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Mukai H, Takanashi M, Ogawara KI, Maruyama M, Higaki K. Possible Regulation of P-Glycoprotein Function by Adrenergic Agonists II: Study with Isolated Rat Jejunal Sheets and Caco-2 Cell monolayers. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1209-1219. [PMID: 37984697 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the regulation of drug absorption by the enteric nervous system, we investigated how adrenergic agonists (adrenaline (ADR), clonidine (CLO), dobutamine (DOB)) and dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP) affected P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function by utilizing isolated rat jejunal sheets and Caco-2 cell monolayers. ADR and CLO significantly decreased the secretory transport (Papptotal) of rhodamine-123 and tended to decrease the transport via P-gp (PappP-gp) and passive transport (Papppassive). In contrast, DBcAMP significantly increased and DOB tended to increase Papptotal and both tended to increase PappP-gpand Papppassive. Changes in P-gp expression on brush border membrane by adrenergic agonists and DBcAMP were significantly correlated with PappP-gp, while P-gp expression was not changed in whole cell homogenates, suggesting that the trafficking of P-gp would be responsible for its functional changes. Papppassive was inversely correlated with transmucosal or transepithelial electrical resistance, indicating that adrenergic agonists affected the paracellular permeability. Adrenergic agonists also changed cAMP levels, which were significantly correlated with PappP-gp. Furthermore, protein kinase A (PKA) or PKC inhibitor significantly decreased PappP-gp in Caco-2 cell monolayers, suggesting that they would partly contribute to the changes in P-gp activity. In conclusion, adrenergic agonists regulated P-gp function and paracellular permeability, which would be caused via adrenoceptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Mukai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Production Department, Odawara Central Factory, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 676-1 Kuwahara, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0861, Japan
| | - Masashi Takanashi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Central Hyogo Area, Hanshin Dispensing Pharmacy, I & H Co., Ltd., 1-18 Ohmasu-cho, Ashiya, Hyogo 659-0066, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ogawara
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8558, Japan
| | - Masato Maruyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Higaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Dehnbostel FO, Dixit VA, Preissner R, Banerjee P. Non-animal models for blood-brain barrier permeability evaluation of drug-like compounds. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8908. [PMID: 38632344 PMCID: PMC11024088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Diseases related to the central nervous system (CNS) are major health concerns and have serious social and economic impacts. Developing new drugs for CNS-related disorders presents a major challenge as it actively involves delivering drugs into the CNS. Therefore, it is imperative to develop in silico methodologies to reliably identify potential lead compounds that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and help to thoroughly understand the role of different physicochemical properties fundamental to the BBB permeation of molecules. In this study, we have analysed the chemical space of the CNS drugs and compared it to the non-CNS-approved drugs. Additionally, we have collected a feature selection dataset from Muehlbacher et al. (J Comput Aided Mol Des 25(12):1095-1106, 2011. 10.1007/s10822-011-9478-1) and an in-house dataset. This information was utilised to design a molecular fingerprint that was used to train machine learning (ML) models. The best-performing models reported in this study achieved accuracies of 0.997 and 0.98, sensitivities of 1.0 and 0.992, specificities of 0.971 and 0.962, MCCs of 0.984 and 0.958, and ROC-AUCs of 0.997 and 0.999 on an imbalanced and a balanced dataset, respectively. They demonstrated overall good accuracies and sensitivities in the blind validation dataset. The reported models can be applied for fast and early screening drug-like molecules with BBB potential. Furthermore, the bbbPythoN package can be used by the research community to both produce the BBB-specific molecular fingerprints and employ the models mentioned earlier for BBB-permeability prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic O Dehnbostel
- Institute for Physiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vaibhav A Dixit
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceuticals, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, (NIPER Gu-Wahati), Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Government of India, Sila Katamur (Halugurisuk), Kamrup, P.O.: Changsari, Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Robert Preissner
- Institute for Physiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Institute for Physiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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Yang M, Su S, Cheng S, Wang Z, Du M. Absorption and transport properties of a codfish-derived peptide and its protective effect on bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:3496-3506. [PMID: 38463011 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04819e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
A potential osteogenic tetradecapeptide with the amino acid sequence GETNPADSKPGSIR (P-GM-2) was identified from Gadus morhua. The present study aimed to elucidate its absorption and transport properties using Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture monolayers and to evaluate its osteogenic activity using an ovariectomized mouse model. The results showed that P-GM-2 could cross Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture barriers intactly with an apparent permeability coefficient of 4.02 × 10-6 cm s-1via the TJ-mediated passive paracellular pathway. Pharmacokinetic results revealed that P-GM-2 was detectable in the blood of mice within 5 min of oral administration and reached its maximum concentration at 30 min. Furthermore, the oral administration of P-GM-2 for a duration of three months has been found to effectively regulate the secretion of key markers of bone turnover, thereby protecting against bone microstructure degeneration and bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Importantly, no toxicity related to the treatment was observed. Taken together, these findings offer valuable insights into the absorption and transport mechanisms of P-GM-2, highlighting its potential as a safe and effective active ingredient for preventing osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Shengpeng Su
- Inner Mongolia Enterprise Key Laboratory of Dairy Nutrition, Health & Safety, Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd, Huhhot 011500, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhen Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Rickman OJ, Guignard E, Chabanon T, Bertoldi G, Auberson M, Hummler E. Tmprss2 maintains epithelial barrier integrity and transepithelial sodium transport. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302304. [PMID: 38171596 PMCID: PMC10765116 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The mouse cortical collecting duct cell line presents a tight epithelium with regulated ion and water transport. The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is localized in the apical membrane and constitutes the rate-limiting step for sodium entry, thereby enabling transepithelial transport of sodium ions. The membrane-bound serine protease Tmprss2 is co-expressed with the alpha subunit of ENaC. αENaC gene expression followed the Tmprss2 expression, and the absence of Tmprss2 resulted not only in down-regulation of αENaC gene and protein expression but also in abolished transepithelial sodium transport. In addition, RNA-sequencing analyses unveiled drastic down-regulation of the membrane-bound protease CAP3/St14, the epithelial adhesion molecule EpCAM, and the tight junction proteins claudin-7 and claudin-3 as also confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In summary, our data clearly demonstrate a dual role of Tmprss2 in maintaining not only ENaC-mediated transepithelial but also EpCAM/claudin-7-mediated paracellular barrier; the tight epithelium of the mouse renal mCCD cells becomes leaky. Our working model proposes that Tmprss2 acts via CAP3/St14 on EpCAM/claudin-7 tight junction complexes and through regulating transcription of αENaC on ENaC-mediated sodium transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Rickman
- https://ror.org/019whta54 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emma Guignard
- https://ror.org/019whta54 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Chabanon
- https://ror.org/019whta54 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Bertoldi
- https://ror.org/019whta54 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Auberson
- https://ror.org/019whta54 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edith Hummler
- https://ror.org/019whta54 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Mandeville ET, Buchan AM, Tiedt S. Not open and shut: Complex and prolonged blood-brain barrier responses after stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:446-448. [PMID: 38000041 PMCID: PMC10870962 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231216153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier dysfunction (BBB) occurs rapidly after stroke and contributes to edema, inflammation, and secondary brain injury including haemorrhage. Two recent studies shed light on the temporal extent of post-stroke BBB dysfunction as well as its consequences for drug delivery. Zhang et al. found increases in BBB permeability that persist up to one-year post-ischemia. Despite increased paracellular leakage, Stanton et al. showed that transcellular transporter systems are required to deliver therapeutics into brain parenchyma. Both studies remind us of the complexity of BBB responses after stroke and provide novel entry points for future research into the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiri T Mandeville
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA), Munich, Germany
| | - Alastair M Buchan
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA), Munich, Germany
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steffen Tiedt
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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6
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Leggere JC, Hibbard JV, Papoulas O, Lee C, Pearson CG, Marcotte EM, Wallingford JB. Label-free proteomic comparison reveals ciliary and nonciliary phenotypes of IFT-A mutants. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar39. [PMID: 38170584 PMCID: PMC10916875 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-03-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
DIFFRAC is a powerful method for systematically comparing proteome content and organization between samples in a high-throughput manner. By subjecting control and experimental protein extracts to native chromatography and quantifying the contents of each fraction using mass spectrometry, it enables the quantitative detection of alterations to protein complexes and abundances. Here, we applied DIFFRAC to investigate the consequences of genetic loss of Ift122, a subunit of the intraflagellar transport-A (IFT-A) protein complex that plays a vital role in the formation and function of cilia and flagella, on the proteome of Tetrahymena thermophila. A single DIFFRAC experiment was sufficient to detect changes in protein behavior that mirrored known effects of IFT-A loss and revealed new biology. We uncovered several novel IFT-A-regulated proteins, which we validated through live imaging in Xenopus multiciliated cells, shedding new light on both the ciliary and non-ciliary functions of IFT-A. Our findings underscore the robustness of DIFFRAC for revealing proteomic changes in response to genetic or biochemical perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle C. Leggere
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712
| | - Jaime V.K. Hibbard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712
| | - Ophelia Papoulas
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712
| | - Chanjae Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712
| | - Chad G. Pearson
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Edward M. Marcotte
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712
| | - John B. Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712
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7
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Meng W, Ma Z, Ye H, Liu L, Han Q, Shi Q. Polyphenolic oligomer-derived multienzyme activity for the treatment of ischemic Stroke through ROS scavenging and blood-brain barrier restoration. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2123-2138. [PMID: 38314923 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02676k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury are two major stress disorders before and after ischemic stroke (IS) therapy. The intense inflammatory response also causes damage to nerve cells, affecting the repair of brain tissue. In this study, polyphenolic nanoparticles (PPNs) with strong free radical scavenging ability were designed to treat IS multimodally. To investigate the mechanism of polyphenolic polymerization, solid nanoparticles were synthesized using four kinds of polyphenol compounds as the basic unit under the control of temperature. The form of polymerization between monomers with different structures led to changes in the chemical properties of the corresponding nanoparticles as well as the antioxidant capacity at the cellular level. Particularly, PPNs can significantly improve cerebral infarction and penetrate and repair the BBB, and even downregulate levels of inflammatory cytokines. Molecular signaling pathway studies have shown that PPNs can provide comprehensive treatment of IS by promoting the expression of tight junction protein and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, PPNs combined with the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and BBB repair ability not only provide a perfect therapeutic pathway but also give ideas for the development of natural material carriers that have a wide application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| | - Hongbo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qiaoyi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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8
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Cina NP, Frank DW, Klug CS. Residues within the LptC transmembrane helix are critical for Escherichia coli LptB 2 FG ATPase regulation. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4879. [PMID: 38131105 PMCID: PMC10804673 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis in Gram-negative bacteria is completed at the outer leaflet of the inner membrane (IM). Following synthesis, seven LPS transport (Lpt) proteins facilitate the movement of LPS to the outer membrane (OM), an essential process that if disrupted at any stage has lethal effects on bacterial viability. LptB2 FG, the IM component of the Lpt bridge system, is a type VI ABC transporter that provides the driving force for LPS extraction from the IM and subsequent transport across a stable protein bridge to the outer leaflet of the OM. LptC is a periplasmic protein anchored to the IM by a single transmembrane (TM) helix intercalating within the lateral gate formed by LptF TM5 and LptG TM1. LptC facilitates the hand-off of LPS from LptB2 FG to the periplasmic protein LptA and has been shown to regulate the ATPase activity of LptB2 FG. Here, using an engineered chromosomal knockout system in Escherichia coli to assess the effects of LptC mutations in vivo, we identified six partial loss of function LptC mutations in the first unbiased alanine screen of this essential protein. To investigate the functional effects of these mutations, nanoDSF (differential scanning fluorimetry) and site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with an in vitro ATPase assay show that specific residues in the TM helix of LptC destabilize the LptB2 FGC complex and regulate the ATPase activity of LptB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Cina
- Department of BiophysicsMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Dara W. Frank
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Candice S. Klug
- Department of BiophysicsMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
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9
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Han F, Gao J, Lv G, Liu T, Hu Q, Zhu M, Du Z, Yang J, Yao Z, Fang X, Ni D, Zhang J. Magnetic resonance imaging with upconversion nanoprobes capable of crossing the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:43. [PMID: 38287357 PMCID: PMC10826186 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) maintains homeostasis with its surrounding environment by restricting the ingress of large hydrophilic molecules, immune cells, pathogens, and other external harmful substances to the brain. This function relies heavily on the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (B-CSF) and blood-brain barrier (BBB). Although considerable research has examined the structure and function of the BBB, the B-CSF barrier has received little attention. Therapies for disorders associated with the central nervous system have the potential to benefit from targeting the B-CSF barrier to enhance medication penetration into the brain. In this study, we synthesized a nanoprobe ANG-PEG-UCNP capable of crossing the B-CSF barrier with high targeting specificity using a hydrocephalus model for noninvasive magnetic resonance ventriculography to understand the mechanism by which the CSF barrier may be crossed and identify therapeutic targets of CNS diseases. This magnetic resonance nanoprobe ANG-PEG-UCNP holds promising potential as a safe and effective means for accurately defining the ventricular anatomy and correctly locating sites of CSF obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jiahao Gao
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Guanglei Lv
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Hu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Meilin Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zunguo Du
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwei Yao
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214023, P.R. China.
| | - Dalong Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P.R. China.
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China.
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Khor SLQ, Ng KY, Koh RY, Chye SM. Blood-brain Barrier and Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: From Clinical Insights to Pathogenic Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2024; 23:315-330. [PMID: 36999187 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230330093829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a crucial role in the central nervous system by tightly regulating the influx and efflux of biological substances between the brain parenchyma and peripheral circulation. Its restrictive nature acts as an obstacle to protect the brain from potentially noxious substances such as blood-borne toxins, immune cells, and pathogens. Thus, the maintenance of its structural and functional integrity is vital in the preservation of neuronal function and cellular homeostasis in the brain microenvironment. However, the barrier's foundation can become compromised during neurological or pathological conditions, which can result in dysregulated ionic homeostasis, impaired transport of nutrients, and accumulation of neurotoxins that eventually lead to irreversible neuronal loss. Initially, the BBB is thought to remain intact during neurodegenerative diseases, but accumulating evidence as of late has suggested the possible association of BBB dysfunction with Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology. The neurodegeneration occurring in PD is believed to stem from a myriad of pathogenic mechanisms, including tight junction alterations, abnormal angiogenesis, and dysfunctional BBB transporter mechanism, which ultimately causes altered BBB permeability. In this review, the major elements of the neurovascular unit (NVU) comprising the BBB are discussed, along with their role in the maintenance of barrier integrity and PD pathogenesis. We also elaborated on how the neuroendocrine system can influence the regulation of BBB function and PD pathogenesis. Several novel therapeutic approaches targeting the NVU components are explored to provide a fresh outlook on treatment options for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lei Qi Khor
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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11
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Takiguchi T, Sugio K, Masuda M, Sasaki S, Miyauchi S. Uptake of Fluorescein via a pH-Dependent Monocarboxylate Transporter by Human Kidney 2 (HK-2) Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:79-87. [PMID: 38171781 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we investigated whether a fluorescent probe for an organic anion transporter (OAT), fluorescein (FLS), could be accumulated by human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells derived from human kidney proximal tubular epithelia. HK-2 cells took up FLS in a pH-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. FLS accumulation by HK-2 cells was inhibited by monocarboxylic acids, ibuprofen, rosuvastatin, and indoleacetic acid but not by typical substrates for OATs. A typical protonophore, carbonyl cyanide p-trichloromethoxyphenylhydrazone completely abolished FLS accumulation by HK-2 cells. The FLS efflux process from the preloaded HK-2 cells exhibited substantial trans-stimulation by the excess amount of extracellular FLS transport inhibitable monocarboxylate compounds such as 2,4-dichloro phenoxyacetic acid, fluvastatin, ibuprofen, indoleacetic acid, salicylic acid and rosuvastatin, indicating that the FLS transporter can recognize and accumulate them into the cells in a pH-dependent manner. The involvement of the FLS transporter in the reabsorption of monocarboxylic compounds was indicated by demonstrating that the pH-dependent FLS uptake is inhibited by various monocarboxylates in rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles. pH-dependent FLS uptake was trans-stimulated by the inhibitable monocarboxylates. Collectively, the present data indicate that the pH-dependent transporters expressed in HK-2 cells are involved in the reabsorption of monocarboxylates from the urinary fluid into the tubular epithelia.
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12
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Ronaldson PT, Davis TP. Blood-brain barrier transporters: a translational consideration for CNS delivery of neurotherapeutics. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:71-89. [PMID: 38217410 PMCID: PMC10842757 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2306138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Successful neuropharmacology requires optimization of CNS drug delivery and, by extension, free drug concentrations at brain molecular targets. Detailed assessment of blood-brain barrier (BBB) physiological characteristics is necessary to achieve this goal. The 'next frontier' in CNS drug delivery is targeting BBB uptake transporters, an approach that requires evaluation of brain endothelial cell transport processes so that effective drug accumulation and improved therapeutic efficacy can occur. AREAS COVERED BBB permeability of drugs is governed by tight junction protein complexes (i.e., physical barrier) and transporters/enzymes (i.e., biochemical barrier). For most therapeutics, a component of blood-to-brain transport involves passive transcellular diffusion. Small molecule drugs that do not possess acceptable physicochemical characteristics for passive permeability may utilize putative membrane transporters for CNS uptake. While both uptake and efflux transport mechanisms are expressed at the brain microvascular endothelium, uptake transporters can be targeted for optimization of brain drug delivery and improved treatment of neurological disease states. EXPERT OPINION Uptake transporters represent a unique opportunity to optimize brain drug delivery by leveraging the endogenous biology of the BBB. A rigorous understanding of these transporters is required to improve translation from the bench to clinical trials and stimulate the development of new treatment paradigms for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona College of Medicine
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13
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Zhang W. Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)-Crossing Strategies for Improved Treatment of CNS Disorders. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 284:213-230. [PMID: 37528323 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a special biological property of the brain neurovascular unit (including brain microvessels and capillaries), which facilitates the transport of nutrients into the central nervous system (CNS) and exchanges metabolites but restricts passage of blood-borne neurotoxic substances and drugs/xenobiotics into CNS. BBB plays a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis and normal physiological functions of CNS but severely impedes the delivery of drugs and biotherapeutics into CNS for treatment of neurological disorders. A variety of technologies have been developed in the past decade for brain drug delivery. Most of these technologies are still in preclinical stage and some are undergoing clinical studies. Only a few have been approved by regulatory agencies for clinical applications. This chapter will overview the strategies and technologies/approaches for brain drug delivery and discuss some of the recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandong Zhang
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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14
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Rotllan N, Julve J, Escolà-Gil JC. Type 2 Diabetes and HDL Dysfunction: A Key Contributor to Glycemic Control. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:280-285. [PMID: 36722477 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230201124125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) have been shown to exert multiple cardioprotective and antidiabetic functions, such as their ability to promote cellular cholesterol efflux and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is usually associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels as well as with significant alterations in the HDL composition, thereby impairing its main functions. HDL dysfunction also negatively impacts both pancreatic β-cell function and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, perpetuating this adverse self-feeding cycle. The impairment of these pathways is partly dependent on cellular ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1-mediated efflux to lipid-poor apolipoprotein (apo) A-I in the extracellular space. In line with these findings, experimental interventions aimed at improving HDL functions, such as infusions of synthetic HDL or lipid-poor apoA-I, significantly improved glycemic control in T2D patients and experimental models of the disease. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors are specific drugs designed to increase HDLC and HDL functions. Posthoc analyses of large clinical trials with CETP inhibitors have demonstrated their potential anti-diabetic properties. Research on HDL functionality and HDL-based therapies could be a crucial step toward improved glycemic control in T2D subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Rotllan
- Institut de recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Institut de recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut de recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Madan V, Albacete‐Albacete L, Jin L, Scaturro P, Watson JL, Muschalik N, Begum F, Boulanger J, Bauer K, Kiebler MA, Derivery E, Bullock SL. HEATR5B associates with dynein-dynactin and promotes motility of AP1-bound endosomal membranes. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114473. [PMID: 37872872 PMCID: PMC10690479 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule motor dynein mediates polarised trafficking of a wide variety of organelles, vesicles and macromolecules. These functions are dependent on the dynactin complex, which helps recruit cargoes to dynein's tail and activates motor movement. How the dynein-dynactin complex orchestrates trafficking of diverse cargoes is unclear. Here, we identify HEATR5B, an interactor of the adaptor protein-1 (AP1) clathrin adaptor complex, as a novel player in dynein-dynactin function. HEATR5B was recovered in a biochemical screen for proteins whose association with the dynein tail is augmented by dynactin. We show that HEATR5B binds directly to the dynein tail and dynactin and stimulates motility of AP1-associated endosomal membranes in human cells. We also demonstrate that the Drosophila HEATR5B homologue is an essential gene that selectively promotes dynein-based transport of AP1-bound membranes to the Golgi apparatus. As HEATR5B lacks the coiled-coil architecture typical of dynein adaptors, our data point to a non-canonical process orchestrating motor function on a specific cargo. We additionally show that HEATR5B promotes association of AP1 with endosomal membranes independently of dynein. Thus, HEATR5B co-ordinates multiple events in AP1-based trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Madan
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- Present address:
AbcamCambridgeUK
| | - Lucas Albacete‐Albacete
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Li Jin
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | | | - Joseph L Watson
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Department of BiochemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Nadine Muschalik
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Farida Begum
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Jérôme Boulanger
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Karl Bauer
- Biomedical Center, Department for Cell Biology, Medical FacultyLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Michael A Kiebler
- Biomedical Center, Department for Cell Biology, Medical FacultyLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Emmanuel Derivery
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
| | - Simon L Bullock
- Division of Cell BiologyMedical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
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16
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Ung KL, Schulz L, Kleine-Vehn J, Pedersen BP, Hammes UZ. Auxin transport at the endoplasmic reticulum: roles and structural similarity of PIN-FORMED and PIN-LIKES. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:6893-6903. [PMID: 37279330 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial plant hormone that controls a multitude of developmental processes. The directional movement of auxin between cells is largely facilitated by canonical PIN-FORMED proteins in the plasma membrane. In contrast, non-canonical PIN-FORMED proteins and PIN-LIKES proteins appear to reside mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Despite recent progress in identifying the roles of the endoplasmic reticulum in cellular auxin responses, the transport dynamics of auxin at the endoplasmic reticulum are not well understood. PIN-LIKES are structurally related to PIN-FORMED proteins, and recently published structures of these transporters have provided new insights into PIN-FORMED proteins and PIN-LIKES function. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on PIN-FORMED proteins and PIN-LIKES in intracellular auxin transport. We discuss the physiological properties of the endoplasmic reticulum and the consequences for transport processes across the ER membrane. Finally, we highlight the emerging role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the dynamics of cellular auxin signalling and its impact on plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Lam Ung
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lukas Schulz
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Institute of Biology II, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Z Hammes
- Plant Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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17
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Alkhalifa AE, Al-Ghraiybah NF, Odum J, Shunnarah JG, Austin N, Kaddoumi A. Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Targeted Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16288. [PMID: 38003477 PMCID: PMC10671257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique and selective feature of the central nervous system's vasculature. BBB dysfunction has been observed as an early sign of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) before the onset of dementia or neurodegeneration. The intricate relationship between the BBB and the pathogenesis of AD, especially in the context of neurovascular coupling and the overlap of pathophysiology in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases, underscores the urgency to understand the BBB's role more deeply. Preserving or restoring the BBB function emerges as a potentially promising strategy for mitigating the progression and severity of AD. Molecular and genetic changes, such as the isoform ε4 of apolipoprotein E (ApoEε4), a significant genetic risk factor and a promoter of the BBB dysfunction, have been shown to mediate the BBB disruption. Additionally, receptors and transporters like the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) have been implicated in AD's pathogenesis. In this comprehensive review, we endeavor to shed light on the intricate pathogenic and therapeutic connections between AD and the BBB. We also delve into the latest developments and pioneering strategies targeting the BBB for therapeutic interventions, addressing its potential as a barrier and a carrier. By providing an integrative perspective, we anticipate paving the way for future research and treatments focused on exploiting the BBB's role in AD pathogenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 720 S. Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (A.E.A.); (N.F.A.-G.); (J.O.); (J.G.S.); (N.A.)
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18
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Dong M, Li P, Luo J, Chen B, Jiang H. Oligopeptide/Histidine Transporter PHT1 and PHT2 - Function, Regulation, and Pathophysiological Implications Specifically in Immunoregulation. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2585-2596. [PMID: 37610621 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The oligopeptide/histidine transporters PHT1 and PHT2, two mammalian solute carrier family 15A proteins, mediate the transmembrane transport of histidine and some di/tripeptides via proton gradient. PHT1 and PHT2 are distributed in a variety of tissues but are preferentially expressed in immune cells and localize to the lysosome-related organelles. Studies have reported the relationships between PHT1/PHT2 and immune diseases. PHT1 and PHT2 participate in the regulation of lysosomal homeostasis and lysosome-associated signaling pathways through their transport and nontransport functions, playing important roles in inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize recent research on PHT1 and PHT2, aiming to provide reference for their further biological research and as targets for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlei Dong
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binxin Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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19
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Jorgensen C, Troendle EP, Ulmschneider JP, Searson PC, Ulmschneider MB. A least-squares-fitting procedure for an efficient preclinical ranking of passive transport across the blood-brain barrier endothelium. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2023; 37:537-549. [PMID: 37573260 PMCID: PMC10505096 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-023-00525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of various disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) is often impeded by the limited brain exposure of drugs, which is regulated by the human blood-brain barrier (BBB). The screening of lead compounds for CNS penetration is challenging due to the biochemical complexity of the BBB, while experimental determination of permeability is not feasible for all types of compounds. Here we present a novel method for rapid preclinical screening of libraries of compounds by utilizing advancements in computing hardware, with its foundation in transition-based counting of the flux. This method has been experimentally validated for in vitro permeabilities and provides atomic-level insights into transport mechanisms. Our approach only requires a single high-temperature simulation to rank a compound relative to a library, with a typical simulation time converging within 24 to 72 h. The method offers unbiased thermodynamic and kinetic information to interpret the passive transport of small-molecule drugs across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jorgensen
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Peter C Searson
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Alam S, Doherty E, Ortega-Prieto P, Arizanova J, Fets L. Membrane transporters in cell physiology, cancer metabolism and drug response. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050404. [PMID: 38037877 PMCID: PMC10695176 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
By controlling the passage of small molecules across lipid bilayers, membrane transporters influence not only the uptake and efflux of nutrients, but also the metabolic state of the cell. With more than 450 members, the Solute Carriers (SLCs) are the largest transporter super-family, clustering into families with different substrate specificities and regulatory properties. Cells of different types are, therefore, able to tailor their transporter expression signatures depending on their metabolic requirements, and the physiological importance of these proteins is illustrated by their mis-regulation in a number of disease states. In cancer, transporter expression is heterogeneous, and the SLC family has been shown to facilitate the accumulation of biomass, influence redox homeostasis, and also mediate metabolic crosstalk with other cell types within the tumour microenvironment. This Review explores the roles of membrane transporters in physiological and malignant settings, and how these roles can affect drug response, through either indirect modulation of sensitivity or the direct transport of small-molecule therapeutic compounds into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alam
- Drug Transport and Tumour Metabolism Lab, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Emily Doherty
- Drug Transport and Tumour Metabolism Lab, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paula Ortega-Prieto
- Drug Transport and Tumour Metabolism Lab, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Julia Arizanova
- Drug Transport and Tumour Metabolism Lab, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Louise Fets
- Drug Transport and Tumour Metabolism Lab, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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21
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Liu X, Zhang J, Chen Z, Xiao J, Zhou A, Fu Y, Cao Y. Cluster-determinant 36 (CD36) mediates intestinal absorption of dietary astaxanthin and affects its secretion. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113328. [PMID: 37803639 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The functional activity of dietary astaxanthin is closely related to its absorption, and the absorption of dietary carotenoids mainly mediated by transmembrane transport protein (TTP) has become the mainstream research direction in recent years. However, the main TTP mediating astaxanthin absorption and its potential mechanisms are still unclear. Hence, based on the preliminary screening results, this study aims to elucidate the role of cluster-determinant 36 (CD36) mediating astaxanthin absorption from the perspective of expression levels through in vitro cell model, in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model and in vivo mice model. The results showed that astaxanthin uptake was significantly increased by 45.13% in CD36 overexpressing cells and decreased by 20.92% in the case of sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate (SSO) inhibition. A similar trend also appeared in the duodenum and jejunum by in situ model. Moreover, astaxanthin uptake in the small intestine of CD36 knockout mice was significantly reduced by 88.22%. Furthermore, the inhibition or knockout of CD36 suppressed the expression of other transporters (SR-BI and NPC1L1). Interestingly, CD36 was also involved in the downstream secretion pathway, which is manifested by interfering with the expression of related proteins (ERK1/2, MTP, ApoB48, and ApoAI). Therefore, these results indicate the important role of CD36 in astaxanthin transmembrane transport for the first time, providing vital exploration way for the absorption of dietary fat-soluble substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Junlin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Aimei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongshui Fu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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22
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Fu H, Vuononvirta J, Fanti S, Bonacina F, D'Amati A, Wang G, Poobalasingam T, Fankhaenel M, Lucchesi D, Coleby R, Tarussio D, Thorens B, Hearnden RJ, Longhi MP, Grevitt P, Sheikh MH, Solito E, Godinho SA, Bombardieri M, Smith DM, Cooper D, Iqbal AJ, Rathmell JC, Schaefer S, Morales V, Bianchi K, Norata GD, Marelli-Berg FM. The glucose transporter 2 regulates CD8 + T cell function via environment sensing. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1969-1985. [PMID: 37884694 PMCID: PMC10663157 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
T cell activation is associated with a profound and rapid metabolic response to meet increased energy demands for cell division, differentiation and development of effector function. Glucose uptake and engagement of the glycolytic pathway are major checkpoints for this event. Here we show that the low-affinity, concentration-dependent glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) regulates the development of CD8+ T cell effector responses in mice by promoting glucose uptake, glycolysis and glucose storage. Expression of Glut2 is modulated by environmental factors including glucose and oxygen availability and extracellular acidification. Glut2 is highly expressed by circulating, recently primed T cells, allowing efficient glucose uptake and storage. In glucose-deprived inflammatory environments, Glut2 becomes downregulated, thus preventing passive loss of intracellular glucose. Mechanistically, Glut2 expression is regulated by a combination of molecular interactions involving hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha, galectin-9 and stomatin. Finally, we show that human T cells also rely on this glucose transporter, thus providing a potential target for therapeutic immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Fu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Juho Vuononvirta
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Fanti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DisFeB), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Amati
- Section of Anatomical Pathology Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Guosu Wang
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Thanushiyan Poobalasingam
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maria Fankhaenel
- Bart's Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Davide Lucchesi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Coleby
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David Tarussio
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Center for Integrative Genomics, Génopode Building - UNIL Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Center for Integrative Genomics, Génopode Building - UNIL Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert J Hearnden
- Bart's Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M Paula Longhi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul Grevitt
- Bart's Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Madeeha H Sheikh
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Susana A Godinho
- Bart's Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David M Smith
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dianne Cooper
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel Schaefer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Valle Morales
- Bart's Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Katiuscia Bianchi
- Bart's Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DisFeB), Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica M Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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23
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Kim E, Van Reet J, Yoo SS. Cerebrospinal fluid solute transport associated with sensorimotor brain activity in rodents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17002. [PMID: 37813871 PMCID: PMC10562378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is crucial for maintaining neuronal homeostasis, providing nutrition, and removing metabolic waste from the brain. However, the relationship between neuronal activity and CSF solute transport remains poorly understood. To investigate the effect of regional neuronal activity on CSF solute transport, Sprague-Dawley rats (all male, n = 30) under anesthesia received an intracisternal injection of a fluorescent tracer (Texas Red ovalbumin) and were subjected to unilateral electrical stimulation of a forelimb. Two groups (n = 10 each) underwent two different types of stimulation protocols for 90 min, one including intermittent 7.5-s resting periods and the other without rest. The control group was not stimulated. Compared to the control, the stimulation without resting periods led to increased transport across most of the cortical areas, including the ventricles. The group that received intermittent stimulation showed an elevated level of solute uptake in limited areas, i.e., near/within the ventricles and on the ventral brain surface. Interhemispheric differences in CSF solute transport were also found in the cortical regions that overlap with the forelimb sensorimotor area. These findings suggest that neuronal activity may trigger local and brain-wide increases in CSF solute transport, contributing to waste clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Kim
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jared Van Reet
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Seung-Schik Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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24
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Fu T, Zeng S, Zheng Q, Zhu F. The Important Role of Transporter Structures in Drug Disposition, Efficacy, and Toxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1316-1323. [PMID: 37295948 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters are critical determinants of drug disposition, clinical efficacy, and toxicity as they specifically mediate the influx and efflux of various substrates and drugs. ABC transporters can modulate the pharmacokinetics of many drugs via mediating the translocation of drugs across biologic membranes. SLC transporters are important drug targets involved in the uptake of a broad range of compounds across the membrane. However, high-resolution experimental structures have been reported for a very limited number of transporters, which limits the study of their physiologic functions. In this review, we collected structural information on ABC and SLC transporters and described the application of computational methods in structure prediction. Taking P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) as examples, we assessed the pivotal role of structure in transport mechanisms, details of ligand-receptor interactions, drug selectivity, the molecular mechanisms of drug-drug interactions, and differences caused by genetic polymorphisms. The data collected contributes toward safer and more effective pharmacological treatments. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The experimental structure of ATP-binding cassette and solute carrier transporters was collected, and the application of computational methods in structure prediction was described. P-glycoprotein and serotonin transporter were used as examples to reveal the pivotal role of structure in transport mechanisms, drug selectivity, the molecular mechanisms of drug-drug interactions, and differences caused by genetic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China (T.F., Q.Z.); College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (S.Z., F.Z.); and Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.)
| | - Su Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China (T.F., Q.Z.); College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (S.Z., F.Z.); and Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.)
| | - Qingchuan Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China (T.F., Q.Z.); College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (S.Z., F.Z.); and Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.)
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China (T.F., Q.Z.); College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (S.Z., F.Z.); and Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Center of Future Digital Healthcare, Hangzhou, China (F.Z.)
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25
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Schlessinger A, Zatorski N, Hutchinson K, Colas C. Targeting SLC transporters: small molecules as modulators and therapeutic opportunities. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:801-814. [PMID: 37355450 PMCID: PMC10525040 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier (SLCs) transporters mediate the transport of a broad range of solutes across biological membranes. Dysregulation of SLCs has been associated with various pathologies, including metabolic and neurological disorders, as well as cancer and rare diseases. SLCs are therefore emerging as key targets for therapeutic intervention with several recently approved drugs targeting these proteins. Unlocking this large and complex group of proteins is essential to identifying unknown SLC targets and developing next-generation SLC therapeutics. Recent progress in experimental and computational techniques has significantly advanced SLC research, including drug discovery. Here, we review emerging topics in therapeutic discovery of SLCs, focusing on state-of-the-art approaches in structural, chemical, and computational biology, and discuss current challenges in transporter drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Nicole Zatorski
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Keino Hutchinson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Claire Colas
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria.
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26
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Nyimanu D, Behm C, Choudhury S, Yu ASL. The role of claudin-2 in kidney function and dysfunction. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1437-1445. [PMID: 37387353 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Claudin-2 is a tight junction protein expressed in leaky epithelia where it forms paracellular pores permeable to cations and water. The paracellular pore formed by claudin-2 is important in energy-efficient cation and water transport in the proximal tubules of the kidneys. Mounting evidence now suggests that claudin-2 may modulate cellular processes often altered in disease, including cellular proliferation. Also, dysregulation of claudin-2 expression has been linked to various diseases, including kidney stone disease and renal cell carcinoma. However, the mechanisms linking altered claudin-2 expression and function to disease are poorly understood and require further investigation. The aim of this review is to discuss the current understanding of the role of claudin-2 in kidney function and dysfunction. We provide a general overview of the claudins and their organization in the tight junction, the expression, and function of claudin-2 in the kidney, and the evolving evidence for its role in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duuamene Nyimanu
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Christine Behm
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Sonali Choudhury
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Alan S L Yu
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
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27
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Čopič A, Dieudonné T, Lenoir G. Phosphatidylserine transport in cell life and death. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 83:102192. [PMID: 37413778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a negatively charged glycerophospholipid found mainly in the plasma membrane (PM) and in the late secretory/endocytic compartments, where it regulates cellular activity and can mediate apoptosis. Export of PS from the endoplasmic reticulum, its site of synthesis, to other compartments, and its transbilayer asymmetry must therefore be precisely regulated. We review recent findings on nonvesicular transport of PS by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) at membrane contact sites, on PS flip-flop between membrane leaflets by flippases and scramblases, and on PS nanoclustering at the PM. We also discuss emerging data on cooperation between scramblases and LTPs, how perturbation of PS distribution can lead to disease, and the specific role of PS in viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenka Čopič
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293, Montpellier CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Thibaud Dieudonné
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Guillaume Lenoir
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
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28
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Abstract
Heme is an iron-containing tetrapyrrole that plays a critical role in various biological processes, including oxygen transport, electron transport, signal transduction, and catalysis. However, free heme is hydrophobic and potentially toxic to cells. Organisms have evolved specific pathways to safely transport this essential but toxic macrocycle within and between cells. The bacterivorous soil-dwelling nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful animal model for studying heme-trafficking pathways, as it lacks the ability to synthesize heme but instead relies on specialized trafficking pathways to acquire, distribute, and utilize heme. Over the past 15 years, studies on this microscopic animal have led to the identification of a number of heme-trafficking proteins, with corresponding functional homologs in vertebrates. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the heme-trafficking proteins identified in C. elegans and their corresponding homologs in related organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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29
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Diao X, Han H, Li B, Guo Z, Fu J, Wu W. The Rare Marine Bioactive Compounds in Neurological Disorders and Diseases: Is the Blood-Brain Barrier an Obstacle or a Target? Mar Drugs 2023; 21:406. [PMID: 37504937 PMCID: PMC10381592 DOI: 10.3390/md21070406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic barrier separating neurocytes and brain tissues from blood that is extremely sealed and strictly regulated by transporters such as aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), glucose transporter (GLUT), and specialized tight junctional complexes (TJCs) including tight junctions (TJs), adherens junctions (AJs), and Zonulae occludens (ZOs). With specifically selective transcellular and paracellular permeability, the BBB maintains a homeostatic microenvironment to protect the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, increasing attention has been paied to the importance of BBB disruption and dysfunction in the pathology of neurological disorders and diseases, such as Alzheimer's diseases (AD), Parkinson diseases (PD), stroke and cerebral edema. However, the further research on how the integral structure and function of BBB are altered under the physiological or pathological conditions is still needed. Focusing on the ultrastructural features of the BBB and combining the latest research on associated proteins and transporters, physiological regulation and pathological change of the BBB were elucidated. By summarizing the protective effects of known bioactive compounds derived from marine life on the BBB, this review aims to highlight the BBB as a key to the treatment of several major neurological diseases instead of a normally described obstacle to drug absorption and transport. Overall, the BBB's morphological characteristics and physiological function and their regulation provide the theoretical basis for the study on the BBB and inspire the diagnosis of and therapy for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Diao
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.D.); (H.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.D.); (H.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Bailin Li
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.D.); (H.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Zhen Guo
- Innovation Center, Shanghai BociMed Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.G.); (J.F.)
| | - Jun Fu
- Innovation Center, Shanghai BociMed Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China; (Z.G.); (J.F.)
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (X.D.); (H.H.); (B.L.)
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30
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Grumbine MK, Kamat V, Bao K, Crupi T, Mokate K, Lim R, Chao JR, Robbings BM, Hass DT, Hurley JB, Sweet IR. Maintaining and Assessing Various Tissue and Cell Types of the Eye Using a Novel Pumpless Fluidics System. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/65399. [PMID: 37522735 PMCID: PMC10791547 DOI: 10.3791/65399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many in vitro models used to investigate tissue function and cell biology require a flow of media to provide adequate oxygenation and optimal cell conditions required for the maintenance of function and viability. Toward this end, we have developed a multi-channel flow culture system to maintain tissue and cells in culture and continuously assess function and viability by either in-line sensors and/or collection of outflow fractions. The system combines 8-channel, continuous optical sensing of oxygen consumption rate with a built-in fraction collector to simultaneously measure production rates of metabolites and hormone secretion. Although it is able to maintain and assess a wide range of tissue and cell models, including islets, muscle, and hypothalamus, here we describe its operating principles and the experimental preparations/protocols that we have used to investigate bioenergetic regulation of isolated mouse retina, mouse retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid-sclera, and cultured human RPE cells. Innovations in the design of the system, such as pumpless fluid flow, have produced a greatly simplified operation of a multi-channel flow system. Videos and images are shown that illustrate how to assemble, prepare the instrument for an experiment, and load the different tissue/cell models into the perifusion chambers. In addition, guidelines for selecting conditions for protocol- and tissue-specific experiments are delineated and discussed, including setting the correct flow rate to tissue ratio to obtain consistent and stable culture conditions and accurate determinations of consumption and production rates. The combination of optimal tissue maintenance and real-time assessment of multiple parameters yields highly informative data sets that will have great utility for research in the physiology of the eye and drug discovery for the treatment of impaired vision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Varun Kamat
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington
| | | | | | - Kedar Mokate
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington
| | - Rayne Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington
| | | | | | - Daniel T Hass
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington
| | | | - Ian R Sweet
- EnTox Sciences, Inc; UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington;
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31
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Mironov AA, Mironov A, Sanavio B, Krol S, Beznoussenko GV. Intracellular Membrane Transport in Vascular Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065791. [PMID: 36982865 PMCID: PMC10059831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The main component of blood and lymphatic vessels is the endothelium covering their luminal surface. It plays a significant role in many cardiovascular diseases. Tremendous progress has been made in deciphering of molecular mechanisms involved into intracellular transport. However, molecular machines are mostly characterized in vitro. It is important to adapt this knowledge to the situation existing in tissues and organs. Moreover, contradictions have accumulated within the field related to the function of endothelial cells (ECs) and their trans-endothelial pathways. This has induced necessity for the re-evaluation of several mechanisms related to the function of vascular ECs and intracellular transport and transcytosis there. Here, we analyze available data related to intracellular transport within ECs and re-examine several hypotheses about the role of different mechanisms in transcytosis across ECs. We propose a new classification of vascular endothelium and hypotheses related to the functional role of caveolae and mechanisms of lipid transport through ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Mironov
- Sacco Hospital, Universita degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Sanavio
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, c/o AMADEOLAB, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silke Krol
- Encytos BV, 7511 JE Enschede, The Netherlands
- MESA+ Laboratory, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
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32
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Lu W, Gelfand VI. Go with the flow - bulk transport by molecular motors. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260300. [PMID: 36250267 PMCID: PMC10755412 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are the smallest building blocks of all living eukaryotic organisms, usually ranging from a couple of micrometers (for example, platelets) to hundreds of micrometers (for example, neurons and oocytes) in size. In eukaryotic cells that are more than 100 µm in diameter, very often a self-organized large-scale movement of cytoplasmic contents, known as cytoplasmic streaming, occurs to compensate for the physical constraints of large cells. In this Review, we discuss cytoplasmic streaming in multiple cell types and the mechanisms driving this event. We particularly focus on the molecular motors responsible for cytoplasmic movements and the biological roles of cytoplasmic streaming in cells. Finally, we describe bulk intercellular flow that transports cytoplasmic materials to the oocyte from its sister germline cells to drive rapid oocyte growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA
| | - Vladimir I. Gelfand
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA
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33
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Li Q, Ferrare JT, Silver J, Wilson JO, Arteaga-Castaneda L, Qiu W, Vershinin M, King SJ, Neuman KC, Xu J. Cholesterol in the cargo membrane amplifies tau inhibition of kinesin-1-based transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212507120. [PMID: 36626558 PMCID: PMC9934065 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212507120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular cargos are often membrane-enclosed and transported by microtubule-based motors in the presence of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Whereas increasing evidence reveals how MAPs impact the interactions between motors and microtubules, critical questions remain about the impact of the cargo membrane on transport. Here we combined in vitro optical trapping with theoretical approaches to determine the effect of a lipid cargo membrane on kinesin-based transport in the presence of MAP tau. Our results demonstrate that attaching kinesin to a fluid lipid membrane reduces the inhibitory effect of tau on kinesin. Moreover, adding cholesterol, which reduces kinesin diffusion in the cargo membrane, amplifies the inhibitory effect of tau on kinesin binding in a dosage-dependent manner. We propose that reduction of kinesin diffusion in the cargo membrane underlies the effect of cholesterol on kinesin binding in the presence of tau, and we provide a simple model for this proposed mechanism. Our study establishes a direct link between cargo membrane cholesterol and MAP-based regulation of kinesin-1. The cholesterol effects uncovered here may more broadly extend to other lipid alterations that impact motor diffusion in the cargo membrane, including those associated with aging and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Li
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, CA95343
| | - James T. Ferrare
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Jonathan Silver
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - John O. Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, CA95343
| | | | - Weihong Qiu
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR97331
| | - Michael Vershinin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Stephen J. King
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL32827
| | - Keir C. Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, CA95343
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34
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Cason SE, Fenton AR, Holzbaur ELF. Employing Live-Cell Imaging to Study Motor-Mediated Transport. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2623:45-59. [PMID: 36602678 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2958-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-based transport is a highly regulated process, requiring kinesin and/or dynein motors, a multitude of motor-associated regulatory proteins including activating adaptors and scaffolding proteins, and microtubule tracks that also provide regulatory cues. While in vitro studies are invaluable, fully replicating the physiological conditions under which motility occurs in cells is not yet possible. Here, we describe two methods that can be employed to study motor-based transport and motor regulation in a cellular context. Live-cell imaging of organelle transport in neurons leverages the uniform polarity of microtubules in axons to better understand the factors regulating microtubule-based motility. Peroxisome recruitment assays allow users to examine the net effect of motors and motor-regulatory proteins on organelle distribution. Together, these methods open the door to motility experiments that more fully interrogate the complex cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney E Cason
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam R Fenton
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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35
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Saunders NR, Dziegielewska KM, Fame RM, Lehtinen MK, Liddelow SA. The choroid plexus: a missing link in our understanding of brain development and function. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:919-956. [PMID: 36173801 PMCID: PMC9678431 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00060.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the choroid plexus lag behind those of the more widely known blood-brain barrier, despite a much longer history. This review has two overall aims. The first is to outline long-standing areas of research where there are unanswered questions, such as control of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion and blood flow. The second aim is to review research over the past 10 years where the focus has shifted to the idea that there are choroid plexuses located in each of the brain's ventricles that make specific contributions to brain development and function through molecules they generate for delivery via the CSF. These factors appear to be particularly important for aspects of normal brain growth. Most research carried out during the twentieth century dealt with the choroid plexus, a brain barrier interface making critical contributions to the composition and stability of the brain's internal environment throughout life. More recent research in the twenty-first century has shown the importance of choroid plexus-generated CSF in neurogenesis, influence of sex and other hormones on choroid plexus function, and choroid plexus involvement in circadian rhythms and sleep. The advancement of technologies to facilitate delivery of brain-specific therapies via the CSF to treat neurological disorders is a rapidly growing area of research. Conversely, understanding the basic mechanisms and implications of how maternal drug exposure during pregnancy impacts the developing brain represents another key area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman R Saunders
- Department of Neuroscience, The Alfred Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ryann M Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shane A Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Parekh Center for Interdisciplinary Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
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36
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Xiao X, Kennelly JP, Ferrari A, Clifford BL, Whang E, Gao Y, Qian K, Sandhu J, Jarrett KE, Brearley-Sholto MC, Nguyen A, Nagari RT, Lee MS, Zhang S, Weston TA, Young SG, Bensinger SJ, Villanueva CJ, de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Tontonoz P. Hepatic nonvesicular cholesterol transport is critical for systemic lipid homeostasis. Nat Metab 2023; 5:165-181. [PMID: 36646756 PMCID: PMC9995220 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In cell models, changes in the 'accessible' pool of plasma membrane (PM) cholesterol are linked with the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum sterol synthesis and metabolism by the Aster family of nonvesicular transporters; however, the relevance of such nonvesicular transport mechanisms for lipid homeostasis in vivo has not been defined. Here we reveal two physiological contexts that generate accessible PM cholesterol and engage the Aster pathway in the liver: fasting and reverse cholesterol transport. During fasting, adipose-tissue-derived fatty acids activate hepatocyte sphingomyelinase to liberate sequestered PM cholesterol. Aster-dependent cholesterol transport during fasting facilitates cholesteryl ester formation, cholesterol movement into bile and very low-density lipoprotein production. During reverse cholesterol transport, high-density lipoprotein delivers excess cholesterol to the hepatocyte PM through scavenger receptor class B member 1. Loss of hepatic Asters impairs cholesterol movement into feces, raises plasma cholesterol levels and causes cholesterol accumulation in peripheral tissues. These results reveal fundamental mechanisms by which Aster cholesterol flux contributes to hepatic and systemic lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Paul Kennelly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alessandra Ferrari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bethan L Clifford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily Whang
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yajing Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaspreet Sandhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey E Jarrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rohith T Nagari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Sub Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sicheng Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Weston
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Bensinger
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (JCCC), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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37
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Nagy N, Tóth N, Nánási PP. Antiarrhythmic and Inotropic Effects of Selective Na +/Ca 2+ Exchanger Inhibition: What Can We Learn from the Pharmacological Studies? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314651. [PMID: 36498977 PMCID: PMC9736231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-long stable heart function requires a critical balance of intracellular Ca2+. Several ion channels and pumps cooperate in a complex machinery that controls the influx, release, and efflux of Ca2+. Probably one of the most interesting and most complex players of this crosstalk is the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, which represents the main Ca2+ efflux mechanism; however, under some circumstances, it can also bring Ca2+ into the cell. Therefore, the inhibition of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger has emerged as one of the most promising possible pharmacological targets to increase Ca2+ levels, to decrease arrhythmogenic depolarizations, and to reduce excessive Ca2+ influx. In line with this, as a response to increasing demand, several more or less selective Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibitor compounds have been developed. In the past 20 years, several results have been published regarding the effect of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibition under various circumstances, e.g., species, inhibitor compounds, and experimental conditions; however, the results are often controversial. Does selective Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibition have any future in clinical pharmacological practice? In this review, the experimental results of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibition are summarized focusing on the data obtained by novel highly selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Nagy
- ELKH-SZTE Research Group of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-545-682; Fax: +36-62-545-680
| | - Noémi Tóth
- ELKH-SZTE Research Group of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter P. Nánási
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Dental Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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38
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Finetti F, Onnis A, Baldari CT. IFT20: An Eclectic Regulator of Cellular Processes beyond Intraflagellar Transport. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012147. [PMID: 36292997 PMCID: PMC9603483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially discovered as the smallest component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system, the IFT20 protein has been found to be implicated in several unconventional mechanisms beyond its essential role in the assembly and maintenance of the primary cilium. IFT20 is now considered a key player not only in ciliogenesis but also in vesicular trafficking of membrane receptors and signaling proteins. Moreover, its ability to associate with a wide array of interacting partners in a cell-type specific manner has expanded the function of IFT20 to the regulation of intracellular degradative and secretory pathways. In this review, we will present an overview of the multifaceted role of IFT20 in both ciliated and non-ciliated cells.
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Blazer-Yost BL. Following Ussing's legacy: from amphibian models to mammalian kidney and brain. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1061-C1069. [PMID: 36036449 PMCID: PMC9529261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00303.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Professor Hans H. Ussing (1911-2000) was one of the founding members of the field of epithelial cell biology. He is most famous for the electrophysiological technique that he developed to measure electrogenic ion flux across epithelial tissues. Ussing-style electrophysiology has been applied to multiple tissues and has informed fields as diverse as amphibian biology and medicine. In the latter, this technique has contributed to a basic understanding of maladies such as hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, cystic fibrosis, and diarrheal diseases to mention but a few. In addition to this valuable contribution to biological methods, Prof. Ussing also provided strong evidence for the concept of active transport several years before the elucidation of Na+K+ATPase. In addition, he provided cell biologists with the important concept of polarized epithelia with specific and different transporters found in the apical and basolateral membranes, thus providing these cells with the ability to conduct directional, active and passive transepithelial transport. My studies have used Ussing chamber electrophysiology to study the toad urinary bladder, an amphibian cell line, renal cell lines, and, most recently, choroid plexus cell lines. This technique has formed the basis of our in vitro mechanistic studies that are used in an iterative manner with animal models to better understand disease progress and treatment. I was honored to be invited to deliver the 2022 Hans Ussing Lecture sponsored by the Epithelial Transport Group of the American Physiological Society. This manuscript is a version of the material presented in that lecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L Blazer-Yost
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
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40
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Aceves JO, Heja S, Kobayashi K, Robinson SS, Miyoshi T, Matsumoto T, Schäffers OJM, Morizane R, Lewis JA. 3D proximal tubule-on-chip model derived from kidney organoids with improved drug uptake. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14997. [PMID: 36056134 PMCID: PMC9440090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional, organ-on-chip models that recapitulate kidney tissue are needed for drug screening and disease modeling. Here, we report a method for creating a perfusable 3D proximal tubule model composed of epithelial cells isolated from kidney organoids matured under static conditions. These organoid-derived proximal tubule epithelial cells (OPTECs) are seeded in cylindrical channels fully embedded within an extracellular matrix, where they form a confluent monolayer. A second perfusable channel is placed adjacent to each proximal tubule within these reusable multiplexed chips to mimic basolateral drug transport and uptake. Our 3D OPTEC-on-chip model exhibits significant upregulation of organic cation (OCT2) and organic anion (OAT1/3) transporters, which leads to improved drug uptake, compared to control chips based on immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells. Hence, OPTEC tubules exhibit a higher normalized lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, when exposed to known nephrotoxins, cisplatin and aristolochic acid, which are diminished upon adding OCT2 and OAT1/3 transport inhibitors. Our integrated multifluidic platform paves the way for personalized kidney-on-chip models for drug screening and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey O Aceves
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Szilvia Heja
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenichi Kobayashi
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanlin S Robinson
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomoya Miyoshi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivier J M Schäffers
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Lewis
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
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41
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Goto A, Egawa D, Tomishige N, Yamaji T, Shimasaki K, Kumagai K, Hanada K. Involvement of a Cluster of Basic Amino Acids in Phosphorylation-Dependent Functional Repression of the Ceramide Transport Protein CERT. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158576. [PMID: 35955719 PMCID: PMC9368931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide transport protein (CERT) mediates ceramide transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi for sphingomyelin (SM) biosynthesis. CERT is inactivated by multiple phosphorylation at the serine-repeat motif (SRM), and mutations that impair the SRM phosphorylation are associated with a group of inherited intellectual disorders in humans. It has been suggested that the N-terminal phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate [PtdIns(4)P] binding domain and the C-terminal ceramide-transfer domain of CERT physically interfere with each other in the SRM phosphorylated state, thereby repressing the function of CERT; however, it remains unclear which regions in CERT are involved in the SRM phosphorylation-dependent repression of CERT. Here, we identified a previously uncharacterized cluster of lysine/arginine residues that were predicted to be located on the outer surface of a probable coiled-coil fold in CERT. Substitutions of the basic amino acids in the cluster with alanine released the SRM-dependent repression of CERT activities, i.e., the synthesis of SM, PtdIns(4)P-binding, vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein (VAP) binding, ceramide-transfer activity, and localization to the Golgi, although the effect on SM synthesis activity was only partially compromised by the alanine substitutions, which moderately destabilized the trimeric status of CERT. These results suggest that the basic amino acid cluster in the coiled-coil region is involved in the regulation of CERT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Goto
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (A.G.); (D.E.); (T.Y.); (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Daichi Egawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (A.G.); (D.E.); (T.Y.); (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Nario Tomishige
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (A.G.); (D.E.); (T.Y.); (K.S.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (K.H.)
| | - Toshiyuki Yamaji
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (A.G.); (D.E.); (T.Y.); (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Kentaro Shimasaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (A.G.); (D.E.); (T.Y.); (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Keigo Kumagai
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (A.G.); (D.E.); (T.Y.); (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (A.G.); (D.E.); (T.Y.); (K.S.); (K.K.)
- Department of Quality Assurance, Radiation Safety, and Information System, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (K.H.)
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Khavinson V, Linkova N, Kozhevnikova E, Dyatlova A, Petukhov M. Transport of Biologically Active Ultrashort Peptides Using POT and LAT Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147733. [PMID: 35887081 PMCID: PMC9323678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrashort peptides (USPs), consisting of 2–7 amino-acid residues, are a group of signaling molecules that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis under normal conditions in various diseases and ageing. USPs serve as a basis for the development of drugs with a targeted mechanism of action. The purpose of this review is to systematize the available data on USP transport involving POT and LAT transporters in various organs and tissues under normal, pathological and ageing conditions. The carriers of the POT family (PEPT1, PEPT2, PHT1, PHT2) transport predominantly di- and tripeptides into the cell. Methods of molecular modeling and physicochemistry have demonstrated the ability of LAT1 to transfer not only amino acids but also some di- and tripeptides into the cell and out of it. LAT1 and 2 are involved in the regulation of the antioxidant, endocrine, immune and nervous systems’ functions. Analysis of the above data allows us to conclude that, depending on their structure, di- and tripeptides can be transported into the cells of various tissues by POT and LAT transporters. This mechanism is likely to underlie the tissue specificity of peptides, their geroprotective action and effectiveness in the case of neuroimmunoendocrine system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Khavinson
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (E.K.); (A.D.)
- Group of Peptide Regulation of Aging, Pavlov Institute of Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +7-(921)-9110800
| | - Natalia Linkova
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (E.K.); (A.D.)
- The Laboratory “Problems of Aging”, Belgorod National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Kozhevnikova
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (E.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Anastasiia Dyatlova
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.L.); (E.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Mikhael Petukhov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named after B.P. Konstantinov, NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 188300 Gatchina, Russia;
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Group of Biophysics, Higher Engineering and Technical School, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Abstract
Sucrose is transported from sources (mature leaves) to sinks (importing tissues such as roots, stems, fruits, and seeds) through the phloem tissues in veins. In many herbaceous crop species, sucrose must first be effluxed to the cell wall by a sugar transporter of the SWEET family prior to being taken up into phloem companion cells or sieve elements by a different sugar transporter, called SUT or SUC. The import of sucrose into these cells is termed apoplasmic phloem loading. In sinks, sucrose can similarly exit the phloem apoplasmically or, alternatively, symplasmically through plasmodesmata into connecting parenchyma storage cells. Recent advances describing the regulation and manipulation of sugar transporter expression and activities provide stimulating new insights into sucrose phloem loading in sources and unloading processes in sink tissues. Additionally, new breakthroughs have revealed distinct subpopulations of cells in leaves with different functions pertaining to phloem loading. These and other discoveries in sucrose transport are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Braun
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA;
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44
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Wen S, Neuhaus HE, Cheng J, Bie Z. Contributions of sugar transporters to crop yield and fruit quality. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:2275-2289. [PMID: 35139196 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The flux, distribution, and storage of soluble sugars regulate crop yield in terms of starch, oil, protein, and total carbohydrates, and affect the quality of many horticultural products. Sugar transporters contribute to phloem loading and unloading. The mechanisms of phloem loading have been studied in detail, but the complex and diverse mechanisms of phloem unloading and sugar storage in sink organs are less explored. Unloading and subsequent transport mechanisms for carbohydrates vary in different sink organs. Analyzing the transport and storage mechanisms of carbohydrates in important storage organs, such as cereal seeds, fruits, or stems of sugarcane, will provide information for genetic improvements to increase crop yield and fruit quality. This review discusses current research progress on sugar transporters involved in carbohydrate unloading and storage in sink organs. The roles of sugar transporters in crop yield and the accumulation of sugars are also discussed to highlight their contribution to efficient breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suying Wen
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jintao Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhilong Bie
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
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45
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Shan Y, Cen Y, Zhang Y, Tan R, Zhao J, Nie Z, Zhang J, Yu S. Acyclovir Brain Disposition: Interactions with P-gp, Bcrp, Mrp2, and Oat3 at the Blood-Brain Barrier. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 47:279-289. [PMID: 35112329 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Acyclovir is effective in treating herpes simplex virus infections of the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactions between acyclovir and the efflux pumps P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp), multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2), and organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). METHODS Acyclovir concentrations in the blood and brain were evaluated by microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. Acyclovir pharmacokinetic parameters, including the area under the unbound blood concentration-time curve (AUCu,blood), the area under the unbound brain concentration-time curve (AUCu,brain), and the ratio of AUCu,brain to AUCu,blood (Kp.uu.brain), were evaluated in the presence and absence of elacridar (P-gp/Bcrp inhibitor, 7.5 mg/kg), tariquidar (P-gp/Bcrp inhibitor, 7.5 mg/kg), MK571 (Mrp2 inhibitor, 7.5 mg/kg), cyclosporine (P-gp/Bcrp/Mrp2 inhibitor, 25 mg/kg), and probenecid (Oat3 inhibitor, 50 mg/kg). RESULTS The average AUCu,blood, AUCu,brain, and Kp.uu.brain in rats who received acyclovir (25 mg/kg, intravenous) alone were 1377.7 min · μg/ml, 435.4 min · μg/ml, and 31.6%, respectively. Probenecid drastically increased the AUCu,blood of acyclovir 1.73-fold, whereas coadministration with elacridar, tariquidar, MK571, and cyclosporine did not alter the blood pharmacokinetic parameters of acyclovir. Elacridar, tariquidar, MK571, cyclosporine, and probenecid significantly increased the AUCu,brain of acyclovir 1.51-, 1.54-, 1.47-, 1.95-, and 2.34-fold, respectively. Additionally, the Kp.uu.brain of acyclovir markedly increased 1.48-, 1.63-, 1.39-, 1.90-, and 1.35-fold following elacridar, tariquidar, MK571, cyclosporine, and probenecid administration, respectively. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that P-gp, Bcrp, Mrp2, and Oat3 inhibition increased the penetration of acyclovir across the BBB, supporting the hypothesis that these efflux pumps restrict the distribution of acyclovir in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Shan
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Characteristic Medical Centre of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Cen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruishu Tan
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Zhao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiatang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
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Ottonelli I, Caraffi R, Tosi G, Vandelli MA, Duskey JT, Ruozi B. Tunneling Nanotubes: A New Target for Nanomedicine? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042237. [PMID: 35216348 PMCID: PMC8878036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), discovered in 2004, are thin, long protrusions between cells utilized for intercellular transfer and communication. These newly discovered structures have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in homeostasis, but also in the spreading of diseases, infections, and metastases. Gaining much interest in the medical research field, TNTs have been shown to transport nanomedicines (NMeds) between cells. NMeds have been studied thanks to their advantageous features in terms of reduced toxicity of drugs, enhanced solubility, protection of the payload, prolonged release, and more interestingly, cell-targeted delivery. Nevertheless, their transfer between cells via TNTs makes their true fate unknown. If better understood, TNTs could help control NMed delivery. In fact, TNTs can represent the possibility both to improve the biodistribution of NMeds throughout a diseased tissue by increasing their formation, or to minimize their formation to block the transfer of dangerous material. To date, few studies have investigated the interaction between NMeds and TNTs. In this work, we will explain what TNTs are and how they form and then review what has been published regarding their potential use in nanomedicine research. We will highlight possible future approaches to better exploit TNT intercellular communication in the field of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ottonelli
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.C.); (G.T.); (M.A.V.); (B.R.)
| | - Riccardo Caraffi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.C.); (G.T.); (M.A.V.); (B.R.)
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.C.); (G.T.); (M.A.V.); (B.R.)
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.C.); (G.T.); (M.A.V.); (B.R.)
| | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.C.); (G.T.); (M.A.V.); (B.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.C.); (G.T.); (M.A.V.); (B.R.)
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Hanada K, Sakai S, Kumagai K. Natural Ligand-Mimetic and Nonmimetic Inhibitors of the Ceramide Transport Protein CERT. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042098. [PMID: 35216212 PMCID: PMC8875512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are recognized as key players in the inter-organelle trafficking of lipids and are rapidly gaining attention as a novel molecular target for medicinal products. In mammalian cells, ceramide is newly synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and converted to sphingomyelin in the trans-Golgi regions. The ceramide transport protein CERT, a typical LTP, mediates the ER-to-Golgi transport of ceramide at an ER-distal Golgi membrane contact zone. About 20 years ago, a potent inhibitor of CERT, named (1R,3S)-HPA-12, was found by coincidence among ceramide analogs. Since then, various ceramide-resembling compounds have been found to act as CERT inhibitors. Nevertheless, the inevitable issue remains that natural ligand-mimetic compounds might directly bind both to the desired target and to various undesired targets that share the same natural ligand. To resolve this issue, a ceramide-unrelated compound named E16A, or (1S,2R)-HPCB-5, that potently inhibits the function of CERT has recently been developed, employing a series of in silico docking simulations, efficient chemical synthesis, quantitative affinity analysis, protein-ligand co-crystallography, and various in vivo assays. (1R,3S)-HPA-12 and E16A together provide a robust tool to discriminate on-target effects on CERT from off-target effects. This short review article will describe the history of the development of (1R,3S)-HPA-12 and E16A, summarize other CERT inhibitors, and discuss their possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Quality Assurance, Radiation Safety and Information Management, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.S.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shota Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Keigo Kumagai
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.S.); (K.K.)
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Jensen O, Gebauer L, Brockmöller J, Dücker C. Relationships between Inhibition, Transport and Enhanced Transport via the Organic Cation Transporter 1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042007. [PMID: 35216120 PMCID: PMC8878159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1, SLC22A1) transports a large number of structurally diverse endogenous and exogenous substrates. There are numerous known competitive and non-competitive inhibitors of OCT1, but there are no studies systematically analyzing the relationship between transport, stimulation, and inhibition. Here, we tested in vitro OCT1 inhibition by OCT1 substrates and transport of OCT1 inhibitors under uniform analytical conditions. Beyond inhibition testing with two model substrates, we tested nine additional OCT1 substrates for their mutual inhibition. Inhibition of ASP+ uptake by most OCT1 substrates was weak. The model substrate sumatriptan, with its moderately stronger inhibitability, was used to confirm this. Interestingly, OCT1 substrates exhibiting stronger OCT1 inhibition were mainly biaromatic β-agonistic drugs, such as dobutamine, fenoterol, ractopamine and ritodrine. Biaromatic organic cations were both, strong inhibitors and good substrates, but many OCT1 substrates showed little pairwise inhibition. Surprisingly, sumatriptan did significantly enhance dobutamine uptake. This effect was concentration dependent and additional experiments indicated that efflux inhibition may be one of the underlying mechanisms. Our data suggests, that OCT1 substrates are mainly weak OCT1 inhibitors and among those inhibiting well, noncompetitive inhibition could be responsible. Weak competitive inhibition confirms that OCT1 inhibition screenings poorly predict OCT1 substrates. Additionally, we showed that the OCT1 substrate sumatriptan can enhance uptake of some other OCT1 substrates. OCT1 transport stimulation was already observed earlier but is still poorly understood. Low OCT1 uptake inhibition and strong OCT1 efflux inhibition could be mechanisms exploitable for enhancing transport.
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Tsay YF, Blatt MR, Gilliham M, Maurel C, von Wirén N. Integrating membrane transport, signaling, and physiology. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:921-923. [PMID: 34908141 PMCID: PMC8825422 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Tsay
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute & School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Christophe Maurel
- BPMP, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institute Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Molecular Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466, Stadt Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
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Abstract
The rate-limiting step for skeletal muscle glucose uptake is transport from microcirculation to muscle interstitium. Capillary endothelium poses a barrier that delays the onset of muscle insulin action. Defining physiological barriers that control insulin access to interstitial space is difficult because of technical challenges that confront study of microscopic events in an integrated physiological system. Two physiological variables determine muscle insulin access. These are the number of perfused capillaries and the permeability of capillary walls to insulin. Disease states associated with capillary rarefaction are closely linked to insulin resistance. Insulin permeability through highly resistant capillary walls of muscle poses a significant barrier to insulin access. Insulin may traverse the endothelium through narrow intercellular junctions or vesicular trafficking across the endothelial cell. Insulin is large compared with intercellular junctions, making this an unlikely route. Transport by endothelial vesicular trafficking is likely the primary route of transit. Studies in vivo show movement of insulin is not insulin receptor dependent. This aligns with single-cell transcriptomics that show the insulin receptor is not expressed in muscle capillaries. Work in cultured endothelial cell lines suggest that insulin receptor activation is necessary for endothelial insulin transit. Controversies remain in the understanding of transendothelial insulin transit to muscle. These controversies closely align with experimental approaches. Control of circulating insulin accessibility to skeletal muscle is an area that remains ripe for discovery. Factors that impede insulin access to muscle may contribute to disease and factors that accelerate access may be of therapeutic value for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Williams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA
- Correspondence: David H. Wasserman, PhD, Light Hall Rm. 702, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA.
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