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Sun Y, Zhang D, Liu H, Ruan C, Dou X, Ren Z, Ge Z, Du Z, Jin H, Li D, Xue H, Liu W, Chen Z, Wang Q. The first reported cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from domestic sick camel to humans in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2309990. [PMID: 38269573 PMCID: PMC10860415 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2309990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease with an increasing annual incidence rate. In this case report, we presented two patients infected with the SFTS virus, suggesting a potential direct transmission route from camels to humans through blood contact. Both patients developed symptoms after engaging in the slaughtering of one sick camel, while their family members living in the same environment or co-diners remained unaffected. Subsequent detection revealed a high viral load of SFTS virus, reaching 1010 viral RNA copies/ml, in the sample obtained from the sick camel. Metagenomic sequencing did not identify any other pathogens. The SFTS virus was successfully isolated from both patient and camel samples. The complete nucleotide sequences obtained from the infected patients demonstrated a remarkable 100% similarity to those found in the camel, and genetic evolution analysis classified the virus as genotype A. Additionally, partial sequences of the SFTS virus were identified in ticks captured from the camel rearing environment, however, these sequences showed only 95.9% similarity to those found in camel and humans. Furthermore, immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies were detected in serum samples collected from the patient. Our findings provide evidence that camel may serve as a competent reservoir for transmitting the SFTS virus to humans. Further in vitro investigations into SFTS virus infections in large animals are warranted to understand their role in viral maintenance and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Sun
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daitao Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlai Ruan
- Beijing Pinggu District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Dou
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyong Ren
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziruo Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Du
- Beijing Pinggu District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyuan Jin
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Xue
- Beijing Pinggu District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Asghari A, Yousefi A, Badali R, Mohammadi MR, Shamsi L, Maleki F, Bahrami AM. First molecular subtyping and zoonotic significance of Blastocystis sp. in Dromedary (C. dromedarius) and Bactrian (C. bactrianus) camels in Iran: A molecular epidemiology and review of available literature. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1442. [PMID: 38578271 PMCID: PMC10996919 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blastocystis sp. is a zoonotic protozoan parasite, and there is limited information about its molecular prevalence and subtypes (STs) distribution in camels globally, especially in Iran. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the prevalence, STs distribution, and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis sp. in one-humped and two-humped camels in Ardabil province, northwestern Iran. METHODS A PCR-sequencing tool using the SSU rRNA gene was employed to examine the occurrence and genetic variation of Blastocystis sp. in 150 faecal samples from Bactrian (Camelus bactrianus, 50 samples) and Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius, 100 samples) camels in Ardabil province. RESULTS The overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in camels was determined to be 12% (18/150) through microscopy and PCR analyses. Phylogenetically, this study identified three distinct zoonotic STs: ST7, ST10, and ST14. ST10 was the most prevalent, comprising 50% (9/18) of the isolated STs from camels. ST14 closely followed with 38.9% (7/18), while ST7 made up 11.1% (2/18) of the total STs. In brief, ST10, ST14, and ST7 represented 50% (7/14), 35.7% (5/14), and 14.3% (2/14) of the Blastocystis-positive cases in one-humped camels, respectively. Further, each of the ST10 and ST14 accounted for 50% (2/4) of the Blastocystis-positive samples in two-humped camels. An analysis of the available data reveals that out of the 37-44 identified Blastocystis STs, 15 (ST1-ST7, ST10, ST14, ST15, ST21, ST24, ST25, ST26, and ST30) have been reported in camels. The predominant STs observed are ST10 and ST14. Furthermore, among the 15 zoonotic STs (ST1-ST10, ST12-ST14, ST16, and ST23) of Blastocystis reported thus far, nine zoonotic STs (ST1-ST7, ST10, and ST14) have been found in camels. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that camels serve as a proper reservoir for a diverse array of Blastocystis STs and thereby can play a significant role in the transmission of this protozoan infection to humans, animals, and water reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asghari
- Zoonoses Research CenterArdabil University of Medical SciencesArdabilIran
| | | | - Roya Badali
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | | | - Laya Shamsi
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Pathobiology, Urmia UniversityUrmiaIran
| | - Farajolah Maleki
- Clinical Research Development UnitShahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
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Hou B, Wang H, Jiang N, Haosi B, Hasi S. Establishment of the HPLC fluorescence detection method for plasma trace ivermectin and its pharmacokinetics in Bactrian camel. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1447. [PMID: 38613174 PMCID: PMC11015068 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Ivermectin (IVM), a widely used veterinary anthelmintic, lacks recommended doses for Bactrian camels. This study aims to establish its pharmacokinetics in Bactrian camels, comparing with other livestock. METHODS A method for high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection of IVM in plasma was developed. RESULTS IVM exhibited linear scaling (y = 0.6946x + 0.0088, R2 = 0.9988) within 0.025-5 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 25.00 pg/mL, high recovery (>70%) and low RSD (<7%). In Bactrian camels, IVM injection showed a low Cmax, extended Tmax and apparent secondary absorption compared to cattle and sheep. CONCLUSIONS Slow absorption and widespread distribution were observed, with peak concentration and area under the curve correlating positively with the dose. This study provides insights into IVM pharmacokinetics in Bactrian camels, informing dose determination and highlighting potential metabolic differences compared to other livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary MedicineInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Tongliao Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesTongliaoChina
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary MedicineInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Bilige Haosi
- Inner Mongolia Tenghetai Camel Industry Co., LtdBayannurChina
| | - Surong Hasi
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary MedicineInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhotChina
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Kholousi Adab F, Mehdi Yaghoobi M, Gharechahi J. Enhanced crystalline cellulose degradation by a novel metagenome-derived cellulase enzyme. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8560. [PMID: 38609443 PMCID: PMC11014956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metagenomics has revolutionized access to genomic information of microorganisms inhabiting the gut of herbivorous animals, circumventing the need for their isolation and cultivation. Exploring these microorganisms for novel hydrolytic enzymes becomes unattainable without utilizing metagenome sequencing. In this study, we harnessed a suite of bioinformatic analyses to discover a novel cellulase-degrading enzyme from the camel rumen metagenome. Among the protein-coding sequences containing cellulase-encoding domains, we identified and subsequently cloned and purified a promising candidate cellulase enzyme, Celcm05-2, to a state of homogeneity. The enzyme belonged to GH5 subfamily 4 and exhibited robust enzymatic activity under acidic pH conditions. It maintained hydrolytic activity under various environmental conditions, including the presence of metal ions, non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100, organic solvents, and varying temperatures. With an optimal temperature of 40 °C, Celcm05-2 showcased remarkable efficiency when deployed on crystalline cellulose (> 3.6 IU/mL), specifically Avicel, thereby positioning it as an attractive candidate for a myriad of biotechnological applications spanning biofuel production, paper and pulp processing, and textile manufacturing. Efficient biodegradation of waste paper pulp residues and the evidence of biopolishing suggested that Celcm05-2 can be used in the bioprocessing of cellulosic craft fabrics in the textile industry. Our findings suggest that the camel rumen microbiome can be mined for novel cellulase enzymes that can find potential applications across diverse biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Kholousi Adab
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Yaghoobi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Javad Gharechahi
- Human Genetic Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Morsi R, Ghoudi K, Ayyash MM, Jiang X, Meetani MA. Detection of 11 carbamate pesticide residues in raw and pasteurized camel milk samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: Method development, method validation, and health risk assessment. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1916-1927. [PMID: 37923201 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to use ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer to detect 11 carbamate pesticide residues in raw and pasteurized camel milk samples collected from the United Arab Emirates. A method was developed and validated by evaluating limits of detection, limits of quantitation, linearity, extraction recovery, repeatability, intermediate precision, and matrix effect. Due to the high protein and fat content in camel milk, a sample preparation step was necessary to avoid potential interference during analysis. For this purpose, 5 different liquid-liquid extraction techniques were evaluated to determine their efficiency in extracting carbamate pesticides from camel milk. The established method demonstrated high accuracy and precision. The matrix effect for all carbamate pesticides was observed to fall within the soft range, indicating its negligible effect. Remarkably, detection limits for all carbamates were as low as 0.01 μg/kg. Additionally, the coefficients of determination were >0.998, demonstrating excellent linearity. A total of 17 camel milk samples were analyzed, and only one sample was found to be free from any carbamate residues. The remaining 16 samples contained at least one carbamate residue, yet all detected concentrations were below the recommended maximum residue limits set by Codex Alimentarius and the European Union pesticide databases. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that the detected levels of ethiofencarb in 3 samples were close to the borderline of the maximum residue limit. To assess the health risk for consumers of camel milk, the hazard index values of carbofuran, carbaryl, and propoxur were calculated. The hazard index values for these 3 carbamate pesticides were all below 1, indicating that camel milk consumers are not at risk from these residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Morsi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kilani Ghoudi
- Department of Statics, College of Business and Economics, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mutamed M Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Food and Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xiue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Mohammed A Meetani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Abdelazez A, Melak S, Abdelmotaal H, Alshehry G, Al-Jumayi H, Algarni E, Meng XC. Potential antimicrobial activity of camel milk as a traditional functional food against foodborne pathogens in vivo and in vitro. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2024; 30:239-250. [PMID: 36617793 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221146322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Therefore, strategies focused on functional foods are urgently required to tackle this issue. As a result, camel milk is one of the most important traditional functional foods since it contains a variety of bioactive components, which all have antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens. The study aims to investigate the potential antimicrobial activity of raw camel milk against foodborne pathogens in both in vitro agar well diffusion and infected mice, especially Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli, particularly in societies that rely on consuming camel milk in its raw form. A total of eighty C57BL/6 mice were divided into ten groups and gavaged with or without camel milk for two consecutive weeks. A blood plasma analysis and serum insulin levels were measured. Histological investigations of the liver, pancreas, kidney, spleen, lung and testicles were also performed. In both in vivo and in vitro studies when compared to other pathogenic bacteria, E. coli was the most affected by raw camel milk, with a significant clear zone of 2.9 ± 0.13 cm in vitro and in all measured parameters in vivo (p < 0.05). As a result, we advocated for further research to improve camel breeding, raise milk yield and extend its reproductive capability as one of the most important farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Abdelazez
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Microbe and Host Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif Melak
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdelmotaal
- Institute of Microbe and Host Health, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water, Environment, and Microbiology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Garsa Alshehry
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Al-Jumayi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Algarni
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiang-Chen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Boushaki D, Adel A, Dia ML, Madani H, Geerts M, Bebronne N, Brihoum BA, Kechemir Issad N, Büscher P. A Survey on Trypanosoma evansi (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) Infection in Domestic Animals in a Surra Endemic Area of Southern Algeria. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:219-225. [PMID: 38416509 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Trypanosoma (T.) evansi infection is endemic in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries) of southern Algeria. Materials and Methods: In order to assess the presence of T. evansi in other domestic animals living together with dromedary camels, a study was conducted in the wilayate of Béchar, El Bayadh, Ouargla and Tamanrasset, between 2015 and 2017. Authorisation to conduct the survey was obtained from the Direction des Services Vétérinaires (DSV, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries). A total of 190 animals were sampled, including 42 cattle (Bos taurus), 11 dogs (Canis familiaris), 44 horses (Equus caballus), 3 donkeys (Equus asinus) and 1 mule, 49 goats (Capra hircus) and 40 sheep (Ovis aries). These animals were examined by parasitological (Giemsa stained thin smear, GST), serological (card agglutination test for trypanosomosis (CATT/T. evansi), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/Variant Surface Glycoprotein/Rode Trypanozoon antigen type 1.2 [ELISA/VSG RoTat 1.2], immune trypanolysis [TL]) and molecular tests (T. evansi type A specific RoTat 1.2 PCR). Results and Conclusions: The CATT/T. evansi was positive in 10/42 cattle, 0/11 dogs, 2/48 equids, 27/49 goats and 15/40 sheep. On the other hand, 20/38 cattle, 1/9 dogs, 21/42 equids, 17/44 goats and 31/39 sheep were positive in ELISA/VSG RoTat 1.2. However, no single animal was positive in TL. In addition, the T. evansi parasite could not be demonstrated by either GST or RoTat 1.2 PCR in any of the examined animals. This may suggest cross-reactions of CATT/T. evansi and ELISA/VSG RoTat 1.2 with other pathogenic or commensal trypanosome species such as T. vivax or other parasites. Based on these data, in particular taking into account the high specificity of the TL for T. evansi type A, this study does not support the hypothesis that T. evansi circulates in the studied domestic animal species and that they would act as reservoirs for the parasite that causes trypanosomosis in dromedary camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djamila Boushaki
- Inspection Vétérinaire de la Wilaya d'Alger, Direction des Services Agricoles, Ministère de l'Agriculture et du Développement Rural, Alger, Algeria
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire, Alger, Algeria
| | - Amel Adel
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Saad Dahlab Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | | | - Hafsa Madani
- Laboratoire Central Vétérinaire, Institut National de la Médecine Vétérinaire, Alger, Algeria
| | - Manon Geerts
- Unit of Diagnostic Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Bebronne
- Unit of Diagnostic Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Brahim A Brihoum
- Laboratoire Vétérinaire Régional de Laghouat, Institut National de la Médecine Vétérinaire, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Nadia Kechemir Issad
- Faculté des sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et Technologies Houari Boumediène, Alger, Algeria
| | - Philippe Büscher
- Unit of Diagnostic Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Gelinas A, Sudan S, Patterson R, Li J, Huyben D, Barta JR, Kiarie EG. Growth performance, organs weight, intestinal histomorphology, and oocyst shedding in broiler chickens offered novel single strain Bacillus subtilis isolated from camel dung and challenged with Eimeria. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103519. [PMID: 38359772 PMCID: PMC10877951 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated a single strain Bacillus subtilis BS-9 direct-fed microbial (BSDFM) isolated from camel dung in Eimeria challenged broiler chickens. Seven-hundred d-old Ross 708 male chicks were placed in pens (25 birds/pen) and allocated to 2 treatments (n = 14). From d 0 to 13, control pens received untreated water (-BSDFM), and 2 treated pens received water and 2 mL x 108 colony forming unit/bird/d (+BSDFM); daily water intake (WI) was recorded. On d 9, birds in half (+Eimeria) of pens per treatment received of 1 mL of Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina oocysts orally, and the other half (-Eimeria) sterile saline solution. Birds had ad libitum access to feed and a water line from d 14. Feed intake (FI), body weight (BW) and mortality were recorded for calculating BW gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). On d 14 and 35, samples of birds were necropsied for organ weight and intestinal measurements. Excreta samples were collected from d 14 to 19 for oocyst count. There was no treatment effect (P > 0.05) on growth performance or WI on d 0 to 9. There were interactions between BSDFM and Eimeria on d 19 (P = 0.014) and 29 (P = 0.036) BW with unchallenged +BSDFM birds being heavier than birds in the other treatments. The main effects (P < 0.05) on d 10 to 35 FI, BW, and BWG were such that +BSDFM increased and Eimeria decreased (P < 0.01) these parameters. There was interaction (P = 0.022) between BSDFM and Eimeria on d 10 to 35 FCR such that the FCR of challenged -BSDFM birds was poor than that of unchallenged counterparts, but none differed with +BSDFM birds. There was an interaction (P = 0.039) between BSDFM and Eimeria on d 14 bursa weight with challenged birds exhibiting heavier bursa than unchallenged +BSDFM birds. Eimeria reduced (P = 0.01) and BSDFM (P = 0.002) increased the villi height to crypt depth ratio. Results showed that BSDFM supplementation via water can support the growth performance of broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria and may be a strategy to reduce adverse effects of coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Gelinas
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, USA
| | - Sudhanshu Sudan
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, USA
| | | | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, USA
| | - David Huyben
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, USA
| | - John R Barta
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, USA
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, USA.
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Hussein HA, Mohamed A, Ahmed JM. Participatory epidemiology on major camel calf health and management problems in pastoral and semi-pastoral zones of Somali region, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301551. [PMID: 38551946 PMCID: PMC10980207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to March 2019. A participatory epidemiological appraisal was used to gain a rapid overview of the range of camel calf health problems and traditional management, a measure of the importance that people place on each of them, and to identify and prioritize economically important diseases in target zones. The most important constraints to camel production were identified to be the widespread prevalence of diseases such as camelpox, contagious ecthyma, calf scour, ticks, and nonspecific pneumonia; poor management and husbandry practices such as restrictive colostrum feeding, lack of concentrate and salt supplementation and inappropriate housing; shortage of feed; and scarce seasonal variation in water. Additionally, the livestock herders not only showed their knowledge of common camel calf diseases for affected organs and symptoms but also indicated the seasonality of disease occurrences with strong agreement (W = 0.899, P< 0.003) among the informants of all focus group discussions. The overall prevalence of mange, tick infestation, and bacteria-induced diarrhea in the study area was found to be 36.3%, 36%, and 74%, respectively. Sarcoptes scabie var. cameli was the only identified mite species from mange-infested calves, while Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus, and Amblyoma were the most commonly identified tick species. Similarly, the overall prevalence of diarrhea was 74% among this about 34.6% was caused by E. coli while 38.9% was affected by Salmonella and E. coli. Therefore, based on these findings, five diseases have been prioritized as the most significant calf diseases in the area (Camelpox, contagious ecthyma, and causes of pneumonia among camel calves). Improving veterinary health infrastructure and capacity, and increasing community awareness on camel health constraints are also recommended to enhance optimal camel calf rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abdi Hussein
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia
| | - Abdifetah Mohamed
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia
| | - Juhar Mohamed Ahmed
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Somali Region, Ethiopia
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Agamy R, Mahouda SF, Azzam AH, Gad Allah AAI, Abdel-Mageed II. Characteristics of sudanese camel-hair fibres under subtropical desert condition. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:112. [PMID: 38526648 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The study assessed the quality and variability of camel hair fibres in arid regions of Egypt. Raw camel-hair samples were collected from fifteen Sudanese camels divided into seven males (414.60 ± 38.19 kg, BW) and eight females (401.67 ± 26.76 kg BW), and the study investigated the influences of animal sex on both the physical and chemical traits of camel-hair fibers. The relationships among physical properties and both mineral and amino acid content were studied. Camel's sex had no significant effect on any of the studied traits including fibre diameter (FD), prickle factor (PF), medullated fibre (MF), staple length (SL) and staple strength (SS). In the meantime, no significant differences were found between males and females in fibers' minerals contents except potassium, where fibres of females had significantly higher potassium content than those of males. For amino acids contents in camel fibres, camel sex had a significant effect only on glutamic acid, since fibres of males showed higher (P < 0.05) content than females. Fibre diameter had positive (P < 0.01) correlations with prickle factor (r = 0.83) and medullated fibres (r = 0.73). Zinc content in camel fibres was positively correlated with fibre diameter (r = 0.57; P < 0.05) and medullated fibres (r = 0.73; P < 0.01). Moreover, a significant (negative correlation coefficient P < 0.05) was found between fibre diameter and both sulfur and proline contents (r=-0.39 and - 0.56). Ammonia content in fibres was correlated negatively (P < 0.05) with prickle factor and elongation (r=-0.62 and - 0.58, respectively). The variability in the physical properties and chemical composition of Sudanese camel-hair fibers under subtropical desert conditions may shed light on the possibility of improving fiber quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Agamy
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sabry F Mahouda
- Animal and Poultry Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ali H Azzam
- Animal and Poultry Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Ben Abderrazek R, Hamdi E, Piccirilli A, Dhaouadi S, Muyldermans S, Perilli M, Bouhaouala-Zahar B. Camel-Derived Nanobodies as Potent Inhibitors of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1 Enzyme. Molecules 2024; 29:1431. [PMID: 38611711 PMCID: PMC11013165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The injudicious usage of antibiotics during infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria leads to the emergence of β-lactamases. Among them, the NDM-1 enzyme poses a serious threat to human health. Developing new antibiotics or inhibiting β-lactamases might become essential to reduce and prevent bacterial infections. Nanobodies (Nbs), the smallest antigen-binding single-domain fragments derived from Camelidae heavy-chain-only antibodies, targeting enzymes, are innovative alternatives to develop effective inhibitors. The biopanning of an immune VHH library after phage display has helped to retrieve recombinant antibody fragments with high inhibitory activity against recombinant-NDM-1 enzyme. Nb02NDM-1, Nb12NDM-1, and Nb17NDM-1 behaved as uncompetitive inhibitors against NDM-1 with Ki values in the nM range. Remarkably, IC50 values of 25.0 nM and 8.5 nM were noted for Nb02NDM-1 and Nb17NDM-1, respectively. The promising inhibition of NDM-1 by Nbs highlights their potential application in combating particular Gram-negative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Ben Abderrazek
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules Venins et Applications Théranostiques, Institut Pasteur Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, Tunisie Université Tunis El Manar, B.P N 93, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (E.H.); (S.D.); (B.B.-Z.)
| | - Emna Hamdi
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules Venins et Applications Théranostiques, Institut Pasteur Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, Tunisie Université Tunis El Manar, B.P N 93, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (E.H.); (S.D.); (B.B.-Z.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, Via Veteoio Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Alessandra Piccirilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, Via Veteoio Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Sayda Dhaouadi
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules Venins et Applications Théranostiques, Institut Pasteur Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, Tunisie Université Tunis El Manar, B.P N 93, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (E.H.); (S.D.); (B.B.-Z.)
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleenlaan, 9, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Mariagrazia Perilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, Via Veteoio Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules Venins et Applications Théranostiques, Institut Pasteur Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, Tunisie Université Tunis El Manar, B.P N 93, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (E.H.); (S.D.); (B.B.-Z.)
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, B.P N 93, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
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Laameche F, Chehma A, Mastori H, Guerrida F, Tobchi M, Faye B. Nutritional factors affecting camel ( Camelus dromedarius) milk composition. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:108. [PMID: 38507148 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Saharan population in Algeria still depending on bovine milk, which suffers from serious constraints undermining its sustainability. Camelus dromedarius milk has experienced growing demand following the emerging market requirements for livestock production and dairy farming over the past decade. The present work aimed at analysing the effect of nutritional regime on milk quality. The differences in pH, Acidity D°, Ash and Fats were significant. The pH was negatively influenced by the intensification conditions such as the much higher use of concentrates. The major constituents of milk were strongly and positively correlated with barley, wheat bran, TN/Kg.DM (Total Nitrogen/ Kg. Dry Matter), Kg.DM, Concentrates and daily watering. The results showed that a good energy-protein balance around 73 g PDI/UFL (Protein Digestible in the Intestine/Energetic Forage Unit for milk production) was beneficial for a better milk protein ratio. The use of corn, soybeans, palm dates and VM-premix (Vitamin Mineral) supplementation were also favourable to the synthesis of fats. Crude fiber and cell walls were better valued in the synthesis of fats with the availability of concentrates and the increasing of TN /Kg.DM and VM-premix rate in dietary regime. The vitamin C content elevate following high ratio of UFL /Kg.DM and PDI/UFL. For thus, the influence of nutritional status can lead to major improvements that need also more advanced and detailed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foudil Laameche
- Laboratoire de Bioressources sahariennces, Préservation et Valorisation, Université Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla, Algeria.
- Département des sciences agronomiques, Faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie et sciences de la terre, Université de Ghardaïa, BP 455, Ghardaïa, 47000, Algeria.
| | - Abdelmadjid Chehma
- Laboratoire de Bioressources sahariennces, Préservation et Valorisation, Université Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Hana Mastori
- Département des sciences agronomiques, Faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie et sciences de la terre, Université Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Fatma Guerrida
- Département des sciences agronomiques, Faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie et sciences de la terre, Université Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Mebarka Tobchi
- Département des sciences agronomiques, Faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie et sciences de la terre, Université Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Bernard Faye
- Centre International de Recherche en Agriculture pour le Développement, CIRAD, Campus international de Baillarguet, Montpellier, 34398, France
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Al Naeem A, Salem M, Housawi F, Al-Mohammed Salem K, Hussen J, Fayez M, Zaghawa A, Kostoulas P. Epidemiological insights into paratuberculosis in camels in Saudi Arabia: Bayesian estimation of true prevalence and identification of risk factors. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299881. [PMID: 38502652 PMCID: PMC10950229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is a significant concern in the camel population of Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to provide epidemiological insights into the disease by estimating the true prevalence in camels in the Eastern Province and Riyadh, using a Bayesian estimation framework, and exploring the associated risk factors through a frequentist approach. A total of 1200 camel blood samples were collected and analyzed using an indirect ELISA method. The true herd-level prevalence was estimated at 0.7 (95% probability interval: 0.57 to 0.81), and the mean expected true animal-level prevalence was 0.17 (0.14 to 0.20). Risk factors associated with Map seropositivity were identified, including sex, breed, raising system, and production type. Females, single breed camels, and nomadic raising systems were found to have lower odds of seropositivity, while camels used for racing and show had significantly higher odds. The study's Bayesian approach, adjusting for the imperfect accuracy of MAP tests, provides a nuanced understanding of the disease's prevalence in the region. The integration of true prevalence estimates with risk factor analysis offers a comprehensive framework that can guide future policies and strategies in the fight against paratuberculosis in Saudi Arabia. The findings emphasize the importance of targeted control measures, underscoring the urgent need for interventions in Saudi Arabia's camel population. By understanding the true disease prevalence and its associated risk factors, we can enhance disease management strategies, offering valuable insights for future control and eradication efforts in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Al Naeem
- Department of Clinical Sciencess, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Salem
- Department of Clinical Sciencess, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Governorate, Egypt
| | - F. Housawi
- Department of Clinical Sciencess, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - K. Al-Mohammed Salem
- Animal Resources Management, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Fayez
- Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt
- Al Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Zaghawa
- Department of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Minoufiya, Egypt
| | - P. Kostoulas
- Faculty of Public & One Health, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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Hassaneen NH, Hemeda SA, El Nahas AF, Fadl SE, El-Diasty EM. Camel milk or silymarin could improve the negative effects that experimentally produced by aflatoxin B1 on rat's male reproductive system. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:108. [PMID: 38500117 PMCID: PMC10946164 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camel milk and silymarin have many different beneficial effects on several animal species. Meanwhile, Aflatoxins are mycotoxins with extraordinary potency that pose major health risks to several animal species. Additionally, it has been documented that aflatoxins harm the reproductive systems of a variety of domestic animals. The present design aimed to investigate the impact of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on rat body weight and reproductive organs and the ameliorative effects of camel milk and silymarin through measured serum testosterone, testes pathology, and gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in the testes. A total of sixty mature male Wister white rats, each weighing an average of 83.67 ± 0.21 g, were used. There were six groups created from the rats. Each division had ten rats. The groups were the control (without any treatment), CM (1 ml of camel milk/kg body weight orally), S (20 mg silymarin/kg b. wt. suspension, orally), A (1.4 mg aflatoxin/kg diet), ACM (aflatoxin plus camel milk), and AS (aflatoxin plus silymarin). RESULTS The results indicated the positive effects of camel milk and silymarin on growth, reproductive organs, and gene expression of TNF-α, LHR, and StAR with normal testicular architecture. Also, the negative effect of AFB1 on the rat's body weight and reproductive organs, as indicated by low body weight and testosterone concentration, was confirmed by the results of histopathology and gene expression. However, these negative effects were ameliorated by the ingestion of camel milk and silymarin. CONCLUSION In conclusion, camel milk and silymarin could mitigate the negative effect of AFB1 on rat body weight and reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla H Hassaneen
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt.
| | - Shabaan A Hemeda
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer F El Nahas
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sabreen E Fadl
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Eman M El-Diasty
- Mycology Department, Animal Health Research Institute Dokki, Giza (ARC), Egypt
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15
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Zhang J, Wei L, Miao J, Yu Y, Yu N, Hu Q, Chen H, Chen Y. Authenticity identification of animal species in characteristic milk by integration of shotgun proteomics and scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) based on tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2024; 436:137736. [PMID: 37863000 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Milk is one of the oldest natural dairies with high value, which has different species including cow, camel, donkey, goat, sheep, buffalo, yak and et al. However, economically motivated adulteration of non-cow milk with cheaper cow milk occurs frequently. To develop a high-throughput approach for milk species authentication, integration of shotgun proteomics and scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was developed. In total, 37 specific peptides were screened as unique to different species. Specific peptides processing stability was investigated under different treatment (heat, pressure, fermentation). Subsequently, four quantitative ion pairs of peptides from cow milk and six quantitative ion pairs of peptides from six non-cow milks were selected for the adulteration quantitative analysis. The method is capable of detection adulteration in the range of 1%-100%, and the quantitative recoveries ranged from 91.07% to 111.75%. The results suggested that combination of shotgun proteomics and MRM had potential for the milk species authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiukai Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Liyang Wei
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Jinliang Miao
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Yue Yu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, PR China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Ning Yu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Qian Hu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - He Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 830091, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, PR China.
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Meng F, Duan M, Wu W, Shao S, Qin Y, Zhang M. Enzymatic construction Au NPs-rGO based MIP electrochemical sensor for adulteration detection of bovine-derived allergen in camel milk. Food Chem 2024; 436:137638. [PMID: 37832419 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a high-performance molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor for the determination of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) was fabricated by using trypsin as a template removal reagent. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) designed for electrode modification accelerate the heterogeneous electron transfer rate to enhance the sensitivity of the prepared sensor. With enzymatic hydrolysis, β-LG templates were effectively digested into short peptides without damage to the MIP so that the imprinted cavities of the MIP were preserved with a complete spatial structure exhibiting high selectivity. Based on the optimization of the protein removal time and pH, the prepared MIP electrochemical sensor could recognize β-LG in the range of 4-100 ng/mL with a low detection limit (3.58 ng/mL). The sensor also expressed excellent selectivity and was successfully applied to real sample detection. The results demonstrate that the proposed MIP electrochemical sensor may be a promising candidate for camel milk adulteration detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxing Meng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Gentic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Mengjiao Duan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Gentic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Wanfeng Wu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Gentic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Shuxuan Shao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Gentic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830046, China; Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Biology, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yanan Qin
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Gentic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830046, China.
| | - Minwei Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Gentic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang 830046, China.
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El-Sayed A, Ebissy E, Mohamed R, Ateya A. Effects of antioxidant vitamins (A, D, E) and trace elements (Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) administration on gene expression, metabolic, antioxidants and immunological profiles during transition period in dromedary camels. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:101. [PMID: 38481237 PMCID: PMC10936106 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition has a primary role for optimum expression of genetic potential, and most of the farmers have limited resources of green fodder. Hence, a fat-soluble vitamin, especially vitamin A and E and trace elements remained most critical in the animal's ration and affects their productive and reproductive performance adversely. Animals cannot be able to produce these vitamins in their bodies; hence, an exogenous regular supply is needed to fulfil the physiological needs and to maintain high production performance. This study elucidated effects of antioxidant vitamins (A, D, E) and trace elements (Cu, Mn, Se, Zn) administration on gene expression, metabolic, antioxidants and immunological parameters in dromedary camels during transition period. RESULTS At 0 day, there were no appreciable differences in the expression patterns of the metabolic (IGF-I, ACACA, SCD, FASN, LPL, and BTN1A1) genes between the control and treatment groups, despite lower levels. A substantial variation in the mRNA levels of SOD1, SOD3, PRDX2, PRDX3, PRDX4, PRDX6, and AhpC/TSA was observed between the control and treatment groups, according to the antioxidant markers. In comparison to the control group, the treatment group displayed a significant up-regulation at 0 and 21 days. The treatment and control groups exhibited substantial differences in the mRNA values of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα, as indicated by immunological markers. In comparison to the control group, there was a noticeable down-regulation in the treatment group at 0 and + 21 days. But IL10 produced the opposite pattern. No significant difference was observed in glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, total protein, NEFA, BHBA, cortisol and IGF-1 levels between control and treatment group. The activity of serum GPx, SOD and TAC was significantly affected by time and treatment x time in supplemented groups as compared with control group. IL-1, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF were noticeably greater in the control group and lower in the treatment group. Additionally, in all groups, the concentration of all pro-inflammatory cytokines peaked on the day of delivery and its lowest levels showed on day 21 following calving. The IL-10 level was at its peak 21 days prior to calving and was lowest on calving day. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated a beneficial effect of antioxidant vitamins and trace elements on the metabolic, antioxidant and immunological markers in dromedary camels throughout their transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Sayed
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman Ebissy
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ragab Mohamed
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ateya
- Department of Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Hajipour N, Baghaefar H, Hassanzadeh P, Ketzis J. Prevalence and risk factors of Linguatula spp. in slaughter animals in Tabriz, Iran, and methods for nymphal stage inactivation. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 413:110571. [PMID: 38241923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Linguatula is a food born zoonotic parasite in which carnivores and herbivores serve as final and intermediate hosts, respectively. Human infection with Linguatula spp. occurs following consumption of raw or undercooked infected internal organs of the intermediate host and/or consumption of water and/or vegetables contaminated with eggs released from final hosts. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence and risk factors of Linguatula spp. in sheep, cattle, buffalo, goats and camels slaughtered at the Tabriz abattoir, Iran. In addition, effect of temperature and sodium chloride (NaCl) on survival time of Linguatula spp. nymphs was assessed. For this purpose, 25,520 mesenteric lymph nodes from 2552 animals and the livers and lungs from 656 animals were collected randomly and examined. To evaluate the effect of temperature and NaCl on the survival of Linguatula spp. nymphs in infected livers and lungs, 30 g of each liver and lung with dimensions of 2 × 3 × 4 cm, were exposed to temperatures of -20, 10, 50, 60 and 72 °C and NaCl concentrations of 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, in triplicate. Based on the mesenteric lymph nodes, 25.7 % (656 of 2552 animals) were infected with Linguatula spp. Of the 656 liver and lungs assessed, 141 (21.5 %) and 62 (9.5 %) were infected with Linguatula spp., respectively. The rate of infection of mesenteric lymph nodes in all animals was significant with age (P < 0.05), with more older animals infected. In regards to sex, except for camels, more female animals were infected than male animals (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in survival of nymphs based on temperature and/or NaCl and time (P < 0.0001). At 72 h, all temperatures assessed except 10 °C, resulted in all nymphs being inactivated. Sodium chloride was more effective against Linguatula spp. nymphs in livers than in lungs with 100 % efficacy only achieved against nymphs in livers at 20 % concentration after 48 h and at 10 and 15 % concentration after 72 h. Based on these results, heating and application of common salt as a food preservative in meat products reduces the survival time of Linguatula spp. nymphs and their use could decrease the risk of food-born microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hajipour
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hosein Baghaefar
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Hassanzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jennifer Ketzis
- Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St Kitts, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
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Wicaksono RB, Muhaimin A, Willems DL, Pols J. "Tie your camel first, then rely on God": reconceptualizing Javanese Islamic values to support palliative care at home. BMC Palliat Care 2024; 23:63. [PMID: 38429709 PMCID: PMC10908073 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-024-01383-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decade, there has been a growing concern to make palliative care more culturally sensitive and contextually appropriate. This concern is also relevant in Indonesia, where the progress of palliative care, particularly in home-based care, has been slow. Like elsewhere in the world, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of shifting from a curative orientation towards a palliative one, especially in cases where further medical treatment is futile. In this paper we argue that the development of palliative care practices would benefit greatly from learning about the values that are important for patients, families, and health professionals. It is important to understand these values to support forms of care that aim to enhance quality of life. To demonstrate this, we analyse the care values people in rural Java evoke in their home palliative care practices. METHODS We conducted an eight-month ethnographic study involving forty-nine patients, families, and health professionals. RESULTS We identified three specific Javanese Islamic values: making an effort (ikhtiar), being sincere (ikhlas), and being in a state of surrender (pasrah). These values influenced the participants' activities in a palliative care setting. Based on our findings, we suggest three strategies to incorporate these values into palliative care practices and to better facilitate palliative care's integration into Javanese Muslim communities. The first strategy is to include efforts to reduce suffering and improve the quality of life using the concept of ikhtiar. The second strategy is to foster sincerity (ikhlas) to help patients and families accept the realities of their condition and provide care for patients at home. The last strategy is to clarify that palliative care is not synonymous with 'giving up' but can be seen as an act of pious surrender. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified three Islamic-Javanese values that can be incorporated to strategies aiming at enhancing palliative care practices, resulting in care focused on improving quality of life rather than futile attempts at a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raditya Bagas Wicaksono
- Department of Ethics, Law, and Humanities, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Bioethics and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia.
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Amalia Muhaimin
- Department of Ethics, Law, and Humanities, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioethics and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | - Dick L Willems
- Department of Ethics, Law, and Humanities, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeannette Pols
- Department of Ethics, Law, and Humanities, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Alkhulaifi MM, Alosaimi MM, Khan MS, Tabrez S, Shaik GM, Alokail MS, Hassan MA, Awadalla ME, Husain FM. Assessment of Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Potential of Lactoferrin Extracted from Camel Milk. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1464-1480. [PMID: 37418128 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein present in mammalian milk. It possesses antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and several biological functions. Owing to the current trend of increasing antibiotic resistance, our study was designed to purify lactoferrin from camel milk colostrum using cation exchange chromatography on the SP-Sepharose high-performance column. The purity and molecular weight of lactoferrin were checked by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The chromatogram of the purification procedure illustrated a single peak corresponding to lactoferrin, while the SDS-PAGE revealed 78 kDa molecular weight protein. Furthermore, lactoferrin protein and its hydrolysate form were assessed for its antimicrobial potential. The highest inhibitory effect of whole lactoferrin at the concentration (4 mg/ml) was observed against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus, while 10 mg/ml concentration was effective against K. pneumonia, and 27 mg/ml was potent against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, P. aeruginosa. Likewise, MRSA was more sensitive toward iron-free lactoferrin (2 mg/ml) and hydrolyzed lactoferrin (6 mg/ml). The tested lactoferrin forms showed variability in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) among tested bacteria. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis images revealed distortions of the bacterial cells exposed to lactoferrin. The antibiofilm effect differed depending on the concentration and the type of the bacteria; biofilm inhibition ranged from 12.5 to 91.3% in the tested pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the anticancer activity of lactoferrin forms exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human lung cancer cell line (A549).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M Alkhulaifi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Malak M Alosaimi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gouse M Shaik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muawiya E Awadalla
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Food and Nutrition, Department of Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Ogoti BM, Riitho V, Wildemann J, Mutono N, Tesch J, Rodon J, Harichandran K, Emanuel J, Möncke-Buchner E, Kiambi S, Oyugi J, Mureithi M, Corman VM, Drosten C, Thumbi SM, Müller MA. Biphasic MERS-CoV Incidence in Nomadic Dromedaries with Putative Transmission to Humans, Kenya, 2022-2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:581-585. [PMID: 38407189 PMCID: PMC10902546 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.231488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is endemic in dromedaries in Africa, but camel-to-human transmission is limited. Sustained 12-month sampling of dromedaries in a Kenya abattoir hub showed biphasic MERS-CoV incidence; peak detections occurred in October 2022 and February 2023. Dromedary-exposed abattoir workers (7/48) had serologic signs of previous MERS-CoV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nyamai Mutono
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Julia Tesch
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Jordi Rodon
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Kaneemozhe Harichandran
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Jackson Emanuel
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Elisabeth Möncke-Buchner
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Stella Kiambi
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Julius Oyugi
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Marianne Mureithi
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Victor M. Corman
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
| | - Christian Drosten
- University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya (B.M. Ogoti, V. Riitho, N. Mutono, J. Oyugi, M. Mureithi, S.M. Thumbi)
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK (V. Riitho)
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (J. Wildemann, J. Tesch, J. Rodon, K. Harichandran, J. Emanuel, E. Möncke-Buchner, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA (N. Mutono, S.M. Thumbi)
- Food and Agriculture Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (S. Kiambi)
- Labor Berlin–Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin (V.M. Corman)
- German Center for Infection Research, Berlin (V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, M.A. Müller)
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK (S.M. Thumbi)
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22
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Kocyigit E, Abdurakhmanov R, Kocyigit BF. Potential role of camel, mare milk, and their products in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:425-434. [PMID: 38183445 PMCID: PMC10867071 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Milk and dairy products serve as a significant dietary component for people all over the world. Milk is a source of essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, fats, and water that support newborns' growth, development, and physiological processes. Milk contains various essential biological compounds that contribute to overall health and well-being. These compounds are crucial in immune system regulation, bone health, and gut microbiota. Milk and dairy products are primarily from cows, buffalos, goats, and sheep. Recently, there has been a notable increase in camel and mare milk consumption and its associated products due to an increasing attraction to ethnic cuisines and a greater awareness of food biodiversity. Camel and mare milk possess diverse nutritional and therapeutic properties, displaying potential functional foods. Camel milk has been linked to various health advantages, encompassing antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antiallergic, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. Camel milk has exhibited notable efficacy in mitigating inflammation and oxidative stress, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for inflammatory disorders. Nevertheless, although extensively recorded, the potential health benefits of mare's milk have yet to be investigated, including its impact on inflammatory conditions. This article highlights the therapeutic potential of camel and mare milk and its derived products in treating inflammatory rheumatic disorders, specifically focusing on their anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory capabilities. These alternative types of milk, which do not come from cows, offer potential avenues for investigating innovative strategies to regulate and reduce inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Kocyigit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Ruslan Abdurakhmanov
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| | - Burhan Fatih Kocyigit
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Health Sciences, Adana Health Practice and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
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23
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Dhehibi A, Terrak M, Seddik MM, Hammadi M, Salhi I. Development of a bispecific Nanobody anti-F17 fimbria as a potential therapeutic tool. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 215:106411. [PMID: 38056514 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli F17+ are associated with various intestinal and extra-intestinal pathologies, including diarrhea, and result in significant animal mortality. These infections rely on the expression of virulence factors, such as F17 fimbriae, for adhesion. F17 fimbriae form a protective layer on the surface of E. coli bacteria, consisting of a major structural subunit, F17A, and a minor functional subunit, F17G. Because of the evolution of bacterial resistance, conventional antibiotic treatments have limited efficacy. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop novel therapeutic tools. In this study, we cloned and produced the F17G protein. We then immunized a camel with the purified F17G protein and constructed a VHH library consisting of 2 × 109 clones. The library was then screened against F17G protein using phage display technology. Through this process, we identified an anti-F17G nanobody that was subsequently linked, via a linker, to an anti-F17A nanobody, resulting in the creation of an effective bispecific nanobody. Comprehensive characterization of this bispecific nanobody demonstrated excellent production, specific binding capacity to both recombinant forms of the two F17 antigens and the E. coli F17+ strain, remarkable stability in camel serum, and superior resistance to pepsin protease. The successful generation of this bispecific nanobody with excellent production, specific binding capacity and stability highlights its potential as a valuable tool for fighting infections caused by pathogenic E. coli F17+ strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Dhehibi
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory (LR16IRA04), Arid Lands Institute (I.R.A), University of Gabès, Médenine, 4119, Tunisia.
| | - Mohammed Terrak
- InBioS-Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liege, B-4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Mabrouk-Mouldi Seddik
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory (LR16IRA04), Arid Lands Institute (I.R.A), University of Gabès, Médenine, 4119, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammadi
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory (LR16IRA04), Arid Lands Institute (I.R.A), University of Gabès, Médenine, 4119, Tunisia
| | - Imed Salhi
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory (LR16IRA04), Arid Lands Institute (I.R.A), University of Gabès, Médenine, 4119, Tunisia
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24
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Monaco D, Mariella J, Fusi J, Osman TK, Rauf AA, Probo M. Hematological reference intervals in newborn dromedary calves in the first week after birth: Age and sex-related variations. Res Vet Sci 2024; 169:105172. [PMID: 38340379 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The establishment of hematological reference intervals (RIs) is an important tool to assess the health status of animals and to evaluate the impact of diseases at individual and population levels. Nowadays, specific RIs of hematological parameters in newborn dromedary camel calves at birth and during the first week after birth, are lacking. Therefore, RIs for the hematological variables from a complete blood cell count were established in 47 healthy newborn dromedary calves (18 females and 29 males). Blood samples were collected within 2 h after birth (d0), at 24 h (d1), at 3 (d3) and 7 days (d7) after birth, and analyzed within 24 h. The RIs were described based on the 95% confidence interval, and possible differences among mean values due to age (sampling time) and sex were investigated. Statistical analysis showed that age affected all the hematological variables except MCV, MCH, and MCHC, indicating that the adaptational process to the extrauterine life continues for several days after birth; sex affected most of the hematological variables, with higher RBC and PLT count, HGB, PCV, neutrophil population and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio at d7 in females compared to males. These findings suggest possible sex-based differences in the physiological maturation mechanisms and deserves further investigations. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of hematological RIs for newborn dromedary calves at birth up to 7 days of age; the RIs registered in the present study in newborns differ from those reported in adult dromedaries in literature, thus confirming the need for the adoption of separated reference ranges according to age also in the dromedary camel, as previously reported for other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Monaco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. Prov. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Jole Mariella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jasmine Fusi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - Taher Kamal Osman
- Department of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, Salam Veterinary Group, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdel Rauf
- Department of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, Salam Veterinary Group, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monica Probo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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25
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Enferadi A, Sarani S, Mohammadipour S, Hasani SJ, Ajdari A, Asl MN, Khademi P. Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in ticks collected from Iran. Infect Genet Evol 2024; 118:105562. [PMID: 38307395 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the prevalence and genetic structure of Coxiella burnetii in tick samples collected from domestic animals in Hormozgan province146 tick samples were randomly collected from cattle, sheep, goat, camel and dog herds in seven cities of Hormozgan. After the DNA was extracted from each tick sample; Nested-PCR method was used to identify the presence of C. burnetii using IS1111 transposon gene and isocitrate dehydrogenase icd gene. In addition, phylogenetic analysis and tree diagram were constructed based on IS1111 and icd genes. The results showed that out of 146 pool tick samples, 40 pool samples based on IS1111 gene and 32 pool samples based on icd gene were infected with C. burnetii. When results were stratified by livestock type, infection rates were highest in sheep ticks (37.5%, 95% CI: 21.2% - 57.29%), followed by cattle ticks (32.14%, 95% CI: 17.90% - 50.66%) and dog tick (15%, 95% CI: 70.6% - 29%). In camel and goat ticks, the infection rate was 15.90 and 23.07%, respectively. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the role of ticks as potential carriers of C. burneti. The results indicate the importance of cattle, sheep, goats, camels and dogs in Hormozgan region as effective factors in the epidemiology of Q fever and its impact on public health. In addition, a high degree of similarity (from 99% to 100%) was observed between IS1111 and icd genes in this study and recorded sequences from different regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Enferadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Sarani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zabol University, Iran
| | - Shirin Mohammadipour
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kerman University, Iran
| | | | - Afshin Ajdari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Iran
| | - Maryam Najafi Asl
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Peyman Khademi
- Department of Microbiology and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Iran.
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Moeini R, Zamindar N, Aarabi Najvani F. The effect of marination by using ginger extract and citric acid on physicochemical characteristics of camel meat. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2024; 30:137-148. [PMID: 36384295 DOI: 10.1177/10820132221136590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of marinade solutions of ginger extract in conjunction with citric acid (5 levels) and marinating time (24 and 48 h) on physicochemical properties of camel meat were investigated. Marinade uptake (%), pH, and color indexes of marinated samples were measured. Moreover, pH, cooking loss (%), Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF), tenderness (%) were evaluated to document changes in meat quality after cooking. Microstructural changes of collagenous fibers were observed via SEM. Overall, ginger extract marination without citric acid resulted in a significant increase in marinade uptake, pH, tenderness, L*, a*, and b*, however, a significant decrease was observed in WBSF. Moreover, ginger extract accompanied with citric acid marination resulted in a significant decrease in marinade uptake, L* and a*, and WBSF, while a significant increase in pH, tenderness, and b* was observed after both marinating and cooking (P ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference in cooking loss amongst all samples (P ≥ 0.05). As regards sensory characteristics, ginger extract marination either with citric acid or without that resulted in a significant increase in tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and odor indices (P ≤ 0.05). The appearance score of marinated camel meat with ginger extract was significantly higher than non-marinated controls (P ≤ 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Moeini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Zamindar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farinaz Aarabi Najvani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Meletis E, Sakhaee E, Kostoulas P. Bayesian true prevalence estimation of brucellosis in sheep, goats, cattle and camels in southeast regions of Iran. Zoonoses Public Health 2024; 71:170-177. [PMID: 37974512 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND METHODS Brucellosis is worldwide one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases with serious public health hazard affecting domestic livestock and causing economic losses. Objective of this study is to estimate the true prevalence of brucellosis in livestock, specifically cattle, sheep, goats and camels, using a novel Bayesian latent class model, adjusting for the imperfect sensitivity and specificity of the applied tests, where the second test was restricted only to first test-positive samples. RESULTS Brucellosis seems more prevalent in goats and sheep, while the posterior medians and 95% probability intervals (95% PI) for the average true prevalence for sheep, goats, cattle and camels are 18% (4%-43%), 19% (7%-37%), 16% (5%-34%) and 18% (1%-48%) respectively. CONCLUSIONS The study results indicate that brucellosis is highly endemic in Iran and crucial steps are needed to control and raise awareness about the high public health concern of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Meletis
- Department of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Ehsanollah Sakhaee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Tariq M, Badshah F, Khan NU, Zafar MI, De Los Ríos-Escalante PR, Ibáñez-Arancibia E, Mehnaz S, Mubashir M, Khan MS, Khan MS, Rafiq N, Shaheen N, Saeed S, Ben Said M. Assessment of Babesia spp. prevalence in various domestic animals across Southern Punjab, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e277636. [PMID: 38422286 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.277636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases, notably babesiosis, exert a substantial impact on the global cattle industry, posing challenges to commerce, economies, and human health. This study, conducted in Southern Punjab, Pakistan, aimed to assess the prevalence of Babesia spp. across various livestock species using microscopic and PCR methods. A total of 180 blood samples (60 from each district) were systematically collected from apparently healthy animals, with 36 samples obtained from each domestic animal species, including camel, cattle, buffalo, goat, and sheep, noting that 12 samples were collected from each district for each animal species. Overall prevalence was determined to be 32.8% (59/180), with varying rates among species: 25.0% in cattle, 41.66% in buffalo, 30.55% in goats, 33.3% in sheep, and 33.3% in camels. Microscopic examination revealed slightly varied infection rates among large and small domestic animals (22.2%), while PCR results indicated a 32.8% overall infection rate in both large and small domestic animals, with no statistical significance. District-wise analysis showed regional variations, with Muzaffargarh recording a prevalence rate of 23.33% through microscopic examination, while Lodhran and Bahawalpur recorded 21.67%. PCR results revealed higher rates (38.33%, 26.67%, and 33.33%, respectively), underlining the importance of employing PCR for accurate detection. Examining ruminant types, large ruminants exhibited a 32.4% infection rate, while small domestic animals showed 33.3%, with no significant difference (p=0.897). District-wise prevalence showcased significant variation, with Muzaffargarh demonstrating a 25% prevalence, Lodhran 22%, and Bahawalpur 22%, through microscopic examination. PCR results displayed 38.33%, 27%, and 33.3%, respectively, with no statistical significance. Detailed analysis of individual districts highlighted variations in infection rates among camels, cattle, buffalo, goats, and sheep. The binomial test indicated significant differences through microscopic analysis (P=0.011) but non-significant variations through PCR (P=0.065), emphasizing the precision of PCR. Regional variations in prevalence, notably with Punjab exhibiting the highest frequency (33.87%) and KPK the lowest (13.24%), suggest potential influences from varying veterinary practices and environmental factors. This study underscores the pivotal role of PCR alongside microscopy for accurate babesiosis diagnosis. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of babesiosis prevalence, emphasizing the necessity of advanced molecular techniques for informed control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tariq
- Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - F Badshah
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Zoology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - N U Khan
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Collage of Veterinary Science, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - M I Zafar
- Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - P R De Los Ríos-Escalante
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Temuco, Chile
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Nucleo de Estudios Ambientales, Temuco, Chile
| | - E Ibáñez-Arancibia
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Temuco, Chile
- Universidad de la Frontera, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Temuco, Chile
- Universidad de la Frontera, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorio de Ingeniería, Biotecnología y Bioquímica Aplicada - LIBBA, Temuco, Chile
| | - S Mehnaz
- University of Agriculture, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M Mubashir
- Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M S Khan
- Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M S Khan
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Zoology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - N Rafiq
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Department of Zoology, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - N Shaheen
- University of Peshawar, Department of Zoology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S Saeed
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - M Ben Said
- University of Manouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, Department of Basic Sciences, Manouba, Tunisia
- University of Manouba, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Laboratory of Microbiology, Manouba, Tunisia
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Youseef M, Karam F, Kadry M, Elhariri M, Elhelw R. Escherichia coli and their potential transmission of carbapenem and colistin-resistant genes in camels. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:65. [PMID: 38402189 PMCID: PMC10893666 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camels harbouring multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are capable of transmitting various microorganisms to humans. This study aimed to determine the distribution of anti-microbial resistance among Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from the feces of apparently healthy camels in Egyptian abattoirs. Additionally, we sought to characterize Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains, assess their virulence potential, and investigate the possibility of camels spreading carbapenem- and colistin-resistant E. coli. METHODS 121 fecal swaps were collected from camels in different abattoirs in Egypt. Isolation and identification of E. coli were performed using conventional culture techniques and biochemical identification. All isolates obtained from the examined samples underwent genotyping through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the Shiga toxin-encoding genes (Stx1 and Stx2), the carbapenemase-encoding genes (blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaNDM, and blaVIM), and the mcr genes for mcr-1 to mcr-5. RESULT Bacteriological examination revealed 75 E. coli isolates. PCR results revealed that one strain (1.3%) tested positive for Stx1, and five (6.6%) were positive for Stx2. Among the total 75 strains of E. coli, the overall prevalence of carbapenemase-producing E. coli was 27, with 7 carrying blaOXA48, 14 carrying blaNDM, and 6 carrying blaVIM. Notably, no strains were positive for blaKPC but a high prevalence rate of mcr genes were detected. mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, and mcr-4 genes were detected among 3, 2, 21, and 3 strains, respectively. CONCLUSION The results indicate that camels in Egypt may be a primary source of anti-microbial resistance (AMR) E. coli, which could potentially be transmitted directly to humans or through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Youseef
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma Karam
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Kadry
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Elhariri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab Elhelw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
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Al-Ramadan SY, Moqbel MS, Akhodair KM, Rajendran P, Salem KTAM, Alshubaith IH, Alluwaimi AM. Innate and adaptive immune responses in the intestine of camel ( Camelus dromedarius) naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:87. [PMID: 38393533 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The spread of John's disease in camel herds (Camelus dromedarius) has been worldwide reported. Despite extensive studies on Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in camels, the complete pathogenesis and epidemiology of this infection have not been fully exploited. The objective of the study is focusing on the nature of the immune responses, and the types of the recruited cells were studied in the intestine of naturally infected camels employing immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of CD335, CD103, CD11b, and CD38 markers. Marked expression of some or all of the markers was observed in the ileum, mesenteric, and supramammary lymph nodes of the old infected camels. The expression of CD335, a well-known natural killer (NK) cell marker, was detected in the mesenteric lymph node, while the dendritic cell (DCs) marker, CD103, was markedly expressed in the villi and propria submucosa (PS) of the ileum in old infected camels. CD103 + and CD11b + DCs were detected in the mesenteric lymph nodes of young infected camels. The expression of CD38, a crucial proinflammatory marker, was more noticeable in the peripheral region of the mesenteric lymph node. The expression of these markers in the infected camel intestine was peculiar and is reported for the first time. In summary, the unique expression patterns of CD335, CD103, CD11b, and CD38 markers in naturally infected camel intestines revealed through immunohistochemistry new insights into the immune responses associated with MAP infection. These first-time observations suggest potential roles of innate and adaptive immunity, highlighting specific aspects of MAP immunopathology. Further studies with targeted tools are crucial for a precise understanding of these markers' roles in the infected intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Y Al-Ramadan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M S Moqbel
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - K M Akhodair
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - P Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- COMManD, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K T Al-Mohammed Salem
- Animal Resources Management, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - I H Alshubaith
- International Organizations and Healthy Cities Department, Al-Ahsa Municipality, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Alluwaimi
- Formerly Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Omondi VO, Bosire GO, Onyari JM, Kibet C, Mwasya S, Onyonyi VN, Getahun MN. Multi-omics analyses reveal rumen microbes and secondary metabolites that are unique to livestock species. mSystems 2024; 9:e0122823. [PMID: 38294243 PMCID: PMC10878066 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01228-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ruminant livestock, including cattle, sheep, goats, and camels, possess a distinctive digestive system with complex microbiota communities critical for feed conversion and secondary metabolite production, including greenhouse gases. Yet, there is limited knowledge regarding the diversity of rumen microbes and metabolites benefiting livestock physiology, productivity, climate impact, and defense mechanisms across ruminant species. In this study, we utilized metataxonomics and metabolomics data from four evolutionarily distinct livestock species, which had fed on diverse plant materials like grass, shrubs, and acacia trees, to uncover the unique signature microbes and secondary metabolites. We established the presence of a distinctive anaerobic fungus called Oontomyces in camels, while cattle exhibited a higher prevalence of unique microbes like Psychrobacter, Anaeromyces, Cyllamyces, and Orpinomyces. Goats hosted Cleistothelebolus, and Liebetanzomyces was unique to sheep. Furthermore, we identified a set of conserved core microbes, including Prevotella, Rickenellaceae, Cladosporium, and Pecoramyces, present in all the ruminants, irrespective of host genetics and dietary composition. This underscores their indispensable role in maintaining crucial physiological functions. Regarding secondary metabolites, camel's rumen is rich in organic acids, goat's rumen is rich in alcohols and hydrocarbons, sheep's rumen is rich in indoles, and cattle's rumen is rich in sesquiterpenes. Additionally, linalool propionate and terpinolene were uniquely found in sheep rumen, while valencene was exclusive to cattle. This may suggest the existence of species-specific microbes and metabolites that require host rumen-microbes' environment balance. These results have implications for manipulating the rumen environment to target specific microbes and secondary metabolite networks, thereby enhancing livestock productivity, resilience, reducing susceptibility to vectors, and environmentally preferred livestock husbandry.IMPORTANCERumen fermentation, which depends on feed components and rumen microbes, plays a crucial role in feed conversion and the production of various metabolites important for the physiological functions, health, and environmental smartness of ruminant livestock, in addition to providing food for humans. However, given the complexity and variation of the rumen ecosystem and feed of these various livestock species, combined with inter-individual differences between gut microbial communities, how they influence the rumen secondary metabolites remains elusive. Using metagenomics and metabolomics approaches, we show that each livestock species has a signature microbe(s) and secondary metabolites. These findings may contribute toward understanding the rumen ecosystem, microbiome and metabolite networks, which may provide a gateway to manipulating rumen ecosystem pathways toward making livestock production efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor O. Omondi
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi (U.o.N), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - John M. Onyari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi (U.o.N), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Caleb Kibet
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Mwasya
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vanessa N. Onyonyi
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Merid N. Getahun
- Animal Health Theme and Behavioural and Chemical Ecology Unit, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
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Su Z, Wang D, Sizhu S, Luo R, Wang Q, Shi B, Tang W. Study on the genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus in yaks and sheep from Langkazi County in Tibet Autonomous Region of China based on mitochondrial cox1 and nad1. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:132. [PMID: 38353756 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
To determine the genotypes of the epidemic strains of Echinococcus granulosus in livestock in Tibet, samples of E. granulosus cysts were collected from 11 yaks and 62 sheep. Genomic DNA was extracted from these samples, and gene fragments of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (nad1) were amplified by PCR and sequenced. DNASTAR and MAGA7.0 were employed for homology analysis and phylogenetic tree construction. Echinococcus granulosus cysts were detected in 56.2% (41/73) of the samples screened. Of these, 63.4% (26/41) were identified as E. granulosus G1 genotype (common sheep strain), 24.4% (10 /41) as G3 genotype (buffalo strain), and 12.2% (5/41) were G6 genotype (camel strain). The study concludes that yaks and sheep in Langkazi county, Tibet, carry three E. granulosus genotypes (G1, G3, and G6), with the G1 genotype the predominant genotype in the region. This study clarifies the distribution of E. granulosus genotypes, providing genetic data and insight for the surveillance and prevention of echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Su
- Tibet Autonomous Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Lhasa, 850000, Tibet, China
| | - Dongjing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa, 850009, Tibet, China
| | - Suolang Sizhu
- Animal Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, Tibet, China
| | - Runbo Luo
- Animal Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, Tibet, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Agriculture and rural Tibet, Lhasa, 850000, Tibet, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa, 850009, Tibet, China
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa, 850009, Tibet, China.
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Chergui M, Gherissi DE, Titaouine M, Kaouadji Z, Harek D, Koutti S, Boumaraf H, Gaouar SBS. Lactation traits and reproductive performances of Sahraoui female camel in two breeding systems at Algerian Sahara. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:70. [PMID: 38324093 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of the camel livestock system on individual and herd performances of milk production, lactation curve, fats, and protein concentrations. For this purpose, 13 she-camels of Sahraoui breed from the south eastern Algeria and belonging and semi-intensive system (N = 6) and intensive system (N = 7) were studied. Recording and sampling of milk were carried out at regular intervals during a full lactation. The lactation curve was estimated using Wood's gamma function and the t-test of independent groups was carried out to compare lactation performances, lactation curve, and reproductive parameters. The overall average daily milk (DMY), fat (DFY), and protein (DPY) yield were 6.77 ± 0.82 kg/day, 4.15 ± 0.91%, and 4.49 ± 0.20%, respectively. The mean of total milk yield (TMY) was 2696.39 ± 343.86 kg during a mean lactation length (LL) of 398.38 ± 20.65 days. The peak of milk production (6.79 ± 0.68 kg) was reached at 93.9 ± 55.8 days after calving. The open day (DO) and inter-calving interval (ICI) recorded in this study were 348.38 ± 30.33 and 723.38 ± 30.33 days, respectively. There is no significant difference (p > 0.05) between intensive and semi-intensive breeding systems for TMY (2795.39 ± 261.88 kg vs. 2580.89 ± 414.43 kg), DMY (6.96 ± 0.66 kg vs. 6.55 ± 1.00 kg), and LL (402.14 ± 21.18 days vs. 394 ± 21.03 days). However, the total amount of fat was significantly higher in intensive system (182.02 ± 33.91 kg) and the DPY content was significantly higher in semi-intensive system (4.60 ± 0.13%). The parameters α, β, and γ of lactation, fat, and protein curves between the two systems showed a highly significant difference (p < 0.01) for the parameters (α and β) for the milk production curve, significant (p < 0.05) for the time to reach peak yield, and no significance for the other parameters. The corresponding values of the coefficient of determination (R2) were 0.62, 0.35 for milk yield (p > 0.05), 0.12, 0.13 (p > 0.05) for fat, and 0.03, 0.11 (p < 0.05) for protein, in the intensive and semi-intensive systems, respectively. In addition, DO and ICI were not significantly different between the livestock systems, but were higher in the intensive system than the semi-intensive system (337.17 ± 26.26 vs. 712.17 ± 26.26, respectively). The study concluded that the intensive system had a higher milk performance with a more efficient lactation curve. The incomplete gamma model (Wood) used in this study was inappropriate for estimating milk yield, but acceptable for fat and protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Chergui
- Laboratory Diversity of Ecosystems and Dynamics of Agricultural Production Systems in Arid Zones (DEDSPAZA), University of Biskra, BP 68, 07000, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Djalel Eddine Gherissi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Animal Production and Health (PABIOS), Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Souk Ahras, 41000, Souk Ahras, Algeria.
| | - Mohamed Titaouine
- Laboratory Diversity of Ecosystems and Dynamics of Agricultural Production Systems in Arid Zones (DEDSPAZA), University of Biskra, BP 68, 07000, Biskra, Algeria
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio Resources (LGBVB), University of Biskra, PB 68, 07000, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Zoubeyda Kaouadji
- Applied Geneticin Agriculture, Ecology and Public Health (GenApAgiE), Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe Sciences, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
- Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Sidi Bel Abbes, BP 89, 22000, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria
| | - Derradji Harek
- National Institute of Agricultural Research of Algeria (INRAA), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Sassi Koutti
- Laboratory of the Promotion of Innovation in Agriculture in Arid Regions (PIARA), University of Biskra, BP 68, 07000, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Haroun Boumaraf
- Phoeniciculture Studies Research Laboratory (Phoenix), University of Ouargla, 1 Novembre 1954, 30001, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Semir Bechir Suheil Gaouar
- Applied Geneticin Agriculture, Ecology and Public Health (GenApAgiE), Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe Sciences, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
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Al Aiyan A, Balan R, Gebreigziabiher S, Zerom S, Mihreteab Y, Ghebrehiwot E, AlDarwich A, Willingham AL, Kishore U. Comprehensive mapping of the exterior architecture of the dromedary camel brain. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2971. [PMID: 38316875 PMCID: PMC10844311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The morphological perspective of the camel brain remains largely unexplored. Therefore, studying the topography of the camel brain is of crucial importance. This study aimed to provide a detailed color-coded topographic representation of the camel brain's gross anatomy and nomenclature, showing its various gyri and sulci and their borders. We compared them to previously known information to develop a detailed description of camel brain exterior architecture. Our research identified distinctive gyri and sulci with discrete positions and surrounding structures, allowing us to define sulci boundaries and establish logical gyri nomenclature. This study uncovered previously overlooked gyri and sulci and improved descriptions of specific sulci. The ectomarginal sulcus, splenial sulcus, splenial gyrus, and ectogenual gyrus are a few examples. These findings highlight several unique anatomical features of the dromedary brain, which can guide future research. By providing a comprehensive examination of the distinctive exterior anatomical features of the camel brain, this study may serve as a point of convergence for all researchers, providing more accurate identification of the gyri and sulci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al Aiyan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.
| | - Rinsha Balan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Senit Gebreigziabiher
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Simona Zerom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Yotam Mihreteab
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Even Ghebrehiwot
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Adnan AlDarwich
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Arve Lee Willingham
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Uday Kishore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
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Marzok M, Nazih MA, Almubarak AI, Al Mohamad Z, Emam IA, El-Sherif MW. Introducing a novel intraoral mandibular nerve block technique for loco-regional analgesia in camels ( Camelus dromedarius): a cadaveric study using computed tomography. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:42. [PMID: 38308261 PMCID: PMC10837923 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to introduce a novel intraoral technique for performing mandibular nerve blocks in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). In this study, 18 adult camel skulls of varying ages and breeds were examined to determine the position of the mandibular foramen. Using a Vernier caliper, three dimensions in millimeters were measured: (1) the distance between the mandibular foramen (MF) and the caudal edge of the third molar tooth at the occlusal surface level, (2) the distance between the MF and the rostral edge border of the mandible's ramus (RER) at the occlusal surface level, and (3) the distance between the MF and the ventral margin border of the mandible (VM). The technique was evaluated using five intact camel cadaver heads (n = 5), and a total of ten mandibular nerve blocks were described. An 18-gauge 80-mm Tuohy needle was inserted into the mouth commissure and advanced caudally while injecting a saline-methylene blue solution. The accuracy of the injection was confirmed through the infiltration of the contrast dye into the target area using computed tomography (CT) and post procedural dissection. Anatomical study of the mandibular nerve site was performed to aid the blind insertion of the needle. The findings contribute to the development of veterinary anesthesia techniques and provide anatomical considerations for clinicians performing oral surgeries in sedated camels. The results demonstrated the successful implementation of the intraoral technique, highlighting its efficacy and reliability in achieving local anesthesia for oral surgeries involving the lower jaw and teeth in sedated camels. Further research studies are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of the technique and to compare it with existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Marzok
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Nazih
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Elkharga, New Valley, 72511, Egypt
| | - Adel I Almubarak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakriya Al Mohamad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Emam
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed W El-Sherif
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, New Valley University, Elkharga, New Valley, 72511, Egypt
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Sallam KI, Kasem NG, Abdelkhalek A, Elshebrawy HA. Extensively drug-, ciprofloxacin-, cefotaxime-, and azithromycin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from camel meat in Egypt. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 411:110538. [PMID: 38134580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Given the great importance of Salmonella as a leading foodborne pathogen of global concern and the few available data regarding its prevalence in camel meat, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile, virulence genes, β-lactamase genes of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from camel meat marketed in Egypt. Forty-five (29.6 %) of the 152 camel meat samples examined were positive for Salmonella spp. Among the 432 Salmonella presumptive colonies isolated, 128 were molecularly verified as Salmonella after confirmation by PCR targeting the Salmonella marker (invA) gene. Virulence genes, encompassing stn, spvC, and hilA genes, were detected in 91.4 % (117/128), 20.3 % (26/128), and 80.5 % (103/128) of the isolates, respectively. S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Cerro, and S. Montevideo were the most prevalent serovars with incidences of 25 % (32/128), 15.6 % (20/128), 15.6 % (20/128), and 12.5 % (16/128), respectively. Interestingly, 56.3 %, 53.1 %, 37.5 %, 28.1 %, 21.9 %, 18.8 %, 12.5 %, and 3.1 % of the isolates tested showed resistance to cefepime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, colistin, meropenem, and azithromycin, respectively. Salmonella isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic, with a mean multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.472. Interestingly, 59.4 %, 15.6 %, and 3.1 % of the isolates were categorized into multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and pan-drug-resistant, respectively. Only 23 (25 %) of the 92 ampicillin-resistant isolates were proven to be Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella, in which β-lactamase (bla) genes were detected. The blaOXA-2 was the most existing gene where it was detected lonely in 10 of the ampicillin-resistant isolates and coexisted with blaCMY-1 in 4 isolates and with blaCMY-2 in a single isolate. The blaCMY-1, however, existed in 11 isolates, whereas the blaCMY-2 gene was only detected in 3 isolates tested. The present findings affirm that camel meat could be a leading reservoir for multi- and extensively-drug-resistance β-lactamase-producing Salmonella, representing a global public health challenge. Therefore, further research is necessary to detect the prevalence and AMR of Salmonella serovars from camel meat in Egypt and other countries to put camel meat as a source of Salmonella in foods of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Ibrahim Sallam
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Nahed Gomaa Kasem
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hend Ali Elshebrawy
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Peiris JSM, So RTY, Poon LLM, Chu KW, Mok CKP, Zhao J. Single amino acid substitution and inter-species transmission of MERS-coronavirus from camels to humans: abridged secondary publication. Hong Kong Med J 2024; 30 Suppl 1:9-15. [PMID: 38413205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J S M Peiris
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - R T Y So
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L L M Poon
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K W Chu
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C K P Mok
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
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Adamu AM, Onoja AB, Ugbodu VE, Bala RS, Maina M, Salisu US, Pewan SB, David E, Malgwi A, Adamu C, Adeiza A, Herbert M, Horwood P, Adegboye O. Investigating Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus seropositivity in camels and human behavioural risks in an abattoir in Nigeria. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e29. [PMID: 38299329 PMCID: PMC10894886 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an emerging viral pathogen with pandemic potential that is often misdiagnosed. Case fatality in low-resource settings could be up to 40% due to close contact between animals and humans. A two-year cross-sectional study was conducted in Fagge abattoir, Kano State, Nigeria, to estimate the seropositivity of CCHFV in camels using a commercial multi-species competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A closed-ended questionnaire was administered to the abattoir workers to assess their awareness, mitigation, and behavioural practices associated with CCHF. Of the 184 camels tested, 179 (97%) were seropositive for CCHFV (95% confidence interval (CI): 93.77, 99.11). The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age of respondents was 41 (35-52), with 62% having no education. Respondents had little knowledge about CCHFV and the concept of zoonotic disease. In this study, the high estimated prevalence of antibodies to CCHFV in camels highlights the heightened risk of transmission of CCHFV in Nigeria. Similarly, a concerning lack of knowledge and inadequate preventive practices, alongside a prevalence of high-risk behaviours associated with CCHF among abattoir workers, were noted in this study. Thus, there is an urgent need for comprehensive public health education and collaborative One Health strategies to avert the threats of spillover events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Musa Adamu
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Victoria Ehinor Ugbodu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Meshach Maina
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Usman Shehu Salisu
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
| | | | - Emmanuel David
- Nigerian Field and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Arhyel Malgwi
- Nigerian Field and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Cornelius Adamu
- One Health (Man-Imal) Nantes College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Abdulrahman Adeiza
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Megan Herbert
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Paul Horwood
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Oyelola Adegboye
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory Australia
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Tharwat M, El-Ghareeb WR, Almundarij TI. Depraved appetite in dromedary camels: Clinical, ultrasonographic, and postmortem findings. Open Vet J 2024; 14:652-663. [PMID: 38549572 PMCID: PMC10970125 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Camels are subjected to a wide variety of nutritional deficiencies as they are largely dependent upon grazing desert plants. As a consequence, the syndrome of pica or depraved appetite is occasionally seen in dromedary camels. The condition is manifested as chewing or eating abnormal things such as wood, dirt, bones, stones, clothes, plastics, mud, sand, or other inanimate objects. Aim This study was designed to investigate the clinical, ultrasonographic, and postmortem findings in dromedary camels with pica or depraved appetite. Methods Twenty-five camels of 5 days to 15 years were examined. Owner complaints included depraved appetite, loss of body condition, regurgitation of stomach content, and partial or complete absence of feces. Symptoms described were present for a period varying between 3 days, up to 12 months. The stomach compartments and small and large intestines were scanned using ultrasonography from the right and left sides of the abdomen. Necropsy was carried out on six female and three male camels where the thoracic and abdominal organs were examined with special attention to the digestive system. Results The affected animals had a history of gradual loss of body conditions, eating foreign objects, decreased or total absence of feces, and regurgitation of stomach content. Using ultrasound, the foreign body was imaged occluding completely or partially the intestines. Foreign bodies within the rumen could not be visualized with ultrasound. In cases where the rumen is impacted by sand, small pin-points revealing acoustic enhancement were imaged. Foreign bodies were removed from the rumen at exploratory rumenotomy (n = 11), laparotomy (n = 3), or at necropsy (n = 8) in the form of plastics, cloths, sand, mud, wool balls, robes, glasses, or even metallic objects which may be blunt or sharp. Sixteen (64%) of the camels were recovered while the remaining 9 (36%) did not survive. Conclusion The syndrome of pica or depraved appetite is an important condition in dromedary resulting in the ingestion of objects other than normal feed. Substantial economic losses are expected as a result of this syndrome. Ultrasonography of the digestive system may help the clinician in some cases to localize of occluding foreign bodies in the intestines, while in the transabdominal scanning of the stomach is valuable only in cases of sand impaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tharwat
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Waleed R. El-Ghareeb
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq I. Almundarij
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Kulkarni SS, Yamasaki T, Thi Hong Phung L, Karuaera N, Daniels SR, Gavish-Regev E, Sharma PP. Phylogenomic data reveal three new families of poorly studied Solifugae (camel spiders). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 191:107989. [PMID: 38072141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The systematics of the arachnid order Solifugae have been an enigma, owing to challenges in interpreting morphology, a paucity of molecular phylogenetic studies sampling across the group, and a dearth of taxonomic attention for many lineages. Recent work has suggested that solifuge families largely exhibit contiguous distributions and reflect patterns of vicariance, with the exception of three families: Melanoblossidae, Daesiidae and Gylippidae. Morphological studies have cast doubt on their existing circumscriptions and the present composition of these taxa renders their distributions as disjunct. We leveraged ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to test the phylogenetic placement of three key lineages of Solifugae that cause these anomalous distributions: Dinorhax rostrumpsittaci (putative melanoblossid), Namibesia (putative daesiid), and Trichotoma (putative gylippid). Phylogenetic placement of these three genera based on UCEs rendered the families that harbor them as para- or polyphyletic, recovering instead relationships that better accord with a biogeographic history driven by vicariance. Toward a stable and phylogenetically informed classification of Solifugae, we establish three new families, Dinorhaxidae new rank, Namibesiidae new rank and Lipophagidae new rank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth S Kulkarni
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Takeshi Yamasaki
- Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Hyogo, Yayoigaoka 6, Sanda-shi, Hyogo 669-1546, Japan; Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Yayoigaoka 6, Sanda-shi, Hyogo 669-1546, Japan
| | - Luong Thi Hong Phung
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nanguei Karuaera
- Department of Arachnology & Myriapodology & Ichthyology Natural Science, The National Museum of Namibia, 59 Robert Mugabe Ave, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Savel R Daniels
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Efrat Gavish-Regev
- The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Giv'at Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Prashant P Sharma
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Zoology Museum, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Zakaria AM, Amin YA, Zakaria HM, Farrag F, Fericean L, Banatean-Dunea I, Abdo M, Hafez A, Mohamed RH. Impact of grazing around industrial areas on milk heavy metals contamination and reproductive ovarian hormones of she-camel with assessment of some technological processes on reduction of toxic residue concentrations. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:34. [PMID: 38297295 PMCID: PMC10829237 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03882-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are one of the most toxic chemical pollutants of the environment. Their hazards not restricted to human but extend to animal productivity and reproductively. The present study aimed to assess the impact of grazing around industrial areas on the levels of copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) residues in milk samples collected from dromedary she-camels and studying their effects on some ovarian hormones. In addition, the study aimed to investigate methods of removal of the toxic concentrations of these heavy metals in milk by applying different technological processes. Blood and milk samples were collected from 30 dromedary she-camels, 15 grazing in non-industrial areas (group A) and 15 grazing in industrial areas (group B). Detection of the levels of these heavy metals in milk was done. Ovarian hormones investigation on the blood was performed. Different technological processes such as boiling, skimming and fermentation were applied to all contaminated samples to reduce the toxic concentrations of these heavy metals. Results revealed that all examined milk samples in both groups contained Cu, while 40% of group A and 100 % of group B contained Al residues with different concentrations. The levels of Cu and Al residues in samples of group A not exceeded the maximum residual limit (MRL) set by World Health Organization (WHO) while 60% and 100% of milk samples in group B contained Cu and Al residues exceeded MRL, respectively. Technological processes induce variant changes in the levels of these metals in milk. Heat treatment of milk in Al vats leads to leaching of Al from containers to the milk causing significant increase in Al load, while Cu level was not significantly affected. Boiling in stainless-steel containers decreased the levels of Al and Cu but in non-significant levels. Regarding skimming process, small amount of Cu and Al escaped into the skimmed milk while greater amount were recovered in the cream. Fermentation by probiotic bacteria showed that milk fermentation has non-significant effect on Cu and Al levels. Investigation of ovarian hormones (estrogen and progesterone) revealed presence of a signification reduction in the levels of these hormones in group B compared to group A. In addition, a negative correlation was found between these heavy metals and ovarian hormones concentrations in the blood. It is concluded that grazing of dromedary camels around industrial areas induce heavy metals toxicity represented by excretion of these metals in milk and significant reduction on ovarian function showed by reduction of estrogen and progesterone levels. Technological processes such as skimming decreased the levels of Al and Cu residues in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asem Mohammed Zakaria
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
| | - Yahia A Amin
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Haydi Mohamed Zakaria
- Department of Clinical Research and Health Development, Menoufia Directorate of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health and population, 32511 Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Foad Farrag
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Kafr-elsheikh University, Kafr-elsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Delta University for Science and Technology, 7730103, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Liana Fericean
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Life Sciences King Michael I, 300645, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioan Banatean-Dunea
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Life Sciences King Michael I, 300645, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- Department of Animal histology and anatomy, school of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat city, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hafez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Ragab Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
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Kousar K, Shafiq S, Sherazi ST, Iqbal F, Shareef U, Kakar S, Ahmad T. In silico ADMET profiling of Docetaxel and development of camel milk derived liposomes nanocarriers for sustained release of Docetaxel in triple negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:912. [PMID: 38195628 PMCID: PMC10776786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at encapsulation of commonly administered, highly cytotoxic anticancer drug Docetaxel (DTX) in camel milk fat globule-derived liposomes for delivery in triple negative breast cancer cells. Prior to liposomal encapsulation of drug, in silico analysis of Docetaxel was done to predict off target binding associated toxicities in different organs. For this purpose, the ADMET Predictor (TM) Cloud version 10.4.0.5, 64-bit, was utilized to simulate Docetaxel's pharmacokinetic and physicochemical parameters. Freshly milked camel milk was bought from local market, from two breeds Brella and Marecha, in suburbs of Islamabad. After extraction of MFGM-derived liposomes from camel milk, docetaxel was loaded into liposomes by thin film hydration method. The physiochemical properties of liposomes were analyzed by SEM, FTIR and Zeta analysis. The results from SEM showed that empty liposomes (Lp-CM-ChT80) had spherical morphology while DTX loaded liposomes (Lp-CM-ChT80-DTX) exhibited rectangular shape, FTIR revealed the presence of characteristic functional groups which confirmed the successful encapsulation of DTX. Zeta analysis showed that Lp-CM-ChT80-DTX had size of 836.6 nm with PDI of 0.088 and zeta potential of - 18.7 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of Lp-CM-ChT80 turned out to be 25% while in vitro release assay showed slow release of DTX from liposomes as compared to pure DTX using dialysis membrane. The in vitro anticancer activity was analyzed by cell morphology analysis and MTT cytotoxicity assay using different concentrations 80 µg/ml, 120 µg/ml and 180 µg/ml of Lp-CM-ChT80-DTX on MDA-MB-231 cells. The results showed cytotoxic effects increased in time and dose dependent manner, marked by rounding, shrinkage and aggregation of cells. MTT cytotoxicity assay showed that empty liposomes Lp-CM-ChT80 did not have cytotoxic effect while Lp-CM-ChT80-DTX showed highest cytotoxic potential of 60.2% at 180 µg/ml. Stability analysis showed that liposomes were stable till 24 h in solution form at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousain Kousar
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shaheer Shafiq
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Fareeha Iqbal
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Shareef
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer E Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salik Kakar
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Khanpur Road, Mang Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ahmad
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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GU S, CHEN N, ZENG J, PENG X, ZHANG M, GAO Y, PAN L, GE C, LI W, YI X, GUO D, DENG X. [Identifying animal-derived components in camel milk and its products by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. Se Pu 2024; 42:13-23. [PMID: 38197203 PMCID: PMC10782278 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2023.07027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A method for identifying specific peptide biomarkers of animal-milk-derived components in camel milk and its products was established using proteomics. Samples were prepared by defatting, protein extraction, and trypsin hydrolysis, and proteins and peptides were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic orbitrap-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/Exactive-HRMS) and Protein Pilot software. Twenty two peptide biomarkers from eight species (i.e., Camelus, Bos taurus, Bubalus bubalis, Bos grunniens/Bos mutus, Capra hircus, Ovis aries, Equus asinus, Equus caballus) were identified by comparing the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) with the Uniprot database. Verification of these marker peptides were performed quantitatively using a UHPLC-triple-quadrupole mass-spectrometry (QqQ-MS) system by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The pretreatment method of casein in camel milk was optimized, such as defatting, protein precipitation, and re-dissolving buffer solution. The effects of various mass-spectrometry parameters, such as atomization gas, heating- and drying-gas flow rates, and desolvation-tube (DL) and ion-source-interface temperatures on ion-response intensity were optimized. Camel milk signature peptides were detected in a mixture of milk from other seven species to ensure specificity for the selected biomarker peptides. The signature peptides of seven other species were also detected in camel milk. No mutual interference between the selected biomarker peptides of the various species was observed. Adulterated camel milk and milk powder were also quantitatively studied by adding 0, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% bovine milk or goat milk to camel milk. Similarly, the same mass proportion of bovine milk powder or goat milk powder was added to camel milk powder. A quantitative standard curve for adulteration was constructed by plotting the peak areas of characteristic cow or goat peptide segments in each mixed sample against the mass percentage of the added adulterant. The adulteration standard curves exhibited good linearity, with correlation coefficients (r2) greater than 0.99. The limits of detection and quantification (LODs and LOQs, respectively) of the method were determined as three- and ten-times the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). The minimum adulteration LODs of bovine milk and goat milk in camel milk were determined to be 0.35% and 0.49%, respectively, and the minimum LOQs were 1.20% and 1.69%, respectively. The minimum adulteration LODs of bovine milk powder and goat milk powder in camel milk powder were determined to be 0.68% and 0.73%, respectively, and the minimum LOQs were 1.65% and 2.45%, respectively. The accuracy of the adulteration quantification method was investigated by validating the quantitative detection results for 1∶1∶1 (mass ratio) mixtures of camel milk, bovine milk, and goat milk, as well as camel-milk powder, bovine milk powder, and goat-milk powder, which revealed that this method exhibits good linearity, strong anti-interference, high sensitivity, and good repeatability for adulterated liquid-milk/solid-milk-powder samples. The adulteration results for both liquid milk and milk powder are close to the theoretical values. Finally, 11 actual commercially available samples, including five camel-milk and six camel-milk-powder samples were analyzed, which revealed that only camel signature peptides were detected in 10 samples, while camel and bovine signature peptides were both detected in one camel-milk-powder sample. The ingredient list of the latter sample revealed that it contained whole milk powder from an unidentified source; therefore, we infer that the bovine signature peptides originate from the whole milk powder. These signature peptides also demonstrate the necessity and practical significance of establishing this identification method.
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Nahas AE, Almohamad Z, Hagag U. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the dromedary camel distal limbs. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:12. [PMID: 38183041 PMCID: PMC10768528 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lameness associated with the distal limb region in dromedary camels is quiet prevalent. The diagnosis of lameness relies on a comprehensive orthopedic examination conjugated with an appropriate imaging modality to achieve a decisive diagnosis. Using of modern imaging tools provoked a significant breakthrough in the diagnosis of lameness. Ultrasonography (US) is widely established in dromedaries, whereas computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are gaining popularity. CT provides a considerably higher bone detail than any other imaging modality. US and MRI continue to be the best options for soft tissue imaging. A truthful assessment of the clinical US, CT and MRI images dictates a comprehensive familiarity with the standard US, CT and MRI tissue deviations. Accordingly, our purposes were to present a full MRI protocol for investigating the dromedary camel distal limbs as well as comparing and illustrating the merits of using MRI, CT and US for evaluation of the front and hind distal limbs in 10 healthy lameness free dromedary camel cadavers. The limbs were scanned via a high-field 1.5 Tesla MRI magnet and a multi-detector CT scanner then subjected to a systematic US examination in both longitudinal and transverse planes. The obtained MRI, CT and US images were evaluated, correlated and compared. RESULTS CT and MRI eliminated the structural superimposition in the dromedary camel distal limbs and afforded assessment of minute ligamentous and tendentious structures that were inaccessible by US including the axial collateral ligaments, ligaments supporting the proximal sesamoid bones and the palmar/plantar aspects of the inter-phalangeal joints. US and MRI were appreciated for the assessment of the articular cartilage that was not visible on the plain CT images. CONCLUSIONS CT and MRI accurately identified and characterized bones and soft tissues constituting the dromedary camel distal limbs. US was appreciated for assessment of soft tissues, articular cartilage and bone contours. CT and MRI may be considered when US results are inconclusive or to evaluate the unreachable parts of the camel distal limbs. Images presented in this study could be used as a reference standard for evaluating dromedary camel distal limb diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El Nahas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, PO Box 400, 31982, Al-Ahasa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakriya Almohamad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, PO Box 400, 31982, Al-Ahasa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama Hagag
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Santana W, P. Pinheiro A, Silva TA, Lima D. Description of a new fossil Thelyphonida (Arachnida, Uropygi) and further record of Cratosolpuga wunderlichi Selden, in Selden and Shear, 1996 (Arachnida, Solifugae) from Crato Formation (Aptian/Albian), Araripe Basin, Brazil. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16670. [PMID: 38188171 PMCID: PMC10771091 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A new fossil species of whipscorpion, Mesoproctus rayoli n. sp., is described. The specimen originates from the Crato Formation, dating to the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian/Albian) period within the Araripe Sedimentary Basin. This species has been provisionally assigned to Mesoproctus Dunlop, 1998, as it represents the sole known Thelyphonida fossil genus discovered in South America and within Araripe Lagerstätte. Methods The material underwent detailed description and illustration processes. Key diagnostic characters, such as body length, pedipalpal coxae apophysis, the form of the opisthosoma, and the length of leg IV, were meticulously examined. SEM methods were applied in this study. Results Through the detailed analysis, comparisons and differences to Mesoproctus rowlandi Dunlop, 1998 were made possible. Additionally, a well-preserved specimen of the rare camel spider, Cratosolpuga wunderlichi Selden, in Selden and Shear, 1996, was identified from the limestones of the Crato Formation. The newly discovered fossil specimen of Cratosolpuga wunderlichi suggests two characters not previously described: (i) a segmented tarsomere on leg IV; and (ii) a leg I with one tarsal claw.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Santana
- Museu de Paleontologia Plácido Cidade Nuvens, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Santana do Cariri, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Allysson P. Pinheiro
- Museu de Paleontologia Plácido Cidade Nuvens, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Santana do Cariri, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Thiago Andrade Silva
- Museu de Paleontologia Plácido Cidade Nuvens, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Santana do Cariri, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Daniel Lima
- Museu de Paleontologia Plácido Cidade Nuvens, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Santana do Cariri, Ceará, Brazil
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Khalphallah A, Al-Daek T, Abdelhamid M, Elmeligy E, El-Hawari SF, Khesruf KA, Nasr HA, Mohamed RH. Camel filariasis (Dipetalonema evansi) and its association with clinical balanoposthitis with reference to prominent changes in clinical findings, serum testosterone, semen analysis, and testicular histopathology. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:1. [PMID: 38172872 PMCID: PMC10763322 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camel filariasis induced variable clinical syndromes characterized by fever, lethargy, localized dermal lesions, loss of condition, and testicular and scrotal swelling. The objective of the present work focused on clarifying the diagnostic importance of clinical findings, serum testosterone, and semen analysis as well as blood smear and testicular histopathology as a differential tool between only balanoposthitis without filariasis male camels group (OnlyBpgr) and balanoposthitis-filariasis infected male camels group (BpFlgr). The study also monitored the associations between the severity of ticks' infestations in investigated male camels and the occurrence of balanoposthitis only or balanoposthitis with filariasis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The study reported significant correlation between serum testosterone, serum cortisol, and sperm vitality and abnormalities percentages. The study included male camels (n = 250) classified into three groups: healthy control group (Contgr; n = 30), OnlyBpgr (n = 210), and BpFlgr (n = 10). These male camels were clinically and laboratory examined, and skin scraping tests and testicular histopathology were conducted. The study confirmed the association of the changes in clinical findings, whole blood picture, serum testosterone, serum cortisol, and semen analysis, with OnlyBpgr and BpFlgr. These changes were more prominent in BpFlgr than in OnlyBpgr. Skin scraping test results revealed a higher severity of live ticks' infestation in BpFlgr than in OnlyBpgr because, unlike OnlyBpgr, all camels in BpFlgr (n = 10) were suffering from live ticks' infestation. It also concluded the higher efficacy of histopathology of testicular tissues in male camels as a diagnostic tool for adult filaria in balanoposthitis-affected male camels than blood smear because all cases of camel filariasis in the current work were negative for microfilaria on microscopic examination of diurnal blood smear as well as testicular histopathology revealed detection of adult filaria in all camel filariasis associated with balanoposthitis. Strong correlation relationships were demonstrated between serum testosterone, serum cortisol, and semen analysis results. Positive correlations were reported between serum testosterone levels and sperm vitality percentages. However, negative correlations were stated between serum testosterone and each of serum cortisol and sperm abnormalities either in Contgr, OnlyBpgr, or BpFlgr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafat Khalphallah
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Taher Al-Daek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al-bayda, 919, Libya
| | - Mahmoud Abdelhamid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Enas Elmeligy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Sayed Fathi El-Hawari
- Department of clinical studies, Collage of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A Khesruf
- Department of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Heba A Nasr
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Ragab H Mohamed
- Department of Theriogenology, Obstetrics, and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
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Aregawi WG, Levecke B, Ashenafi H, Byaruhanga C, Kebede N, Mulinge E, Wassermann M, Romig T, Dorny P, Dermauw V. Epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in the Greater Horn of Africa: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011894. [PMID: 38271288 PMCID: PMC10810510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonotic disease that is caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.), the life cycle of which involves multiple hosts. We conducted a systematic review (SR) on E. granulosus s.l. in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA), to provide a picture of its recent epidemiology across all hosts. METHODS For this SR, conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, five electronic databases, as well experts in the region were consulted to retrieve records published between 2000 and 2022, reporting the presence of E. granulosus s.l. infections in any natural host in the GHA (Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 247 records were retained, describing the presence of E. granulosus s.l. throughout the GHA, except for Djibouti. Only few population surveys on human CE were conducted in the area, with the prevalence ranging between 0.3 and 11.3%. In animals, the reported prevalence ranged up to 61.6% in camels, 88.4% in cattle; 65.2% in goats, 9.9% in pigs, 67.8% in sheep and 94.5% in dogs. In addition, E. granulosus s.l. was also reported in wildlife. A total of five species were reported in the different hosts, namely E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1, G3, GOmo), E. canadensis (G6/7), E. ortleppi (G5), E. felidis, and E. equinus (G4). CONCLUSIONS We confirm that E. granulosus s.l. is prevalent throughout the GHA. Nevertheless, despite our efforts to screen grey literature, an accurate assessment of the epidemiology in GHA remains challenging, due to the lack of combined host, in-depth risk factor and behavioural studies, as well as the wide diversity in subpopulations studied and diagnostic tools used. Interdisciplinary and transboundary partnerships would be essential for the design of effective control strategies, tuned to the GHA setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weldegebrial G. Aregawi
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bruno Levecke
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hagos Ashenafi
- Unit of Animal Health and Zoonotic Diseases Research, Addis Ababa University, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Charles Byaruhanga
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nigatu Kebede
- Unit of Animal Health and Zoonotic Diseases Research, Addis Ababa University, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Thomas Romig
- Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Farouk SM, Basha WAA, Emam MA, Metwally E. Differential expression of epithelial and smooth muscle lineage-specific markers of metanephros in one-humped camel foetuses. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e12985. [PMID: 37814965 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of the metanephros in one-humped camels involves a complex series of interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. As a result, there is a synchronized differentiation process of stromal, vascular and epithelial cell types during glomerulogenesis, angiogenesis and tubulogenesis. In the current work, the metanephros of camel foetuses were divided into four stages where kidneys from each stage were processed and immunoassayed, followed by quantitative analysis to determine target protein intensities throughout metanephrogenesis in the camel. This study demonstrated robust expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the glomerular mesangium, as well as in interlobular and glomerular arterioles during the earlier stages of development. However, in the late stages, α-SMA expression became more localized around the blood capillaries in both the cortex and medulla. Strong expression of CD34 was observed in the immature glomerular and peritubular endothelial cells within the subcapsular zone, as well as in the glomerular, proximal tubular and distal tubular epithelium of stage one foetuses, although its expression gradually diminished with foetal maturation. The expression pattern of osteopontin was prominently observed in the distal convoluted tubules throughout all stages, however, no expression was detected in the proximal tubules, glomeruli and arterioles. E-cadherin was detected in the developing renal tubular epithelial cells but not in the glomeruli. In conclusion, this study reveals the spatiotemporal distribution of key proteins, including α-SMA, CD34, Osteopontin and E-cadherin, which play a crucial role in metanephrogenesis in camel foetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh M Farouk
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Walaa A A Basha
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Emam
- Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Metwally
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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El-Alfy ES, Abbas I, Saleh S, Elseadawy R, Fereig RM, Rizk MA, Xuan X. Tick-borne pathogens in camels: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence in dromedaries. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102268. [PMID: 37769585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Published data on tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in camels worldwide have been collected to provide an overview of the global prevalence and species diversity of camelid TBPs. Several TBPs have been detected in dromedary camels, raising concerns regarding their role as natural or maintenance hosts for tick-borne pathogens. Insubstantial evidence exists regarding the natural infection of camels with Babesia spp., Theileria spp., Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp., particularly because most of the camels were considered healthy at the time of sampling. Based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, a pooled prevalence of 35.3% (95% CI: 22.6-48.1%) was estimated for Anaplasma, which was the most frequently tested TBP in dromedaries, and DNA of Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma centrale, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma platys, and A. platys-like were isolated, of which ruminants and dogs are reservoirs. Similarly, the estimated pooled prevalence for the two piroplasmid genera; Babesia and Theileria was approximately equal (10-12%) regardless of the detection method (microscopy or PCR testing). Nevertheless, Babesia caballi, Theileria equi, and Theileria annulata DNA have frequently been detected in camels but they have not yet been proven to be natural hosts. Scarce data detected Babesia microti, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) DNA in blood of dromedaries, although ticks of the genus Ixodes are distributed in limited areas where dromedaries are raised. Interestingly, a pooled seroprevalence of 47.7% (26.3-69.2%) was estimated for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, and viral RNA was detected in dromedary blood; however, their contribution to maintain the viral transmission cycles requires further experimental investigation. The substantially low incidence and scarcity of data on Rickettsia and Ehrlichia species could imply that camels were accidentally infected. In contrast, camels may play a role in the spread of Coxiella burnetii, which is primarily transmitted through the inhalation of aerosols emitted by diseased animals and contaminated environments. Bactrian camels showed no symptoms due to the examined TBPs, meanwhile, clinical disease was seen in alpacas infected with A. phagocytophilum. Similar to dromedaries, accidental tick bites may be the cause of TBP DNA found in the blood of Bactrian camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed El-Alfy
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Abbas
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Somaya Saleh
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Rana Elseadawy
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ragab M Fereig
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena City, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo Rizk
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
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Selmi R, Mamlouk A, Belkahia H, Ben Yahia H, Abdelaali H, Jemli MH, Ben Said M, Messadi L. Serological and molecular survey of brucellosis and chlamydiosis in dromedary camels from Tunisia. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 104:102098. [PMID: 38007988 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The present sero-epidemiological survey was designed and conducted to scrutinize the current status of camel-related brucellosis and chlamydiosis in Tunisia. Whole blood and serum samples were collected from 470 dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) from eight different Tunisian governorates. Serum samples were subjected to indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The detection of Brucella and Chlamydia DNA was performed using conventional PCR targeting the bcsp-31 and 16 S rRNA gene, respectively. Overall, 10/470(2.12%) and 27/470 (5.75%) camels were revealed seropositive to Brucella and Chlamydia, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed different risk factors associated with these infections. Meaningful high rates of seropositivity of brucellosis (9.5%; p = 0.000; OR=64.193) and chlamydiosis (22.6%; p = 0.000; OR=42.860) were noted among camels showing previous abortions in particular for aged females. Besides, Chlamydia seropositivity is significantly important during winter (12.5%; p = 0.009; OR= 27.533), and in camels raised in small farms (11.4%, p = 0.000, OR=86.052). Molecular analysis revealed no positivity from all analyzed blood samples. These findings indicate the involvement of camels in the epidemiology of these abortive infectious diseases. This raises awareness and serious public health concern for infectious camel diseases in order to develop further diagnostic improvements and effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Selmi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, LR16AGR01, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia; Ministry of National Defense, General Directorate of Military Health, Military Center of Veterinary Medicine, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Aymen Mamlouk
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, LR16AGR01, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Hanene Belkahia
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, LR16AGR01, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Houcine Ben Yahia
- Ministry of National Defense, General Directorate of Military Health, Military Center of Veterinary Medicine, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hedi Abdelaali
- Ministry of National Defense, General Directorate of Military Health, Military Center of Veterinary Medicine, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed-Habib Jemli
- Laboratory of Parasitology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, LR16AGR01, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia; Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Messadi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, LR16AGR01, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
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