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Lim HE, Song YB, Choi HW, Lee BH. α-Glucan-type exopolysaccharides with varied linkage patterns: Mitigating post-prandial glucose spike and prolonging the glycemic response. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121898. [PMID: 38388043 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are traditionally known as prebiotics that foster colon health by serving as microbiota nutrients, while remaining undigested in the small intestine. However, recent findings suggest that α-glucan structures in EPS, with their varied α-linkage types, can be hydrolyzed by mammalian α-glucosidases at differing rates. This study explores α-glucan-type EPSs, including dextran, alternan, and reuteran, assessing their digestive properties both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, while fungal amyloglucosidase - a common in vitro tool for carbohydrate digestibility analysis - shows limited efficacy in breaking down these structures, mammalian intestinal α-glucosidases can partially degrade them into glucose, albeit slowly. In vivo experiments with mice revealed that various EPSs elicited a significantly lower glycemic response (p < 0.05) than glucose, indicating their nature as carbohydrates that are digested slowly. This leads to the conclusion that different α-glucan-type EPSs may serve as ingredients that attenuate post-prandial glycemic responses. Furthermore, rather than serving as mere dietary fibers, they hold the potential for blood glucose regulation, offering new avenues for managing obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and other related-chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Eun Lim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bo Song
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Choi
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Ertik O, Tunali S, Acar ET, Bal-Demirci T, Ülküseven B, Yanardag R. Antioxidant Activity and Protective Effects of an Oxovanadium (IV) Complex on Heart and Aorta Injury of STZ-Diabetic Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2085-2099. [PMID: 37603267 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03802-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic people have a much higher rate of cardiovascular disease than healthy people. Therefore, heart and aortic tissues are target tissues in diabetic research. In recent years, the synthesis of new vanadium complexes and investigation of their antidiabetic/lowering effect on the blood glucose levels and antioxidant properties are increasing day by day. Our study aimed to examine the effects of synthesized oxovanadium (IV) complex of 2-[(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene]hydrazine-1-[(N-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)](S-methyl)carbothioamide [VOL] on diabetic heart and aortic tissues, as well as in vitro lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibition, antioxidant properties, and reducing power. Electrochemical characterization of the VOL was carried out by using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) methods. In addition, in silico drug-likeness and ADME prediction were also investigated. For in vivo study, male Swiss albino rats were randomly selected and separated into four groups which are control, control + VOL, diabetic and diabetic + VOL. After the experimental procedure, biochemical parameters were investigated in homogenates of heart and aorta tissues. The results showed that VOL has a protective effect on heart and aortic tissue against oxidative stress. According to electrochemical experiments, one reversible oxidative couple and one irreversible reductive response were observed for the complex. In addition, in vitro LDH and MPO inhibition of VOL was examined. It was found that VOL had a protective effect on heart and aortic tissues of diabetic rats, and caused the inhibition of LDH and MPO in in vitro studies. On the other hand, evaluating the synthesized VOL according to in silico drug-likeness and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) prediction, it was found that VOL has drug-like properties and exhibited high gastrointestinal absorption. The VOL had a therapeutic impact on the heart and aortic tissues of diabetic rats, according to the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ertik
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sevim Tunali
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Turker Acar
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulay Bal-Demirci
- Division of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahri Ülküseven
- Division of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cai X, Hu Z, Zhang M, Dang Q, Yang Q, Zhao X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Fang H, Yu H. Dosage-effect of selenium supplementation on blood glucose and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127410. [PMID: 38377660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of selenium (Se) supplementation on glycemic control is disparate. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effects of different dosages of Se diets on the blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, db/db) and normal (db/m) mice. METHODS The db/db and db/m mice were fed with different dosages of Se supplemented diets (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 2.7 mg/kg) for 12 weeks, respectively. Se concentrations of tissues, physical and biochemical characteristics, oxidative stress indexes and gene expression related to glucose, lipid metabolism and Se transporters of liver were detected. RESULTS The Se concentrations in tissues were related to the dosages of Se supplementation in db/db (blood: slope=11.69, r = 0.924; skeletal muscle: slope=0.36, r = 0.505; liver: slope=22.12, r = 0.828; kidney: slope=11.81, r = 0.736) and db/m mice (blood: slope=19.89, r = 0.876; skeletal muscle: slope=2.80, r = 0.883; liver: slope=44.75, r = 0.717; kidney: slope=60.15, r = 0.960). Compared with Se2.7 group, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels of Se0.1 and Se0.3 group were decreased at week3 in db/db mice. Compared with control (Se0) group, the FBG levels of Se2.7 group were increased from week6 to week12 in db/m mice. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of Se0.3 group was lower than that of Se0.9 and Se2.7 group in db/m mice. Furthermore, compared with control group, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in skeletal muscle of Se0.1 group was decreased, while that of Se2.7 group was increased in db/db mice; the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in skeletal muscle of Se0.3, Se0.9 and Se2.7 group was increased both in db/db and db/m mice. For db/db mice, glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic (G6pc) expression of other groups were lower and fatty acid synthase (Fasn) expression of Se0.9 group were lower compared with Se0.3 group. For db/m mice, compared with Se0.3 group, (peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha) Pgc-1α expression of control and Se0.9 group were higher; (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1) Pck1 expression of Se0.1, Se0.9, and Se2.7 group were higher. CONCLUSION Low dosages (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) of Se supplementation exerted beneficial effects on FBG levels and glucose tolerance through regulating hepatic glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and inhibit the oxidative stress while high dosages of Se (0.9 and 2.7 mg/kg) supplementation enhanced FBG levels, impaired glucose tolerance and aggravate oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Cai
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Zhuo Hu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Qinyu Dang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yandi Zhu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yadi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yuchen Wei
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Haiqin Fang
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, PR China.
| | - Huanling Yu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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Lee K, Kuang A, Bain JR, Hayes MG, Muehlbauer MJ, Ilkayeva OR, Newgard CB, Powe CE, Hivert MF, Scholtens DM, Lowe WL. Metabolomic and genetic architecture of gestational diabetes subtypes. Diabetologia 2024; 67:895-907. [PMID: 38367033 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Physiological gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) subtypes that may confer different risks for adverse pregnancy outcomes have been defined. The aim of this study was to characterise the metabolome and genetic architecture of GDM subtypes to address the hypothesis that they differ between GDM subtypes. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of participants in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study who underwent an OGTT at approximately 28 weeks' gestation. GDM was defined retrospectively using International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups/WHO criteria, and classified as insulin-deficient GDM (insulin secretion <25th percentile with preserved insulin sensitivity) or insulin-resistant GDM (insulin sensitivity <25th percentile with preserved insulin secretion). Metabolomic analyses were performed on fasting and 1 h serum samples in 3463 individuals (576 with GDM). Genome-wide genotype data were obtained for 8067 individuals (1323 with GDM). RESULTS Regression analyses demonstrated striking differences between the metabolomes for insulin-deficient or insulin-resistant GDM compared to those with normal glucose tolerance. After adjustment for covariates, 33 fasting metabolites, including 22 medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines, were uniquely associated with insulin-deficient GDM; 23 metabolites, including the branched-chain amino acids and their metabolites, were uniquely associated with insulin-resistant GDM; two metabolites (glycerol and 2-hydroxybutyrate) were associated with the same direction of association with both subtypes. Subtype differences were also observed 1 h after a glucose load. In genome-wide association studies, variants within MTNR1B (rs10830963, p=3.43×10-18, OR 1.55) and GCKR (rs1260326, p=5.17×10-13, OR 1.43) were associated with GDM. Variants in GCKR (rs1260326, p=1.36×10-13, OR 1.60) and MTNR1B (rs10830963, p=1.22×10-9, OR 1.49) demonstrated genome-wide significant association with insulin-resistant GDM; there were no significant associations with insulin-deficient GDM. The lead SNP in GCKR, rs1260326, was associated with the levels of eight of the 25 fasting metabolites that were associated with insulin-resistant GDM and ten of 41 1 h metabolites that were associated with insulin-resistant GDM. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study demonstrates that physiological GDM subtypes differ in their metabolome and genetic architecture. These findings require replication in additional cohorts, but suggest that these differences may contribute to subtype-related adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Lee
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alan Kuang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James R Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Camille E Powe
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William L Lowe
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Deshmukh NJ, Kalshetti MS, Patil M, Autade P, Sangle GV. Exploring the modulatory effects of sotagliflozin on dyslipidemia in mice: The role of glucagon, fibroblast growth factor 21 and glucagon-like peptide 1. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13854. [PMID: 38527859 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Sotagliflozin is the first dual SGLT1/2 inhibitor antidiabetic drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the management of heart failure. SGLT1/2 inhibition is observed to potentiate the secretion of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The current preclinical research sought to investigate the effect of sotagliflozin on the secretion of fat-regulating peptides such as GLP-1, glucagon and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and their prospective association with sotagliflozin's potential beneficial effects on dyslipidaemia. During an oral fat tolerance test in mice, sotagliflozin substantially increased GLP-1 and insulin concentrations. Although sotagliflozin alone did not ameliorate postprandial lipemia, its combination with linagliptin (DPP-IV inhibitor) significantly improved lipid tolerance comparable to orlistat (lipase inhibitor). In a triton-induced hypertriglyceridemia model, sotagliflozin, along with other medications (fenofibrate, exenatide and linagliptin) reduced fat excursion; however, co-administration with linagliptin provided no extra advantage. Furthermore, sotagliflozin stimulated glucagon secretion in the alpha TC1.6 cells and healthy mice, which resulted in an increased circulating FGF21 and β-hydroxybutyrate concentration. Finally, chronic treatment of sotagliflozin in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice resulted in reduced body weight gain, liver triglyceride, cholesterol, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels compared with the placebo group. However, the addition of linagliptin did not provide any additional benefit. In conclusion, sotagliflozin was found to have an effect on GLP-1 and also stimulate the release of glucagon and FGF21, which are important for regulating fat metabolism. Therefore, sotagliflozin might represent a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia and steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin J Deshmukh
- D.S.T.S. Mandal's Collage of Pharmacy, Solapur, India
- Wockhardt Research Centre, Aurangabad, India
| | - M S Kalshetti
- D.S.T.S. Mandal's Collage of Pharmacy, Solapur, India
| | - Mohan Patil
- Wockhardt Research Centre, Aurangabad, India
| | | | - Ganesh V Sangle
- Wockhardt Research Centre, Aurangabad, India
- Kashiv BioSciences Private Limited, Ahmedabad, India
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Nakamura A, Kido T, Seki Y, Suka M. Zinc deficiency affects insulin secretion and alters insulin-regulated metabolic signaling in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127375. [PMID: 38184923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The essential trace element zinc is important in stabilizing pancreatic insulin secretion. Zinc not only influences the synthesis of insulin but also affects its activity. Insulin not only exerts a hypoglycemic effect but also regulates glucose and lipid metabolisms in insulin target organs. In this study, we aimed to determine changes to pancreatic β cells and insulin secretion induced by different zinc concentrations and to evaluate the effect of zinc deficiency on glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and insulin target organs via changing insulin levels. METHODS We set up two experimental trials. In the first trial, male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups. Group one (ZnC) received a standard diet, group two (ZnF) was given a zinc-free diet, and group three (ZnFC) was initially fed a zinc-free diet followed by a reversion to the standard diet. After sacrifice, we observed changes in blood parameters, including insulin, and examined alterations in pancreatic tissue using immunostaining, with focus on the localization of pancreatic β-cells. In the second trial, male SD rats were split into two groups, with one receiving a standard diet and the other a zinc-free diet. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests were then performed. After sacrifice, we evaluated changes in lipid and glucose metabolism within insulin target organs using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In the first trial, blood insulin levels and the area of insulin-positive staining in pancreatic β-cells decreased in the ZnF compared to the ZnC group. The ZnFC group did not show recovery in either blood insulin levels or the area of insulin-positive staining in pancreatic β-cells. In the second trial, no differences were observed in glucose tolerance or insulin resistance between the ZnC and ZnF groups. However, changes in the expression of insulin target genes were noted in the liver and adipose tissue in the ZnF group. CONCLUSION We reveal that dietary zinc concentrations not only affect the concentration of insulin in the blood but also impact the localization of pancreatic β-cells involved in insulin production. Furthermore, our results suggest that changes in blood insulin levels, induced by different zinc concentrations, could cause metabolic alterations in insulin target organs such as the liver and adipose tissue. This study sheds more light on the role of zinc in insulin-regulated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nakamura
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Takamasa Kido
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Seki
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Machi Suka
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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Holliday A, Warner J, Hulston CJ, Corfe BM, Crabtree DR. Anorexia of ageing is associated with elevated fasted and lower post-prandial ghrelin, independent of ghrelin O-acyltransferase. Appetite 2024; 196:107259. [PMID: 38341037 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The role of ghrelin metabolism in anorexia of ageing is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine acyl-ghrelin, total ghrelin, and ghrelin O-acyltransferase concentrations when fasted and in responses to feeding in older adults exhibiting anorexia of ageing. Twenty-five older adults (OA; 15f, 74 ± 7 years, 24.5 kg·m-2) and twelve younger adults (YA; 6f, 21 ± 2 years, 24.4 kg·m-2) provided a fasted measure of subjective appetite and fasted blood sample (0 min) before consuming a standardised porridge breakfast meal (450 kcal). Appetite was measured every 30 min for 240 min and blood was sampled at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min while participants rested. At 240 min, an ad libitum pasta-based lunch meal was consumed. Older adults were identified as those with healthy appetite (HA-OA) or low appetite (LA-OA), based on habitual energy intake, self-report appetite, BMI, and ad libitum lunch intake. YA ate more at lunch (1108 ± 235 kcal) than HA-OA (653 ± 133 kcal, p = 0.007) and LA-OA (369 ± 168 kcal; p < 0.001). LA-OA, but not HA-OA, had higher fasted concentrations of acyl- and total ghrelin than YA (acyl-ghrelin: 621 ± 307 pg·mL-1 vs. 353 ± 166 pg·mL-1, p = 0.047; total ghrelin: 1333 ± 702 pg·mL-1 vs. 636 ± 251 pg·mL-1, p = 0.006). Acyl-ghrelin (60 min and 90 min) and total ghrelin (90 min) were suppressed to a greater extent for LA-OA than for YA (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in subjective appetite, acyl-to-total ghrelin ratio, or plasma GOAT content (p > 0.1). Higher fasting ghrelin and an augmented ghrelin response to feeding in LA-OA, but not HA-OA, suggests that alterations to ghrelin metabolism are not functions of ageing per se and may be independent causal mechanisms of anorexia of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Holliday
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional, and Sport Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Jordan Warner
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional, and Sport Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carl J Hulston
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bernard M Corfe
- Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel R Crabtree
- The Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Song WJ, Cheon DH, Song H, Jung D, Chan Park H, Yeong Hwang J, Choi HJ, NamKoong C. Activation of ChAT+ neuron in dorsal motor vagus (DMV) increases blood glucose through the regulation of hepatic gene expression in mice. Brain Res 2024; 1829:148770. [PMID: 38266888 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The brain and peripheral organs communicate through hormones and neural connections. Proper communication is required to maintain normal whole-body energy homeostasis. In addition to endocrine system, from the perspective of neural connections for metabolic homeostasis, the role of the sympathetic nervous system has been extensively studied, but understanding of the parasympathetic nervous system is limited. The liver plays a central role in glucose and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to clarify the innervation of parasympathetic nervous system in the liver and its functional roles in metabolic homeostasis. The liver-specific parasympathetic nervous system innervation (PNS) was shown by tissue clearing, immunofluorescence and transgenic mice at the three-dimensional histological level. The parasympathetic efferent signals were manipulated using a chemogenetic technique and the activation of ChAT+ parasympathetic neurons in dorsal motor vagus (DMV) results in the increased blood glucose through the elevated hepatic gluconeogenic and lipogenic gene expression in the liver. Thus, our study showed the evidence of ChAT+ parasympathetic neurons in the liver and its role for hepatic parasympathetic nervous signaling in glucose homeostasis through the regulation of hepatic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Song
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Division of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Hyeon Cheon
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Division of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HeeIn Song
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Division of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeun Jung
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Division of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Chan Park
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Division of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeong Hwang
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Division of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Choi
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Division of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; BK21Plus Biomedical Science Project Team, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Hongchoen, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cherl NamKoong
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Metabolism Regulation Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Division of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Core Research Laboratory, Medical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea.
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Prajapati N, Sharma D, Ashok Bidve P, Chouhan D, Allani M, Kumar Patel S, Ghosh Chowdhury M, Shard A, Tiwari V. Glucose regulation by newly synthesized boronic acid functionalized molecules as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor: a potential compound for therapeutic intervention in hyperglycaemia. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2859-2871. [PMID: 37254302 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2215319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors is gaining precedence as this enzyme plays an indispensable role in cleaving and inactivating peptides, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), incretin hormones, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). There are several DPP IV inhibitors used to treat T2DM, but limited by side effects such as disturbed GIT, flu-like symptoms, etc. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of novel and better DPP IV inhibitors for the management of the same. In the present study, we investigated the effect of new boronic acid-based thiazole compounds as DPP IV inhibitors. We used substituted anilines that were progressively modified through a multi-step synthesis and then chemically characterised. These molecules have good binding affinity and molecular interactions at the active site of the DPP IV enzyme. Two boronic acid-based molecules, i.e. PC06R58 and PC06R108, were used for the assessment of their in-vitro enzymatic activities. Both molecules (PC06108 and PC06R58) exhibited potent uncompetitive DPP IV enzyme inhibition at two different concentrations of 90.9 and 15.6 nM, respectively, compared to sitagliptin having an IC50 of 17.3 nM. Furthermore, the oral glucose tolerance test suggested significantly reduced blood glucose levels at 20 mg/kg of the body weight upon administration of PC06R58 and PC06R108 molecules in rats after glucose ingestion (2 g/kg of the body weight). The compounds showed satisfactory DPP IV inhibition. Furthermore, DPP IV inhibitory activity and acceptable pre-ADME/Tox profile indicate it is a lead compound in this novel class of DPP IV inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Prajapati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dilip Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pankaj Ashok Bidve
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepak Chouhan
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meghana Allani
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sagar Kumar Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Moumita Ghosh Chowdhury
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Salau VF, Erukainure OL, Olofinsan KO, Msomi NZ, Ijomone OM, Islam MS. Vanillin improves glucose homeostasis and modulates metabolic activities linked to type 2 diabetes in fructose-streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:169-182. [PMID: 34752171 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1988981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the antidiabetic effect of vanillin using in vitro, in silico, and in vivo experimental models. METHODOLOGY Type 2 diabetes (T2D) was induced in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using fructose-streptozotocin (STZ), then orally administered low (150 mg/kg bodyweight) or high (300 mg/kg bodyweight) dose of vanillin for 5 weeks intervention period. RESULTS Vanillin suppressed the levels of blood glucose, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine, urea, uric acid, when elevated serum insulin, HDL-cholesterol, and concomitantly improved pancreatic β-cell function, glucose tolerance, and pancreatic morphology. It also elevated both serum and pancreatic tissue GSH level, SOD and catalase activities, and hepatic glycogen level, while depleting malondialdehyde level, α-amylase, lipase, acetylcholinesterase, ATPase, ENTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and glycogen phosphorylase activities. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate the potent antidiabetic effect of vanillin against T2D and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Veritas University, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Kolawole O Olofinsan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nontokozo Z Msomi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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11
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Zou L, Xu C, Wang L, Cao X, Jia X, Yang Z, Jiang G, Ji L. Human gestational diabetes mellitus-derived exosomes impair glucose homeostasis in pregnant mice and stimulate functional maturation of offspring-islets. Life Sci 2024; 342:122514. [PMID: 38395386 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreatic islets undergo critical development and functional maturation during the perinatal period when they are highly sensitive to microenvironment. We aim to determine the effects and mechanisms of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) hypermetabolic stress on glucose homeostasis in pregnant mice and functional maturation of the islets of their offspring. MAIN METHODS Exosomes were extracted from the umbilical vein blood of individuals with or without GDM for administration to pregnant mice. The blood glucose, serum insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and lipopolysaccharide levels were measured in pregnant mice. The expression and localization of insulin, glucagon, PC1/3, PDX1, and p-S6 in the islets of neonatal rats were continuously monitored using immunofluorescence to evaluate their functional status. Primary islet cells were cultured and treated with GDM exosomes and exendin to determine the expression of GLP-1R, AKT, p-AKT, and p-S6 via western blotting. KEY FINDINGS GDM exosomes induced remarkable oral glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and metabolic inflammation in pregnant mice. The islets of GDM offspring exhibited high insulin, glucagon, PC1/3, PDX1, and p-S6 expression at and after birth, and activation of the local GLP-1/GLP-1R axis. The functional maturation of normal-offspring islets did not commence until after birth, while it was activated prior to birth in GDM offspring, seriously disrupting the whole process. GDM exosomes activated the GLP-1/GLP-1R axis between α and β cells, and stimulated functional maturation of β cells via the Akt-mTORC1-pS6 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE These findings provide preliminary insights into the mechanisms underlying the high incidence of diabetes in the offspring of mothers with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhai Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Chunxue Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266035, China
| | - Xiangju Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xinyu Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266021, China; Zhaoqing Yikai international pharmaceutical research institute, Zhaoqing 526000, China
| | - Lixia Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Shinan District, Qingdao 266021, China.
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12
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Starling S. Dysfunctional lipid metabolism in ageing muscle: effects on glucose tolerance. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:192. [PMID: 38308072 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
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13
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Dey KC, Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Smith LR, Jones RL, Bailey DP. Interrupting sitting acutely attenuates cardiometabolic risk markers in South Asian adults living with overweight and obesity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1163-1174. [PMID: 37950762 PMCID: PMC10954978 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the acute effects of interrupting sitting with light-intensity walking on postprandial cardiometabolic risk markers in South Asian adults. METHODS South Asians with overweight/obesity (n = 19; body mass index [BMI] > 23 kg·m-2) and normal-weight (n = 8; BMI 18.0-22.9 kg·m-2) aged 48.8 ± 5.6 years completed two, 5-h conditions: (1) prolonged sitting (SIT), and (2) interrupted sitting with 5-min bouts of light-intensity walking every 30-min (INT-SIT). Blood samples and resting expired air samples were collected throughout each condition. Statistical analyses were completed using linear mixed models. RESULTS In participants with overweight/obesity, postprandial glucose, triglycerides (TAG) and metabolic load index (MLI) over time were lower, whereas resting substrate utilisation and resting energy expenditure (REE) were higher, in INT-SIT than SIT (all p ≤ 0.05). Compared with SIT (0.18 [95% CI 0.13, 0.22] kcal.min-1), INT-SIT (0.23 [95% CI 0.18, 0.27] kcal.min-1) increased postprandial REE iAUC in participants with overweight/obesity (p = 0.04, d = 0.51). Postprandial TAG concentrations over time were lower in INT-SIT versus SIT (p = 0.01, d = 30) in normal-weight participants, with no differences in any other outcomes for this sample group. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that interrupting sitting with 5-min bouts of light walking every 30-min acutely attenuates cardiometabolic risk markers among South Asians living with overweight/obesity, whereas limited effects may be seen in individuals with normal-weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalesh Chandra Dey
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia K Zakrzewski-Fruer
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK.
| | - Lindsey R Smith
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
| | - Rebecca L Jones
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
- Health Advancement Research Team (HART), School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Daniel P Bailey
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK.
- Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
- Centre for Physical Activity in Health and Disease, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
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Pedersen MGB, Rittig N, Bangshaab M, Berg-Hansen K, Gopalasingam N, Gormsen LC, Søndergaard E, Møller N. Effects of exogenous lactate on lipid, protein, and glucose metabolism-a randomized crossover trial in healthy males. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E443-E453. [PMID: 38324259 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00301.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Lactate may inhibit lipolysis and thus enhance insulin sensitivity, but there is a lack of metabolic human studies. This study aimed to determine how hyperlactatemia affects lipolysis, glucose- and protein metabolism, and insulin sensitivity in healthy men. In a single-blind, randomized, crossover design, eight healthy men were studied after an overnight fast on two occasions: 1) during a sodium-lactate infusion (LAC) and 2) during a sodium-matched NaCl infusion (CTR). Both days consisted of a 3-h postabsorptive period followed by a 3-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (HEC). Lipolysis rate, endogenous glucose production (EGP), and delta glucose rate of disappearance (ΔRdglu) were evaluated using [9,10-3H]palmitate and [3-3H]glucose tracers. In addition, whole body- and forearm protein metabolism was assessed using [15N]phenylalanine, [2H4]tyrosine, [15N]tyrosine, and [13C]urea tracers. In the postabsorptive period, plasma lactate increased to 2.7 ± 0.5 mmol/L during LAC vs. 0.6 ± 0.3 mmol/L during CTR (P < 0.001). In the postabsorptive period, palmitate flux was 30% lower during LAC compared with CTR (84 ± 32 µmol/min vs. 120 ± 35 µmol/min, P = 0.003). During the HEC, palmitate flux was suppressed similarly during both interventions (P = 0.7). EGP, ΔRdglu, and M value were similar during LAC and CTR. During HEC, LAC increased whole body phenylalanine flux (P = 0.02) and protein synthesis (P = 0.03) compared with CTR; LAC did not affect forearm protein metabolism compared with CTR. Lactate infusion inhibited lipolysis by 30% under postabsorptive conditions but did not affect glucose metabolism or improve insulin sensitivity. In addition, whole body phenylalanine flux was increased. Clinical trial registrations: NCT04710875.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Lactate is a decisive intermediary metabolite, serving as an energy substrate and a signaling molecule. The present study examines the effects of lactate on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy males. Hyperlactatemia reduces lipolysis by 30% without affecting insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. In addition, hyperlactatemia increases whole body amino acid turnover rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette G B Pedersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Rittig
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maj Bangshaab
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lars C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Coate KC, Ramnanan CJ, Smith M, Winnick JJ, Kraft G, Irimia-Dominguez J, Farmer B, Donahue EP, Roach PJ, Cherrington AD, Edgerton DS. Integration of metabolic flux with hepatic glucagon signaling and gene expression profiles in the conscious dog. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E428-E442. [PMID: 38324258 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00316.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon rapidly and profoundly stimulates hepatic glucose production (HGP), but for reasons that are unclear, this effect normally wanes after a few hours, despite sustained plasma glucagon levels. This study characterized the time course of glucagon-mediated molecular events and their relevance to metabolic flux in the livers of conscious dogs. Glucagon was either infused into the hepato-portal vein at a sixfold basal rate in the presence of somatostatin and basal insulin, or it was maintained at a basal level in control studies. In one control group, glucose remained at basal, whereas in the other, glucose was infused to match the hyperglycemia that occurred in the hyperglucagonemic group. Elevated glucagon caused a rapid (30 min) and largely sustained increase in hepatic cAMP over 4 h, a continued elevation in glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), and activation and deactivation of glycogen phosphorylase and synthase activities, respectively. Net hepatic glycogenolysis increased rapidly, peaking at 15 min due to activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway, then slowly returned to baseline over the next 3 h in line with allosteric inhibition by glucose and G6P. Glucagon's stimulatory effect on HGP was sustained relative to the hyperglycemic control group due to continued PKA activation. Hepatic gluconeogenic flux did not increase due to the lack of glucagon's effect on substrate supply to the liver. Global gene expression profiling highlighted glucagon-regulated activation of genes involved in cellular respiration, metabolic processes, and signaling, as well as downregulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix assembly and development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glucagon rapidly stimulates hepatic glucose production, but these effects are transient. This study links the molecular and metabolic flux changes that occur in the liver over time in response to a rise in glucagon, demonstrating the strength of the dog as a translational model to couple findings in small animals and humans. In addition, this study clarifies why the rapid effects of glucagon on liver glycogen metabolism are not sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie C Coate
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Christopher J Ramnanan
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marta Smith
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jason J Winnick
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Guillaume Kraft
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jose Irimia-Dominguez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Ben Farmer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - E Patrick Donahue
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Peter J Roach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Dale S Edgerton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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16
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Ralston JD, Anderson M, Ng J, Bashir A, Ehrlich K, Burns-Hunt D, Cotton M, Hansell L, Hsu C, Hunt H, Karter AJ, Levy SM, Ludman E, Madziwa L, Omura EM, Rogers K, Sevey B, Shaw JAM, Shortreed SM, Singh U, Speight J, Sweeny A, Tschernisch K, Sergei Tschernisch S, Yarborough L. Preventing severe hypoglycemia in adults with type 2 diabetes (PHT2): Design, delivery and evaluation framework for a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 139:107456. [PMID: 38253252 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe hypoglycemia is a common and feared complication of medications used to lower blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes. Psychoeducational interventions can prevent severe hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aim to determine the effectiveness of this approach among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at elevated risk for severe hypoglycemia. METHODS Preventing Hypoglycemia in Type 2 diabetes (PHT2) is a two-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial. Participants are eligible if they are adults with T2D receiving care at an integrated group practice in Washington state and have experienced one or more episodes of severe hypoglycemia in the prior 12 months or have impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (Gold score ≥ 4). Participants are randomized to proactive nurse care management with or without my hypo compass, an evidence-based, psychoeducational intervention combining group and individual self-management training. For this study, my hypo compass was adapted to be suitable for adults with T2D and from an in-person to a virtual intervention over videoconference and telephone. The primary outcome is any self-reported severe hypoglycemia in the 12 months following the start of the intervention. Secondary outcomes include biochemical measures of hypoglycemia, self-reported hypoglycemia awareness, fear of hypoglycemia, and emergency department visits and hospitalizations for severe hypoglycemia. The study includes a process evaluation to assess implementation fidelity and clarify the causal pathway. CONCLUSION The PHT2 trial will compare the effectiveness of two approaches for reducing severe hypoglycemia in adults with T2D. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov, # NCT04863872.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Ralston
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Washington Permanente Medical Group, 125 16th Ave E, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Melissa Anderson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Janet Ng
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Ayat Bashir
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Kelly Ehrlich
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Dena Burns-Hunt
- Kaiser Permanente Washington, 2715 Naches Ave SW, Renton, WA 98057, USA
| | - Meredith Cotton
- Department of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Laurel Hansell
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Clarissa Hsu
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Helen Hunt
- Kaiser Permanente Washington, 2715 Naches Ave SW, Renton, WA 98057, USA
| | - Andrew J Karter
- Department of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Shaula M Levy
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Evette Ludman
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Lawrence Madziwa
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Emily M Omura
- Washington Permanente Medical Group, 125 16th Ave E, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristine Rogers
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Brandie Sevey
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - James A M Shaw
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Susan M Shortreed
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; University of Washington, Department of Biostatistics, 3980 15th Avenue NE, Box 351617, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Umesh Singh
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jane Speight
- Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Suite G01, 15-31 Pelham Street, Carlton, Victoria, Australia; School of Psychology, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amber Sweeny
- Department of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Yarborough
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, 1730 Minor Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
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17
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Cao L, Zhou S, Li J, Chen K, Xue X, Yi W. Effects of electroacupuncture on intestinal microflora and plasma metabolites in an insulin-resistant mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Acupunct Med 2024; 42:76-86. [PMID: 38160204 DOI: 10.1177/09645284231207871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 on intestinal microflora and plasma metabolites in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), to provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the clinical treatment of T2DM by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). METHODS Sixteen T2DM db/db mice were randomly divided into treatment (T, n = 8) and model (M, n = 8) groups, and a further eight normal db/m+ mice reared under the same conditions served as a non-diabetic control group (C, n = 8). The general conditions of mice were observed weekly. After obtaining blood and stool samples, the mice were euthanized. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured using a glucometer and fasting insulin (FINS) was measured in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Liver and colon tissues were embedded in paraffin and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to observe pathological changes in these tissues. In addition, 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing was performed to analyze changes in the intestinal flora and metabolomics was employed to assess changes in metabolites in the blood. RESULTS EA significantly reduced FBG and FINS levels and alleviated pathological damage to the liver and colon. Furthermore, EA increased intestinal community richness and diversity by decreasing the relative abundance of Clostridium and incresasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. EA also reduced D-fructose levels in T2DM mice according to plasma metabolomics. CONCLUSION EA has a positive regulatory effect on the intestinal flora and can regulate blood glucose and improve insulin resistance in T2DM model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Cao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kefang Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojin Xue
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yi
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Bailey CJ, Flatt PR. Duodenal enteroendocrine cells and GIP as treatment targets for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Peptides 2024; 174:171168. [PMID: 38320643 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The duodenum is an important source of endocrine and paracrine signals controlling digestion and nutrient disposition, notably including the main incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Bariatric procedures that prevent nutrients from contact with the duodenal mucosa are particularly effective interventions to reduce body weight and improve glycaemic control in obesity and type 2 diabetes. These procedures take advantage of increased nutrient delivery to more distal regions of the intestine which enhances secretion of the other incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Preclinical experiments have shown that either an increase or a decrease in the secretion or action of GIP can decrease body weight and blood glucose in obesity and non-insulin dependent hyperglycaemia, but clinical studies involving administration of GIP have been inconclusive. However, a synthetic dual agonist peptide (tirzepatide) that exerts agonism at receptors for GIP and GLP-1 has produced marked weight-lowering and glucose-lowering effects in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes. This appears to result from chronic biased agonism in which the novel conformation of the peptide triggers enhanced signalling by the GLP-1 receptor through reduced internalisation while reducing signalling by the GIP receptor directly or via functional antagonism through increased internalisation and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, UK
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19
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Cherrington AL, Bebu I, Krause-Steinrauf H, Hoogendoorn CJ, Crespo-Ramos G, Presley C, Naik AD, Balasubramanyam A, Gramzinski MR, Killean T, Arends VL, Gonzalez JS. Does Emotional Distress Predict Worse Glycemic Control Over Time? Results From the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE). Diabetes Care 2024; 47:620-628. [PMID: 38252848 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether baseline levels of depressive symptoms and diabetes-specific distress are associated with glycemic control in Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE), a large randomized controlled trial comparing the metabolic effects of four common glucose-lowering medications when combined with metformin in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The primary and secondary outcomes were defined as an HbA1c value ≥7%, subsequently confirmed, and an HbA1c value >7.5%, subsequently confirmed, respectively. Separate Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association between baseline levels of each exposure of interest (depressive symptoms measured with the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire and diabetes distress measured with the Diabetes Distress Scale) and the subsequent risk of metabolic outcomes. RESULTS This substudy included 1,739 participants (56% of whom were non-Hispanic White, 18% non-Hispanic Black, 17% Hispanic, and 68% male; mean [SD] age 58.0 [10.2] years, diabetes duration 4.2 [2.8] years, and HbA1c 7.5% [0.48%]). A total of 1,157 participants reached the primary outcome, with time to event of 2.1 years on average, while 738 participants reached the secondary outcome at 3 years on average. With adjustment for sex, race/ethnicity, treatment group, baseline age, duration of T2DM, BMI, and HbA1c, there were no significant associations between the depressive symptoms or diabetes distress and the subsequent risk of the primary or secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that, at least for individuals with diabetes of relatively short duration, baseline levels of emotional distress are not associated with glycemic control over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Cherrington
- General Internal and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ionut Bebu
- Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD
| | - Heidi Krause-Steinrauf
- Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD
| | - Claire J Hoogendoorn
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
- Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Gladys Crespo-Ramos
- Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Caroline Presley
- Division of Preventative Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Aanand D Naik
- University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Michaela R Gramzinski
- Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD
| | - Tina Killean
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Valerie L Arends
- Advanced Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jeffrey S Gonzalez
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
- Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- New York-Regional Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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20
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Zhen J, Gu Y, Wang P, Wang W, Bian S, Huang S, Liang H, Huang M, Yu Y, Chen Q, Jiang G, Qiu X, Xiong L, Liu S. Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis among 30,699 Chinese pregnant women identifies novel genetic and molecular risk factors for gestational diabetes and glycaemic traits. Diabetologia 2024; 67:703-713. [PMID: 38372780 PMCID: PMC10904416 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common disorder in pregnancy; however, its underlying causes remain obscure. This study aimed to investigate the genetic and molecular risk factors contributing to GDM and glycaemic traits. METHODS We collected non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) sequencing data along with four glycaemic and 55 biochemical measurements from 30,699 pregnant women during a 2 year period at Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital in China. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were conducted between genotypes derived from NIPTs and GDM diagnosis, baseline glycaemic levels and glycaemic levels after glucose challenges. In total, 3317 women were diagnosed with GDM, while 19,565 served as control participants. The results were replicated using two independent cohorts. Additionally, we performed one-sample Mendelian randomisation to explore potential causal associations between the 55 biochemical measurements and risk of GDM and glycaemic levels. RESULTS We identified four genetic loci significantly associated with GDM susceptibility. Among these, MTNR1B exhibited the highest significance (rs10830963-G, OR [95% CI] 1.57 [1.45, 1.70], p=4.42×10-29), although its effect on type 2 diabetes was modest. Furthermore, we found 31 genetic loci, including 14 novel loci, that were significantly associated with the four glycaemic traits. The replication rates of these associations with GDM, fasting plasma glucose levels and 0 h, 1 h and 2 h OGTT glucose levels were 4 out of 4, 6 out of 9, 10 out of 11, 5 out of 7 and 4 out of 4, respectively. Mendelian randomisation analysis suggested that a genetically regulated higher lymphocytes percentage and lower white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage and absolute neutrophil count were associated with elevated glucose levels and an increased risk of GDM. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings provide new insights into the genetic basis of GDM and glycaemic traits during pregnancy in an East Asian population and highlight the potential role of inflammatory pathways in the aetiology of GDM and variations in glycaemic levels. DATA AVAILABILITY Summary statistics for GDM; fasting plasma glucose; 0 h, 1 h and 2h OGTT; and the 55 biomarkers are available in the GWAS Atlas (study accession no.: GVP000001, https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gwas/browse/GVP000001) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Zhen
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqin Gu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Piao Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengzhe Bian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujia Huang
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingxi Huang
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Women's Health, Provincial Key Clinical Specialty of Woman and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Likuan Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Siyang Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Dörner R, Hägele FA, Müller MJ, Seidel U, Rimbach G, Bosy-Westphal A. Effect of exogenous and endogenous ketones on respiratory exchange ratio and glucose metabolism in healthy subjects. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1027-C1033. [PMID: 38314726 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00429.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of exogenous ketone bodies (KB) on oxygen consumption (V̇o2), carbon dioxide production (V̇co2), and glucose metabolism. The data were compared with the effects of endogenous ketonemia during both, a ketogenic diet or fasting. Eight healthy individuals [24.1 ± 2.5 yr, body mass index (BMI) 24.3 ± 3.1 kg/m2] participated in a crossover intervention study and were studied in a whole-room indirect calorimeter (WRIC) to assess macronutrient oxidation following four 24-h interventions: isocaloric controlled mixed diet (ISO), ISO supplemented with ketone salts (38.7 g of β-hydroxybutyrate/day, EXO), isocaloric ketogenic diet (KETO), and total fasting (FAST). A physical activity level of 1.65 was obtained. In addition to plasma KB, 24-h C-peptide and KB excretion rates in the urine and postprandial glucose and insulin levels were measured. Although 24-h KB excretion increased in response to KETO and FAST, there was a modest increase in response to EXO only (P < 0.05). When compared with ISO, V̇o2 significantly increased in KETO (P < 0.01) and EXO (P < 0.001), whereas there was no difference in FAST. V̇co2 increased in EXO but decreased in KETO (both P < 0.01) and FAST (P < 0.001), resulting in 24-h respiratory exchange ratios (RER) of 0.828 ± 0.024 (ISO) and 0.811 ± 0.024 (EXO) (P < 0.05). In response to EXO there were no differences in basal and postprandial glucose and insulin levels, as well as in insulin sensitivity. When compared with ISO, EXO, and KETO, FAST increased homeostatic model assessment β-cell function (HOMA-B) (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, at energy balance exogenous ketone salts decreased respiratory exchange ratio without affecting glucose tolerance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings revealed that during isocaloric nutrition, additional exogenous ketone salts increased V̇o2 and V̇co2 while lowering the respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Ketone salts had no effect on postprandial glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Dörner
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franziska A Hägele
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred J Müller
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrike Seidel
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Abdelgani S, Khattab A, Adams J, Baskoy G, Brown M, Clarke G, Larvenenko O, DeFronzo RA, Abdul-Ghani M. Empagliflozin Reduces Liver Fat in Individuals With and Without Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:668-675. [PMID: 38295394 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of empagliflozin on liver fat content in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the relationship between the decrease in liver fat and other metabolic actions of empagliflozin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty individuals with T2D and 27 without were randomly assigned to receive in double-blind fashion empagliflozin or matching placebo (2:1 ratio) for 12 weeks. Participants underwent 75-g oral glucose tolerance testing and measurement of liver fat content with MRS before therapy and at study end. Hepatic glucose production before the start of therapy was measured with 3-3H-glucose. RESULTS Empagliflozin caused an absolute reduction of 2.39% ± 0.79% in liver fat content compared with an increase of 0.91% ± 0.64% in participants receiving placebo (P < 0.007 with ANOVA). The decrease in liver fat was comparable in both individuals with diabetes and those without (2.75% ± 0.81% and 1.93% ± 0.78%, respectively; P = NS). The decrease in hepatic fat content caused by empagliflozin was strongly correlated with baseline liver fat content (r = -0.62; P < 0.001), decrease in body weight (r = 0.53; P < 0.001), and improvement in insulin sensitivity (r = -0.51; P < 0.001) but was not related to the decrease in fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c or the increase in hepatic glucose production. CONCLUSIONS Empagliflozin is effective in reducing liver fat content in individuals with and without T2D. The decrease in liver fat content is independent of the decrease in plasma glucose concentration and is strongly related to the decrease in body weight and improvement in insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Abdelgani
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ahmed Khattab
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - John Adams
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Gozde Baskoy
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Marissa Brown
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Geoff Clarke
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Olga Larvenenko
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Muhammad Abdul-Ghani
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
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Ma Y, Wei S, Dang L, Gao L, Shang S, Hu N, Peng W, Zhao Y, Yuan Y, Zhou R, Wang Y, Gao F, Wang J, Qu Q. Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and cognitive impairment in China: a community population-based cross-sectional study. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:342-352. [PMID: 36976719 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2193765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin resistance (IR) is a feature of metabolic syndrome and plays an important role in cognitive impairment (CI). The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a convenient and cost-effective surrogate for assessing IR. This study aimed to assess the association between the TyG index and CI. METHODS This community population-based cross-sectional study used a cluster-sampling methodology. All participants underwent the education-based Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and those with CI were identified using standard thresholds. The fasting blood triglyceride and glucose levels were measured in the morning, and the TyG index was calculated as ln (½ fasting triglyceride level [mg/dL] × fasting blood glucose level [mg/dL]). Multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analysis were used to assess the relationship between the TyG index and CI. RESULTS This study included 1484 subjects, of which 93 (6.27%) met the CI criteria. Multivariable logistic regression showed that CI incidence increased by 64% per unit increase in the TyG index (odds ratio [OR] = 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-2.63, p = 0.042). CI risk was 2.64-fold higher in the highest TyG index quartile compared to the lowest TyG index quartile (OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.19-5.85, p = 0.016). Finally, interaction analysis showed that sex, age, hypertension, and diabetes did not significantly affect the association between the TyG index and CI. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that an elevated TyG index was associated with a higher CI risk. Subjects with a higher TyG index should manage and treat at an early stage to alleviate the cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangjun Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Suhang Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningwei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Gao
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Bacha F, El-Ayash H, Mohamad M, Sharma S, Puyau M, Kanchi R, Coarfa C. Distinct Amino Acid Profile Characterizes Youth With or at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2024; 73:628-636. [PMID: 38215171 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic AAs (AAAs) are associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes in adults. Studies in youth show conflicting results. We hypothesized that an AA metabolomic signature can be defined to identify youth at risk for β-cell failure and the development of type 2 diabetes. We performed targeted AA metabolomics analysis on 127 adolescents (65 girls; 15.5 [SD ±1.9] years old, Tanner stage II-V) with normal weight or obesity across the spectrum of glycemia, with assessment of AA concentrations by mass spectrometry, at fasting, and steady state of a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, with determination of insulin sensitivity (IS) per fat-free mass (FFM). We measured insulin secretion during a 2-h hyperglycemic clamp and calculated the disposition index per FFM (DIFFM), a measure of β-cell function. Our results showed that concentration of glycine (Gly) and the glutamine (Gln)-to-glutamate (Glu) ratio were lower, whereas BCAA, tyrosine, and lysine (Lys) concentrations were higher in the groups with obesity and dysglycemia compared with those with normal weight. Gly and Gln-to-Glu ratio were positively related to IS and DIFFM, with opposite relationships observed for BCAAs, AAAs, and Lys. We conclude that a metabolic signature of low Gly concentration and low Gln-to-Glu ratio, and elevated BCAAs, AAAs, and Lys concentrations may constitute a biomarker to identify youth at risk for β-cell failure. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Fida Bacha
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Heba El-Ayash
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mahmoud Mohamad
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Susan Sharma
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Maurice Puyau
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Alkhawaldeh O, Jarrar Y, Gharaibeh M, Abudahab S, Abulebdah D, Jarrar B. Alterations in the gene expression of SARS-COV-2 entry receptors and enzymes in lungs and hearts of controlled and uncontrolled diabetic mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:328-340. [PMID: 37950353 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The entry of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into the host cell is carried out by specific receptors and enzymes, including human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2), transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), and cathepsin-L (CTSL). COVID-19 patients with comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), are more prone to severe symptoms and have a higher risk of mortality. AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the impact of controlled and uncontrolled type 1 DM (T1DM) on the gene expression of mouse Ace2, Tmprss2, and Ctsl and correlate it with the pathological alterations in the lungs and the heart of DM mice. METHODS Balb/c mice were administered a single dose of 240 mg/kg streptozocin to induce T1DM. The blood glucose level was measured to confirm the induction of DM. Normalization of blood glucose levels in T1DM mice was achieved using 0.1 mL/kg Mixtard® insulin therapy. The mice's lungs and hearts were harvested, and the mRNA was extracted and converted to cDNA. The gene expression of Ace2, Tmprss2, Ctsl, Cyp4a11, and Adrb1 genes, which play a role in the homeostasis of lungs and hearts, were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The pathological alterations in the hearts and lungs induced by T1DM were evaluated using the relative heart and lung weights, in addition to the pathohistological examination. RESULTS After inducing T1DM for 14 days, we observed a significant reduction in the total weight of uncontrolled DM (UDM) mice (P < 0.05). Pathohistological examination of UDM lung tissues revealed thickening of the alveolar walls with narrowing of the surface of the alveolar sacs. Additionally, we found that UDM mice exhibited downregulation of Ace2 gene expression (P < 0.05) in their lungs, while both UDM and control DM (CDM) mice showed upregulation of Ctsl gene expression in their hearts (P < 0.05). Notably, Cyp4a12 gene expression was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) in UDM mice but returned to normal levels in CDM mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude from this study that T1DM downregulates Ace2 receptor and Cyp4a12 gene expression, which is correlated with the thickening of alveolar walls and narrowing of the surface of alveolar sacs in the lungs. Insulin administration for controlling T1DM ameliorated these pathological alterations. These results can help increase our understanding of the impact of controlled and uncontrolled T1DM on the lungs and may explain, at least in part, why DM patients with COVID-19 experience exacerbation of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohood Alkhawaldeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Munir Gharaibeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sara Abudahab
- Deparment of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Dina Abulebdah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bashir Jarrar
- Nanobiology Unit, Department of Biology, College of Science, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan
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Liu Y, Hu H, Li C, Zhang Y, Li M, Lu T, Wu Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Yang F, Shi X, Lin S. Impacts of the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure and bacterial infections on β-cell function and glucose homeostasis in patients with liver cirrhosis. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:648-655. [PMID: 37758609 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis involved in glucose metabolism disorders (GMDs) in patients with liver cirrhosis remains unclear. AIMS We investigated the effects of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) development and bacterial infections (BIs) on pancreatic β-cell function and glucose homeostasis in individuals with liver cirrhosis. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 327 patients experiencing acute deterioration of liver cirrhosis. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and OGTT-based β-cell function indices were employed to assess β-cell function and glucose homeostasis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify GMD-associated risk factors. RESULTS Both the development of ACLF and BIs significantly increased the prevalence of GMDs. Both ACLF and BIs markedly elevated the homeostasis model of assessment 2-insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). ACLF significantly impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, as evidenced by reduced insulinogenic index (IGI). Patients with GMDs exhibited significantly lower IGI levels than those without GMDs. Independent risk factors associated with GMDs were prothrombin activity (odds ratio [OR]=0.981, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.960-0.995), HOMA2-IR (OR=1.749, 95% CI: 1.130-2.707), and IGI (OR=0.963, 95% CI: 0.947-0.978). CONCLUSIONS In liver cirrhosis, the onset of ACLF impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from β-cells. Both liver impairment and BIs contribute to increased insulin resistance, ultimately disturbing glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Liu
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215325, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Han Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Meichuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Yunchong Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Fangwan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Xiuquan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563006, China
| | - Shide Lin
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215325, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563003, China; College of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563003, China.
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HENG X, WANG Z, LI L, YANG L, HUANG S, JIN L, HE W. Mechanisms of Dangua Fang in multi-target and multi-method regulation of glycolipid metabolism based on phosphoproteomics. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:334-344. [PMID: 38504539 PMCID: PMC10927395 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230908.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Dangua Fang (, DGR) in multi-target and multi-method regulation of glycolipid metabolism based on phosphoproteomics. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats with normal glucose levels were randomly divided into three groups, including a conventional diet control group (Group A), high-fat-high-sugar diet model group (Group B), and DGR group (Group C, high-fat-high-sugar diet containing 20.5 g DGR). After 10 weeks of intervention, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h blood glucose [PBG; using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)], hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), plasma total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) were tested, and the livers of rats were removed to calculate the liver index. Then, hepatic portal TG were tested using the Gross permanent optimization-participatiory action planning enzymatic method and phosphoproteomics was performed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis followed by database search and bioinformatics analysis. Finally, cell experiments were used to verify the results of phosphoproteomics. Phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4k4) and phosphorylated adducin 1 (ADD1) were detected using western blotting. RESULTS DGR effectively reduced PBG, TG, and the liver index (P < 0.05), and significantly decreased HbA1c, TC, and hepatic portal TG (P < 0.01), showed significant hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, red oil O staining, and Masson staining of liver tissue. The total spectrum was 805 334, matched spectrum was 260 471, accounting for accounting 32.3%, peptides were 19 995, modified peptides were 14 671, identified proteins were 4601, quantifiable proteins were 4417, identified sites were 15 749, and quantified sites were 14659. Based on the threshold of expression fold change ( > 1.2), DGR up-regulated the modification of 228 phosphorylation sites involving 204 corresponding function proteins, and down-regulated the modification of 358 phosphorylation sites involving 358 corresponding function proteins, which included correcting 75 phosphorylation sites involving 64 corresponding function proteins relating to glycolipid metabolism. Therefore, DGR improved biological tissue processes, including information storage and processing, cellular processes and signaling, and metabolism. The metabolic functions regulated by DGR mainly include energy production and conversion, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, lipid transport and metabolism, inorganic ion transport and metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism. In vitro phosphorylation validation based on cell experiments showed that the change trends in the phosphorylation level of MAP4k4 and ADD1 were consistent with that of previous phosphoproteomics studies. CONCLUSION DGR extensively corrects the modification of phosphorylation sites to improve corresponding glycolipid metabolism-related protein expression in rats with glycolipid metabolism disorders, thereby regulating glycolipid metabolism through a multi-target and multi-method process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpei HENG
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Zhita WANG
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Liang LI
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Liuqing YANG
- 1 Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Suping HUANG
- 2 Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Lang JIN
- 3 Faculty of Humanities and Management, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Weidong HE
- 4 Department of Geriatrics, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350004, China
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Wang C, Luo D, Zheng L, Zhao M. Anti-diabetic mechanism and potential bioactive peptides of casein hydrolysates in STZ/HFD-induced diabetic rats. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:2947-2958. [PMID: 38041433 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Casein hydrolysates have attracted much interest as anti-diabetic food, but their hypoglycemic mechanism and biopeptides are not well understood. This study aimed to explore the anti-diabetic mechanism and potential biopeptides of casein hydrolysates in streptozotocin/high-fat-diet-induced diabetic rats and HepG2 cells. RESULTS Oral administration of casein hydrolysate prepared with papain-Flavourzyme combination (P-FCH) decreased fasting blood glucose, improved oral glucose tolerance, and reduced HbA1c values in diabetic rats. P-FCH was ineffective in alleviating insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment and insulin sensitivity index) and enhancing hepatic insulin signaling transduction (phosphorylated Akt, hexokinase activity, and pyruvate kinase activity) in diabetic rats. However, P-FCH significantly upregulated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and glucose transporter-2 expression, inhibited phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase activity, and elevated glycogen content in liver tissue of diabetic rats. Furthermore, P-FCH increased glucose consumption independently in normal and insulin-resistant HepG2 cells without the presence of insulin. The peptide composition of P-FCH was characterized. The potential biopeptides in P-FCH showed the sequence characteristic of a Val at the N-terminal or a Pro at the P2 position, and the hypoglycemic activity of Val-Pro-Leu-Gly (the most potential biopeptide in P-FCH) was verified by oral glucose tolerance test in mice. CONCLUSION These results suggested that activation of the non-insulin-mediated AMPK pathway might be the determinant mechanism of P-FCH on the hypoglycemic effect. The novel peptide Val-Pro-Leu-Gly in P-FCH was effective in reducing blood glucose levels when orally administered to mice. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Luo
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou, China
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Siewe N, Friedman A. A mathematical model of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes and efficacy of anti-diabetic weight reducing drug. J Theor Biol 2024; 581:111756. [PMID: 38307451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The dominant paradigm for modeling the obesity-induced T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus) today focuses on glucose and insulin regulatory systems, diabetes pathways, and diagnostic test evaluations. The problem with this approach is that it is not possible to explicitly account for the glucose transport mechanism from the blood to the liver, where the glucose is stored, and from the liver to the blood. This makes it inaccurate, if not incorrect, to properly model the concentration of glucose in the blood in comparison to actual glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test results. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model of glucose dynamics by a system of ODEs. The model includes the mechanism of glucose transport from the blood to the liver, and from the liver to the blood, and explains how obesity is likely to lead to T2DM. We use the model to evaluate the efficacy of an anti-T2DM drug that also reduces weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourridine Siewe
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Avner Friedman
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Kramer CK, Ye C, Hanley AJ, Connelly PW, Sermer M, Zinman B, Retnakaran R. Postpartum weight retention and the early evolution of cardiovascular risk over the first 5 years after pregnancy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:101. [PMID: 38500162 PMCID: PMC10949683 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cumulative effect of postpartum weight retention from each pregnancy in a woman's life may contribute to her risk of ultimately developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, there is limited direct evidence supporting this hypothesis. Thus, we sought to characterize the impact of postpartum weight retention on the trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors over the first 5-years after pregnancy. METHODS In this prospective observational cohort study, 330 women (mean age 35.7 ± 4.3 years, mean pre-pregnancy body mass index 25.2 ± 4.8 kg/m2, 50.9% primiparous) underwent serial cardiometabolic characterization (anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin sensitivity/resistance (Matsuda index, HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin) at 1-year, 3-years, and 5-years postpartum. Based on the magnitude of weight change between pre-pregnancy and 5-years postpartum, they were stratified into the following 3 groups: weight loss (n = 100), weight gain 0-6% (n = 110), and weight gain ≥ 6% (n = 120). RESULTS At 1-year postpartum, cardiovascular risk factors did not differ between the groups. However, an adverse risk factor profile progressively emerged in the weight retention groups at 3- and 5-years. Indeed, after covariate adjustment, there was stepwise worsening (from the weight loss group to weight gain 0-6% to weight gain ≥ 6% group) of the following cardiovascular risk factors at 5-years: triglycerides (p = 0.001), HDL (p = 0.02), LDL (p = 0.01), apolipoprotein-B (p = 0.003), Matsuda index (p < 0.0001), HOMA-IR (p < 0.0001), fasting glucose (p = 0.07), and CRP (p = 0.01). Moreover, on logistic regression analyses, weight gain ≥ 6% emerged as an independent predictor of pre-diabetes/diabetes at 5-years (adjusted OR = 3.40, 95%CI: 1.63-7.09). CONCLUSION Postpartum weight retention predicts trajectories of worsening cardiovascular risk factors and glucose intolerance over the first 5-years after delivery, consistent with its postulated contribution to future vascular disease in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline K Kramer
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, Suite L5-025, Mailbox-21, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Chang Ye
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, Suite L5-025, Mailbox-21, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, Suite L5-025, Mailbox-21, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philip W Connelly
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mathew Sermer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, Suite L5-025, Mailbox-21, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray Street, Suite L5-025, Mailbox-21, Toronto, ON, M5T 3L9, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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Ahmad A, Sabbour H. Effectiveness and safety of the combination of sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:99. [PMID: 38500154 PMCID: PMC10949729 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized controlled trials and real-world studies suggest that combination therapy with sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) is associated with improvement in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), and total cholesterol levels. However, a systematic review of available real-world evidence may facilitate clinical decision-making in the real-world scenario. This meta-analysis assessed the safety and effectiveness of combinations of SGLT2is + GLP-1RAs with a focus on their cardioprotective effects along with glucose-lowering ability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a real-world setting. METHODS Electronic searches were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, PROQuest, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases. Qualitative analyses and meta-analyses were performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute SUMARI software package and Review Manager v5.4, respectively. RESULTS The initial database search yielded 1445 articles; of these, 13 were included in this study. The analyses indicated that SGLT2is + GLP-1RAs combinations were associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality when compared with individual therapies (odds ratio [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49 [0.41, 0.60]; p < 0.00001). Significant reductions in BMI (- 1.71 [- 2.74, - 0.67]; p = 0.001), SBP (- 6.35 [- 10.17, - 2.53]; p = 0.001), HbA1c levels (- 1.48 [- 1.75, - 1.21]; p < 0.00001), and FPG (- 2.27 [- 2.78, - 1.76]; p < 0.00001) were associated with the simultaneous administration of the combination. Changes in total cholesterol levels and differences between simultaneous and sequential combination therapies for this outcome were not significant. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis based on real-world data suggests that the combination of SGLT2is + GLP-1RAs is associated with lower all-cause mortality and favorable improvements in cardiovascular, renal, and glycemic measurements. The findings drive a call-to-action to incorporate this combination early and simultaneously in managing T2DM patients and achieve potential cardiovascular benefits and renal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Endocrinology, Khalifa Medical University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hani Sabbour
- Department of Cardiology, Mediclinic Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Cardiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Chaudhry M, Kumar M, Singhal V, Srinivasan B. Metabolic health tracking using Ultrahuman M1 continuous glucose monitoring platform in non- and pre-diabetic Indians: a multi-armed observational study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6490. [PMID: 38499685 PMCID: PMC10948749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device adoption in non- and pre-diabetics for preventive healthcare has uncovered a paucity of benchmarking data on glycemic control and insulin resistance for the high-risk Indian/South Asian demographic. Furthermore, the correlational efficacy between digital applications-derived health scores and glycemic indices lacks clear supportive evidence. In this study, we acquired glycemic variability (GV) using the Ultrahuman (UH) M1 CGM, and activity metrics via the Fitbit wearable for Indians/South Asians with normal glucose control (non-diabetics) and those with pre-diabetes (N = 53 non-diabetics, 52 pre-diabetics) for 14 days. We examined whether CGM metrics could differentiate between the two groups, assessed the relationship of the UH metabolic score (MetSc) with clinical biomarkers of dysglycemia (OGTT, HbA1c) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); and tested which GV metrics maximally correlated with inflammation (Hs-CRP), stress (cortisol), sleep, step count and heart rate. We found significant inter-group differences for mean glucose levels, restricted time in range (70-110 mg/dL), and GV-by-SD, all of which improved across days. Inflammation was strongly linked with specific GV metrics in pre-diabetics, while sleep and activity correlated modestly in non-diabetics. Finally, MetSc displayed strong inverse relationships with insulin resistance and dysglycemia markers. These findings present initial guidance GV data of non- and pre-diabetic Indians and indicate that digitally-derived metabolic scores can positively influence glucose management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monik Chaudhry
- Ultrahuman Healthcare Private Limited, No. 799, V K Paradise Sector2, HSR Layout Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560102, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Ultrahuman Healthcare Private Limited, No. 799, V K Paradise Sector2, HSR Layout Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560102, India
| | - Vatsal Singhal
- Ultrahuman Healthcare Private Limited, No. 799, V K Paradise Sector2, HSR Layout Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560102, India
| | - Bhuvan Srinivasan
- Ultrahuman Healthcare Private Limited, No. 799, V K Paradise Sector2, HSR Layout Bengaluru, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560102, India.
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van Eijnatten EJM, Roelofs JJM, Camps G, Huppertz T, Lambers TT, Smeets PAM. Gastric coagulation and postprandial amino acid absorption of milk is affected by mineral composition: a randomized crossover trial. Food Funct 2024; 15:3098-3107. [PMID: 38416477 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Background: In vitro studies suggest that casein coagulation of milk is influenced by its mineral composition, and may therefore affect the dynamics of protein digestion, gastric emptying and appearance of amino acids (AA) in the blood, but this remains to be confirmed in vivo. Objective: This study aimed to compare gastrointestinal digestion between two milks with the same total calcium content but different casein mineralization (CM). Design: Fifteen males (age 30.9 ± 13.8 years, BMI 22.5 ± 2.2 kg m-2) participated in this randomized cross-over study with two treatments. Participants underwent gastric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at the baseline and every 10 min up to 90 min after consumption of 600 ml milk with low or high CM. Blood samples were taken at the baseline and up to 5 hours postprandially. Primary outcomes were postprandial plasma AA concentrations and gastric emptying rate. Secondary outcomes were postprandial glucose and insulin levels, gastric coagulation as estimated by image texture metrics, and appetite ratings. Results: Gastric content volume over time was similar for both treatments. However, gastric content image analysis suggested that the liquid fraction emptied quicker in the high CM milk, while the coagulum emptied slower. Relative to high CM, low CM showed earlier appearance of AAs that are more dominant in casein, such as proline (MD 4.18 μmol L-1, 95% CI [2.38-5.98], p < 0.001), while there was no difference in appearance of AAs that are more dominant in whey protein, such as leucine. The image texture metrics homogeneity and busyness differed significantly between treatments (MD 0.007, 95% CI [0.001, 0.012], p = 0.022; MD 0.005, 95% CI [0.001, 0.010], p = 0.012) likely because of a reduced coagulation in the low CM milk. Conclusions: Mineral composition of milk can influence postprandial serum AA kinetics, likely due to differences in coagulation dynamics. The clinical trial registry number is NL8959 (https://clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise J M van Eijnatten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Julia J M Roelofs
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Guido Camps
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Thom Huppertz
- Food Quality and Design group, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Tim T Lambers
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A M Smeets
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Borgmann D, Fenselau H. Vagal pathways for systemic regulation of glucose metabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:244-252. [PMID: 37500301 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining blood glucose at an appropriate physiological level requires precise coordination of multiple organs and tissues. The vagus nerve bidirectionally connects the central nervous system with peripheral organs crucial to glucose mobilization, nutrient storage, and food absorption, thereby presenting a key pathway for the central control of blood glucose levels. However, the precise mechanisms by which vagal populations that target discrete tissues participate in glucoregulation are much less clear. Here we review recent advances unraveling the cellular identity, neuroanatomical organization, and functional contributions of both vagal efferents and vagal afferents in the control of systemic glucose metabolism. We focus on their involvement in relaying glucoregulatory cues from the brain to peripheral tissues, particularly the pancreatic islet, and by sensing and transmitting incoming signals from ingested food to the brain. These recent findings - largely driven by advances in viral approaches, RNA sequencing, and cell-type selective manipulations and tracings - have begun to clarify the precise vagal neuron populations involved in the central coordination of glucose levels, and raise interesting new possibilities for the treatment of glucose metabolism disorders such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diba Borgmann
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Fenselau
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, Cologne 50931, Germany.
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Feng L, Chen C, Xiong X, Wang X, Li X, Kuang Q, Wei X, Gao L, Niu X, Li Q, Yang J, Li L, Luo P. PS-MPs promotes the progression of inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy through NLRP3/Caspase-1 and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 273:116102. [PMID: 38382346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Understanding the progressive etiology of DN is critical for the development of effective health policies and interventions. Recent research indicated that polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) contaminate our diets and accumulate in various organs, including the liver, kidneys, and muscles. METHODS In this study, ten-week-old db/db mice and db/m mice were fed. Besides, db/db mice were divided into two groups: PS-MPs group (oral administration of 0.5 µm PS-MPs) and an H2O group, and they were fed for three months. A type II diabetes model was established using db/db mice to investigate the effects of PS-MPs on body weight, blood glucose level, renal function, and renal fibrosis. RESULTS The results demonstrated that PS-MPs significantly exacerbated various biochemical indicators of renal tissue damage, including fasting blood glucose, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and blood uric acid. Additionally, PS-MPs worsened the pathological alterations and degree of fibrosis in renal tissue. An increased oxidative stress state and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were identified. Furthermore, PS-MPs significantly enhanced renal fibrosis by inhibiting the transition from epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells, specifically through the inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. The expression levels of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), Caspase-1, and cleaved Caspase-1, which are inflammasome proteins, were significantly elevated in the PS-MPs group. CONCLUSION The findings suggested that PS-MPs could aggravate kidney injury and renal fibrosis in db/db mice by promoting NLRP3/Caspase-1 and TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathways. These findings had implications for elucidating the role of PS-MPs in DN progression, underscoring the necessity for additional research and public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Feng
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xi Xiong
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qihui Kuang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Likun Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Xuan Niu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Lili Li
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Pengcheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Third Hospital, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Anfinsen ÅM, Johannesen CO, Myklebust VH, Rosendahl-Riise H, McCann A, Nygård OK, Dierkes J, Lysne V. Time-resolved concentrations of serum amino acids, one-carbon metabolites and B-vitamin biomarkers during the postprandial and fasting state: the Postprandial Metabolism in Healthy Young Adults (PoMet) Study. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:786-800. [PMID: 37886826 PMCID: PMC10864995 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics has been utilised in epidemiological studies to investigate biomarkers of nutritional status and metabolism in relation to non-communicable diseases. However, little is known about the effect of prandial status on several biomarker concentrations. Therefore, the aim of this intervention study was to investigate the effect of a standardised breakfast meal followed by food abstinence for 24 h on serum concentrations of amino acids, one-carbon metabolites and B-vitamin biomarkers. Thirty-four healthy subjects (eighteen males and sixteen females) aged 20-30 years were served a breakfast meal (∼500 kcal) after which they consumed only water for 24 h. Blood samples were drawn before and at thirteen standardised timepoints after the meal. Circulating concentrations of most amino acids and metabolites linked to one-carbon metabolism peaked within the first 3 h after the meal. The branched-chain amino acids steadily increased from 6 or 8 hours after the meal, while proline decreased in the same period. Homocysteine and cysteine concentrations immediately decreased after the meal but steadily increased from 3 and 4 hours until 24 h. FMN and riboflavin fluctuated immediately after the meal but increased from 6 h, while folate increased immediately after the meal and remained elevated during the 24 h. Our findings indicate that accurate reporting of time since last meal is crucial when investigating concentrations of certain amino acids and one-carbon metabolites. Our results suggest a need for caution when interpretating studies, which utilise such biomarkers, but do not strictly control for time since the last meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åslaug Matre Anfinsen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christina Osland Johannesen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vilde Haugen Myklebust
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne Rosendahl-Riise
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ottar Kjell Nygård
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jutta Dierkes
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vegard Lysne
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Zilstorff DB, Richter MM, Hannibal J, Jørgensen HL, Sennels HP, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ. Secretion of glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP may be affected by circadian rhythm in healthy males. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38481208 PMCID: PMC10938734 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon is secreted from pancreatic alpha cells in response to low blood glucose and increases hepatic glucose production. Furthermore, glucagon enhances hepatic protein and lipid metabolism during a mixed meal. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are secreted from gut endocrine cells during meals and control glucose homeostasis by potentiating insulin secretion and inhibiting food intake. Both glucose homeostasis and food intake have been reported to be affected by circadian rhythms and vice versa. In this study, we investigated whether the secretion of glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP was affected by circadian rhythms. METHODS A total of 24 healthy men with regular sleep schedules were examined for 24 h at the hospital ward with 15 h of wakefulness and 9 h of sleep. Food intake was standardized, and blood samples were obtained every third hour. Plasma concentrations of glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP were measured, and data were analyzed by rhythmometric statistical methods. Available data on plasma glucose and plasma C-peptide were also included. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of glucagon, GLP-1, GIP, C-peptide and glucose fluctuated with a diurnal 24-h rhythm, with the highest levels during the day and the lowest levels during the night: glucagon (p < 0.0001, peak time 18:26 h), GLP-1 (p < 0.0001, peak time 17:28 h), GIP (p < 0.0001, peak time 18:01 h), C-peptide (p < 0.0001, peak time 17.59 h), and glucose (p < 0.0001, peak time 23:26 h). As expected, we found significant correlations between plasma concentrations of C-peptide and GLP-1 and GIP but did not find correlations between glucose concentrations and concentrations of glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that under meal conditions that are similar to that of many free-living individuals, plasma concentrations of glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP were observed to be higher during daytime and evening than overnight. These findings underpin disturbed circadian rhythm as a potential risk factor for diabetes and obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06166368. Registered 12 December 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorte B Zilstorff
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael M Richter
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- NNF Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Hannibal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik L Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Henriette P Sennels
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- NNF Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Corporeau C, Le Foll C, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Le Stunff H, Mithieux G, Magnan C, Delarue J. Fish oil minimises feed intake and improves insulin sensitivity in Zucker fa/fa rats. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:749-761. [PMID: 37877265 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA) prevent, in rodents, insulin resistance (IR) induced by a high-fat and/or fructose diet but not IR induced by glucocorticoids. In humans, contrasting effects have also been reported. We investigated their effects on insulin sensitivity, feed intake (FI) and body weight gain in genetically insulin resistant male obese (fa/fa) Zucker (ZO) rats during the development of obesity. ZO rats were fed a diet supplemented with 7 % fish oil (FO) + 1 % corn oil (CO) (wt/wt) (ZOFO), while the control group was fed a diet containing 8 % fat from CO (wt/wt) (ZOCO). Male lean Zucker (ZL) rats fed either FO (ZLFO) or CO (ZLCO) diet were used as controls. FO was a marine-derived TAG oil containing EPA 90 mg/g + DHA 430 mg/g. During an oral glucose tolerance test, glucose tolerance remained unaltered by FO while insulin response was reduced in ZOFO only. Liver insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp + 2 deoxyglucose) was improved in ZOFO rats, linked to changes in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression, activity and glucose-6-phosphatase activity. FI in response to intra-carotid insulin/glucose infusion was decreased similarly in ZOFO and ZOCO. Hypothalamic ceramides levels were lower in ZOFO than in ZOCO. Our study demonstrates that LC n-3 PUFA can minimise weight gain, possibly by alleviating hypothalamic lipotoxicity, and liver IR in genetically obese Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Corporeau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, Plouzané, France
- Present address: Ifremer, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christelle Le Foll
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brest, Plouzané, France
- Present address: Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
- Present address: Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Saclay-CNRS UMR 9197, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Inserm, U855, Lyon, F-69008, France
- University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
- University of Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Delarue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, ER7479 SPURBO, Hospital University, Faculty of Medicine University of Brest, Plouzane, France
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Yuan J, Wang Y, Gao J, Zhang X, Xing J. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Alleviates Inflammatory Response and Insulin Resistance in Pregnant Mice With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Physiol Res 2024; 73:57-68. [PMID: 38466005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on insulin resistance in pregnant mice with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and underlying mechanism. C57BL/6 mice fed with a high-fat diet for 4 weeks and the newly gestated were selected and injected with streptozotocin for GDM modeling. We demonstrated that the fasting insulin levels (FINS) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) in serum and blood glucose level were significantly higher in GDM group than in normal control (NC) group. The low or high dose of EPA intervention reduced these levels, and the effect of high dose intervention was more significant. The area under the curve in GDM group was higher than that of NC group, and then gradually decreased after low or high dose of EPA treatment. The serum levels of TC, TG and LDL were increased in GDM group, while decreased in EPA group. GDM induced down-regulation of HDL level, and the low or high dose of EPA gradually increased this level. The levels of p-AKT2Ser, p-IRS-1Tyr, GLUT4, and ratios of pIRS-1Tyr/IRS-1 and pAKT2Ser/AKT2 in gastrocnemius muscle were reduced in GDM group, while low or high dose of EPA progressively increased these alterations. GDM enhanced TLR4, NF-kappaB p65, IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in placental tissues, and these expressions were declined at different dose of EPA, and the decrease was greater at high dose. We concluded that EPA receded the release of inflammatory factors in the placental tissues by inhibiting the activation of TLR4 signaling, thereby alleviating the IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Lubei District, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang Y, Lai X. Clinical features of early-onset type 2 diabetes and its association with triglyceride glucose-body mass index: a cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1356942. [PMID: 38529395 PMCID: PMC10962922 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1356942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The incidence of early-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased significantly, with insulin resistance (IR) and obesity being the main drivers of its onset. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of early-onset T2D and its association with triglyceride glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI), an emerging surrogate of IR. Methods A total of 1000 adults newly diagnosed with T2D were enrolled and divided into early-onset T2D (18~40 years, N=500) and late-onset T2D groups (≥40 years, N=500). Independent t and chi-squared tests were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups, and logistic regression analysis, trend tests, restricted cubic spline curves (RCSs), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the relationship between TyG-BMI and early-onset T2D. Results Patients with early-onset T2D were more likely to have a higher body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum uric acid (SUA), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), and TyG-BMI (P < 0.05). A higher TyG-BMI was associated with an increased risk of early-onset T2D (P < 0.001). The RCSs showed a nonlinear relationship between TyG-BMI and early-onset T2D, and the slope of the curve increased with an increase in TyG-BMI (P for nonlinearity < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, additive interactions between TyG-BMI and the risk of early-onset T2D were observed for sex, family history of diabetes, BMI, fatty liver, and hypertension (P < 0.001). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of TyG-BMI was 0.6781, which was larger than its main components (TyG, BMI, FPG, TG). The best cutoff value was 254.865, the sensitivity was 74.6%, and the specificity was 53.6%. Conclusion Patients with early-onset T2D are characterized by severe IR, metabolic disorders, and being overweight/obese and an increase in TyG-BMI is independently associated with an increased risk of early-onset T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyang Lai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Gamal Sherif S, Tarek M, Gamal Sabry Y, Hassan Abou Ghalia A. Effect of apigenin on dynamin-related protein 1 in type 1 diabetic rats with cardiovascular complications. Gene 2024; 898:148107. [PMID: 38141690 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular complications cause increased mortality rates among diabetics. The molecular mechanisms of aberrant mitochondrial dynamics in diabetes mellitus (DM) are not fully understood. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is thought to be a major regulator of mitochondrial fission. There is lack of studies that examined the relationship between apigenin and Drp1 expression in DM. Thus, the current study aimed to explore the expression of Drp1 in diabetic rats with cardiovascular complications, as well as to appraise the role of apigenin in modulating this expression. METHODS Twenty-eight adult male albino Wister rats were randomly and equally allocated into four groups: naive, streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic control and two apigenin-injected diabetic groups (early and late). Body weight, heart weight, blood pressure and ECG were recorded. Evaluation of blood glucose level, lipid profile and cardiac functions were measured. Determination of Drp1 mRNA expression, and histological examination of cardiac tissues from the four groups were performed. RESULTS Diabetic control rats developed decrease of body weight, increase of blood pressure, deterioration of the normal ECG pattern and upregulation of Drp1 mRNA expression in cardiac tissues. There was a significant correlation between the relative expression of Drp1 and all examined parameters. Apigenin-injection improved fasting blood glucose, lipid profile and cardiac function indicators (i.e., ECG parameters, CK-MB and troponin) as well as the cardiac histological structure. The decrease of Drp1 expression was more evident with early than with late apigenin-injection, however, without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Increased level of Drp1 expression in diabetic rats may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular complications. The changes that occurred in response to apigenin injection highlight its potential ameliorative effect on the diabetic cardiovascular complications and pave the route for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gamal Sherif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Tarek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
| | | | - Azza Hassan Abou Ghalia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
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Yang H, Kuang M, Qiu J, He S, Yu C, Sheng G, Zou Y. Relative importance of triglyceride glucose index combined with body mass index in predicting recovery from prediabetic state to normal fasting glucose: a cohort analysis based on a Chinese physical examination population. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:71. [PMID: 38459527 PMCID: PMC10921811 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02060-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes, and numerous studies have shown that the body mass index (BMI) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index play significant roles in risk prediction for blood glucose metabolism. This study aims to evaluate the relative importance of BMI combination with TyG index (TyG-BMI) in predicting the recovery from prediabetic status to normal blood glucose levels. METHODS A total of 25,397 prediabetic subjects recruited from 32 regions across China. Normal fasting glucose (NFG), prediabetes, and diabetes were defined referring to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. After normalizing the independent variables, the impact of TyG-BMI on the recovery or progression of prediabetes was analyzed through the Cox regression models. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized to visualize and compare the predictive value of TyG-BMI and its constituent components in prediabetes recovery/progression. RESULTS During the average observation period of 2.96 years, 10,305 individuals (40.58%) remained in the prediabetic state, 11,278 individuals (44.41%) recovered to NFG, and 3,814 individuals (15.02%) progressed to diabetes. The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that TyG-BMI was negatively associated with recovery from prediabetes to NFG and positively associated with progression from prediabetes to diabetes. Further ROC analysis revealed that TyG-BMI had higher impact and predictive value in predicting prediabetes recovering to NFG or progressing to diabetes in comparison to the TyG index and BMI. Specifically, the TyG-BMI threshold for predicting prediabetes recovery was 214.68, while the threshold for predicting prediabetes progression was 220.27. Additionally, there were significant differences in the relationship of TyG-BMI with prediabetes recovering to NFG or progressing to diabetes within age subgroups. In summary, TyG-BMI is more suitable for assessing prediabetes recovery or progression in younger populations (< 45 years old). CONCLUSIONS This study, for the first time, has revealed the significant impact and predictive value of the TyG index in combination with BMI on the recovery from prediabetic status to normal blood glucose levels. From the perspective of prediabetes intervention, maintaining TyG-BMI within the threshold of 214.68 holds crucial significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Maobin Kuang
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiajun Qiu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shiming He
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Changhui Yu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Guotai Sheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Geriatric Hospital, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Yang Zou
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Wong THT, Mo JMY, Zhou M, Zhao JV, Schooling CM, He B, Luo S, Au Yeung SL. A two-sample Mendelian randomization study explores metabolic profiling of different glycemic traits. Commun Biol 2024; 7:293. [PMID: 38459184 PMCID: PMC10923832 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed the causal relation of four glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes liability with 167 metabolites using Mendelian randomization with various sensitivity analyses and a reverse Mendelian randomization analysis. We extracted instruments for fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, fasting insulin, and glycated hemoglobin from the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (n = 200,622), and those for type 2 diabetes liability from a meta-analysis of multiple cohorts (148,726 cases, 965,732 controls) in Europeans. Outcome data were from summary statistics of 167 metabolites from the UK Biobank (n = 115,078). Fasting glucose and 2-h glucose were not associated with any metabolite. Higher glycated hemoglobin was associated with higher free cholesterol in small low-density lipoprotein. Type 2 diabetes liability and fasting insulin were inversely associated with apolipoprotein A1, total cholines, lipoprotein subfractions in high-density-lipoprotein and intermediate-density lipoproteins, and positively associated with aromatic amino acids. These findings indicate hyperglycemia-independent patterns and highlight the role of insulin in type 2 diabetes development. Further studies should evaluate these glycemic traits in type 2 diabetes diagnosis and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy H T Wong
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacky M Y Mo
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mingqi Zhou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jie V Zhao
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baoting He
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shan Luo
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ryoo SW, Anita NZ, Perlman G, Xiong LY, Wu CY, Wood M, Rabin JS, Mitchell J, Swardfager W. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and cognition in normoglycemia, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 161:106946. [PMID: 38198904 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and cognition has been studied in healthy individuals, but not extensively with regards to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this retrospective observational study, we investigated relationships of IGF-1 with memory and executive function across people with normoglycemia, prediabetes, and T2DM. METHODS Data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study were used. Episodic memory and executive function were assessed using the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone approximately 21.42 ± 12.10 months prior to measuring IGF-1 levels from a fasting blood sample. Normoglycemia was identified as individuals without a physician diagnosis of diabetes and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤5.6%. Prediabetes was identified as those without a physician diagnosis of diabetes and HbA1c between 5.7%-6.4%. T2DM was identified as anyone with a physician diagnosis of diabetes, or HbA1c ≥6.5%, or anyone using an oral hypoglycemic medication. The associations were assessed using linear regressions controlling for age, sex, education, body mass index, C-reactive protein, HbA1c or homeostatic model of insulin resistance, MIDUS wave, exercise, smoking status, sleep quality, alcohol intake, oral hypoglycemic use, and insulin use. RESULTS The study included 1400 participants, which consisted of 583 normoglycemic (48.4% female, mean age 51.0 ± 12.2 years), 512 prediabetes (58.4% female, mean age 57.3 ± 11.8 years), and 305 T2DM participants (53.8% female, mean age 57.6 ± 11.5 years). Peripheral IGF-1 concentrations were lower (F2,1397 = 28.29, p < 0.001) in people with prediabetes or T2DM, vs. normoglycemia. Participants with prediabetes or T2DM had lower episodic memory (F2,1397 = 9.21, p < 0.001) and executive function (F2,1397 = 20.29, p < 0.001) composite z-scores than people with normoglycemia. Higher IGF-1 concentrations were associated with better executive performance in individuals with prediabetes (β = 0.115 [0.028, 0.202], p = 0.010), but not in individuals with normoglycemia or T2DM. An interaction between IGF-1 and sex in predicting executive function was observed in the prediabetes group (β = -0.344, p = 0.042), where the relationship was weaker in females (β = 0.106 [-0.012, 0.224], p = 0.077) than males (β = 0.251 [0.123, 0.380], p < 0.001). No associations were seen between IGF-1 and memory. CONCLUSION The results suggest that peripheral IGF-1 concentrations may be related to executive function, and that the relationship may be sex-specific and dependent on diabetes status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Won Ryoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology- University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto ON M4N 3M5, Canada; University Health Network Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - Rumsey Centre Cardiac Rehabilitation, 347 Rumsey Rd, East York ON M4G 2V6, Canada
| | - Natasha Z Anita
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology- University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto ON M4N 3M5, Canada; University Health Network Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - Rumsey Centre Cardiac Rehabilitation, 347 Rumsey Rd, East York ON M4G 2V6, Canada
| | - George Perlman
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Lisa Y Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology- University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Che-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology- University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Madeline Wood
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute - University of Toronto, Rehabilitation Sciences Building, 500 University Avenue, Suite 160, Toronto ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute - University of Toronto, Rehabilitation Sciences Building, 500 University Avenue, Suite 160, Toronto ON M5G 1V7, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine - University of Toronto, C. David Naylor Building, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Third Floor, Toronto ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jane Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology- University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology- University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle Room 4207, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto ON M4N 3M5, Canada; University Health Network Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - Rumsey Centre Cardiac Rehabilitation, 347 Rumsey Rd, East York ON M4G 2V6, Canada.
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Basset-Sagarminaga J, van de Weijer T, Iozzo P, Schrauwen P, Schrauwen-Hinderling V. Advances and challenges in measuring hepatic glucose uptake with FDG PET: implications for diabetes research. Diabetologia 2024; 67:407-419. [PMID: 38099962 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The liver plays a crucial role in the control of glucose homeostasis and is therefore of great interest in the investigation of the development of type 2 diabetes. Hepatic glucose uptake (HGU) can be measured through positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the tracer [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). HGU is dependent on many variables (e.g. plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations), and the metabolic state for HGU assessment should be chosen with care and coherence with the study question. In addition, as HGU is influenced by many factors, protocols and measurement conditions need to be standardised for reproducible results. This review provides insights into the protocols that are available for the measurement of HGU by FDG PET and discusses the current state of knowledge of HGU and its impairment in type 2 diabetes. Overall, a scanning modality that allows for the measurement of detailed kinetic information and influx rates (dynamic imaging) may be preferable to static imaging. The combination of FDG PET and insulin stimulation is crucial to measure tissue-specific insulin sensitivity. While the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp allows for standardised measurements under controlled blood glucose levels, some research questions might require a more physiological approach, such as oral glucose loading, with both advantages and complexities relating to fluctuations in blood glucose and insulin levels. The available approaches to address HGU hold great potential but await more systematic exploitation to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases. Current findings from the investigation of HGU by FDG PET highlight the complex interplay between insulin resistance, hepatic glucose metabolism, NEFA levels and intrahepatic lipid accumulation in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for improving HGU in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Basset-Sagarminaga
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tineke van de Weijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Estes SK, Shiota C, O'Brien TP, Printz RL, Shiota M. The impact of glucagon to support postabsorptive glucose flux and glycemia in healthy rats and its attenuation in male Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E308-E325. [PMID: 38265288 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00192.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Hyperglucagonemia is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), yet the role of elevated plasma glucagon (P-GCG) to promote excessive postabsorptive glucose production and contribute to hyperglycemia in patients with this disease remains debatable. We investigated the acute action of P-GCG to safeguard/support postabsorptive endogenous glucose production (EGP) and euglycemia in healthy Zucker control lean (ZCL) rats. Using male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats that exhibit the typical metabolic disorders of human T2DM, such as excessive EGP, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglucagonemia, we examined the ability of hyperglucagonemia to promote greater rates of postabsorptive EGP and hyperglycemia. Euglycemic or hyperglycemic basal insulin (INS-BC) and glucagon (GCG-BC) clamps were performed in the absence or during an acute setting of glucagon deficiency (GCG-DF, ∼10% of basal), either alone or in combination with insulin deficiency (INS-DF, ∼10% of basal). Glucose appearance, disappearance, and cycling rates were measured using [2-3H] and [3-3H]-glucose. In ZCL rats, GCG-DF reduced the levels of hepatic cyclic AMP, EGP, and plasma glucose (PG) by 50%, 32%, and 50%, respectively. EGP fell in the presence GCG-DF and INS-BC, but under GCG-DF and INS-DF, EGP and PG increased two- and threefold, respectively. GCG-DF revealed the hyperglucagonemia present in ZDF rats lacked the ability to regulate hepatic intracellular cyclic AMP levels and glucose flux, since EGP and PG levels fell by only 10%. We conclude that the liver in T2DM suffers from resistance to all three major regulatory factors, glucagon, insulin, and glucose, thus leading to a loss of metabolic flexibility.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In postabsorptive state, basal plasma insulin (P-INS) and plasma glucose (PG) act dominantly to increase hepatic glucose cycling and reduce endogenous glucose production (EGP) and PG in healthy rats, which is only counteracted by the acute action of basal plasma glucagon (P-GCG) to support EGP and euglycemia. Hyperglucagonemia, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) present in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, is not the primary mediator of hyperglycemia and high EGP as commonly thought; instead, the liver is resistant to glucagon as well as insulin and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanea K Estes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Chiyo Shiota
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Tracy P O'Brien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Richard L Printz
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Masakazu Shiota
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Wang H, Ruan S, Wu Z, Yan Q, Chen Y, Cui J, Zhang Z, Huang S, Hou B, Zhang C. Prognostic significance of glucose-lipid metabolic index in pancreatic cancer patients with diabetes mellitus. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7108. [PMID: 38523554 PMCID: PMC10961598 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) is higher in diabetic patients due to disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism caused by insulin resistance (IR). However, the effect of diabetes as well as IR on the prognosis of PC patients remains inconclusive. Our study aims to assess the impact of IR on the prognosis of PC patients with diabetes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 172 PC patients with diabetes in our institute from 2015 to 2021. Prognostic assessment was performed using univariate/multifactorial analysis and survival analysis. The predictive efficacy of metabolic indices was compared using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS One hundred twenty-one of 172 patients died during follow-up, with a median follow-up of 477 days and a median overall survival (OS) of 270 days. Survival analysis showed a significant difference in OS by IR related parameters, which were triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), triglyceride-glucose index-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c). The ROC curve indicated that TyG, TyG-BMI, and TG/HDL-c had prognostic efficacy for PC with diabetes. We next optimized TyG-BMI and obtained a new parameter, namely glucose-lipid metabolism index (GLMI), and the patients were classified into GLMI low group and high group based on the calculated cutoff value. The GLMI high group had higher TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG/HDL-c, BMI, TG, total cholesterol (TC), TC/HDL-c, fasting plasma glucose, CA199, and more advanced tumor stage compared to low group. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that GLMI was an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, the patients of GLMI high group had worse OS compared to low group and the ROC curves showed GLMI had better predictive ability than TyG and TyG-BMI. CONCLUSIONS IR is associated with the outcome of PC patients with diabetes and higher level of IR indicates worse prognosis. GLMI has a good predictive value for PC with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryWeihai Central Hospital, Qingdao UniversityWeihaiChina
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shiye Ruan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zelong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qian Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Medicine South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Yubin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Medicine South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinwei Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Medicine South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhongyan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shanzhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Medicine South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Baohua Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Medicine South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
- Department of General SurgeryHeyuan People's HospitalHeyuanChina
| | - Chuanzhao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Medicine South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
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Abdellatif A, Bahria K, Slama N, Oukrif D, Shalaby A, Birkmayer G, Oumouna M, Benachour K. NADH intraperitoneal injection prevents massive pancreatic beta cell destruction in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:239-253. [PMID: 37943325 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, revealing a decrease in insulin efficiency. The sustained glucotoxic pancreatic microenvironment increases reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in chronic oxidative stress responsible for massive DNA damage. This triggers PARP-1 activation with both NAD+ and ATP depletion, affecting drastically pancreatic beta cells' energy storage and leading to their dysfunction and death. The aim of the present study is to highlight the main histological changes observed in pancreatic islets pre-treated with a unique NADH intraperitoneal injection in a streptozotocin-(STZ)-induced diabetes model. In order to adjust NADH doses, a preliminary study with three different doses, 500 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg, respectively, was conducted. Subsequently, and on the basis of the results of the aforementioned study, Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: non-diabetic control group, diabetics (STZ 45 mg/kg), NADH-treated group (150 mg/kg) 15 min before STZ administration, and NADH-treated group (150 mg/kg) 15 min after STZ administration. The effect of NADH was assessed by blood glucose level, TUNEL staining, histo-morphological analysis, and immunohistochemistry. The optimum protective dose of NADH was 150 mg/kg. NADH effectively decreased hyperglycemia and reduced diabetes induced by STZ. Histologically, NADH pre-treatment revealed a decrease in beta cell death favoring apoptosis over necrosis and therefore preventing inflammation with further beta cell destruction. Our data clearly demonstrate that NADH prior or post-treatment could effectively prevent the deleterious loss of beta cell mass in STZ-induced diabetes in rats and preserve the normal pancreatic islet's function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Abdellatif
- Laboratory of Experimental Biology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Dr Yahia Fares University, Medea, Algeria
| | - Karima Bahria
- Laboratory of Experimental Biology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Dr Yahia Fares University, Medea, Algeria
| | - Nada Slama
- Laboratory of Experimental Biology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Dr Yahia Fares University, Medea, Algeria
| | - Dahmane Oukrif
- Pathology Department, University College London, London, UK
| | - Asem Shalaby
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - George Birkmayer
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Graz and Birkmayer Laboratories, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mustapha Oumouna
- Laboratory of Experimental Biology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Dr Yahia Fares University, Medea, Algeria
| | - Karine Benachour
- Laboratory of Experimental Biology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Dr Yahia Fares University, Medea, Algeria.
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Kindlovits R, Sousa AC, Viana JL, Milheiro J, Marques F, Teixeira VH. Combined low-carbohydrate diet and long-term exercise in hypoxia in type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial protocol to assess glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors and body composition. Nutr Health 2024; 30:5-13. [PMID: 37499218 PMCID: PMC10924702 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231190663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality associated with diabetes, which is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Low-carbohydrate diet has gained popularity as an intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, acting to improve glycemic profile and serum lipids. In its turn, exercise in hypoxia induces specific adaptations, mostly modulated via hypoxia-induced transcription factor signaling cascade, which increases with exposure to altitude, and promotes angiogenesis, glycogen supply, glucose tolerance, and raises GLUT-4 expression. Aim: Given that hyperglycemia decreases HIF-1α and it is better controlled when following a low-carbohydrate diet, this study aims to examine the hypothesis that a combination of both low-carbohydrate diet and chronic exercise in hypoxia in type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with improved glycemic control and cardiovascular parameters, whose protocol is described. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 48) will be recruited and randomized into one of the three groups: (a) Control group: Control diet (low-fat and moderate-carbohydrate diet) + exercise in normoxia; (2) exercise in hypoxia group: Control diet + exercise in hypoxia; (3) intervention group: Low-carbohydrate diet (low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet) + exercise in hypoxia. Before and after 8 weeks of interventions, cardiopulmonary tests (Bruce protocol), body composition and blood pressure will be evaluated. Blood samples will be collected to measure hypoxia-induced transcription factor, C-reactive protein, glycemic and lipid profiles. Summary: This will be the first trial to examine the isolated and combined effect of chronic exercise in hypoxia and low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This trial will help to fill a significant research gap, guide future research and contribute to the combined nutrition and exercise approach to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Kindlovits
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, FCNAUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana C Sousa
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - João L Viana
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | | | - Franklim Marques
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, FFUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor H Teixeira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, FCNAUP, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, CIAFEL - Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, FADEUP, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, ITR, Porto, Portugal
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50
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Abushamat LA, Schauer IE, Low Wang CC, Mitchell S, Herlache L, Bridenstine M, Durbin R, Snell-Bergeon JK, Regensteiner JG, Reusch JE. Rosiglitazone improves insulin resistance but does not improve exercise capacity in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance: A randomized clinical study. J Investig Med 2024; 72:294-304. [PMID: 38148342 DOI: 10.1177/10815589231225183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Dysmetabolic states, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), characterized by insulin resistance (IR), are associated with fatty liver, increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and decreased functional exercise capacity (FEC). Rosiglitazone (RO) improves exercise capacity and IR in T2D. However, the effects of RO on FEC and other markers of CVD risk in prediabetes are unknown. We hypothesized that insulin sensitization with RO would improve exercise capacity and markers of CVD risk in participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Exercise performance (peak oxygen consumption and oxygen uptake kinetics), IR (homeostasis model assessment of IR and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index), and surrogate cardiovascular endpoints (coronary artery calcium (CAC) volume and density and C-reactive protein (CRP)) were measured in participants with IGT after 12 and 18 months of RO or placebo (PL). RO did not significantly improve exercise capacity. Glycemic measures and IR were significantly lower in people on RO compared to PL at 18 months. CAC volume progression was not different between PL and RO groups. RO did not improve exercise capacity during an 18-month intervention despite improved IR and glycemia in people with IGT. Future studies should explore why effects on FEC with RO occur in T2D but not IGT. Understanding these questions may help in targeting therapeutic approaches in T2D and IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla A Abushamat
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Irene E Schauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Endocrine Section, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Ludeman Family Center for Women's Health Research, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cecilia C Low Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stacey Mitchell
- Endocrine Section, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Denver Endocrinology, Diabetes and Thyroid Center, Englewood, CO, USA
| | - Leah Herlache
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Roy Durbin
- Arbor Family Medicine PC, Westminster, CO, USA
| | - Janet K Snell-Bergeon
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Judith G Regensteiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Ludeman Family Center for Women's Health Research, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jane Eb Reusch
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Endocrine Section, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Ludeman Family Center for Women's Health Research, Aurora, CO, USA
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