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Çalış İ, Becer E, Ünlü A, Uğurlu Aydın Z, Hanoğlu A, Vatansever HS, Dönmez AA. Comparative phytochemical studies on the roots of Polygala azizsancarii and P. peshmenii and neuroprotective activities of the two xanthones. Phytochemistry 2023; 210:113650. [PMID: 36965761 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Six known sucrose mono-, di- and triesters and five xanthone derivatives were isolated from the roots of Polygala peshmenii Eren, Parolly, Raus & Kürschner which is a narrow species endemic to Türkiye. Among the xanthones, 1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-methylenedioxy-5,6-dimethoxy-xanthone is an undescribed compound isolated for the first time from a natural source. The studies on the roots of P. azizsancarii Dönmez have resulted in the isolation of four known compounds including sucrose mono-, di- and triesters. The structures of the sucrose esters and xanthones isolated from P. azizsancarii and P. peshmenii were established by spectroscopic methods, including 1D-NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT-135), 2D-NMR (COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC). Neuroprotective activities of two xanthones, 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,5,7-trimethoxyxanthone and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,6-dihydroxy-2,5,7-trimethoxyxanthone isolated from the roots of P. azizsancarii were evaluated in vitro using in a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease. SKNAS human neuroblastoma cells were used in the study and treated with different consecrations of Aβ₂₅₋₃₅ oligomer for up to 48 h. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. The distribution of β-amyloid, α-synuclein, tau, JAK2, STAT3, caspase 3 and BMP-2 were investigated using indirect immunoperoxidase staining. Our results suggested that both xanthones control tau aggregation with no effect on β-amyloid plaque formation. In addition, for neuronal pathophysiology in AD cell model, decreased distributions of JAK/STAT3 and BMP2 signaling pathways were demonstrated, therefore they play a role in the protective effect on neurons in neurodegenerative disease. A significant decrease in caspase 3 immunoreactivity was detected after the administration of both compounds in AD cells. Therefore, both compounds control neuronal pathophysiology and rescue cell death in AD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- İhsan Çalış
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), 99138, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Türkiye.
| | - Eda Becer
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), 99138, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey; Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, 99628, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Ünlü
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Zübeyde Uğurlu Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Azmi Hanoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), 99138, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Türkiye.
| | - H Seda Vatansever
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Lefkoşa (Nicosia), 99138, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Ali A Dönmez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
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Liu F, Xu T, Ng NL, Lu H. Linking Cell Health and Reactive Oxygen Species from Secondary Organic Aerosols Exposure. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:1039-1048. [PMID: 36580374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a possible mechanism by which ambient fine particulate matter (PM) exerts adverse biological effects. While multiple biological effects and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production have been observed upon PM exposure, whether the biological effects are ROS-mediated remains unclear. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) constitute a major fraction of fine PM and can contribute substantially to its toxicity. In this work, we measured three types of cell responses (mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase 3/7 activity, and ROS) and investigated their associations upon exposure to SOA formed from anthropogenic (naphthalene) and biogenic (α-pinene) precursors. MMP and caspase 3/7 activity (an early indicator of apoptosis) are key indicators of cell health, and changes of them could occur downstream of ROS-mediated pathways. We observed a significant increase in caspase 3/7 activity after SOA exposure, suggesting that apoptosis is an important pathway of cell death induced by SOA. We further found strong associations between a decrease in MMP and increase in caspase 3/7 activity with an increase in cellular ROS level. These results suggest that cell health is largely dependent on the cellular ROS level, highlighting oxidative stress as a key mechanism for biological effects from SOA exposure. Linear regression analyses reveal greater changes of the three cellular responses with increasing carbon oxidation state (OSc) of SOA, suggesting that SOA are more toxic when they are more oxidized. Overall, our work provides critical insights into the associations between cell health and ROS level upon SOA exposure and proposes that OSc could be a suitable proxy to assess the overall SOA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fobang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi710049, China
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, Guangdong511443, China
| | - Tianchang Xu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Nga Lee Ng
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
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Hassani Moghaddam M, Eskandarian Boroujeni M, Vakili K, Fathi M, Abdollahifar MA, Eskandari N, Esmaeilpour T, Aliaghaei A. Functional and structural alternations in the choroid plexus upon methamphetamine exposure. Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136246. [PMID: 34530114 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Choroid plexus (CP) is the principal source of cerebrospinal fluid. CP can produce and release a wide range of materials including growth factors, neurotrophic factors, etc. all of which play an important role in the maintenance and proper functioning of the brain. Methamphetamine (METH) is a CNS neurostimulant that causes brain dysfunction. Herein, we investigated the potential effects of METH exposure on CP structure and function. Stereological analysis revealed a significant alteration in CP volume, epithelial cells and capillary number upon METH treatment. Electron microscopy exhibited changes in ultrastructure. Moreover, the upregulation of neurotrophic factors such as BDNF and VEGF as well as autophagy and apoptosis gene following METH administration were observed. We also identified several signaling cascades related to autophagy. In conclusion, gene expression changes coupled with structural alterations of the CP in response to METH suggested METH-induced autophagy in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Hassani Moghaddam
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Eskandari
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Esmaeilpour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Eslamifar Z, Moridnia A, Sabbagh S, Ghaffaripour R, Jafaripour L, Behzadifard M. Ameliorative Effects of Gallic Acid on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rat Variations of Biochemistry, Histopathology, and Gene Expression. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:2195238. [PMID: 34746299 PMCID: PMC8564201 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2195238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is a powerful chemotherapeutic drug mainly used in the treatment of solid tumors. Aggregation of the drug in renal proximal tubule cells causes nephrotoxicity and renal failure. Investigations showed nephrotoxicity as Cisplatin's dose-limiting side effect. One of the Cisplatin toxicity mechanisms is generation of reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative stress and renal damage. The purpose of this study was evaluation of the modulating effects of Gallic acid on Cisplatin-induced variations including Caspase-3 and Clusterin expression and histopathological and biochemical parameters in adult male Wistar rats. METHOD Rats were kept under standard condition of temperature, light, and humidity. The animals were divided into 4 groups: GpI: control group (received distilled water for 10 days); GpII: Gallic acid (alone) (50 mg/kg bw, once a day for 10 days); GpIII: Cisplatin (alone), single dose (6 mg/kg bw, I.P. on 5th day of study); GpIV: Gallic acid (50 mg/kg bw, once a day for 10 days) and also injected with single dose of Cisplatin (6 mg/kg bw, I.P., on 5th day of study). After 10 days, all rats were anaesthetized and plasma collected to estimate urea, creatinine, and uric acid. The right kidneys were removed for the study of gene expression and biochemical parameters. The left kidneys were used for histopathological studies. RESULTS The Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was evident from the elevated levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, and renal tissue MDA and also decreased levels of SOD, CAT, GPX, and GSH in renal tissue. Administration of Gallic acid significantly modulated nephrotoxicity markers, gene expression variations, and histopathological damage. CONCLUSION Outcomes of the present investigation suggest that Gallic acid provides protection against CP-induced nephrotoxicity, but for application in people, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Eslamifar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Abbas Moridnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Susan Sabbagh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Reza Ghaffaripour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Leila Jafaripour
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mahin Behzadifard
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
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Xie L, Xu DM, Cai XJ, Zhang ZW, Yu WJ, Qiu JF, Xu CW, He CL, Xu XR, Yin J. Apoptosis in platelets from adult patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2021; 32:434-442. [PMID: 34102655 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adult chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (cITP) is a chronic and usually life-long haemorrhagic disorder in which enhanced platelet destruction and weakened platelet production lead to thrombocytopenia. Platelets were isolated from blood samples collected from 40 adult patients with cITP and 40 healthy volunteers. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and plasma membrane phosphatidylserine externalization were determined by flow cytometry, and activation of caspase-3 and expressions of Bax, Bak and Bcl-xL were analysed by western blotting. Flow cytometry showed increased mitochondrial depolarization and lower ΔΨm in platelets from adult patients with cITP. In addition, plasma membrane phosphatidylserine externalization was observed on platelets from adult patients with cITP, but rarely from healthy volunteers. Western blot analysis of platelet proteins revealed that, in adult cITP patients, caspase-3 was activated, which cleaved gelsolin and to release a 47-kDa fragment. Moreover, the expressions of Bax and Bak were elevated, and Bcl-xL was decreased markedly in platelets from adult patients with cITP. Our findings reveal, based on loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), phosphatidylserine exposure, caspase-3 activation, enhanced expression of Bax and Bak, and attenuated expression of Bcl-xL, that platelet death in the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia in chronic ITP in adults is apoptotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xian-Ru Xu
- Division of Inventional Ultrasonic Therapeutics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine
- Division of Hematology
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Almeida JZ, Lima LF, Vieira LA, Maside C, Ferreira ACA, Araújo VR, Duarte ABG, Raposo RS, Báo SN, Campello CC, Oliveira LFS, da Costa TP, Abreu JG, Figueiredo JR, Oriá RB. 5-Fluorouracil disrupts ovarian preantral follicles in young C57BL6J mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:567-578. [PMID: 33471160 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), an anti-cancer drug, has been used for hepatoblastoma (HB) chemotherapy in children, who may have impaired ovarian follicle pool reserve with lasting effects to reproduction. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate 5-FU effects on survival, growth, and morphology of ovarian preantral follicles from C57BL6J young mice. METHODS Experiments were carried-out both in vivo and in vitro. Mice were treated with 5-FU injection (450 mg/kg i.p) or saline and sacrificed 3 days after to obtain ovaries for histology and molecular biology. Ovaries for in vitro studies were obtained from unchallenged mice and cultured under basic culture medium (BCM) or BCM plus 5-FU (9.2, 46.1, 92.2 mM). Preantral follicles were classified according to developmental stages, and as normal or degenerated. To assess cell viability, caspase-3 immunostaining was performed. Transcriptional levels for apoptosis (Bax, Bcl2, p53, Bax/Bcl2) and Wnt pathway genes (Wnt2 and Wnt4) were also analyzed. Ultrastructural analyses were carried-out on non-cultured ovaries. In addition, β-catenin immunofluorescence was assessed in mouse ovaries. RESULTS The percentage of all-types normal follicles was significantly lower after 5-FU challenge. A total loss of secondary normal follicles was found in the 5-FU group. The highest 5-FU concentrations reduced the percentage of cultured normal primordial follicles. Large vacuoles were seen in granulosa cells and ooplasm of preantral follicles by electron microscopy. A significantly higher gene expression for Bax and Bax/Bcl2 ratio was seen after 5-FU treatment. A marked reduction in β-catenin immunolabeling was seen in 5-FU-challenged preantral follicles. In the in vitro experiments, apoptotic and Wnt gene transcriptions were significantly altered. CONCLUSION Altogether, our findings suggest that 5-FU can deleteriously affect the ovarian follicle reserve by reducing preantral follicles survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Z Almeida
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biomedicine, Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, 1315 Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Laritza F Lima
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luís A Vieira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Carolina Maside
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Anna C A Ferreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Valdevane R Araújo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana B G Duarte
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ramon S Raposo
- Experimental Biology Core, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Sônia N Báo
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Cláudio C Campello
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luiz F S Oliveira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thayse P da Costa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Garcia Abreu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José R Figueiredo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biomedicine, Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, 1315 Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil.
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Li Y, Xu X, Bao J, Wang W. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment on brain antioxidant capacity in rats with decompression sickness. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021; 48:287-295. [PMID: 34390633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decompression sickness (DCS) causes serious brain hypoxic-ischemic injury. This experiment was designed to observe whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) pretreatment played a neuroprotective effect in decompression sickness rat models and to explore the mechanism of protective effects. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were pretreated with HBO2 and then underwent decompression to establish the DCS rat model. Antioxidant capacities were evaluated by detecting peroxides (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in brains. The levels of metal elements manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) in brain tissues were assessed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Necrosis and apoptosis of neurons were assessed by H-E staining and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS HBO2 pretreatment reduced the degree of necrosis and apoptosis in brain tissues of decompression sickness rat models. In addition, HBO2 pretreatment increased GPx, SOD and CAT activities and reduced MDA accumulation. It also increased the content of Mn, Zn, Fe and Mg in brain tissue, which are all related to free radical metabolism. CONCLUSION These results suggested that HBO2 pretreatment has protective effects on brain injury of rats with decompression sickness. The mechanism of the protective effects may be related to reducing oxidative damage by affecting metal elements in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Department of Aerospace Hygiene, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaona Xu
- Department of Health Education and Management, School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junxiang Bao
- Department of Aerospace Hygiene, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenlan Wang
- Department of Aerospace Hygiene, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Thadi A, Gleeson EM, Khalili M, Shaikh MF, Goldstein E, Morano WF, Daniels LM, Grandhi N, Glatthorn H, Richard SD, Campbell PM, Sarafraz-Yazdi E, Pincus MR, Bowne WB. Anti-Cancer Tumor Cell Necrosis of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines Depends on High Expression of HDM-2 Protein in Their Membranes. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2020; 50:611-624. [PMID: 33067207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with epithelial ovarian cancers experience the highest fatality rates among all gynecological malignancies which require development of novel treatment strategies. Tumor cell necrosis was previously reported in a number of cancer cell lines following treatment with a p53-derived anti-cancer peptide called PNC-27. This peptide induces necrosis by transmembrane pore formation with HDM-2 protein that is expressed in the cancer cell membrane. We aimed to extend these studies further by investigating expression of membrane HDM-2 protein in ovarian cancer as it relates to susceptibility to PNC-27. PROCEDURES Herein, we measured HDM-2 membrane expression in two ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3) and a non-transformed control cell line (HUVEC) by flow cytometric and western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence was used to visualize colocalization of PNC-27 with membrane HDM-2. Treatment effects with PNC-27 and control peptide were assessed using a MTT cell proliferation assay while direct cytotoxicity was measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and induction of apoptotic markers; annexin V and caspase-3. RESULTS HDM-2 protein was highly expressed and frequently detected in the membranes of SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells; a prominent 47.6 kDa HDM-2 plasma membrane isoform was present in both cell lines whereas 25, 29, and 30 kDa isoforms were preferentially expressed in OVCAR-3. Notably, PNC-27 colocalized with HDM-2 in the membranes of both cancer cell lines that resulted in rapid cellular necrosis. In contrast, no PNC-27 colocalization and cytotoxicity was observed with non-transformed HUVEC demonstrating minimal expression of membrane HDM-2. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HDM-2 is highly expressed in the membranes of these ovarian cancer cell lines and colocalizes with PNC-27. We therefore conclude that the association of PNC-27 with preferentially expressed membrane HDM-2 isoforms results in the proposed model for the formation of transmembrane pores and epithelial ovarian cancer tumor cell necrosis, as previously described in a number of solid tissue and hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Thadi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elizabeth M Gleeson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marian Khalili
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mohammad F Shaikh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eve Goldstein
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - William F Morano
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lynsey M Daniels
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nikhil Grandhi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Haley Glatthorn
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Scott D Richard
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paul M Campbell
- The Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Cancer Biology Program Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Matthew R Pincus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Wilbur B Bowne
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), due to its high mortality and morbidity, is an important research topic. Apoptosis plays a pathogenic role in a series of neurological disorders, from neurodegenerative diseases to acute neurological lesions.In this study, we analyzed the association between apoptosis and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), to examine the potential of apoptosis as a biomarker for a TBI outcome. Patients with severe TBI were recruited at the Department of Neurosurgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, between January 2018 and December 2019. As a control group, healthy subjects were recruited. The concentrations of caspase-3, cytochrome c, sFas, and caspase-9 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The association between the GOS and the clinical variables age, sex, initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), initial computed tomography (CT) findings, and apoptotic factors was determined using logistic regression. The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and thus the sensitivity and specificity of each risk factor, were obtained.The levels of caspase-3, cytochrome c, sFas, and caspase-9 in the TBI group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < .05). The logistic regression results showed that ICP and caspase-3 were significant predictors of outcome at 6 months post-TBI (P < .05). The AUC was 0.925 and 0.888 for ICP and caspase-3, respectively. However, the AUC for their combined prediction was 0.978, with a specificity and sensitivity of 96.0% and 95.2%, respectively, showing that the combined prediction was more reliable than that of the 2 separate factors.We demonstrated that caspase-3, cytochrome C, sFas, and caspase-9 were significantly increased in the CSF of patients following severe TBI. Furthermore, we found that ICP and caspase-3 were more reliable for outcome prediction in combination, rather than separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenfeng Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Hafez EN, Awadallah FM, Ibrahim SA, Amin MM, El-Nawasera NZ. Assessment of vaccination with gamma radiationattenuated infective Toxocara canis eggs on murine toxocariasis. Trop Biomed 2020; 37:89-102. [PMID: 33612721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxocara canis is a major parasite that infects many animals with high risk of human infections. This study aims at assessing the immunization with gamma radiationattenuated infective stage on rats challenged with non-irradiated dose. Level of vaccine protection was evaluated in liver and lung regarding parasitological, histopathological, biochemical and molecular parameters. Fifty rats were enrolled in three groups: group A (10 rats) as normal control; group B (20 rats) subdivided into subgroup B1 (infected control) and subgroup B2 infected then challenged after 14 days with the same dose of infection (challenged infected control); and group C (20 rats) subdivided into subgroup C1 vaccinated with a dose of 800 gray (Gy) gamma-radiated infective eggs (vaccine control) and subgroup C2 vaccinated then challenged on 14th day with same number of infective eggs (vaccinated-challenged). Tissues were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) for histopathological studies. Biochemical studies through detection of nitric oxide (NO) and Caspase-3 were conducted. Extent of DNA damage by Comet assay was assessed. Vaccinated-challenged subgroup revealed a marked reduction in larvae in tissues with mild associated histological changes. In addition there was accompanied reduction of NO, Casepase-3 level and DNA damage compared to the control infected group. It could be concluded that vaccination of rats with a dose of 800Gy gamma radiation-attenuated infective stage improves immune response to challenge infection and drastically reduces the morbidity currently seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Hafez
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - F M Awadallah
- Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S A Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M M Amin
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N Z El-Nawasera
- Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Krishnan P, Purushothaman KR, Purushothaman M, Tarricone A, Chen S, Singla S, Purushottam B, Kini A, Sharma S, Moreno PR. Histological features of restenosis associated with paclitaxel drug-coated balloon: implications for therapy. Cardiovasc Pathol 2019; 43:107139. [PMID: 31437716 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the cellular and extracellular changes induced by drug-coated balloons (DCB) in the treatment of superficial femoral artery (SFA) restenosis, and to compare histopathological features with those observed after plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) from the same patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Plaque samples for five patients with SFA restenosis (first-time) after POBA were collected using atherectomy and DCB. These samples constitute the POBA restenosis group. The same five patients developed recurrent restenosis (RR) after DCB, at the same intervention site. These SFA-RR lesions were again treated using atherectomy and POBA. These samples constitute the DCB restenosis group. DCB restenosis group plaques showed significant reduction in neointima, smooth muscle cells, fibroblast densities, and Ki67 index; and increase in caspase 3, features of apoptosis and type III collagen deposition in comparison to the POBA restenosis group. CONCLUSION Plaque tissue from the DCB restenosis group show reductions in neointimal thickness, cellularity, and cellular proliferation, along with increased apoptosis, and Type III collagen content. These results suggest a different mechanistic pathway for DCB restenosis, in which neointimal proliferation is reduced but reparative fibrosis is increased. The treatment for SFA-RR after DCB may therefore benefit from different forms of therapy including scaffolding, rather than recurrent anti-proliferative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Krishnan
- The Zena and Michael A. Weiner Cardiovascular Institute and the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - K-Raman Purushothaman
- The Zena and Michael A. Weiner Cardiovascular Institute and the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Meerarani Purushothaman
- The Zena and Michael A. Weiner Cardiovascular Institute and the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Arthur Tarricone
- The Zena and Michael A. Weiner Cardiovascular Institute and the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Simon Chen
- The Zena and Michael A. Weiner Cardiovascular Institute and the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Sandeep Singla
- The Zena and Michael A. Weiner Cardiovascular Institute and the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | | | - Annapoorna Kini
- The Zena and Michael A. Weiner Cardiovascular Institute and the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Samin Sharma
- The Zena and Michael A. Weiner Cardiovascular Institute and the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Pedro R Moreno
- The Zena and Michael A. Weiner Cardiovascular Institute and the Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center, Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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12
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Zhou T, Hu Y, Wang Y, Sun C, Zhong Y, Liao J, Wang G. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) aggravates apoptosis of cigarette-inflamed bronchial epithelium in vivo and vitro. Environ Pollut 2019; 248:1-9. [PMID: 30763815 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an essential risk factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent studies showed weak association between PM2.5 and COPD incidence, but smokers who exposed to higher PM2.5 concentration had more opportunity to gain COPD. Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor of COPD. Thus, we hypothesized: the role of PM2.5 played on cigarette-inflamed airways was more significant than normal airways. The study firstly established an animal model of C57BL/6J mice with cigarette smoke exposure and PM2.5 orotracheal administration. After calculating pathological scores, mean linear intercept and mean alveolar area, we found PM2.5 aggravated pathological injury of cigarette-inflamed lungs, but the injury on normal lungs was not significant. Meanwhile, inflammatory factors as T-bet, IFN-γ and IL-1α were tested using qRT-PCR and ELISA. The results showed PM2.5 aggravated inflammation of cigarette-inflamed lungs, but the effect on normal lungs was not significant. The most important pathogenesis of COPD is abnormal apoptosis in airway epithelium, due to oxidative stress following long-term exposure to cigarette smoke. Then, apoptotic responses were detected in lungs. TUNEL analysis demonstrated that PM2.5 promoted DNA fragmentation of cigarette-inflamed lungs, but the effect on normal lungs was not significant. Western-blot and immunohistochemistry showed caspase activated significantly in PM2.5-cigarette smoke exposed lungs and activated caspase 3 located mainly on bronchial epithelium. Next, human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured treated with cigarette smoke solution (CSS) with or without PM2.5. Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, was used to suppress the activation of caspases. After analyzing cell viability, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial activities and caspase activities, the results clarified that PM2.5 aggravated apoptosis in cigarette-inflamed bronchial epithelial cells and the responses could be suppressed by Z-VAD-FMK. Our results gave a new idea about the mechanism of PM2.5 on COPD and inferred cigarette-inflamed airways were more vulnerable to PM2.5 than normal airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yijue Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Jiping Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Cogo F, Poreba M, Rut W, Groborz K, Smyth P, Johnston MC, Williams R, Longley DB, Burden RE, Salvesen GS, Drag M, Scott CJ. Development of an advanced nanoformulation for the intracellular delivery of a caspase-3 selective activity-based probe. Nanoscale 2019; 11:742-751. [PMID: 30566168 PMCID: PMC7331821 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07859a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to label active caspase-3 represents a useful pharmacodynamic strategy to determine the efficacy of anti-tumour drugs. Activity-based probes (ABPs) provide a method for the labelling of activated caspases and the recent development of hybrid combinatorial substrate libraries (HyCoSuL) has allowed for the generation of highly selective ABPs to discriminately label these proteases. Here using this approach, a novel caspase-3 selective ABP (CS1) has been developed and validated in apoptotic cells to selectively bind caspase-3 over the closely related caspase-7. However, a critical bottleneck for ABPs is their cell penetrance and therefore this cell-impermeable CS1 probe was subsequently formulated into PLGA-based nanoparticles (CS1-NPs). We demonstrate the ability of these particles to be taken up by the cells and facilitate intracellular delivery of the ABP to effectively label caspase 3 in response to apoptotic stimuli. This work forms the foundation of a novel approach for the labelling of caspase 3 and may have downstream utility to measure real time apoptosis in tumours and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cogo
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Ataizi S, Ozkoc M, Kanbak G, Karimkhani H, Donmez DB, Ustunisik N, Ozturk B. A possible protective role of betain and omega-3 supplementation in traumatic brain injury. Ann Ital Chir 2019; 90:174-181. [PMID: 31182701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to irreversible damage following head trauma, many overlapping pathophysiological events occur including excitotoxicity, acidotoxicity, ionic imbalance, edema, oxidative stress inflammation and apoptosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this this study, after the rats were separated in to groups theserats were fed throughout fourteen days with betaine, omega-3 or betaine+omega-3 combination in physiological limits prior to the trauma. After a closed head trauma, the damaged brain tissues were collected for biochemically and histologically analyses. This examination involved analyses of levels of caspase-3 and cytochrome C and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels in brain tissue. RESULTS These analyses showed that traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused an increase in the levels of caspase-3, cytochrome C and neuron-specific enolase (NED) in the brain tissues examined. DISCUSSION In this study, apoptotic and/or necrotic cell death via mitochondrial cytochrome C caspase pathway in traumatized cells and neuron-specific enolase (NED) increase indicative of neuronal damage confirmed the research hypothesis. CONCLUSION Level of the biomarkers induced by brain injury in the groups fed with betaine, omega-3 and betaine+omega-3 combination before the traumatic damage approximated to that of control group values, suggesting that these products may have a neuroprotective role. KEY WORDS Betain, Caspase-3, Cytochrome C and Neuron-specific enolase, Omega-3, Traumatic brain injury.
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Zhong L, Ju GQ, Liu GH, Sun J. [Mechanisms of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles protecting Leydig cells from acute oxidative injury in rats]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2018; 24:14-18. [PMID: 30157354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) alleviating acute oxidative stress injury to Leydig cells. METHODS The model of testicular ischemia-reperfusion was established by unilateral testicular resection in 10 SD rats followed by injection of EVs into the tail vein in 5 of the animals (the experimental group) and that of isotonic PBS in the other 5(the control group).At 2 hours after reperfusion, the infiltration of neutrophilsin the testicular tissue was detected by HE staining, the apoptosis of Leydig cells measured by TUNEL and Caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, and the proliferation of Leydig cellsdetermined by Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Compared with the control, the experimental group showed significantlymilderinfiltration of neutrophils in the interstitial tissueof the testis and lower apoptosis and higher proliferation of Leydig cells. CONCLUSIONS Stem cell EVs can reduce the adhesion of neutrophils in the acute phase and alleviate acute oxidative stress injury to Leydig cells by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Guan-Qun Ju
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
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Xia Y, Bin P, Liu S, Chen S, Yin J, Liu G, Tang Z, Ren W. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection promotes apoptosis in piglets. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:290-294. [PMID: 30243552 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), as a universal pathogen, often causes diarrhea in animals and humans. However, whether ETEC infection induces apoptosis in host remains controversial. Herein, we use ETEC-infected piglet to investigate apoptosis in the jejunum. Apoptosis and the activation of capase-3 are observed in piglet jejunum after ETEC infection. Additionally, ETEC infection induces the activation of caspase-8 pathway, but inhibits the activation of caspase-9 pathway in piglet jejunum. These findings demonstrate that ETEC infection may inhibit the intrinsic pathway and activate the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xia
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Bin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product, Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shaojuan Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product, Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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17
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Yao K, Wang W, Li H, Lin J, Tan W, Chen Y, Guo L, Lin D, Chen T, Zhou J, Zhai S, Yu W. Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) activates lymphocyte to promote autophagy and apoptosis of gastric cancer MGC-803 cell. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018; 64:11-16. [PMID: 29808794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) has a potential anti-tumor effect on gastric cancer. However, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of BCG on gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 and studied the potential cooperation of BCG and lymphocyte in determining the final fate of cancer cells. After treatment with BCG, the cell viability was significantly inhibited in a dosage-dependent manner. Flow cytometry assay showed the apoptosis rates were significantly increased by BCG. Using western blot assay, results showed that BCG increased cleaved-caspase-3, LC-3BII and Atg-3. After cocultured with BCG and lymphocyte, the apoptosis rates, the levels of cleaved-caspase-3, and the protein levels of LC-3BII and Atg-3 were significantly increased compared with BCG or lymphocytes alone groups. ELISA detection found that BCG induced secretion of interferon gamma (IFNg) from lymphocytes. BCG with IFNg also increased levels of cleaved-caspase-3, LC-3BII and Atg-3. Taken together, BCG promotes lymphocyte immunocompetence to induce cell apoptosis and autophagy in MGC-803 cells, might through inducing release of IFNg from peripheral blood lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine /School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Foshan Fourth People's Hospital, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Haicheng Li
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518102, China
| | - Jinfei Lin
- Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Weiguo Tan
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518102, China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lina Guo
- Nutritional department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Dongzi Lin
- Clinic laboratory of Dongguan Sixth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 523008, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine /School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuangqing Zhai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine /School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weiye Yu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518102, China
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18
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Asensio JA, Cáceres ARR, Pelegrina LT, Sanhueza MDLÁ, Scotti L, Parborell F, Laconi MR. Allopregnanolone alters follicular and luteal dynamics during the estrous cycle. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:35. [PMID: 29636114 PMCID: PMC5894215 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allopregnanolone is a neurosteroid synthesized in the central nervous system independently of steroidogenic glands; it influences sexual behavior and anxiety. The aim of this work is to evaluate the indirect effect of a single pharmacological dose of allopregnanolone on important processes related to normal ovarian function, such as folliculogenesis, angiogenesis and luteolysis, and to study the corresponding changes in endocrine profile and enzymatic activity over 4 days of the rat estrous cycle. We test the hypothesis that allopregnanolone may trigger hypothalamus - hypophysis - ovarian axis dysregulation and cause ovarian failure which affects the next estrous cycle stages. METHODS Allopregnanolone was injected during the proestrous morning and then, the animals were sacrificed at each stage of the estrous cycle. Ovarian sections were processed to determine the number and diameter of different ovarian structures. Cleaved caspase 3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, α-actin and Von Willebrand factor expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estrogen and progesterone serum levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The enzymatic activities of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 3α-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase and 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were determined by spectrophotometric assays. Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni was performed to determine statistical differences between control and treated groups along the four stages of the cycle. RESULTS The results indicate that allopregnanolone allopregnanolone decreased the number of developing follicles, while atretic follicles and cysts increased with no effects on normal cyclicity. Some cysts in treated ovaries showed morphological characteristics similar to luteinized unruptured follicles. The apoptosis/proliferation balance increased in follicles from treated rats. The endocrine profile was altered at different stages of the estrous cycle of treated rats. The angiogenic markers expression increased in treated ovaries. As regards corpora lutea, the apoptosis/proliferation balance and 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymatic activity decreased significantly. Progesterone levels and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymatic activity increased in treated rats. These data suggest that allopregnanolone interferes with steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis at different stages of the cycle. CONCLUSION Allopregnanolone interferes with corpora lutea regression, which might indicate that this neurosteroid exerts a protective role over the luteal cells and prevents them from luteolysis. Allopregnanolone plays an important role in the ovarian pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Antonela Asensio
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU - CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Antonella Rosario Ramona Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU - CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Laura Tatiana Pelegrina
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU - CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María de Los Ángeles Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU - CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Leopoldina Scotti
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología del Ovario, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Parborell
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología del Ovario, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME - CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Myriam Raquel Laconi
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Ovárica, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU - CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Ambientales, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza, Mendoza, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina.
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Abstract
Impaired apoptosis is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Caspase-3 and -8 are key regulators of the apoptotic response and have been shown to interact with the calpain family, a group of cysteine proteases, during tumorigenesis. The current study sought to investigate the prognostic potential of caspase-3 and -8 in breast cancer, as well as the prognostic value of combinatorial caspase and calpain expression. A large cohort (n = 1902) of early stage invasive breast cancer patients was used to explore the expression of caspase-3 and -8. Protein expression was examined using standard immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. High caspase-3 expression, but not caspase-8, is significantly associated with adverse breast cancer-specific survival (P = 0.008 and P = 0.056, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that caspase-3 remained an independent factor when confounding factors were included (hazard ratio (HR) 1.347, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.086–1.670; P = 0.007). The analyses in individual subgroups demonstrated the significance of caspase-3 expression in clinical outcomes in receptor positive (ER, PR or HER2) subgroups (P = 0.001) and in non-basal like subgroup (P = 0.029). Calpain expression had been previously assessed. Significant association was also found between high caspase-3/high calpain-1 and breast cancer-specific survival in the total patient cohort (P = 0.005) and basal-like subgroup (P = 0.034), as indicated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Caspase-3 expression is associated with adverse breast cancer-specific survival in breast cancer patients, and provides additional prognostic values in distinct phenotypes. Combinatorial caspase and calpain expression can predict worse prognosis, especially in basal-like phenotypes. The findings warrant further validation studies in independent multi-centre patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Pu
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sarah J Storr
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew R Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stewart G Martin
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK.
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Zherdeva V, Kazachkina NI, Shcheslavskiy V, Savitsky AP. Long-term fluorescence lifetime imaging of a genetically encoded sensor for caspase-3 activity in mouse tumor xenografts. J Biomed Opt 2018; 23:1-11. [PMID: 29500873 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.3.035002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-3 is known for its role in apoptosis and programmed cell death regulation. We detected caspase-3 activation in vivo in tumor xenografts via shift of mean fluorescence lifetimes of a caspase-3 sensor. We used the genetically encoded sensor TR23K based on the red fluorescent protein TagRFP and chromoprotein KFP linked by 23 amino acid residues (TagRFP-23-KFP) containing a specific caspase cleavage DEVD motif to monitor the activity of caspase-3 in tumor xenografts by means of fluorescence lifetime imaging-Forster resonance energy transfer. Apoptosis was induced by injection of paclitaxel for A549 lung adenocarcinoma and etoposide and cisplatin for HEp-2 pharynx adenocarcinoma. We observed a shift in lifetime distribution from 1.6 to 1.9 ns to 2.1 to 2.4 ns, which indicated the activation of caspase-3. Even within the same tumor, the lifetime varied presumably due to the tumor heterogeneity and the different depth of tumor invasion. Thus, processing time-resolved fluorescence images allows detection of both the cleaved and noncleaved states of the TR23K sensor in real-time mode during the course of several weeks noninvasively. This approach can be used in drug screening, facilitating the development of new anticancer agents as well as improvement of chemotherapy efficiency and its adaptation for personal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Zherdeva
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bach Institute of Biochemistry,, Russia
| | - Natalia I Kazachkina
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bach Institute of Biochemistry,, Russia
| | | | - Alexander P Savitsky
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bach Institute of Biochemistry,, Russia
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Nuñez-Hernandez DM, Felix-Portillo M, Peregrino-Uriarte AB, Yepiz-Plascencia G. Cell cycle regulation and apoptosis mediated by p53 in response to hypoxia in hepatopancreas of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Chemosphere 2018; 190:253-259. [PMID: 28992477 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although hypoxic aquatic environments cause negative effects on shrimp, these animals can withstand somewhat hypoxia, but the cellular mechanisms underlying this capacity are still poorly understood. In humans, mild hypoxia causes the induction of many proteins to allow cell survival. In contrast, apoptosis is induced during severe hypoxia leading to cell death. p53 is a key transcription factor that determines cells fate towards cell cycle arrest or induction of apoptosis in humans. The aim of this work was to study the role of p53 in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis in response to hypoxia in hepatopancreas of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. p53 was silenced by RNAi and afterwards the shrimp were exposed to hypoxia. Cdk-2 was used as indicator of cell cycle progression while caspase-3 expression and caspase activity were analyzed as indicators of apoptosis. p53 levels in hepatopancreas were significantly higher at 48 h after hypoxic treatment. Increased expression levels of Cdk-2 were found in p53-silenced shrimp after 24 and 48 h in the normoxic treatments as well as 48 h after hypoxia, indicating a possible role of p53 in cell cycle regulation. In response to hypoxia, unsilenced shrimp showed an increase in caspase-3 expression levels, however an increase was also observed in caspase activity at 24 h of normoxic conditions in p53-silenced shrimps. Taken together these results indicate the involvement of p53 in regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis in the white shrimp in response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia M Nuñez-Hernandez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Monserrath Felix-Portillo
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada, Km 1, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, 33820, Mexico
| | - Alma B Peregrino-Uriarte
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico.
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Abstract
Caspase-3 is a proteolytic enzyme that functions as a key effector in apoptotic cell death. Determining activity of caspase-3 provides critical information about cancer cell viability and response to treatment. To measure apoptosis in intact cells and living mice, a fluorescence imaging reporter that detects caspase-3 activity by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used. Changes in FRET by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) were measured. Unlike FRET measurements based on fluorescence intensity, lifetime measurements are independent of reporter concentration and scattering of light in tissue, making FLIM a robust method for imaging in 3D environments. Apoptosis of breast cancer cells in 2D culture, spheroids, and in vivo murine breast tumor xenografts in response to a variety of genetic and pharmacologic methods implicated in apoptosis of cancer cells was studied. This approach for quantifying apoptosis of cancer cells is based on caspase-3 activity at single-cell resolution using FLIM. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Buschhaus
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kathryn E. Luker
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gary D. Luker
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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23
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Adaramoye O, Erguen B, Nitzsche B, Höpfner M, Jung K, Rabien A. Punicalagin, a polyphenol from pomegranate fruit, induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in human PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 274:100-106. [PMID: 28709945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is an international health problem and search for its effective treatment is in progress. Punicalagin (PN), polyphenol from pomegranate fruit, is known to exhibit potent anticancer activity in lung, breast and cervical cells. However, there is paucity of information on its effect in PCa. This study evaluated anti-proliferative effects of PN and its effects on extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in PCa cells, and angiogenesis in chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Antioxidant activities of PN were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO) methods. PCa (PC-3 and LNCaP) and normal prostate (BPH-1) cells were cultured and treated with PN (10, 50 and 100 μM). Cytotoxicity and viability effects of PN were determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and XTT assays, respectively. Antiangiogenic effects were measured using CAM assay, while apoptosis was assessed by DNA fragmentation, enrichment factor by Cell Death Detection ELISA kit and expressions of caspases-3 and -8. Results showed that PN (10-200 μM) significantly scavenged DPPH and inhibited LPO in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, PN (10-100 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited viability in PC-3 and LNCaP, while viability in BPH-1 was insignificantly affected. PN had low toxicity on cells in vitro at concentrations tested. Also, PN (100 μM) increased enrichment factor in PC-3 (2.34 ± 0.05) and LNCaP (2.31 ± 0.26) relative to control (1.00 ± 0.00). In addition, PN (50 μM) decreased the network of vessels in CAM, suggesting its anti-angiogenic effect. Moreso, PN increased the expressions of caspases-3 and -8 in PC-3. Overall, PN exerts anti-proliferative activity in PCa cells via induction of apoptosis and anti-angiogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin Adaramoye
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Section, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Bettina Erguen
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bianca Nitzsche
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Rabien
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute for Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Lima LF, Rocha RMP, Duarte ABG, Brito IR, Silva GM, Rodrigues GQ, Nunes-Pinheiro DCS, Sales AD, Moura AA, Wheeler MB, Rodrigues APR, Campello CC, Figueiredo JR. Unexpected effect of the vehicle (grain ethanol) of homeopathic FSH on the in vitro survival and development of isolated ovine preantral follicles. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:406-418. [PMID: 27921341 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of medium replacement system (experiment I) and of FSH presentations (homeopathic - FSH 6cH and allopathic FSH - rFSH; experiment II) on the in vitro development, hormone production and gene expression of isolated ovine preantral follicles cultured for 6 days. In experiment I, secondary follicles were cultured in the α-MEM+ supplemented with FSH 6cH (0.05 fg/ml) or recombinant bovine FSH (100 ng/ml) without/with daily medium addition. The homeopathic FSH treatments with/without medium addition improved (p < .05) follicular development compared to rFSH100 treatment without addition. FSH 6cH with addition showed the highest (p < .05) estradiol production. To verify whether the effects of homeopathic FSH were not due to its vehicle, experiment II was performed. The α-MEM+ was supplemented or not with alcohol (0.2% grain ethanol, v/v), FSH 6cH or rFSH100 with daily medium addition. Surprisingly, we found that all treatments improved follicular development compared to the α-MEM+ (p < .05). Moreover, homeopathic FSH was similar to the other treatments including its vehicle. In conclusion, its vehicle (ethanol) causes the effect of homeopathic FSH on in vitro development of isolated ovine preantral follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lartiza F Lima
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Department of Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceara, Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-903, Brazil
| | - Rebeca M P Rocha
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Department of Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceara, Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz G Duarte
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Department of Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceara, Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-903, Brazil
| | - Ivina R Brito
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Department of Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceara, Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-903, Brazil
| | - Gerlane M Silva
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Department of Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceara, Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-903, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Q Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Department of Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceara, Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-903, Brazil
| | - Diana C S Nunes-Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Department of Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceara, Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-903, Brazil
| | - Antônia D Sales
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Department of Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceara, Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-903, Brazil
| | - Arlindo A Moura
- Group of Research in Biology of Reproduction - Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Matthew B Wheeler
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Ana Paula R Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Department of Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceara, Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-903, Brazil
| | - Cláudio C Campello
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Department of Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceara, Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-903, Brazil
| | - José Ricardo Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles Department of Faculty of Veterinary, State University of Ceara, Itaperi Campus, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-903, Brazil
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25
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Cheng X, Hou Z, Sun J, Huang Y, Wang L, Zhou Z, Zhou LH, Cai Y. Protective effects of Tongxinluo on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury related to Connexin 43/Calpain II/Bax/Caspase-3 pathway in rat. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 198:148-157. [PMID: 28065778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tongxinluo (TXL) is a multifunctional traditional Chinese medicine and has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Numerous studies demonstrate that TXL is a novel neuroprotective drug, however, the mechanisms are largely unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY we aimed to demonstrate the protective effect of TXL on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and provide the evidence for the involvement of Connexin 43/Calpain II/ Bax/Caspase-3 pathway in TXL-mediated neuroprotection. METHODS Focal cerebral I/R injury were induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO, for 90min) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. We estimated the effects of TXL on I/R injury including neurological deficit assessment and cerebral infarct volume measurement via TTC staining, and detected the protein expression of Connexin 43 (Cx43) by western blot. Furthermore, after the intracerebroventricular injection of carbenoxolone (CBX, the inhibitor of Cx43) at 30min before MCAO surgery, Calpain II, Bax and cleaved Caspased-3 immunoreactivity in ischemic penumbra region was detected by immunofluorescent staining, and cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. RESULTS TXL treatment greatly improved neurological deficit and reduced the infarction volume compared to MCAO with buffer treatment (P<0.05), and TXL pre-post treatment showed better results than TXL pre-treatment. TXL pre-post treatment significantly up-regulated Cx43 protein expression at 3d, 7d and 14d post-injury compared to MCAO with buffer treatment (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the immunoreactivity of Calpain II, Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 in ischemic penumbra region was obviously decreased by TXL pre-post treatment compared to MCAO group (P<0.05). However, with the treatment of the Cx43 inhibitor, CBX, the down-regulated effect of TXL on Calpain II, Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 immunoreactivity was abolished (P<0.05). Moreover, the protective effect of TXL against neuron apoptosis in penumbra region was conteracted by CBX (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS TXL could effectively protect against I/R injury and reduced cell death via Cx43/Calpain II/Bax/Caspase-3 pathway, which contribute to I/R injury prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Zijun Hou
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Medical Experimental Center, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang 473004, P.R. China.
| | - Jingbo Sun
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Li-Hua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Zhong Shan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yefeng Cai
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; The Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Abstract
Boron is one of the important elements that have a cell-growth suppressing effect. The apoptotic effects of B(2)O(3) that were investigated in rats on liver regeneration following 70 % partial hepatectomy (PH). Wistar albino male rats were used and divided into 4 groups (n = 7). The Saline control groups were given only a single dose of saline; the B(2)O(3)-treated groups that were only given a single dose of 1800 mg.kg(-1) B(2)O(3) by means of intraperitoneal injections following hepatectomy. Three and 6 hours after surgical procedures, all the groups were dissected and liver tissue samples were taken from the groups for NF-κB for caspase-3 gene and protein levels investigation by RT-PCR and TaqMan Protein Assay and histological analyses by TUNEL assay. B(2)O(3)-treated animals were examined and it was observed that NF-κB levels were decreased; however, caspase-3 gene expression and protein levels were increased significantly. This study demonstrated that B(2)O(3) induces caspase-3 and inhibits NF-κB at the early stage of liver regeneration (Fig. 4, Ref. 26).
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Shen Z, Deng H, Ye D, Zhang J, Qiu S, Li Q, Cui X. [Effect of DJ-1 silencing by RNA interference on growth of xenografted human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Hep-2 cells in nude mice]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2016; 45:349-355. [PMID: 27868407 PMCID: PMC10396977 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2016.07.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of silencing DJ-1 on xenografted human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) Hep-2 cells in nude mice. Methods: Xenograft model of human LSCC was established by subcutaneous transplantation of Hep-2 cells in 24 nude mice. The LSCC-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 in each):DJ-1 siRNA low dose group and DJ-1 siRNA high dose group were injected in tumors with 20 μg of DJ-1 siRNA or 40 μg of DJ-1 siRNA in 50 μL, respectively; control group was injected with 5% glucose solution in 50 μL, twice a week for 3 weeks. The weight and size of tumors were measured before injection. The animals were sacrificed 48 h after the final treatment, and the tumors were harvested and weighed. The apoptosis and proliferation of tumor cells were determined; the expressions of Caspase-3 and Ki-67 in tumor specimens were detected with immunohistochemistry. The expression of DJ-1, PTEN, survivin mRNA and protein in tumor tissues were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results: Tumor weight in low dose group[(0.66±0.15)g] and high dose group[(0.48±0.11)g] were significantly lower than that in control group[(0.83±0.16)g, all P<0.05]. The inhibition rates of low dose group and high dose group were (20.48±0.18)% and (42.16±0.13)%, respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Caspase-3 was increased and Ki-67 was reduced in tumor specimens, compared with the control group (all P<0.05). RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that in low dose group and high dose group the mRNA and protein expression of DJ-1 and survivin significantly decreased (all P<0.05), while PTEN mRNA and protein content increased (all P<0.05). Conclusion: High dose DJ-1 siRNA can inhibit the tumor growth in human LSCC xenograft nude mouse model, which indicates that down-regulating DJ-1 and survivin, and up-regulating PTEN expression may lead to blockage of PI3K-PKB/Akt signaling pathway and promoting tumor cell apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/physiopathology
- Caspase 3/analysis
- Caspase 3/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/chemistry
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/chemistry
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Heterografts/drug effects
- Heterografts/physiology
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/analysis
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/drug effects
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Ki-67 Antigen/drug effects
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/chemistry
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/genetics
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Mice, Nude
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/analysis
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/drug effects
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/drug effects
- Protein Deglycase DJ-1/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/drug effects
- RNA Interference/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Shijie Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315040, China
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28
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Di Leo A, Nesi G, Principi M, Piscitelli D, Girardi B, Pricci M, Losurdo G, Iannone A, Ierardi E, Tonelli F. Epithelial turnover in duodenal familial adenomatous polyposis: A possible role for estrogen receptors? World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3202-3211. [PMID: 27003997 PMCID: PMC4789995 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate estrogen receptors expression in duodenal familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and any relationship with epithelial proliferation/apoptosis markers.
METHODS: Twenty-two patients affected by FAP undergoing duodenal resection for malignancies were recruited. Controls were 15 healthy subjects undergoing endoscopy for dyspeptic symptoms. ER-α, ER-α, Ki-67, TUNEL and caspase 3 expression (labeling index: percentage of positive cells) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence and examined by light or confocal microscopy. Samples were assigned to four groups: normal tissue, low (LGD) and high-grade dysplasia (HGD), adenocarcinoma (AC). One-way analysis of variance, corrected by Bonferroni’s test, and Pearson’s correlation test were applied for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: ER-beta showed a progressive decline: normal tissue (23.5 ± 4.9), LGD (21.1 ± 4.8), HGD (9.3 ± 3.5), AC (7.1 ± 3.1). The normal tissue of FAP subjects expressed ER-beta like the controls (23.9 ± 6.2). Conversely, ER-α showed a progressive increase from normal tissue (24.8 ± 5.6) to AC (52.0 ± 8.2); the expression in normal tissue was similar to controls (22.5 ± 5.3). Ki67 demonstrated a statistically significant progressive increase at each disease stage up to AC. TUNEL did not reveal differences between controls and normal tissue of FAP subjects, but progressive decreases were observed in LGD, through HGD to AC. Pearson’s correlation test showed a direct relationship between ER-β and TUNEL LI (r = 0.8088, P < 0.0001). Conversely, ER-α was inversely correlated with TUNEL LI (r = - 0.7257, P < 0.0001). The co-expression of ER-β and caspase 3 declined progressively from normal to neoplastic tissue.
CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that ER-β is strongly decreased in duodenal FAP carcinomas, declining in a multiple step fashion, thereby suggesting a putative anti-carcinogenic effect. ER-α showed the opposite trend. ER-β/caspase 3 co-expression suggests this hormone’s possible involvement in apoptosis. Hormonal influences in FAP duodenal tumorigenesis, and modulation of these as a possible chemoprevention strategy, may be a promising approach.
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29
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Lamba Saini M, Bouzin C, Weynand B, Marbaix E. An Appraisal of Proliferation and Apoptotic Markers in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Automated Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148656. [PMID: 26863116 PMCID: PMC4749175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Proliferation and apoptosis are opposing processes by which the cell numbers are kept in a delicate balance, essential for tissue homeostasis, whereas uncontrolled growth of cells is a hallmark of cancer. Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the commonest type of thyroid cancer, with some PTC following an indolent course, whereas the other ones are more aggressive. Aim To evaluate respective contribution of proliferation and apoptosis in the tumorigenesis of PTC by automated analysis. Materials and Methods We investigated the immunolabeling of phosphorylated histone H3 (pHH3), cyclin D1, active caspase-3, and bcl-2 in thirteen cases each of metastatic PTC, follicular variant of PTC (FVPTC), papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) and well differentiated tumor of uncertain malignant potential (WDT-UMP). FVPTC cases comprised seven encapsulated and six unencapsulated cases. Results Proliferation, as assessed by pHH3 and cyclin D1 immunolabeling, was increased in all PTC variants, including the putative precursor lesion WDT-UMP, compared to normal thyroid tissue. pHH3 was immunolabeled in more cells of metastatic PTC than of PMC and of encapsulated FVPTC. Surprisingly, metastatic PTC and unencapsulated FVPTC also demonstrated more cleaved caspase-3 immunolabeled cells than the other types. In contrast, increased expression of bcl-2 protein was seen in normal thyroid areas, encapsulated FVPTC and PMC as compared to metastatic PTC. Metastatic PTC shows higher proliferation than other types of PTC but unexpectedly also higher apoptotic levels. Similar results were also seen with unencapsulated FVPTC, thus suggesting that unencapsulated FVPTC has a potential for adverse outcome. Bcl-2 was immunolabeled in a low percentage of cells in WDT-UMP. Conclusions The expression of the proliferative protein pHH3 together with the apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3 may indicate an aggressive behaviour of PTC and loss of apoptosis inhibition by bcl-2 protein can further amplify the role of these proteins in tumor progression. Both cyclin D1 and bcl-2 could prove to be interesting markers of PTC precursor lesions. Automated/digital image quantification approach helps in refining the diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lamba Saini
- Service d'anatomie pathologique, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institut de Duve, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate, 10 T-1, B-1200, Bruxelles, Belgium
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform (2IP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Birgit Weynand
- Pathologische Ontleedkunde, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Herestraat, 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- Service d'anatomie pathologique, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, and Institut de Duve, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate, 10 T-1, B-1200, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Zlobovskaya OA, Sergeeva TF, Shirmanova MV, Dudenkova VV, Sharonov GV, Zagaynova EV, Lukyanov KA. Genetically encoded far-red fluorescent sensors for caspase-3 activity. Biotechniques 2016; 60:62-8. [PMID: 26842350 DOI: 10.2144/000114377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-3 is a key effector caspase that is activated in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Available fluorescent sensors for caspase-3 activity operate in relatively short wavelength regions and are nonoptimal for multiparameter microscopy and whole-body imaging. In the present work, we developed new genetically encoded sensors for caspase-3 activity possessing the most red-shifted spectra to date. These consist of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs in which a far-red fluorescent protein (mKate2 or eqFP650) is connected to the infrared fluorescent protein iRFP through a linker containing the DEVD caspase-3 cleavage site. During staurosporine-induced apoptosis of mammalian cells (HeLa and CT26), both mKate2-DEVD-iRFP and eqFP650-DEVD-iRFP sensors showed a robust response (1.6-fold increase of the donor fluorescence intensity). However, eqFP650-DEVD-iRFP displayed aggregation in some cells. For stably transfected CT26 mKate2-DEVD-iRFP cells, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) enabled us to detect caspase-3 activation due to the increase of mKate2 donor fluorescence lifetime from 1.45 to 2.05 ns. We took advantage of the strongly red-shifted spectrum of mKate2-DEVD-iRFP to perform simultaneous imaging of EGFP-Bax translocation during apoptosis. We conclude that mKate2-DEVD-iRFP is well-suited for multiparameter imaging and also potentially beneficial for in vivo imaging in animal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Varvara V Dudenkova
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - George V Sharonov
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Raoof M, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Nourzadeh M, Raoof R, Abbasnejad M, Amirkhosravi L, Hajializadeh Z, Haghani J, Rafie F. Noxious Stimulation of the Rat Tooth Pulp May Impair Learning and Memory Through the Induction of Hippocampal Apoptosis. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 2016; 29:390-7. [PMID: 26485387 DOI: 10.11607/ofph.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether noxious stimulation of the rat tooth pulp induces learning and memory impairment through the induction of apoptosis in the hippocampus. METHODS Thirty-five adult rats were divided randomly into five groups (each n=7) as follows: control, sham-operated, sham-vehicle, capsaicin-treated, and capsaicin plus ibuprofen-treated group. After preparing dental cavities via cutting 2 mm of the distal extremities of the mandibular incisors, polyethylene crowns were placed on the teeth. Based on the study groups, different injections were administered into the cavities. Nociceptive scores for each block were obtained by measuring the number of seconds that the animal spent rubbing and flicking the lower jaw. After recording the nociceptive behaviors, spatial learning and memory were assessed by using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. The hippocampal levels of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 protein were determined by immunoblotting. Statistical analyses were performed using one- or two-way analysis of variance. RESULTS Noxious pulp stimulation induced by intradental application of capsaicin significantly increased time and traveled distance in the MWM test. Capsaicin stimulation of the pulp also significantly increased the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio and activated caspase-3 in the hippocampus (P<.01), which was inhibited by ibuprofen pretreatment (P<.05). CONCLUSION Memory and learning impairment induced by noxious stimulation of the rat tooth pulp may be correlated with activation of apoptotic pathways in the hippocampus.
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Dozic B, Glumac S, Boricic N, Dozic M, Anicic B, Boricic I. Immunohistochemical expression of caspases 9 and 3 in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands and association with clinicopathological parameters. J BUON 2016; 21:152-160. [PMID: 27061543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is one of the most common malignant salivary gland tumors. It is characterized by a high rate of recurrence, perineural invasion and development of distant metastases many years after removal of the primary tumor. Disorders of the induction of apoptosis and its cascade reactions where caspases are involved may be significant in the pathogenesis of this tumor. METHODS The immunohistochemical expression of caspase 9 and caspase 3 was analyzed by tissue microarray (TMA) in 50 cases of ACC in relation with different clinicopathological parameters (gender, age, localization, histological type and overall survival). RESULTS Caspase 9 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of ACC tumor cells with varying degrees of staining intensity (1+, 6%; 2+, 54%, 3+, 40%). Comparison of caspase 9 expression in tumor cells with clinicopathological parameters (gender, age, localization, histological type and overall survival) showed no statistically significant difference except that the expression was more pronounced in females. Caspase 3 was expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells with varying degrees of staining intensity (1+, 22%; 2+, 36%; 3+, 42%). No correlation between the expression of caspase 3 and clinicopathological parameters was noticed. CONCLUSIONS The expression of caspases 9 and 3 in ACC of the salivary glands can contribute in the better characterization of molecules involved in apoptosis of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Dozic
- Institute of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Yeganeh B, Rezaei Moghadam A, Alizadeh J, Wiechec E, Alavian SM, Hashemi M, Geramizadeh B, Samali A, Bagheri Lankarani K, Post M, Peymani P, Coombs KM, Ghavami S. Hepatitis B and C virus-induced hepatitis: Apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:13225-39. [PMID: 26715805 PMCID: PMC4679754 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i47.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the co-incidence of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response (UPR) in hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infected hepatocytes. METHODS We performed immunofluorescence confocal microscopy on 10 liver biopsies from HBV and HCV patients and tissue microarrays of HBV positive liver samples. We used specific antibodies for LC3β, cleaved caspase-3, BIP (GRP78), and XBP1 to detect autophagy, apoptosis and UPR, respectively. Anti-HCV NS3 and anti-HBs antibodies were also used to confirm infection. We performed triple blind counting of events to determine the co-incidence of autophagy (LC3β punctuate), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3), and unfolded protein response (GRP78) with HBV and HCV infection in hepatocytes. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software for Windows (Version 16 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, United States). P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney test to compare incidence rates for autophagy, apoptosis, and UPR in HBV- and HCV-infected cells and adjacent non-infected cells. RESULTS Our results showed that infection of hepatocytes with either HBV and HCV induces significant increase (P < 0.001) in apoptosis (cleavage of caspase-3), autophagy (LC3β punctate), and UPR (increase in GRP78 expression) in the HCV- and HBV-infected cells, as compared to non-infected cells of the same biopsy sections. Our tissue microarray immunohistochemical expression analysis of LC3β in HBV(Neg) and HBV(Pos) revealed that majority of HBV-infected hepatocytes display strong positive staining for LC3β. Interestingly, although XBP splicing in HBV-infected cells was significantly higher (P < 0.05), our analyses show a slight increase of XBP splicing was in HCV-infected cells (P > 0.05). Furthermore, our evaluation of patients with HBV and HCV infection based on stage and grade of the liver diseases revealed no correlation between these pathological findings and induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that HCV and HBV infection activates apoptosis, autophagy and UPR, but slightly differently by each virus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interconnections between these pathways in relation to pathology of HCV and HBV in the liver tissue.
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Yang JF, Gao RC, Wu HT, Li PF, Hu XS, Zhou DY, Zhu BW, Su YC. Analysis of Apoptosis in Ultraviolet-Induced Sea Cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) Melting Using Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl-Transferase-Mediated dUTP Nick End-Labeling Assay and Cleaved Caspase-3 Immunohistochemistry. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:9601-9608. [PMID: 26484758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The sea cucumber body wall melting phenomenon occurs under certain circumstances, and the mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. This study investigated the apoptosis in the ultraviolet (UV)-induced sea cucumber melting phenomenon. Fresh sea cucumbers (Stichopus japonicus) were exposed to UV radiation for half an hour at an intensity of 0.056 mW/cm(2) and then held at room temperature for melting development. The samples were histologically processed into formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. The apoptosis of samples was analyzed with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. The emergence of TUNEL-positive cells speeds up between 0.5 and 2 h after UV irradiation. Cleaved caspase-3 positive cells were obviously detected in sample tissues immediately after the UV irradiation. These results demonstrated that sea cucumber melting induced by UV irradiation was triggered by the activation of caspase-3 followed by DNA fragmentation in sea cucumber tissue, which was attributed to apoptosis but was not a consequence of autolysis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Feng Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Chun Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Shu Hu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Da-Yong Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Cheng Su
- Seafood Research and Education Center, Oregon State University , Astoria, Oregon 97103, United States
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methotrexate (MTX) is used to treat cancers, several forms of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions, although MTX may cause pulmonary toxicity related to the production of free oxygen radicals, various cytokines. Infliximab (IB) with its potent effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibition also inhibits the release of endothelin-1 (ET-1). We aimed to investigate whether IB reduces pulmonary damage induced by an overdose of MTX. METHOD The rats were divided into 3 groups of 8 animals. The control group was given only saline. One dose of 20mg/kg MTX intraperitoneal was administered in the MTX group. IB 7 mg/kg was given to the MTX+IB (MI) group. Three days after IB was administered, 20mg/kg MTX was given. Five days after MTX was administered, all rats were sacrificed. RESULTS The TNF-α, ET-1, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and caspase-3 levels in MTX group were significantly higher than in control groups of TNF-α (P=.001), ET-1 (P=.001), MDA (P=.001), MPO (P=.001) and caspase-3 levels (P=.001) and MI groups of TNF-α (P=.009), ET-1 (P=.001), MDA (P=.047), MPO (P=.007) and caspase-3 levels (P=.003). The MI group had less histopathological damage in lung tissue than the MTX group. CONCLUSION Overdose of MTX leads to cytokine release and the formation of reactive oxygen species in addition to increased ET-1 secretion release that causes lung damage. IB, as a potent proinflammatory agent, TNF-α blocker, can decrease ET-1 release and oxidative stress, it may show significant protective effects in lung tissue against damage caused by MTX overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Kurt
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía.
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía
| | - Hasan Turut
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía
| | - Medine Cumhur Cure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía
| | - Erkan Cure
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía
| | - Yildiray Kalkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía
| | - Ibrahim Sehitoglu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, RecepTayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía
| | - Ahmet Acipayam
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía
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Kurt A, Tumkaya L, Turut H, Cure MC, Cure E, Kalkan Y, Sehitoglu I, Acipayam A. Protective Effects of Infliximab on Lung Injury Induced by Methotrexate. Arch Bronconeumol 2015; 51:551-7. [PMID: 26071367 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methotrexate (MTX) is used to treat cancers, several forms of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions, although MTX may cause pulmonary toxicity related to the production of free oxygen radicals, various cytokines. Infliximab (IB) with its potent effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibition also inhibits the release of endothelin-1 (ET-1). We aimed to investigate whether IB reduces pulmonary damage induced by an overdose of MTX. METHOD The rats were divided into 3 groups of 8 animals. The control group was given only saline. One dose of 20mg/kg MTX intraperitoneal was administered in the MTX group. IB 7 mg/kg was given to the MTX+IB (MI) group. Three days after IB was administered, 20mg/kg MTX was given. Five days after MTX was administered, all rats were sacrificed. RESULTS The TNF-α, ET-1, malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and caspase-3 levels in MTX group were significantly higher than in control groups of TNF-α (P=.001), ET-1 (P=.001), MDA (P=.001), MPO (P=.001) and caspase-3 levels (P=.001) and MI groups of TNF-α (P=.009), ET-1 (P=.001), MDA (P=.047), MPO (P=.007) and caspase-3 levels (P=.003). The MI group had less histopathological damage in lung tissue than the MTX group. CONCLUSION Overdose of MTX leads to cytokine release and the formation of reactive oxygen species in addition to increased ET-1 secretion release that causes lung damage. IB, as a potent proinflammatory agent, TNF-α blocker, can decrease ET-1 release and oxidative stress, it may show significant protective effects in lung tissue against damage caused by MTX overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Kurt
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía.
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía
| | - Hasan Turut
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía
| | - Medine Cumhur Cure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía
| | - Erkan Cure
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía
| | - Yildiray Kalkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía
| | - Ibrahim Sehitoglu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, RecepTayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía
| | - Ahmet Acipayam
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turquía
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Gu J, Ren L, Wang X, Qu C, Zhang Y. Expression of livin, survivin and caspase-3 in prostatic cancer and their clinical significance. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:14034-14039. [PMID: 26823716 PMCID: PMC4713502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To explore the expressions level of Livin, Survivin and Caspase-3 in prostatic cancer and the relationship among the 3 proteins and the clinicopathological features as well as the correlation among them. Totally, 43 paraffin-embedded prostate cancer tissues obtained from patients who were performed with rectal prostate biopsy or excision and 17 paraffin-embedded prostatic hyperplasia tissues were collected. All the specimens were confirmed by pathology. Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to detect the expressions of Livin, Survivin and Caspase-3 in prostatic cancer compared to hyperplasia tissues. The positive expression rates of both Livin and Survivin in prostatic cancer tissue were higher than those in prostatic hyperplasia tissue (93.02% vs. 64.70%, P < 0.05; 83.72% vs. 35.29%, P < 0.01). However, the positive expression rate of Caspase-3 in prostatic cancer tissue was obviously lower than that in prostatic hyperplasia tissue (25.58% vs. 58.82%, P < 0.01). Both Livin and Survivin expressions in prostatic cancer tissue were related to pathological grading (Gleason scores) (X(2) = 14.000, P = 0.001), but not related to preoperative PSA, clinical stages and distant metastasis (P > 0.05). Capsase-3 expression in prostatic cancer tissue was related to pathological grading (Gleason scores) (X (2) = 14.000, P = 0.001) and clinical stages (X (2) = 4.896, P = 0.027), but not related to preoperative PSA and distant metastasis (P > 0.05). In prostatic cancer tissue, Livin expression had no correlation with Survivin expression (r = 0.127, P = 0.419 > 0.05), but negatively correlated with Caspase-3 expression (r = -0.497, P = 0.001). Survivin expression was negatively correlated with Caspase-3 expression (r = -0.354, P = 0.020). Livin, Survivin and Caspase-3 are closely related to the occurrence and development of prostatic cancer and which are expected to become new targets for diagnosis and treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Gu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Lixin Ren
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Changbao Qu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
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Kun L, Xiaoling C, Lyuya W, Huang L. [An ischemic postconditioning model of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells]. Zhonghua Zheng Xing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2015; 31:369-374. [PMID: 26930813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a model of hypoxic postconditioning of dermal microvascular endothelial cells. METHODS During reoxygenation after hypoxia, cells received three times of hypoxic/ reoxygenation alternate treatment for a certain time. The cells were seeded on 6-well plates, with one plate for one group. They were divided into 6 groups as group 1 ( Control), group 2 (8h hypoxia + 24h reoxygenation), group 3 (8h hypoxia + 2 min x 3 times post-hypoxia treatment) , group 4 (8h hypoxia + 5 min x 3 times post-hypoxia treatment), group 5 (8h hypoxia + 10 min x 3 times post-hypoxia treatment), 6 group (8h hypoxia + 20 min x 3 times post-hypoxia treatment). Each group underwent 8 h hypoxia + 24 h hypoxia Buffer and reoxygenation. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was detected during the process. Apoptosis rate was calculated by staining Tunel method. Bcl-2, Bax and activated caspase-3 protein were detected by Western Blot. RESULTS In the continuous hypoxia process, the LDH was (1563 ± 83.35) IU/L at 8h and (582.85 ± 58.25 ) IU/L at 0h, showing a statistical difference (P = 0.0001). Western blotting results showed that the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 in group 2 was 0.38 ± 0.02, showing a significant difference when compared with that in group 3 (0.23 ± 0.01) and group 4 (0.22 ± 0.02) (P = 0.012, P = 0.005), while not when compared with that in group 5 (0.33 ± 0.02) and 6 groups (0.34 ± 0.01) P > 0.05). The ratio of Activated caspase-3/caspase-3 in group 2 (6.30 ± 1.50) was significantly higher than that in group 3 (2.17 ± 0.26) and group 4 (2.63 ± 0.31) (P = 0.008, P = 0.019); while not in group 5 (4.36 ± 0.29) and group 6 (4.97 ± 0.51) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The model of hypoxic postconditioning of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells is successfully established.
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Jing J, Zhao JY, Hua B, Xue MQ, Zhu YF, Liu G, Wang YH, Peng XD. [Inhibitory effect of flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza uralensis on expressions of TGF-β1 and Caspase-3 in thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2015; 40:3034-3040. [PMID: 26677707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the inhibitory effect of flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza uralensis on thioacetamide-induced chonic hepatic fibrosis in rats and the effect on the protein expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Caspase-3 in livers. METHOD Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into totally seven groups: the normal control group, the model group, LF groups s (400, 200, 100, 50 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1)) and the silymarin positive control group (30 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1)). The hepatic fibrosis model was induced in the rats through intraperitoneal injection with 3% thioacetamide (TAA) at a dose of 150 mg · kg(-1) body weight twice a week for 12 weeks. During the course, the control group and the model group were orally administered with saline (1 mL · kg(-1) · d(-1)). After the modeling and drug intervention, the pathologic changes and fibrosis in liver tissues were observed by HE staining and Masson's Trichrome staining. The serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and liver hydroxyproline (HYP) contents were assayed by biochemical process. The serum hyaluronic acid (HA) was assessed by radioimmunoassay. In addition, the protein expressions of liver TGF-β1 and Caspase-3 were examined by immunohistochemical method. The mRNA expression of TGF-β1 in hepatic tissues was examined by quantitative Real-time PCR analysis. RESULT Compared with the model group, flavonoids can protect the integrity of the structure of liver tissues, significantly reduce the hepatic cell degeneration and necrosis and the proliferation of fibrous tissues, notably reduce the serum AST, ALT, ALP and HA and HYP in hepatic tissues and down-regulate the protein expressions of liver TGF-β1 and Caspase-3 and the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 in hepatic tissues. CONCLUSION The licorice flavonoids can resist the thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the protein expressions of TGF-β1 and Caspase-3.
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Ouyang Z, Cao W, Zhu S, Liu X, Zhong Z, Lai X, Xiao C, Jiang S, Wang Y. Protective effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on the cytotoxicity of cyclosporin A in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2814-20. [PMID: 25976221 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the protective effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) on the cytotoxicity of cyclosporin A (CsA) in vitro using NRK-52E cells. Staining with Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide prior to flow cytometric analysis was performed to assess the rate of cellular apoptosis and necrosis induced by CsA. The expression levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), caspase 3, receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected using colorimetry, ELISA, western blotting or flow cytometric analysis to determine the protective effects of 2-DG on CsA-induced cell death. The results demonstrated that 2-DG inhibited the release of LDH, the activation of caspase 3 and the generation of ROS induced by CsA, but had no effect on the expression of RIP3. Treatment with 2-DG increased the expression of GSH and decreased the expression of MDA in dose-dependent manner, and reduced the rate of the cellular apoptosis and necrosis induced by CsA. Therefore, 2-DG inhibited CsA-induced cellular apoptosis and necrosis, possibly by reducing the production of ROS. Inhibiting the activation of caspase 3 is one of the protective mechanisms of 2-DG, however, the expression of RIP3 remained unaltered following treatment with 2-DG. Whether 2-DG inhibits the CsA-induced necrosis and apoptosis by inhibiting the RIP3 signaling pathway remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhang Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Qingyuan, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511515, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Qingyuan, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511515, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Qingyuan, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511515, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Qingyuan, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511515, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmao Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Qingyuan, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511515, P.R. China
| | - Chengyin Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Qingyuan, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511515, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Qingyuan, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511515, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Yichang, First College of Clinical Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443003, P.R. China
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Dikhoff MJ, ter Weeme M, Vonk ABA, Kupreishvili K, Blom AM, Krijnen PAJ, Stooker W, Niessen HWM. C4b-Binding Protein Deposition is Induced in Diseased Aortic Heart Valves, Coinciding with C3d. J Heart Valve Dis 2015; 24:451-456. [PMID: 26897815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY It has been found recently that activated complement is more widespread in diseased aortic valves compared to the endogenous complement inhibitors C1-inhibitor and clusterin. Previously, another endogenous inhibitor of complement, C4b-binding protein (C4BP) has been described in atherosclerotic diseased coronary arteries. The study aim was to analyze C4BP levels in diseased aortic valves. METHODS Aortic valve tissue was derived from surgical procedures and classified as 'degenerative', 'atherosclerotic' or 'atherosclerotic with bacterial infection'. Valves were stained with specific antibodies against C4BP, C3d and caspase-3. Areas of positivity were then quantified using computer- assisted morphometry. RESULTS In atherosclerotic valves, the areas of C4BP and C3d positivity (38.8 +/- 0.4% versus 32.7 +/- 1.0%, respectively) were significantly higher compared to the degenerative and control groups. In atherosclerotic valves with bacterial infection, the area of positivity for C4BP was even further increased compared to atherosclerotic valves (65.1 +/- 1.2%; 70.1 +/- 1.9% for C3d). The areas of C4BP and C3d positivity were not significantly different in all groups. Caspase-3 was only present in <10% of endothelial cells in the atherosclerotic valves without bacterial infection and in neutrophilic granulocytes in atherosclerotic valves, with and without bacterial infection. CONCLUSION It has been shown for the first time that C4BP is deposited in the diseased aortic valve, coinciding with C3d. The area of C4BP positivity was more extensive compared to the areas of other endogenous complement inhibitors (C1-inhibitor and clusterin).
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Barresi V, Branca G, Ieni A, Rigoli L, Tuccari G, Caruso RA. Phagocytosis (cannibalism) of apoptotic neutrophils by tumor cells in gastric micropapillary carcinomas. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:5548-5554. [PMID: 25987778 PMCID: PMC4427677 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i18.5548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify those with a micropapillary pattern, ascertain relative frequency and document clinicopathological characteristics by reviewing gastric carcinomas.
METHODS: One hundred and fifty-one patients diagnosed with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy were retrospectively studied and the presence of a regional invasive micropapillary component was evaluated by light microscopy. All available hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-stained slides were histologically reviewed and 5 tumors were selected as putative micropapillary carcinoma when cancer cell clusters without a vascular core within empty lymphatic-like space comprised at least 5% of the tumor. Tumor tissues from these 5 invasive gastric carcinomas were immunostained using an anti-mucin 1 (MUC1) antibody (clone MA695) to detect the characteristic inside-out pattern and with D2-40 antibody to determine the presence of intratumoral lymph vessels. Detection of intraepithelial neutrophil apoptosis was evaluated in consecutive histological tissue sections by three independent methods, namely light microscopy with HE staining, the conventional terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method and immunohistochemistry for activated caspase-3 (clone C92-605).
RESULTS: Among 151 gastric cancers resected for cure, 5 (3.3%) were adenocarcinomas with a micropapillary component. Four of the patients died of disease from 6 to 23 mo and one patient was alive with metastases at 9 mo. All patients had advanced-stage cancer (≥ pT2) and lymph node metastasis. Positive MUC1 immunostaining on the stroma-facing surface (inside-out pattern) of the carcinomatous cluster cells, together with negative immunostaining for D2-40 in the cells limiting lymphatic-like spaces, confirmed the true micropapillary pattern in these gastric neoplasms. In all five cases, several micropapillae were infiltrated by neutrophils. HE staining, TUNEL assay and immunostaining for caspase-3 demonstrated apoptotic neutrophils within cytoplasmic vacuoles of tumor cells. These data suggest phagocytosis (cannibalism) of apoptotic neutrophils by micropapillary tumor cells. Tumor cell cannibalism is usually found in aggressive tumors with anaplastic morphology. Our data extend these observations to gastric micropapillary carcinoma: a tumor histotype analogously characterized by aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. The results are of interest because they raise the intriguing possibility that neutrophil cannibalism by tumor cells may be one of the mechanisms favoring tumor growth in gastric micropapillary carcinomas.
CONCLUSION: This is the first study showing phagocytosis (cannibalism) of apoptotic neutrophils by tumor cells in gastric micropapillary carcinomas.
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Jiang Y, Thakran S, Bheemreddy R, Coppess W, Walker RJ, Steinle JJ. Sodium salicylate reduced insulin resistance in the retina of a type 2 diabetic rat model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125505. [PMID: 25874611 PMCID: PMC4397086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium salicylate has been reported to reduce markers of diabetic retinopathy in a type 1 rat model. Because rates of type 2 diabetes are on the rise, we wanted to determine whether salicylate could improve insulin resistance in a type 2 rat model, as well as improve retinal function. We treated lean and obese BBZDR/Wor type 2 diabetic rats with salicylate in their chow for 2 months. Prior to salicylate treatment, rats underwent an electroretinogram to measure retinal function. After 2 months of treatment, rats underwent an additional electroretinogram prior to sacrifice. In addition to the animal model, we also treated retinal endothelial cells (REC) and rat Müller cells with salicylate and performed the same analyses as done for the rat retinal lysates. To investigate the role of salicylate in insulin signaling, we measured TNFα and caspase 3 levels by ELISA, as well as performed Western blotting for insulin receptor substrate 1, insulin receptor, SOCS3, and pro- and anti-apoptotic markers. Data demonstrated that salicylate significantly improved retinal function, as well as reduced TNFα and SOCS3-induced insulin resistance in all samples. Overall, results suggest that salicylate is effective in reducing insulin resistance in the retina of type 2 diabetic rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youde Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shalini Thakran
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rajini Bheemreddy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - William Coppess
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Walker
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Philder Smith College, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jena J. Steinle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ahmad J, Alhadlaq HA, Siddiqui MA, Saquib Q, Al-Khedhairy AA, Musarrat J, Ahamed M. Concentration-dependent induction of reactive oxygen species, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human liver cells after nickel nanoparticles exposure. Environ Toxicol 2015; 30:137-148. [PMID: 23776134 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to advent of nanotechnology, nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) are increasingly recognized for their utility in various applications including catalysts, sensors and electronics. However, the environmental and human health effects of Ni NPs have not been fully investigated. In this study, we examined toxic effects of Ni NPs in human liver (HepG2) cells. Ni NPs were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. We observed that Ni NPs (size, ∼28 nm; concentration range, 25-100 μg/mL) induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and degree of induction was concentration-dependent. Ni NPs were also found to induce oxidative stress in dose-dependent manner evident by induction of reactive oxygen species and depletion of glutathione. Cell cycle analysis of cells treated with Ni NPs exhibited significant increase of apoptotic cell population in subG1 phase. Ni NPs also induced caspase-3 enzyme activity and apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Upregulation of cell cycle checkpoint gene p53 and bax/bcl-2 ratio with a concomitant loss in mitochondrial membrane potential suggested that Ni NPs induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells was mediated through mitochondrial pathway. This study warrants that applications of Ni NPs should be carefully assessed as to their toxicity to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Sasso GRDS, Florencio-Silva R, Santos MA, Teixeira CDP, Simões MDJ, Katchburian E, Reginato RD. Effects of early and late treatments of low-intensity, high-frequency mechanical vibration on bone parameters in rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:980-6. [PMID: 26291818 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1075198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity, high-frequency mechanical vibration (LHMV) has shown to increase bone formation. However, studies comparing the effectiveness of early- and late-treatments of LHMV to counteract bone loss have not been documented. This study was designed to compare the effects of early- and late-treatments of LHMV (at 30 Hz/0.6 g, 20 min per day/five days per week, for 12 weeks) on bone parameters in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. Thirty days after ovariectomy, 40 adult rats were randomly divided into four groups: GI (early control group); GII treated with LHMV 3 weeks after Ovx (early treatment); GIII (late control group) and GIV treated with LHMV twelve weeks after Ovx (late treatment). Bone mineral density (BMD) was analyzed before Ovx and after treatments. Then, animals were killed, and the femurs were collected and their length and diaphysis diameter were measured; the distal femurs were taken and processed for histomorphometry and polarized light microscopy for collagen fibers analysis or subjected to immunohistochemistry of cleaved caspase-3 in osteocytes. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test (p < 0.05). BMD was similar among the groups before Ovx, but after treatments, it was significantly higher in GII and GIV compared with their control groups (p < 0.05). Femur length and cortical bone thickness were similar among the groups, but the diaphysis diameter of GII was higher compared with GI. Trabecular bone area was higher in the vibrated groups, but it was greater in GII (p < 0.05). Also, the vibrated groups showed the higher content collagen fibers and lower presence apoptotic osteocytes (positive caspase-3 immunoreactivity) when compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). These results suggest that both early- and late-treatments with LHMV counteract bone loss, being the early treatment more effective than the late treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rinaldo Florencio-Silva
- a Department of Morphology and Genetics , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Miriam Aparecida Santos
- a Department of Morphology and Genetics , Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Li Y, Zhao Q, Fan LQ, Wang LL, Tan BB, Leng YL, Liu Y, Wang D. Zinc finger protein 139 expression in gastric cancer and its clinical significance. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:18346-18353. [PMID: 25561801 PMCID: PMC4277971 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i48.18346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of zinc finger protein 139 (ZNF139) in gastric cancer (GC), and to analyze its clinical significance.
METHODS: A total of 108 patients who were diagnosed with GC and underwent surgery between January 2005 and March 2007 were enrolled in this study. Gastric tumor specimens and paired tumor-adjacent tissues were collected and paraffin-embedded, and the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis were recorded. The expression of ZNF139, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 were determined by immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling. SPSS 13.0 software was used for data processing and analyses, and significance was determined at P < 0.05.
RESULTS: The expression of ZNF139 was stronger in tumors than in tumor-adjacent tissues (66.67% vs 44.44%; P < 0.01). Overexpression of ZNF139 correlated with tumor differentiation, invasion depth, clinical stage, lymphatic metastasis, and blood vessel invasion (all Ps < 0.05). Patients with overexpression of ZNF139 had a poorer prognosis (P < 0.01), and overexpression of ZNF139 was an independent factor for the prognosis of GC patients by a Cox survival analysis (P = 0.02). A negative relationship between ZNF139 and the apoptosis index was observed (r = -0.686; P < 0.01). The expression of Bcl-2 in GC was stronger than in tumor-adjacent tissues (66.67% vs 41.67%), whereas the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 were lower in primary tumors (54.63% and 47.22%, respectively) than in tumor-adjacent tissues (73.15% and 73.15%, respectively) (all Ps < 0.05). The expression of ZNF139 negatively correlated with caspase-3 (r = -0.370; P < 0.01). The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were also negatively correlated (r = -0.231; P = 0.02). The expressions of caspase-3 and Bax protein were positively correlated (r = 0.217; P = 0.024).
CONCLUSION: ZNF139 is related to clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of GC. Furthermore, it is overexpressed and involved in apoptosis in GC tissues by regulating caspase-3.
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Song LL, Huang ZH, Pei YL, Chen C. [Effect of perinatal recurrent infection on the brain development in immature mice]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2014; 16:1260-1264. [PMID: 25523577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of perinatal recurrent infection on the brain development in immature mice. METHODS Six pregnant C57BL6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups: intrauterine infection, perinatal recurrent infection and control. The intrauterine infection group was intraperitoneally injected with LPS (0.5 mg/kg) on the 18th day of pregnancy. The perinatal recurrent infection group was injected with LPS (0.5 mg/kg) on the 18th day of pregnancy and their offsprings were intraperitoneally injected with the same dose of LPS daily from postnatal day 3 to 12. The control group was administered with normal saline at the same time points as the recurrent infection group. The short-time neurobehaviors were assessed on postnatal day 13. The mice were then sacrificed to measure brain weights and neuropathological changes using cresyl violet staining. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of TNF-α, Caspase-3 and myelin basic protein (MBP). RESULTS The brain weights of the recurrent infection group were significantly lower than the control and intrauterine infection groups (P<0.05) and the recurrent infection group displayed significant neuropathological changes. Perinatal recurrent infection resulted in increased expression levels of TNF-α and Caspase-3, and decreased expression level of MBP compared with the intrauterine infection and control groups (P<0.01). The neurobehavior test showed that the recurrent infection group used longer time in gait reflex, right reflex and geotaxis reflex compared with the control and intrauterine infection groups on postnatal day 13 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Perinatal recurrent infection may exacerbate inflammatory response and cell death in the immature brain, which may be one of the important factors for perinatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Song
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China.
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Mendoza J, Zamora R, Gallardo JC, Ceballos G, Aldana A, Espinosa M, Maldonado V, Melendez-Zajgla J. NF-κB does not influence the induction of apoptosis by Ukrain. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 5:788-93. [PMID: 16721042 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.5.7.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ukrain is a reaction product of different alkaloids from Chelidonium majus L. (celandine) conjugated with thiophosphoric acid. It has immunoregulatory effects on T lymphocyte subsets and cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on various malignant cells. Although Ukrain has been reported to induce alterations in the cell cycle and tubulin polymerization, the specific cellular target has not been described. Since antineoplasic agents induce NF-kappaB and their effects are regulated by this transcription factor, we investigated its possible participation in the apoptotic effects of Ukrain. Ukrain induced apoptosis in a panel of cancer cell lines by activating the intrinsic cell death pathway, as demonstrated by the cleavage of caspase 9 and the upregulation and cleavage of caspase 3. The effect was reversible, since long exposures (24 hours or more) were needed, as verified by clonogenic assays. Gene reporter assays showed that Ukrain activated NF-kappa B. Nevertheless, this activation was not required for, and did not modulate, the Ukrain effect: neither blockage of activation by a dominant negative version of Ikappa-B alpha or a Bcl-3 siRNA, nor activation of the pathway by overexpression of IKK2, changed the response to the drug. In conclusion, Ukrain induced apoptosis in HeLa cervical cancer cells by activating the intrinsic pathway. In contrast to other antineoplasic drugs, the effects of Ukrain were not regulated by NF-kappa B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mendoza
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Subdireccion de Investigacion Basica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
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Reichert K, do Carmo HRP, Lima F, Torina AG, Vilarinho KADS, de Oliveira PPM, Silveira Filho LM, Severino ESBDO, Petrucci O. Development of cardioplegic solution without potassium: experimental study in rat. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 28:524-30. [PMID: 24598959 PMCID: PMC4389432 DOI: 10.5935/1678-9741.20130085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myocardial preservation during open heart surgeries and harvesting for transplant
are of great importance. The heart at the end of procedure has to resume its
functions as soon as possible. All cardioplegic solutions are based on potassium
for induction of cardioplegic arrest. Objective To assess a cardioplegic solution with no potassium addition to the formula with
two other commercially available cardioplegic solutions. The comparative
assessment was based on cytotoxicity, adenosine triphosphate myocardial
preservation, and caspase 3 activity. The tested solution (LIRM) uses low doses of
sodium channel blocker (lidocaine), potassium channel opener (cromakalin), and
actin/myosin cross bridge inhibitor (2,3-butanedione monoxime). Methods Wistar rats underwent thoracotomy under mechanical ventilation and three
different solutions were used for "in situ" perfusion for cardioplegic arrest
induction: Custodiol (HTK), Braile (G/A), and LIRM solutions. After cardiac
arrest, the hearts were excised and kept in cold storage for 4 hours. After this
period, the hearts were assessed with optical light microscopy, myocardial ATP
content and caspase 3 activity. All three solutions were evaluated for direct
cytotoxicity with L929 and WEHI-164 cells. Results The ATP content was higher in the Custodiol group compared to two other solutions
(P<0.05). The caspase activity was lower in the HTK group
compared to LIRM and G/A solutions (P<0.01). The LIRM solution
showed lower caspase activity compared to Braile solution
(P<0.01). All solutions showed no cytotoxicity effect after 24
hours of cells exposure to cardioplegic solutions. Conclusion Cardioplegia solutions without potassium are promised and aminoacid addition
might be an interesting strategy. More evaluation is necessary for an optimal
cardioplegic solution development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Orlando Petrucci
- Correspondence address: Orlando Petrucci, Rua João Baptista Geraldi,
135 - Campinas, SP, Brazil - Zip code: 13085-020. E-mail:
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Hu Q, Peng J, Liu W, He X, Cui L, Chen X, Yang M, Liu H, Liu S, Wang H. Elevated cleaved caspase-3 is associated with shortened overall survival in several cancer types. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:5057-5070. [PMID: 25197379 PMCID: PMC4152069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has indicated that apoptotic cells have a compensatory effect on the proliferation of neighboring cells. Recent studies have shown that apoptotic tumor cells stimulate the repopulation of tumors from a small number of surviving cells by cleaved caspase-3 regulation and elevated tumor cleaved (and thus activated) caspase-3 expression levels predict worse treatment outcomes in cancer patients. The prognostic significance of cleaved caspase-3 should be demonstrated in more human cancer types and larger subjects. Here, we examined the cleaved caspase-3 expression in 367 human tumor samples (gastric cancer: 97 cases, ovarian cancer: 65 cases, cervical cancer: 104 cases; colorectal cancer: 101 cases) with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the relationship between the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and various clinicopathological factors were also detected. We found that, cleaved caspase-3 was significantly associated with pathological risk factors (P < 0.005) for the studied cancers, such as tumor stage, lymph-node metastasis, differentiation and so on. In univariate and multivariate analysis, patients with high expression of cleaved caspase-3 had a significant shorter overall survival time compared with those with low cleaved caspase-3 expression in gastric cancer (P < 0.001), ovarian cancer (P < 0.001), cervical cancer (P = 0.002), colorectal cancer (P < 0.001) individually and in the patients combined (P < 0.001). Cox regression results suggested cleaved caspase-3 as an independent prognosis predictor for the studied four cancer types. Our study showed cleaved caspase-3 was well correlated to progression, aggressive behaviors in the studied cancer, and implicated it as a potential predictive factor for the prognosis of the four cancer types. It also indicated cleaved caspase-3 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Laboratory of Genetics, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of EducationChengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Laboratory of Genetics, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of EducationChengdu 610041, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University#37 Guoxue Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic, Henan Provincial People’s HospitalZhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Ling Cui
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Second People’s Hospital of Sichuan (Sichuan Cancer Hospital)Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinlian Chen
- Laboratory of Genetics, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of EducationChengdu 610041, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of EducationChengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongqian Liu
- Laboratory of Genetics, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of EducationChengdu 610041, China
| | - Shanling Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of EducationChengdu 610041, China
| | - He Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of EducationChengdu 610041, China
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