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Ye J, Meng Q, Jin K, Luo Y, Yue T. Phage cocktail alleviated type 2 diabetes by reshaping gut microbiota and decreasing proinflammatory cytokines. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:9. [PMID: 38159123 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a global health concern, is closely associated with the gut microbiota. Restoration of a balanced microbiota and intestinal homeostasis benefit therapy of T2D. Some special phages may selectively alter the gut microbiota without causing dysbiosis, such as MS2 and P22. However, scarcely systematic analysis of cascading effects triggered by MS2 and P22 phages on the microbiota, as well as interactions between specific gut bacteria and systemic metabolism, seriously inhibit the development of positive interventions of phages. Based on multi-omic analysis, we analyzed the intrinsic correlations among specific microbiota, their bioactive metabolites, and key indicators of T2D. We found that gavage of the MS2-P22 phage cocktail could significantly alter the gut microbiome to attenuate dysbiosis of diabetic C57BL/6 mice caused by high-fat diets (HFDs) and streptozotocin (STZ), by affecting microbial compositions as well as their metabolic pathways and metabolites, especially increasing amounts of short-chain fatty acid-producing (SCFA-producing) bacteria (e.g., Blautia and Romboutsia) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Correspondingly, a noteworthy reduction in the number of several opportunistic pathogens occurred, e.g., Candidatus Saccharimonas, Aerococcus, Oscillibacter, Desulfovibrio, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1. Synchronously, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were reduced to recover gut barrier function in T2D mice. These findings might benefit the development of a new dietary intervention for T2D based on phage cocktails. KEY POINTS: • Intestinal barrier integrity of T2D mice is improved by a phage cocktail • Negative relationship between Muribaculaceae and Corynebacterium reshaped gut microbiota • Acetate, propionate, and butyrate decreased the level of proinflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kezhu Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yane Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- Laboratory of Nutritional and Healthy Food-Individuation Manufacturing Engineering, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center of Food Safety Risk Assessment and Control, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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Tindjau R, Chua JY, Liu SQ. Co-culturing Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis improves short-chain fatty acids and vitamin B 12 contents in soy whey. Food Microbiol 2024; 121:104525. [PMID: 38637087 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The lack of vitamin B12 in unprocessed plant-based foods can lead to health problems in strict vegetarians and vegans. The main aim of this study was to investigate the potential synergy of co-culturing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and Propionibacterium freudenreichii in improving production of vitamin B12 and short-chain fatty acids in soy whey. Different strategies including mono-, sequential and simultaneous cultures were adopted. Growth, short-chain fatty acids and vitamin B12 were assessed throughout the fermentation while free amino acids, volatiles, and isoflavones were determined on the final day. P. freudenreichii monoculture grew well in soy whey, whereas B. lactis monoculture entered the death phase by day 4. Principal component analysis demonstrates that metabolic changes in both sequential cultures did not show drastic differences to those of P. freudenreichii monoculture. However, simultaneous culturing significantly improved vitamin B12, acetic acid and propionic acid contents (1.3 times, 5 times, 2.5 times, compared to the next highest treatment [sequential cultures]) in fermented soy whey relative to other culturing modes. Hence, co-culturing of P. freudenreichii and B. lactis would provide an alternative method to improve vitamin B12, acetic acid and propionic acid contents in fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricco Tindjau
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542, Singapore.
| | - Jian-Yong Chua
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542, Singapore.
| | - Shao-Quan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542, Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu, 215213, China.
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Xia C, Zhang R, Jia X, Dong L, Ma Q, Zhao D, Kun Lee Y, Sun Z, Huang F, Zhang M. In vitro human gut microbiota fermentation of litchi pulp polysaccharides as affected by Lactobacillus pre-treatment. Food Chem 2024; 445:138734. [PMID: 38401310 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, litchi polysaccharides were obtained from unfermented or fermented pulp by Lactobacillus fermentum (denoted as LP and LPF, respectively). The differences between LP and LPF in the colonic fermentation characteristics and modulatory of gut microbiota growth and metabolism were investigated with an in vitro fecal fermentation model. Results revealed that the strategies of gut bacteria metabolizing LP and LPF were different and LPF with lower molecular weight (Mw) was readily utilized by bacteria. The monosaccharide utilization sequence of each polysaccharide was Ara > Gla > GalA > GlcA ≈ Glu ≈ Man. Moreover, LPF promoted stronger proliferation of Bifidobacterium, Megamonas, Prevotella, and Bacteroides and higher SCFAs production (especially acetic and butyric acids) than LP. Correlation analysis further revealed that Mw could represent an essential structural feature of polysaccharides associated with its microbiota-regulating effect. Overall, Lactobacillus fermentation pre-treatment of litchi pulp promoted the fermentation characteristics and prebiotic activities of its polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Xia
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China; College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruifen Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Xuchao Jia
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Lihong Dong
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Qin Ma
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yuan Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Zhida Sun
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China; College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, Henan, China.
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Liu Z, Luo S, Liu C, Hu X. Tannic acid delaying metabolism of resistant starch by gut microbiota during in vitro human fecal fermentation. Food Chem 2024; 440:138261. [PMID: 38150905 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of tannic acid on the fermentation rate of resistant starch. It was found that 1.0 and 1.5 μmol/L tannic acid decreased the rate of producing gas and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from fermentation of resistant starch, and 1.5 μmol/mL tannic acid had a more profound effect, which confirmed that tannic acid delayed the metabolism of resistant starch. Moreover, tannic acid significantly inhibited the α-amylase activity during fermentation. On the other hand, tannic acid delayed the enrichment of some starch-degrading bacteria. Besides, fermentation of the resistant starch/tannic acid mixtures resulted in more SCFAs, particularly butyrate, and higher abundance of beneficial bacteria, including Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Dorea, than fermentation of resistant starch after 48 h. Thus, it was inferred that tannic acid could delay the metabolism of resistant starch, which was due to its inhibitory effect on the α-amylase activity and regulatory effect on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shunjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiuting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China.
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Zang Z, Li L, Yang M, Zhang H, Naeem A, Wu Z, Zheng Q, Song Y, Tao L, Wan Z, Zhang Y, Leng J, Liao Z, Guan Y. Study on the ameliorative effect of honeysuckle on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 325:117776. [PMID: 38307354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Honeysuckle, first documented in the Miscellaneous Records of Famous Physicians, is known for its ability to expel toxin and cool blood to stop diarrhea. Modern pharmacological research has shown that honeysuckle has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and immune-regulating effects and is widely used in clinical practice. However, the effect of honeysuckle on ulcerative colitis (UC) is still not fully understood, which presents challenges for quality control, research and development. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory properties and mechanism of action of aqueous extracts of honeysuckle in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced-ulcerative colitis mouse model was established, and the mice were divided into five groups: the control group, the model group, and the low, medium, and high dose honeysuckle treatment groups. RESULTS All dose groups of honeysuckle were found to significantly reduce IL-6 and TNF-α levels and regulate DSS-induced mRNA levels of CLDN4, COX-2, IL-6, INOS, MUC-2, occludin and NLRP3. The high-dose group displayed the most effective inhibition, and a differentially expressed mRNA detection indicated abnormal mRNA expression. The 16sRNA sequencing revealed that the honeysuckle was able to significantly upregulate the abundance of beneficial bacteria and downregulate the abundance of harmful bacteria. The study of short-chain fatty acids revealed that the levels of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, valeric and isovaleric acids were significantly increased after administering honeysuckle at medium and high doses. CONCLUSION Honeysuckle reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increases the content of short-chain fatty acids and restores the intestinal ecological balance, resulting in better therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhong Zang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Liqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Yonggui Song
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling Tao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinglv Leng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenggen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China.
| | - Yongmei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China.
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Jin B, Jia Y, Cheng K, Chu C, Wang J, Liu Y, Du J, Wang L, Pang L, Ji J, Cao X. Facilitating effects of the synergy with zero-valent iron and peroxysulfate on the sludge anaerobic fermentation system: Combined biological enzyme, microbial community and fermentation mechanism assessment. Chemosphere 2024; 355:141805. [PMID: 38552797 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated a synergetic waste activated sludge treatment strategy with environmentally friendly zero-valent iron nanoparticles (Fe0) and peroxysulfate. To verify the feasibility of the synergistic treatment, Fe0, peroxysulfate, and the mixture of peroxysulfate and Fe0 (synergy treatment) were added to different sludge fermentation systems. The study demonstrated that the synergy treatment fermentation system displayed remarkable hydrolysis performance with 435.50 mg COD/L of protein and 197.67 mg COD/L of polysaccharide, which increased 1.13-2.85 times (protein) and 1.12-1.49 times (polysaccharide) for other three fermentation system. Additionally, the synergy treatment fermentation system (754.52 mg COD/L) exhibited a well acidification performance which was 1.35-41.73 times for other systems (18.08-557.27 mg COD/L). The synergy treatment fermentation system had a facilitating effect on the activity of protease, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase, which guaranteed the transformation of organic matter. Results also indicated that Comamonas, Soehngenia, Pseudomonas, and Fusibacter were enriched in synergy treatment, which was beneficial to produce SCFAs. The activation of Fe0 on peroxysulfate promoting electron transfer, improving the active groups, and increasing the enrichment of functional microorganisms showed the advanced nature of synergy treatment. These results proved the feasibility of synergy treatment with Fe0 and peroxysulfate to enhance waste activated sludge anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodan Jin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yusheng Jia
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ken Cheng
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chenchen Chu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Long Pang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jiantao Ji
- College of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Chen L, Zhang X, Zhu J, Fan H, Qin Z, Li J, Xie H, Zhu H. Peroxydisulfate activation and versatility of defective Fe 3O 4@MOF-808 for enhanced carbon and phosphorus recovery from sludge anaerobic fermentation. Water Res 2024; 254:121401. [PMID: 38447378 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Although being viewed as a promising technology for reclamation of carbon and phosphorus from excess sludge, anaerobic fermentation (AF) grapples with issues such as a low yield of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and high phosphorus recovery costs. In this study, we synthesized Fe3O4@MOF-808 (FeM) with abundant defects and employed it to simultaneously enhance VFAs and phosphorus recovery during sludge anaerobic fermentation. Through pre-oxidization of sludge catalyzed by FeM-induced peroxydisulfate, the soluble organic matter increased by 2.54 times, thus providing ample substrate for VFAs production. Subsequent AF revealed a remarkable 732.73 % increase in VFAs and a 1592.95 % increase in phosphate. Factors contributing to the high VFAs yield include the non-biological catalysis of unsaturated Zr active sites in defective FeM, enhancing protein hydrolysis, and the inhibition of methanogenesis due to electron competition arising from the transformation between Fe(III) and Fe(II) under Zr influence. Remarkably, FeM exhibited an adsorption capacity of up to 92.64 % for dissolved phosphate through ligand exchange and electrostatic attractions. Furthermore, FeM demonstrated magnetic separation capability from the fermentation broth, coupled with excellent stability and reusability in both catalysis and adsorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiangyue Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jianming Zhu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Helin Fan
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zimu Qin
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Haijiao Xie
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd, Y2, 2nd Floor, Building 2, Xixi Legu Creative Pioneering Park, No. 712 Wen'er West Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003, PR China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Liu T, Li J, Hao X, Meng J. Efficient caproic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass by bio-augmented mixed microorganisms. Bioresour Technol 2024; 399:130565. [PMID: 38461870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Producing caproic acid via carboxylate platform is an environmentally-friendly approach for treating lignocellulosic agricultural waste. However, its implementation is still challenged by low product yields and selectivity. A microbiome named cellulolytic acid-producing microbiome (DCB), proficient in producing cellulolytic acid, was successfully acquired and shows promise for producing high-level caproic acid. In this study, a bioaugmentation method utilizing Clostridium kluyveri is proposed to enhance caproic acid yield of DCB using rice straw. With exogenous ethanol, bioaugmentation with Clostridium kluyveri significantly improved the caproic acid concentration and selectivity by 7 times and 4.5 times, achieving 12.9 g/L and 55.1 %, respectively. The addition of Clostridium kluyveri introduced reverse β-oxidation pathway, a more efficient caproic acid production pathway. Meanwhile, bioaugmentation enriched the bacteria proficient in degrading straw and producing short-chain fatty acids, providing more substrates for caproic acid production. This study provides potential bioaugmentation strategies for optimizing caproic acid yield from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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9
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Hart JB, Poon RK, Ward RE, Hintze KJ, Freeman SM. Effects of Dietary Fiber on Short Chain Fatty Acid Receptor mRNA in Microglia and Serotonergic Neurons in the Mouse Brain. Neuroscience 2024; 544:88-101. [PMID: 38431042 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are bioactive lipids that are released into the colon as a metabolite of bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers. Beyond their function in the gastrointestinal tract, SCFAs can also have effects inthe brain, as a part of the gut-brain axis. Recent investigations into potential therapeutic interventions via the manipulation of the gut microbiome-and thus their SCFA metabolites-has been emerging as a new branch of personalized medicine,especially for mental health conditions. The current study sought to measure and localize SCFA receptors in the mouse brain. Two cell types have been implicated in the gut-brain axis: microglia and serotonergic neurons. We used fluorescentin situhybridization in brain sections from mice fed diets with different compositions of fat and fiber to quantify the mRNA levels of known gene markers of these two cell types and colocalize each with mRNA for free fatty acid receptors that bind SCFAs. We focused onmicroglia in the hippocampus and the serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe. We found high colocalization of SCFA receptors in both microglia and serotonergic neurons and discovered that SCFA receptor expression in the dorsal raphe is driven by fiber solubility, while SCFA receptor expression in the hippocampus is driven by fiber amount. Higher dietary fiber was associated with decreased tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Thus, our results indicate that the amount and solubility of dietary fiber can change gene expression in the brain's microglia and serotonin neurons, potentially via sensitivity to circulating levels of SCFAs produced in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna B Hart
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Robert K Poon
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Robert E Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Korry J Hintze
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Sara M Freeman
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
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Zhao H, Zhou Y, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhao C, Huang H, Yang J, Huang C, Li Y, Wang L, Nie Y. Short-chain fatty acid-producing bacterial strains attenuate experimental ulcerative colitis by promoting M2 macrophage polarization via JAK/STAT3/FOXO3 axis inactivation. J Transl Med 2024; 22:369. [PMID: 38637862 PMCID: PMC11025230 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), dysbiosis, and immunosuppression who receive fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors are at an increased risk of developing bacteremia. This study investigates the efficacy of a mixture of seven short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacterial strains (7-mix), the resulting culture supernatant mixture (mix-sup), and FMT for treating experimental ulcerative colitis (UC) and evaluates underlying mechanisms. METHODS Utilizing culturomics, we isolated and cultured SCFA-producing bacteria from the stool of healthy donors. We used a mouse model of acute UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to assess the effects of 7-mix, mix-sup, and FMT on intestinal inflammation and barrier function, microbial abundance and diversity, and gut macrophage polarization by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and transwell assays. RESULTS The abundance of several SCFA-producing bacterial taxa decreased in patients with UC. Seven-mix and mix-sup suppressed the inflammatory response and enhanced intestinal mucosal barrier function in the mouse model of UC to an extent similar to or superior to that of FMT. Moreover, 7-mix and mix-sup increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFA concentrations in colitic mice. The effects of these interventions on the inflammatory response and gut barrier function were mediated by JAK/STAT3/FOXO3 axis inactivation in macrophages by inducing M2 macrophage polarization in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our approach provides new opportunities to rationally harness live gut probiotic strains and metabolites to reduce intestinal inflammation, restore gut microbial composition, and expedite the development of safe and effective treatments for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Youlian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingfei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Paulay A, Grimaud GM, Caballero R, Laroche B, Leclerc M, Labarthe S, Maguin E. Design of a proteolytic module for improved metabolic modeling of Bacteroides caccae. mSystems 2024; 9:e0015324. [PMID: 38517169 PMCID: PMC11019848 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00153-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in health and is significantly modulated by human diets. In addition to Western diets which are rich in proteins, high-protein diets are used for specific populations or indications, mainly weight loss. In this study, we investigated the effect of protein supplementation on Bacteroides caccae, a Gram-negative gut symbiont. The supplementation with whey proteins led to a significant increase in growth rate, final biomass, and short-chain fatty acids production. A comprehensive genomic analysis revealed that B. caccae possesses a set of 156 proteases with putative intracellular and extracellular localization and allowed to identify amino acid transporters and metabolic pathways. We developed a fully curated genome-scale metabolic model of B. caccae that incorporated its proteolytic activity and simulated its growth and production of fermentation-related metabolites in response to the different growth media. We validated the model by comparing the predicted phenotype to experimental data. The model accurately predicted B. caccae's growth and metabolite production (R2 = 0.92 for the training set and R2 = 0.89 for the validation set). We found that accounting for both ATP consumption related to proteolysis, and whey protein accessibility is necessary for accurate predictions of metabolites production. These results provide insights into B. caccae's adaptation to a high-protein diet and its ability to utilize proteins as a source of nutrition. The proposed model provides a useful tool for understanding the feeding mechanism of B. caccae in the gut microbiome.IMPORTANCEMicrobial proteolysis is understudied despite the availability of dietary proteins for the gut microbiota. Here, the proteolytic potential of the gut symbiont Bacteroides caccae was analyzed for the first time using pan-genomics. This sketches a well-equipped bacteria for protein breakdown, capable of producing 156 different proteases with a broad spectrum of cleavage targets. This functional potential was confirmed by the enhancement of growth and metabolic activities at high protein levels. Proteolysis was included in a B. caccae metabolic model which was fitted with the experiments and validated on external data. This model pinpoints the links between protein availability and short-chain fatty acids production, and the importance for B. caccae to gain access to glutamate and asparagine to promote growth. This integrated approach can be generalized to other symbionts and upscaled to complex microbiota to get insights into the ecological impact of proteins on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Paulay
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Biomathematica, Ajaccio, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Raphaël Caballero
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Béatrice Laroche
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inria, Centre Inria de Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marion Leclerc
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Pendulum Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Simon Labarthe
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Cestas, France
- Inria, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Talence, France
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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12
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Xu L, Liao J, Li X, Zhu L, Wang X, Xu B, Li L, Ze X, Sun H, Li J. Exploring the mechanism of probiotics in enhancing the utilization of chemical components (or polyphenols) of grape seed extract. Food Chem 2024; 438:137982. [PMID: 37979272 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Fecal samples from 20 healthy adults were collected for in vitro fermentation experiments to investigate the effects of combined probiotics on the utilization of grape seed extract in humans. After fermenting for 24 h, short-chain fatty acids, metabolites, and gut microbiota composition were analyzed. Short-chain fatty acids in the grape seed extract probiotics group were significantly higher than those in the grape seed extract group. Probiotics significantly enhanced the conversion and utilization of catechins and epicatechins in grape seed extract group and increased the production of 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. The 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed that compound probiotics significantly increased the relative abundance of Lacticaseibacillus, HT002, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus and reduced that of Escherichia-Shigella. Our findings showed considerable individual variability in the metabolic utilization of grape seed extract in humans. The consumption of probiotics appears to significantly enhance the utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Jiahao Liao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Benhong Xu
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Liang Li
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Xiaolei Ze
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou 510663, China.
| | - Haibiao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Asayama T, Takada A, Mikami Y, Yamaguchi H, Tamura M, Matsumoto K, Miyake K, Yonehara Y, Tsuda H. Possible roles of short-chain fatty acids produced by oral bacteria in the development of alveolar osteitis. J Oral Sci 2024; 66:102-106. [PMID: 38417878 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alveolar osteitis (dry sockets) is a painful condition characterized by a limited immune response. It is typically caused by the removal of blood clots from extracted tooth sockets, which leads to the fermentation of trapped food remnants by oral bacteria in the cavities, producing high concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This study examined the effects of SCFAs on immunity and bone metabolism. METHODS Mouse macrophage Raw264.7 cells were treated with oral bacteria supernatants or SCFA mixtures, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels were determined by western blot. The same cells were treated with SCFA mixtures in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), and osteoclast-like cells were counted. MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with SCFA mixtures and stained with alizarin red S. RESULTS Raw264.7 cells treated with oral bacterial culture supernatants of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced iNOS production, likely due to SCFA content. SCFA mixtures mimicking these supernatants inhibited the number of RANKL-induced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells and MC3T3-E1 cell mineralization. CONCLUSION These data suggest that SCFAs produced by P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum may reduce the inflammatory response and mildly induce mineralization of the alveolar walls. These results may contribute to the understanding of alveolar osteitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Asayama
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Yoshikazu Mikami
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Niigata university Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | | | - Muneaki Tamura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Kunihito Matsumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Kiwa Miyake
- Division of Oral Structural and Functional Biology, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery I, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Yoshiyuki Yonehara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Hiromasa Tsuda
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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14
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Solouki S, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Jafary H, Delfan M. Efficacy of high-intensity interval and continuous endurance trainings on cecal microbiota metabolites and inflammatory factors in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301532. [PMID: 38626052 PMCID: PMC11020751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is known to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and control the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. In this research, we intend to investigate and compare the effect of high-intensity interval and continuous endurance trainings (HIIT and CET) on cecal microbiota metabolites and inflammatory factors in diabetic rats. A number of Wistar rats were made diabetic by a high-fat diet and trained under two types of exercise protocols, HIIT and CET. After taking samples from the cecal tissue and serum of rats to reveal the effect of exercise, three microbial species from the Firmicute and Bacteroid phyla, which are the main types of intestinal microbes, and their metabolites include two short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), butyrate and propionate and also, the inflammatory factors TLR4 and IL6 were analyzed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. In general, exercise while increasing the representative of Firmicute has caused a relative reduction of Bacteroides and improved the concentration of SCFAs. In this regard, HIIT outperforms CET in up-regulating Akkermansia and Butyrivibrio expression, and butyrate and propionate metabolites concentration. Also, both exercises significantly reduced cecal expression of TLR4 and sera concentration of IL6 compared to the diabetic group, although the reduction rate was higher in the CET group than in HIIT. Our findings suggest that some symptoms of metabolic syndrome such as intestinal dysbiosis and the resulting metabolic disorders are better controlled by HIIT and inflammation by CET. Certainly, more extensive research on other contributing factors could help clarify the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Solouki
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Jafary
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Fang C, Zuo K, Liu Z, Xu L, Yang X. Disordered GPR43/NLRP3 expression in peripheral leukocytes of patients with atrial fibrillation is associated with intestinal short chain fatty acids levels. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:233. [PMID: 38622672 PMCID: PMC11017637 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with circulating inflammation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from gut microbiota (GM) regulate leukocyte function and inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines, which are partly mediated by the G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) signaling. This study aimed to investigate the expression of GPR43/NOD-like receptors family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) in leukocytes and the interaction with intestinal SCFAs levels in AF patients. METHODS Expressions of GPR43 and NLRP3 mRNA in peripheral blood leukocytes from 23 AF patients and 25 non-AF controls were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Expressions of leukocyte GPR43 and NLRP3 protein were evaluated by western blot analysis. The levels of plasma IL-1β were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The fecal SCFAs levels based on GC/MS metabolome of corresponding 21 controls and 14 AF patients were acquired from our published dataset. To evaluate the expression of NLRP3 and GPR43 and the release of IL-1β, human THP-1 cells were stimulated with or without SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and nigericin in vitro, respectively. RESULTS Compared to the controls, the mRNA expression in peripheral leukocytes was significantly reduced in AF patients (P = 0.011) coupled with the increase in downstream leukocyte NLRP3 mRNA expression (P = 0.007) and plasma IL-1β levels (P < 0.001), consistent with changes in GPR43 and NLRP3 protein expression. Furthermore, leukocyte GPR43 mRNA levels were positively correlated with fecal GM-derived acetic acid (P = 0.046) and negatively correlated with NLRP3 mRNA expression (P = 0.024). In contrast to the negative correlation between left atrial diameter (LAD) and GPR43 (P = 0.008), LAD was positively correlated with the leukocyte NLRP3 mRNA levels (P = 0.024). Subsequent mediation analysis showed that 68.88% of the total effect of intestinal acetic acid on AF might be mediated by leukocyte GPR43/NLRP3. The constructed GPR43-NLRP3 score might have a predictive potential for AF detection (AUC = 0.81, P < 0.001). Moreover, SCFAs treatment increased GPR43 expression and remarkably reduced LPS/nigericin-induced NLRP3 expression and IL-1β release in human THP-1 cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Disrupted interactions between GPR43 and NLRP3 expression in peripheral blood leukocytes, associated with reduced intestinal GM-derived SCFAs, especially acetic acid, may be involved in AF development and left atrial enlargement by enhancing circulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Kun Zuo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Heart Center, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Heart Center, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Li Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Heart Center, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Xinchun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Heart Center, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Liu P, Liu Z, Wang J, Wang J, Gao M, Zhang Y, Yang C, Zhang A, Li G, Li X, Liu S, Liu L, Sun N, Zhang K. Immunoregulatory role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory depression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3003. [PMID: 38589368 PMCID: PMC11001948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory depression is a treatment-resistant subtype of depression. A causal role of the gut microbiota as a source of low-grade inflammation remains unclear. Here, as part of an observational trial, we first analyze the gut microbiota composition in the stool, inflammatory factors and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in plasma, and inflammatory and permeability markers in the intestinal mucosa of patients with inflammatory depression (ChiCTR1900025175). Gut microbiota of patients with inflammatory depression exhibits higher Bacteroides and lower Clostridium, with an increase in SCFA-producing species with abnormal butanoate metabolism. We then perform fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotic supplementation in animal experiments to determine the causal role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory depression. After FMT, the gut microbiota of the inflammatory depression group shows increased peripheral and central inflammatory factors and intestinal mucosal permeability in recipient mice with depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. Clostridium butyricum administration normalizes the gut microbiota, decreases inflammatory factors, and displays antidepressant-like effects in a mouse model of inflammatory depression. These findings suggest that inflammatory processes derived from the gut microbiota can be involved in neuroinflammation of inflammatory depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Zhifen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Jizhi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Mingxue Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Gaizhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Experimental Center of Science and Research, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China.
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China.
| | - Kerang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China.
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China.
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Morales-Palomo S, Navarrete C, Martínez JL, González-Fernández C, Tomás-Pejó E. Transcriptomic profiling of an evolved Yarrowia lipolytica strain: tackling hexanoic acid fermentation to increase lipid production from short-chain fatty acids. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:101. [PMID: 38566056 PMCID: PMC10988856 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are cost-effective carbon sources for an affordable production of lipids. Hexanoic acid, the acid with the longest carbon chain in the SCFAs pool, is produced in anaerobic fermentation of organic residues and its use is very challenging, even inhibiting oleaginous yeasts growth. RESULTS In this investigation, an adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was performed to improve Yarrowia lipolytica ACA DC 50109 tolerance to high hexanoic acid concentrations. Following ALE, the transcriptomic analysis revealed several genetic adaptations that improved the assimilation of this carbon source in the evolved strain compared to the wild type (WT). Indeed, the evolved strain presented a high expression of the up-regulated gene YALI0 E16016g, which codes for FAT1 and is related to lipid droplets formation and responsible for mobilizing long-chain acids within the cell. Strikingly, acetic acid and other carbohydrate transporters were over-expressed in the WT strain. CONCLUSIONS A more tolerant yeast strain able to attain higher lipid content under the presence of high concentrations of hexanoic acid has been obtained. Results provided novel information regarding the assimilation of hexanoic acid in yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Navarrete
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 223, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - José Luis Martínez
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 223, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Cristina González-Fernández
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Móstoles (Madrid), Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Valladolid, 47011, Spain
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Valladolid, 47011, Spain
| | - Elia Tomás-Pejó
- Biotechnological Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Móstoles (Madrid), Spain.
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18
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Purwandari FA, Fogliano V, Capuano E. Tempeh fermentation improves the nutritional and functional characteristics of Jack beans ( Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC). Food Funct 2024; 15:3680-3691. [PMID: 38488045 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05379b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The effect of two processing methods of Jack beans (i.e. cooked bean (CB) and cooked tempeh (CT)) on the in vitro digestibility of protein and starch, as well as the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and tryptophan (Trp) metabolites after in vitro colonic fermentation, was investigated. CT was obtained by fungal fermentation after cooking under acidic conditions. CT had significantly higher protein, lower digestible starch, lower total fiber, higher free phenolic compounds, and higher ash content compared to CB. CT exhibited better in vitro protein digestibility than CB and less glucose release during in vitro digestion than CB. A comparable concentration of total SCFAs and GABA was produced after in vitro fermentation of CB and CT, but CB produced more indole than CT, resulting in higher amounts of total Trp metabolites. In summary, our findings show that tempeh fermentation improves the nutritional quality of Jack beans and describe the impact of fermentation on the digestibility of nutrients and the formation of metabolites during colonic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiametta Ayu Purwandari
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Jalan Flora, Bulaksumur, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Edoardo Capuano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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19
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Wang PC, Rajput D, Wang XF, Huang CM, Chen CC. Exploring the possible relationship between skin microbiome and brain cognitive functions: a pilot EEG study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7774. [PMID: 38565877 PMCID: PMC10987680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Human microbiota mainly resides on the skin and in the gut. Human gut microbiota can produce a variety of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that affect many physiological functions and most importantly modulate brain functions through the bidirectional gut-brain axis. Similarly, skin microorganisms also have identical metabolites of SCFAs reported to be involved in maintaining skin homeostasis. However, it remains unclear whether these SCFAs produced by skin bacteria can affect brain cognitive functions. In this study, we hypothesize that the brain's functional activities are associated with the skin bacterial population and examine the influence of local skin-bacterial growth on event-related potentials (ERPs) during an oddball task using EEG. Additionally, five machine learning (ML) methods were employed to discern the relationship between skin microbiota and cognitive functions. Twenty healthy subjects underwent three rounds of tests under different conditions-alcohol, glycerol, and water. Statistical tests confirmed a significant increase in bacterial population under water and glycerol conditions when compared to the alcohol condition. The metabolites of bacteria can turn phenol red from red-orange to yellow, confirming an increase in acidity. P3 amplitudes were significantly enhanced in response to only oddball stimulus at four channels (Fz, FCz, and Cz) and were observed after the removal of bacteria when compared with that under the water and glycerol manipulations. By using machine learning methods, we demonstrated that EEG features could be separated with a good accuracy (> 88%) after experimental manipulations. Our results suggest a relationship between skin microbiota and brain functions. We hope our findings motivate further study into the underlying mechanism. Ultimately, an understanding of the relationship between skin microbiota and brain functions can contribute to the treatment and intervention of diseases that link with this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Daniyal Rajput
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Central University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Fu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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20
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Chen J, Yin J, Xie H, Lu W, Wang H, Zhao J, Zhu J. Mannan-oligosaccharides promote gut microecological recovery after antibiotic disturbance. Food Funct 2024; 15:3810-3823. [PMID: 38511344 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment often causes collateral damage to the gut microbiota, including changes in its diversity and composition. Dietary fiber helps maintain intestinal health, regulate short-chain fatty acids, and promote the recovery of the intestinal microbiome. However, it is currently unknown which specific plant-based dietary fiber is optimal as a dietary supplement for restoring the intestinal microbiota after antibiotic disturbance. Previously, we proposed predictive recovery-associated bacterial species (p-RABs) and identified the most important interventions. This study aimed to identify an optimal form of dietary fiber to recover the gut microbiome after antibiotic treatment. Therefore, we examined the types of dietary fibers associated with p-RABs through a p-RAB-metabolite bilayer network constructed from prior knowledge; we searched for dietary fiber that could provide nutritional support for Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides uniformis. C57BL/6J mice were fed with 500 mg kg-1 of different types of dietary fibers daily for one week after being treated with ampicillin. The results showed that mannan-oligosaccharides could better promote the diversity of intestinal microbial growth, enhance the recovery of most genera, including Akkermansia and Bacteroides, and inhibit certain pathogenic bacteria, such as Proteus, compared to the other fiber types. Furthermore, mannan-oligosaccharides could regulate the levels of short-chain fatty acids, especially butyric acid. Functional predictions showed that starch metabolism, galactose metabolism, and the metabolism of other carbohydrates played key roles in the early recovery process. In conclusion, mannan-oligosaccharides could enhance the recovery of the intestinal microbiome after antibiotic treatment, offering valuable insights for targeted dietary strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jialin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Heqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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21
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Guo HH, Han YX, Rong XJ, Shen Z, Shen HR, Kong LF, Guo YD, Li JZ, Xu B, Gao TL, Wang LL, Tie C, Jiang JD. Alleviation of allergic asthma by rosmarinic acid via gut-lung axis. Phytomedicine 2024; 126:155470. [PMID: 38417242 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma affects 3% of the global population, leading to over 0.25 million deaths. Due to its complexity, asthma is difficult to cure or prevent, and current therapies have limitations. This has led to a growing demand for alternative asthma treatments. We found rosmarinic acid (RosA) as a potential new drug candidate from natural medicine. However, RosA has poor bioavailability and remains mainly in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, suggesting the involvement of gut microbiota in its bioactivity. PURPOSE To investigate the mechanism of RosA in alleviating allergic asthma by gut-lung axis. METHODS We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolites analysis to investigate RosA's modulation of gut microbiota. Techniques of molecular biology and metabolomics were employed to study the pharmacological mechanism of RosA. Cohousing was used to confirm the involvement of gut microbiota in RosA-induced improvement of allergic asthma. RESULTS RosA decreased cholate levels from spore-forming bacteria, leading to reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) synthesis, bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. It also increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, facilitating the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins to promote intestinal integrity. SCFAs upregulated intestinal monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), thereby improving their systemic delivery to reduce Th2/ILC2 mediated inflammatory response and suppress eosinophil influx and mucus production in lung. Additionally, RosA inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production and translocation, leading to reduced TLR4-NFκB mediated pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The anti-asthmatic mechanism of oral RosA is primarily driven by modulation of gut microbiota-derived 5-HT, SCFAs, and LPS, achieving a combined synergistic effect. RosA is a safe, effective, and reliable drug candidate that could potentially replace glucocorticoids for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Guo
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan-Xing Han
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Zhen Shen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hao-Ran Shen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ling-Fei Kong
- State key laboratory Coal resources and Safe Mining, Beijing, PR China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yun-Dan Guo
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Bo Xu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tian-Le Gao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Cai Tie
- State key laboratory Coal resources and Safe Mining, Beijing, PR China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, PR China
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22
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Tang S, Dong X, Ma Y, Zhou H, He Y, Ren D, Li X, Cai Y, Wang Q, Wu L. Highly crystalline cellulose microparticles from dealginated seaweed waste ameliorate high fat-sugar diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice by modulating gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130485. [PMID: 38423434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The effects of seaweed cellulose (SC) on high fat-sugar diet (HFSD)-induced glucolipid metabolism disorders in mice and potential mechanisms were investigated. SC was isolated from dealginated residues of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera), with a crystallinity index of 85.51 % and an average particle size of 678.2 nm. Administering SC to C57BL/6 mice at 250 or 500 mg/kg BW/day via intragastric gavage for six weeks apparently inhibited the development of HFSD-induced obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress and liver damage. Notably, SC intervention partially restored the structure and composition of the gut microbiota altered by the HFSD, substantially lowering the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, and greatly increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Oscillospira, Bacteroides and Akkermansia, which contributed to improved short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Supplementing with a higher dose of SC led to more significant increases in total SCFA (67.57 %), acetate (64.56 %), propionate (73.52 %) and butyrate (66.23 %) concentrations in the rectal contents of HFSD-fed mice. The results indicated that highly crystalline SC microparticles could modulate gut microbiota dysbiosis and ameliorate HFSD-induced obesity and related metabolic syndrome in mice. Furthermore, particle size might have crucial impact on the prebiotic effects of cellulose as insoluble dietary fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiuyu Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yueyun Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yunhai He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Dandan Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yidi Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qiukuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Long Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; National R&D Branch Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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23
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Lei W, Qi M, Tan P, Yang S, Fan L, Li H, Gao Z. Impact of polyphenol-loaded edible starch nanomaterials on antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130979. [PMID: 38508552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Starch nanoparticles (SNPs) have the capability to adsorb polyphenol components from apple pomace efficiently, forming bound polyphenols (P-SNPs). These bound polyphenols may have potential bioactivities to affect human health positively. Therefore, in-depth in vivo observation of the antioxidant activity and evaluation of its gut microbiota regulatory function are essential. The results revealed that P-SNPs indicated significant scavenging abilities against DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, the nanomaterials exhibited non-toxic properties, devoid of hepatorenal and intestinal damage, while concurrently stimulating the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) within the gastrointestinal tract. Notably, P-SNPs significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity in serum, liver, and kidney tissues, fostering the proliferation of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bacillus, norank_f__Muribaculaceae) while suppressing pathogenic bacterial growth (Helicobacter, Odoribacter). This study proposes a novel research concept for the scientific use of polyphenols in promoting gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Maodong Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Tan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjia Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Jones JM, Reinke SN, Mousavi-Derazmahalleh M, Garssen J, Jenmalm MC, Srinivasjois R, Silva D, Keelan J, Prescott SL, Palmer DJ, Christophersen CT. Maternal prebiotic supplementation during pregnancy and lactation modifies the microbiome and short chain fatty acid profile of both mother and infant. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:969-980. [PMID: 38452522 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Improving maternal gut health in pregnancy and lactation is a potential strategy to improve immune and metabolic health in offspring and curtail the rising rates of inflammatory diseases linked to alterations in gut microbiota. Here, we investigate the effects of a maternal prebiotic supplement (galacto-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides), ingested daily from <21 weeks' gestation to six months' post-partum, in a double-blinded, randomised placebo-controlled trial. METHODS Stool samples were collected at multiple timepoints from 74 mother-infant pairs as part of a larger, double-blinded, randomised controlled allergy intervention trial. The participants were randomised to one of two groups; with one group receiving 14.2 g per day of prebiotic powder (galacto-oligosaccharides GOS and fructo-oligosaccharides FOS in ratio 9:1), and the other receiving a placebo powder consisting of 8.7 g per day of maltodextrin. The faecal microbiota of both mother and infants were assessed based on the analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V4 region) sequences, and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in stool. RESULTS Significant differences in the maternal microbiota profiles between baseline and either 28-weeks' or 36-weeks' gestation were found in the prebiotic supplemented women. Infant microbial beta-diversity also significantly differed between prebiotic and placebo groups at 12-months of age. Supplementation was associated with increased abundance of commensal Bifidobacteria in the maternal microbiota, and a reduction in the abundance of Negativicutes in both maternal and infant microbiota. There were also changes in SCFA concentrations with maternal prebiotics supplementation, including significant differences in acetic acid concentration between intervention and control groups from 20 to 28-weeks' gestation. CONCLUSION Maternal prebiotic supplementation of 14.2 g per day GOS/FOS was found to favourably modify both the maternal and the developing infant gut microbiome. These results build on our understanding of the importance of maternal diet during pregnancy, and indicate that it is possible to intervene and modify the development of the infant microbiome by dietary modulation of the maternal gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn M Jones
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; The Western Australian Human Microbiome Collaboration Centre, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Stacey N Reinke
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Mahsa Mousavi-Derazmahalleh
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands; Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ravisha Srinivasjois
- Joondalup Health Campus, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Desiree Silva
- Joondalup Health Campus, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Keelan
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Susan L Prescott
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Immunology and Dermatology, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Debra J Palmer
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Claus T Christophersen
- Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; The Western Australian Human Microbiome Collaboration Centre, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6027, Australia; Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
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25
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Emilia N, Pia SV, Tiina HP, Antti N, Anniina V, Anneli R, Michael L, Natalia RS. In vitro protein digestion and carbohydrate colon fermentation of microbial biomass samples from bacterial, filamentous fungus and yeast sources. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114146. [PMID: 38519176 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the nutritional quality of different microbial biomass samples by assessing their protein digestibility and carbohydrate fermentability in the colon using in vitro methods. Four microbial samples were produced: one hydrogen-oxidizing bacterial strain (Nocardioides nitrophenolicus KGS-27), two strains of filamentous fungi (Rhizopus oligosporus and Paecilomyces variotii), and one yeast strain (Rhodotorula babjevae). The microorganisms were grown in bioreactors, harvested and dried before analysis. The commercial fungal product Quorn was used as a reference. The protein digestibility of the microbial samples was analysed using the INFOGEST in vitro model, followed by quantification of N-terminal amine groups. An in vitro faecal fermentation experiment was also performed to evaluate the degradation of carbohydrates in microbial biomass samples and formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The fungal biomass samples had higher protein hydrolysis (60-75 %) than the bacterial sample (12 %) and Quorn (45 %), while the yeast biomass had the highest protein digestibility (85 %). Heat-treatment of the biomass significantly reduced its protein digestibility. Total dietary fibre (DF) content of fungal biomass was 31 - 43 %(DW), mostly insoluble, whereas the bacterial biomass contained mainly soluble DF (total DF: 25.7 %, of which 23.5 % were soluble and 2.2 % insoluble). After 24 h of colonic in vitro fermentation, SCFA production from the biomass of Paecilomyces, Quorn and Rhodotorula was similar to that of wheat bran, while 17 % and 32 % less SCFA were produced from the biomass of Rhizopus and the bacterial strain, respectively. Further studies are needed to clarify the reasons for the observed differences in protein digestibility and DF fermentability, especially regarding the cell wall structures and role of post-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nordlund Emilia
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044, Finland.
| | | | | | - Nyyssölä Antti
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044, Finland
| | - Valtonen Anniina
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044, Finland; Nordic Umami Company Ltd., Karamalmintie 2, 02630 Espoo, Finland(1)
| | - Ritala Anneli
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044, Finland
| | - Lienemann Michael
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044, Finland
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26
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Kjeldsen MH, Weisbjerg MR, Larsen M, Højberg O, Ohlsson C, Walker N, Hellwing ALF, Lund P. Gas exchange, rumen hydrogen sinks, and nutrient digestibility and metabolism in lactating dairy cows fed 3-nitrooxypropanol and cracked rapeseed. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2047-2065. [PMID: 37863291 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Fat in the form of cracked rapeseed and 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP, market as Bovaer) were fed alone or in combination to 4 Danish Holstein multicannulated dairy cows, with the objective to investigate effects on gas exchange, dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestion, and nutrient metabolism. The study design was a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement with 2 levels of fat supplementation; 33 g of crude fat per kg of dry matter (DM) or 64 g of crude fat per kg of DM for low and high fat diets, respectively, and 2 levels of 3-NOP; 0 mg/kg DM or 80 mg/kg DM. In total, 4 diets were formulated: low fat (LF), high fat (HF), 3-NOP and low fat (3LF), and 3-NOP and high fat (3HF). Cows were fed ad libitum and milked twice daily. The adaptation period lasted 11 d, followed by 5 d with 12 diurnal sampling times of digesta and ruminal fluid. Thereafter, gas exchange was measured for 5 d in respiration chambers. Chromic oxide and titanium dioxide were used as external flow markers to determine intestinal nutrient flow. No interactions between fat supplementation and 3-NOP were observed for methane yield (g/kg DM), total-tract digestibility of nutrients or total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the rumen. Methane yield (g/kg DMI) was decreased by 24% when cows were fed 3-NOP. In addition, 3-NOP increased carbon dioxide and hydrogen yield (g/kg DM) by 6% and 3,500%, respectively. However, carbon dioxide production was decreased when expressed on a daily basis. Fat supplementation did not affect methane yield but tended to reduce methane in percent of gross energy intake. A decrease (11%) in DMI was observed, when cows were fed 3-NOP. Likely, the lower DMI mediated a lower passage rate causing the tendency to higher rumen and total-tract neutral detergent fiber digestibility, when the cows were fed 3-NOP. Total VFA concentrations in the rumen were negatively affected both by 3-NOP and fat supplementation. Furthermore, 3-NOP caused a shift in the VFA fermentation profile, with decreased acetate proportion and increased butyrate proportion, whereas propionate proportion was unaffected. Increased concentrations of the alcohols methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and 2-butanol were observed in the ruminal fluid when cows were fed 3-NOP. These changes in rumen metabolites indicate partial re-direction of hydrogen into other hydrogen sinks, when methanogenesis is inhibited by 3-NOP. In conclusion, fat supplementation did not reduce methane yield, whereas 3-NOP reduced methane yield, irrespective of fat level. However, the concentration of 3-NOP and diet composition and resulting desired mitigation effect must be considered before implementation. The observed reduction in DMI with 80 mg 3-NOP/kg DM was intriguing and may indicate that a lower dose should be applied in a Northern European context; however, the mechanism behind needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Kjeldsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Martin R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mogens Larsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Ole Højberg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Christer Ohlsson
- Department of Animal Nutrition, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Walker
- Department of Animal Nutrition, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Anne Louise F Hellwing
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
| | - Peter Lund
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 DK-Tjele, Denmark
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Duan WX, Wang F, Liu JY, Liu CF. Relationship Between Short-chain Fatty Acids and Parkinson's Disease: A Review from Pathology to Clinic. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:500-516. [PMID: 37755674 PMCID: PMC11003953 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in Lewy bodies and neurites, and massive loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota and microbial metabolites are involved in the development of PD. Among these, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the most abundant microbial metabolites, have been proven to play a key role in brain-gut communication. In this review, we analyze the role of SCFAs in the pathology of PD from multiple dimensions and summarize the alterations of SCFAs in PD patients as well as their correlation with motor and non-motor symptoms. Future research should focus on further elucidating the role of SCFAs in neuroinflammation, as well as developing novel strategies employing SCFAs and their derivatives to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiang Duan
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jun-Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dushu Lake Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215125, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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28
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Islam MZ, Räisänen SE, Schudel A, Wang K, He T, Kunz C, Li Y, Ma X, Serviento AM, Zeng Z, Wahl F, Zenobi R, Giannoukos S, Niu M. Exhalomics as a noninvasive method for assessing rumen fermentation in dairy cows: Can exhaled-breath metabolomics replace rumen sampling? J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2099-2110. [PMID: 37949405 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we used secondary electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) to investigate the diurnal patterns and signal intensities of exhaled (EX) volatile fatty acids (VFA) of dairy cows. The current study aimed to validate the potential of an exhalomics approach for evaluating rumen fermentation. The experiment was conducted in a switchback design, with 3 periods of 9 d each, including 7 d for adaptation and 2 d for sampling. Four rumen-cannulated original Swiss Brown (Braunvieh) cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 diet sequences (ABA or BAB): (A) low starch (LS; 6.31% starch on a dry matter basis) and (B) high starch (HS; 16.2% starch on a dry matter basis). Feeding was once per day at 0830 h. Exhalome (with the GreenFeed System), and rumen samples were collected 8 times to represent every 3 h of a day, and EX-VFA and ruminal (RM)-VFA were analyzed using SESI-MS and HPLC, respectively. Furthermore, the VFA concentration in the gas phase (HR-VFA) was predicted based on RM-VFA and Henry's Law (HR) constants. No interactions were identified between the types of diets (HS vs. LS) and the measurement methods on daily average VFA profiles (RM vs. EX or HR vs. EX), suggesting a consistent performance among the methods. Additionally, when the 3-h interval VFA data from HS and LS diets were analyzed separately, no interactions were observed between methods and time of day, indicating that the relative daily pattern of VFA molar proportions was similar regardless of the VFA measurement method used. The results revealed that the levels of acetate sharply increased immediately after feeding, trailed by an increase in the acetate:propionate ratio and a steady increase for propionate (2 h after feeding the HS diet, 4 h for LS), and butyrate. This change was more pronounced for the HS diet than the LS diet. However, there was no overall diet effect on the VFA molar proportions, although the measurement methods affected the molar proportions. Furthermore, we observed a strong positive correlation between the levels of RM and EX acetate for both diets (HS: r = 0.84; LS: r = 0.85), RM and EX propionate (r = 0.74), and RM and EX acetate:propionate ratio (r = 0.80). Both EX-VFA and RM-VFA exhibited similar responses to feeding and dietary treatments, suggesting that EX-VFA could serve as a useful proxy for characterizing RM-VFA molar proportions to evaluate rumen fermentation. Similar relationships were observed between RM-VFA and HR-VFA. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of exhalomics as a reliable approach for assessing rumen fermentation. Moving forward, research should further explore the depth of exhalomics in ruminant studies to provide a comprehensive insight into rumen fermentation metabolites, especially across diverse dietary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Islam
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S E Räisänen
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Schudel
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - K Wang
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T He
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Kunz
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Y Li
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - X Ma
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A M Serviento
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Z Zeng
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Wahl
- Food Microbial Systems Research Division, Agroscope, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Analytical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Giannoukos
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Analytical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - M Niu
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Wang N, Gao X, Huo Y, Li Y, Cheng F, Zhang Z. Lead exposure aggravates glucose metabolism disorders through gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal barrier damage in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:3057-3068. [PMID: 38057285 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) is an ancient toxic metal and is still a major public health issue. Our previous study found that Pb exposure promotes metabolic disorders in obese mice, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present study explored the effects of Pb exposure on glucose homeostasis in mice fed a normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) from the perspective of gut microbiota. RESULTS Pb exposure had little effect on glucose metabolism in ND mice, but exacerbated hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance in HFD mice. Pb exposure impaired intestinal tight junctions and mucin expression in HFD mice, increasing intestinal permeability and inflammation. Moreover, Pb exposure altered the composition and structure of the gut microbiota and decreased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels in HFD mice. Correlation analysis revealed that the gut microbiota and SCFAs were significantly correlated with the gut barrier and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, the fecal microbiota transplantation from Pb-exposed HFD mice resulted in glucose homeostasis imbalance, intestinal mucosal structural damage and inflammation in recipient mice. However, Pb did not exacerbate the metabolic toxicity in HFD mice under depleted gut microbiota. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest that Pb induces impairment of glucose metabolism in HFD mice by perturbing the gut microbiota. Our study offers new perspectives on the mechanisms of metabolic toxicity of heavy metals and demonstrates that the gut microbiota may be a target of action for heavy metal exposure. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fangru Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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30
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Xiao J, Guo X, Wang Z. Crosstalk between hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and short-chain fatty acids in inflammatory bowel disease: key clues toward unraveling the mystery. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385907. [PMID: 38605960 PMCID: PMC11007100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal tract constitutes a complex ecosystem, made up of countless gut microbiota, metabolites, and immune cells, with hypoxia being a fundamental environmental characteristic of this ecology. Under normal physiological conditions, a delicate balance exists among these complex "residents", with disruptions potentially leading to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The core pathology of IBD features a disrupted intestinal epithelial barrier, alongside evident immune and microecological disturbances. Central to these interconnected networks is hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which is a key regulator in gut cells for adapting to hypoxic conditions and maintaining gut homeostasis. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as pivotal gut metabolites, serve as vital mediators between the host and microbiota, and significantly influence intestinal ecosystem. Recent years have seen a surge in research on the roles and therapeutic potential of HIF-1α and SCFAs in IBD independently, yet reviews on HIF-1α-mediated SCFAs regulation of IBD under hypoxic conditions are scarce. This article summarizes evidence of the interplay and regulatory relationship between SCFAs and HIF-1α in IBD, pivotal for elucidating the disease's pathogenesis and offering promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyin Xiao
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Department of Anorectal, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiajun Guo
- Department of Geriatric, the First People’s Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan, China
| | - Zhenquan Wang
- Department of Anorectal, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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31
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Jang HJ, Lee NK, Paik HD. A Narrative Review on the Advance of Probiotics to Metabiotics. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:487-494. [PMID: 38247208 PMCID: PMC11018519 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2311.11023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the term metabiotics has emerged as a new concept of probiotics. This concept entails combining existing probiotic components with metabolic by-products improve specific physiological functionalities. Representative ingredients of these metabiotics include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bacteriocins, polysaccharides, and peptides. The new concept is highly regarded as it complements the side effects of existing probiotics and is safe and easy to administer. Known health functions of metabiotics are mainly immune regulation, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and brain-neurological health. Research has been actively conducted on the health benefits related to the composition of intestinal microorganisms. Among them, the focus has been on brain neurological health, which requires extensive research. This study showed that neurological disorders, such as depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, can be treated and prevented according to the gut-brain axis theory by changing the intestinal microflora. In addition, various studies are being conducted on the immunomodulatory and anticancer effects of substances related to metabiotics of the microbiome. In particular, its efficacy is expected to be confirmed through human studies on various cancers. Therefore, developing various health functional effects of the next-generation probiotics such as metabiotics to prevent or treatment of various diseases is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ji Jang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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32
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Kopczyńska J, Kowalczyk M. The potential of short-chain fatty acid epigenetic regulation in chronic low-grade inflammation and obesity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380476. [PMID: 38605957 PMCID: PMC11008232 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and chronic low-grade inflammation, often occurring together, significantly contribute to severe metabolic and inflammatory conditions like type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. A key player is elevated levels of gut dysbiosis-associated lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which disrupts metabolic and immune signaling leading to metabolic endotoxemia, while short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) beneficially regulate these processes during homeostasis. SCFAs not only safeguard the gut barrier but also exert metabolic and immunomodulatory effects via G protein-coupled receptor binding and epigenetic regulation. SCFAs are emerging as potential agents to counteract dysbiosis-induced epigenetic changes, specifically targeting metabolic and inflammatory genes through DNA methylation, histone acetylation, microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). To assess whether SCFAs can effectively interrupt the detrimental cascade of obesity and inflammation, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence for their clinical application. The review emphasizes factors influencing SCFA production, the intricate connections between metabolism, the immune system, and the gut microbiome, and the epigenetic mechanisms regulated by SCFAs that impact metabolism and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kopczyńska
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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33
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Jin QQ, Liao SS, Qin Y, Dou XG, Zhang C. [Research progress in the regulation of pathogenesis and the transformation of chronic liver disease by short-chain fatty acids]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2024; 32:268-272. [PMID: 38584113 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231118-00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids are metabolites of the intestinal flora and serve as the main energy source for intestinal epithelial cells. At the same time, as important signaling molecules, it regulate a variety of cellular inflammatory responses and homeostatic proliferation through receptor-dependent and independent pathways. Short-chain fatty acids regulate the gut-liver axis and thereby directly act on the liver, participating in the pathogenesis and transformation of various liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-related liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, short-chain fatty acids can inhibit HBV DNA replication. This article reviews the research progress on the role of short-chain fatty acids in aspects of the pathogenesis and transformation of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Q Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022 China
| | - S S Liao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022 China
| | - Y Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022 China
| | - X G Dou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022 China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022 China
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34
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Ji K, Zhang M, Du L, Wang J, Liu Y, Xu C, He N, Wang Q, Gu Y, Song H, Wang Y, Liu Q. Exploring the Role of Inulin in Targeting the Gut Microbiota: An Innovative Strategy for Alleviating Colonic Fibrosis Induced By Irradiation. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:5710-5724. [PMID: 38457473 PMCID: PMC10958509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The use of radiation therapy to treat pelvic and abdominal cancers can lead to the development of either acute or chronic radiation enteropathy. Radiation-induced chronic colonic fibrosis is a common gastrointestinal disorder resulting from the above radiation therapy. In this study, we establish the efficacy of inulin supplements in safeguarding against colonic fibrosis caused by irradiation therapy. Studies have demonstrated that inulin supplements enhance the proliferation of bacteria responsible to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and elevate the levels of SCFAs in feces. In a mouse model of chronic radiation enteropathy, the transplantation of gut microbiota and its metabolites from feces of inulin-treated mice were found to reduce colonic fibrosis in validation experiments. Administering inulin-derived metabolites from gut microbiota led to a notable decrease in the expression of genes linked to fibrosis and collagen production in mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line NIH/3T3. In the cell line, inulin-derived metabolites also suppressed the expression of genes linked to the extracellular matrix synthesis pathway. The results indicate a novel and practical approach to safeguarding against chronic radiation-induced colonic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy
of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory
of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy
of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory
of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy
of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory
of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy
of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory
of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Ningning He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy
of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory
of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Qin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy
of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory
of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy
of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory
of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Huijuan Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy
of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory
of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy
of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory
of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of
Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine of Chinese Academy
of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory
of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin 300192, PR China
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35
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Davoudkhani M, Rubino F, Creevey CJ, Ahvenjärvi S, Bayat AR, Tapio I, Belanche A, Muñoz-Tamayo R. Integrating microbial abundance time series with fermentation dynamics of the rumen microbiome via mathematical modelling. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298930. [PMID: 38507436 PMCID: PMC10954177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The rumen represents a dynamic microbial ecosystem where fermentation metabolites and microbial concentrations change over time in response to dietary changes. The integration of microbial genomic knowledge and dynamic modelling can enhance our system-level understanding of rumen ecosystem's function. However, such an integration between dynamic models and rumen microbiota data is lacking. The objective of this work was to integrate rumen microbiota time series determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing into a dynamic modelling framework to link microbial data to the dynamics of the volatile fatty acids (VFA) production during fermentation. For that, we used the theory of state observers to develop a model that estimates the dynamics of VFA from the data of microbial functional proxies associated with the specific production of each VFA. We determined the microbial proxies using CowPi to infer the functional potential of the rumen microbiota and extrapolate their functional modules from KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes). The approach was challenged using data from an in vitro RUSITEC experiment and from an in vivo experiment with four cows. The model performance was evaluated by the coefficient of variation of the root mean square error (CRMSE). For the in vitro case study, the mean CVRMSE were 9.8% for acetate, 14% for butyrate and 14.5% for propionate. For the in vivo case study, the mean CVRMSE were 16.4% for acetate, 15.8% for butyrate and 19.8% for propionate. The mean CVRMSE for the VFA molar fractions were 3.1% for acetate, 3.8% for butyrate and 8.9% for propionate. Ours results show the promising application of state observers integrated with microbiota time series data for predicting rumen microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Davoudkhani
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Francesco Rubino
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Creevey
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Seppo Ahvenjärvi
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Ali R. Bayat
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Ilma Tapio
- Genomics and Breeding, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Alejandro Belanche
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Tamayo
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
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Jackson R, Yao T, Bulut N, Cantu-Jungles TM, Hamaker BR. Protein combined with certain dietary fibers increases butyrate production in gut microbiota fermentation. Food Funct 2024; 15:3186-3198. [PMID: 38441170 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04187e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The modern diet delivers nearly equal amounts of carbohydrates and protein into the colon representing an important protein increase compared to past higher fiber diets. At the same time, plant-based protein foods have become increasingly popular, and these sources of protein are generally less digestible than animal protein sources. As a result, a significant amount of protein is expected to reach the colon and be available for fermentation by gut microbiota. While studies on diet-microbiota interventions have mainly focused on carbohydrate fermentation, limited attention has been given to the role of protein or protein-fiber mixtures as fermentation substrates for the colonic microbiota. In this study, we aimed to investigate: (1) how changing the ratio of protein to fiber substrates affects the types and quantities of gut microbial metabolites and bacteria; and (2) how the specific fermentation characteristics of different types of fiber might influence the utilization of protein by gut microbes to produce beneficial short chain fatty acids. Our results revealed that protein fermentation in the gut plays a crucial role in shaping the overall composition of microbiota communities and their metabolic outputs. Surprisingly, butyrate production was maintained or increased when fiber and protein were combined, and even when pure protein samples were used as substrates. These findings suggest that indigestible protein in fiber-rich substrates may promote the production of microbial butyrate perhaps including the later stages of fermentation in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Jackson
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Tianming Yao
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Nuseybe Bulut
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Thaisa M Cantu-Jungles
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Nissen L, Casciano F, Chiarello E, Di Nunzio M, Bordoni A, Gianotti A. Sourdough process and spirulina-enrichment can mitigate the limitations of colon fermentation performances of gluten-free breads in non-celiac gut model. Food Chem 2024; 436:137633. [PMID: 37839115 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the impact of gluten free (GF) breads enriched with spirulina on the ecology of the colon microbiota of non-celiac volunteers was investigated. Simulation of digestion of GF breads was conducted with an in vitro gut model. Microbiomics and metabolomics analyses were done during colon fermentations to study the modulation of the microbiota. From the results, a general increase in Proteobacteria and no reduction of detrimental microbial metabolites were observed in any conditions. Notwithstanding, algae enriched sourdough breads showed potential functionalities, as the improvement of some health-related ecological indicators, like i) microbiota eubiosis; ii) production of bioactive volatile organic fatty acids; iii) production of bioactives terpenes. Our results indicate that a sourdough fermentation and algae enrichment can mitigate the negative effect of GF breads on gut microbiota of non-celiac consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nissen
- DiSTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CIRI - Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CRBA, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna 40100, Italy.
| | - Flavia Casciano
- DiSTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CRBA, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna 40100, Italy.
| | - Elena Chiarello
- DiSTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Mattia Di Nunzio
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DEFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- DiSTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CIRI - Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gianotti
- DiSTAL - Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CIRI - Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, P.za G. Goidanich, 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CRBA, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna 40100, Italy.
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Liu H, Wang G, Zhang J, Lu B, Li D, Chen J. Inhalation of diesel exhaust particulate matter accelerates weight gain via regulation of hypothalamic appetite-related genes and gut microbiota metabolism. J Hazard Mater 2024; 466:133570. [PMID: 38309172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Mice exposed to diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEPM) exhibited accelerated weight gain. Several hypothalamic genes, hormones (serum Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis hormones and gastrointestinal peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)), metabolites (intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)), and gut microbiota structure, which may influence obesity and appetite regulation, were examined. The result suggested that DEPM-induced accelerated weight gain may be associated with increased expression of hypothalamic Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type B receptor, tight junction protein, and orexin receptors, in addition with decreased IHTG and repressed HPA axis. Moreover, changes in the structure of intestinal microbiota are also related to weight changes, especially for phylum Firmicutes, genus Lactobacillus, and the ratio of relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B). DEPM exposure also caused widespread increase in the levels of intestinal SCFAs, the concentrations of propionic acid and isobutyric acid were associated with weight gain rate and the abundance of some bacteria. Although DEPM exposure caused changes in expression of hypothalamic serotonin, NPY, and melanocortin receptors, they were not associated with weight changes. Furthermore, no significant difference in gastrointestinal PYY and expression of hypothalamic receptors for leptin, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors was observed between DEPM-exposed and control mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guicheng Wang
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bingjie Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Xie Z, He W, Gobbi A, Bertram HC, Nielsen DS. The effect of in vitro simulated colonic pH gradients on microbial activity and metabolite production using common prebiotics as substrates. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:83. [PMID: 38468200 PMCID: PMC10926653 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between gut microbiota (GM) and the metabolization of dietary components leading to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is affected by a range of factors including colonic pH and carbohydrate source. However, there is still only limited knowledge on how the GM activity and metabolite production in the gastrointestinal tract could be influenced by pH and the pH gradient increases along the colon. RESULTS Here we investigate the effect of pH gradients corresponding to levels typically found in the colon on GM composition and metabolite production using substrates inulin, lactose, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) in an in vitro colon setup. We investigated 3 different pH regimes (low, 5.2 increasing to 6.4; medium, 5.6 increasing to 6.8 and high, 6.0 increasing to 7.2) for each fecal inoculum and found that colonic pH gradients significantly influenced in vitro simulated GM structure, but the influence of fecal donor and substrate was more pronounced. Low pH regimes strongly influenced GM with the decreased relative abundance of Bacteroides spp. and increased Bifidobacterium spp. Higher in vitro simulated colonic pH promoted the production of SCFAs in a donor- and substrate-dependent manner. The butyrate producer Butyricimonas was enriched at higher pH conditions, where also butyrate production was increased for inulin. The relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium, Bacteroides, and Rikenellaceae also increased at higher colonic pH, which was accompanied by increased production of propionate with GOS and FOS as substrates. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results show that colonic substrates such as dietary fibres influence GM composition and metabolite production, not only by being selectively utilized by specific microbes, but also because of their SCFA production, which in turn also influences colonic pH and overall GM composition and activity. Our work provides details about the effect of the gradients of rising pH from the proximal to distal colon on fermenting dietary substrates in vitro and highlights the importance of considering pH in GM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Xie
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Weiwei He
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Present Address: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Alex Gobbi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Present Address: European Food and Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
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Lee AR, Wilson KR, Clarke M, Engel S, Tscharke DC, Gebhardt T, Bedoui S, Bachem A. GPR41 and GPR43 regulate CD8 + T cell priming during herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1332588. [PMID: 38524121 PMCID: PMC10957577 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1332588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Naïve CD8+ T cells need to undergo a complex and coordinated differentiation program to gain the capacity to control virus infections. This not only involves the acquisition of effector functions, but also regulates the development of a subset of effector CD8+ T cells into long-lived and protective memory cells. Microbiota-derived metabolites have recently gained interest for their influence on T cells, but much remains unclear about their role in CD8+ T cell differentiation. In this study, we investigated the role of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPR)41 and GPR43 that can bind microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in CD8+ T cell priming following epicutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. We found that HSV-specific CD8+ T cells in GPR41/43-deficient mice were impaired in the antigen-elicited production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), granzyme B and perforin, and failed to differentiate effectively into memory precursors. The defect in controlling HSV-1 at the site of infection could be restored when GPR41 and GPR43 were expressed exclusively by HSV-specific CD8+ T cells. Our findings therefore highlight roles for GPR41 and GPR43 in CD8+ T cell differentiation, emphasising the importance of metabolite sensing in fine-tuning anti-viral CD8+ T cell priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Renita Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kayla Roberta Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michele Clarke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sven Engel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David C Tscharke
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Annabell Bachem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Zhang Y, Tang N, Zhou H, Zhu Y. The role of microbial metabolites in endocrine tumorigenesis: From the mechanistic insights to potential therapeutic biomarkers. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116218. [PMID: 38308969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites have been indicated to communicate with the host's endocrine system, regulating hormone production, immune-endocrine communications, and interactions along the gut-brain axis, eventually affecting the occurrence of endocrine cancer. Furthermore, microbiota metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been found to affect the tumor microenvironment and boost immunity against tumors. SCFAs, including butyrate and acetate, have been demonstrated to exert anti-proliferative and anti-protective activity on pancreatic cancer cells. The employing of microbial metabolic products in conjunction with radiation and chemotherapy has shown promising outcomes in terms of reducing treatment side effects and boosting effectiveness. Certain metabolites, such as valerate and butyrate, have been made known to improve the efficiency of CAR T-cell treatment, whilst others, such as indole-derived tryptophan metabolites, have been shown to inhibit tumor immunity. This review explores the intricate interplay between microbial metabolites and endocrine tumorigenesis, spanning mechanistic insights to the discovery of potential therapeutic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Nie Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China.
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China.
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Chen Z, Yu L, Liu J, Kong J, Deng X, Guo X, Shan J, Zhou D, Li W, Lin Y, Huang W, Zeng W, Shi X, Bai Y, Fan H. Gut microbiota dynamics and fecal SCFAs after colonoscopy: accelerating microbiome stabilization by Clostridium butyricum. J Transl Med 2024; 22:222. [PMID: 38429821 PMCID: PMC10908214 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonoscopy is a classic diagnostic method with possible complications including abdominal pain and diarrhoea. In this study, gut microbiota dynamics and related metabolic products during and after colonoscopy were explored to accelerate gut microbiome balance through probiotics. METHODS The gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in four healthy subjects before and after colonoscopy, along with seven individuals supplemented with Clostridium butyricum. We employed 16S rRNA sequencing and GC-MS to investigate these changes. We also conducted bioinformatic analysis to explore the buk gene, encoding butyrate kinase, across C. butyricum strains from the human gut. RESULTS The gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of four healthy subjects were recovered on the 7th day after colonoscopy. We found that Clostridium and other bacteria might have efficient butyric acid production through bioinformatic analysis of the buk and assessment of the transcriptional level of the buk. Supplementation of seven healthy subjects with Clostridium butyricum after colonoscopy resulted in a quicker recovery and stabilization of gut microbiota and fecal SCFAs on the third day. CONCLUSION We suggest that supplementation of Clostridium butyricum after colonoscopy should be considered in future routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Kong
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshi Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Shan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daixuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Inst. Of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangfan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Inst. Of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwen Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weisen Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlong Shi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Inst. Of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Ge Q, Hou CL, Rao XH, Zhang AQ, Xiao GM, Wang LY, Jin KN, Sun PL, Chen LC. In vitro fermentation characteristics of polysaccharides from coix seed and its effects on the gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129994. [PMID: 38325690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Coix seed polysaccharides had received increasing attention due to their diverse biological activities. In this study, a homogeneous polysaccharide (CSPW) was extracted and purified from coix seed. Furthermore, the saliva-gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation behavior of CSPW were simulated in vitro. The results showed that CSPW was mainly composed of glucose. It cannot be degraded by the simulated salivary and intestinal digestive system, but can be degraded by the simulated gastric digestive system. After fermentation for 24 h, CSPW promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), with acetic acid, propionic acid and n-butyric acid being the main metabolites. In addition, CSPW could significantly regulate the composition and microbial diversity of gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Limosilicactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Collinsella. Finally, further analysis of functional prediction revealed that amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were the most important pathways for CSPW to promote health. In summary, our findings suggested that CSPW could potentially be used as a good source of prebiotics because it can be used by gut microbiota to produce SCFAs and regulate the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ge
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, PR China.
| | - Chen-Long Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, PR China
| | - Xiu-Hua Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, PR China
| | - An-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Guo-Ming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, PR China
| | - Lu-Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, PR China
| | - Kai-Ning Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology for Farm Products of Zhejiang Province, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, PR China
| | - Pei-Long Sun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Li-Chun Chen
- School of Food Science and Biological engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, PR China
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44
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Sun T, Liang X, Xu X, Wang L, Xiao W, Ma Y, Wang R, Gu Y, Li S, Qiu Y, Sun D, Xu H, Lei P. In vitro digestion and fecal fermentation of basidiospore-derived exopolysaccharides from Naematelia aurantialba. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129756. [PMID: 38286376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Mushroom polysaccharides exhibit numerous health-enhancing attributes that are intricately linked to the breakdown, assimilation, and exploitation of polysaccharides within the organism. Naematelia aurantialba polysaccharides (NAPS-A), highly prized polysaccharides derived from mushrooms, remain shrouded in uncertainty regarding their characteristics pertaining to gastrointestinal digestion and gut microbial fermentation. The study aimed to understand the digestion and fecal fermentation patterns of NAPS-A. After simulated digestion, NAPS-A's physicochemical properties remained unchanged. However, during in vitro fecal fermentation, indigestible NAPS-A underwent significant changes in various properties, such as reducing sugar, chemical composition, constituent monosaccharides, Molecular weight, apparent viscosity, FT-IR spectra, and microscopic morphology. Notably, NAPS-A was effectively utilized by the gut microbiota, with unchanged properties after digestion but altered after fermentation. It influenced gut microbe composition by increasing beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia), lowering pH, and producing short-chain fatty acids. NAPS-A fermentation enriches carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolic pathways through PICRUSt prediction analysis. Overall, these findings emphasize NAPS-A's role in regulating gut bacteria and their metabolic functions, despite its challenging digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaoning Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Linhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yuhang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yibin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Dafeng Sun
- Kunming Edible Fungi Institute of All China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Fang S, Cao W, Wu Q, Cheng S, Jin H, Pang H, Zhou A, Feng L, Cao J, Luo J. Dynamic microbiome disassembly and evolution induced by antimicrobial methylisothiazolinone in sludge anaerobic fermentation for volatile fatty acids generation. Water Res 2024; 251:121139. [PMID: 38237458 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, various antimicrobials have emerged and concentrated in waste-activated sludge (WAS), affecting the biological treatment of WAS. However, there is still a knowledge gap in the dynamic response and adaptive mechanism of anaerobic microbiome under exogenous antimicrobial stress. This study found that methylisothiazolinone (MIT, as a typic antimicrobial) caused an interesting lag effect on the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) promotion in the WAS anaerobic fermentation process. MIT was effective to disintegrate the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and those functional anaerobic microorganisms were easily exposed and negatively impacted by the MIT interference after the loss of protective barriers. Correspondingly, the ecological interactions and microbial metabolic functions related to VFA biosynthesis (e.g., pyruvate metabolism) were downregulated at the initial stage. The syntrophic consortia gradually adapted to the interference and attenuated the MIT stress by activating chemotaxis and resistance genes (e.g., excreting, binding, and inactivating). Due to the increased bioavailable substrates in the fermentation systems, the dominant microorganisms (i.e., Clostridium and Caloramator) with both VFAs production and MIT-tolerance functions have been domesticated. Moreover, MIT disrupted the syntrophic interaction between acetogens and methanogens and totally suppressed methanogens' metabolic activities. The VFA production derived from WAS anaerobic fermentation was therefore enhanced due to the interference of antimicrobial MIT stress. This work deciphered dynamic changes and adaptive evolution of anaerobic syntrophic consortia in response to antimicrobial stress and provided guidance on the evaluation and control of the ecological risks of exogenous pollutants in WAS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wangbei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Song Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Hongqi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Heliang Pang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi 'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi 'an 710055, China
| | - Aijuan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Leiyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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Liang J, Zhang P, Chen L, Chang J, Zhang R, Zhang G, Tian Y. Effect of high corn straw loads on short-chain fatty acid production in semi-continuous rumen reactor. Bioresour Technol 2024; 395:130396. [PMID: 38301941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Ruminal microorganisms can efficiently hydrolyze biomass waste for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. However, the continuous SCFA production by ruminal microorganisms at high loads is unclear. In this study, the effectiveness of a rumen semi-continuous reactor at high load for SCFA production was explored. Results showed that SCFA concentration reached 13.3 g/L at 8 % (w/v) corn straw load. The higher the corn straw load, the lower the volatile solid removal. Rumen microbial community composition changed significantly with increasing corn straw load. A significant decrease in bacterial diversity and abundance was observed at 8 % corn straw load. Some core genera such as Prevotella, Saccharofermentans, and Ruminococcus significantly increased. As corn straw loads increased, the expression of functional genes related to hydrolysis and acidogenesis gradually increased. Thus, the 8.0 % load is suitable for SCFA production. These findings provide new insights into high load fermentation of ruminal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Liang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Panyue Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Le Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianning Chang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Wu Y, Yin W, Hao P, Chen Y, Yu L, Yu X, Wu Y, Li X, Wang W, Zhou H, Yuan Y, Quan X, Yu Y, Hu B, Chen S, Zhou Z, Sun W. Polysaccharide from Panax japonicus C.A. Mey prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development based on regulating liver metabolism and gut microbiota in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129430. [PMID: 38228199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a new polysaccharide (PSPJ) with specific molecular weight and monosaccharide compositions was isolated and purified from the water extract of Panacis Japonici Rhizoma (PJR). 16S rRNA analysis and untargeted metabolomic analysis were used to assess PSPJ's efficacy in averting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study indicated that PSPJ significantly reduced liver fat accumulation, the increase in blood lipids and ALT caused by HFD, indicating that PSPJ can prevent NAFLD. We demonstrated through cell experiments that PSPJ does not directly affect liver cells. The gut microbiota disorder and alterations in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induced by the high-fat diet (HFD) were ameliorated by PSPJ, as evidenced by the analysis of 16S rRNA. In particular, supplementing PSPJ reduced the abundance of Turicibacter, Dubosiella, and Staphylococcus, and increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Blautia, and Lactobacillus. Untargeted metabolomic analysis shows that PSPJ improves liver metabolic disorders by regulating arachidonic acid metabolism, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and retinol metabolism. The findings of our investigation indicate that PSPJ has the potential to modulate liver metabolism through alterations in the composition of intestinal bacteria, hence preventing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yueru Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lingyun Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xingjian Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento 95817, CA, United States of America
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaocong Li
- College of Medicine, Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic, No.31 Stadium Road, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shouhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, No. 1303 Jiaoyu East Road, Yulin 537000, Guangxi, China.
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Liu H, Nie H, Shi Y, Lai W, Bian L, Tian L, Li K, Xi Z, Lin B. Oil mistparticulate matter exposure induces hyperlipidemia-related inflammation via microbiota/ SCFAs/GPR43 axis inhibition and TLR4/NF-κB activation. Environ Pollut 2024; 344:123331. [PMID: 38199482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Metabolites produced by the human gut microbiota play an important role in fighting and intervening in inflammatory diseases. It remains unknown whether immune homeostasis is influenced by increasing concentrations of air pollutants such as oil mist particulate matters (OMPM). Herein, we report that OMPM exposure induces a hyperlipidemia-related phenotype through microbiota dysregulation-mediated downregulation of the anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-GPR43 axis and activation of the inflammatory pathway. A rat model showed that exposure to OMPM promoted visceral and serum lipid accumulation and inflammatory cytokine upregulation. Furthermore, our research indicated a reduction in both the "healthy" microbiome and the production of SCFAs in the intestinal contents following exposure to OMPM. The SCFA receptor GPR43 was downregulated in both the ileum and white adipose tissues (WATs). The OMPM treatment mechanism was as follows: the gut barrier was compromised, leading to increased levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This increase activated the Toll-like receptor 4 Nuclear Factor-κB (TLR4-NF-κB) signaling pathway in WATs, consequently fueling hyperlipidemia-related inflammation through a positive-feedback circuit. Our findings thus imply that OMPM pollution leads to hyperlipemia-related inflammation through impairing the microbiota-SCFAs-GPR43 pathway and activating the LSP-induced TLR4-NF-κB cascade; our findings also suggest that OMPM pollution is a potential threat to humanmicrobiota dysregulation and the occurrence of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanliang Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Huipeng Nie
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Wenqing Lai
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Liping Bian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Bencheng Lin
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment & Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China.
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49
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Chang KC, Nagarajan N, Gan YH. Short-chain fatty acids of various lengths differentially inhibit Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacteriaceae species. mSphere 2024; 9:e0078123. [PMID: 38305176 PMCID: PMC10900885 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00781-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is inextricably linked to human health and disease. It can confer colonization resistance against invading pathogens either through niche occupation and nutrient competition or via its secreted metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the primary metabolites in the gut as a result of dietary fiber fermentation by the gut microbiota. In this work, we demonstrate that the interaction of single-species gut commensals on solid media is insufficient for pathogen inhibition, but supernatants from monocultures of these commensal bacteria enriched in acetate confer inhibition against anaerobic growth of the enteric pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. The three primary SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) strongly inhibit the intestinal commensal Escherichia coli Nissle as well as a panel of enteric pathogens besides K. pneumoniae at physiological pH of the cecum and ascending colon. This inhibition was significantly milder on anaerobic gut commensals Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bifidobacterium adolescentis previously demonstrated to be associated with microbiota recovery after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. We describe a general suppression of bacterial membrane potential by these SCFAs at physiological cecum and ascending colonic pH. Furthermore, the strength of bacterial inhibition increases with increasing alkyl chain length. Overall, the insights gained in this study shed light on the potential therapeutic use of SCFAs for conferring colonization resistance against invading pathogens in a dysbiotic gut.IMPORTANCERising antimicrobial resistance has made treatment of bacterial infections increasingly difficult. According to the World Health Organization, it has become a burgeoning threat to hospital and public health systems worldwide. This threat is largely attributed to the global rise of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in recent years, with common hospital-acquired pathogens growing increasingly resistant to last-line antibiotics. Antibiotics disrupt the homeostatic balance of the gut microbiota, resulting in the loss of colonization resistance against enteric pathogens. This work describes the ability of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbiota to be effective against a wide panel of enteric pathogens without major impact on common gut commensal species. We also demonstrate a previously undescribed link between alkyl chain length and antibacterial effects of SCFAs. SCFAs, thus, hold promise as an alternative therapeutic option leveraging on the antimicrobial activity of these endogenously produced gut metabolites without disrupting gut microbiota homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chirng Chang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Niranjan Nagarajan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunn-Hwen Gan
- Department of Biochemistry, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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50
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Hosmer J, McEwan AG, Kappler U. Bacterial acetate metabolism and its influence on human epithelia. Emerg Top Life Sci 2024; 8:1-13. [PMID: 36945843 PMCID: PMC10903459 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids are known modulators of host-microbe interactions and can affect human health, inflammation, and outcomes of microbial infections. Acetate is the most abundant but least well-studied of these modulators, with most studies focusing on propionate and butyrate, which are considered to be more potent. In this mini-review, we summarize current knowledge of acetate as an important anti-inflammatory modulator of interactions between hosts and microorganisms. This includes a summary of the pathways by which acetate is metabolized by bacteria and human cells, the functions of acetate in bacterial cells, and the impact that microbially derived acetate has on human immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hosmer
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Alastair G. McEwan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Ulrike Kappler
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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