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Liu C, Zou Y, Zhang M, Chi C, Zhang D, Wu F, Ding CF. A simple strategy for d/l- carnitine analysis in food samples using ion mobility spectrometry and theoretical calculations. Food Chem 2024; 442:138457. [PMID: 38271903 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a straightforward approach to the separation d/l-carnitine (d/l-Carn) using ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and theoretical calculations. Natamycin (Nat) was used as separation reagent to interact with the Carn, metal ions (G) were employed as ligand, the resultant ternary complexes [d/l-Carn + Nat + G]+ were observed experimentally. IM-MS results revealed that d/l-Carn could be baseline separated via complex formation using Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+, with a maximum peak separation resolution (Rp-p) of 2.91; Theoretical calculations were performed to determine the optimal conformations of [d/l-Carn + Nat + Li/K]+, and the predicted collisional cross section values were consistent with the experimental values. Conformational analysis was used to elucidate the enantiomeric separation of d/l-Carn at the molecular level via the formation of ternary complexes. Furthermore, quantitative analyses for the determination of the enantiomers were established with effective linearity and acceptable sensitivity. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied in the determination of d/l-Carn in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Manli Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Chaoxian Chi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Di Zhang
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fangling Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
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Suyamud B, Lohwacharin J, Ngamratanapaiboon S. Effect of dissolved organic matter on bacterial regrowth and response after ultraviolet disinfection. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171864. [PMID: 38521274 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on bacterial regrowth in water after disinfection using ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (UVLEDs) is still unclear. Herein, the regrowth and responses of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Bacillus cereus were investigated after being exposed to UVLEDs at combined wavelengths (265 and 280 nm) in a phosphate-buffered saline consisting of Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM) and Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA). Low-molecular-weight (MW) organic compounds, which may form into intermediary photoproducts, and indicate bacterial repair metabolism, were characterized through non-target screening using orbitrap mass spectrometry. This study demonstrates the ability of the UVLEDs-inactivated cells to regrow. After UV exposure, a considerable upregulation of RecA was observed in two strains. With increasing the incubation time, the expression levels of RecA in V. parahaemolyticus increased, which may be attributed to the dark repair mechanism. Coexisting anionic DOM affects both the disinfection and bacterial regrowth processes. The time required for bacterial regrowth after UV exposure reflects the time needed for the individual cells to reactivate, and it differs in the presence or absence of DOM. In the presence of DOM, the cells were less damaged and required less time to grow. The UVLEDs exposure results in the occurrence of low-MW organic compounds, including carnitine or acryl-carnitine with N-acetylmuramic acid, which are associated with bacterial repair metabolism. Overall, the results of this study expand the understanding of the effects of water matrices on bacterial health risks. This can aid in the development of more effective strategies for water disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkotrat Suyamud
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jenyuk Lohwacharin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Professor Aroon Sorathesn Center of Excellence in Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Surachai Ngamratanapaiboon
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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Malatesta M, Fornasier E, Di Salvo ML, Tramonti A, Zangelmi E, Peracchi A, Secchi A, Polverini E, Giachin G, Battistutta R, Contestabile R, Percudani R. One substrate many enzymes virtual screening uncovers missing genes of carnitine biosynthesis in human and mouse. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3199. [PMID: 38615009 PMCID: PMC11016064 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing availability of experimental and computational protein structures entices their use for function prediction. Here we develop an automated procedure to identify enzymes involved in metabolic reactions by assessing substrate conformations docked to a library of protein structures. By screening AlphaFold-modeled vitamin B6-dependent enzymes, we find that a metric based on catalytically favorable conformations at the enzyme active site performs best (AUROC Score=0.84) in identifying genes associated with known reactions. Applying this procedure, we identify the mammalian gene encoding hydroxytrimethyllysine aldolase (HTMLA), the second enzyme of carnitine biosynthesis. Upon experimental validation, we find that the top-ranked candidates, serine hydroxymethyl transferase (SHMT) 1 and 2, catalyze the HTMLA reaction. However, a mouse protein absent in humans (threonine aldolase; Tha1) catalyzes the reaction more efficiently. Tha1 did not rank highest based on the AlphaFold model, but its rank improved to second place using the experimental crystal structure we determined at 2.26 Å resolution. Our findings suggest that humans have lost a gene involved in carnitine biosynthesis, with HTMLA activity of SHMT partially compensating for its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Malatesta
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Martino Luigi Di Salvo
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Tramonti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Zangelmi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Peracchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Eugenia Polverini
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giachin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Contestabile
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Percudani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Talebi S, Mohammadi H, Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Arab A, Keshavarz Mohammadian M, Ghoreishy SM, Abbaspour Tehrani Fard M, Amiri Khosroshahi R, Djafarian K. Nutritional interventions for exercise-induced muscle damage: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized trials. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:639-653. [PMID: 37460208 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Several meta-analyses have been conducted on the effect of nutritional interventions on various factors related to muscle damage. However, the strength of the evidence and its clinical significance are unclear. OBJECTIVES This umbrella review aimed to provide an evidence-based overview of nutritional interventions for exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were systematically searched up to May 2022. DATA EXTRACTION Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials investigating nutritional interventions' effects on recovery following EIMD were included. The certainty of the evidence was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). RESULTS Fifty-three randomized controlled trial meta-analyses were included, evaluating 24 nutritional interventions on 10 different outcomes. The results revealed a significant effect of hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation and l-carnitine supplementation for reducing postexercise creatine kinase; HMB supplementation for reducing lactate dehydrogenase; branched-chain amino acids and leaf extract supplementation for reducing the delayed onset of muscle soreness; and l-carnitine, curcumin, ginseng, polyphenols, and anthocyanins for reducing muscle soreness, all with moderate certainty of evidence. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with HMB, l-carnitine, branched-chain amino acids, curcumin, ginseng, leaf extract, polyphenols, and anthocyanins showed favorable effects on some EIMD-related outcomes. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022352565.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepide Talebi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Arab
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbaspour Tehrani Fard
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Amiri Khosroshahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dai X, Liang M, Dai Y, Ding S, Sun X, Xu L. Causality of genetically determined blood metabolites on irritable bowel syndrome: A Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298963. [PMID: 38568932 PMCID: PMC10990233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional bowel disorders and dysmetabolism plays an important role in the pathogenesis of disease. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of information regarding the causal relationship between circulating metabolites and IBS. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted in order to evaluate the causal relationship between genetically proxied 486 blood metabolites and IBS. METHODS A two-sample MR analysis was implemented to assess the causality of blood metabolites on IBS. The study utilized a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to examine 486 metabolites as the exposure variable while employing a GWAS study with 486,601 individuals of European descent as the outcome variable. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used to estimate the causal relationship of metabolites on IBS, while several methods were performed to eliminate the pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Another GWAS data was used for replication and meta-analysis. In addition, reverse MR and linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) were employed for additional assessment. Multivariable MR analysis was conducted in order to evaluate the direct impact of metabolites on IBS. RESULTS Three known and two unknown metabolites were identified as being associated with the development of IBS. Higher levels of butyryl carnitine (OR(95%CI):1.10(1.02-1.18),p = 0.009) and tetradecanedioate (OR(95%CI):1.13(1.04-1.23),p = 0.003)increased susceptibility of IBS and higher levels of stearate(18:0)(OR(95%CI):0.72(0.58-0.89),p = 0.003) decreased susceptibility of IBS. CONCLUSION The metabolites implicated in the pathogenesis of IBS possess potential as biomarkers and hold promise for elucidating the underlying biological mechanisms of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Dai
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Liang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanna Dai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi Xinwu District Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Shaohua Ding
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohe Sun
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Luzhou Xu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Liang Z, He H, Zhang B, Kai Z, Zong L. Hypoxia expedites the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma by promoting the CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidative pathway. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22168. [PMID: 38450796 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been reported to promote the proliferation and migration of thyroid cancer, while the special mechanism was still unclear. HIF-1α/carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A) was found to be associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) but the biological role of CPT1A in PTC was not explored. The effects of hypoxia and carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A) expression on PTC cells were determined by cell counting kit-8 assay, detection of oxidative stress, inflammation response and mitochondrial membrane motential (MMP). Oil Red O staining and the detection of free fatty acids were performed to assess the status of lipid metabolism. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to assess cell apoptosis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analysis were applied to investigate the expressions of CPT1A and HIF-1α and the molecules involved cell function. The expressions of CPT1A and HIF-1α were significantly increased in PTC cells with or without hypoxia treatment. CPT1A overexpression or silencing promoted or inhibited cell viability, and hypoxia further repressed cell viability. In addition, CPT1A overexpression alleviates hypoxia-induced increased oxidative stress, inflammation response and elevated MMP. CPT1A overexpression enhanced palmitic acid-induced decreased cell growth, enhanced the metabolic capacity of free fatty acid and suppressed cell apoptosis. Animal experiments showed that CPT1A overexpression promoted PTC tumor growth, reduced lipid deposition, oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as enhancing cell function indicators. However, CPT1A silencing showed the opposite effects both in vitro and in vivo. Hypoxia induces the high expression of HIF-1α/CPT1A, thereby reprogramming the lipid metabolism of PTC cells for adapting the hypoxia environment, meanwhile inhibiting the cell damage and apoptosis caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Liang
- Zhantansi Outpatient, Central Medical District of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng He
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Topgen Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Zhantansi Outpatient, Central Medical District of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhentian Kai
- Zhejiang Shaoxing Topgen Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zong
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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Mishra N, Sharma M, Mishra P, Nisha R, Singh P, Pal RR, Singh N, Singh S, Maurya P, Pant S, Mishra PR, Saraf SA. Transporter targeted- carnitine modified pectin-chitosan nanoparticles for inositol hexaphosphate delivery to the colon: An in silico and in vitro approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130517. [PMID: 38423444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Orally targeted delivery systems have attracted ample interest in colorectal cancer management. In this investigation, we developed Inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) loaded Tripolyphosphate (Tr) crosslinked Pectin (Pe) Chitosan (Ch) nanoparticles (IHP@Tr*Pe-Ch-NPs) and modified them with l-Carnitine (CE) (CE-IHP@Tr*Pe-Ch-NPs) to improve uptake in colon cells. The formulated CE-IHP@Tr*Pe-Ch-NPs displayed a monodisperse distribution with 219.3 ± 5.5 nm diameter and 30.17 mV surface charge. Cell-line studies revealed that CE-IHP@Tr*Pe-Ch-NPs exhibited excellent biocompatibility in J774.2 and decreased cell viability in DLD-1, HT-29, and MCF7 cell lines. More cell internalization was seen in HT-29 and MCF7 due to overexpression of the OCTN2 and ATB0,+ transporter (CE transporters) compared to DLD-1. The cell cycle profile, reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential assays were performed to explore the chemo-preventive mechanism of CE-IHP@Tr*Pe-Ch-NPs. Moreover, the in-silico docking studies revealed enhanced interactive behavior of CE-IHP@Tr*Pe-Ch-NPs, thereby proving their targeting ability. All the findings suggested that CE-IHP@Tr*Pe-Ch-NPs could be a promising drug delivery approach for colon cancer targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Sharma
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Mishra
- Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raquibun Nisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Raj Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samipta Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Maurya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suyash Pant
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Prabhat Ranjan Mishra
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Sawicki CM, Pacheco LS, Rivas-Tumanyan S, Cao Z, Haslam DE, Liang L, Tucker KL, Joshipura K, Bhupathiraju SN. Association of Gut Microbiota-Related Metabolites and Type 2 Diabetes in Two Puerto Rican Cohorts. Nutrients 2024; 16:959. [PMID: 38612993 PMCID: PMC11013596 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Aims: Gut microbiota metabolites may play integral roles in human metabolism and disease progression. However, evidence for associations between metabolites and cardiometabolic risk factors is sparse, especially in high-risk Hispanic populations. We aimed to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between gut microbiota related metabolites and measures of glycemia, dyslipidemia, adiposity, and incident type 2 diabetes in two Hispanic observational cohorts. (2) Methods: We included data from 670 participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) and 999 participants of the San Juan Overweight Adult Longitudinal Study (SOALS). Questionnaires and clinical examinations were conducted over 3 years of follow-up for SOALS and 6 years of follow-up for BPRHS. Plasma metabolites, including L-carnitine, betaine, choline, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), were measured at baseline in both studies. We used multivariable linear models to evaluate the associations between metabolites and cardiometabolic risk factors and multivariable logistic and Poisson regressions to assess associations with prevalent and incident type 2 diabetes, adjusted for potential confounding factors. Cohort-specific analyses were combined using a fixed-effects meta-analysis. (3) Results: Higher plasma betaine was prospectively associated with lower fasting glucose [-0.97 mg/dL (95% CI: -1.59, -0.34), p = 0.002], lower HbA1c [-0.02% (95% CI: -0.04, -0.01), p = 0.01], lower HOMA-IR [-0.14 (95% CI: -0.23, -0.05), p = 0.003], and lower fasting insulin [-0.27 mcU/mL (95% CI: -0.51, -0.03), p = 0.02]. Betaine was also associated with a 22% lower incidence of type 2 diabetes (IRR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.95). L-carnitine was associated with lower fasting glucose [-0.68 mg/dL (95% CI: -1.29, -0.07), p = 0.03] and lower HbA1c at follow-up [-0.03% (95% CI: -0.05, -0.01), p < 0.001], while TMAO was associated with higher fasting glucose [0.83 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.22, 1.44), p = 0.01] and higher triglycerides [3.52 mg/dL (95% CI: 1.83, 5.20), p < 0.0001]. Neither choline nor TMAO were associated with incident type 2 diabetes. (4) Conclusions: Higher plasma betaine showed consistent associations with a lower risk of glycemia, insulinemia, and type 2 diabetes. However, TMAO, a metabolite of betaine, was associated with higher glucose and lipid concentrations. These observations demonstrate the importance of gut microbiota metabolites for human cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleigh M. Sawicki
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.S.); (D.E.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Lorena S. Pacheco
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Sona Rivas-Tumanyan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00921, USA; (S.R.-T.); (K.J.)
| | - Zheyi Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Danielle E. Haslam
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.S.); (D.E.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Katherine L. Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Kaumudi Joshipura
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00921, USA; (S.R.-T.); (K.J.)
| | - Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.M.S.); (D.E.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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9
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Wong CN, Gui XY, Rabkin SW. Myeloperoxidase, carnitine, and derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolites in heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction: A meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2024; 399:131657. [PMID: 38101703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) continues to be challenging. Several inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers have recently been suggested to be involved in HFpEF. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review was to synthesize the evidence on non-traditional biomarkers from metabolomic studies that may distinguish HFpEF from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and controls without HF. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using Medline and PubMed with search terms such as "HFpEF" and "metabolomics", and a meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS Myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in HFpEF than controls without HF, but comparable (p = 0.838) between HFpEF and HFrEF. Carnitine levels were significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in HFrEF than HFpEF, but comparable (p = 0.443) between HFpEF and controls without HF. Derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolites (DROMs) were not significantly (p = 0.575) higher in HFpEF than controls without HF. CONCLUSION These data suggest that MPO is operative in HFpEF and HFrEF and may be a biomarker for HF. Furthermore, circulating carnitine levels may distinguish HFrEF from HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenille N Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xi Yao Gui
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Simon W Rabkin
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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10
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Wu X, Li Y, Chen Q, Wu S, Su C, Li D, Chen Y, Wei H. [Clinical features and genetic analysis of three children with β-ketothiolase deficiency]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2024; 41:289-293. [PMID: 38448016 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511374-20221109-00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical features and genetic variants in three children suspected for β-ketothiolase deficiency (BKTD). METHODS Clinical manifestations, laboratory examination and genetic testing of three children suspected for BKTD at Henan Children's Hospital between January 2018 and October 2022 were collected, and their clinical and genetic variants were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The children were all males with a age from 7 to 11 months. Their clinical manifestations have included poor spirit, shortness of breath, vomiting, convulsions after traumatic stress and/or infection. All of them had severe metabolic acidosis, elevated ketone bodies in blood and urine, hypoglycemia, with increased isoprenyl-carnitine and 3-hydroxyisovalyl-carnitine in the blood, and 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate and methylprotaroyl glycine in the urine. All of them were found to harbor compound heterozygous variants of the ACAT1 gene, including c.1183G>T and a large fragment deletion (11q22.3-11q23.1) in child 1, c.121-3C>G and c.826+5_826+9delGTGTT in child 2, and c.928G>C and c.1142T>C in child 3. The variants harbored by children 2 and 3 were known to be pathogenic or likely pathogenic. The heterozygous c.1183G>T variant in child 1 was unreported previously and rated as a variant of unknown significance (PM2_Supporting+PP3+PP4) based on guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. The large segment deletion in 11q22.3-11q23.1 has not been included in the DGV Database and was rated as a pathogenic copy number variation. CONCLUSION The variants of the ACAT1 gene probably underlay the pathogenesis of BKTD in these three children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Genetic Metabolism, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China.
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Leal-Ortega R, Parra-Medina LE, González-Herrera LJ. L-2 hydroxyglutaric aciduria: report of a Mexican-Mayan patient with the mutation c.569C>T and response to vitamin supplements and levo carnitine. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2024; 14:12. [PMID: 38464914 PMCID: PMC10921960 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L2HGA) is a rare inherited autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the L2HGDH gene which encodes mitochondrial 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase. Here, we report a case of L2HGA in a Mexican-Mayan patient with a homozygous mutation at L2HGDH gene and clinical response to vitamin supplements and levocarnitine. Case report A 17-year-old, right-handed female patient with long-term history of seizures, developmental delay and ataxia was referred to a movement disorders specialist for the evaluation of tremor. Her brain MRI showed typical findings of L2HGA. The diagnosis was corroborated with elevated levels of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid in urine and genetic test which revealed a homozygous genetic known variant c.569C>T in exon 5 of L2HGDH gene. She was treated with levocarnitine and vitamin supplements, showing improvement in tremor and gait. Discussion To our knowledge this is the first report of a Mexican patient with L2HGA. This case adds information about a rare condition in a different ethnic group and supports the findings of other authors which encountered symptomatic improvement with the use of flavin adenine dinucleotide (and its precursor riboflavin), and levocarnitine. Highlights We report the first case of Mexican-Mayan patient with L2HGA showing a missense homozygous mutation in L2HGDH gene, and improvement of symptoms with vitamin supplements and levocarnitine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Leal-Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Peninsula de Yucatán. Mérida, Mexico
| | - Luis Enrique Parra-Medina
- Department of Neurology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez". Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Josefina González-Herrera
- DIMYGEN Laboratorio S.C.P, Mérida, Yucatán, México
- Laboratory of Genetics. Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Mérida, Mexico
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Kong X, Gui Q, Liu H, Qian F, Wang P. Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Aryl Alcohol with a Novel Kosakonia radicincitans Isolate in Tween 20/L- carnitine: Lysine-Containing Synergistic Reaction System. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1509-1526. [PMID: 37428385 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Chiral trifluoromethyl alcohols as vital intermediates are of great interest in fine chemicals and especially in pharmaceutical synthesis. In this work, a novel isolate Kosakonia radicincitans ZJPH202011 was firstly employed as biocatalyst for the synthesis of (R)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol ((R)-BPFL) with good enantioselectivity. By optimizing fermentation conditions and bioreduction parameters in aqueous buffer system, the substrate concentration of 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone (BPFO) was doubled from 10 to 20 mM, and the enantiomeric excess (ee) value for (R)-BPFL increased from 88.8 to 96.4%. To improve biocatalytic efficiency by strengthening the mass-transfer rate, natural deep-eutectic solvents, surfactants and cyclodextrins (CDs) were introduced separately in the reaction system as cosolvent. Among them, L-carnitine: lysine (C: Lys, molar ratio 1:2), Tween 20 and γ-CD manifested higher (R)-BPFL yield compared with other same kind of cosolvents. Furthermore, based on the excellent performance of both Tween 20 and C: Lys (1:2) in enhancing BPFO solubility and ameliorating cell permeability, a Tween 20/C: Lys (1:2)-containing integrated reaction system was then established for efficient bioproduction of (R)-BPFL. After optimizing the critical factors involved in BPFO bioreduction in this synergistic reaction system, BPFO loading increased up to 45 mM and the yield reached 90.0% within 9 h, comparatively only 37.6% yield was acquired in neat aqueous buffer. This is the first report on K. radicincitans cells as new biocatalyst applied in (R)-BPFL preparation, and the developed Tween 20/C: Lys-containing synergistic reaction system has great potential for the synthesis of various chiral alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxin Kong
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gui
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qian
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Meng XH, Chen BB, Liu XW, Zhang JX, Xie S, Liu LJ, Wen LF, Deng AM, Mao ZH. Inferring Causal Relationships Between Metabolites and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Using Summary Statistics from Genome‑Wide Association Studies. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:832-839. [PMID: 37831368 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Previous studies have suggested that metabolites may play a pivotal mediating role in the progression of phenotypic variations. Although several metabolites had been identified as potential markers for PCOS, the relationship between blood metabolites and PCOS was not comprehensively explored. Previously, Pickrell et al. designed a robust approach to infer evidence of a causal relationship between different phenotypes using independently putative causal SNPs. Our previous paper extended this approach to make it more suitable for cases where only a few independently putative causal SNPs were identified to be significantly associated with the phenotypes (i.e., metabolites). When the most significant SNPs in each independent locus (the independent lead SNPs) with p-values of < 1 × 10-5 were used, 3 metabolites (2-tetradecenoyl carnitine, threitol, 1-docosahexaenoylglycerophosphocholine) causally influencing PCOS and 2 metabolites (asparagine and phenyllactate) influenced by PCOS were identified, (relative likelihood r < 0.01). Under a less stringent threshold of r < 0.05, 7 metabolites (trans-4-hydroxyproline, glutaroyl carnitine, stachydrine, undecanoate, 7-Hoca, N-acetylalanine and 2-hydroxyisobutyrate) were identified. Taken together, this study can provide novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PCOS; whether these metabolites can serve as biomarkers to predict PCOS in clinical practice warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-He Meng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Center of Genetics, Changsha Jiangwan Maternity Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Xi Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shun Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lv-Jun Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Feng Wen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ai-Min Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zeng-Hui Mao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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Schwantje M, Mosegaard S, Knottnerus SJG, van Klinken JB, Wanders RJ, van Lenthe H, Hermans J, IJlst L, Denis SW, Jaspers YRJ, Fuchs SA, Houtkooper RH, Ferdinandusse S, Vaz FM. Tracer-based lipidomics enables the discovery of disease-specific candidate biomarkers in mitochondrial β-oxidation disorders. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23478. [PMID: 38372965 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302163r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Carnitine derivatives of disease-specific acyl-CoAs are the diagnostic hallmark for long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation disorders (lcFAOD), including carnitine shuttle deficiencies, very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD), long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) and mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (MPTD). The exact consequence of accumulating lcFAO-intermediates and their influence on cellular lipid homeostasis is, however, still unknown. To investigate the fate and cellular effects of the accumulating lcFAO-intermediates and to explore the presence of disease-specific markers, we used tracer-based lipidomics with deuterium-labeled oleic acid (D9-C18:1) in lcFAOD patient-derived fibroblasts. In line with previous studies, we observed a trend towards neutral lipid accumulation in lcFAOD. In addition, we detected a direct connection between the chain length and patterns of (un)saturation of accumulating acylcarnitines and the various enzyme deficiencies. Our results also identified two disease-specific candidate biomarkers. Lysophosphatidylcholine(14:1) (LPC(14:1)) was specifically increased in severe VLCADD compared to mild VLCADD and control samples. This was confirmed in plasma samples showing an inverse correlation with enzyme activity, which was better than the classic diagnostic marker C14:1-carnitine. The second candidate biomarker was an unknown lipid class, which we identified as S-(3-hydroxyacyl)cysteamines. We hypothesized that these were degradation products of the CoA moiety of accumulating 3-hydroxyacyl-CoAs. S-(3-hydroxyacyl)cysteamines were significantly increased in LCHADD compared to controls and other lcFAOD, including MTPD. Our findings suggest extensive alternative lipid metabolism in lcFAOD and confirm that lcFAOD accumulate neutral lipid species. In addition, we present two disease-specific candidate biomarkers for VLCADD and LCHADD, that may have significant relevance for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Schwantje
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Signe Mosegaard
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan J G Knottnerus
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Bert van Klinken
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald J Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk van Lenthe
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jill Hermans
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk IJlst
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simone W Denis
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yorrick R J Jaspers
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine A Fuchs
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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Al Sultan A, Rattray Z, Rattray NJW. Toxicometabolomics-based cardiotoxicity evaluation of Thiazolidinedione exposure in human-derived cardiomyocytes. Metabolomics 2024; 20:24. [PMID: 38393619 PMCID: PMC10891199 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), represented by pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, are a class of cost-effective oral antidiabetic agents posing a marginal hypoglycaemia risk. Nevertheless, observations of heart failure have hindered the clinical use of both therapies. OBJECTIVE Since the mechanism of TZD-induced heart failure remains largely uncharacterised, this study aimed to explore the as-yet-unidentified mechanisms underpinning TZD cardiotoxicity using a toxicometabolomics approach. METHODS The present investigation included an untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based toxicometabolomics pipeline, followed by multivariate statistics and pathway analyses to elucidate the mechanism(s)of TZD-induced cardiotoxicity using AC16 human cardiomyocytes as a model, and to identify the prognostic features associated with such effects. RESULTS Acute administration of either TZD agent resulted in a significant modulation in carnitine content, reflecting potential disruption of the mitochondrial carnitine shuttle. Furthermore, perturbations were noted in purine metabolism and amino acid fingerprints, strongly conveying aberrations in cardiac energetics associated with TZD usage. Analysis of our findings also highlighted alterations in polyamine (spermine and spermidine) and amino acid (L-tyrosine and valine) metabolism, known modulators of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting a potential link to TZD cardiotoxicity that necessitates further research. In addition, this comprehensive study identified two groupings - (i) valine and creatine, and (ii) L-tryptophan and L-methionine - that were significantly enriched in the above-mentioned mechanisms, emerging as potential fingerprint biomarkers for pioglitazone and rosiglitazone cardiotoxicity, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the utility of toxicometabolomics in elaborating on mechanisms of drug toxicity and identifying potential biomarkers, thus encouraging its application in the toxicological sciences. (245 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Sultan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, 13110, Kuwait
| | - Zahra Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Nicholas J W Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
- Strathclyde Centre for Molecular Bioscience, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.
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16
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Wu X, Fu D, Wang H, Wu S, Li D, Chen Y. [Clinical and genetic analysis of two children with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2024; 41:199-204. [PMID: 38311559 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511374-20221010-00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic variants of two children with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency (HMGCLD). METHODS Two children with HMGCLD diagnosed at Henan Provincial Children's Hospital respectively in December 2019 and June 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data and results of laboratory testing were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Both children had manifested with repeated convulsions, severe hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis and liver dysfunction. Blood amino acids and acylcarnitine analysis showed increased 3-hydroxy-isovalyl carnitine (C5OH) and 3-hydroxy-isovalyl carnitine/capryloyl carnitine ratio (C5OH/C8), and urinary organic acid analysis showed increased 3-hydroxyl-3-methyl glutaric acid, 3-methyl glutaric acid, 3-methyl glutaconic acid, 3-hydroxyisoglycine and 3-methylprotarylglycine. Child 1 was found to harbor homozygous c.722C>T variants of the HMGCL gene, which was rated as uncertain significance (PM2_Supporting+PP3). Child 2 was found to harbor homozygous c.121C>T variants of the HMGCL gene, which was rated as pathogenic variant (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP4). CONCLUSION Acute episode of HMGCLD is usually characterized by metabolic disorders such as hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis, and elevated organic acids in urine may facilitate the differential diagnosis, though definite diagnosis will rely on genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Inborn Error of Metabolism, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, China.
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17
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Nolen RM, Prouse A, Russell ML, Bloodgood J, Díaz Clark C, Carmichael RH, Petersen LH, Kaiser K, Hala D, Quigg A. Evaluation of fatty acids and carnitine as biomarkers of PFOS exposure in biota (fish and dolphin) from Galveston Bay and the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109817. [PMID: 38101762 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a ubiquitous pollutant that elicits a wide range of toxic effects in exposed biota. Coastal zones in highly urbanized or industrial areas are particularly vulnerable to PFOS pollution. At present, information is lacking on biomarkers to assess PFOS effects on aquatic wildlife. This study investigated the efficacy of l-carnitine (or carnitine) and fatty acids as biomarkers of PFOS exposure in aquatic biota. The levels of PFOS, total and free carnitine, and 24 fatty acids (measured as fatty acid methyl esters or FAMEs) were measured in the liver, and muscle or blubber, of fish and dolphins sampled from Galveston Bay and the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM). Overall, bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) had the highest hepatic PFOS levels. Galveston Bay fish, gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus), red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), and spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), had hepatic PFOS levels ∼8-13× higher than nGoM pelagic fish species, red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). The multivariate analysis of PFOS liver body-burdens and biomarkers found carnitine to be a more modal biomarker of PFOS exposure than FAMEs. Significant positive correlation of hepatic PFOS levels with total carnitine was evident for biota from Galveston Bay (fish only), and a significant correlation between PFOS and total and free carnitine was evident for biota from the nGoM (fish and dolphins). Given the essential role of carnitine in mediating fatty acid β-oxidation, our results suggest carnitine to be a likely candidate biomarker of environmental PFOS exposure and indicative of potential dyslipidemia effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayna M Nolen
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX 77553, USA.
| | - Alexandra Prouse
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Mackenzie L Russell
- University Programs, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA
| | - Jennifer Bloodgood
- University Programs, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA; Stokes School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, 307 N University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; Cornell Wildlife Health Lab, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Farrier Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cristina Díaz Clark
- University Programs, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA
| | - Ruth H Carmichael
- University Programs, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA; Stokes School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, 307 N University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Lene H Petersen
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Karl Kaiser
- Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX 77553, USA; Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, 3146 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David Hala
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - Antonietta Quigg
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX 77553, USA; Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, 3146 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, 3146 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Tipton M, Baxter BA, Pfluger BA, Sayre-Chavez B, Muñoz-Amatriaín M, Broeckling CD, Shani I, Steiner-Asiedu M, Manary M, Ryan EP. Urine and Dried Blood Spots From Children and Pregnant Women Reveal Phytochemicals, Amino Acids, and Carnitine Metabolites as Cowpea Consumption Biomarkers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300222. [PMID: 38233141 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Legumes consumption has been proven to promote health across the lifespan; cowpeas have demonstrated efficacy in combating childhood malnutrition and growth faltering, with an estimated malnutrition prevalence of 35.6% of children in Ghana. This cowpea feeding study aimed to identify a suite of metabolic consumption biomarkers in children and adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Urine and dried blood spots (DBS) from 24 children (9-21 months) and 21 pregnant women (>18 years) in Northern Ghana are collected before and after dose-escalated consumption of four cowpea varieties for 15 days. Untargeted metabolomics identified significant increases in amino acids, phytochemicals, and lipids. The carnitine metabolism pathway is represented by 137 urine and 43 DBS metabolites, with significant changes to tiglylcarnitine and acetylcarnitine. Additional noteworthy candidate biomarkers are mansouramycin C, N-acetylalliin, proline betaine, N2, N5-diacetylornithine, S-methylcysteine, S-methylcysteine sulfoxide, and cis-urocanate. S-methylcysteine and S-methylcysteine sulfoxide are targeted and quantified in urine. CONCLUSION This feeding study for cowpea biomarkers supports the utility of a suite of key metabolites classified as amino acids, lipids, and phytochemicals for dietary legume and cowpea-specific food exposures of global health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Tipton
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Bridget A Baxter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Brigitte A Pfluger
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA
| | - Brooke Sayre-Chavez
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80521, USA
| | - María Muñoz-Amatriaín
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80521, USA
- Departamento de Biología Molecular - Área de Genética, Universidad de León, León, 24071, Spain
| | - Corey D Broeckling
- Analytical Resources Core: Bioanalysis and Omics Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Issah Shani
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Basic and Applied Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, P.O. Box LG 134 Legon, Ghana
| | - Matilda Steiner-Asiedu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Basic and Applied Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, P.O. Box LG 134 Legon, Ghana
| | - Mark Manary
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
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Pochini L, Barone F, Console L, Brunocilla C, Galluccio M, Scalise M, Indiveri C. OCTN1 (SLC22A4) displays two different transport pathways for organic cations or zwitterions. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2024; 1866:184263. [PMID: 38092232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OCTN1 belongs to the SLC22 family, which includes transporters for cationic, zwitterionic, and anionic substrates. OCTN1 function and role in cells are still poorly understood. Not only cations, such as TEA, but also zwitterions, such as carnitine and ergothioneine, figure among transported molecules. METHODS In this work, we carried out transport assays measuring [14C]-TEA and [3H]-Carnitine in proteoliposomes reconstituted with the recombinant human OCTN1 in the presence of Na+ or other cations. The homology model of OCTN1 was built using the structure of OCT3 as a template for docking analysis. RESULTS TEA and carnitine did not inhibit each other. Moreover, carnitine uptake was not affected by the presence of Na+ and TEBA, whereas TEA was strongly inhibited by both compounds. Computational data revealed that TEA, Na+, and carnitine can interact with E381 in the OCTN1 substrate site. Differently from TEA, in the presence of Na+, carnitine is still able to interact with the binding site via R469. CONCLUSIONS The lack of mutual inhibition of the two prototype substrates, the different effect of Na+ and TEBA on their transport reaction, together with the computational analysis supports the existence of two transport pathways for cations and zwitterions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The results shed new light on the transport mechanisms of OCTN1, helping to get further insights into the structure/function relationships. The described results correlate well with previous and very recent findings on the polyspecificity of the OCT group of transporters belonging to the same family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pochini
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Barone
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Chiara Brunocilla
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Laboratory of Biochemistry, Molecular Biotechnology, and Molecular Biology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 6C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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20
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Yazıcı H, Ak G, Çelik MY, Erdem F, Yanbolu AY, Er E, Bozacı AE, Güvenç MS, Aykut A, Durmaz A, Canda E, Uçar SK, Çoker M. Experience with carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency: diagnostic challenges in the myopathic form. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:33-41. [PMID: 37925743 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Three clinical phenotypes, lethal neonatal form, severe infantile hepatocardiomuscular form, and myopathic form, have been described in CPT II deficiency. The myopathic form is usually mild and can manifest from infancy to adulthood, characterised by recurrent rhabdomyolysis episodes. The study aimed to investigate the clinical features, biochemical, histopathological, and genetic findings of 13 patients diagnosed with the myopathic form of CPT II deficiency at Ege University Hospital. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted with 13 patients with the myopathic form of CPT II deficiency. Our study considered demographic data, triggers of recurrent rhabdomyolysis attacks, biochemical metabolic screening, and molecular analysis. RESULTS Ten patients were examined for rhabdomyolysis of unknown causes. Two patients were diagnosed during family screening, and one was diagnosed during investigations due to increased liver function tests. Acylcarnitine profiles were normal in five patients during rhabdomyolysis. Genetic studies have identified a c.338C>T (p.Ser113Leu) variant homozygous in 10 patients. One patient showed a novel frameshift variant compound heterozygous with c.338C>T (p.Ser113Leu). CONCLUSIONS Plasma acylcarnitine analysis should be preferred as it is superior to DBS acylcarnitine analysis in diagnosing CPT II deficiency. Even if plasma acylcarnitine analysis is impossible, CPT2 gene analysis should be performed. Our study emphasizes that CPT II deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent rhabdomyolysis, even if typical acylcarnitine elevation does not accompany it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Yazıcı
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Gunes Ak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Merve Yoldas Çelik
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Fehime Erdem
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ayse Yuksel Yanbolu
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Esra Er
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ayse Ergül Bozacı
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Merve Saka Güvenç
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ayca Aykut
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Asude Durmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ebru Canda
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Sema Kalkan Uçar
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Mahmut Çoker
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
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21
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Gao H, Fang B, Sun Z, Du X, Guo H, Zhao L, Zhang M. Effect of Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Learning and Memory in Mice with Alzheimer's Disease. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:1067-1081. [PMID: 38112024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is distinguished by cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation in the brain. 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is a major human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) that is abundantly present in breast milk and has been demonstrated to exhibit immunomodulatory effects. However, the role of 2'-FL and HMO in gut microbiota modulation in relation to AD remains insufficiently investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the preventive effect of the 2'-FL and HMO impact of AD and the relevant mechanism involved. Here, the behavioral results showed that 2'-FL and HMO intervention decreased the expression of Tau phosphorylation and amyloid-β (Aβ), inhibited neuroinflammation, and restored cognitive impairment in AD mice. The metagenomic analysis proved that 2'-FL and HMO intervention restored the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in AD. Notably, 2'-FL and HMO intervention significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Clostridium and Akkermansia. The metabolomics results showed that 2'-FL and HMO enhanced the oleoyl-l-carnitine metabolism as potential drivers. More importantly, the levels of oleoyl-l-carnitine were positively correlated with the abundances of Clostridium and Akkermansia. These results indicated that 2'-FL and HMO had therapeutic potential to prevent AD-induced cognitive impairment, which is of great significance for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haina Gao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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22
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Patil YN, Gnaiger E, Landry AP, Leno ZJ, Hand SC. OXPHOS capacity is diminished and the phosphorylation system inhibited during diapause in an extremophile, embryos of Artemia franciscana. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb245828. [PMID: 38099471 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Diapause exhibited by embryos of Artemia franciscana is accompanied by severe arrest of respiration. A large fraction of this depression is attributable to downregulation of trehalose catabolism that ultimately restricts fuel to mitochondria. This study now extends knowledge on the mechanism by revealing metabolic depression is heightened by inhibitions within mitochondria. Compared with that in embryo lysates during post-diapause, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity P is depressed during diapause when either NADH-linked substrates (pyruvate and malate) for electron transfer (electron transfer capacity, E) through respiratory Complex I or the Complex II substrate succinate are used. When pyruvate, malate and succinate were combined, respiratory inhibition by the phosphorylation system in diapause lysates was discovered as judged by P/E flux control ratios (two-way ANOVA; F1,24=38.78; P<0.0001). Inhibition was eliminated as the diapause extract was diluted (significant interaction term; F2,24=9.866; P=0.0007), consistent with the presence of a diffusible inhibitor. One candidate is long-chain acyl-CoA esters known to inhibit the adenine nucleotide translocator. Addition of oleoyl-CoA to post-diapause lysates markedly decreased the P/E ratio to 0.40±0.07 (mean±s.d.; P=0.002) compared with 0.79±0.11 without oleoyl-CoA. Oleoyl-CoA inhibits the phosphorylation system and may be responsible for the depressed P/E in lysates from diapause embryos. With isolated mitochondria, depression of P/E by oleoyl-CoA was fully reversed by addition of l-carnitine (control versus recovery with l-carnitine, P=0.338), which facilitates oleoyl-CoA transport into the matrix and elimination by β-oxidation. In conclusion, severe metabolic arrest during diapause promoted by restricting glycolytic carbon to mitochondria is reinforced by depression of OXPHOS capacity and the phosphorylation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvraj N Patil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | | | - Alexander P Landry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zachary J Leno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Steven C Hand
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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23
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Zhang J, Yu CW, Wang M, Wan KX, Yang J, Yuan ZJ, Liao ZH, Wang DJ. [Clinical phenotypic and genotypic analysis of 5 pediatric patients with β-ketothiolase deficiency]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2024; 62:66-70. [PMID: 38154980 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20230803-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with β-ketothiolase deficiency (BKTD). Methods: The clinical characteristics, biochemical, markers detected by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), as well as the variants in ACAT1 gene among 5 children with BKTD in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between October 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The onset age of the disease in 5 patients (4 males and 1 female) ranged from 9.7 to 28.0 months. During the acute phase, severe metabolic acidosis was observed with a pH of 6.9-7.1, as well as hypoglycaemia (2.3-3.4 mmol/L) and positive urinary ketone bodies (+-++++). Blood levels of methylcrotonyl carnitine, methylmalonyl carnitine and malonyl carnitine were 0.03-0.42, 0.34-1.43 and 0.83-3.53 μmol/L respectively and were significantly elevated. Urinary 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid was 22-202 and 3-hydroxybutyric acid was 4-6 066, both were higher than the normal levels. Methylcrotonylglycine was mild elevated (0-29). The metabolites detected by MS/MS and GC/MS were significantly reduced after treatment. Analysis of ACAT1 gene mutation was performed in 5 children. Most variants were missense (8/9). Four previously unreported variants were identified: c.678G>T (p.Trp226Cys), c.302A>G (p.Gln101Arg), c.627_629dupTGA (p.Asn209_Glu210insAsp) and c.316C>T (p.Gln106Ter), the first 2 variants were predicted to be damaging by SIFT, PolyPhen-2 and Mutation Taster software. c.316C>T (p.Gln106Ter) is a nonsense variant. Conclusions: β-ketothiolase deficiency is relatively rare, lacks specific clinical manifestations, however severe metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and ketosis during the acute onset were consistent findings. Missense mutations in the ACAT1 gene are common genetic causes of β-ketothiolase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Center of Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - C W Yu
- Center of Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - M Wang
- Center of Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - K X Wan
- Center of Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - J Yang
- Center of Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Z J Yuan
- Center of Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Z H Liao
- Center of Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - D J Wang
- Center of Clinical Molecular Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders of Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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Zhang Y, Wu MJ, Lu WC, Li YC, Chang CJ, Yang JY. Metabolic switch regulates lineage plasticity and induces synthetic lethality in triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Metab 2024; 36:193-208.e8. [PMID: 38171333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is key for cancer development, yet the mechanism that sustains triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell growth despite deficient pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and tumor glycolysis remains to be determined. Here, we find that deficiency in tumor glycolysis activates a metabolic switch from glycolysis to fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) to fuel TNBC growth. We show that, in TNBC cells, PKM2 directly interacts with histone methyltransferase EZH2 to coordinately mediate epigenetic silencing of a carnitine transporter, SLC16A9. Inhibition of PKM2 leads to impaired EZH2 recruitment to SLC16A9, and in turn de-represses SLC16A9 expression to increase intracellular carnitine influx, programming TNBC cells to an FAO-dependent and luminal-like cell state. Together, these findings reveal a new metabolic switch that drives TNBC from a metabolically heterogeneous-lineage plastic cell state to an FAO-dependent-lineage committed cell state, where dual targeting of EZH2 and FAO induces potent synthetic lethality in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsheng Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Meng-Ju Wu
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Departments of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wan-Chi Lu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Li
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chun Ju Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan.
| | - Jer-Yen Yang
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan.
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25
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Eser B, Dogan I, Kayadibi H. The relationship between cognitive impairment and fatty acids and carnitine in hemodialysis patients. Nefrologia 2024; 44:40-49. [PMID: 36517361 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) is high in hemodialysis patients. In this study, the relationship between CI and serum carnitine, plasma omega-3, omega-6 and omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratio was evaluated in hemodialysis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty two patients [male: 40 (64.5%), mean age 51±13 years] were included in this cross-sectional study. Serum total and free-carnitine levels were determined by ELISA. Plasma omega-3 [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and omega-6 [arachidonic acid (AA), dihomo gamma linoleic acid (DGLA)] levels were measured using LC-ESI-MS/MS. According to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, ≤24 points were considered as CI. MoCA score ≤24 and >24 were determined as Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. RESULTS Group 1 had significantly higher AA+DGLA/EPA+DHA ratios and lower free-carnitine, DHA and EPA+DHA levels compared to Group 2 (P=0.008, P=0.040, P=0.032, P=0.032, respectively). Group 1 had a statistically lower education level (P<0.05). Negative correlation was found between MoCA scores and AA+DGLA/EPA+DHA ratios (rs=-0.284, P=0.026). Free-carnitine levels were positively correlated with EPA and EPA+DHA levels (rs=0.278, P=0.030 and rs=0.271, P=0.034, respectively), and negative correlated with AA+DGLA/EPA+DHA ratios (rs=-0.414, P=0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, MoCA scores was associated with AA+DGLA/EPA+DHA ratio (P=0.009) and education level (P<0.001). CONCLUSION It was determined that high AA+DGLA/EPA+DHA ratio and low education level could be independent risk factors of the CI. It has been shown that free-carnitine level can have positive effects on plasma EPA+DHA and AA+DGLA distributions. Low omega-3 fatty acid levels may be associated with CI in hemodialysis patients, and low carnitine level may contribute partially to this process. In addition, cognitive education programs may have an effect on preventing CI in hemodialysis patients with low education levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Eser
- Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, 19200 Corum, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Dogan
- Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, 19200 Corum, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Kayadibi
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Ait Tayeb AEK, Colle R, Chappell K, El-Asmar K, Acquaviva-Bourdain C, David DJ, Trabado S, Chanson P, Feve B, Becquemont L, Verstuyft C, Corruble E. Metabolomic profiles of 38 acyl carnitines in major depressive episodes before and after treatment. Psychol Med 2024; 54:289-298. [PMID: 37226550 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172300140x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression is associated with changes in plasma L-carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine. But its association with acylcarnitines remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess metabolomic profiles of 38 acylcarnitines in patients with major depression before and after treatment compared to healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Metabolomic profiles of 38 plasma short-, medium-, and long-chain acylcarnitines were performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in 893 HCs from the VARIETE cohort and 460 depressed patients from the METADAP cohort before and after 6 months of antidepressant treatment. RESULTS As compared to HCs, depressed patients had lower levels of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines. After 6 months of treatment, increased levels of medium- and long-chain acyl-carnitines were observed that no longer differed from those of controls. Accordingly, several medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines were negatively correlated with depression severity. CONCLUSIONS These medium- and long-chain acylcarnitine dysregulations argue for mitochondrial dysfunction through fatty acid β-oxidation impairment during major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El Kader Ait Tayeb
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, Univ Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, F-94275, France
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, F-94275, France
| | - Romain Colle
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, Univ Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, F-94275, France
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, F-94275, France
| | - Kenneth Chappell
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, Univ Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, F-94275, France
| | - Khalil El-Asmar
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, Univ Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, F-94275, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Cécile Acquaviva-Bourdain
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire; Unité Médicale Pathologies Héréditaires du Métabolisme et du Globule Rouge; Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est; CHU de Lyon; F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Denis J David
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, Univ Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, F-94275, France
| | - Séverine Trabado
- INSERM UMR-S U1185, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Faculté de Médecine, Univ Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, F-94275, France
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- INSERM UMR-S U1185, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Faculté de Médecine, Univ Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, F-94275, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Bruno Feve
- Sorbonne Université-INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Service d'Endocrinologie, CRMR PRISIS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Laurent Becquemont
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, Univ Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, F-94275, France
- Centre de recherche clinique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, F-94275, France
| | - Céline Verstuyft
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, Univ Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, F-94275, France
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, F-94275, France
| | - Emmanuelle Corruble
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM UMR 1018, Faculté de Médecine, Univ Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, F-94275, France
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, F-94275, France
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Wang S, Diao C, Leng J. Low C0 and normal C16 and C18:1 masking the diagnosis of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency including a novel CPT2 variant: A case report. Arch Pediatr 2024; 31:85-88. [PMID: 38168614 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The cases were a pair of siblings with a carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT2) deficiency detected by tandem mass spectrometry. Their C16 and C18:1 levels were both within the normal range, while C0 was low, and the (C16+C18:1)/C2 ratio was high. Following genetic testing, a novel CPT2 gene mutation was identified in both patients. The male patient had a normal growth rate during 5 years of follow-up after treatment. By contrast, the female patient did not take l-carnitine supplements and died after an infectious disease-associated illness when she was 1 year old. These data emphasize the need to raise awareness about CPT2 deficiency so as to correctly diagnose and accurately manage the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Wang
- Department of Children's Health Administration, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chengming Diao
- Department of Children's Health Administration, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Department of Children's Health Administration, Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Smart CL, Bratkovic D, Muller KR. Liver transplantation for acute-on-chronic liver failure due to carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) 1A deficiency. Liver Transpl 2024; 30:107-109. [PMID: 37432890 DOI: 10.1097/lvt.0000000000000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Smart
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia
| | - Drago Bratkovic
- Metabolic Clinic, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia
| | - Kate R Muller
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia
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Keizer HG, Brands R, Oosting RS, Seinen W. The Carnitine Palmitoyl-Transferase 2 Cascade Hypothesis for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:553-558. [PMID: 38143363 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of intense research, the precise etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. In this hypothesis, we present a new perspective on this matter by identifying carnitine palmitoyl transferase-2 (CPT2) as a central target in AD. CPT2 is an enzyme situated within the inner mitochondrial membrane, playing a crucial role in beta-oxidation of fatty acids. It exhibits high sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. This sensitivity holds relevance for the etiology of AD, as all major risk factors for the disease share a commonality in producing an excess of hydrogen peroxide right at this very mitochondrial membrane. We will explain the high sensitivity of CPT2 to hydrogen peroxide and elucidate how the resulting inhibition of CPT2 can lead to the characteristic phenotype of AD, thus clarifying its central role in the disease's etiology. This insight holds promise for the development of therapies for AD which can be implemented immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiskias G Keizer
- Alloksys Biotechnology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Brands
- Alloksys Biotechnology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald S Oosting
- Alloksys Biotechnology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Seinen
- Alloksys Biotechnology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- AMRIF Biotechnology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Fuse T, Aizawa Y, Nyuzuki H, Sawano K, Nagasaki K, Saitoh A. Hypo carnitinemia in twins after maternal pivalate-conjugated antibiotic therapy. Pediatr Int 2024; 66:e15750. [PMID: 38409865 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Fuse
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuta Aizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nyuzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sawano
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Li A, Li F, Song W, Lei ZL, Zhou CY, Zhang X, Sun QY, Zhang Q, Zhang T. Maternal exposure to 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide during pregnancy leads to disorder of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in offspring. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 269:115811. [PMID: 38086265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Our previous study reveals that maternal exposure to 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) during pregnancy causes insufficient ovarian follicle reserve and decreased fertility in offspring. The present study aims to further explore the reasons for the significant decline of fecundity in mice caused by VCD, and to clarify the changes of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in F1 mice. The ovarian metabolomics, gut microbiota and microbial metabolites were analyzed. The results of ovarian metabolomics analysis showed that maternal VCD exposure during pregnancy significantly reduced the concentration of carnitine in the ovaries of F1 mice, while supplementation with carnitine (isovalerylcarnitine and valerylcarnitine) significantly increased the number of ovulation. The results of 16 S rDNA-seq and microbial metabolites analysis showed that maternal VCD exposure during pregnancy caused disordered gut microbiota, increased abundance of Parabacteroides and Flexispira bacteria that are involved in secondary bile acid synthesis. The concentrations of NorDCA, LCA-3S, DCA and other secondary bile acids increased significantly. Our results indicate that maternal exposure to VCD during pregnancy leads to disorder in gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in F1 mice, accompanying with decreased ovarian function, providing further evidence that maternal exposure to VCD during pregnancy has intergenerational deleterious effects on offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Reproductive Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Fei Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Reproductive Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Wei Song
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Reproductive Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Zi-Li Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Yin Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Reproductive Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Reproductive Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Reproductive Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China.
| | - Qin Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases and Reproductive Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China.
| | - Teng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
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Ivica J, Adam F, Wortel L, Kalika T, Pelly H, Gauthier J, Potter M. Development of a second-tier method for C4, C5 and C2 acyl carnitine analysis in plasma. Clin Biochem 2024; 123:110698. [PMID: 38048898 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acylcarnitines are typically analyzed using either a flow injection analysis (FIA) method or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. The FIA method is a fast, efficient method, however it does not have the capability to separate compounds with the same molecular weight. These isobaric interferences can be removed by chromatographic separation with LC-MS/MS. In this study, we aimed to develop and optimize a qualitative LC-MS/MS method to separate the isobaric interferences for two-, four- and five-carbon acylcarnitines. METHODS The samples were first prepared by acylcarnitine derivatization with butanolic HCl. The developed LC-MS/MS method is a combination of isocratic and gradient elution used to separate acylcarnitines. Multiple reaction monitoring was used for determination of precursor and product ions for each acylcarnitine species as well as known interferences used in our study. We used this method to analyze quality assurance and patient samples with elevated two-, four- and five-carbon acylcarnitines. RESULTS Butyryl- and isobutyrylcarnitines as well as valeryl- and isovalerylcarnitines were successfully separated using the developed method. This method was able also to separate and distinguish acetylcarnitine from glutamate interference that has been causing overestimation of acetylcarnitine. In patients, the dominant five-carbon acylcarnitine was found to be isovalerylcarnitine. We confirmed that the majority of analyzed patient samples had additional carnitine adducts present but not valerylcarnitine. Butyryl- and isobutyrylcarnitines, in variable ratios, were present in every patient sample. CONCLUSION We developed a qualitative LC-MS/MS method for butyl-ester derivatized acylcarnitines, which can be used as a second-tier method for diagnosis and monitoring of various inborn errors of metabolism in our hospital network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josko Ivica
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Faisal Adam
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lyse Wortel
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teresa Kalika
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Pelly
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeannette Gauthier
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murray Potter
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Hayden CMT, Nagarajan R, Smith ZH, Gilmore S, Kent JA. Postcontraction [acetyl carnitine] reflects interindividual variation in skeletal muscle ATP production patterns in vivo. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R66-R78. [PMID: 37955131 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00027.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its role in substrate selection (carbohydrate vs. fat) for oxidative metabolism in muscle, acetylcarnitine production may be an important modulator of the energetic pathway by which ATP is produced. A combination of noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures of cytosolic acetylcarnitine and ATP production pathways was used to investigate the link between [acetylcarnitine] and energy production in vivo. Intracellular metabolites were measured in the vastus lateralis muscle of eight males (mean: 28.4 yr, range: 25-35) during 8 min of incremental, dynamic contractions (0.5 Hz, 2-min stages at 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15% maximal torque) that increased [acetylcarnitine] approximately fivefold from resting levels. ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the creatine kinase reaction was calculated based on phosphorus metabolites and pH. Spearman rank correlations indicated that postcontraction [acetylcarnitine] was positively associated with both absolute (mM) and relative (% total ATP) glycolytic ATP production (rs = 0.95, P = 0.001; rs = 0.93, P = 0.002), and negatively associated with relative (rs = -0.81, P = 0.02) but not absolute (rs = -0.14, P = 0.75) oxidative ATP production. Thus, acetylcarnitine accumulated more when there was a greater reliance on "nonoxidative" glycolysis and a relatively lower contribution from oxidative phosphorylation, reflecting the fate of pyruvate in working skeletal muscle. Furthermore, these data indicate striking interindividual variation in responses to the energy demand of submaximal contractions. Overall, the results of this preliminary study provide novel evidence of the coupling in vivo between ATP production pathways and the carnitine system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Production of acetylcarnitine from acetyl-CoA and free carnitine may be important for energy pathway regulation in contracting skeletal muscle. Noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to investigate the link between acetylcarnitine and energy production in the vastus lateralis muscle during dynamic contractions (n = 8 individuals). A positive correlation between acetylcarnitine accumulation and "nonoxidative" glycolysis and an inverse relationship with oxidative phosphorylation, provides novel evidence of the coupling between ATP production and the carnitine system in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M T Hayden
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Rajakumar Nagarajan
- Human Magnetic Resonance Center, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Zoe H Smith
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Samantha Gilmore
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jane A Kent
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
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Al-Shammari KIA, Zamil SJ, Batkowska J. The antioxidative influence of dietary creatine monohydrate and L- carnitine on laying performance, egg quality, ileal microbiota, blood biochemistry, and redox status of stressed laying quails. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103166. [PMID: 37939584 PMCID: PMC10665932 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The experiment was implemented to assess the influence of dietary supplementation of laying quails with creatine monohydrate (CrM), L-carnitine (CAR) and their mixture (CrMCAR) as antioxidants against oxidative stress (OS) induced by 2.5 ppm lead acetate (LA) in drinking water on productive, physiological and microbial aspects. In total, 400 laying quail females at 10 wk of age were divided into a randomized design with 5 groups and 4 replicates of 20 birds each. Birds were fed ad libitum with a balanced diet for 8 wk. The control group was kept under no-stress conditions and was given fresh water without any additives (G1). While birds in other groups were exposed to OS induced experimentally by 2.5 ppm LA in drinking water with no feed additive (G2) or supplemented with 500 mg/kg CrM (G3) or 500 mg/kg CAR (G4) or combination of 250 mg/kg each of CrM and CAR (CrMCAR, G5) to feed mixture. Compared to G2, G5 demonstrated the reduction (P ≤ 0.05) of feed conversion ratio, feed intake, mortality and ileal total coliform, as well as serum and egg malondialdehyde and serum lipid hydroperoxide, uric acid, glucose, cholesterol, enzymatic activities (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, γ-glutamyl transferase), and heterophils/lymphocytes ratio. In the meanwhile, there was an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in egg production, egg mass, and weight with the improvement of egg quality, serum sex hormones level and ileal lactic acid bacteria for G5 followed by G4 and G3. Moreover, G5 enhanced (P ≤ 0.05), the total antioxidant capacity of egg and serum glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, protein and calcium levels. Therefore, dietary CrMCAR, CAR and CrM have analogous influence to control by improving the antioxidant and physiological parameters which resulted in better productive performance and egg characteristics of stressed quails. These antioxidants, especially in their equal combination, are beneficial to alleviate oxidative stress incidence and can be recommended for poultry feeding under various aspects of environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Jasim Zamil
- Department of Animal Production Techniques, Al-Musaib Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Justyna Batkowska
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
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Garrett TJ, Puchowicz MA, Park EA, Dong Q, Farage G, Childress R, Guingab J, Simpson CL, Sen S, Brogdon EC, Buchanan LM, Raghow R, Elam MB. Effect of statin treatment on metabolites, lipids and prostanoids in patients with Statin Associated Muscle Symptoms (SAMS). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294498. [PMID: 38100464 PMCID: PMC10723679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 5-10% of patients discontinue statin therapy due to statin-associated adverse reactions, primarily statin associated muscle symptoms (SAMS). The absence of a clear clinical phenotype or of biomarkers poses a challenge for diagnosis and management of SAMS. Similarly, our incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of SAMS hinders the identification of treatments for SAMS. Metabolomics, the profiling of metabolites in biofluids, cells and tissues is an important tool for biomarker discovery and provides important insight into the origins of symptomatology. In order to better understand the pathophysiology of this common disorder and to identify biomarkers, we undertook comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of plasma samples from patients with SAMS who were undergoing statin rechallenge as part of their clinical care. METHODS AND FINDINGS We report our findings in 67 patients, 28 with SAMS (cases) and 39 statin-tolerant controls. SAMS patients were studied during statin rechallenge and statin tolerant controls were studied while on statin. Plasma samples were analyzed using untargeted LC-MS metabolomics and lipidomics to detect differences between cases and controls. Differences in lipid species in plasma were observed between cases and controls. These included higher levels of linoleic acid containing phospholipids and lower ether lipids and sphingolipids. Reduced levels of acylcarnitines and altered amino acid profile (tryptophan, tyrosine, proline, arginine, and taurine) were observed in cases relative to controls. Pathway analysis identified significant increase of urea cycle metabolites and arginine and proline metabolites among cases along with downregulation of pathways mediating oxidation of branched chain fatty acids, carnitine synthesis, and transfer of acetyl groups into mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS The plasma metabolome of patients with SAMS exhibited reduced content of long chain fatty acids and increased levels of linoleic acid (18:2) in phospholipids, altered energy production pathways (β-oxidation, citric acid cycle and urea cycles) as well as reduced levels of carnitine, an essential mediator of mitochondrial energy production. Our findings support the hypothesis that alterations in pro-inflammatory lipids (arachidonic acid pathway) and impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism underlie the muscle symptoms of patients with statin associated muscle symptoms (SAMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Garrett
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics (SECIM), Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Puchowicz
- Pediatrics-Obesity, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Edwards A. Park
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Qingming Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gregory Farage
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richard Childress
- Endocrine Section, Memphis Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Joy Guingab
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics (SECIM), Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Claire L. Simpson
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth C. Brogdon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Logan M. Buchanan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rajendra Raghow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Marshall B. Elam
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Cardiology Section, Memphis Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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Almeida NMS, Bali SK, James D, Wang C, Wilson AK. Binding of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) to the PPARγ/RXRα-DNA Complex. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:7423-7443. [PMID: 37990410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are the fundamental building blocks of gene expression regulation and the focus of many drug targets. While binding to DNA, nuclear receptors act as transcription factors, governing a multitude of functions in the human body. Peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor γ (PPARγ) and the retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) form heterodimers with unique properties and have a primordial role in insulin sensitization. This PPARγ/RXRα heterodimer has been shown to be impacted by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and linked to a variety of significant health conditions in humans. Herein, a selection of the most common PFAS (legacy and emerging) was studied utilizing molecular dynamics simulations for PPARγ/RXRα. The local and global structural effects of PFAS binding on the known ligand binding pockets of PPARγ and RXRα as well as the DNA binding domain (DBD) of RXRα were inspected. The binding free energies were predicted computationally and were compared between the different binding pockets. In addition, two electronic structure approaches were utilized to model the interaction of PFAS within the DNA binding domain, density functional theory (DFT) and domain-based pair natural orbital coupled cluster with perturbative triples (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) approaches, with implicit solvation. Residue decomposition and hydrogen-bonding analysis were also performed, detailing the role of prominent residues in molecular recognition. The role of l-carnitine is explored as a potential in vivo remediation strategy for PFAS interaction with the PPARγ/RXRα heterodimer. In this work, it was found that PFAS can bind and act as agonists for all of the investigated pockets. For the first time in the literature, PFAS are postulated to bind to the DNA binding domain in a nonspecific manner. In addition, for the PPARγ ligand binding domain, l-carnitine shows promise in replacing smaller PFAS from the pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M S Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
| | - Semiha Kevser Bali
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
| | - Deepak James
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
| | - Angela K Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48864, United States
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Shu Q, Zhao Y, Wang A, Li W, Xu H, Dong W, Meng Q. [Analysis of the difference in metabolites and gene expressions between pre-receptive and receptive endometria]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2023; 40:1496-1503. [PMID: 37994130 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511374-20221108-00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the difference in the gene expression, amino acid and carnitine levels in the cervical secretions between the endometria of pre-receptive and receptive stages, with an aim to provide clues for identifying new molecular markers for endometrial receptivity. METHODS Fifty nine infertile women treated at the Department of Reproductive Medicine of Linyi People's Hospital from January 6, 2020 to January 31, 2022 were selected as as the study subjects, which were matched with 3 pairs (6 cases) of infertile women preparing for embryo transfer based on factors such as age, body mass index, and length of infertility. Endometrial tissue samples were collected for gene transcription and expression analysis. Twenty five women who had become pregnant through assisted reproductive technology were selected as the control group, and 28 non-pregnant women receiving ovulation monitoring at the Outpatient Department were enrolled as the case group. Status of endometrial receptivity was determined by ultrasonography. In the former group, endometrial tissues were sampled for sequencing, and GO and KEGG database enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes was carried out. In the latter group, cervical secretions were collected, and amino acid and carnitine levels were measured by mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis was carried out using rank sum test, t test and chi-square test with SPSS v25.0 software. RESULTS No difference was found in the clinical data of the patients with regard to age, body mass index, infertility years, AMH, FSH, LH, E2, and type of infertility. Compared with the receptive endometrial tissues, there were 100 significantly up-regulated genes and 191 significantly down-regulated genes in the pre-receptive endometrial tissue, with the most significantly altered ones being HLA-DRB5 and MMP10. The biological processes, molecular functions and pathways enriched by more differentially expressed genes in GO and KEGG were mainly immune regulation, cell adhesion and tryptophan metabolism. Analysis of secretion metabolism also revealed a significant difference in the levels of amino acids and carnitine metabolites between the two groups (P < 0.05), in particular those of Alanine, Valine, 3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine (C4OH) + malonylcarnitine (C3DC)/captoylcarnitine (C10). CONCLUSION A significant difference has been discovered in the levels of gene transcription and protein expression in the endometrial tissues from the pre-receptive and receptive stages. The levels of amino acids and carnitine, such as Alanine, Valine, 3-hydroxybutyryl carnitine (C4OH)+malonyl carnitine (C3DC)/caproyl carnitine (C10), may be associated with the receptive status of the endometrium, though this need to be verified with larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China.
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Zhang Q, Yao N, Liu Z, Xu C, Ding Z. An Autopsy Analysis of a Patient With Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency Caused by Compound Heterozygous HADHA Gene Mutations. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2023; 44:336-339. [PMID: 37549033 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency is a rare mitochondrial disease characterized by lipid oxidation disorder. It is an autosomal recessive disease induced by a mutation in the HADHA gene, which encodes the LCHAD deficiency. The clinical manifestations of this disease are diverse, primarily affecting the heart, liver, and skeletal muscles. Common symptoms include cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and even lead to death in severe cases.Herein, we report a patient who was hospitalized due to flatulence, crying, irritability, and died of acute cardiopulmonary failure after 8 days in hospital. An autopsy was performed to determine the cause of death. Clinical examination revealed abnormal liver and kidney function, and the genetic metabolic disease profile indicated significantly elevated levels of long-chain acyl-carnitine and long-chain 3-OH-acyl-carnitine. Histopathological examination revealed diffuse hepatic steatosis, and the genetic sequencing results detected compound heterozygous mutations in the HADHA gene (c.1528G>C [p.E510Q] and c.703_704dupCG [p.T236Gfs*3]). Of note, the mother had a history of acute fatty liver during pregnancy. Collectively, our study may contribute to understanding the HADHA gene mutation profile and the clinical phenotype of LCHAD deficiency, emphasizing the importance of genetic testing in forensic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjian Zhang
- From the Hangzhou Huashuo Judicial Expertise Center, Hangzhou, ZhejiangProvince, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zunzhong Liu
- Zhejiang University Judicial Expertise Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Changmiao Xu
- From the Hangzhou Huashuo Judicial Expertise Center, Hangzhou, ZhejiangProvince, China
| | - Zijiao Ding
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Jennaro TS, Puskarich MA, Flott TL, McLellan LA, Jones AE, Pai MP, Stringer KA. Kidney function as a key driver of the pharmacokinetic response to high-dose L- carnitine in septic shock. Pharmacotherapy 2023; 43:1240-1250. [PMID: 37775945 PMCID: PMC10841498 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Levocarnitine (L-carnitine) has shown promise as a metabolic-therapeutic for septic shock, where mortality approaches 40%. However, high-dose (≥ 6 grams) intravenous supplementation results in a broad range of serum concentrations. We sought to describe the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of high-dose L-carnitine, test various estimates of kidney function, and assess the correlation of PK parameters with pre-treatment metabolites in describing drug response for patients with septic shock. DESIGN Population PK analysis was done with baseline normalized concentrations using nonlinear mixed effect models in the modeling platform Monolix. Various estimates of kidney function, patient demographics, dose received, and organ dysfunction were tested as population covariates. DATA SOURCE We leveraged serum samples and metabolomics data from a phase II trial of L-carnitine in vasopressor-dependent septic shock. Serum was collected at baseline (T0); end-of-infusion (T12); and 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment initiation. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION Patients were adaptively randomized to receive intravenous L-carnitine (6 grams, 12 grams, or 18 grams) or placebo. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The final dataset included 542 serum samples from 130 patients randomized to L-carnitine. A two-compartment model with linear elimination and a fixed volume of distribution (17.1 liters) best described the data and served as a base structural model. Kidney function estimates as a covariate on the elimination rate constant (k) reliably improved model fit. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), based on the 2021 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation with creatinine and cystatin C, outperformed creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault) and older CKD-EPI equations that use an adjustment for self-identified race. CONCLUSIONS High-dose L-carnitine supplementation is well-described by a two-compartment population PK model in patients with septic shock. Kidney function estimates that leverage cystatin C provided superior model fit. Future investigations into high-dose L-carnitine supplementation should consider baseline metabolic status and dose adjustments based on renal function over a fixed or weight-based dosing paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore S. Jennaro
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael A. Puskarich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas L. Flott
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura A. McLellan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alan E. Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Manjunath P. Pai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Stringer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Hassan MH, Galal O, Sakhr HM, Kamaleldeen EB, Zekry NF, Fateen E, Toghan R. Profile of plasma free amino acids, carnitine and acylcarnitines, and JAK2 v617f mutation as potential metabolic markers in children with type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5747. [PMID: 37728037 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Fifty diabetic nephropathy (DN) children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and 50 healthy matched controls were included. Chromatographic assays of 14 amino acids, free carnitine and 27 carnitine esters using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy, and genetic testing for JAK2v617f mutation using real-time PCR were performed. Patients had significantly lower levels of tyrosine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and BCAA/AAA (aromatic chain amino acids) ratios, glycine, arginine, ornithine, free carnitine and some carnitine esters (C5, 6, 12 and 16) and higher phenylalanine, phenylalanine/tyrosine ratio and C18 compared with the controls and in the macro-albuminuria vs. the microalbuminuria group (p < 0.05 for all) except for free carnitine. Plasma carnitine was negatively correlated with eGFR (r = -0.488, p = 0.000). There were significant positive correlations between tyrosine with UACR ratio (r = 0.296, p = 0.037). The plasma BCAA/AAA ratio showed significant negative correlations with UACR (r = -0.484, p = 0.000). There was a significantly higher frequency of the JAK2V617F gene mutation in diabetic nephropathy patients compared with the control group and in macro-albuminuria than the microalbuminuria group (p = 0.000) for both. When monitoring children with T1DM, plasma free amino acids and acylcarnitine profiles should be considered, especially if they have tested positive for JAK2V617F for the early diagnosis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Hassan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Omyma Galal
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hala M Sakhr
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Eman B Kamaleldeen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nadia Farouk Zekry
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ekram Fateen
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana Toghan
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Samir H, Swelum AA, Abdelnaby EA, El-Sherbiny HR. Incorporation of L- Carnitine in the OvSynch protocol enhances the morphometrical and hemodynamic parameters of the ovarian structures and uterus in ewes under summer climatic conditions. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:246. [PMID: 37996926 PMCID: PMC10668402 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress negatively impacts the reproductive performance of sheep including the efficiency of estrous synchronization regimens. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of L-Carnitine (LC) administration on the efficacy of the OvSynch protocol in ewes under summer climatic conditions. Ewes were synchronized for estrus using the OvSynch protocol and a dose of LC (20 mg/kg body weight) was intravenously (IV) administered on the same day of PGF2α injection to one group (n = 8; LC group), while other ewes (n = 8; control group) received the same protocol without LC. Ultrasonographic evaluation (including B-mode, color, and pulsed Doppler) was used to assess the morphometrical and hemodynamic parameters of ovarian structures [number, size, and blood flow of follicles (GFs) and corpora lutea (CLs)] and uterus during the estrous phase (Day 0), and on Day 8 post ovulation (luteal phase). Uterine artery blood flow (MUA) was assessed by measuring the resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) at both stages. The serum samples were collected to measure the concentrations of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) using commercial kits. Results revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the colored pixel area of GFs and uterus in the LC group (392.84 ± 31.86 and 712.50 ± 46.88, respectively) compared to the control one (226.25 ± 17.74 and 322 ± 18.78, respectively) during Day 0. Circulating E2 and TAC levels were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the LC-treated ewes (31.45 ± 1.53 pg/ml and 1.80 ± 0.13 mM/L, respectively) compared to those in the control ewes (21.20 ± 1.30 pg/ml and 0.98 ± 0.09 mM/L, respectively) during Day 0. Moreover, LC improved the colored pixel area of CLs (2038.14 ± 102.94 versus 1098 ± 82.39) and uterus (256.38 ± 39.28 versus 121.75 ± 11.36) and circulating P4 (2.99 ± 0.26 ng/ml versus1.67 ± 0.15 ng/ml) on Day 8. Values of RI of MUA were significantly lower in the LC group compared to the control one on Day 0 and Day 8 (0.48 ± 0.03 versus 0.72 ± 0.03 and 0.58 ± 0.03 versus 0.78 ± 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, LC incorporation in the OvSynch protocol enhanced the morphometrical and hemodynamic parameters of the ovarian structures and the uterus concomitantly with improvements in the TAC, E2, and P4 concentrations in ewes under hot summer conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elshymaa A Abdelnaby
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Hossam R El-Sherbiny
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Xiao CW, Hendry A, Kenney L, Bertinato J. L-Lysine supplementation affects dietary protein quality and growth and serum amino acid concentrations in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19943. [PMID: 37968448 PMCID: PMC10651908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Single amino acid (AA) supplementations in foods are increasing, however their potential nutritional and physiological impacts are not fully understood. This study examined the effects of L-lysine (Lys) supplementation on protein quality of diets, serum AA concentrations and associations between the ratio of supplemental Lys to dietary protein (X) with body weight gain (BWG) in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Rats were fed one of 10 diets containing either 7% or 20% casein and supplemented with 0% (Control), 1.5%, 3%, 6% Lys or 6% Lys + 3% L-arginine (Arg) (8 rats/diet group) for 1 week. Lys supplementation reduced the protein quality of the casein-based diets (p < 0.01). BWG was reduced by supplemental Lys when X > 0.18. Free Lys supplementation dose-dependently increased serum Lys levels (p < 0.01), while increased protein-bound Lys (1.4% vs 0.52%) had little effect on serum Lys (p > 0.05). In the 7% casein diets, ≥ 1.5% supplemental Lys reduced serum alanine, asparagine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, serine, tyrosine, valine, carnitine, ornithine, and increased urea. Supplementation of ≥ 3% Lys additionally reduced tryptophan and increased histidine, methionine and α-aminoadipic acid (α-AAA) compared to the Control (p < 0.05). In the 20% casein diets, addition of ≥ 1.5% Lys reduced serum asparagine and threonine, and ≥ 3% Lys reduced leucine, proline, tryptophan, valine, and ornithine, and 6% Lys reduced carnitine, and increased histidine, methionine, and α-AAA. Overall, this study showed that free Lys supplementation in a Lys-sufficient diet reduced the protein quality of the diets and modified the serum concentrations of many amino acids. Excess free Lys intake adversely affected growth and utilization of nutrients due to AA imbalance or antagonism. Overall lower protein intake increases susceptibility to the adverse effects of Lys supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wu Xiao
- Nutrition Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Banting Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
- Food and Nutrition Science Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Amy Hendry
- Nutrition Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Banting Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Laura Kenney
- Nutrition Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Banting Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jesse Bertinato
- Nutrition Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Banting Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Hu X, Wang W, Su X, Peng H, Tan Z, Li Y, Huang Y. Comparison of nutritional supplements in improving glycolipid metabolism and endocrine function in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16410. [PMID: 38025704 PMCID: PMC10652859 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the comparative effectiveness of nutritional supplements in improving glycolipid metabolism and endocrine function in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Method Randomized controlled clinical trials on the effects of nutritional supplements in PCOS patients were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from their establishments to March 15, 2023. Then, literature screening, data extraction, and network meta-analysis were performed. This study was registered at PROSPERO (registration number CRD 42023441257). Result Forty-one articles involving 2,362 patients were included in this study. The network meta-analysis showed that carnitine, inositol, and probiotics reduced body weight and body mass index (BMI) compared to placebo, and carnitine outperformed the other supplements (SUCRAs: 96.04%, 97.73%, respectively). Omega-3 lowered fasting blood glucose (FBG) (SUCRAs: 93.53%), and chromium reduced fasting insulin (FINS) (SUCRAs: 72.90%); both were superior to placebo in improving insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and chromium was more effective than Omega-3 (SUCRAs: 79.99%). Selenium was potent in raising the quantitative insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI) (SUCRAs: 87.92%). Coenzyme Q10 was the most effective in reducing triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (SUCRAs: 87.71%, 98.78%, and 98.70%, respectively). Chromium and probiotics decreased TG levels, while chromium and vitamin D decreased TC levels. No significant differences were observed in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total testosterone (TT), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and C-reactive protein (CRP) between nutritional supplements and placebo. Conclusion Carnitine was relatively effective in reducing body mass, while chromium, Omega-3, and selenium were beneficial for improving glucose metabolism. Meanwhile, coenzyme Q10 was more efficacious for improving lipid metabolism. However, publication bias may exist, and more high-quality clinical randomized controlled trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyin Hu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wanyi Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhan Su
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoye Peng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zuolin Tan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yunqing Li
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Wilkinson D, Gallagher IJ, McNelly A, Bear DE, Hart N, Montgomery HE, Le Guennec A, Conte MR, Francis T, Harridge SDR, Atherton PJ, Puthucheary ZA. The metabolic effects of intermittent versus continuous feeding in critically ill patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19508. [PMID: 37945671 PMCID: PMC10636009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent (or bolus) feeding regimens in critically ill patients have been of increasing interest to clinicians and scientists. Changes in amino acid, fat and carbohydrate metabolites over time might yet deliver other benefits (e.g. modulation of the circadian rhythm and sleep, and impacts on ghrelin secretion, insulin resistance and autophagy). We set out to characterise these changes in metabolite concentration. The Intermittent versus Continuous Feeding in Critically Ill paitents study (NCT02358512) was an eight-centre single-blinded randomised controlled trial. Patients were randomised to received a continuous (control arm) or intermittent (6x/day, intervention arm) enteral feeding regimen. Blood samples were taken on trial days 1, 7 and 10 immediately before and 30 min after intermittent feeds, and at equivalent timepoints in the control arm. A pre-planned targeted metabolomic analysis was performend using Nuclear Resonance Spectroscopy. Five hundred and ninety four samples were analysed from 75 patients. A total of 24 amino acid-, 19 lipid based-, and 44 small molecule metabolite features. Across the main two axes of variation (40-60% and 6-8% of variance), no broad patterns distinguished between intermittent or continuous feeding arms, across intra-day sampling times or over the 10 days from initial ICU admission. Logfold decreases in abundance were seen in metabolites related to amino acids (Glutamine - 0.682; Alanine - 0.594), ketone body metabolism (Acetone - 0.64; 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - 0.632; Acetonacetic Acid - 0.586), fatty acid (carnitine - 0.509) and carbohydrate metabolism ( Maltose - 0.510; Citric Acid - 0.485). 2-3 Butanediol, a by-product of sugar-fermenting microbial metabolism also decreased (- 0.489). No correlation was seen with change in quadriceps muscle mass for any of the 20 metabolites varying with time (all p > 0.05). Increasing severity of organ failure was related to increasing ketone body metabolism (3 Hydroxybutyric Acid-1 and - 3; p = 0.056 and p = 0.014), carnitine deficiency (p = 0.002) and alanine abundancy (p - 0.005). A 6-times a day intermittent feeding regimen did not alter metabolite patterns across time compared to continuous feeding in critically ill patients, either within a 24 h period or across 10 days of intervention. Future research on intermittent feeding regimens should focus on clinical process benefits, or extended gut rest and fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wilkinson
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Cetnre, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottinghan University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | | | - A McNelly
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - D E Bear
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Critical Care, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation & King's College London (KCL) NIHR BRC, London, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Hart
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's & St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - H E Montgomery
- Department of Medicine and Centre for Human Health and Performance, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - A Le Guennec
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M R Conte
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T Francis
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S D R Harridge
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P J Atherton
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Cetnre, Nottingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottinghan University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Z A Puthucheary
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK.
- Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK.
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45
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Qi L, Ye Z, Lin H. Identification of Differential Metabolites Between
Type 2 Diabetes and Postchronic Pancreatitis Diabetes (Type 3c) Based on an Untargeted Metabolomics Approach. Lab Med 2023; 54:562-573. [PMID: 36864551 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A nontargeted metabolomics approach was established to characterize serum metabolic profile in type 3c diabetes mellitus (T3cDM) secondary to chronic pancreatitis and compare with T2DM. METHODS Forty patients were recruited for metabolite analysis based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cluster heatmap and KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis were used to analyze the specific and differential metabolites. The receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) were generated and correlation analysis with clinical data was conducted. RESULTS Metabolites including sphingosine, lipids, carnitine, bile acid, and hippuric acid were found to be different between T2DM and T3cDM, mainly enriched in bile acid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and sphingolipid metabolic pathways. The ROCs were generated with an area under the curve of 0.907 (95% confidence interval, 0.726-1) for the model with 15 metabolites. CONCLUSION T3cDM is characterized by increased sphingosine, carnitine, bile acid, and most lipids, providing novel biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and a future direction in research on pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Clinical Science and Research, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Jennings EA, Abi-Rached ZH, Jones DE, Ryan RO. 3-Methylglutaryl carnitine: A biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 551:117629. [PMID: 37935273 PMCID: PMC10872575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The acylcarnitines comprise a wide range of acyl groups linked via an ester bond to the hydroxyl group of L-carnitine. Mass spectrometry methods are capable of measuring the relative abundance of hundreds of acylcarnitines in a single drop of blood. As such, acylcarnitines can serve as sensitive biomarkers of disease. For certain acylcarnitines, however, their biochemical origin, and biomedical significance, remain unclear. One such example is 3-methylglutaryl (3MG) carnitine (C5-3M-DC). Whereas 3MG carnitine levels are normally very low, elevated levels are detected in discrete inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) as well as different forms of heart disease. Moreover, acute injury, including γ radiation exposure, paraquat poisoning, and traumatic brain injury manifest elevated levels of 3MG carnitine in blood and/or urine. Recent evidence indicates that two distinct biosynthetic routes to 3MG carnitine exist. The first, caused by an inherited deficiency in the leucine catabolism pathway enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA lyase, leads to a buildup of trans-3-methylglutaconyl (3MGC) CoA. Reduction of the double bond in trans-3MGC CoA generates 3MG CoA, which is then converted to 3MG carnitine by carnitine acyltransferase. This route, however, cannot explain why 3MG carnitine levels increase in IEMs that do not affect leucine metabolism or various chronic and acute disease states. In these cases, disease-related defects in aerobic energy metabolism result in diversion of acetyl CoA to trans-3MGC CoA. Once formed, trans-3MGC CoA is reduced to 3MG CoA and esterified to form 3MG carnitine. Thus, 3MG carnitine, represents a potential biomarker of disease processes associated with compromised mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Jennings
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Zane H Abi-Rached
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Dylan E Jones
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO 81501, United States
| | - Robert O Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States.
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47
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Faverzani JL, Guerreiro G, Hammerschmidt TG, Lopes FF, Coelho DDM, Sitta A, Mescka CP, Deon M, Wajner M, Vargas CR. Increased peripheral of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in phenylketonuric patients treated with l- carnitine. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 749:109792. [PMID: 37863349 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common inherited metabolic disorders caused by severe deficiency or absence of phenylalanine hydroxylase activity that converts phenylalanine (Phe) to tyrosine. PKU patients were treated with a Phe restricted diet supplemented with a special formula containing l-carnitine (L-car), well-known antioxidant compound. The lack of treatment can cause neurological and cognitive impairment, as severe mental retardation, neuronal cell loss and synaptic density reduction. Although Phe has been widely demonstrated to be involved in PKU neurotoxicity, the mechanisms responsible for the CNS injury are still not fully known. In this work, we evaluated markers of neurodegeneration, namely BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), PAI-1 total (Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 total), Cathepsin D, PDGF AB/BB (platelet-derived growth factor), and NCAM (neuronal adhesion molecule) in plasma of PKU patients at early and late diagnosis and under treatment. We found decreased Phe levels and increased L-car concentrations in PKU patients treated with L-car compared to the other groups, indicating that the proposed treatment was effective. Furthermore, we found increased BDNF levels in the patients under treatment compared to patients at early diagnosis, and a positive correlation between BDNF and L-car and a negative correlation between BDNF and Phe. Our results may indicate that in PKU patients treated with L-car there is an attempt to adjust neuronal plasticity and recover the damage suffered, reflecting a compensatory response to brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Lamberty Faverzani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gilian Guerreiro
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Grazieli Hammerschmidt
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Franciele Fátima Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniella de Moura Coelho
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Sitta
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Paula Mescka
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marion Deon
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Er H, Gemici A, Tas GG, Sati L, Zengin G, Bilmen S, Derin N, Kelek SE. Acetyl-L- carnitine attenuates chronic ethanol-induced oxidative stress, ER stress and apoptosis in rat gastric tissue. Alcohol 2023; 112:51-59. [PMID: 37499932 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Consuming alcohol affects almost all organs. Acetaldehyde, formed as the main product as a result of alcohol metabolism, causes the production of free superoxide radicals when oxidized, and accordingly oxidative and apoptotic processes are triggered. There are studies showing that carnitine has effects on oxidative and apoptotic processes that occur in various conditions. However, the mechanisms showing the effects of L-carnitine on these effects of alcohol have not been fully elucidated. In our study, the effects of acetyl-L-carnitine administration on the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptotic parameters in gastric tissue of rats chronically exposed to alcohol were investigated. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for histopathological studies. Endoplasmic reticulum stress markers were detected with immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. Apoptotic index was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Total oxidant and antioxidant status were examined by ELISA. Our results showed that chronic alcohol administration caused a significant increase in TOS levels, an indicator of oxidative stress, the levels of ER-stress-associated proteins XBP1, GRP78, and CHOP, and % apoptotic index values in rat gastric tissues. Additionally, it was determined that acetyl-L-carnitine administration caused an improvement in those values. Based on our data, we can conclude that acetyl-L-carnitine has a tissue protective effect by scavenging free oxygen radicals and reducing ER stress-related proteins XBP1, GRP78, and CHOP and apoptosis in chronic ethanol-administered rats, and that this natural antioxidant may be beneficial in the treatment of oxidative stress-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Er
- Department of Medical Imaging Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Gemici
- Akdeniz University, Medical School, Department of Biophysics, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gizem Gamze Tas
- Akdeniz University, Medical School, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Leyla Sati
- Akdeniz University, Medical School, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gamze Zengin
- Akdeniz University, Medical School, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Süreyya Bilmen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Narin Derin
- Akdeniz University, Medical School, Department of Biophysics, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sevim Ercan Kelek
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
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49
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Lee YH, Park S. Genetic and Lifestyle-Related Factors Influencing Serum Hyper-Propionyl carnitine Concentrations and Their Association with Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15810. [PMID: 37958793 PMCID: PMC10647558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic and environmental determinants of serum propionylcarnitine concentrations (PC) remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the impact of genetic and environmental factors on serum propionylcarnitine levels in middle-aged and elderly participants from the Ansan/Ansung cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Our goal was to understand the role of PC on the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) leading to cardiovascular disease, particularly concerning branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. We analyzed participants' demographic, lifestyle, and biochemical data with and without MetS. Serum metabolite concentrations, including carnitine, acylcarnitine, and amino acid concentrations, were measured, and the components of MetS were evaluated. Genetic variants associated with low and high PC were selected using genome-wide association studies after adjusting for MetS-related parameters. Further, genetic variants and lifestyle factors that interacted with the polygenic risk score (PRS) were analyzed. Participants with MetS were older and less educated, and their alcohol intake was higher than non-MetS participants. PC was significantly associated with the MetS risk and increased the serum levels of BCAAs and other amino acids. Higher PC positively correlated with MetS components, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk factors. Intake of calcium, sodium, and vitamin D were inversely associated with PC, but coffee consumption was positively linked to PC. Multiple C2 And Transmembrane Domain Containing-1 (MCTP1)_rs4290997, Kinesin Family Member-7 (KIF7)_rs2350480, Coagulation Factor-II (F2)_rs2070850, Peroxisomal Biogenesis Factor-3 (PEX3)_rs223231, TBC1 Domain Family Member-22A (TBC1D22A)_rs910543, and Phospholipase A2 Group-IV-C (PLA2G4C)_rs7252136 interact with each other to have a threefold influence on PC. The PRS for the six-genetic variant model also interacted with age; the diet rich in beans, potato, and kimchi; and smoking status, influencing PC. In conclusion, elevated PC was associated with MetS and cardiovascular disease risk, suggesting their potential as disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Basic Science, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
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50
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Shipelin VA, Riger NA, Timonin AN, Gmoshinski IV, Nikityuk DB. [Effect of L- carnitine and resveratrol complex on the profile of cytokines and regulatory proteins in normal and obese rats]. Vopr Pitan 2023; 92:83-97. [PMID: 38198422 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2023-92-6-83-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, peripheral organs and some compartments of the brain are among pathogenetic factors in obesity. The use of bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activity in the composition of specialized products and dietary supplements is considered as an approach in the diet therapy of obesity and related conditions. The aim of the research was to study the effect of a complex supplement containing resveratrol and L-carnitine (RC supplement) on the immunological parameters of inflammation (the profile of cytokines and regulatory proteins) in rats fed a balanced or hypercaloric diet. Material and methods. Male Wistar rats received for 63 days a standard balanced diet (SD) or a high-carbohydrate-high-fat diet (HFCD) with an excess of total fat and fructose, as well as RC supplement at a low (25 mg/kg body weight as Res and 300 mg/kg body weight as L-Car) or high (50 and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively) dose. The content of leptin, ghrelin, cytokines and chemokines in blood serum (BS), lysates of white adipose tissue (WAT) and spleen, amygdala and hippocampus of the brain, the content of regulatory proteins Akt, IRS-1, GCK-3a/b, p70/S6, BAD, m-TOR, PTEN and S6 ribosomal protein in the amygdala and hippocampus have been studied the by multiplex immunoassay. Results. In rats that consumed RC as part of SD, there was a decrease in the levels of leptin and its ratio with ghrelin, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-12p40 and IL-12p70, IFN-γ) in BS and WAT, chemokines (MCP-1, M-CSF, MIP-2) in WAT. Some of these effects were more pronounced at a low dose of RC than at a large dose, and some of them were also canceled or changed in direction in animals treated with HFCD. In the amygdala, RC consumption increased the content of both pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines; the most significant was the increase in IL-7 levels in animals fed SD, and RANTES in animals fed HFCD. In the hippocampus of rats, the RC intake had an insignificant effect on the levels of cytokines and chemokines. Akt-1 kinase and the substrate of the insulin receptor IRS-1 were the main targets of RC action in the regions of the brain. Conclusion. The complex dietary supplement RC exerted a hypoleptinemic effect, revealed certain anti-inflammatory effects and modulated a number of the brain factors influencing behavioral responses in obesity. However, the synergistic effect of resveratrol and L-carnitine in the composition of the supplement wasn't not observed, and the effectiveness of its action decreased in conditions of a hypercaloric diet consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Shipelin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, 117198, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - N A Riger
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A N Timonin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - I V Gmoshinski
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D B Nikityuk
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba, 117198, Moscow, Russian Federation
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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