rate, settable eggs rate, hatch of total eggs rate, egg quality, but increased feed/egg ratio and mortality rate, and impaired the liver and oviduct health during weeks 1-8 and(or) 9-12. It also increased PC and MDA concentrations, TUNEL-positive cells and IL-1β and IL-6 expression, and decreased T-AOC, GPX and CAT activities in liver and/or oviduct. Notably, most of these negative changes were mitigated by both dosages of TOXO-XL. Generally, 0.2% TOXO-XL displayed better mitigation effects than 0.1% TOXO-XL. Conclusively, these findings revealed that TOXO-XL could mitigate the combined mycotoxins-induced toxicity on the performance, liver and oviduct health, through the regulation of redox, immunity, and apoptosis in broiler breeder hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ling Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xue-Wu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Newhope Liuhe Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Selko Feed Additives, Nutreco, Stationsstraat 77, 3811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Guan-Lin Wang
- Selko Feed Additives, Nutreco, Stationsstraat 77, 3811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Selko Feed Additives, Nutreco, Stationsstraat 77, 3811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Yanming Han
- Selko Feed Additives, Nutreco, Stationsstraat 77, 3811, MH, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Jiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Lv-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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26
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Sinelnikov I, Mikityuk O, Shcherbakova L, Nazarova T, Denisenko Y, Rozhkova A, Statsyuk N, Zorov I. Recombinant Oxidase from Armillaria tabescens as a Potential Tool for Aflatoxin B1 Degradation in Contaminated Cereal Grain. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:678. [PMID: 38133182 PMCID: PMC10747862 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15120678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Forage grain contamination with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a global problem, so its detoxification with the aim of providing feed safety and cost-efficiency is still a relevant issue. AFB1 degradation by microbial enzymes is considered to be a promising detoxification approach. In this study, we modified an previously developed Pichia pastoris GS115 expression system using a chimeric signal peptide to obtain a new recombinant producer of extracellular AFB1 oxidase (AFO) from Armillaria tabescens (the yield of 0.3 g/L), purified AFO, and selected optimal conditions for AFO-induced AFB1 removal from model solutions. After a 72 h exposure of the AFB1 solution to AFO at pH 6.0 and 30 °C, 80% of the AFB1 was degraded. Treatments with AFO also significantly reduced the AFB1 content in wheat and corn grain inoculated with Aspergillus flavus. In grain samples contaminated with several dozen micrograms of AFB1 per kg, a 48 h exposure to AFO resulted in at least double the reduction in grain contamination compared to the control, while the same treatment of more significantly (~mg/kg) AFB1-polluted samples reduced their contamination by ~40%. These findings prove the potential of the tested AFO for cereal grain decontamination and suggest that additional studies to stabilize AFO and improve its AFB1-degrading efficacy are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Sinelnikov
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.); (A.R.); (I.Z.)
| | - Oleg Mikityuk
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Larisa Shcherbakova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Tatyana Nazarova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Yury Denisenko
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.); (A.R.); (I.Z.)
| | - Alexandra Rozhkova
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.); (A.R.); (I.Z.)
| | - Natalia Statsyuk
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050 Moscow, Russia; (O.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Ivan Zorov
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.); (A.R.); (I.Z.)
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Wu D, Wu Y, Zhang M, Lan H. Aflatoxin B1 exposure triggers inflammation and premature skin aging via ERMCS/Ca 2+/ROS signaling cascade. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110961. [PMID: 37742367 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a recognized hazard environmental contaminant mainly found in cereal and fruits. The toxicity of AFB1 exposure to various organs has been revealed in some literature. In current study, we explored the effect of AFB1 exposure on premature aging/senescence of skin. In vivo, 8-week-old C57 mice were used as models to evaluate the effect of dietary AFB1 exposure on premature skin aging. The results showed that AFB1 exposure caused premature skin aging by testing aging markers. Additionally, AFB1 led to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In vitro, AFB1 exposure triggered premature cellular senescence in mouse skin fibroblasts cells (L929 cells) by assessing a range of cellular senescence-related markers. Further, the potential molecular mechanism by which AFB1 induce the premature skin aging was studied. ROS and Ca2+ is proven to be the key molecules in AFB1-induced cellular senescence. Further, through eliminating Ca2+, AFB1-caused oxidative stress and cellular senescence were both attenuated, suggesting that Ca2+ overload in the mitochondria results in cellular senescence by increasing ROS production. Next, we analyzed the causes of Ca2+ overload, and results showed that AFB1 exposure induces Ca2+ overload through increasing the formation of mitoguardin (Miga) and vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated protein (Vap33)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contact sites (ERMCS). AFB1 exposure also inhibited mitophagy, leading to accelerate L929 cell senescence. In short, combining in vivo and in vitro results, we demonstrate that exposure to AFB1 causes premature skin aging, which is dependent on ERMCS/Ca2+/ROS/ signaling axis. The current study suggests that prolonged exposure to AFB1 makes skin more vulnerable to damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Hainan Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Liu H, He Y, Gao X, Li T, Qiao B, Tang L, Lan J, Su Q, Ruan Z, Tang Z, Hu L. Curcumin alleviates AFB1-induced nephrotoxicity in ducks: regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress, ferritinophagy, and ferroptosis. Mycotoxin Res 2023; 39:437-451. [PMID: 37782431 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), an extremely toxic mycotoxin that extensively contaminates feed and food worldwide, poses a major hazard to poultry and human health. Curcumin, a polyphenol derived from turmeric, has attracted great attention due to its wonderful antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, effects of curcumin on the kidneys of ducks exposed to AFB1 remain unclear. Additionally, the underlying mechanism between AFB1 and ferroptosis (based on excessive lipid peroxidation) has not been sufficiently elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of curcumin against AFB1-induced nephrotoxicity in ducklings. The results indicated that curcumin alleviated AFB1-induced growth retardation and renal distorted structure in ducklings. Concurrently, curcumin inhibited AFB1-induced mitochondrial-mediated oxidative stress by reducing the expression levels of oxidative damage markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and improved the expression of mitochondria-related antioxidant enzymes and the Nrf2 pathway. Notably, curcumin attenuated iron accumulation in the kidney, inhibited ferritinophagy via the NCOA4 pathway, and balanced iron homeostasis, thereby alleviating AFB1-induced ferroptosis in the kidney. Collectively, our results suggest that curcumin alleviates AFB1-induced nephrotoxicity in ducks by inhibiting mitochondrial-mediated oxidative stress, ferritinophagy, and ferroptosis and provide new evidence for the mechanism of AFB1-induced nephrotoxicity in ducklings treated with curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China (Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Xinglin Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Baoxin Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lixuan Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Juan Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qian Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhiyan Ruan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Food & Drug Vocational College, No. 321, Longdong North Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Tian Y, Dong PY, Liang SL, Li L, Zhang SE, Klinger FG, Shen W, Yan YY, Zhang XF. Aflatoxin B1 affects porcine alveolar macrophage growth through the calcium signaling pathway mediated by the ceRNA regulatory network. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8237-8247. [PMID: 37572211 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the most prevalent contaminants in human and animal food, impairs the immune system, but information on the mechanisms of AFB1-mediated macrophage toxicity is still lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, for the first time, we employed whole transcriptome sequencing technology to explore the molecular mechanism by which AFB1 affects the growth of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM). We found that AFB1 exposure reduced the proliferative capacity of PAM and prevented cell cycle progression. Based on whole transcriptome analysis, RT-qPCR, ICC and RNAi, we verified the role and regulatory mechanism of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in the process of AFB1 exposure affecting the growth of PAM. CONCLUSIONS We found that AFB1 induced MSTRG.43,583, MSTRG.67,490, MSTRG.84,995, and MSTRG.89,935 to competitively bind miR-219a, miR-30b-3p, and miR-30c-1-3p, eliminating the inhibition of its target genes CACNA1S, RYR3, and PRKCG. This activated the calcium signaling pathway to regulate the growth of PAM. These results provide valuable information on the mechanism of AFB1 exposure induced impairment of macrophage function in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (R2BGL), College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Pei-Yu Dong
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Sheng-Lin Liang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shu-Er Zhang
- Animal Husbandry General Station of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250010, China
| | - Francesca Gioia Klinger
- Saint Camillus International, University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant Alessandro 8, Rome, 00131, Italy
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - You-Yu Yan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 13 Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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30
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Tang X, Cai YF, Yu XM, Zhou WW. Detoxification of aflatoxin B1 by Bacillus aryabhattai through conversion of double bond in terminal furan. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad192. [PMID: 37634085 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to screen a bacterial strain with high detoxifying capability for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), verify its biotransformation efficiency, and detoxification process. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 350 samples collected from different environmental niche were screened using coumarin as the sole carbon source. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect residues of AFB1, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on the isolated strain with the highest AFB1 removal ratio for identification. The detoxified products of this strain were tested for toxicity in Escherichia coli as well as LO2, Caco-2, and HaCaT human cell lines. HPLC-MS was applied to further confirm the AFB1 removal and detoxification process. CONCLUSIONS We identified a strain from plant leaf designated as DT with high AFB1-detoxifying ability that is highly homologous to Bacillus aryabhattai. The optimum detoxification conditions of this strain were 37°C and pH 8.0, resulting in 82.92% removal ratio of 2 μg mL-1 AFB1 in 72 h. The detoxified products were nontoxic for E. coli and significantly less toxic for the LO2, Caco-2, and HaCaT human cell lines. HPLC-MS analysis also confirmed the significant drop of the AFB1 characteristic peak. Two possible metabolic products, C19H15O8 (m/z 371) and C19H19O8 (m/z 375), were observed by mass spectrometry. Potential biotransformation pathway was based on the cleavage of double bond in the terminal furan of AFB1. These generated components had different chemical structures with AFB1, manifesting that the attenuation of AFB1 toxicity would be attributed to the destruction of lactone structure of AFB1 during the conversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Fan Cai
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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31
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Yaacobi-Artzi S, Kalo D, Roth Z. Effect of the aflatoxins B1 and M1 on bovine oocyte developmental competence and embryo morphokinetics. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108437. [PMID: 37422138 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are considered as reproductive toxins for mammalian species. Here, we studied the effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and its metabolite aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) on the development and morphokinetics of bovine embryos. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured with AFB1 (0.032, 0.32, 3.2, 32 µM) or AFM1 (0.015, 0.15, 1.5, 15, 60 nM), then fertilized and the putative zygotes were cultured in an incubator equipped with a time-lapse system. Exposing COCs to 32 µM AFB1 or 60 nM AFM1 reduced the cleavage rate, whereas exposing them to 3.2 or 32 µM AFB1 further reduced the blastocyst formation. A delay was recorded for the first and second cleavages in a dose-dependent manner for both AFB1- and AFM1-treated oocytes. A delay was recorded in the third cleavage in the AFM1-treated group. To explore potential mechanisms, subgroups of COCs were examined for nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation (n = 225; DAPI and FITC-PNA, respectively), and mitochondrial function was examined in a stage-dependent manner. COCs were examined for their oxygen consumption rates (n = 875; Seahorse XFp analyzer) at the end of maturation, MII-stage oocytes were examined for their mitochondrial membrane potential (n = 407; JC1), and putative zygotes were examined using a fluorescent time-lapse system (n = 279; IncuCyte). Exposing COCs to AFB1 (3.2 or 32 µM) impaired oocyte nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation and increased mitochondrial membrane potential in the putative zygotes. These alterations were associated with changes in the expression of mt-ND2 (32 µM AFB1) and STAT3 (all AFM1 concentrations) genes in the blastocyst stage, suggesting a carryover effect from the oocyte to the developing embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira Yaacobi-Artzi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
| | - Dorit Kalo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
| | - Zvi Roth
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot 7610000, Israel.
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32
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Xu G, Wang C, Yu H, Li Y, Zhao Q, Zhou X, Li C, Liu M. Structural basis for high-affinity recognition of aflatoxin B1 by a DNA aptamer. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7666-7674. [PMID: 37351632 PMCID: PMC10415127 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The 26-mer DNA aptamer (AF26) that specifically binds aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) with nM-level high affinity is rare among hundreds of aptamers for small molecules. Despite its predicted stem-loop structure, the molecular basis of its high-affinity recognition of AFB1 remains unknown. Here, we present the first high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance structure of AFB1-AF26 aptamer complex in solution. AFB1 binds to the 16-residue loop region of the aptamer, inducing it to fold into a compact structure through the assembly of two bulges and one hairpin structure. AFB1 is tightly enclosed within a cavity formed by the bulges and hairpin, held in a place between the G·C base pair, G·G·C triple and multiple T bases, mainly through strong π-π stacking, hydrophobic and donor atom-π interactions, respectively. We further revealed the mechanism of the aptamer in recognizing AFB1 and its analogue AFG1 with only one-atom difference and introduced a single base mutation at the binding site of the aptamer to increase the discrimination between AFB1 and AFG1 based on the structural insights. This research provides an important structural basis for understanding high-affinity recognition of the aptamer, and for further aptamer engineering, modification and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yapiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Conggang Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Maili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
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Raj J, Farkaš H, Jakovčević Z, Vasiljević M, Kumar R, Asrani RK. Effects of supplemented multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent in laying hens fed aflatoxin B1 and T2-toxin contaminated feeds. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102795. [PMID: 37327744 PMCID: PMC10404769 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the ability of multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent (MMDA) in feed to prevent the gastrointestinal absorption of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and T2-toxin supplemented via spiked maize. For comparisons, hens were fed with uncontaminated basal diet without or with addition of MMDA at 2 g/kg feed. The trial consisted of 105 laying hens (Lohmann Brown) without obvious signs of disease allocated to 7 treatment groups in 35 pens. Responses were demonstrated on laying performance and health status throughout the 42 d experimental period. The results of laying performance indicated significantly decreased egg mass with increasing mycotoxin (AFB1 and T2-toxin) levels up to the maximum tolerated dosage, however simultaneous presence of MMDA laying performance was slightly modified linearly to increasing application. Dose-dependent pathological changes in liver and kidneys and their relative weights, changes in blood parameters and reduced eggshell weights were observed in the hens fed AFB1 and T2-toxin. The pathological changes in the hens fed with diets containing AFB1 and T2-toxin without MMDA were significantly higher as compared with the control group, but eggshell stability was not affected. The contents of AFB1, T2-toxin and their metabolites in liver and kidney tissues were significantly decreased in the hens supplemented with MMDA at 2 and 3 g/kg in feed. MMDA supplementation significantly reduced the deposition of AFB1, T2-toxin and their metabolites in liver and kidneys at the maximum tolerated dosage (2 and 3 g/kg) indicating specific binding to AFB1 and T2-toxin in the digestive tract as compared to the corresponding diets without MMDA. Exposure of AFB1 and T2-toxin indicated significantly decreased egg mass with increasing mycotoxin levels up to the maximum tolerated dosage because of the significantly reduced egg production. Therefore, in this study, MMDA could reduce negative effects of feeding AFB1 and T-2 to laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jog Raj
- Patent Co, DOO., Vlade Ćetković 1A, Mišićevo 24211, Serbia.
| | - Hunor Farkaš
- Patent Co, DOO., Vlade Ćetković 1A, Mišićevo 24211, Serbia
| | | | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Asrani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062, India
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34
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Cheng K, Niu J, Zhang J, Qiao Y, Dong G, Guo R, Zheng X, Song Z, Huang J, Wang J, Zhang Y. Hepatoprotective effects of chlorogenic acid on mice exposed to aflatoxin B1: Modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Toxicon 2023; 231:107177. [PMID: 37276986 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is widely distributed in crops and feeds, and ingestion of AFB1-contaminated crops is harmful to human/animal health. This study was designed to investigate hepatoprotective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA), due to its excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, on mice exposed to AFB1. Male Kunming mice were orally fed with CGA prior to daily AFB1 exposure for 18 consecutive days. The results showed that CGA treatment reduced the serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic malondialdehyde content and pro-inflammatory cytokines synthesis, prevented histopathological changes of the liver, increased hepatic glutathione level, catalase activity and IL10 mRNA expression in mice subjected to AFB1. Taken together, CGA exerted the protective effect on AFB1-induced hepatic damage by modulating redox status and inflammation, suggesting that CGA may be a candidate compound for the treatment of aflatoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cheng
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingyi Niu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Qiao
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guorun Dong
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Zheng
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Song
- School of International Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Huang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Lou H, Yang C, Gong Y, Li Y, Li Y, Tian S, Zhao Y, Zhao R. Edible fungi efficiently degrade aflatoxin B 1 in cereals and improve their nutritional composition by solid-state fermentation. J Hazard Mater 2023; 451:131139. [PMID: 36921416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is extremely harmful to human and livestock. Laccase, a green catalyst, has been shown to effectively degrade AFB1 and can be obtained from edible fungi. The objective of this study was to screen edible fungi with high laccase activity and determine their effects on the degradation of AFB1 in cereals and the nutritional composition of the cereals through solid-state fermentation. Results from plate assays confirmed that 51 of the 55 tested edible fungi could secrete laccase. Submerged fermentation results showed that 17 of the 51 edible fungi had maximum laccase activity exceeding 100 U/L. The growth of different edible fungi varied significantly in corn, rice and wheat. More importantly, 6 edible fungi with high laccase activity and good growth could efficiently degrade AFB1 in cereals. We found for the first time that Ganoderma sinense could not only secrete highly active laccase and efficiently degrade AFB1 in corn by 92.91%, but also improve the nutritional quality of corn. These findings reveal that solid-state fermentation of cereals with edible fungi is an environmentally friendly and efficient approach for degrading AFB1 in cereals and improving the nutritional composition of cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Lou
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA
| | - Chuangming Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yang Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA
| | - Shuangqi Tian
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Renyong Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Davwar P, David P, Imoh L, Duguru M, Zawaya K, Tsok Y, Sagay A, Okeke E. Aflatoxin exposure in a population of HIV patients at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma North-Central, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:81-87. [PMID: 38223595 PMCID: PMC10782315 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aflatoxin B1causes damage to the DNA by the alkylation of bases and P53 mutation. Exposure to this mycotoxin is associated with the development of liver cancer. Measures to reduce grain and cereal contamination have been a focus however, the effects of these measures are still lagging behind and exposure continues to occur even in populations at risk of developing liver cancer. Objective To quantify aflatoxin B1 exposure in a population of HIV infected patients with and without HCC. Method This was a cross-sectional study among 196 patients with HIV and or HCC. We evaluated the exposure to aflatoxin B1 using the Aflatoxin M1 metabolite by ELISA on urine samples. Results A total of 196 participants consisting of 163 (83.2%) HIV positive and 28 (14.3%) HCC. Mean age is 46.64±10.8 years. The median aflatoxin (IQR) aflatoxin M1level is 177.3(112.5-272) pg/ml. Only 8(4.1%) of the participant had no exposure to aflatoxin B1. The median (IQR) aflatoxin for fibrosis score ≥ 13kpa (178.7(112.9-286.8) pg/ml) VS < 13kpa (173.5(107.9-250.4)), p = 0.046. Conclusion There is high prevalence of aflatoxin B1 exposure in this population. Concerted efforts must be put in place to mitigate exposure because of the potential effects of short- and long-term exposure to aflatoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yop Tsok
- Jos University Teaching Hospital
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Demirkapi EN, Ince S, Demirel HH, Arslan-Acaroz D, Acaroz U. Polydatin reduces aflatoxin-B1 induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammatory cytokine levels in mice. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:70842-70853. [PMID: 37155108 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study showed the protective effect of polydatin (PD), which has an antioxidant activity against oxidative stress in mice caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). In this study, 36 male Swiss albino mice were divided equally into 6 groups: 0.2 mL of FTS was administered to the control group, 0.2 mL of olive oil to the second group, and 0.75 mg/kg AFB1 to the third group by intragastric gavage every day for 28 days. The fourth, fifth, and sixth groups were administered 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg PD and 0.75 mg/kg AFB1 intragastrically for 28 days, respectively. AFB1 administration increased plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and malondialdehyde levels in blood and tissue samples but decreased the level of glutathione and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. On the other hand, it was determined that PD applications depending on the increasing doses brought these levels closer to normal. In addition, AFB1 administration increased the amount of ssDNA and liver COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, NFκB, and Cyp3a11 mRNA expression levels; on the other hand, it decreased the IL-2 mRNA expression level. In contrast, increasing doses of PD application regulated the amount of ssDNA and these mRNA expression levels. Additionally, histopathological damage was observed in the liver and kidney tissues of the AFB1 group, while PD applications in a dose-dependent manner improved these damages. As a result, it was determined that PD reduced AFB1-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation and exhibited a protective effect on tissues in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Nur Demirkapi
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Physiology, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Sinan Ince
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | | | - Damla Arslan-Acaroz
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ulas Acaroz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Veterinary Faculty, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Karatekeli S, Demirel HH, Zemheri-Navruz F, Ince S. Boron exhibits hepatoprotective effect together with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways in rats exposed to aflatoxin B1. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 77:127127. [PMID: 36641954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxins are one of the important environmental factors that pose a risk to living organisms. On the other hand, it has been indicated in research that boron intake has beneficial effects on organisms. In this study, the effect of boron was disclosed in rats exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which poses a toxicological risk. METHODS A total of 36 male Sprague Dawley rats were separated into 6 groups and 0.125 mg/kg bw AFB1 and 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg bw doses of boron were given orally for 21 days. End of the experiment, biochemical, molecular, and histopathological analyses were performed. RESULTS AFB1 treatment increased liver enzyme activities (AST, ALT, and ALP) and malondialdehyde level; on the other hand, it caused a decrease in glutathione level, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of apoptotic (Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and p53) and pro-inflammatory (TNF-α and NFκB) genes increased and the mRNA expression of the anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2) decreased in liver tissue. Also, AFB1 treatment increased DNA damage and caused histopathological alterations in the liver tissue. Additionally, boron applications at doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg bw given with AFB1 reversed these negative changes. CONCLUSIONS As a result, boron exhibited hepatoprotective effect together with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects against AFB1-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fahriye Zemheri-Navruz
- Bartın University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Sinan Ince
- Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
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Qureshi MA, Amir M, Khan RH, Musarrat J, Javed S. Glycation reduces the binding dynamics of aflatoxin B 1 to human serum albumin: a comprehensive spectroscopic and computational investigation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14797-14811. [PMID: 37021366 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2194000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent mutagen, is synthesized by Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. Human serum albumin (HSA) is a globular protein with diverse roles. As AFB1 is ingested with food and is transported in the body via blood, it becomes pertinent to comprehend the effect of the binding of this toxin on the structure and conformation of HSA, which may help to get insight into the toxic effect of the exposure of the mycotoxin. In this study, multi-spectroscopic approaches have been used to evaluate the binding efficiency of AFB1 with both the native HSA (nHSA) and the glycated HSA (gHSA). Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy reveals the static type of fluorescence quenching in the fluorescence emission spectra of nHSA and gHSA in the presence of AFB1. The binding constant (Kb) is calculated to be 6.88 × 104 M-1 for nHSA, while a reduced Kb value of 2.95 × 104 M-1 has been obtained for gHSA. The circular dichroism study confirms the change in the secondary structure of nHSA and gHSA in the presence of AFB1, followed by alterations in the melting temperature (Tm) of nHSA and gHSA. In silico computational findings envisaged the amino acid residues and bonds involved in the binding of nHSA and gHSA with AFB1. The comprehensive study analyzes the binding effectiveness of AFB1 with nHSA and gHSA and shows reduced binding of AFB1 to gHSA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aamir Qureshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Amir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Javed Musarrat
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Saleem Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Lin JX, Xu CY, Wu XM, Che L, Li TY, Mo SM, Guo DB, Lin ZN, Lin YC. Rab7a-mTORC1 signaling-mediated cholesterol trafficking from the lysosome to mitochondria ameliorates hepatic lipotoxicity induced by aflatoxin B1 exposure. Chemosphere 2023; 320:138071. [PMID: 36754296 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common contaminant in many foodstuffs and is considered a public health concern worldwide due to its hepatotoxicity caused by lipid metabolism disorders. However, the molecular mechanism underlying AFB1-induced lipotoxicity-dependent liver injury via regulating cholesterol metabolism remains unclear. We established a cholesterol trafficking disorder-mediated hepatic lipotoxicity model with AFB1 mixture exposure in vitro (HepaRG and HepG2 cells, 1.6 μM for 36 h) and in vivo (C57BL/6 mice, 3 mg kg-1, i.g., every other day for 6 weeks). In vitro, the interaction between lysosomal Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) protein and mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) regulated lipotoxicity induced by AFB1 mixture exposure, including lysosomal membrane permeabilization and mitochondria-dependent necroptosis. Moreover, the downregulation of lysosomal Ras-associated protein 7a (Rab7a) enhanced the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-mediated disorders of cholesterol trafficking from the lysosome to mitochondria. Furthermore, cholesterol trafficking disorder-mediated hepatic lipotoxicity induced by the low-dose level of AFB1 exposure was relieved by genetic or pharmaceutic activation of Rab7a to inhibit mTORC1 in vitro and ex vivo. In vivo, mTORC1 inhibitor (Torin1, 4 mg kg-1, i.p., every other day for 3 weeks) alleviated the cholesterol trafficking disorder-mediated hepatic lipotoxicity via upregulating the molecular machinery of lysosomes and mitochondria contact mediated by NPC1 and TSPO interaction in the low dose of AFB1 exposure. Altogether, our data suggested a novel mechanism that lysosomal Rab7a-mTORC1 signaling determined the cholesterol trafficking regulated by NPC1-TSPO from the lysosome to mitochondria, which promoted hepatic lipotoxicity via lysosomal quality control and mitochondria-dependent necroptosis signaling pathways in chemical mixture exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chi-Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xin-Mou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ting-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Su-Min Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Dong-Bei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhong-Ning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Li M, Fang Q, Xiu L, Yu L, Peng S, Wu X, Chen X, Niu X, Wang G, Kong Y. The molecular mechanisms of alpha-lipoic acid on ameliorating aflatoxin B 1-induced liver toxicity and physiological dysfunction in northern snakehead (Channa argus). Aquat Toxicol 2023; 257:106466. [PMID: 36871483 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the protective mechanism of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) on the food-borne aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure-induced liver toxicity and physiological dysfunction in the northern snakehead (Channa argus). 480 fish (9.24±0.01 g) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups and fed with four experimental diets for 56 d including the control group (CON), AFB1 group (200 ppb AFB1), 600 α-LA group (600 ppm α-LA+200 ppb AFB1), and 900 α-LA group (900 ppm α-LA+200 ppb AFB1). The results revealed that 600 and 900 ppm α-LA attenuated AFB1-induced growth inhibition and immunosuppression in northern snakehead. 600 ppm α-LA significantly decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase levels, and AFB1 bioaccumulation, and attenuated the changes of hepatic histopathological and ultrastructure induced by AFB1. Moreover, 600 and 900 ppm α-LA significantly up-regulated phase I metabolism genes (cytochrome P450-1a, 1b, and 3a) mRNA expression, inhibited the levels of malondialdehyde, 8‑hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine and reactive oxygen species in the liver. Notably, 600 ppm α-LA significantly up-regulated the expression levels of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 and its related downstream antioxidant molecules (heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, etc.), increased the phase II detoxification enzyme-related molecules (glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione), antioxidant parameters (catalase and superoxide dismutase, etc.), and the expressions of Nrf2 and Ho-1 protein in the presence of AFB1 exposure. Furthermore, 600 and 900 ppm α-LA significantly reduced the characteristic indices of AFB1-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (glucose-regulated protein 78 and inositol requiring enzyme 1, etc.), apoptosis (caspase-3 and cytochrome c, etc.) and inflammation (nuclear factor kappa B and tumor necrosis factor α, etc.), while increased the B-cell lymphoma-2 and inhibitor of κBα in the liver after being exposed to AFB1. To summarize, the above results indicate that dietary α-LA could modulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway to ameliorate AFB1-induced growth inhibition, liver toxicity, and physiological dysfunction in northern snakehead. Although the concentration of α-LA increased to 900 ppm from 600 ppm, the protective effects of the 900 ppm α-LA do not show an advantage over the 600 ppm α-LA, and even show inferiority in some respects. So that the recommended concentration of α-LA is 600 ppm. The present study provides the theoretical foundation for developing α-LA as the prevention and treatment of AFB1-induced liver toxicity in aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Qiongya Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Lei Xiu
- Testing Center of Quality and Safety in Aquatic Product, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Linhai Yu
- Testing Center of Quality and Safety in Aquatic Product, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Sibo Peng
- Jilin Academy of Fishery Sciences, Changchun 130033, PR. China
| | - Xueqin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Xiumei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Xiaotian Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China.
| | - Yidi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR. China.
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Che L, Huang J, Lin JX, Xu CY, Wu XM, Du ZB, Wu JS, Lin ZN, Lin YC. Aflatoxin B1 exposure triggers hepatic lipotoxicity via p53 and perilipin 2 interaction-mediated mitochondria-lipid droplet contacts: An in vitro and in vivo assessment. J Hazard Mater 2023; 445:130584. [PMID: 37055989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most toxic mycotoxins widely found in food contaminants, and its target organ is the liver. It poses a major food security and public health threat worldwide. However, the lipotoxicity mechanism of AFB1 exposure-induced liver injury remains unclear and requires further elucidation. Herein, we investigated the potential hepatic lipotoxicity of AFB1 exposure using in vitro and in vivo models to assess the public health hazards of high dietary AFB1 exposure. We demonstrated that low-dose of AFB1 (1.25 μM for 48 h, about one-fifth of the IC50 in HepG2 and HepaRG cells, IC50 are 5.995 μM and 5.266 μM, respectively) exposure significantly induced hepatic lipotoxicity, including abnormal lipid droplets (LDs) growth, mitochondria-LDs contacts increase, lipophagy disruption, and lipid accumulation. Mechanistically, we showed that AFB1 exposure promoted the mitochondrial p53 (mito-p53) and LDs-associated protein perilipin 2 (PLIN2) interaction-mediated mitochondria-LDs contacts, resulting in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Mito-p53-targeted inhibition, knockdown of PLIN2, and rapamycin application efficiently promoted the lysosome-dependent lipophagy and alleviated the hepatic lipotoxicity and liver injury induced by AFB1 exposure. Overall, our study found that mito-p53 and PLIN2 interaction mediates three organelles-mitochondria, LDs, and lysosomal networks to regulate lipid homeostasis in AFB1 exposure-induced hepatotoxicity, revealing how this unique trio of organelles works together and provides a novel insight into the targeted intervention in inter-organelle lipid sensing and trafficking for alleviating hazardous materials-induced hepatic lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jin-Xian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chi-Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xin-Mou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ze-Bang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jia-Shen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhong-Ning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Yanhua X, Haiwei L, Renyong Z. Cloning and expression of the catalase gene (KatA) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the degradation of AFB 1 by recombinant catalase. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:792-798. [PMID: 36054708 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) poses a severe threat to human and animal health. Countries worldwide have invested considerable manpower and material resources in degrading aflatoxins. Enzyme degradation is the most efficient and environmentally friendly approach for modifying aflatoxin into less toxic molecules. Catalase is commonly used as a detoxification agent to decrease the contamination levels of aflatoxins in animal feeds. This study aimed to obtain recombinant catalase via gene engineering and determined whether a recombinant catalase could degrade AFB1 . RESULTS The catalase gene (KatA) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the expression conditions of this recombinant catalase were optimized. The recombinant catalase was isolated and purified using Ni-chelating affinity chromatography, and its ability to degrade AFB1 was evaluated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the expressed of catalase was approximately 55.6 kDa, which was subsequently purified using Ni-chelating affinity chromatography. The degradation rate of AFB1 by recombinant catalase in the presence of syringaldehyde was 38.79%. CONCLUSION The degradation of AFB1 by a recombinant catalase has been reported for the first time. This study provides a new paradigm for the use of recombinant catalases in degrading AFB1 in food and feed. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yanhua
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lou Haiwei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhao Renyong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Xue G, Qu Y, Wu D, Huang S, Che Y, Yu J, Song P. Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B 1 in the Baijiu Brewing Process by Bacillus cereus. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:65. [PMID: 36668884 PMCID: PMC9860622 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin is a potent mycotoxin and a common source of grain contamination that leads to great economic losses and health problems. Although distilled baijiu cannot be contaminated by aflatoxin, its presence in the brewing process affects the physiological activities of micro-organisms and reduces product quality. Bacillus cereus XSWW9 capable of degrading aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was isolated from daqu using coumarin as the sole carbon source. XSWW9 degraded 86.7% of 1 mg/L AFB1 after incubation at 37 °C for 72 h and tolerated up to 1 mg/L AFB1 with no inhibitory effects. Enzymes in the cell-free supernatant of XSSW9 played a significant role in AFB1 degradation. The AFB1-degradation activity was sensitive to protease K and SDS treatment, which indicated that extracellular proteins were responsible for the degradation of AFB1. In order to investigate the AFB1-degradation ability of XSSW9 during the baijiu brewing process, AFB1 and XSWW9 were added to grain fermentation (FG-T) and normal grain fermentation without AFB1, while normal grain fermentation without AFB1 and XSWW9 was used as a control (FG-C). At the end of the fermentation, 99% AFB1 was degraded in the residue of fermented grains. The differences of microbial communities in the fermented grains showed that there were no significant differences between FG-T and FG-C in the relative abundance of dominant genera. The analysis of volatile compounds of their distillation showed that the contents of skeleton flavor components was similar between FG-T and FG-C. These results offer a basis for the development of effective strategies to reduce the effect of AFB1 on the brewing process and ensure that the production of baijiu is stable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Yu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Song
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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Liu S, Li J, Kang W, Li Y, Ge L, Liu D, Liu Y, Huang K. Aflatoxin B1 Induces Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction by Regulating the FXR-Mediated MLCK Signaling Pathway in Mice and in IPEC-J2 Cells. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:867-876. [PMID: 36579420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widespread mycotoxin in food and feed. Although the liver is the main target organ of AFB1, the intestine is the first exposure organ to AFB1. However, the mechanism by which AFB1 induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via regulating the farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-mediated myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signaling pathway has rarely been studied. In vivo, AFB1 exposure significantly decreased the small intestine length and increased the intestinal permeability. Meanwhile, AFB1 exposure markedly suppressed the protein expressions of FXR, ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 and enhanced the protein expression of MLCK. In vitro, AFB1 exposure induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by the elevation in the FITC-Dextran 4 kDa flux and inhibition in the transepithelial electrical resistance in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, AFB1 exposure downregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of FXR, ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1, redistributed the ZO-1 protein, and enhanced the protein expressions of MLCK and p-MLC. However, fexaramine (Fex, FXR agonist) pretreatment markedly reversed the AFB1-induced FXR activity reduction, MLCK protein activation, and intestinal barrier impairment in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, pretreatment with the inhibition of MLCK with ML-7 significantly alleviated the AFB1-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and tight junction disruption in vitro. In conclusion, AFB1 induced intestinal barrier impairment via regulating the FXR-mediated MLCK signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo and provided novel insights to prevent mycotoxin poisoning in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weili Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunhuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
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Aljazzar A, El-Ghareeb WR, Darwish WS, Abdel-Raheem SM, Ibrahim AM, Hegazy EE, Mohamed EA. Effects of aflatoxin B1 on human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells: cytotoxicity, oxidative damage, metabolic, and immune-modulatory transcriptomic changes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:13132-13140. [PMID: 36125688 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent mycotoxin that is commonly produced by molds such as Aspergillus (A.) flavus and A. parasiticus. AFB1 is associated with several health adverse effects in humans including mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Aflatoxin is commonly secreted in the milk leading to deleterious effects on breast tissue and potential nursing infants. However, the effects of aflatoxins, particularly AFB1, on the breast cells are less investigated. In this study, AFB1-associated effects on human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) were investigated. AFB1 caused significant cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells. Such cytotoxicity had a positive correlation with the induction of oxidative stress. In addition, AFB1 caused significant transcriptomic alterations in xenobiotics and drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and antioxidant enzymes. Besides, AFB1 upregulated pro-inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclooxygenase-2 with a significant reduction of mRNA expressions of the immunity-related genes including interleukins 8 and 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Aljazzar
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, P.O. Box: 400, Al Hofuf, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, P.O. Box: 400, Al Hofuf, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Sherief M Abdel-Raheem
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, P.O. Box: 400, Al Hofuf, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdelazim M Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, P.O. Box: 400, Al Hofuf, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman E Hegazy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Esraa A Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Liang L, Yang H, Wei S, Zhang S, Chen L, Hu Y, Lv Y. Putative C 2H 2 Transcription Factor AflZKS3 Regulates Aflatoxin and Pathogenicity in Aspergillus flavus. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120883. [PMID: 36548780 PMCID: PMC9786134 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin is a carcinogenic secondary metabolite that poses a serious threat to human and animal health. Some C2H2 transcription factors are associated with fungal growth and secondary metabolic regulation. In this study, we characterized the role of AflZKS3, a putative C2H2 transcription factor based on genome annotation, in the growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis of A. flavus and explored its possible mechanisms of action. Surprisingly, the protein was found to be located in the cytoplasm, and gene deletion in A. flavus resulted in defective growth and conidia formation, as well as increased sensitivity to the fluorescent brightener Calcofluor white, Congo red, NaCl, and sorbitol stress. Notably, the biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 was completely inhibited in the ΔAflZKS3 deletion strain, and its ability to infect peanut and corn seeds was also reduced. RNA sequencing showed that differentially expressed genes in the ΔAflZKS3 strain compared with the control and complementation strains were mainly associated with growth, aflatoxin biosynthesis, and oxidative stress. Thus, AflZKS3 likely contributes to growth, cell development, and aflatoxin synthesis in A. flavus. These findings lay the foundation for a deeper understanding of the roles of C2H2 transcription factors in A. flavus and provide a potential biocontrol target for preventing aflatoxin contamination.
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Wang Y, Wu J, Wang L, Yang P, Liu Z, Rajput SA, Hassan M, Qi D. Epigallocatechin Gallate and Glutathione Attenuate Aflatoxin B 1-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Ducklings via Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis and the Nrf2 Signalling Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:876. [PMID: 36548773 PMCID: PMC9782748 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exists widely in feed and food with severe hazards, posing a serious threat to human and animal health. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and glutathione (GSH) have been reported as having anti-oxidative and other functions. The present study aimed to investigate the detoxification effect of EGCG and GSH alone or in combination on AFB1 exposure in ducklings. Fifty one-day-old male ducklings were randomly assigned into five experimental groups (n = 10): 1. Control (CTR); 2. 0.3 mg/kg BW AFB1 (AFB1); 3. 0.3 mg/kg BW AFB1 + 100 mg/kg BW EGCG (AFB1 + EGCG); 4. 0.3 mg/kg BW AFB1 + 30 mg/kg BW GSH (AFB1 + GSH); 5. 0.3 mg/kg BW AFB1 + 100 mg/kg BW EGCG + 30 mg/kg BW GSH (AFB1 + EGCG + GSH). The experiment lasted for seven days. Compared with the CTR group, AFB1 reduced growth performance, total serum protein and albumin content, increased serum enzyme activity (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase), and caused pathological damage to the ducklings' livers. AFB1 exposure increased malondialdehyde content and decreased superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activities, and glutathione content in the liver. EGCG and GSH alone or in combination mitigated these adverse effects. Meanwhile, EGCG and GSH attenuate apoptosis of hepatocytes, and regulated AFB1-induced changes in the abundance of genes contained in the Keap1/Nrf2 signalling and apoptotic pathways. Collectively, these results suggest that EGCG and GSH alleviate the hepatocyte injury induced by AFB1 by inhibiting oxidative stress and attenuating excessive mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingfeng Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zuhong Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430208, China
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Department of Animal Feed and Production, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Mubashar Hassan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Sui Y, Lu Y, Zuo S, Wang H, Bian X, Chen G, Huang S, Dai H, Liu F, Dong H. Aflatoxin B 1 Exposure in Sheep: Insights into Hepatotoxicity Based on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Injury, Apoptosis, and Gut Microbiota Analysis. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120840. [PMID: 36548738 PMCID: PMC9787800 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread fungal toxin Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is an inevitable pollutant affecting the health of humans, poultry, and livestock. Although studies indicate that AFB1 is hepatotoxic, there are few studies on AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity in sheep. Thus, this study examined how AFB1 affected sheep liver function 24 h after the animals received 1 mg/kg bw of AFB1 orally (dissolved in 20 mL, 4% v/v ethanol). The acute AFB1 poisoning caused histopathological injuries to the liver and increased total bilirubin (TBIL) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) levels. AFB1 also markedly elevated the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 while considerably reducing the expression of antioxidation-related genes (SOD-1 and SOD-2) and the anti-inflammatory gene IL-10 in the liver. Additionally, it caused apoptosis by dramatically altering the expression of genes associated with apoptosis including Bax, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2/Bax. Notably, AFB1 exposure altered the gut microbiota composition, mainly manifested by BF311 spp. and Alistipes spp. abundance, which are associated with liver injury. In conclusion, AFB1 can cause liver injury and liver dysfunction in sheep via oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and gut-microbiota disturbance.
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Singh BK, Chaudhari AK, Das S, Tiwari S, Dubey NK. Preparation and characterization of a novel nanoemulsion consisting of chitosan and Cinnamomum tamala essential oil and its effect on shelf-life lengthening of stored millets. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2022; 187:105214. [PMID: 36127040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to improve the stability of Cinnamomum tamala essential oil (CTEO) via encapsulating into chitosan nanoemulsion (CsNe) through an ionic-gelation technique and explore its food preservative efficacy against aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus (AFLHPSi-1, isolated from stored millet), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination, and lipid peroxidation, causing qualitative deterioration of stored millets. The CTEO was characterized through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis that confirmed the presence of linalool as a major component occupying approximately 82.64% of the total oil. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of CTEO-CsNe were found to be 97.71% and 3.33%, respectively. In vitro release study showed a biphasic release pattern: with an initial burst release followed by a controlled release of CTEO. During investigation of efficacy, the CTEO-CsNe caused complete inhibition of A. flavus growth, and AFB1 biosynthesis at 1.0 and 0.8 μL/mL, respectively. The CTEO-CsNe exhibited its antifungal mode of action by altering fungal plasma membrane integrity (ergosterol inhibition) and permeability (leakage of important cellular constituents), and antiaflatoxigenic mode of action by inhibiting cellular methylglyoxal biosynthesis. CTEO-CsNe showed high free radical scavenging capacity (IC50 = 5.08 and 2.56 μL/mL) against DPPH•+ and ABTS•+ radicals, respectively. In addition, CTEO-CsNe presented remarkable preservative efficacy, inhibiting AFB1 and lipid peroxidation in model food system (Setaria italica) without altering their organoleptic properties. Based on overall results, CTEO-CsNe can be recommended as a novel shelf-life enhancer of stored millet samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijendra Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anand Kumar Chaudhari
- Department of Botany, Government Girls' P.G. College, Ghazipur 233001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Somenath Das
- Department of Botany, Burdwan Raj College, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal 713104, India
| | - Shikha Tiwari
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Nawal Kishore Dubey
- Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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