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Yang K, Yu G, Yang Z, Yue L, Zhang X, Sun C, Wei J, Rao L, Chen X, Wang R. Supramolecular Polymerization-Induced Nanoassemblies for Self-Augmented Cascade Chemotherapy and Chemodynamic Therapy of Tumor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17570-17578. [PMID: 34041833 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The clinical application of chemodynamic therapy is impeded by the insufficient intracellular H2 O2 level in tumor tissues. Herein, we developed a supramolecular nanoparticle via a simple one-step supramolecular polymerization-induced self-assembly process using platinum (IV) complex-modified β-cyclodextrin-ferrocene conjugates as supramolecular monomers. The supramolecular nanoparticles could dissociate rapidly upon exposure to endogenous H2 O2 in the tumor and release hydroxyl radicals as well as platinum (IV) prodrugs in situ, which is reduced into cisplatin to significantly promote the generation of H2 O2 in the tumor tissue. Thus, the supramolecular nanomedicine overcomes the limitation of conventional chemodynamic therapy via the self-augmented cascade radical generation and drug release. In addition, dissociated supramolecular nanoparticles could be readily excreted from the body via renal clearance to effectively avoid systemic toxicity and ensure long term biocompatibility of the nanomedicine. This work may provide new insights on the design and development of novel supramolecular nanoassemblies for cascade chemo/chemodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuikun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Guocan Yu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ludan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jianwen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Science, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
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Adeyemi JA, Machado ART, Ogunjimi AT, Alberici LC, Antunes LMG, Barbosa F. Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells exposed to copper oxide, copper-iron oxide and carbon nanoparticles. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 189:109982. [PMID: 31830603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing application of nanomaterials in various fields such as drug delivery, cosmetics, disease detection, cancer treatment, food preservation etc. has resulted in high levels of engineered nanoparticles in the environment, thus leading to higher possibility of direct or indirect interactions between these particles and biological systems. In this study, the toxic effects of three commercially available nanomaterials; copper oxide nanoparticles, copper-iron oxide nanopowders and carbon nanopowders were determined in the human hepatoma HepG2 cells using various toxicological assays which are indicative of cytotoxicity (MTT and neutral red assays), mutagenicity (cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay), oxidative stress (total reactive oxygen species and superoxide anion production) and mitochondrial impairment (cellular oxygen consumption). There was increased cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and mitochondrial impairment in the cells treated with higher concentrations of the nanomaterials, especially the copper oxide nanoparticles. The fold production of reactive oxygen species was similar at the concentrations tested in this study but longer exposure duration resulted in production of more superoxide anions. The results of this study showed that copper oxide nanoparticles are highly toxic to the human HepG2 cells, thus implying that the liver is a target organ in human for copper oxide nanoparticles toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Adeyemi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/nº, CEP, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Ana Rita Thomazela Machado
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/nº, CEP, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Abayomi T Ogunjimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 115 S Grand Avenue, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/nº, CEP, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lusania Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/nº, CEP, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/nº, CEP, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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López-Luna J, Cruz-Fernández S, Mills DS, Martínez-Enríquez AI, Solís-Domínguez FA, Del Carmen Ángeles González-Chávez M, Carrillo-González R, Martinez-Vargas S, Mijangos-Ricardez OF, Del Carmen Cuevas-Díaz M. Phytotoxicity and upper localization of Ag@CoFe 2O 4 nanoparticles in wheat plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:1923-1940. [PMID: 31760622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental concern related to Ag+ release from conventional AgNPs is expected to be prevented once contained into a magnetic core like magnetite or CoFe2O4. Accordingly, we obtained CoFe2O4 NPs by microwave-assisted synthesis, which AgNO3 addition rendered Ag@CoFe2O4 NPs. NPs were characterized, and before exploring potential applications, we carried out 7-day wheat toxicity assays. Seed germination and seedling growth were used as toxicity endpoints and photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes as oxidative stress biomarkers. Total Fe, Co, and Ag determination was initial indicative of Ag@CoFe2O4 NPs uptake by plants. Then NPs localization in seedling tissues was sought by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and darkfield hyperspectral imaging (DF-HSI). Not any silver ion (Ag+) was detected into the ferrite structure, but results only confirmed the presence of metallic silver (Ag0) adsorbed on the CoFe2O4 NPs surface. Agglomerates of Ag@CoFe2O4 NPs (~10 nm) were fivefold smaller than CoFe2O4 NPs, and ferrimagnetic properties of the CoFe2O4 NPs were conserved after the formation of the Ag@CoFe2O4 composite NPs. Seed germination was not affected by NPs, but root and shoot lengths of seedlings diminished 50% at 54.89 mg/kg and 168.18 mg/kg NPs, respectively. Nonetheless, hormesis was observed in roots of plants exposed to lower Ag@CoFe2O4 NPs treatments. Photosynthetic pigments and the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) indicated oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. SEM suggested NPs presence in shoots and roots, whereas DF-HSI confirmed some Ag@CoFe2O4 NPs contained in shoots of wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime López-Luna
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad de la Sierra Juárez, Ixtlán de Juárez, 68725, Oaxaca, México.
| | - Soledad Cruz-Fernández
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad de la Sierra Juárez, Ixtlán de Juárez, 68725, Oaxaca, México
| | | | | | | | | | - Rogelio Carrillo-González
- Colegio de Postgraduados en Ciencias Agrícolas, Carr. México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo, 56230, Estado de México, México
| | - Sergio Martinez-Vargas
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Carmen, Campus III, Avenida Central S/N, Esq. con Fracc. Mundo Maya, 24115, Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México
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Ahmed Abdel-Reheim M, Messiha BAS, Abo-Saif AA. Quillaja saponaria bark saponin protects Wistar rats against ferrous sulphate-induced oxidative and inflammatory liver damage. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:1972-1983. [PMID: 28728456 PMCID: PMC6130630 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1345950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Saponins from different sources are historically reported in Chinese medicine to possess many beneficial effects. However, insufficient experimental data are available regarding the hepatoprotective potential of Quillaja bark saponin. OBJECTIVE The protective effect of Quillaja saponaria Molina (Quillajaceae) bark triterpenoid saponin against iron-induced hepatotoxicity is compared to the standard N-acetylcysteine in adult male Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were divided into (six) groups, namely a normal control, an N-acetylcysteine control (300 mg/kg/day, p.o., 10 days), a saponin control (100 mg/kg/day, p.o., for 10 days), a hepatotoxicity control (two doses of ferrous sulphate, 30 mg/kg/day each, i.p., on 9th and 10th day), an N-acetylcysteine plus ferrous sulphate (standard treatment) and a saponin plus ferrous sulphate (test treatment) group. Hepatocyte integrity loss markers (serum ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and LDH), oxidative stress markers (hepatic MDA, GSH and NOx), dyslipidaemic markers (serum TC and TG) and hepatocyte functioning markers (serum bilirubin and albumin) were assessed. RESULTS Quillaja bark saponin decreased iron-induced elevation of ALT (reaching 57% of hepatotoxicity control), AST (66%), ALP (76%), GGT (60%), LDH (54%), MDA (65%), NOx (77%), TC (70%), TG (54%), and total (54%), direct (54%) and indirect (54%) bilirubin, coupled with increased GSH (219%) and albumin (159%) levels. Histopathological study strongly supported biochemical estimations, while immunohistochemical study showed marked effect on eNOS and iNOS expression. CONCLUSIONS Quillaja bark saponin has a good hepatoprotective effect. Amelioration of oxidative stress and suppression of NOS expression, with resultant maintenance of hepatocyte integrity and functioning, may explain this beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Ahmed Abo-Saif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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Rodrigues-Junior VS, Cintra L, Machado P, Dadda A, Basso LA, Mafra ACCN, Campos AH, Campos MM, Santos DS. Toxicological profile of IQG-607 after single and repeated oral administration in minipigs: An essential step towards phase I clinical trial. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 90:78-86. [PMID: 28838610 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
IQG-607 is an anti-tuberculosis drug candidate, with a promising safety and efficacy profile in models of tuberculosis infection both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we evaluated the safety and the possible toxic effects of IQG-607 after acute and 90-day repeated administrations in minipigs. Single oral administration of IQG-607 (220 mg/kg) to female and male minipigs did not result in any morbidity or mortality. No gross lesions were observed in the minipigs at necropsy. Repeated administration of IQG 607 (65, 30, or 15 mg/kg), given orally, for 90 days, in both male and female animals did not cause any mortality and no significant body mass alteration. Diarrhea and alopecia were the clinical signs observed in animals dosed with IQG-607 for 90 days. Long-term treatment with IQG-607 did not induce evident alterations of blood cell counts or any hematological parameters. Importantly, the repeated schedule of administration of IQG-607 resulted in increased cholesterol levels, increased glucose levels, decrease in the globulin levels, and increased creatinine levels over the time. Most necropsy and histopathological alterations of the organs from IQG-607-treated groups were also observed for the untreated group. In addition, pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated. IQG-607 represents a potential candidate molecule for anti-tuberculosis drug development programs. Its promising in vivo activity and mild to moderate toxic events detected in this study suggest that IQG-607 represents a candidate for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valnês S Rodrigues-Junior
- Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Cintra
- Centro de Experimentação e Treinamento Em Cirurgia (CETEC), Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Machado
- Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adílio Dadda
- Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Basso
- Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Holthausen Campos
- Centro de Experimentação e Treinamento Em Cirurgia (CETEC), Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Martha Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diógenes Santiago Santos
- Centro de Pesquisas Em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 92A Tecnopuc, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Grintsova N, Glushchenko N, Dunaeva M. COMPLEX HEAVY METAL SALTS' EFFECT ON GANGLION NUCLEI NEURONS MORPHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS IN ADULT MALE RATS' CEREBELLAR CORTEX. Georgian Med News 2017:125-130. [PMID: 28574396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to analyze the dynamics of morphological and morphometric nuclear rearrangements of cortical cerebellar Purkinje cells under prolonged exposure (for 90 days) on the body of copper sulfate, zinc and iron experiment was conducted on 48 white adult male rats weighing 200-250g, aged 5 -8 months. We used anatomic, morphometric, statistical and common methods of micro anatomical research method. It was found that the combined effect of copper sulfate, zinc and iron on the body has nuclear device ganglion neurons in the cerebellar cortex sufficiently expressive toxicity, which affects the state of neurons. The degree of morphological rearrangements in the nuclear unit is in direct proportion to the duration of the experiment. In the nuclei of ganglion neurons develop nonspecific changes of polymorphic nature, which is reversible in the early stages of experience and irreversible, mainly necrobiotic character (chromatolysis, pycnosis and reksis) in most of the neurons within a timeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Grintsova
- Sumy State University, Department of Normal Anatomy, Department of Biophysics, Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Biomolecular Engineering, Ukraine
| | - N Glushchenko
- Sumy State University, Department of Normal Anatomy, Department of Biophysics, Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Biomolecular Engineering, Ukraine
| | - M Dunaeva
- Sumy State University, Department of Normal Anatomy, Department of Biophysics, Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Biomolecular Engineering, Ukraine
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Renault D, Dorrah MA, Mohamed AA, Abdelfattah EA, Bassal TTM. Assessment of oxidative stress and activities of antioxidant enzymes depicts the negative systemic effect of iron-containing fertilizers and plant phenolic compounds in the desert locust. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:21989-22000. [PMID: 27539469 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For herbivore insects, digesting can be somewhat challenging, as the defense mechanisms evolved by plants, including the release of phenolics like the non-protein amino acid L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), can cause fitness costs. In addition, industrial and agricultural activities have elevated the amounts of iron that can be found in nature and more particularly FeSO4 that is used as fertilizer. Traces of iron can enhance the auto-oxidation of L-DOPA, in turn, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently oxidative stress in insects. We examined the effects of the ion Fe2+ (as FeSO4) and L-DOPA on fifth instars of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria. We measured the level of oxidative damage occurring to macromolecules (proteins and lipids) from midgut and thoracic tissues and assessed the activities of responsive antioxidant enzymes. Injected L-DOPA and redox-active metal iron generated ROS which caused oxidative damages to proteins and lipids to S. gregaria. The protein carbonyls and lipid peroxides present in tissue homogenates were elevated in treated insects. No synergism was observed when L-DOPA was co-injected with Fe2+. K m values of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were 4.3, 2.6, and 4.0 mM in thoracic muscles and 5.00, 2.43, and 1.66 mM in whole midgut for SOD, GR, and GPx, respectively, and 8.3 and 3.43 M for catalase (CAT) in the two tissues, respectively. These results suggest higher affinities of GPx and CAT to H2O2 in midgut than in muscles. The time-course changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes and amounts of protein carbonyls and lipid peroxides showed fluctuating patterns, suggesting complex interactions among macromolecules, L-DOPA and FeSO4, and their degradation products. Our results demonstrated the stressful effects of L-DOPA and FeSO4, proving that iron-containing fertilizers are pollutants that can strongly affect S. gregaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renault
- UMR CNRS 6553, Université de Rennes 1, Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - Moataza A Dorrah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, P O Box, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Amr A Mohamed
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, P O Box, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Eman A Abdelfattah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, P O Box, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Taha T M Bassal
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, P O Box, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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Trujillo-Reyes J, Majumdar S, Botez CE, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Exposure studies of core-shell Fe/Fe(3)O(4) and Cu/CuO NPs to lettuce (Lactuca sativa) plants: Are they a potential physiological and nutritional hazard? J Hazard Mater 2014; 267:255-63. [PMID: 24462971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Iron and copper nanomaterials are widely used in environmental remediation and agriculture. However, their effects on physiological parameters and nutritional quality of terrestrial plants such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa) are still unknown. In this research, 18-day-old hydroponically grown lettuce seedlings were treated for 15 days with core-shell nanoscale materials (Fe/Fe(3)O(4), Cu/CuO) at 10 and 20mg/L, and FeSO(4)·7H(2)O and CuSO(4)·5H(2)O at 10mg/L. At harvest, Fe, Cu, micro and macronutrients were determined by ICP-OES. Also, we evaluated chlorophyll content, plant growth, and catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities. Our results showed that iron ions/NPs did not affect the physiological parameters with respect to water control. Conversely, Cu ions/NPs reduced water content, root length, and dry biomass of the lettuce plants. ICP-OES results showed that nano-Cu/CuO treatments produced significant accumulation of Cu in roots compared to the CuSO(4)·5H(2)O treatment. In roots, all Cu treatments increased CAT activity but decreased APX activity. In addition, relative to the control, nano-Cu/CuO altered the nutritional quality of lettuce, since the treated plants had significantly more Cu, Al and S but less Mn, P, Ca, and Mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Trujillo-Reyes
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - S Majumdar
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - C E Botez
- Physics Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - J R Peralta-Videa
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - J L Gardea-Torresdey
- Chemistry Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
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9
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Iacovino R, Caso JV, Rapuano F, Russo A, Isidori M, Lavorgna M, Malgieri G, Isernia C. Physicochemical characterization and cytotoxic activity evaluation of hydroxymethylferrocene:β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Molecules 2012; 17:6056-70. [PMID: 22614860 PMCID: PMC6268982 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17056056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An inclusion complex of hydroxymethylferrocene (FeMeOH) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was prepared in the solid state by different techniques such as physical mixture, coprecipitation, kneading and freeze-drying. The formation of the inclusion complex was confirmed by X-ray Powder Diffractometry and Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy. In aqueous solution, the 1:1 stoichiometry was established by a Job plot. The inclusion complex formation was also investigated by NMR and the stability constant (Kb) of the complex was determined to be 478 M−1, which is in agreement with that obtained with UV-Vis tritation (Kb = 541.3 M−1). The phase solubility study showed a diagram classified as BS type and that the solubility of FeMeOH was slightly increased in the presence of β-CD. Furthermore, utilizing phase solubility diagram data, the Kb was estimated to be equal to 528.0 M−1. The cytotoxic activity of FeMeOH and its complexation product with β-CD was determined using the MTT-assay on MDA-MB-231 cell line, showing that the inclusion complex has a higher capability of inhibiting cell growth compared to that of pure FeMeOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Iacovino
- Department of Environmental Science, Second University of Naples, via A.Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; E-Mails: (J.V.C.); (A.R.); (G.M.); (C.I.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-082-3274-663; Fax: +39-082-3274-605
| | - Jolanda Valentina Caso
- Department of Environmental Science, Second University of Naples, via A.Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; E-Mails: (J.V.C.); (A.R.); (G.M.); (C.I.)
| | - Filomena Rapuano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Sannio, via Port’Arsa, 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Agostino Russo
- Department of Environmental Science, Second University of Naples, via A.Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; E-Mails: (J.V.C.); (A.R.); (G.M.); (C.I.)
| | - Marina Isidori
- Department of Life Sciences, Second University of Naples, via A.Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; E-Mails: (M.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Margherita Lavorgna
- Department of Life Sciences, Second University of Naples, via A.Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; E-Mails: (M.I.); (M.L.)
| | - Gaetano Malgieri
- Department of Environmental Science, Second University of Naples, via A.Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; E-Mails: (J.V.C.); (A.R.); (G.M.); (C.I.)
| | - Carla Isernia
- Department of Environmental Science, Second University of Naples, via A.Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; E-Mails: (J.V.C.); (A.R.); (G.M.); (C.I.)
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Oboh G, Akinyemi AJ, Ademiluyi AO. Antioxidant and inhibitory effect of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubra) and white ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) on Fe(2+) induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain in vitro. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2012; 64:31-6. [PMID: 20598871 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegerative diseases have been linked to oxidative stress arising from peroxidation of membrane biomolecules and high levels of Fe have been reported to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases and other brain disorder. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the end-product of lipid peroxidation and the production of this aldehyde is used as a biomarker to measure the level of oxidative stress in an organism. The present study compares the protective properties of two varieties of ginger [red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubra) and white ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)] on Fe(2+) induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain in vitro. Incubation of the brain tissue homogenate in the presence of Fe caused a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the brain. However, the aqueous extract from both varieties of ginger caused a significant decrease in the MDA contents of the brain in a dose-dependent manner. However, the aqueous extract of red ginger had a significantly higher inhibitory effect on both Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat brain homogenates than that of white ginger. This higher inhibitory effect of red ginger could be attributed to its significantly higher phytochemical content, Fe(2+) chelating ability, OH scavenging ability and reducing power. However, part of the mechanisms through which the extractable phytochemicals in ginger (red and white) protect the brain may be through their antioxidant activity, Fe(2+) chelating and OH scavenging ability. Therefore, oxidative stress in the brain could be potentially managed/prevented by dietary intake of ginger varieties (red ginger and white ginger rhizomes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria.
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11
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Zhou ZD, Lan YH, Tan EK, Lim TM. Iron species-mediated dopamine oxidation, proteasome inhibition, and dopaminergic cell demise: implications for iron-related dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:1856-71. [PMID: 20854902 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Iron species have been suggested to be highly involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. However, the detailed mechanism of iron-induced dopaminergic degeneration is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that free iron ions (trivalent or bivalent) and iron ions in stable complex with cyanide ions (K(4)Fe(CN)(6) and K(3)Fe(CN)(6)) can induce dopamine (DA) oxidation with different profiles and subsequently lead to proteasome inhibition and even dopaminergic MN9D cell demise via different mechanisms. The free iron ions could mediate extensive DA oxidation in an iron-DA complex-dependent manner. However, iron ions in stable complex with cyanide ions could not induce, or could induce only brief, DA oxidation. Deferoxamine, a specific iron ion chelator, could disrupt iron-DA complex formation and thus abrogate free iron ion-catalyzed DA oxidation and subsequent cell toxicity. Glutathione could neither disrupt iron-DA complex formation nor influence free iron ion-catalyzed DA oxidation but could protect against iron-mediated toxicity via detoxification of toxic by-products of iron-mediated DA oxidation. The resulting DA oxidation could inhibit chymotrypsin-like, trypsin-like, and caspase-like proteasome activities. However, we demonstrated that oxidative damage was not the major toxic mechanism of MN9D cell degeneration, but it was the DA quinones derived from iron-induced DA oxidation that contributed significantly to proteasome inhibition and even dopaminergic cell demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dong Zhou
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Aston JE, Peyton BM, Lee BD, Apel WA. Effects of ferrous sulfate, inoculum history, and anionic form on lead, zinc, and copper toxicity to Acidithiobacillus caldus strain BC13. Environ Toxicol Chem 2010; 29:2669-2675. [PMID: 20931606 DOI: 10.1002/etc.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The current study reports the single and combined toxicities of Pb, Zn, and Cu to Acidithiobacillus caldus strain BC13. The observed half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50), ± 95% confidence intervals, for Pb, Zn, and Cu were 0.9 ± 0.1 mM, 39 ± 0.5 mM, and 120 ± 8 mM, respectively. The observed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Pb, Zn, and Cu were 7.5 mM, 75 mM, and 250 mM, respectively. When metals were presented in binary mixtures, the toxicities were less than additive. For example, when 50% of the Pb MIC and 50% of the Cu MIC were presented together, the specific growth rate was inhibited by only 59 ± 3%, rather than 100%. In addition, the presence of ferrous iron in the growth media decreased Pb and Zn toxicity to A. caldus strain BC13. The importance of inoculum history was evaluated by pre-adapting cultures through subsequent transfers in the presence of Pb, Zn, and Cu at their respective IC50s. After pre-adaptation, cultures had specific growth rates 39 ± 11, 32 ± 7, and 28 ± 12% higher in the presence of Pb, Zn, and Cu IC50s, respectively, compared with cultures that had not been pre-adapted. In addition, when cells exposed to the MICs of Pb, Zn, and Cu were harvested, washed, and re-inoculated into fresh, metal-free medium, they grew, showing that the cells remained viable with little residual toxicity. Finally, metal chlorides showed more toxicity than metal sulfates, and studies using sodium chloride or a mixture of metal sulfates and sodium chloride suggested that this was attributable to an additive combination of the metal and chloride toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Aston
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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13
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Chao X, Shi F, Zhao YY, Li K, Peng ML, Chen C, Cui YL. Cytotoxicity of Fe3O4/Au composite nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin combined with magnetic field. Pharmazie 2010; 65:500-504. [PMID: 20662318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
GoldMag (Fe3O4/Au) nanoparticles have the advantages of both magnetic response in an external magnetic field and the immobilization of molecules on their surface in a single step. The cytotoxicities of GoldMag nanoparticles and GoldMag nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin (Dox-GoldMag) combined with an external magnetic field were tested in vitro on HepG2 malignant tumor cells. The results showed that cell viability remained above 92% when using GoldMag nanoparticles at a concentration as high as 2.0 mg/ml, suggesting the biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. The IC50 (0.731 microg/ml) of the Dox-GoldMag group was higher than that (0.522 microg/ml) of the Dox group (P < 0. 05). However, the Dox-GoldMag group combined with a magnetic field had an obviously increased inhibition rate for the HepG2 cell line and the IC50 was lower than that of the Dox group (0.421 microg/ml). These results indicated that GoldMag nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin combined with a permanent magnetic field are more cytotoxic and could be a potential targeted drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chao
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No.229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
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Contreras RG, Sakagami H, Nakajima H, Shimada J. Type of cell death induced by various metal cations in cultured human gingival fibroblasts. In Vivo 2010; 24:513-517. [PMID: 20668318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions are released from casting alloys and cause damage to cell structures and local inflammation. However, the cytotoxic mechanism and the type of cell death induced in human gingival fibroblast (HGF) by contact with dental metals have not been well characterized. Here the cytotoxicity of eight metals against HGF was investigated. Cytoxicity of metals against HGF was in the following order: Ag(NH(3))(2)F (most cytotoxic)>AgCl>CuCl(2)>CuCl, CoCl(2)> NiCl(2)>FeCl(2), FeCl(3) (least cytotoxic). None of the metals showed any apparent hormetic growth stimulation at lower concentrations, except for Ag(NH(3))(2)F at 20 or higher population-doubling level of HGF. The sensitivity of HGF against Ag(NH(3))(2)F was reduced during in vitro aging, similar to previous report with sodium fluoride. Contact with Ag(NH(3))(2)F for only one hour induced irreversible cell death, whereas longer duration of contact with AgCl or CuCl(2) was necessary to induce irreversible cell death. These metals induced neither DNA fragmentation nor caspase-3 activation. Pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) and autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine, bafilomycin) did not apparently affect the cytotoxicity of metals, when corrected for the effect of inhibitor alone on growth. We also found that Ag(NH(3))(2)F induced much higher cytotoxicity than AgCl in mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1, possibly inducing necrosis. These data suggest the importance of cautious application of Ag(NH(3))(2)F to the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- René García Contreras
- Dental Research Center (CIEAO), Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of State of Mexico (UAEM), Toluca, Estado de México, México
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Abstract
Following exposure of differentiated neuronal PC12 cells to either t-BHP, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or FeSO4 various kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated leading to oxidative injury. The protective effects of two plant polyphenols, ellagic (EC) and chlorogenic acid (CGA), as well as of two metabolites, caffeic acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA), were investigated in preincubation and coincubation experiments with respect to the following parameters: prevention of cell death, GSH depletion, lipid peroxidation and ROS formation. The polyphenols more efficiently suppressed cytotoxicity and loss of GSH caused by peroxides than by iron, particularly in preincubation. Lipid peroxidation which increased much stronger in response to FeSO4 was counteracted completely by the polyphenols. In case of iron, however, only coincubation was effective. EA and CGA and the metabolites CA and FA showed excellent elimination of ROS induced by all stressors. These findings suggest that two dietary antioxidants, EA and CGA, may have protective properties against oxidative stress induced in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Pavlica
- Institut für Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstr. 16, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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Barrena R, Casals E, Colón J, Font X, Sánchez A, Puntes V. Evaluation of the ecotoxicity of model nanoparticles. Chemosphere 2009; 75:850-7. [PMID: 19264345 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Since society at large became aware of the use of nanomaterials in ever growing quantities in consumer products and their presence in the environment, critical interest in the impact of this emerging technology has grown. The main concern is whether the unknown risks of engineered nanoparticles (NPs), in particular their impact on health and environment, outweighs their established benefits for society. Therefore, a key issue in this field is to evaluate their potential toxicity. In this context we evaluated the effects on plants and microorganisms of model nanoparticles, in particular of a stable metal (Au, 10nm mean diameter), a well-known bactericide (Ag, 2 nm mean diameter) and the broadly used Fe(3)O(4) (7 nm mean diameter). The toxicity of these nanoparticles was assayed using standard toxicity tests. Specifically, germination (cucumber and lettuce), bioluminescent (Photobacterium phosphoreum) and anaerobic toxicity tests were performed. Germination tests were conducted at a NP dose of 62, 100 and 116 microg mL(-1) for Au, Ag, and Fe(3)O(4), respectively. The bioluminscent testing (P. phosphoreum) was conducted at a dose of 28, 45 and 52 microg mL(-1) for Au, Ag, and Fe(3)O(4), respectively. Finally, anaerobic tests were conducted at a NP dose of 10, 16 and 18 microg mL(-1) for Au, Ag, and Fe(3)O(4), respectively. In all cases low or zero toxicity was observed. However, some perturbation of the normal functions with respect to controls in germinating tests was observed, suggesting the necessity for further research in this field. At the same time, the effect of NP-solvents was sometimes more significant than that of the NPs themselves, a point that is of special interest for future nanotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Barrena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Tecnica Superior d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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17
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Mahmoudi M, Simchi A, Milani AS, Stroeve P. Cell toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 336:510-8. [PMID: 19476952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The performance of nanoparticles for biomedical applications is often assessed by their narrow size distribution, suitable magnetic saturation and low toxicity effects. In this work, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with different size, shape and saturation magnetization levels were synthesized via a co-precipitation technique using ferrous salts with a Fe(3+)/Fe(2+) mole ratio equal to 2. A parametric study is conducted, based on a uniform design-of-experiments methodology and a critical polymer/iron mass ratio (r-ratio) for obtaining SPION with narrow size distribution, suitable magnetic saturation, and optimum biocompatibility is identified. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been used as the nanoparticle coating material, owing to its low toxicity. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay is used to investigate the cell biocompatibility/toxicity effects of the samples. From the MTT assay results, it is observed that the biocompatibility of the nanoparticles, based on cell viabilities, can be enhanced by increasing the r-ratio, regardless of the stirring rate. This effect is mainly due to the growth of the particle hydrodynamic size, causing lower cell toxicity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahmoudi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Meyer CJ, Seago JL, Peterson CA. Environmental effects on the maturation of the endodermis and multiseriate exodermis of Iris germanica roots. Ann Bot 2009; 103:687-702. [PMID: 19151041 PMCID: PMC2707867 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Most studies of exodermal structure and function have involved species with a uniseriate exodermis. To extend this work, the development and apoplastic permeability of Iris germanica roots with a multiseriate exodermis (MEX) were investigated. The effects of different growth conditions on MEX maturation were also tested. In addition, the exodermises of eight Iris species were observed to determine if their mature anatomy correlated with habitat. METHODS Plants were grown in soil, hydroponics (with and without a humid air gap) or aeroponics. Roots were sectioned and stained with various dyes to detect MEX development from the root apical meristem, Casparian bands, suberin lamellae and tertiary wall thickenings. Apoplastic permeability was tested using dye (berberine) and ionic (ferric) tracers. KEY RESULTS The root apical meristem was open and MEX development non-uniform. In soil-grown roots, the exodermis started maturing (i.e. Casparian bands and suberin lamellae were deposited) 10 mm from the tip, and two layers had matured by 70 mm. In both hydro- and aeroponically grown roots, exodermal maturation was delayed. However, in areas of roots exposed to an air gap in the hydroponic system, MEX maturation was accelerated. In contrast, maturation of the endodermis was not influenced by the growth conditions. The mature MEX had an atypical Casparian band that was continuous around the root circumference. The MEX prevented the influx and efflux of berberine, but had variable resistance to ferric ions due to their toxic effects. Iris species living in well-drained soils developed a MEX, but species in water-saturated substrates had a uniseriate exodermis and aerenchyma. CONCLUSIONS MEX maturation was influenced by the roots' growth medium. The MEX matures very close to the root tip in soil, but much further from the tip in hydro- and aeroponic culture. The air gap accelerated maturation of the second exodermal layer. In Iris, the type of exodermis was correlated with natural habitat suggesting that a MEX may be advantageous for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J. Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - James L. Seago
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, Oswego, NY 13126, USA
| | - Carol A. Peterson
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Abstract
Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable option for helping to solve a wide range of water quality problems. However, heavy metals adsorbed by substrates would decrease the growth of plants, impair the functions of wetlands and eventually result in a failure of contaminant removal. Typha latifolia L., tolerant to heavy metals, has been widely used for phytoremediation of Pb/Zn mine tailings under waterlogged conditions. This study examined effects of iron as ferrous sulfate (100 and 500 mg/kg) and lead as lead nitrate (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on phosphorus utilization and microbial community structure in a constructed wetland. Wetland plants (T. latifolia) were grown for 8 weeks in rhizobags filled with a paddy soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that both the amount of iron plaque on the roots and phosphorus adsorbed on the plaque decreased with the amount of lead addition. When the ratio of added iron to lead was 1:1, phosphorus utilized by plants was the maximum. Total amount of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs) was 23%-59% higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and methane oxidizing bacteria was also higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil, but opposite was observed for other bacteria and fungi. Based on cluster analysis, microbial communities were mostly controlled by the addition of ferrous sulfate and lead nitrate in rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunqing Zhong
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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Bermejo-Bescós P, Piñero-Estrada E, Villar del Fresno AM. Neuroprotection by Spirulina platensis protean extract and phycocyanin against iron-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:1496-502. [PMID: 18572379 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of Spirulina platensis protean extract and the biliprotein phycocyanin isolated from this microalga, on the activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR, lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity and glutathione levels after the iron induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Iron is one of the most important agents that produce oxidative stress and decline of neuronal functions. S. platensis protean extract and phycocyanin exert the antioxidant activity by protecting the activity of the cellular antioxidant enzymes total GPx, GPx-Se and GR and by increasing reduced glutathione in cells against oxidative stress induced by iron. These results suggested that S. platensis protean extract is a powerful antioxidant through a mechanism related to antioxidant activity, capable of interfering with radical-mediated cell death. S. platensis may be useful in diseases known to be aggravated by reactive oxygen species and in the development of novel treatments for neurodegenerative disorders as long as iron has been implicated in the neuropathology of several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Bermejo-Bescós
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida de la Complutense s/n, Madrid, Spain.
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Olalye MT, Rocha JBT. Commonly used tropical medicinal plants exhibt distinct in vitro antioxidant activities against hepatotoxins in rat liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 58:433-8. [PMID: 17395447 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation in biological systems has been considered as one of the major mechanisms of cell injury in aerobic organisms subjected to oxidation stress. Plants, among other functions, are considered to act as free radical scavengers and as antioxidants. Iron II (Fe(2+)), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and nitropropionic acid stimulate the production of free radicals and lipid peroxidation. In this study, four commonly used tropical medicinal plants (Kigelia africana, Calotropis procera, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Alchornea cordifolia) were studied (in vitro) for their effects on the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) induced by different pro-oxidants (10 microM FeSO(4), 5 microM -sodium SNP and 2mM 3-nitropropionic acid) in rat liver homogenate. All the pro-oxidants significantly increased (P<0.05) the formation of TBARS, which indicates increased lipid peroxidation in the rat liver (in vitro). However, all the plant extracts statistically (P<0.05) reduced the production of TBARS in a concentration-dependent manner in all the tested pro-oxidant-induced oxidative stresses. Alchornea cordifolia appeared to offer the highest protection. The results of the present study suggest that the use of these plants in the treatment of various diseases, especially liver disease, is probably due to their ability to act as antioxidants.
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Sen T, Jana S, Sreetama S, Chatterjee U, Chakrabarti S. Gene-specific oxidative lesions in aged rat brain detected by polymerase chain reaction inhibition assay. Free Radic Res 2007; 41:288-94. [PMID: 17364957 DOI: 10.1080/10715760601083722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An exposure of isolated rat brain genomic DNA to oxidative stress in the form of iron salts (Fe2+) and ascorbate results in gene-specific DNA lesions detectable by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay in which PCR amplification efficiency of the affected genes (e.g. beta-actin and p53) is grossly impaired. Such oxidative DNA lesions are prevented by hydroxyl radical scavengers like mannitol (20 mM) and sodium benzoate (20 mM) or by the antioxidant enzyme catalase (50 microg/ml) present in the incubation mixture during exposure to Fe2+ and ascorbate. When brain DNA isolated from young (4-6 months of age) and aged (20-24 months of age) rats are analyzed similarly by the PCR based method, the amplification levels of beta-actin and p53 genes are noticeably decreased in the case of aged rat indicating an accumulation of gene-specific DNA lesions during brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanusree Sen
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Calcutta, India
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Rogers BS, Symons RCA, Komeima K, Shen J, Xiao W, Swaim ME, Gong YY, Kachi S, Campochiaro PA. Differential sensitivity of cones to iron-mediated oxidative damage. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48:438-45. [PMID: 17197565 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, the hypothesis that increased intraocular levels of iron cause oxidative damage to the retina was tested. METHODS Adult C57BL/6 mice were given an intravitreous injection of saline or 0.10, 0.25, or 0.50 mM FeSO(4). Scotopic electroretinograms (ERGs) were performed 3, 7, and 14 days after injection, and photopic ERGs were performed on day 14. Hydroethidine was used to identify superoxide radicals and lipid peroxidation was visualized by staining for hydroxynonenal (HNE). Retinal cell death was evaluated by TUNEL and measurement of inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness. Levels of rhodopsin and cone-opsin mRNA were measured by quantitative real time RT-PCR. Cone density was assessed by peanut agglutinin staining and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Compared with retinas in saline-injected eyes, retinas from eyes injected with FeSO(4) showed greater fluorescence after intravenous injection of hydroethidine due to superoxide radicals in photoreceptors, greater photoreceptor staining for HNE, a marker of lipid peroxidation, and increased expression of Heme oxygenase 1, an indicator of oxidative stress. ERG b-wave amplitudes were reduced (photopic > scotopic) in FeSO(4)-injected eyes compared with those in saline-injected eyes. Numerous TUNEL-stained nuclei were seen along the outer border of the ONL, the location of cone cell nuclei, at 1 and 2 days after injection of FeSO(4). In FeSO(4)-injected eyes, the thickness of the ONL, but not the INL, was significantly reduced, and 17 days after injection, there were 3.8- and 2.6-fold reductions in the mRNAs for M-cone and S-cone opsin, respectively, whereas there was no significant difference in rhodopsin mRNA. Confocal microscopy of peanut agglutinin-stained sections showed dose-dependent FeSO(4)-induced cone drop out. CONCLUSIONS Increased intraocular levels of FeSO(4) cause oxidative damage to photoreceptors with greater damage to cones than rods. This finding suggests that the oxidative defense system of cones differs from that of rods and other retinal cells, and that cones are more susceptible to damage from the type of oxidative stress imposed by iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Rogers
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Chen J, Kadlubar FF, Chen JZ. DNA supercoiling suppresses real-time PCR: a new approach to the quantification of mitochondrial DNA damage and repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:1377-88. [PMID: 17284464 PMCID: PMC1851651 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a gold standard for quantification of starting amounts of nucleic acids, real-time PCR is increasingly used in quantitative analysis of mtDNA copy number in medical research. Using supercoiled plasmid DNA and mtDNA modified both in vitro and in cancer cells, we demonstrated that conformational changes in supercoiled DNA have profound influence on real-time PCR quantification. We showed that real-time PCR signal is a positive function of the relaxed forms (open circular and/or linear) rather than the supercoiled form of DNA, and that the conformation transitions mediated by DNA strand breaks are the main basis for sensitive detection of the relaxed DNA. This new finding was then used for sensitive detection of structure-mediated mtDNA damage and repair in stressed cancer cells, and for accurate quantification of total mtDNA copy number when all supercoiled DNA is converted into the relaxed forms using a prior heat-denaturation step. The new approach revealed a dynamic mtDNA response to oxidative stress in prostate cancer cells, which involves not only early structural damage and repair but also sustained copy number reduction induced by hydrogen peroxide. Finally, the supercoiling effect should raise caution in any DNA quantification using real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada and Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Fred F. Kadlubar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada and Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Junjian Z. Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada and Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 514 934 1934 x 44601(o); Fax: +1 514 934 8261;
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Lykkesfeldt J, Morgan E, Christen S, Skovgaard LT, Moos T. Oxidative stress and damage in liver, but not in brain, of fischer 344 rats subjected to dietary iron supplementation with lipid-soluble [(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl)ferrocene]. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2007; 21:145-55. [PMID: 17623885 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of iron probably predisposes the aging brain to progressive neuronal loss. We examined various markers of oxidative stress and damage in the brain and liver of 3- and 24-month-old rats following supplementation with the lipophilic iron derivative [(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl)ferrocene] (TMHF), which is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. At both ages, iron concentration increased markedly in the liver but failed to increase in the brain. In the liver of TMHF-treated young rats, levels of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols and glutathione (GSH) were also higher. In contrast, the brain displayed unaltered levels of the tocopherols and GSH. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was also higher in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the liver but not in the brain. In old rats, the absence of an increase in iron concentration in the brain was reflected by unaltered concentrations of GSH, tocopherols, and MDA as compared to that in untreated rats. In the aging liver, concentrations of GSH and MDA increased with TMHF treatment. Morphological studies revealed unaltered levels of iron, ferritin, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nitrotyrosine (NT), or MDA in the brains of both young and old rats treated with TMHF. In contrast, TMHF treatment increased the level of HO-1 in Kupffer cells, NT in hepatic endothelial cells, and MDA and ferritin in hepatocytes. Although these results demonstrated an increase in the biochemical markers of oxidative stress and damage in response to increasing concentrations of iron in the liver, they also demonstrated that the brain is well protected against dietary iron overload by using iron in a lipid-soluble formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Section of Biomedicine, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Iron is potentially toxic to oligodendrocyte progenitors due to its high intracellular levels and its ability to catalyse oxidant-producing reactions. Oxidative stress resulting from a hypoxic-ischaemic insult has been implicated in death of oligodendrocyte progenitors that occurs in the hypomyelinating disorder periventricular leucomalacia. Ischaemic insults induce the release of various neurotransmitters, including dopamine (DA), and we previously showed that DA is toxic to cultured oligodendrocytes, by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, we investigated the role of iron in DA-induced cell death in oligodendrocyte progenitors. Intracellular iron levels were altered using an iron chelator, deferoxamine (DFO), and supplementation with ferrous sulphate (FeSO(4)). Addition of FeSO(4) to cultures increased DA-induced toxicity as assessed by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and cellular release of lactate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, FeSO(4) increased expression of the stress protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear condensation and caspase-3 activation. In contrast, preincubation with DFO reduced these events as well as cleavage of alpha-spectrin, a caspase-3 substrate. In addition, FeSO(4) reversed the protective effect of DFO on DA-induced cytotoxicity, HO-1 expression and caspase-3 activation. These results indicate that elevated levels of free iron contribute to DA-induced toxicity in oligodendrocyte progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hemdan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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27
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Vasil'eva SV, Moshkovskaia EI, Terekhov AS, Sanina NA, Aldoshin SM. [The genetic activity of NO-containing agents is regulated by complex formation with intracellular iron]. Genetika 2006; 42:904-11. [PMID: 16915920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This work is a part of a directional search for new crystal donors of nitric oxide (NO), which are promising for complex chemotherapy. The relationships between the physico-chemical properties of NO donors, their genotoxic and mutagenic activities, and the dependence on intracellular iron were studied. New crystal NO donors (di- and trinitrosyl iron complexes with synthetic ligands) were examined for the first time and compared with known NO donors containing natural ligands. All but one compound induced expression of the Escherichia coli sfiA gene belonging to the SOS regulon and exerted a mutagenic effect on Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. These effects were fully or significantly inhibited by the iron(II)-chelating agent o-phenanthrolin, depending on the mono- or binuclear structure of the ligands. The rate of donating free NO in solution did not positively correlate with the genotoxic activity of the crystal NO donors. The genetic activity of all NO donors proved to depend on intracellular iron.
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Biot C, Daher W, Chavain N, Fandeur T, Khalife J, Dive D, De Clercq E. Design and synthesis of hydroxyferroquine derivatives with antimalarial and antiviral activities. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2845-9. [PMID: 16640347 DOI: 10.1021/jm0601856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Three ferroquine (FQ) derivatives, closely mimicking the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), have been prepared. Whereas these organometallic compounds provide the expected reduced cytotoxic effects compared to FQ, they inhibit in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum far better than chloroquine (CQ). Moreover, this new class of bioorganometallic compounds exert antiviral effects with some selectivity toward SARS-CoV infection. These new drugs may offer an interesting alternative for Asia where SARS originated and malaria has remained endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Biot
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - UMR CNRS 8181, ENSCL, Bâtiment C7, USTL, B.P. 90108, 59652 Villeneuve d' Ascq Cedex, France.
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Jewell CM, Hays ME, Kondo Y, Abbott NL, Lynn DM. Ferrocene-containing cationic lipids for the delivery of DNA: Oxidation state determines transfection activity. J Control Release 2006; 112:129-38. [PMID: 16529838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability of two redox-active, ferrocene-containing cationic lipids [11-(ferrocenylundecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (FTMA) and bis(11-ferrocenylundecyl)dimethylammonium bromide (BFDMA)] to transfect mammalian cells was investigated. This study sought to determine the range of conditions over which these lipids were capable of transfecting cells and whether the oxidation state of the ferrocenyl groups in these materials could be used to influence the extent of transfection. Experiments conducted in the COS-7 cell line demonstrated that reduced and oxidized FTMA were substantially cytotoxic and did not transfect cells. Subsequent experiments conducted using BFDMA and reporter plasmids encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and firefly luciferase demonstrated that BFDMA was able to transfect cells. However, the extent of transfection depended significantly upon both the concentration of BFDMA and the oxidation state of the lipid. Quantitative characterization of cytotoxicity and gene expression demonstrated that a window of concentration existed over which reduced BFDMA was non-cytotoxic and yielded high levels of transfection, but over which electrochemically oxidized BFDMA yielded very low (background) levels of transfection. Characterization of lipoplexes using dynamic light scattering demonstrated that reduced and oxidized BFDMA formed small aggregates (ca. 90 to 250nm) at concentrations of lipid ranging from 2 to 10 microM. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the oxidation state of BFDMA, which can be controlled electrochemically, can be used to control the extent of cell transfection. These results could form the basis of transfection procedures that exploit the redox behavior of ferrocene-containing lipids to achieve active spatial and temporal control over transfection using electrochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Jewell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1607, USA
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30
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Bao YM, An LJ. Protective effect of protocatechuic acid from Alpinia oxyphylla on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative PC12 cell death. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 538:73-9. [PMID: 16678817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Revised: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA), a phenolic compound isolated from the kernels of Alpinia oxyphylla, on hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in cultured PC12 cells were investigated. Exposure of PC12 cells to 0.4 mM H(2)O(2) induced a leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and decreased cell viability denoted by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. PCA increased PC12 cellular viability and markedly attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner. By flow cytometric analysis, PCA showed its significant effect on protecting PC12 cells against H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis. In these cells, the levels of glutathione (GSH) and activity of catalase were augmented, while glutathione peroxidase activity remained unchanged. In addition, PCA also protected against cell damage induced by H(2)O(2) and Fe(2+), which generated hydroxyl radicals (OH) by the Fenton reaction. These results suggest that PCA may be a candidate chemical for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative disease.
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Franke SIR, Prá D, Giulian R, Dias JF, Yoneama ML, da Silva J, Erdtmann B, Henriques JAP. Influence of orange juice in the levels and in the genotoxicity of iron and copper. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:425-35. [PMID: 16263202 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2004] [Revised: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
World consumption of natural juices is increasing as a consequence of the human search for a healthier life. The juice production industry, especially for orange juice, is expanding in several countries and particularly in Brazil. Despite scientific data reporting beneficial properties derived from juice consumption, some components of juices have been identified as mutagenic or carcinogenic. Carcinogenic or genotoxic effects may be mediated by the interaction of juice components with transition metals or by sub-products of juice auto-oxidation. In this study, the mutagenic potential of orange juice and two metallic agents used in dietary supplementation, FeSO(4) and CuSO(4), were investigated using the comet assay in mouse blood cells (in vivo). Both metal compounds were genotoxic for eukaryotic cells after 24h treatment at the doses used. Significant damage repair was observed after 48h of treatment with the same compounds. Orange juice had a modulating effect on the action of metallic sulfates. In the case of iron treatment, the presence of the orange juice had a preventive, but not restorative, effect. On the other hand, in the case of copper treatment, the effects were both preventive and restorative. PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) analysis indicated a positive correlation between DNA damage and the hepatic levels of iron and a negative correlation between whole blood copper and DNA damage. A negative correlation between hepatic iron and whole blood copper content was also seen in the treatment with both ferrous and cupric sulfates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Isabel Rech Franke
- Curso de Nutrição, Departamento de Educação Física e Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, UNISC, RS, Brazil
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Tong Y, Zhang G, Li Y, Tan M, Wang W, Chen J, Hwu Y, Hsu PC, Je JH, Margaritondo G, Song W, Jiang R, Jiang Z. Synchrotron microradiography study on acute lung injury of mouse caused by PM(2.5) aerosols. Eur J Radiol 2006; 58:266-72. [PMID: 16427755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate FeSO(4), ZnSO(4) (the two of main metal compositions of Shanghai PM(2.5) (particle matter with those aerodynamical diameter <2.5 microm)) effects on acute lung injury, six solutions contained PM(2.5) aerosol particles, FeSO(4), ZnSO(4) and their mixtures were instilled intratracheally into mouse lungs for experiment. By 2 days after instillation, the live mice were checked in vivo by synchrotron refractive index microradiography. In addition after extracted and examined by dissection, the right lobes of lung were fixed by formalin, then imaged by synchrotron microradiography again. Corresponding parts of those lung tissues were embedded in paraffin for histopathologic study. The synchrotron X-ray microradiographs of live mouse lung showed different lung texture changes after instilled with different toxic solutions. Hemorrhage points in lung were observed more from those mice instilled by FeSO(4) contained toxin solutions groups. Bronchial epithelial hyperplasia can be observed in ZnSO(4) contained solution-instilled groups from histopathologic analysis. It was found that the acute lung injury of mice caused by solution of PM(2.5)+FeSO(4)+ZnSO(4) was more serious than other toxin solutions. Results suggested that FeSO(4) mainly induced hemorrhage and ZnSO(4) mainly induced inflammation and bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia in the early toxicological effects of PM(2.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Tong
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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Sompol P, Xu Y, Ittarat W, Daosukho C, St Clair D. NF-kappaB-associated MnSOD induction protects against beta-amyloid-induced neuronal apoptosis. J Mol Neurosci 2006; 29:279-88. [PMID: 17085785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial primary antioxidant enzyme, is protective against various paradigms of oxidative stress-induced brain injury. We have shown previously that the presence of an intronic nuclear factor site, kappaB (NF-kappaB), in the MnSOD gene is essential for the induction of MnSOD by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). However, whether activation of NF-kappaB is protective against oxidative stress-induced neuronal injury is unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that TNF-alpha activates NF-kappaB activity in neuronal, SH-SY5Y, cells and preferentially enhances the binding of p50 and p65 to the promoter/enhancer regions of the MnSOD gene. Binding of NF-kappaB members to the MnSOD gene leads to the induction of MnSOD mRNA and protein levels. Consequently, induction of MnSOD by TNF-alpha primes neuronal cells to develop resistance against subsequent exposure to beta-amyloid and FeSO(4). Taken together, these results suggest that NF-kappaB might exert its protective function by induction of MnSOD leading to subsequent protection against oxidative stress-induced neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradoldej Sompol
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Kowalski K, Zakrzewski J, Long NJ, Suwaki N, Mann DJ, White AJP. Synthesis, structure and assessment of the cytotoxic properties of 2,5-dimethylazaferrocenyl phosphonates. Dalton Trans 2006:571-6. [PMID: 16402143 DOI: 10.1039/b510445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of lithiated 2,5-dimethylazaferrocene 1 with diethyl chlorophosphate proceeds to give lateral and ring phosphonate products. The products 2 and 3 were characterized by spectroscopic (1H, 31P{1H} NMR, MS, IR) methods and 3 was treated with W(CO)5(thf) to form a crystalline W(CO)5-complex 4 which was characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The new 2,5-dimethylazaferrocenyl phosphonates were transformed into the corresponding N-methyl iodide salts 5 and 6 in quantitative yields. Both salts are water soluble and stable compounds and an analysis of their cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activity was carried out. Compound 6 possesses anti-metabolic activity which exhibited some preference towards the cancerous HeLa cell line over the non-cancerous NIH 3T3 cell line. These new compounds are the first examples of azaferrrocene (i.e. non-ferrocene) derivatives featuring biologically important phosphonate groups. The preliminary studies into cytotoxic activity indicates that as with ferrocene, azaferrocene can also be regarded as a potential source for organometallic anticancer agents, featuring the iron centre in the +2 oxidation state rather than the often utilized ferrocenium +3 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kowalski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Narutowicza 68, 90-136, Łódź, Poland
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Wan JL, Zhai HQ, Wan JM. Mapping of QTLS for ferrous iron toxicity tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2005; 32:1156-66. [PMID: 16318281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ferrous iron toxicity is the main factor limiting the productivity of rice in gleyic paddy soils. In this study, an F2 and an equivalent F3 populations derived from a japonica/indica cross of rice, Longza8503/IR64, were raised under iron-enriched solution cultures, and used to map QTLs controlling ferrous iron toxicity tolerance. A genetic linkage map consisting of 101 SSR markers was constructed to determine the position and nature of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting Fe2+ toxicity tolerance. Three characters, i.e., leaf bronzing index (LBI), plant height (PH) and maximum root length (MRL) were evaluated for the F2 plants and F3 lines and the parents at the seedling stage in nutrient solution. A total of 20 QTLs for LBI, PH and MRL under the Fe2+ stress were detected over 10 of the 12 rice chromosomes, reflecting multigenic control of these traits. QTLs controlling LBI were located at the region of RM315-RM212 on chromosome 1, RM6-RM240 on chromosome 2 and RM252-RM451 on chromosome 4. Compared with other mapping results: (1) the QTL for LBI located at the region of RM252-RM451 on chromosome 4 was identical with the QTL for decreased chlorophyll content on a rice function map. Another QTL for LBI located at the region of RM315-RM212 on chromosome 1 was linked with the QTL for chlorophyll content which located at the region of C178-R2635 on a rice function map. (2) The third QTL for LBI located at the region of RM6-RM240 on choromosome 2 was linked with the QTL for potassium uptake located at the region of RZ58-CDO686 under potassium deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Serbecic N, Beutelspacher SC. Vitamins inhibit oxidant-induced apoptosis of corneal endothelial cells. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2005; 49:355-62. [PMID: 16187034 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-005-0209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effects of vitamins A, C, and E supplementation on lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in corneal endothelial cells. METHODS Murine corneal endothelial cells were maintained in tissue culture medium supplemented with free iron ions, known to lead to increased lipid peroxidation. The concentration of antioxidative vitamins (ascorbic acid, tocopherol, and retinoic acid) in the cells and supernatant was determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Apoptosis was assessed by quantification of caspase-3-like activity, using annexin-V/propidium iodide stains for flow cytometry. Lipid peroxidation was assessed using the malondialdehyde method. Supplementation of antioxidative vitamins was tested in the setting of apoptosis. RESULTS Increasing levels of free iron led to a rapid loss of antioxidative vitamins in the supernatant and corneal endothelial cells. This was correlated with rising levels of malondialdehyde and increased apoptosis. Supplementation with ascorbic acid or alpha-tocopherol alone was not sufficient to prevent lipid peroxidation in the cells, whereas a combination of vitamins C and E was able to do so. In contrast, supplementation with vitamin A alone significantly reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS We present an in vitro model to test the direct influence of vitamin supplementation on corneal endothelial cells with regard to lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. We show that supplementation with antioxidative vitamins of corneal endothelial cells significantly prevents the generation of free-radical injury, lipid peroxidation, and consequent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Serbecic
- Department of Ophthalmology, SMZ-Ost, Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
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Matsushima S, Tsuchiya N, Fujisawa-Imura K, Fujisawa-Imura K, Hoshimoto M, Takasu N, Torii M, Ozaki K, Narana I, Kotani T. Ultrastructural and morphometrical evaluation of the parathyroid gland in iron-lactate-overloaded rats. Toxicol Pathol 2005; 33:533-9. [PMID: 16048848 DOI: 10.1080/01926230591034438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Iron lactate was given to Sprague-Dawley rats intravenously at the dosage of 10 mg/kg/day and the early effects on the parathyroid gland were examined ultrastructurally along with the blood level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) after single, 3-day or 6-day administration. Blood levels of electrolytes and other parameters related to osteoclast dynamics were also measured by blood chemistry and histopathology. The plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was elevated in the single and 3-day dosing group but was reduced in the 6-day dosing group. Histopathologically, an increase of osteoclasts in the primary spongiosa was observed in the 3- and 6-day dosing groups. Image analysis of the parathyroid gland revealed that the average area of the storage granule decreased during a experimental period, with the number of storage granules decreasing in the 3- and 6-day dosing group. The chief cells of the parathyroid gland were moderately atrophied in the 6-day dosing group. These results demonstrate that iron lactate immediately promotes discharge of PTH from the storage granules after the treatment and induces an increase of osteoclasts in the primary spongiosa. The findings collectively suggest a pathophysiological mechanism of iron lactate-induced osteopenia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuuichi Matsushima
- Pathology Section, Drug Safety Evaluation, Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
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Sokolova TV, Furaev VV, Viktorov IV, Andreeva NA, Avrova NF. [Improving of the rat brain neurons and PC12 neuronal cells survival by gangliosides under oxidative stress]. Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol 2005; 41:332-8. [PMID: 16124511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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Pardo Andreu G, Delgado R, Velho J, Inada NM, Curti C, Vercesi AE. Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) inhibits Fe2+-citrate-induced lipoperoxidation in isolated rat liver mitochondria. Pharmacol Res 2005; 51:427-35. [PMID: 15749457 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The extract of Mangifera indica L. (Vimang) is able to prevent iron mediated mitochondrial damage by means of oxidation of reduced transition metals required for the production of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and direct free radical scavenging activity. In this study we report for the first time the iron-complexing ability of Vimang as a primary mechanism for protection of rat liver mitochondria against Fe2+ -citrate-induced lipoperoxidation. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and antimycin A-insensitive oxygen consumption were used as quantitative measures of lipoperoxidation. Vimang at 10 microM mangiferin concentration equivalent induced near-full protection against 50 microM Fe2+ -citrate-induced mitochondrial swelling and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi). The IC50 value for Vimang protection against Fe2+ -citrate-induced mitochondrial TBARS formation (7.89+/-1.19 microM) was around 10 times lower than that for tert-butylhydroperoxide mitochondrial induction of TBARS formation. The extract also inhibited the iron citrate induction of mitochondrial antimycin A-insensitive oxygen consumption, stimulated oxygen consumption due to Fe2+ autoxidation and prevented Fe3+ ascorbate reduction. The extracted polyphenolic compound, mainly mangiferin, could form a complex with Fe2+, accelerating Fe2+ oxidation and the formation of more stable Fe3+ -polyphenol complexes, unable to participate in Fenton-type reactions and lipoperoxidation propagation phase. The strong DPPH radical scavenging activity with an apparent IC50 of 2.45+/-0.08 microM suggests that besides its iron-complexing capacity, Vimang could also protect mitochondria from Fe2+ -citrate lipoperoxidation through direct free radical scavenging ability, mainly lipoperoxyl and alcoxyl radicals, acting as both a chain-breaking and iron-complexing antioxidant. These results are of pharmacological relevance since Vimang could be a potential candidate for antioxidant therapy in diseases related to abnormal intracellular iron distribution or iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Pardo Andreu
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brasil.
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García-Santos G, Herrera F, Martín V, Rodriguez-Blanco J, Antolín I, Fernández-Marí F, Rodriguez C. Antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects of zolpidem and several synthesis intermediates. Free Radic Res 2005; 38:1289-99. [PMID: 15763953 DOI: 10.1080/10715760400017343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Structural relationship between the antioxidant melatonin and the non-benzodiazepine hypnotic zolpidem (ZPD) suggests possible direct antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of this compound. In the present work, these effects were analyzed for zolpidem and four of its synthesis intermediates. In vitro assays include lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation studies in liver and brain homogenates. Intracellular antioxidant effects were analyzed by evaluation of free radical formation prevention in HT-22 hippocampal cells treated with glutamate 10mM and measured by flow cytometer DCF fluorescence. The neuroprotective effect of these compounds was evaluated as neuronal death prevention of HT-22 cells treated with the same concentration of glutamate. Zolpidem was found to prevent induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver and brain homogenates showing figures similar to melatonin, although it failed to prevent protein oxidation. ZPD-I was the most effective out of the several zolpidem intermediates studied as it prevented lipid peroxidation with an efficiency higher than melatonin or zolpidem and with an effectiveness similar to estradiol and trolox. ZPD-I prevents protein oxidation, which trolox is known to be unable to prevent. When cellular experiments were undertaken, ZPD-I prevented totally the increase of intracellular free radicals induced by glutamate 10mM in culture medium for 12h, while zolpidem and ZPD-III partially prevented this increase. Also the three compounds protected hippocampal neurons from glutamate-induced death in the same conditions, being their comparative efficacy, ZPD-III > ZPD-I = ZPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo García-Santos
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/Julian Clavería, Oviedo, Spain
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Schümann K, Kroll S, Weiss G, Frank J, Biesalski HK, Daniel H, Friel J, Solomons NW. Monitoring of hematological, inflammatory and oxidative reactions to acute oral iron exposure in human volunteers: preliminary screening for selection of potentially-responsive biomarkers. Toxicology 2005; 212:10-23. [PMID: 15963385 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2005.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Revised: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is an essential micronutrient but also a major catalyst of oxidative and inflammatory reactions. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential utility of selected biomarkers in blood or urine to indicate in vivo oxidative or inflammatory response to oral iron intake at pharmacological doses. METHODS Three healthy volunteers provided morning, fasting samples of blood and urine on up to 13 study days--3 before, 7 during and 3 following a 7-consecutive-day period of receiving 120 mg of iron per day as ferrous sulfate in commercially available syrup. A series of 23 biomarkers were measured on each collection of biological fluids to monitor iron-responsive changes in biomarkers related to hematological or iron status, inflammation and in vivo oxidation. RESULTS Among the inflammatory biomarkers measured, white blood cells, serum CRP and urinary neopterin showed no response to iron dosing. Only circulating interleukin-4 (IL-4) and TNF-alpha had abnormal responses with a time association to the oral iron intake. Among the oxidative biomarkers, expression of blood superoxide dismutase (SOD), hemoxygenase-1, catalase as well as circulating thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total oxidative capacity and carbonyl proteins were stable in response to iron exposure. Only urinary TBARS, 8-hydroxy-2-desoxyguanosine and isoprostanes evidenced consistent or suggestive responses to ingestion of the iron challenge. Serum hepcidin concentration increased dramatically in all three subjects after only the first 120 mg dose of iron, and remained elevated even 9 days after cessation of the iron intervention. CONCLUSIONS Most of the candidate biomarkers show very limited promise as response-indicators to oral iron dosing at the 120 mg dosages or lower, but circulating IL-4, TNF-alpha as well as urinary TBARS, 8-hydroxy-2-desoxyguanosine and isoprostanes showed potential utility as reliable indicators of oxidative and inflammatory response to oral ferrous sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schümann
- Zentralinstitut für Ernährung und Lebensmittelforschung, Abteilung Biochemie der TUM, Am Forum 5, D-85350 Freising/Weihenstephan, Germany.
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Fujimori H, Ozaki K, Matsuura T, Matsushima S, Narama I, Pan-Hou H. Effect of iron lactate overloading on adenine nucleotide levels and adenosine 3'-monophosphate forming enzyme in rat liver and spleen. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 27:1371-5. [PMID: 15340221 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the pathophysiological significance of adenosine 3'-monophosphate (3'-AMP) forming enzyme in rats, the effect of iron lactate overloading on the enzyme activities and adenine nucleotide levels in the liver and spleen was examined. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet supplemented with 0%, 0.625% or 5.0% of iron lactate for 4 weeks. Iron deposition was found in periportal hepatocytes, Kupffer cells and macrophages of red pulp of the spleen. No significant changes in hematological parameters were detected. Although serum alkaline phosphatase and inorganic phosphorus levels elevated slightly in the 5.0% group, activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and levels of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine were not changed significantly. The ATP levels in the liver and spleen of iron fed groups were significantly decreased, but adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) levels were within control levels. On the other hand, the levels of ATP, ADP and AMP in the erythrocytes without mitochondria were not suppressed by the iron lactate overloading. Free activity of 3'-AMP forming enzyme, one of ribonucleases (RNase), was not changed in the liver of iron-overloaded rat, and total amount of 3'-AMP and adenosine formed after the treatment of the crude enzyme(s) with p-chloromercuribenzensulfonic acid, a SH blocker of RNase inhibitors, was decreased dose-dependently. On the contrary, free activity of 3'-AMP forming enzyme was enhanced dose-dependently in the spleen of iron-overloaded rat but the total activity was not changed. However, the free and total 3'-AMP forming enzyme activities in the liver and spleen of iron-overloaded rats became equal at the dosage of 5.0% of iron lactate. The results obtained suggested that iron loading might induce significant decrease in hepatic and splenic ATP levels via malfunction of their mitochondria and might lead dissociation of RNase-RNase inhibitor complex to activate 3'-AMP forming enzyme in both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Fujimori
- Department of Analytical Chemistry in Hygiene, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.
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Hou MH, Wang AHJ. Mithramycin forms a stable dimeric complex by chelating with Fe(II): DNA-interacting characteristics, cellular permeation and cytotoxicity. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:1352-61. [PMID: 15741187 PMCID: PMC552963 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gki276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mith (mithramycin) forms a 2:1 stoichiometry drug–metal complex through the chelation with Fe(II) ion as studied using circular dichroism spectroscopy. The binding affinity between Mith and Fe(II) is much greater than other divalent metal ions, including Mg(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Mn(II). The [(Mith)2–Fe(II)] complex binds to DNA and induces a conformational change of DNA. Kinetic analysis of surface plasmon resonance studies revealed that the [(Mith)2–Fe(II)] complex binds to DNA duplex with higher affinity compared with the [(Mith)2–Mg(II)] complex. A molecular model of the Mith-DNA–Metal(II) complex is presented. DNA-break assay showed that the [(Mith)2–Fe(II)] complex was capable of promoting the one-strand cleavage of plasmid DNA in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Intracellular Fe(II) assays and fluorescence microscopy studies using K562 indicated that this dimer complex maintains its structural integrity and permeates into the inside of K562 cells, respectively. The [(Mith)2–Fe(II)] complex exhibited higher cytotoxicity than the drug alone in some cancer cell lines, probably related to its higher DNA-binding and cleavage activity. Evidences obtained in this study suggest that the biological effects caused by the [(Mith)2–Fe(II)] complex may be further explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hon Hou
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia SinicaTaipei, 115 Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, 106 Taiwan
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien UniversityTaipei, 104 Taiwan
| | - Andrew H.-J. Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia SinicaTaipei, 115 Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, 106 Taiwan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +886 2 27881981; Fax: +886 2 27882043;
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Lyzeń R, Wegrzyn G. Sensitivity of dark mutants of various strains of luminescent bacteria to reactive oxygen species. Arch Microbiol 2005; 183:203-8. [PMID: 15717160 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-005-0764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2004] [Revised: 01/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that bioluminescence of the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi may both stimulate DNA repair and contribute to detoxification of deleterious oxygen derivatives. Therefore, it was also proposed that these reactions can be considered biological roles of bacterial luminescence and might act as evolutionary drives in development of luminous systems. However, experimental evidence for the physiological role of luciferase in protection of cells against oxidative stress has been demonstrated only in one bacterial species, raising the question whether this is a specific or a more general phenomenon. Here we demonstrate that in the presence of various oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide and ferrous ions) growth of dark mutants of different strains of Vibrio fischeri and Photobacterium leiognathi is impaired relative to wild-type bacteria, though to various extents. Deleterious effects of oxidants on the mutants could be reduced (with different efficiency) by addition of antioxidants, A-TEMPO or 4OH-TEMPO. These results support the hypotheses that (1) activities of bacterial luciferases may detoxify deleterious oxygen derivatives, and (2) significantly different efficiencies of this reaction are characteristic for various luciferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lyzeń
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
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Pifl C, Khorchide M, Kattinger A, Reither H, Hardy J, Hornykiewicz O. alpha-Synuclein selectively increases manganese-induced viability loss in SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells expressing the human dopamine transporter. Neurosci Lett 2004; 354:34-7. [PMID: 14698476 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The established or potentially toxic agents implicated in the nigral cell death in Parkinson's disease, dopamine, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), iron, and manganese, were examined as to their effects on the viability of cells overexpressing alpha-synuclein. SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells stably expressing the human dopamine transporter were transfected with human alpha-synuclein and cell clones with and without alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity were obtained. Cells were exposed for 24-72 h to 1-10 microM dopamine, 0.1-3 microM MPP(+), 0.1-1 mM FeCl(2) or 30-300 microM MnCl(2) added to the culture medium. There was no difference between cells expressing alpha-synuclein and control cells after exposure to dopamine, MPP(+) or FeCl(2). However, MnCl(2) resulted in a significantly stronger decreased viability of cells overexpressing alpha-synuclein after 72 h. These findings suggest that manganese may co-operate with alpha-synuclein in triggering neuronal cell death such as seen in manganese parkinsonism. The relevance of our observations for the pathoetiology of Parkinson's disease proper remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pifl
- Brain Research Institute, University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Premkumar K, Bowlus CL. Ascorbic acid reduces the frequency of iron induced micronuclei in bone marrow cells of mice. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2003; 542:99-103. [PMID: 14644358 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2003.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Iron is a potent oxidant that can lead to the formation of genotoxic lipid peroxides. Ascorbic acid, which enhances dietary iron absorption, has been suggested to enhance the oxidant effects of iron and to directly lead to the formation of lipid peroxides. The combined effects of dietary iron and ascorbic acid on genotoxicity were investigated by measuring the frequency of micronuclei in the bone marrow cells of C3H/He mice. In addition, liver iron concentration was measured in all treated groups. Three weeks old mice were fed diets for 3 weeks containing iron at 100 or 300 mg/kg diet in the form of FeSO(4) that were supplemented either with or without ascorbic acid (15 g/kg diet). The results of the bone marrow micronucleus test revealed that the high iron diet resulted in an increased frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs) as compared to low iron. Ascorbic acid supplementation in the low iron diet did not show any effect on incidence of MnPCEs and protected against the increased frequency of MnPCEs induced by the high iron diet. However, liver iron concentration was significantly increased only in the high iron treated and ascorbic acid supplemented group as compared to all other groups. These results demonstrate that ascorbic acid protects against the clastogenic effects of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumpati Premkumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Research Building 1, Room 1004, 4635 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Martin FL, Williamson SJM, Paleologou KE, Hewitt R, El-Agnaf OMA, Allsop D. Fe(II)-induced DNA damage in alpha-synuclein-transfected human dopaminergic BE(2)-M17 neuroblastoma cells: detection by the Comet assay. J Neurochem 2003; 87:620-30. [PMID: 14535945 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lewy bodies in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) contain aggregates of alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn). Missense mutations (A53T or A30P) in the gene encoding alpha-syn are responsible for rare, inherited forms of PD. In this study, we explored the susceptibility of untransfected human dopaminergic BE(2)-M17 neuroblastoma cells, cells transfected with vector only, or cells transfected with wild-type alpha-syn, A30P alpha-syn or A53T alpha-syn to Fe(II)-induced DNA damage in the form of single-strand breaks (SSBs). DNA SSBs were detected following 2-h treatments with various concentrations of Fe(II) (0.01-100.0 microm), using the alkaline single cell-gel electrophoresis ('Comet') assay and quantified by measuring comet tail length (CTL) microm). Fe(II) treatment induced significant increases in CTL in cells transfected with A30P alpha-syn or A53T alpha-syn, even at the lowest concentrations of Fe(II) tested. In comparison, untransfected cells, vector control cells or cells transfected with wild-type alpha-syn exhibited increases in SSBs only when exposed to concentrations of 1.0 microm Fe(II) and above. Even when exposed to higher concentrations (10.0-100.0 microm) of Fe(II), untransfected cells, vector control cells or cells transfected with wild-type alpha-syn were less susceptible to DNA-damage induction than cells transfected with A30P alpha-syn or A53T alpha-syn. Incorporation of DNA-repair inhibitors, hydroxyurea and cytosine arabinoside, enhanced the sensitivity of DNA damage detection. Susceptibility to Fe(II)-induced DNA damage appeared to be dependent on alpha-syn status because cells transfected with wild-type alpha-syn or A53T alpha-syn were equally susceptible to the damaging effects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor rotenone. Overall, our data are suggestive of an enhanced susceptibility to the toxic effects of Fe(II) in neuroblastoma cells transfected with mutant alpha-syn associated with inherited forms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis L Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, I.E.N.S., Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
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Wan JL, Zhai HQ, Wan JM, Yasui H, Yoshimura A. Mapping QTL for traits associated with resistance to ferrous iron toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.), using japonica chromosome segment substitution lines. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2003; 30:893-8. [PMID: 14669504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
A mapping population of 66 japonica chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) in indica genetic background, derived from a cross between a japonica variety Asominori and an indica variety IR24 by the single-seed descent, backcrossing and marker-assisted selection, was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for leaf bronzing index (LBI), stem dry weight (SDW), plant height (PH), root length (RL) and root dry weight (RDW) under Fe2+ stress condition in rice. Two parents and 66 japonica CSSLs were phenotyped for the traits by growing them in Fe2+ toxicity nutrient solution. A total of fourteen QTLs were detected on chromosome 3, 6, 7, 9, 11 and 12, respectively, with LOD of QTLs ranging from 2.72 to 6.63. Three QTLs controlling LBI were located at the region of C515-XNpb279, R2638-C1263 and G1465-C950 on chromosome 3, 9 and 11, their contributions to whole variation were 16.45%, 11.16% and 28.02%, respectively. Comparing with the other mapping results, the QTL for LBI located at the region of C515-XNpb279 on chromosome 3 was identical with the QTL for chlorophyll content on a rice function map. The results indicated that ferrous iron toxicity of rice is characterized by bronzing spots on the lower leaves, which spread over the whole leaves, causing the lower leaves to turn dark gray and to product chlorophyll catabolites or derivatives which reduce cytotoxicity of some heavy metals, such as ferrous iron. Furthermore, the QTL for LBI, SDW and RDW located at the region of G1465-C950 on chromosome 11 is a major QTL. Whether the QTL for SDW, PH, RL and RDW at the region of XNpb386-XNpb342 on chromosome 6 is associated with resistance to ferrous iron toxicity need further studies. Our goal is to identify breeding materials for resistance to Fe2+ toxicity through marker-assisted selection based on the detected markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Szpilewska H, Czyz A, Wegrzyn G. Experimental Evidence for the Physiological Role of Bacterial Luciferase in the Protection of Cells Against Oxidative Stress. Curr Microbiol 2003; 47:379-82. [PMID: 14669913 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-002-4024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The origin and function of bioluminescence was considered a problematic question of the Charles Darwin theory. Early evolution of bacterial luminescence and its current physiological importance seem to be especially mysterious. Recently, it was proposed that stimulation of DNA repair may be a physiological role for production of light by bacterial cells. On the other hand, it was also proposed that primary role of luminescent systems could be detoxification of the deleterious oxygen derivatives. Although some previous results might suggest that this hypothesis can be correct, until now experimental evidence for such a mechanism operating in bacterial cells and having physiological importance was generally lacking. Here we demonstrate that in the presence of various oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, and ferrous ions) at certain concentrations in the culture medium, growth of Vibrio harveyi mutants luxA and luxB, but not of the mutant luxD, is severely impaired relative to wild-type bacteria. This deleterious effect of oxidants on the mutants luxA and luxB could be significantly reduced by addition of the antioxidants A-TEMPO or 40H-TEMPO. We conclude that bacterial luciferase may indeed play a physiological role in the protection of cells against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Szpilewska
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sw. Wojciecha 5, 81-347 Gdynia, Poland
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Melena J, Osborne NN. Metipranolol attenuates lipid peroxidation in rat brain: a comparative study with other antiglaucoma drugs. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2003; 241:827-33. [PMID: 12898280 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-003-0726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2003] [Revised: 05/20/2003] [Accepted: 05/20/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free radical production seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of a number of ocular diseases. Certain beta-adrenoceptor antagonists display antioxidant properties, but these have not been ascribed to any of the presently used ophthalmic beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Therefore, we examined the influence of ophthalmic beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and other antiglaucoma drugs on stimulated lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates. METHODS Lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates was stimulated by iron/ascorbate or sodium nitroprusside. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS). RESULTS Of the antiglaucoma drugs tested (brimonidine, carteolol, dorzolamide, latanoprost, levobetaxolol, levobunolol, metipranolol, pilocarpine, timolol, travoprost and unoprostone), only metipranolol and its active metabolite, desacetylmetipranolol, were found to significantly reduce iron/ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates with IC50 values of 6.9 and 1.1 microM, respectively. Metipranolol and desacetylmetipranolol also concentration-dependently inhibited sodium nitroprusside-stimulated lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates, displaying IC50 values of 25.1 and 2.6 microM, respectively. CONCLUSION These data indicate that metipranolol and desacetylmetipranolol exhibit remarkable antioxidant properties, with an effect not dissimilar from the reference antioxidant trolox.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Melena
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford, OX2 6AW, UK
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