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Li X, Feng R, Luo P, Zhang Y, Lu L. Synergistic effects of putative Ca 2+-binding sites of calmodulin in fungal development, temperature stress and virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus. Virulence 2024; 15:2290757. [PMID: 38085844 PMCID: PMC10761034 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2290757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In pathogenic fungi, calcium-calmodulin-dependent serine-threonine-specific phosphatase calcineurin is involved in morphogenesis and virulence. Therefore, calcineurin and its tightly related protein complexes are attractive antifungal drug targets. However, there is limited knowledge available on the relationship between in vivo Ca2+-binding sites of calmodulin (CaM) and its functions in regulating stress responses, morphogenesis, and pathogenesis. In the current study, we demonstrated that calmodulin is required for hyphal growth, conidiation, and virulence in the human fungal pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus. Site-directed mutations of calmodulin revealed that a single Ca2+-binding site mutation had no significant effect on A. fumigatus hyphal development, but multiple Ca2+-binding site mutations exhibited synergistic effects, especially when cultured at 42 °C, indicating that calmodulin function in response to temperature stress depends on its Ca2+-binding sites. Western blotting implied that mutations in Ca2+-binding sites caused highly degraded calmodulin fragments, suggesting that the loss of Ca2+-binding sites results in reduced protein stability. Moreover, normal intracellular calcium homeostasis and the nuclear translocation of the transcriptional factor CrzA are dependent on Ca2+-binding sites of AfCaM, demonstrating that Ca2+-binding sites of calmodulin are required for calcium signalling and its major transcription factor CrzA. Importantly, in situ mutations for four Ca2+-binding sites of calmodulin resulted in an almost complete loss of virulence in the Galleria mellonella wax moth model. This study shed more light on the functional characterization of putative calcium-binding sites of calmodulin in the morphogenesis and virulence of A. fumigatus, which enhances our understanding of calmodulin biological functions in cells of opportunistic fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoyun Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pan Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Kim EY, Kim MH, Yun SD, Lee SK, Kim EJ, Kim JH, Oh SA, Kim YJ, Jung KH, Park SK. Redundant role of OsCNGC4 and OsCNGC5 encoding cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in rice pollen germination and tube growth. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 208:108522. [PMID: 38493663 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In staple crops, such as rice (Oryza sativa L.), pollen plays a crucial role in seed production. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying rice pollen germination and tube growth remain underexplored. Notably, we recently uncovered the redundant expression and mutual interaction of two rice genes encoding cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs), OsCNGC4 and OsCNGC5, in mature pollen. Building on these findings, the current study focused on clarifying the functional roles of these two genes in pollen germination and tube growth. To overcome functional redundancy, we produced gene-edited rice plants with mutations in both genes using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. The resulting homozygous OsCNGC4 and OsCNGC5 gene-edited mutants (oscngc4/5) exhibited significantly lower pollen germination rates than the wild type (WT), along with severely reduced fertility. Transcriptome analysis of the double oscngc4/5 mutant revealed downregulation of genes related to receptor kinases, transporters, and cell wall metabolism. To identify the direct regulators of OsCNGC4, which form a heterodimer with OsCNGC5, we screened a yeast two-hybrid library containing rice cDNAs from mature anthers. Subsequently, we identified two calmodulin isoforms (CaM1-1 and CaM1-2), NETWORKED 2 A (NET2A), and proline-rich extension-like receptor kinase 13 (PERK13) proteins as interactors of OsCNGC4, suggesting its roles in regulating Ca2+ channel activity and F-actin organization. Overall, our results suggest that OsCNGC4 and OsCNGC5 may play critical roles in pollen germination and elongation by regulating the Ca2+ gradient in growing pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Genomics Division, Department of Agricultural Bio-Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wansan-gu, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Dae Yun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyoung Lee
- Graduate School of Green Bio-Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Green Bio-Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Aeong Oh
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Life Science and Environmental Biochemistry, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green Bio-Science & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soon Ki Park
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Hau B, Symonds K, Teresinski H, Janssen A, Duff L, Smith M, Benidickson K, Plaxton W, Snedden WA. Arabidopsis Calmodulin-like Proteins CML13 and CML14 Interact with Calmodulin-Binding Transcriptional Activators and Function in Salinity Stress Response. Plant Cell Physiol 2024; 65:282-300. [PMID: 38036467 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells use calcium ions (Ca2+) as second messengers, particularly in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. These signals are detected by Ca2+ sensor proteins, such as calmodulin (CaM), which regulate the downstream target proteins. Plants also possess many CaM-like proteins (CMLs), most of which remain unstudied. We recently demonstrated that Arabidopsis CML13 and CML14 interact with proteins containing isoleucine/glutamine (IQ) domains, including CaM-binding transcriptional activators (CAMTAs). Here, we show that CaM, CML13 and CML14 bind all six members of the Arabidopsis CAMTA family. Using a combination of in planta and in vitro protein-interaction assays, we tested 11 members of the CaM/CML family and demonstrated that only CaM, CML13 and CML14 bind to CAMTA IQ domains. CaM, CML13 and CML14 showed Ca2+-independent binding to the IQ region of CAMTA6 and CAMTA3, and CAMTA6 in vitro exhibited some specificity toward individual IQ domains within CAMTA6 in split-luciferase in planta assays. We show that cml13 mutants exhibited enhanced salinity tolerance during germination compared to wild-type plants, a phenotype similar to camta6 mutants. In contrast, plants overexpressing CML13-GFP or CML14-GFP in the wild-type background showed increased NaCl sensitivity. Under mannitol stress, cml13 mutants were more susceptible than camta6 mutants or wild-type plants. The phenotype of cml13 mutants could be rescued with the wild-type CML13 gene. Several salinity-marker genes under CAMTA6 control were similarly misregulated in both camta6 and cml13 mutants, further supporting a role for CML13 in CAMTA6 function. Collectively, our data suggest that CML13 and CML14 participate in abiotic stress signaling as CAMTA effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Hau
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 4L8, Canada
| | - Kyle Symonds
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 4L8, Canada
| | - Howard Teresinski
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 4L8, Canada
| | - Abby Janssen
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 4L8, Canada
| | - Liam Duff
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 4L8, Canada
| | - Milena Smith
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 4L8, Canada
| | | | - William Plaxton
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 4L8, Canada
| | - Wayne A Snedden
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 4L8, Canada
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4
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Piserchio A, Dalby KN, Ghose R. Revealing eEF-2 kinase: recent structural insights into function. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:169-182. [PMID: 38103971 PMCID: PMC10950556 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The α-kinase eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K) regulates translational elongation by phosphorylating its ribosome-associated substrate, the GTPase eEF-2. eEF-2K is activated by calmodulin (CaM) through a distinctive mechanism unlike that in other CaM-dependent kinases (CAMK). We describe recent structural insights into this unique activation process and examine the effects of specific regulatory signals on this mechanism. We also highlight key unanswered questions to guide future structure-function studies. These include structural mechanisms which enable eEF-2K to interact with upstream/downstream partners and facilitate its integration of diverse inputs, including Ca2+ transients, phosphorylation mediated by energy/nutrient-sensing pathways, pH changes, and metabolites. Answering these questions is key to establishing how eEF-2K harmonizes translation with cellular requirements within the boundaries of its molecular landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piserchio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Ranajeet Ghose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; The Graduate Center of The City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Kreida S, Roche JV, Missel JW, Al-Jubair T, Hagströmer CJ, Wittenbecher V, Linse S, Gourdon P, Törnroth-Horsefield S. The role of phosphorylation in calmodulin-mediated gating of human AQP0. Biochem J 2024; 481:17-32. [PMID: 38032258 PMCID: PMC10903448 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin-0 (AQP0) is the main water channel in the mammalian lens and is involved in accommodation and maintaining lens transparency. AQP0 binds the Ca2+-sensing protein calmodulin (CaM) and this interaction is believed to gate its water permeability by closing the water-conducting pore. Here, we express recombinant and functional human AQP0 in Pichia pastoris and investigate how phosphorylation affects the interaction with CaM in vitro as well as the CaM-dependent water permeability of AQP0 in proteoliposomes. Using microscale thermophoresis and surface plasmon resonance technology we show that the introduction of the single phospho-mimicking mutations S229D and S235D in AQP0 reduces CaM binding. In contrast, CaM interacts with S231D with similar affinity as wild type, but in a different manner. Permeability studies of wild-type AQP0 showed that the water conductance was significantly reduced by CaM in a Ca2+-dependent manner, whereas AQP0 S229D, S231D and S235D were all locked in an open state, insensitive to CaM. We propose a model in which phosphorylation of AQP0 control CaM-mediated gating in two different ways (1) phosphorylation of S229 or S235 abolishes binding (the pore remains open) and (2) phosphorylation of S231 results in CaM binding without causing pore closure, the functional role of which remains to be elucidated. Our results suggest that site-dependent phosphorylation of AQP0 dynamically controls its CaM-mediated gating. Since the level of phosphorylation increases towards the lens inner cortex, AQP0 may become insensitive to CaM-dependent gating along this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kreida
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Julie Winkel Missel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tamim Al-Jubair
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sara Linse
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Shrestha BK, Ward BM, Allen TW, da Silva ET, Zulli H, Dunford W, Doyle V, Bradley CA, Buckley B, Chen P, Clubb M, Kelly H, Koebernick J, Padgett B, Rupe JC, Sikora EJ, Spurlock TN, Thomas-Sharma S, Tolbert A, Zhou XG, Price PP. Characterization of QoI-Fungicide Resistance in Cercospora Isolates Associated with Cercospora Leaf Blight of Soybean from the Southern United States. Plant Dis 2024; 108:149-161. [PMID: 37578368 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-23-0588-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) of soybean, caused by Cercospora cf. flagellaris, C. kikuchii, and C. cf. sigesbeckiae, is an economically important disease in the southern United States. Cultivar resistance to CLB is inconsistent; therefore, fungicides in the quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) class have been relied on to manage the disease. Approximately 620 isolates from plants exhibiting CLB were collected between 2018 and 2021 from 19 locations in eight southern states. A novel polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay based on two genes, calmodulin and histone h3, was developed to differentiate between the dominant species of Cercospora, C. cf. flagellaris, and C. cf. sigesbeckiae. A multilocus phylogenetic analysis of actin, calmodulin, histone h3, ITS rDNA, and transcription elongation factor 1-α was used to confirm PCR-RFLP results and identify remaining isolates. Approximately 80% of the isolates collected were identified as C. cf. flagellaris, while 15% classified as C. cf. sigesbeckiae, 2% as C. kikuchii, and 3% as previously unreported Cercospora species associated with CLB in the United States. PCR-RFLP of cytochrome b (cytb) identified QoI-resistance conferred by the G143A substitution. Approximately 64 to 83% of isolates were determined to be QoI-resistant, and all contained the G143A substitution. Results of discriminatory dose assays using azoxystrobin (1 ppm) were 100% consistent with PCR-RFLP results. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first report of QoI resistance in CLB pathogen populations from Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee, and Texas. In areas where high frequencies of resistance have been identified, QoI fungicides should be avoided, and fungicide products with alternative modes-of-action should be utilized in the absence of CLB-resistant soybean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian M Ward
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Tom W Allen
- Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS
| | - Ernesto T da Silva
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Hannah Zulli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Will Dunford
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Vinson Doyle
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Carl A Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY
| | - Blair Buckley
- Red River Research Station, LSU AgCenter, Bossier, LA
| | - Pengyin Chen
- Fisher Delta Research Center, University of Missouri, Portageville, MO
| | - Michael Clubb
- Fisher Delta Research Center, University of Missouri, Portageville, MO
| | - Heather Kelly
- West Tennessee Research and Education Center, University of Tennessee, Jackson, TN
| | - Jenny Koebernick
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Boyd Padgett
- Dean Lee Research and Extension Center, LSU AgCenter, Alexandria, LA
| | - John C Rupe
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Ed J Sikora
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Terry N Spurlock
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Sara Thomas-Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Amanda Tolbert
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Xin-Gen Zhou
- Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, Beaumont, TX
| | - Paul P Price
- Macon Ridge Research Station, LSU AgCenter, Winnsboro, LA
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Wu X, Zhu J, Zhu L, Tang Y, Hao Z, Zhang J, Shi J, Cheng T, Lu L. Genome-wide analyses of calmodulin and calmodulin-like proteins in the halophyte Nitraria sibirica reveal their involvement in response to salinity, drought and cold stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127442. [PMID: 37844818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins are major calcium sensors that play a critical role in environmental stimulus response in plants. Nevertheless, the CaM/CML proteins from the specific plants with extreme tolerance to abiotic stresses remained so far uncharacterized. In this study, 66 candidate proteins (three NsCaMs and sixty-three NsCMLs) were identified from the halophyte Nitraria sibirica, which can withstand an extreme salinity. Bioinformatic analysis of upstream cis-acting elements predicted the potential involvement of NsCaM/CMLs in abiotic stress responses and various hormone responses. Additionally, the Nitraria sibirica transcriptome revealed that 17 and 7 NsCMLs were significantly upregulated under 100 mM or 400 mM NaCl treatment. Transcription of most salt-responsive genes was similarly upregulated under cold stress, yet downregulated under drought treatment. Moreover, predictive subcellular localization analysis suggested that the stress-responsive NsCML proteins mainly localize at the cellular membrane and within the nucleus. Furthermore, transgenic overexpression of two NsCMLs (NISI03G1136 and NISI01G1645) was found to mitigate H2O2 accumulation caused by salt stress. These results provide insights into the potential function of Nitraria sibirica CaM/CML proteins, which could aid the investigation of molecular mechanisms of extreme tolerance to abiotic stresses in halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhaodong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tielong Cheng
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Fu N, Wang L, Han X, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Tong Z, Zhang J. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Calmodulin and Calmodulin-like Genes, Revealing CaM3 and CML13 Participating in Drought Stress in Phoebe bournei. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:545. [PMID: 38203715 PMCID: PMC10778748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins are major Ca2+ sensors involved in the regulation of plant development and stress responses by converting Ca2+ signals into appropriate cellular responses. However, characterization and expression analyses of CaM/CML genes in the precious species, Phoebe bournei, remain limited. In this study, five PbCaM and sixty PbCML genes were identified that only had EF-hand motifs with no other functional domains. The phylogenetic tree was clustered into 11 subgroups, including a unique clade of PbCaMs. The PbCaMs were intron-rich with four EF-hand motifs, whereas PbCMLs had two to four EF-hands and were mostly intronless. PbCaMs/CMLs were unevenly distributed across the 12 chromosomes of P. bournei and underwent purifying selection. Fragment duplication was the main driving force for the evolution of the PbCaM/CML gene family. Cis-acting element analysis indicated that PbCaMs/CMLs might be related to hormones, growth and development, and stress response. Expression analysis showed that PbCaMs were generally highly expressed in five different tissues and under drought stress, whereas PbCMLs showed specific expression patterns. The expression levels of 11 candidate PbCaMs/CMLs were responsive to ABA and MeJA, suggesting that these genes might act through multiple signaling pathways. The overexpression of PbCaM3/CML13 genes significantly increased the tolerance of yeast cells to drought stress. The identification and characterization of the CaM/CML gene family in P. bournei laid the foundation for future functional studies of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zaikang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry & Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, China; (N.F.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Junhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry & Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, China; (N.F.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Z.)
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9
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Fang X, Bogdanov V, Davis JP, Kekenes-Huskey PM. Molecular Insights into the MLCK Activation by CaM. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:7487-7498. [PMID: 38016288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a universal regulatory protein that modulates numerous cellular processes by using calcium (Ca2+) as the signal. In smooth muscle cells (SMC), one major target of CaM is myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), a kinase that phosphorylates the myosin regulatory light chain and thereby regulates cell contraction. In the absence of CaM, MLCK remains inhibited by its autoinhibitory domain (AID). While it is well established that CaM activates MLCK, the molecular interactions between these two proteins remain elusive due to the lack of structural data. In this work, we constructed a molecular model of mammalian CaM (mCaM) in complex with MLCK leveraging AlphaFold, published biochemical data, and protein-protein docking. The model, along with a strategic set of CaM mutants including a inhibitory variant soybean CaM isoform 4 (sCaM-4), was subject to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Using principal component analysis (PCA), we mapped out the transition path for the removal of the AID from the MLCK kinase domain to provide molecular basis of MLCK activation. Additionally, we established MLCK conformations that correspond to the active and inactive states of the kinase. We showed that mCaM and sCaM-4 cause MLCK to undergo the transition to the active and inactive states, respectively. Using two structural metrics, we computed the probabilities of MLCK activation by different CaM variants, which were in good agreement with the experimental data. Distributions along these metrics revealed that different inhibitory CaM variants impair MLCK activation through unique mechanisms. We finally identified molecular contacts that contribute to the MLCK activation by CaM. Overall, we report a de novo molecular model of CaM-MLCK that provides insights into the molecular mechanism of MLCK activation by CaM. The mechanism requires effective removal of the AID while preserving an active configuration of the kinase domain. This mechanism may be shared by other MLCK isoforms and potentially other structurally similar kinases with CaM-mediated regulatory domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Fang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Vladimir Bogdanov
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jonathan P Davis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Peter M Kekenes-Huskey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, United States
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Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are the basis of a unique and potent array of cellular responses. Calmodulin (CaM) is a small but vital protein that is able to rapidly transmit information about changes in Ca2+ concentrations to its regulatory targets. CaM plays a critical role in cellular Ca2+ signaling, and interacts with a myriad of target proteins. Ca2+-dependent modulation by CaM is a major component of a diverse array of processes, ranging from gene expression in neurons to the shaping of the cardiac action potential in heart cells. Furthermore, the protein sequence of CaM is highly evolutionarily conserved, and identical CaM proteins are encoded by three independent genes (CALM1-3) in humans. Mutations within any of these three genes may lead to severe cardiac deficits including severe long QT syndrome (LQTS) and/or catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Research into disease-associated CaM variants has identified several proteins modulated by CaM that are likely to underlie the pathogenesis of these calmodulinopathies, including the cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) CaV1.2, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel, ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2). Here, we review the research that has been done to identify calmodulinopathic CaM mutations and evaluate the mechanisms underlying their role in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Hussey
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Worawan B. Limpitikul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivy E. Dick
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- CONTACT Ivy E. Dick School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD21210
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11
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Liu TT, Xu HH, Liu ZJ, Zhang HP, Zhou HT, Zhu ZX, Wang ZQ, Xue JY, Li Q, Ma Y, You HJ, Luo DL. Downregulated calmodulin expression contributes to endothelial cell impairment in diabetes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2492-2503. [PMID: 37468692 PMCID: PMC10692162 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, a central hallmark of cardiovascular pathogenesis in diabetes mellitus, is characterized by impaired endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NO bioavailability. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here in this study, we aimed to identify the role of calmodulin (CaM) in diabetic eNOS dysfunction. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells and murine endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) treated with high glucose (HG) exhibited downregulated CaM mRNA/protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression with impeded eNOS phosphorylation and cell migration/tube formation. These perturbations were reduplicated in CALM1-knockdown cells but prevented in CALM1-overexpressing cells. EPCs from type 2 diabetes animals behaved similarly to HG-treated normal EPCs, which could be rescued by CALM1-gene transduction. Consistently, diabetic animals displayed impaired eNOS phosphorylation, endothelium-dependent dilation, and CaM expression in the aorta, as well as deficient physical interaction of CaM and eNOS in the gastrocnemius. Local CALM1 gene delivery into a diabetic mouse ischemic hindlimb improved the blunted limb blood perfusion and gastrocnemius angiogenesis, and foot injuries. Diabetic patients showed insufficient foot microvascular autoregulation, eNOS phosphorylation, and NO production with downregulated CaM expression in the arterial endothelium, and abnormal CALM1 transcription in genome-wide sequencing analysis. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that downregulated CaM expression is responsible for endothelium dysfunction and angiogenesis impairment in diabetes, and provided a novel mechanism and target to protect against diabetic endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Huan-Huan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ze-Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - He-Ping Zhang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100065, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhou
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, and Peaking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhu
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, and Peaking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jing-Yi Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hong-Jie You
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Da-Li Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Metabolic Disturbance, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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12
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Chen D, Zhang HY, Hu SM, Tian MY, Zhang ZY, Wang Y, Sun LY, Han CG. The P1 protein of wheat yellow mosaic virus exerts RNA silencing suppression activity to facilitate virus infection in wheat plants. Plant J 2023; 116:1717-1736. [PMID: 37751381 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) causes severe wheat viral disease in Asia. However, the viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) encoded by WYMV has not been identified. Here, the P1 protein encoded by WYMV RNA2 was shown to suppress RNA silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana. Mutagenesis assays revealed that the alanine substitution mutant G175A of P1 abolished VSR activity and mutant Y10A VSR activity remained only in younger leaves. P1, but not G175A, interacted with gene silencing-related protein, N. benthamiana calmodulin-like protein (NbCaM), and calmodulin-binding transcription activator 3 (NbCAMTA3), and Y10A interacted with NbCAMTA3 only. Competitive Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that the ability of P1 disturbing the interaction between NbCaM and NbCAMTA3 was stronger than Y10A, Y10A was stronger than G175A. In vitro transcript inoculation of infectious WYMV clones further demonstrated that VSR-defective mutants G175A and Y10A reduced WYMV infection in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), G175A had a more significant effect on virus accumulation in upper leaves of wheat than Y10A. Moreover, RNA silencing, temperature, and autophagy have significant effects on the accumulation of P1 in N. benthamiana. Taken together, WYMV P1 acts as VSR by interfering with calmodulin-associated antiviral RNAi defense to facilitate virus infection in wheat, which has provided clear insights into the function of P1 in the process of WYMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Chen
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui-Ying Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shu-Ming Hu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Zong-Ying Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, and State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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13
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Wang Y, Mao J, Fan Z, Hang Y, Tang A, Tian Y, Wang X, Hao Z, Han B, Ding J, Chang Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals core lncRNA-mRNA networks regulating melanization and biomineralization in Patinopecten yessoensis shell-infested by Polydora. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:723. [PMID: 38031026 PMCID: PMC10687851 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patinopecten yessoensis, a large and old molluscan group, has been one of the most important aquaculture shellfish in Asian countries because of its high economic value. However, the aquaculture of the species has recently been seriously affected by the frequent outbreaks of Polydora disease, causing great economic losses. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exhibit exhibit crucial effects on diverse biological processes, but still remain poorly studied in scallops, limiting our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanism of P. yessoensis in response to Polydora infestation. RESULTS In this study, a high-throughput transcriptome analysis was conducted in the mantles of healthy and Polydora-infected P. yessoensis by RNA sequencing. A total of 19,133 lncRNAs with 2,203 known and 16,930 novel were identified. The genomic characterizations of lncRNAs showed shorter sequence and open reading frame (ORF) length, fewer number of exons and lower expression levels in comparison with mRNAs. There were separately 2280 and 1636 differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs (DEGs and DELs) detected in diseased individuals. The target genes of DELs were determined by both co-location and co-expression analyses. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs involved in melanization and biomineralization were significantly upregulated; further, obviously increased melanin granules were observed in epithelial cells of the edge mantle in diseased scallops by histological and TEM study, indicating the crucial role of melanizaiton and biomineralization in P. yessoensis to resist against Polydora infestation. Moreover, many key genes, such as Tyrs, Frizzled, Wnts, calmodulins, Pifs, perlucin, laccase, shell matrix protein, mucins and chitins, were targeted by DELs. Finally, a core lncRNA-mRNA interactive network involved in melanization and biomineralization was constructed and validated by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS This work provides valuable resources for studies of lncRNAs in scallops, and adds a new insight into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of P. yessoensis defending against Polydora infestation, which will contribute to Polydora disease control and breeding of disease-resistant varieties in molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Junxia Mao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.
| | - Zhiyue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunna Hang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - AnQi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenlin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Bing Han
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.
| | - Jun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
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Fukuyama M, Horie M, Kato K, Aoki H, Fujita S, Yoshida Y, Sakazaki H, Toda T, Ueno M, Izumi G, Momoi N, Muneuchi J, Makiyama T, Nakagawa Y, Ohno S. Calmodulinopathy in Japanese Children - Their Cardiac Phenotypes Are Severe and Show Early Onset in Fetal Life and Infancy. Circ J 2023; 87:1828-1835. [PMID: 37380439 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-23-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac calmodulinopathy, characterized by a life-threatening arrhythmia and sudden death in the young, is extremely rare and caused by genes encoding calmodulin, namely calmodulin 1 (CALM1), CALM2, and CALM3.Methods and Results: We screened 195 symptomatic children (age 0-12 years) who were suspected of inherited arrhythmias for 48 candidate genes, using a next-generation sequencer. Ten probands were identified as carrying variants in any of CALM1-3 (5%; median age 5 years), who were initially diagnosed with long QT syndrome (LQTS; n=5), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT; n=3), and overlap syndrome (n=2). Two probands harbored a CALM1 variant and 8 probands harbored 6 CALM2 variants. There were 4 clinical phenotypes: (1) documented lethal arrhythmic events (LAEs): 4 carriers of N98S in CALM1 or CALM2; (2) suspected LAEs: CALM2 p.D96G and D132G carriers experienced syncope and transient cardiopulmonary arrest under emotional stimulation; (3) critical cardiac complication: CALM2 p.D96V and p.E141K carriers showed severe cardiac dysfunction with QTc prolongation; and (4) neurological and developmental disorders: 2 carriers of CALM2 p.E46K showed cardiac phenotypes of CPVT. Beta-blocker therapy was effective in all cases except cardiac dysfunction, especially in combination with flecainide (CPVT-like phenotype) and mexiletine (LQTS-like). CONCLUSIONS Calmodulinopathy patients presented severe cardiac features, and their onset of LAEs was earlier in life, requiring diagnosis and treatment at the earliest age possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Fukuyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Minoru Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Koichi Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Hisaaki Aoki
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital
| | - Shuhei Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital
| | - Yoko Yoshida
- Division of Pediatric Electrophysiology, Osaka City General Hospital
| | - Hisanori Sakazaki
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki Hospital
| | - Takako Toda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | | | - Gaku Izumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Nobuo Momoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Jun Muneuchi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Kyushu Hospital, Japan Community Healthcare Organization
| | - Takeru Makiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshihisa Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Seiko Ohno
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
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15
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He J, Ni Z, Li Z. CALM3 affects the prognosis of leukemia and hemorrhoids. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36027. [PMID: 37932969 PMCID: PMC10627675 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is an abnormal proliferation of white blood cells in the bone marrow, resulting in a large accumulation of abnormal leukemia cells in the blood and bone marrow. Hemorrhoids are dilated and swollen veins in the rectum or anal area. However, the relationship between CALM3 and leukemia and hemorrhoids remains unclear. The hemorrhoids dataset GSE154650 and leukemia dataset GSE26294 were downloaded from GEO databases generated by GPL20301 and GPL571.The R package limma was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEDs). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed. The construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, functional enrichment analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) analysis were performed. TargetScan was used to screen miRNAs regulating central DEGs. It was verified by western blot basic cell assay. A total of 125 DEGs were co-identified. According to the GO analysis, they are mainly enriched in small molecule catabolic processes, skin development, and chemokine receptor binding. The KEGG analysis results show that the target cells are mainly enriched in the interaction of cytokines and cytokine receptors, as well as butyric acid metabolism. The GSEA analysis results indicate enrichment in small molecule catabolic processes, skin development, and chemokine receptor binding. Six core genes (CALM3, ACE2, PPARGC1A, XCR1, CFTR, PRKCA) were identified. We found that the core gene CALM3 is highly expressed in hemorrhoid samples, low in leukemia samples, and has low expression in normal samples, which may play a regulatory role in hemorrhoids and leukemia. Immunoinfiltration results showed a higher proportion of T_cells_CD4_memory_resting and a correlation with T_cells_CD8. WB experiment verified the result. CALM3 expression is low in leukemia, and the lower the expression is, the worse the prognosis is. CALM3 is highly expressed in hemorrhoids, and the higher the expression, the worse the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijie Ni
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongbo Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation 731 Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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von Bongartz K, Sabelleck B, Baquero Forero A, Kuhn H, Leissing F, Panstruga R. Comprehensive comparative assessment of the Arabidopsis thaliana MLO2-CALMODULIN2 interaction by various in vitro and in vivo protein-protein interaction assays. Biochem J 2023; 480:1615-1638. [PMID: 37767715 PMCID: PMC10586775 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Mildew resistance locus o (MLO) proteins are heptahelical integral membrane proteins of which some isoforms act as susceptibility factors for the powdery mildew pathogen. In many angiosperm plant species, loss-of-function mlo mutants confer durable broad-spectrum resistance against the fungal disease. Barley Mlo is known to interact via a cytosolic carboxyl-terminal domain with the intracellular calcium sensor calmodulin (CAM) in a calcium-dependent manner. Site-directed mutagenesis has revealed key amino acid residues in the barley Mlo calmodulin-binding domain (CAMBD) that, when mutated, affect the MLO-CAM association. We here tested the respective interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana MLO2 and CAM2 using seven different types of in vitro and in vivo protein-protein interaction assays. In each assay, we deployed a wild-type version of either the MLO2 carboxyl terminus (MLO2CT), harboring the CAMBD, or the MLO2 full-length protein and corresponding mutant variants in which two key residues within the CAMBD were substituted by non-functional amino acids. We focused in particular on the substitution of two hydrophobic amino acids (LW/RR mutant) and found in most protein-protein interaction experiments reduced binding of CAM2 to the corresponding MLO2/MLO2CT-LW/RR mutant variants in comparison with the respective wild-type versions. However, the Ura3-based yeast split-ubiquitin system and in planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays failed to indicate reduced CAM2 binding to the mutated CAMBD. Our data shed further light on the interaction of MLO and CAM proteins and provide a comprehensive comparative assessment of different types of protein-protein interaction assays with wild-type and mutant versions of an integral membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira von Bongartz
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn Sabelleck
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anežka Baquero Forero
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hannah Kuhn
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franz Leissing
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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17
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Aleynova OA, Kiselev KV, Suprun AR, Ananev AA, Dubrovina AS. Involvement of the Calmodulin-like Protein Gene VaCML92 in Grapevine Abiotic Stress Response and Stilbene Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15827. [PMID: 37958810 PMCID: PMC10649675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are an important family of plant calcium sensor proteins that sense and decode changes in the intracellular calcium concentration in response to environmental and developmental stimuli. Nonetheless, the specific functions of individual CML family members remain largely unknown. This study aims to explore the role of the Vitis amurensis VaCML92 gene in the development of its high stress resistance and the production of stilbenes. The expression of VaCML92 was sharply induced in V. amurensis cuttings after cold stress. The VaCML92 gene was cloned and its role in the abiotic stress responses and stilbene production in grapevine was further investigated. The VaCML92-overexpressing callus cell cultures of V. amurensis and soil-grown plants of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited enhanced tolerance to cold stress and, to a lesser extent, to the drought, while their tolerance to heat stress and high salinity was not affected. In addition, the overexpression of VaCML92 increased stilbene production in the V. amurensis cell cultures by 7.8-8.7-fold. Taken together, the data indicate that the VaCML92 gene is involved as a strong positive regulator in the rapid response to cold stress, the induction of cold stress resistance and in stilbene production in wild grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexandra S. Dubrovina
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia (K.V.K.)
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18
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Jayaprakash A, Roy A, Thanmalagan RR, Arunachalam A, P T V L. Understanding the mechanism of pathogenicity through interactome studies between Arachis hypogaea L. and Aspergillus flavus. J Proteomics 2023; 287:104975. [PMID: 37482270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) infects the peanut seeds during pre-and post-harvest stages, causing seed quality destruction for humans and livestock consumption. Even though many resistant varieties were developed, the molecular mechanism of defense interactions of peanut against A. flavus still needs further investigation. Hence, an interologous host-pathogen protein interaction (HPPI) network was constructed to understand the subcellular level interaction mechanism between peanut and A. flavus. Out of the top 10 hub proteins of both organisms, protein phosphatase 2C and cyclic nucleotide-binding/kinase domain-containing protein and different ribosomal proteins were identified as candidate proteins involved in defense. Functional annotation and subcellular localization based characterization of HPPI identified protein SGT1 homolog, calmodulin and Rac-like GTP-binding proteins to be involved in defense response against fungus. The relevance of HPPI in infectious conditions was assessed using two transcriptome data which identified the interplay of host kinase class R proteins, bHLH TFs and cell wall related proteins to impart resistance against pathogen infection. Further, the pathogenicity analysis identified glycogen phosphorylase and molecular chaperone and allergen Mod-E/Hsp90/Hsp1 as potential pathogen targets to enhance the host defense mechanism. Hence, the computationally predicted host-pathogen PPI network could provide valuable support for molecular biology experiments to understand the host-pathogen interaction. SIGNIFICANCE: Protein-protein interactions execute significant cellular interactions in an organism and are influenced majorly by stress conditions. Here we reported the host-pathogen protein-protein interaction between peanut and A. flavus, and a detailed network analysis based on function, subcellular localization, gene co-expression, and pathogenicity was performed. The network analysis identified key proteins such as host kinase class R proteins, calmodulin, SGT1 homolog, Rac-like GTP-binding proteins bHLH TFs and cell wall related to impart resistance against pathogen infection. We observed the interplay of defense related proteins and cell wall related proteins predominantly, which could be subjected to further studies. The network analysis described in this study could be applied to understand other host-pathogen systems generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya Jayaprakash
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Abhijeet Roy
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Raja Rajeswary Thanmalagan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Annamalai Arunachalam
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Lakshmi P T V
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India.
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Crotti L, Spazzolini C, Nyegaard M, Overgaard MT, Kotta MC, Dagradi F, Sala L, Aiba T, Ayers MD, Baban A, Barc J, Beach CM, Behr ER, Bos JM, Cerrone M, Covi P, Cuneo B, Denjoy I, Donner B, Elbert A, Eliasson H, Etheridge SP, Fukuyama M, Girolami F, Hamilton R, Horie M, Iascone M, Jaimez JJ, Jensen HK, Kannankeril PJ, Kaski JP, Makita N, Muñoz-Esparza C, Odland HH, Ohno S, Papagiannis J, Porretta AP, Prandstetter C, Probst V, Robyns T, Rosenthal E, Rosés-Noguer F, Sekarski N, Singh A, Spentzou G, Stute F, Tfelt-Hansen J, Till J, Tobert KE, Vinocur JM, Webster G, Wilde AAM, Wolf CM, Ackerman MJ, Schwartz PJ. Clinical presentation of calmodulin mutations: the International Calmodulinopathy Registry. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:3357-3370. [PMID: 37528649 PMCID: PMC10499544 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Calmodulinopathy due to mutations in any of the three CALM genes (CALM1-3) causes life-threatening arrhythmia syndromes, especially in young individuals. The International Calmodulinopathy Registry (ICalmR) aims to define and link the increasing complexity of the clinical presentation to the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS The ICalmR is an international, collaborative, observational study, assembling and analysing clinical and genetic data on CALM-positive patients. The ICalmR has enrolled 140 subjects (median age 10.8 years [interquartile range 5-19]), 97 index cases and 43 family members. CALM-LQTS and CALM-CPVT are the prevalent phenotypes. Primary neurological manifestations, unrelated to post-anoxic sequelae, manifested in 20 patients. Calmodulinopathy remains associated with a high arrhythmic event rate (symptomatic patients, n = 103, 74%). However, compared with the original 2019 cohort, there was a reduced frequency and severity of all cardiac events (61% vs. 85%; P = .001) and sudden death (9% vs. 27%; P = .008). Data on therapy do not allow definitive recommendations. Cardiac structural abnormalities, either cardiomyopathy or congenital heart defects, are present in 30% of patients, mainly CALM-LQTS, and lethal cases of heart failure have occurred. The number of familial cases and of families with strikingly different phenotypes is increasing. CONCLUSION Calmodulinopathy has pleiotropic presentations, from channelopathy to syndromic forms. Clinical severity ranges from the early onset of life-threatening arrhythmias to the absence of symptoms, and the percentage of milder and familial forms is increasing. There are no hard data to guide therapy, and current management includes pharmacological and surgical antiadrenergic interventions with sodium channel blockers often accompanied by an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Crotti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Via Pier Lombardo 22, 20135 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Spazzolini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Via Pier Lombardo 22, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Michael T Overgaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Maria-Christina Kotta
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Via Pier Lombardo 22, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Dagradi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Via Pier Lombardo 22, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Sala
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Via Pier Lombardo 22, 20135 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Takeshi Aiba
- Division of Arrhythmia, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Mark D Ayers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anwar Baban
- Member of the European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart
- Pediatric Cardiology and Arrhythmia/Syncope Units, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Julien Barc
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L’institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Cheyenne M Beach
- Pediatric Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elijah R Behr
- Cardiology Section, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George’s University of London and Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - J Martijn Bos
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marina Cerrone
- Inherited Arrhythmias Clinic, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossmann School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Covi
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bettina Cuneo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, University of Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Isabelle Denjoy
- Centre de Référence Maladies Cardiaques Héréditaires Filière Cardiogen, Département de Rythmologie, Groupe Hospitalier Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Birgit Donner
- Kardiologie, Universitäts-Kinderspital beider Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Elbert
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Håkan Eliasson
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Cardiology C8:34, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susan P Etheridge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah and Primary Children’s Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Megumi Fukuyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Robert Hamilton
- Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Minoru Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Maria Iascone
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Juan Jiménez Jaimez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitario IBS Granada, Spain
| | - Henrik Kjærulf Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, K-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Prince J Kannankeril
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Juan P Kaski
- Centre for Paediatric Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Childhood, London, UK
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Naomasa Makita
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- Sapporo Teishinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Esparza
- Member of the European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart
- Inherited Cardiac Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Hans H Odland
- Department of Cardiology and Pediatric Cardiology, Section for Arrhythmias, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Seiko Ohno
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - John Papagiannis
- Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Alessandra Pia Porretta
- Unité des Troubles du Rythme, Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Prandstetter
- Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Vincent Probst
- Service de Cardiologie, L’institut du Thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Tomas Robyns
- Member of the European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Rosenthal
- Evelina London Children’s Hospital, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ferran Rosés-Noguer
- Member of the European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart
- Lead Paediatric Cardiology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Royal Brompton Hospital NHS Guy’s and St Thomas Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicole Sekarski
- Unité de Cardiologie Pédiatrique, Département Médico-Chirurgical de Pédiatrie, CHUV | Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anoop Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI, USA
| | | | - Fridrike Stute
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- Member of the European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart
- Section of Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Till
- Royal Brompton Hospital NHS Guy’s and St Thomas Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kathryn E Tobert
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Gregory Webster
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Member of the European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart: ERN GUARD-Heart
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cordula M Wolf
- Center for Rare Congenital Heart Diseases, Department of Congenital Heart Defects and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine & Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Peter J Schwartz
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Via Pier Lombardo 22, 20135 Milan, Italy
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Chan M, Sahakyan H, Eldstrom J, Sastre D, Wang Y, Dou Y, Pourrier M, Vardanyan V, Fedida D. A generic binding pocket for small molecule IKs activators at the extracellular inter-subunit interface of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 channel complexes. eLife 2023; 12:RP87038. [PMID: 37707495 PMCID: PMC10501768 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac IKs ion channel comprises KCNQ1, calmodulin, and KCNE1 in a dodecameric complex which provides a repolarizing current reserve at higher heart rates and protects from arrhythmia syndromes that cause fainting and sudden death. Pharmacological activators of IKs are therefore of interest both scientifically and therapeutically for treatment of IKs loss-of-function disorders. One group of chemical activators are only active in the presence of the accessory KCNE1 subunit and here we investigate this phenomenon using molecular modeling techniques and mutagenesis scanning in mammalian cells. A generalized activator binding pocket is formed extracellularly by KCNE1, the domain-swapped S1 helices of one KCNQ1 subunit and the pore/turret region made up of two other KCNQ1 subunits. A few residues, including K41, A44 and Y46 in KCNE1, W323 in the KCNQ1 pore, and Y148 in the KCNQ1 S1 domain, appear critical for the binding of structurally diverse molecules, but in addition, molecular modeling studies suggest that induced fit by structurally different molecules underlies the generalized nature of the binding pocket. Activation of IKs is enhanced by stabilization of the KCNQ1-S1/KCNE1/pore complex, which ultimately slows deactivation of the current, and promotes outward current summation at higher pulse rates. Our results provide a mechanistic explanation of enhanced IKs currents by these activator compounds and provide a map for future design of more potent therapeutically useful molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Chan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Harutyun Sahakyan
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Biological Processes, Institute of Molecular BiologyYerevanArmenia
| | - Jodene Eldstrom
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Daniel Sastre
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Yundi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Ying Dou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Marc Pourrier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Vitya Vardanyan
- Molecular Neuroscience Group, Institute of Molecular BiologyYerevanArmenia
| | - David Fedida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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Wren LM, DeKeyser JM, Barefield DY, Hawkins NA, McNally EM, Kearney JA, Wasserstrom JA, George AL. Sex and Gene Influence Arrhythmia Susceptibility in Murine Models of Calmodulinopathy. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2023; 16:e010891. [PMID: 37589122 PMCID: PMC10530303 DOI: 10.1161/circep.122.010891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic variants in genes encoding CaM (calmodulin) are associated with a life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia syndrome (calmodulinopathy). The in vivo consequences of CaM variants have not been studied extensively and there is incomplete understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship for recurrent variants. We investigated effects of different factors on calmodulinopathy phenotypes using 2 mouse models with a recurrent pathogenic variant (N98S) in Calm1 or Calm2. METHODS Genetically engineered mice with heterozygous N98S pathogenic variants in Calm1 or Calm2 were generated. Differences between the sexes and affected genes were assessed using multiple physiological assays at the cellular and whole animal levels. Statistical significance among groups was evaluated using 1-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test when data were not normally distributed. RESULTS Calm1N98S/+ (Calm1S/+) or Calm2N98S/+ (Calm2S/+) mice exhibited sinus bradycardia and were more susceptible to arrhythmias after exposure to epinephrine and caffeine. Male Calm1S/+ mice had the most severe arrhythmia phenotype with evidence of early embryonic lethality, greater susceptibility for arrhythmic events, frequent premature beats, corrected QT prolongation, and more heart rate variability after epinephrine and caffeine than females with the same genotype. Calm2 S/+ mice exhibited a less severe phenotype, with female Calm2 S/+ mice having the least severe arrhythmia susceptibility. Flecainide was not effective in preventing arrhythmias in heterozygous CaM-N98S mice. Intracellular Ca2+ transients observed in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from male heterozygous CaM-N98S mice had lower peak amplitudes and slower sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release following in vitro exposure to epinephrine and caffeine, which were not observed in cardiomyocytes from heterozygous female CaM-N98S mice. CONCLUSIONS We report heterogeneity in arrhythmia susceptibility and cardiomyocyte Ca2+ dynamics among male and female mice heterozygous for a recurrent pathogenic variant in Calm1 or Calm2, illustrating a complex calmodulinopathy phenotype in vivo. Further investigation of sex and genetic differences may help identify the molecular basis for this heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Wren
- Department of Pharmacology (L.M.W., J.-M.D., N.A.H., J.A.K., A.L.G.), The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jean-Marc DeKeyser
- Department of Pharmacology (L.M.W., J.-M.D., N.A.H., J.A.K., A.L.G.), The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - David Y Barefield
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (D.Y.B.)
| | - Nicole A Hawkins
- Department of Pharmacology (L.M.W., J.-M.D., N.A.H., J.A.K., A.L.G.), The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine (E.M.M.), The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jennifer A Kearney
- Department of Pharmacology (L.M.W., J.-M.D., N.A.H., J.A.K., A.L.G.), The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - J Andrew Wasserstrom
- Department of Medicine (J.A.W.), The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Alfred L George
- Department of Pharmacology (L.M.W., J.-M.D., N.A.H., J.A.K., A.L.G.), The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Kass RS. Calmodulin mutations can underlie the phenotype of long QT syndrome variant 1. J Physiol 2023; 601:3695-3696. [PMID: 37555447 DOI: 10.1113/jp285220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
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23
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McCormick L, Wadmore K, Milburn A, Gupta N, Morris R, Held M, Prakash O, Carr J, Barrett‐Jolley R, Dart C, Helassa N. Long QT syndrome-associated calmodulin variants disrupt the activity of the slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium channel. J Physiol 2023; 601:3739-3764. [PMID: 37428651 PMCID: PMC10952621 DOI: 10.1113/jp284994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a highly conserved mediator of calcium (Ca2+ )-dependent signalling and modulates various cardiac ion channels. Genotyping has revealed several CaM mutations associated with long QT syndrome (LQTS). LQTS patients display prolonged ventricular recovery times (QT interval), increasing their risk of incurring life-threatening arrhythmic events. Loss-of-function mutations to Kv7.1 (which drives the slow delayed rectifier potassium current, IKs, a key ventricular repolarising current) are the largest contributor to congenital LQTS (>50% of cases). CaM modulates Kv7.1 to produce a Ca2+ -sensitive IKs, but little is known about the consequences of LQTS-associated CaM mutations on Kv7.1 function. Here, we present novel data characterising the biophysical and modulatory properties of three LQTS-associated CaM variants (D95V, N97I and D131H). We showed that mutations induced structural alterations in CaM and reduced affinity for Kv7.1, when compared with wild-type (WT). Using HEK293T cells expressing Kv7.1 channel subunits (KCNQ1/KCNE1) and patch-clamp electrophysiology, we demonstrated that LQTS-associated CaM variants reduced current density at systolic Ca2+ concentrations (1 μm), revealing a direct QT-prolonging modulatory effect. Our data highlight for the first time that LQTS-associated perturbations to CaM's structure impede complex formation with Kv7.1 and subsequently result in reduced IKs. This provides a novel mechanistic insight into how the perturbed structure-function relationship of CaM variants contributes to the LQTS phenotype. KEY POINTS: Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous, highly conserved calcium (Ca2+ ) sensor playing a key role in cardiac muscle contraction. Genotyping has revealed several CaM mutations associated with long QT syndrome (LQTS), a life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia syndrome. LQTS-associated CaM variants (D95V, N97I and D131H) induced structural alterations, altered binding to Kv7.1 and reduced IKs. Our data provide a novel mechanistic insight into how the perturbed structure-function relationship of CaM variants contributes to the LQTS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam McCormick
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, North West Genomic Laboratory HubSaint Mary's HospitalManchesterUK
| | - Kirsty Wadmore
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Amy Milburn
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Nitika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Rachael Morris
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Marie Held
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Ohm Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Joseph Carr
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Richard Barrett‐Jolley
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Caroline Dart
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Nordine Helassa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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Lang Y, Kong X, Liu B, Jin X, Chen L, Xu S. microRNA-651-5p affects the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells by regulating Calmodulin 2 expression. Clin Respir J 2023; 17:754-763. [PMID: 37470336 PMCID: PMC10435939 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung cancer is prevalent worldwide and a leading contributor to tumor death. This research intends to explore the molecular mechanism of the microRNA-651-5p (miR-651-5p)/Calmodulin 2 (CALM2) axis in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells. METHODS Lung cancer tissues and para-cancerous tissues were collected. The expression levels of miR-651-5p and CALM2 in lung cancer tissues and cells were tested, and the connection between miR-651-5p expression and clinicopathological characteristics of lung cancer patients was further analyzed. The binding sites between miR-651-5p and CALM2 were analyzed and validated. Lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were examined. RESULTS miR-651-5p was lowly expressed in lung cancer tissues and cells. miR-651-5p expression had no correlation with patients' age and gender but had a correlation with patients' tumor size, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of miR-651-5p repressed proliferative, migratory, and invasive behaviors of lung cancer cells. miR-651-5p targeted and negatively regulated CALM2 expression, and CALM2 reversed the inhibiting effects of miR-651-5p on lung cancer cell malignant behaviors, including proliferation, migration, and invasion. CONCLUSION This study expounds that miR-651-5p affects the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells by regulating CALM2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguo Lang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Xianglong Kong
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Benkun Liu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Xiangyuan Jin
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Lantao Chen
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Shidong Xu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryHarbin Medical University Cancer HospitalHarbinHeilongjiangChina
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Werner Berchtold M. Increased exosomal Calmodulin in the urine of patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) may be derived from either CALM1, CALM2, CALM3 or from more than one of these genes. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117515. [PMID: 37604221 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Werner Berchtold
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 13 Universitetsparken, August Krogh Building, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Li L, Guo N, Cao Y, Zhai X, Fan G. Genome-Wide Characterization of Calmodulin and Calmodulin-like Protein Gene Families in Paulownia fortunei and Identification of Their Potential Involvement in Paulownia Witches' Broom. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1540. [PMID: 37628592 PMCID: PMC10454933 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As significant Ca2+ sensors, calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like proteins (CML), have been associated with a variety of environmental conditions in plants. However, whether CaMs/CMLs are related to the stress of phytoplasma infection has not been reported in Paulownia fortunei. In the current study, 5 PfCaMs and 58 PfCMLs were detected through a genome-wide investigation. The number of EF-hand motifs in all PfCaMs/CMLs varied. Bioinformatics analyses, including protein characteristics, conserved domain, gene structure, cis-elements, evolutionary relationship, collinearity, chromosomal location, post-translation modification site, subcellular localization and expression pattern analyses, represented the conservation and divergence of PfCaMs/CMLs. Furthermore, some PfCaMs/CMLs might be involved in plants' reaction to phytoplasma infection and exogenous calcium therapy, indicating these genes may play a role in abiotic as well as biotic stress responses. In addition, subcellular localization analysis showed that PfCML10 was located in the cell membrane and nucleus. In summary, these findings establish a stronger platform for their subsequent functional investigation in trees and further characterize their roles in Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.L.); (N.G.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Na Guo
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.L.); (N.G.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yabing Cao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.L.); (N.G.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | | | - Guoqiang Fan
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (L.L.); (N.G.); (Y.C.)
- Institute of Paulownia, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Shivnauth V, Pretheepkumar S, Marchetta EJR, Rossi CAM, Amani K, Castroverde CDM. Structural diversity and stress regulation of the plant immunity-associated CALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEIN 60 (CBP60) family of transcription factors in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:236. [PMID: 37439880 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular signaling generates calcium (Ca2+) ions, which are ubiquitous secondary messengers decoded by calcium-dependent protein kinases, calcineurins, calreticulin, calmodulins (CAMs), and CAM-binding proteins. Previous studies in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have shown the critical roles of the CAM-BINDING PROTEIN 60 (CBP60) protein family in plant growth, stress responses, and immunity. Certain CBP60 factors can regulate plant immune responses, like pattern-triggered immunity, effector-triggered immunity, and synthesis of major plant immune-activating metabolites salicylic acid (SA) and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP). Although homologous CBP60 sequences have been identified in the plant kingdom, their function and regulation in most species remain unclear. In this paper, we specifically characterized 11 members of the CBP60 family in the agriculturally important crop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Protein sequence analyses revealed that three CBP60 homologs have the closest amino acid identity to Arabidopsis CBP60g and SARD1, master transcription factors involved in plant immunity. Strikingly, AlphaFold deep learning-assisted prediction of protein structures highlighted close structural similarity between these tomato and Arabidopsis CBP60 homologs. Conserved domain analyses revealed that they possess CAM-binding domains and DNA-binding domains, reflecting their potential involvement in linking Ca2+ signaling and transcriptional regulation in tomato plants. In terms of their gene expression profiles under biotic (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 pathogen infection) and/or abiotic stress (warming temperatures), five tomato CBP60 genes were pathogen-responsive and temperature-sensitive, reminiscent of Arabidopsis CBP60g and SARD1. Overall, we present a genome-wide identification of the CBP60 gene/protein family in tomato plants, and we provide evidence on their regulation and potential function as Ca2+-sensing transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Shivnauth
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Sonya Pretheepkumar
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Eric J R Marchetta
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Christina A M Rossi
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Keaun Amani
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
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Travis J. How a geneticist led an effort to free a convicted serial murderer. Science 2023; 380:1096-1097. [PMID: 37319209 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
"Science has been heard," says Carola Vinuesa after mother jailed for killing her four kids was pardoned and released.
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Malik AM, Wu JJ, Gillies CA, Doctrove QA, Li X, Huang H, Tank EHM, Shakkottai VG, Barmada S. Neuronal activity regulates Matrin 3 abundance and function in a calcium-dependent manner through calpain-mediated cleavage and calmodulin binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2206217120. [PMID: 37011198 PMCID: PMC10104577 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206217120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein (RBP) dysfunction is a fundamental hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and related neuromuscular disorders. Abnormal neuronal excitability is also a conserved feature in ALS patients and disease models, yet little is known about how activity-dependent processes regulate RBP levels and functions. Mutations in the gene encoding the RBP Matrin 3 (MATR3) cause familial disease, and MATR3 pathology has also been observed in sporadic ALS, suggesting a key role for MATR3 in disease pathogenesis. Here, we show that glutamatergic activity drives MATR3 degradation through an NMDA receptor-, Ca2+-, and calpain-dependent mechanism. The most common pathogenic MATR3 mutation renders it resistant to calpain degradation, suggesting a link between activity-dependent MATR3 regulation and disease. We also demonstrate that Ca2+ regulates MATR3 through a nondegradative process involving the binding of Ca2+/calmodulin to MATR3 and inhibition of its RNA-binding ability. These findings indicate that neuronal activity impacts both the abundance and function of MATR3, underscoring the effect of activity on RBPs and providing a foundation for further study of Ca2+-coupled regulation of RBPs implicated in ALS and related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Malik
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Josephine J. Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Christie A. Gillies
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Quinlan A. Doctrove
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Postbac Research Education Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Xingli Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Haoran Huang
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | | | | | - Sami Barmada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
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Li C, Wang Y, Wei M, Wang X. The involvement of a novel calmodulin-like protein isoform from oyster Crassostrea gigas in transcription factor regulation provides new insight into acclimation to ocean acidification. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 257:106423. [PMID: 36822075 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms need to adapt to improve organismal fitness under ocean acidification (OA). Recent studies have shown that marine calcifiers can achieve acclimation by stimulating calcium binding/signaling pathways. Here, a CaM-like gene (CgCaLP-2) from oyster Crassostrea gigas which typically responded to long-term CO2 exposure (two months) rather than short-term exposure (one week) was characterized. The cloned cDNA was 678 bp and was shorter than the retrieved sequence from NCBI (1125 bp). The two sequences, designated as CgCaLP-2-v1 and CgCaLP-2-v2, were demonstrated to be different splice variants by the genome sequence analysis. Western blotting analysis revealed two bands of 23 kD and 43 kD in mantle and hemocytes, corresponding to predicted molecular weight of CgCaLP-2-v1 and CgCaLP-2-v2, respectively. The isoform CgCaLP-2-v1 (the 23 kD band) was highly stimulated in response to long-term CO2 exposure (42-day and 56-day treatment) in hemocytes and mantle tissue. The fluorescence signal of CgCaLP-2 in mantle and hemocytes became more intensive after long-term CO2 exposure. Besides, in hemocytes, CgCaLP-2 presented a higher localization on the nuclear membrane after long-term CO2 exposure (56 d). The target gene network of CgCaLP-2 was predicted, and a transcription factor (TF) gene annotated as Homeobox protein SIX4 (CgSIX4) showed a similar expressive trend to CgCaLP-2 during CO2 exposure. Suppression of CgCaLP-2 via RNA interference significantly reduced the mRNA expression of CgSIX4. The results suggested that CgCaLP-2 might mediate the Ca2+-CaLP-TF signal transduction pathway under long-term CO2 exposure. This study serves as an example to reveal that alternative splicing is an important mechanism for generation multiple protein isoforms and thus shape the plastic responses under CO2 exposure, providing new insight into the potential acclimation ability of marine calcifiers to future OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Manman Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiudan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Sun Q, Zhai L, Zhao D, Gao M, Wu Y, Wu T, Zhang X, Xu X, Han Z, Wang Y. Kinase MxMPK4-1 and calmodulin-binding protein MxIQM3 enhance apple root acidification during Fe deficiency. Plant Physiol 2023; 191:1968-1984. [PMID: 36534987 PMCID: PMC10022619 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is a long-standing issue in plant mineral nutrition. Ca2+ signals and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade are frequently activated in parallel to perceive external cues, but their interplay under Fe deficiency stress remains largely unclear. Here, the kinase MxMPK4-1, which is induced during the response to Fe deficiency stress in apple rootstock Malus xiaojinensis, cooperates with IQ-motif containing protein3 (MxIQM3). MxIQM3 gene expression, protein abundance, and phosphorylation level increased under Fe deficiency stress. The overexpression of MxIQM3 in apple calli and rootstocks mitigated the Fe deficiency phenotype and improved stress tolerance, whereas RNA interference or silencing of MxIQM3 in apple calli and rootstocks, respectively, worsened the phenotype and reduced tolerance to Fe deficiency. MxMPK4-1 interacted with MxIQM3 and subsequently phosphorylated MxIQM3 at Ser393, and co-expression of MxMPK4-1 and MxIQM3 in apple calli and rootstocks enhanced Fe deficiency responses. Furthermore, MxIQM3 interacted with the central-loop region of the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase MxHA2. Phospho-mimicking mutation of MxIQM3 at Ser393 inhibited binding to MxHA2, but phospho-abolishing mutation promoted interaction with both the central-loop and C terminus of MxHA2, demonstrating phosphorylation of MxIQM3 caused dissociation from MxHA2 and therefore increased H+ secretion. Moreover, Ca2+/MxCAM7 (Calmodulin7) regulated the MxMPK4-1-MxIQM3 module in response to Fe deficiency stress. Overall, our results demonstrate that MxMPK4-1-MxIQM3 forms a functional complex and positively regulates PM H+-ATPase activity in Fe deficiency responses, revealing a versatile mechanism of Ca2+/MxCAM7 signaling and MAPK cascade under Fe deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiran Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Longmei Zhai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Danrui Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Min Gao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Yan W, Jian Y, Duan S, Guo X, Hu J, Yang X, Li G. Dissection of the Plant Hormone Signal Transduction Network in Late Blight-Resistant Potato Genotype SD20 and Prediction of Key Resistance Genes. Phytopathology 2023; 113:528-538. [PMID: 36173283 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-22-0124-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hormones play an important role in plant disease resistance and defense. Transcriptome data of late blight-resistant potato genotype SD20 treated by ethylene (ET), jasmonate (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and Phytophthora infestans CN152 was analyzed to assess the role of the ET/JA/SA regulatory network in plant disease resistance and defense and predict key resistant genes. The results show that there was significant crossover of differentially expressed genes among all treatments, and common and specific plant disease interaction genes for the ET, JA, and SA treatments were differentially expressed in the CN152 treatment. The resistance and defense genes of the potato genotype SD20 could be induced to regulate metabolic and hormone signaling pathways by alternative splicing in all treatments. Further analysis found that JA and ET pathways can work together synergistically. JA/ET and SA pathways antagonize each other to initiate the expression of calmodulin-domain protein kinases and calmodulin/calmodulin-like and RPM1-interacting protein 4 genes, and they activate HSP-mediated hypersensitive response and defense-related genes. Meanwhile, nine defense genes, including wound-responsive AP2-like factor, glutathione-s-transferase, serine/threonine-protein kinase BRI1, and Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly elicited protein genes, were obtained using weighted gene coexpression network analysis, which provided reliable targets for functional verification. This study provides a theoretical reference for the comprehensive application of plant hormones to improve resistance to potato late blight disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Yan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yinqiao Jian
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Shaoguang Duan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Vegetable Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Molecular Biology Key Laboratory of Shandong Facility Vegetable, National Vegetable Improvement Center Shandong Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Vegetable Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Molecular Biology Key Laboratory of Shandong Facility Vegetable, National Vegetable Improvement Center Shandong Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Guangcun Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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Nam YW, Downey M, Rahman MA, Cui M, Zhang M. Channelopathy of small- and intermediate-conductance Ca 2+-activated K + channels. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:259-267. [PMID: 35715699 PMCID: PMC9889811 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Small- and intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa2.x/KCa3.1 also called SK/IK) channels are gated exclusively by intracellular Ca2+. The Ca2+ binding protein calmodulin confers sub-micromolar Ca2+ sensitivity to the channel-calmodulin complex. The calmodulin C-lobe is constitutively associated with the proximal C-terminus of the channel. Interactions between calmodulin N-lobe and the channel S4-S5 linker are Ca2+-dependent, which subsequently trigger conformational changes in the channel pore and open the gate. KCNN genes encode four subtypes, including KCNN1 for KCa2.1 (SK1), KCNN2 for KCa2.2 (SK2), KCNN3 for KCa2.3 (SK3), and KCNN4 for KCa3.1 (IK). The three KCa2.x channel subtypes are expressed in the central nervous system and the heart. The KCa3.1 subtype is expressed in the erythrocytes and the lymphocytes, among other peripheral tissues. The impact of dysfunctional KCa2.x/KCa3.1 channels on human health has not been well documented. Human loss-of-function KCa2.2 mutations have been linked with neurodevelopmental disorders. Human gain-of-function mutations that increase the apparent Ca2+ sensitivity of KCa2.3 and KCa3.1 channels have been associated with Zimmermann-Laband syndrome and hereditary xerocytosis, respectively. This review article discusses the physiological significance of KCa2.x/KCa3.1 channels, the pathophysiology of the diseases linked with KCa2.x/KCa3.1 mutations, the structure-function relationship of the mutant KCa2.x/KCa3.1 channels, and potential pharmacological therapeutics for the KCa2.x/KCa3.1 channelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Woo Nam
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Myles Downey
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Mohammad Asikur Rahman
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University School of Pharmacy, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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Wang H, Feng M, Zhong X, Yu Q, Que Y, Xu L, Guo J. Identification of Saccharum CaM gene family and function characterization of ScCaM1 during cold and oxidant exposure in Pichia pastoris. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:103-122. [PMID: 35608775 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calmodulin (CaM) plays an essential role in binding calcium ions and mediating the interpretation of Ca2+ signals in plants under various stresses. However, the evolutionary relationship of CaM family proteins in Saccharum has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE To deduce and explore the evolution and function of Saccharum CaM family. METHODS A total of 104 typical CaMs were obtained from Saccharum spontaneum and other 18 plant species. The molecular characteristics and evolution of those CaM proteins were analyzed. A typical CaM gene, ScCaM1, was subsequently cloned from sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid). Its expression patterns in different tissues and under various abiotic stresses were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Then the green fluorescent protein was used to determine the subcellular localization of ScCaM1. Finally, the function of ScCaM1 was evaluated via heterologous yeast expression systems. RESULTS Three typical CaM members (SsCaM1, SsCaM2, and SsCaM3) were identified from the S. spontaneum genome database. CaMs were originated from the two last common ancestors before the origin of angiosperms. The number of CaM family members did not correlate to the genome size but correlated with allopolyploidization events. The ScCaM1 was more highly expressed in buds and roots than in other tissues. The expression patterns of ScCaM1 suggested that it was involved in responses to various abiotic stresses in sugarcane via different hormonal signaling pathways. Noteworthily, its expression levels appeared relatively stable during the cold exposure in the cold-tolerant variety but significantly suppressed in the cold-susceptible variety. Moreover, the recombinant yeast (Pichia pastoris) overexpressing ScCaM1 grew better than the wild-type yeast strain under cold and oxidative stresses. It was revealed that the ScCaM1 played a positive role in reactive oxygen species scavenging and conferred enhanced cold and oxidative stress tolerance to cells. CONCLUSION This study provided comprehensive information on the CaM gene family in Saccharum and would facilitate further investigation of their functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Meichang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jinlong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Liu Y, Chen W, Liu L, Su Y, Li Y, Jia W, Jiao B, Wang J, Yang F, Dong F, Chai J, Zhao H, Lv M, Li Y, Zhou S. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calmodulin and calmodulin-like genes in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Signal Behav 2022; 17:2013646. [PMID: 35034573 PMCID: PMC8959510 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.2013646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) genes are widely involved in plant growth and development and mediating plant stress tolerance. However, the whole genome scale studies about CaM and CML gene families have not been done in wheat, and the possible functions of most wheat CaM/CML gene members are still unknown. In this study, a total of 18 TaCaM and 230 TaCML gene members were identified in wheat genome. Among these genes, 28 TaCaM/CML gene members have 74 duplicated copies, while 21 genes have 48 transcript variants, resulting in 321 putative TaCaM/CML transcripts totally. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that they can be classified into 7 subfamilies. Similar gene structures and protein domains can be found in members of the same gene cluster. The TaCaM/CML genes were spread among all 21 chromosomes with unbalanced distributions, while most of the gene clusters contained 3 homoeologous genes located in the same homoeologous chromosome group. Synteny analysis showed that most of TaCaM/CMLs gene members can be found with 1-4 paralogous genes in T. turgidum and Ae. Tauschii. High numbers of cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and stress responses can be observed in the promoters of TaCaM/CMLs. The spatiotemporal expression patterns showed that most of the TaCaM/TaCML genes can be detected in at least one tissue. The expression levels of TaCML17, 21, 30, 50, 59 and 75 in the root or shoot can be up-regulated by abiotic stresses, suggesting that TaCML17, 21, 30, 50, 59 and 75 may be related with responses to abiotic stresses in wheat. The spatiotemporal expression patterns of TaCaM/CML genes indicated they may be involved widely in wheat growth and development. Our results provide important clues for exploring functions of TaCaMs/CMLs in growth and development as well as responses to abiotic stresses in wheat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenye Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | - Yuhuan Su
- Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Hebei Seed Station, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weizhe Jia
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fushuang Dong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianfang Chai
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - He Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengyu Lv
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanyi Li
- NCPC GeneTech Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Plant Genetic Engineering Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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McCoy MD, Ullah A, Lederer WJ, Jafri MS. Understanding Calmodulin Variants Affecting Calcium-Dependent Inactivation of L-Type Calcium Channels through Whole-Cell Simulation of the Cardiac Ventricular Myocyte. Biomolecules 2022; 13:72. [PMID: 36671457 PMCID: PMC9855640 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the calcium-sensing protein calmodulin (CaM) have been linked to two cardiac arrhythmia diseases, Long QT Syndrome 14 (LQT14) and Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Type 4 (CPVT4), with varying degrees of severity. Functional characterization of the CaM mutants most strongly associated with LQT14 show a clear disruption of the calcium-dependent inactivation (CDI) of the L-Type calcium channel (LCC). CPVT4 mutants on the other hand are associated with changes in their affinity to the ryanodine receptor. In clinical studies, some variants have been associated with both CPVT4 and LQT15. This study uses simulations in a model for excitation-contraction coupling in the rat ventricular myocytes to understand how LQT14 variant might give the functional phenotype similar to CPVT4. Changing the CaM-dependent transition rate by a factor of 0.75 corresponding to the D96V variant and by a factor of 0.90 corresponding to the F142L or N98S variants, in a physiologically based stochastic model of the LCC prolonger, the action potential duration changed by a small amount in a cardiac myocyte but did not disrupt CICR at 1, 2, and 4 Hz. Under beta-adrenergic simulation abnormal excitation-contraction coupling was observed above 2 Hz pacing for the mutant CaM. The same conditions applied under beta-adrenergic stimulation led to the rapid onset of arrhythmia in the mutant CaM simulations. Simulations with the LQT14 mutations under the conditions of rapid pacing with beta-adrenergic stimulation drives the cardiac myocyte toward an arrhythmic state known as Ca2+ overload. These simulations provide a mechanistic link to a disease state for LQT14-associated mutations in CaM to yield a CPVT4 phenotype. The results show that small changes to the CaM-regulated inactivation of LCC promote arrhythmia and underscore the significance of CDI in proper heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. McCoy
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Aman Ullah
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - W. Jonathan Lederer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 20201, USA
| | - M. Saleet Jafri
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 20201, USA
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Lin L, Jiang H, Hadiatullah H, Ma R, Korza H, Gu Y, Yuchi Z. Calmodulin Modulation of Insect Ryanodine Receptors. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:16156-16163. [PMID: 36524829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptor (RyR) is a giant calcium release channel located on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we report the regulation of RyRs from two major agricultural pests, diamondback moth and fall armyworm, by insect calmodulin (CaM). The recombinantly expressed full-length insect RyR could be pulled down by insect CaM in the presence of Ca2+, but the efficiency is lower compared to rabbit RyR1 and insect RyR with the CaM-binding domain (CaMBD) replaced by rabbit RyR1 sequence. Interestingly, the enhanced binding of CaM in the mutant insect RyR resulted in an increased sensitivity to the diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole (CHL), suggesting that this CaM-CaMBD interface could be targeted by potential synergists acting as molecular glue. The thermodynamics of the binding between insect CaM and CaMBD was characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry, and the key residues responsible for the insect-specific regulation were identified through mutagenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyun Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Hadiatullah Hadiatullah
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Ruifang Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Henryk Korza
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, BerkshireRG42 6EY, UK
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, BerkshireRG42 6EY, UK
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou341000, China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin300072, China
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Mantilla G, Peréz-Gordones MC, Cisneros-Montufar S, Benaim G, Navarro JC, Mendoza M, Ramírez-Iglesias JR. Structural Analysis and Diversity of Calmodulin-Binding Domains in Membrane and Intracellular Ca2+-ATPases. J Membr Biol 2022; 256:159-174. [PMID: 36454258 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane and autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPases contribute to the Ca2+ homeostasis in a wide variety of organisms. The enzymatic activity of these pumps is stimulated by calmodulin, which interacts with the target protein through the calmodulin-binding domain (CaMBD). Most information about this region is related to all calmodulin modulated proteins, which indicates general chemical properties and there is no established relation between Ca2+ pump sequences and taxonomic classification. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform an in silico analysis of the CaMBD from several Ca2+-ATPases, in order to determine their diversity and to detect specific patterns and amino acid selection in different species. Patterns related to potential and confirmed CaMBD were detected using sequences retrieved from the literature. The occurrence of these patterns was determined across 120 sequences from 17 taxonomical classes, which were analyzed by a phylogenetic tree to establish phylogenetic groups. Predicted physicochemical characteristics including hydropathy and net charge were calculated for each group of sequences. 22 Ca2+-ATPases sequences from animals, unicellular eukaryotes, and plants were retrieved from bioinformatic databases. These sequences allow us to establish the Patterns 1(GQILWVRGLTRLQTQ), 3(KNPSLEALQRW), and 4(SRWRRLQAEHVKK), which are present at the beginning of putative CaMBD of metazoan, parasites, and land plants. A pattern 2 (IRVVNAFR) was consistently found at the end of most analyzed sequences. The amino acid preference in the CaMBDs changed depending on the phylogenetic groups, with predominance of several aliphatic and charged residues, to confer amphiphilic properties. The results here displayed show a conserved mechanism to contribute to the Ca2+ homeostasis across evolution and may help to detect putative CaMBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Génesis Mantilla
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity. Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador
| | - María C Peréz-Gordones
- Instituto de Biología Experimental (IBE), Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Soledad Cisneros-Montufar
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity. Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gustavo Benaim
- Instituto de Biología Experimental (IBE), Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
- Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Juan-Carlos Navarro
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity. Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador
- Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marta Mendoza
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos y Veterinarios, Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - José R Ramírez-Iglesias
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity. Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador.
- Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador.
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Liu C, Zhang J, Wang J, Liu W, Wang K, Chen X, Wen Y, Tian S, Pu Y, Fan G, Ma X, Sun X. Tobacco mosaic virus hijacks its coat protein-interacting protein IP-L to inhibit NbCML30, a calmodulin-like protein, to enhance its infection. Plant J 2022; 112:677-693. [PMID: 36087000 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is an important plant immune signal that is essential for activating host resistance, but how RNA viruses manipulate calcium signals to promote their infections remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein (CP)-interacting protein L (IP-L) associates with calmodulin-like protein 30 (NbCML30) in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and can suppress its expression at the nucleic acid and protein levels. NbCML30, which lacks the EF-hand conserved domain and cannot bind to Ca2+ , was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus and was downregulated by TMV infection. NbCML30 silencing promoted TMV infection, while its overexpression inhibited TMV infection by activating Ca2+ -dependent oxidative stress in plants. NbCML30-mediated resistance to TMV mainly depends on IP-L regulation as the facilitation of TMV infection by silencing NbCML30 was canceled by co-silencing NbCML30 and IP-L. Overall, these findings indicate that in the absence of any reported silencing suppressor activity, TMV CP manipulates IP-L to inhibit NbCML30, influencing its Ca2+ -dependent role in the oxidative stress response. These results lay a theoretical foundation that will enable us to engineer tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) with improved TMV resistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyun Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Weina Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Wen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaorui Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Yundan Pu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjin Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhou Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to find underlying genes and their interaction mechanism crucial to the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) by analyzing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PCOS and non-PCOS subjects. METHODS Gene expression data of PCOS and non-PCOS subjects were collected from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. GEO2R were used to calculating P value and logFC. The screening threshold of DEGs was P < .05 and | FC | ≥ 1.2. GO annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis was performed by using DAVID (2021 Update). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed by using the STRING database, and the hub genes were recognized through Hubba plugin of Cytoscape software. RESULTS PCOS and non-PCOS subjects shared a total of 174 DGEs, including 14 upregulated and 160 downregulated genes. The GO biological processes enriched by DEGs mainly involved actin cytoskeleton organization, positive regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway, and positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway. The DEGs were significantly enriched in cytoplasm, nucleus and cytosol. Their molecular functions mainly focused on protein binding, calmodulin binding and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis were highlighted as critical pathways enriched by DEGs. 10 hub genes were screened from the constructed PPI network, of which EGF, FN1 and TLR4 were mainly enriched in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION In this study, a total of 174 DEGs and 10 hub genes were identified as new candidate targets for insulin resistance (IR) in PCOS individuals, which may provide a new direction for developing novel treatment strategies for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuling Xing
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tiantian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Huijuan Ma, Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China (e-mail: )
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Chao L, Kim Y, Gilmour SJ, Thomashow MF. Temperature modulation of CAMTA3 gene induction activity is mediated through the DNA binding domain. Plant J 2022; 112:235-248. [PMID: 35960653 PMCID: PMC9826522 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana play a major role in cold acclimation, contributing to the rapid induction of the C-REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF) genes and other genes that impart freezing tolerance in plants exposed to cold temperature (4°C). The goal of this study was to better understand how the gene induction activity of CAMTA3 is modulated by temperature. Our results indicate that a severely truncated version of CAMTA3, CAMTA3334 , which includes the N-terminal CG-1 DNA binding domain and a newly identified transcriptional activation domain (TAD), was able to rapidly induce the expression of CBF2 and two newly identified target genes, EXPANSIN-LIKE A1 (EXPL1) and NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3 (NCED3), in response to cold temperature. Additionally, CAMTA3334 was able to restore freezing tolerance when expressed in a camta23 double mutant. The ability of CAMTA3 and CAMTA3334 to induce target genes at cold temperature did not involve increased levels of these proteins or increased binding of these proteins to target gene promoters in cold-treated plants. Rather, domain-swapping experiments indicated that the CAMTA3 CG-1 domain conferred temperature dependence to the ability of the CAMTA3 TAD to induce gene expression. The CG-1 domain also enabled the TAD to induce the expression of target genes at a moderate temperature (22°C) in response to cycloheximide treatment, consistent with the TAD activity not being intrinsically temperature dependent. We propose a working model in which the temperature modulation of CAMTA3 gene induction activity occurs independently from the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domains that previously have been proposed to activate CAMTA3 transcriptional activity in response to cold temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumen Chao
- MSU‐DOE Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- MSU Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Yongsig Kim
- MSU‐DOE Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- MSU Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Sarah J. Gilmour
- MSU‐DOE Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- MSU Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Michael F. Thomashow
- MSU‐DOE Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- MSU Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
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Xu CX, Zhang XY, Liu CY, Liu K, Bi HG, Ai XZ. [Alleviating effect of exogenous melatonin and calcium on the peroxidation damages of cucumber under high temperature stress]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2022; 33:2725-2735. [PMID: 36384608 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202210.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To explore whether there is an interaction between melatonin (MT) and calcium (Ca2+) in regulating heat tolerance of plants, we analyzed the response of endogenous MT and Ca2+ to heat stress, and examined the effect of MT and Ca2+ on the reactive oxygen (ROS) accumulation, antioxidant system, and transcripts of heat shock factor (HSF) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) of cucumber seedlings under high temperature stress. Seedlings were foliar sprayed with 100 μmol·L-1 MT, 10 mmol·L-1 CaCl2, 3 mmol·L-1 ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA, Ca2+ chelating agent) +100 μmol·L-1 MT, 0.05 mmol·L-1 chlorpromazine (calmodulin antagonist, CPZ) +100 μmol·L-1 MT, 100 μmol·L-1 p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA, inhibitor of MT) +10 mmol·L-1 CaCl2 or deionized water (H2O), respectively. The results showed that both endogenous MT and Ca2+ in cucumber seedlings were induced by high temperature stress. The seedlings treated with exogenous MT showed significant increases in the mRNA expression of calmodulin (CaM), calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK5), calcineurin B-like protein (CBL3) and CBL interacting protein kinase (CIPK2) compared with the control at normal temperature. The mRNA levels of tryptophane decarboxylase (TDC), 5-hydroxytryptamine-N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) and N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine methyltransferase (ASMT), key genes of MT biosynthesis and endogenous MT content were also induced by Ca2+ in cucumber seedlings. Exogenous MT and CaCl2 alleviated the heat-induced oxidative damage through increasing antioxidant ability, reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and upregulating the mRNA abundances of HSF7, HSP70.1 and HSP70.11, as evidenced by mild thermal damage symptoms, lower heat injury index and electrolyte leakage under heat stress. The positive effect of MT-induced antioxidant capacity and mRNA expression of HSPs was removed by adding EGTA and CPZ in stressed seedlings. Similarly, the mitigating role of Ca2+ in the peroxidation damage to high temperature stress was reversed by p-CPA. These results suggested that both MT and Ca2+ could induce heat tolerance of cucumber seedlings, which had crosstalk in the process of heat stress signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xiao Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province with High Quality and Efficient Production of Fruit and Vegetable, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province with High Quality and Efficient Production of Fruit and Vegetable, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chao-Yue Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province with High Quality and Efficient Production of Fruit and Vegetable, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province with High Quality and Efficient Production of Fruit and Vegetable, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Huan-Gai Bi
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province with High Quality and Efficient Production of Fruit and Vegetable, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xi-Zhen Ai
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province with High Quality and Efficient Production of Fruit and Vegetable, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
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Yu S, Wu J, Sun Y, Zhu H, Sun Q, Zhao P, Huang R, Guo Z. A calmodulin-like protein (CML10) interacts with cytosolic enzymes GSTU8 and FBA6 to regulate cold tolerance. Plant Physiol 2022; 190:1321-1333. [PMID: 35751606 PMCID: PMC9516781 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are calcium (Ca2+) sensors involved in plant growth and development as well as adaptation to environmental stresses; however, their roles in plant responses to cold are not well understood. To reveal the role of MsCML10 from alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in regulating cold tolerance, we examined transgenic alfalfa and Medicago truncatula overexpressing MsCML10, MsCML10-RNAi alfalfa, and a M. truncatula cml10-1 mutant and identified MsCML10-interacting proteins. MsCML10 and MtCML10 transcripts were induced by cold treatment. Upregulation or downregulation of MsCML10 resulted in increased or decreased cold tolerance, respectively, while cml10-1 showed decreased cold tolerance that was complemented by expressing MsCML10, suggesting that MsCML10 regulates cold tolerance. MsCML10 interacted with glutathione S-transferase (MsGSTU8) and fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase (MsFBA6), and the interaction depended on the presence of Ca2+. The altered activities of Glutathione S-transferase and FBA and levels of ROS and sugars were associated with MsCML10 transcript levels. We propose that MsCML10 decodes the cold-induced Ca2+ signal and regulates cold tolerance through activating MsGSTU8 and MsFBA6, leading to improved maintenance of ROS homeostasis and increased accumulation of sugars for osmoregulation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Yu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiguo Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Risheng Huang
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Liu H, Wang Q, Wang J, Liu Y, Renzeng W, Zhao G, Niu K. Key factors for differential drought tolerance in two contrasting wild materials of Artemisia wellbyi identified using comparative transcriptomics. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:445. [PMID: 36114467 PMCID: PMC9482295 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is a significant condition that restricts vegetation growth on the Tibetan Plateau. Artemisia wellbyi is a unique semi-shrub-like herb in the family Compositae, which distributed in northern and northwest of Tibetan Plateau. It is a dominant species in the community that can well adapt to virous environment stress, such as drought and low temperature. Therefore, A. wellbyi. has a potential ecological value for soil and water conservation of drought areas. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of A. wellbyi. that defense drought stress can acquire the key genes for drought resistance breeding of A. wellbyi. and provide a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration of desertification area. However, they remain unclear. Thus, our study compared the transcriptomic characteristics of drought-tolerant "11" and drought-sensitive "6" material of A. wellbyi under drought stress. RESULTS A total of 4875 upregulated and 4381 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were induced by drought in the tolerant material; however, only 1931 upregulated and 4174 downregulated DEGs were induced by drought in the sensitive material. The photosynthesis and transcriptional regulation differed significantly with respect to the DEGs number and expression level. We found that CDPKs (calmodulin-like domain protein kinases), SOS3 (salt overly sensitive3), MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades), RLKs (receptor like kinase), and LRR-RLKs (repeat leucine-rich receptor kinase) were firstly involved in response to drought stress in drought tolerant A. wellbyi. Positive regulation of genes associated with the metabolism of ABA (abscisic acid), ET (ethylene), and IAA (indole acetic acid) could play a crucial role in the interaction with other transcriptional regulatory factors, such as MYBs (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog), AP2/EREBPs (APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding protein family), WRKYs, and bHLHs (basic helix-loop-helix family members) and receptor kinases, and regulate downstream genes for defense against drought stress. In addition, HSP70 (heat shock protein70) and MYB73 were considered as the hub genes because of their strong association with other DEGs. CONCLUSIONS Positive transcriptional regulation and negative regulation of photosynthesis could be associated with better growth performance under drought stress in the drought-tolerant material. In addition, the degradation of sucrose and starch in the tolerant A. wellbyi to alleviate osmotic stress and balance excess ROS. These results highlight the candidate genes that are involved in enhancing the performance of drought-tolerant A. wellbyi and provide a theoretical basis for improving the performance of drought-resistant A. wellbyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Tibet Grassland Science Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000 China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Tibet Grassland Science Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000 China
| | - Wangdui Renzeng
- Tibet Grassland Science Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850000 China
| | - Guiqin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Kuiju Niu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystems, College of Grassland Science, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
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Bauer CK, Holling T, Horn D, Laço MN, Abdalla E, Omar OM, Alawi M, Kutsche K. Clinically Relevant KCNQ1 Variants Causing KCNQ1-KCNE2 Gain-of-Function Affect the Ca2+ Sensitivity of the Channel. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179690. [PMID: 36077086 PMCID: PMC9456291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant KCNQ1 variants are well-known for underlying cardiac arrhythmia syndromes. The two heterozygous KCNQ1 missense variants, R116L and P369L, cause an allelic disorder characterized by pituitary hormone deficiency and maternally inherited gingival fibromatosis. Increased K+ conductance upon co-expression of KCNQ1 mutant channels with the beta subunit KCNE2 is suggested to underlie the phenotype; however, the reason for KCNQ1-KCNE2 (Q1E2) channel gain-of-function is unknown. We aimed to discover the genetic defect in a single individual and three family members with gingival overgrowth and identified the KCNQ1 variants P369L and V185M, respectively. Patch-clamp experiments demonstrated increased constitutive K+ conductance of V185M-Q1E2 channels, confirming the pathogenicity of the novel variant. To gain insight into the pathomechanism, we examined all three disease-causing KCNQ1 mutants. Manipulation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration prior to and during whole-cell recordings identified an impaired Ca2+ sensitivity of the mutant KCNQ1 channels. With low Ca2+, wild-type KCNQ1 currents were efficiently reduced and exhibited a pre-pulse-dependent cross-over of current traces and a high-voltage-activated component. These features were absent in mutant KCNQ1 channels and in wild-type channels co-expressed with calmodulin and exposed to high intracellular Ca2+. Moreover, co-expression of calmodulin with wild-type Q1E2 channels and loading the cells with high Ca2+ drastically increased Q1E2 current amplitudes, suggesting that KCNE2 normally limits the resting Q1E2 conductance by an increased demand for calcified calmodulin to achieve effective channel opening. Our data link impaired Ca2+ sensitivity of the KCNQ1 mutants R116L, V185M and P369L to Q1E2 gain-of-function that is associated with a particular KCNQ1 channelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane K. Bauer
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Tess Holling
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Department of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mário Nôro Laço
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ebtesam Abdalla
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5422031, Egypt
- Genetics Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo 4460015, Egypt
| | - Omneya Magdy Omar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5422031, Egypt
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Forero-Forero A, López-Ramírez S, Felix R, Hernández-Sánchez J, Tesoro-Cruz E, Orozco-Suárez S, Murbartián J, Soria-Castro E, Olivares A, Bekker-Méndez C, Paredes-Cervantes V, Oviedo N. Down Regulation of Catsper1 Expression by Calmodulin Inhibitor (Calmidazolium): Possible Implications for Fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158070. [PMID: 35897646 PMCID: PMC9331981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CatSper channel localizes exclusively in the flagella of sperm cells. The Catsper1 protein, together with three pore units, is essential for the CatSper Channel formation, which produces flagellum hyperactivation and confers sperm fertility. Catsper1 expression is dependent on Sox transcription factors, which can recognize in vitro at least three Sox binding sites on the promoter. Sox transcription factors have calmodulin-binding domains for nuclear importation. Calmodulin (CaM) is affected by the specific inhibitor calmidazolium (CMZ), which prevents the nuclear transport of Sox factors. In this work, we assess the regulation of the Catsper1 promoter in vivo by Sox factors in the murine testis and evaluate the effects of the inhibitor calmidazolium on the expression of the Casper genes, and the motility and fertility of the sperm. Catsper1 promoter has significant transcriptional activity in vivo; on the contrary, three Sox site mutants in the Catsper1 promoter reduced transcriptional activity in the testis. CaM inhibition affects Sox factor nuclear transport and has notable implications in the expression and production of Catsper1, as well as in the motility and fertility capability of sperm. The molecular mechanism described here might conform to the basis of a male contraceptive strategy acting at the transcriptional level by affecting the production of the CatSper channel, a fundamental piece of male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Forero-Forero
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Departamento de Biología Celular, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (A.F.-F.); (R.F.)
| | - Stephany López-Ramírez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital General de Zona Núm. 68, Ecatepec 55400, Mexico;
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Departamento de Biología Celular, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (A.F.-F.); (R.F.)
| | - Javier Hernández-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - Emiliano Tesoro-Cruz
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Ciudad de México 02990, Mexico; (E.T.-C.); (C.B.-M.); (V.P.-C.)
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Centro Médico Nacional siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Janet Murbartián
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN), Sede sur, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Ciudad de México 14330, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chavéz”, Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Aleida Olivares
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, Ciudad de México 01090, Mexico;
| | - Carolina Bekker-Méndez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Ciudad de México 02990, Mexico; (E.T.-C.); (C.B.-M.); (V.P.-C.)
| | - Vladimir Paredes-Cervantes
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Ciudad de México 02990, Mexico; (E.T.-C.); (C.B.-M.); (V.P.-C.)
| | - Norma Oviedo
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Hospital de Infectología del Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología e Infectología, Ciudad de México 02990, Mexico; (E.T.-C.); (C.B.-M.); (V.P.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5557821088 (ext. 24315)
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Takagi K, Tasaki K, Komori H, Katou S. Hypersensitivity-Related Genes HSR201 and HSR203J Are Regulated by Calmodulin-Binding Protein 60-Type Transcription Factors and Required for Pathogen Signal-Induced Salicylic Acid Synthesis. Plant Cell Physiol 2022; 63:1008-1022. [PMID: 35671166 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a key role in plant resistance to pathogens. In Arabidopsis, the isochorismate synthase pathway mainly contributes to pathogen-induced SA synthesis, and the expression of SA synthesis genes is activated by two calmodulin (CaM)-binding protein 60 (CBP60)-type transcription factors, CBP60g and SARD1. In tobacco, the mechanisms underlying SA synthesis remain largely unknown. SA production is induced by wounding in tobacco plants in which the expression of two stress-related mitogen-activated protein kinases is suppressed. Using this phenomenon, we identified genes whose expression is associated with SA synthesis. One of the genes, NtCBP60g, showed 23% amino acid sequence identity with CBP60g. Transient overexpression of NtCBP60g as well as NtSARD1, a tobacco homolog of SARD1, induced SA accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. NtCBP60g and NtSARD1 bound CaM, and CaM enhanced SA accumulation induced by NtCBP60g and NtSARD1. Conversely, mutations in NtCBP60g and NtSARD1 that abolished CaM binding reduced their ability to induce SA. Expression profiling and promoter analysis identified two hypersensitivity-related genes, HSR201 and HSR203J as the targets of NtCBP60g and NtSARD1. Virus-induced gene silencing of both NtCBP60g and NtSARD1 homologs compromised SA accumulation and the expression of HSR201 and HSR203J homologs, which were induced by a pathogen-derived elicitor in N. benthamiana leaves. Moreover, elicitor-induced SA accumulation was compromised by silencing of the HSR201 homolog and the HSR203J homolog. These results suggested that HSR201 and HSR203J are regulated by NtCBP60g and NtSARD1 and are required for elicitor-induced SA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Takagi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 399-4598 Japan
| | - Kosuke Tasaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 399-4598 Japan
| | - Hirotomo Komori
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 399-4598 Japan
| | - Shinpei Katou
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, 399-4598 Japan
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48
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Heyer M, Scholz SS, Reichelt M, Kunert G, Oelmüller R, Mithöfer A. The Ca 2+ sensor proteins CML37 and CML42 antagonistically regulate plant stress responses by altering phytohormone signals. Plant Mol Biol 2022; 109:611-625. [PMID: 34468901 PMCID: PMC9213386 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin-like-proteins (CML) belong to a family of calcium-sensing proteins that are unique for plants and involved in many different developmental and stress-related reactions. In defense against herbivory, some pathogens and drought, CML37 acts as a positive and CML42 as a negative regulator, respectively. We provide evidence that both CMLs act antagonistically in the regulation of induced defense responses. A double knock-out line, cml37 x cml42, thus shows wild-type phenotypes upon all kind of stresses we used. A transient increase in the cytosolic calcium concentration is one of the first reactions that can be measured in plant cells upon abiotic as well as biotic stress treatments. These calcium signals are sensed by calcium binding proteins such as calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), which transduce the sensed information into appropriate stress responses by interacting with downstream target proteins. In previous studies, CML37 has been shown to positively regulate the plants' defense against both the insect herbivore Spodoptera littoralis and the response to drought stress. In contrast, CML42 is known to negatively regulate those two stress responses. Here, we provide evidence that these two CMLs act antagonistically in the regulation of induced responses directed against drought and herbivory stress as well as in the defense against the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Both CMLs shape the plant reactions by altering the phytohormone signaling. Consequently, the phytohormone-regulated production of defensive compounds like glucosinolates is also antagonistically mediated by both CMLs. The finding that CML37 and CML42 have antagonistic roles in diverse stress-related responses suggests that these calcium sensor proteins represent important tools for the plant to balance and fine-tune the signaling and downstream reactions upon environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Heyer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra S Scholz
- Department for Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Grit Kunert
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department for Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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49
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Ying S, Scheible W. A novel calmodulin-interacting Domain of Unknown Function 506 protein represses root hair elongation in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:1796-1812. [PMID: 35312071 PMCID: PMC9314033 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Domain of Unknown Function 506 proteins are ubiquitous in plants. The phosphorus (P) stress-inducible REPRESSOR OF EXCESSIVE ROOT HAIR GROWTH1 (AtRXR1) gene encodes the first characterized DUF506. AtRXR1 inhibits root hair elongation by interacting with RabD2c GTPase. However, functions of other P-responsive DUF506 genes are still missing. Here, we selected two additional P-inducible DUF506 genes for further investigation. The expression of both genes was induced by auxin. Under P-stress, At3g07350 gene expressed ubiquitously in seedlings, whereas At1g62420 (AtRXR3) expression was strongest in roots. AtRXR3 overexpressors and knockouts had shorter and longer root hairs, respectively. A functional AtRXR3-green fluorescent protein fusion localized to root epidermal cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed that AtRXR3 was transcriptionally activated by RSL4. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and calmodulin (CaM)-binding assays showed that AtRXR3 interacted with CaM in the presence of Ca2+ . Moreover, cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]cyt ) oscillations in root hairs of rxr3 mutants exhibited elevated frequencies and dampened amplitudes compared to those of wild type. Thus, AtRXR3 is another DUF506 protein that attenuates P-limitation-induced root hair growth through mechanisms that involve RSL4 and interaction with CaM to modulate tip-focused [Ca2+ ]cyt oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ying
- Noble Research Institute LLCArdmoreOklahomaUSA
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50
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Zeng H, Wu H, Wang G, Dai S, Zhu Q, Chen H, Yi K, Du L. Arabidopsis CAMTA3/SR1 is involved in drought stress tolerance and ABA signaling. Plant Sci 2022; 319:111250. [PMID: 35487659 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin signals are important for various cellular and physiological activities in plants. Calmodulin binding transcription activators also named Signal Responsive (SR) proteins belong to an important calcium/calmodulin-dependent transcription factor family that plays critical roles in stress responses. However, the role of SRs in abscisic acid (ABA) regulated plant responses to drought stress is largely unknown. Here, we characterized the role of Arabidopsis SR1 in drought stress tolerance and ABA response by analyzing the phenotypes of SR1 knockout and SR1-overexpression plants. sr1 mutants which accumulate salicylic acid (SA) were found more sensitive to drought stress and showed a higher water loss rate as compared with wild-type. By contrast, SR1-overexpression lines exhibited increased drought tolerance and less water loss than wild-type. Furthermore, sr1 mutants showed reduced ABA response in seed germination, root elongation, and stomatal closure, while SR1-overexpression lines displayed more sensitive to ABA than wild-type. In addition, the drought-sensitive and ABA-insensitive phenotypes of sr1 mutants were recovered by diminishing SA accumulation via knockouts of SA synthesizer ICS1 or activator PAD4, or through expression of SA-degrading enzyme NahG. Some drought/ABA-responsive genes exhibited differentially expressed in sr1 mutants and SR1-overexpression plants. These results suggest that SR1 plays a positive role in drought stress tolerance and ABA response, and drought/ABA responses are antagonized by SA accumulation that is negatively regulated by SR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Haicheng Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Senhuan Dai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qiuqing Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; Kharkiv Institute at Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Keke Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liqun Du
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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