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Özer Y, Cansever MŞ, Turan H, Bayramoğlu E, Bingöl Aydın D, İşat E, Ceyhun E, Zubarioğlu T, Aktuğlu Zeybek AÇ, Kıykım E, Evliyaoğlu O. Pteridine and tryptophan pathways in children with type 1 diabetes: Isoxanthopterin as an indicator of endothelial dysfunction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 243:116072. [PMID: 38437786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and its complications are known to be associated with oxidative stress. Pteridine derivatives and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity can be used as biomarkers in the evaluation of oxidative stress. In this study, our aim is to compare the concentrations of serum and urinary pteridine derivatives, as well as serum IDO activity, in children and adolescents diagnosed with T1D and those in a healthy control group. METHOD A cross-sectional study was performed and included 93 patients with T1D and 71 healthy children. Serum and urine biopterin, neopterin, monapterin, pterin, isoxanthopterin, and pterin-6-carboxylic acid (6PTC) and serum tryptophan and kynurenine levels were analyzed and compared with healthy controls. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the analysis of pteridine derivatives, tryptophan, and kynurenine. Xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, a marker of oxidative stress, was defined by measurement of serum and urine isoxanthopterin. As an indicator of indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity, the ratio of serum kynurenine/tryptophan was used. RESULTS Serum isoxanthopterin and tryptophan concentrations were increased, and serum 6PTC concentration was decreased in children with T1D (p=0.01, p=0.021, p<0.001, respectively). In children with T1D, IDO activity was not different from healthy controls (p>0.05). Serum neopterin level and duration of diabetes were weakly correlated (p=0.045, r=0.209); urine neopterin/creatinine and isoxanthopterin/creatinine levels were weakly correlated with HbA1c levels (p=0.005, r=0.305; p=0.021, r=0.249, respectively). Urine pterin/creatinine level negatively correlated with body mass index-SDS. (p=0.015, r=-0.208). CONCLUSION We found for the first time that isoxanthopterin levels increased and 6PTC levels decreased in children and adolescents with T1D. Elevated isoxanthopterin levels suggest that the XO activity is increased in TID. Increased XO activity may be an indicator of vascular complications reflecting T1D-related endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Özer
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Şerif Cansever
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Turan
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elvan Bayramoğlu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Bingöl Aydın
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra İşat
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Ceyhun
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tanyel Zubarioğlu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Çiğdem Aktuğlu Zeybek
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Kıykım
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Evliyaoğlu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kotańska M, Łanocha M, Bednarski M, Marcinkowska M. MM165 - A Small Hybrid Molecule Modulates the Kynurenine Pathway and Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Memory Deficits and Inflammation. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1200-1211. [PMID: 38381245 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions are now recognized as core symptoms of various psychiatric disorders e.g., major depressive disorder. Sustained immune activation may leads to cognitive dysfunctions. Proinflammatory cytokines shunt the metabolism of tryptophan towards kynurenine and quinolinic acid may accumulate at toxic concentrations. This acid triggers an increase in neuronal nitric oxide synthase function and promotes oxidative stress. The searching for small molecules that can regulate tryptophan metabolites produced in the kynurenic pathway has become an important goal in developing treatments for various central nervous system diseases with an inflammatory component. Previously we have identified a small hybrid molecule - MM165 which significantly reduces depressive-like symptoms caused by inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide administration. In the present study, we investigated whether this compound would mitigate cognitive deficits induced by lipopolysaccharide administration and whether treatment with it would affect the plasma or brain levels of quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid. Neuroinflammation was induced in rats by administering lipopolysaccharide at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight for 10 days. We conducted two tests: novel object recognition and object location, to assess the effect on memory impairment in animals previously treated with lipopolysaccharide. In plasma collected from rats, the concentrations of C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor alfa were determined. The concentrations of kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid were determined in plasma and homogenates obtained from the cerebral cortex of rats. Interleukin 6 in the cerebral cortex of rats was determined. Additionally, the body and spleen mass and spontaneous activity were measured in rats. Our study shows that MM165 may mitigate cognitive deficits induced by inflammation after administration of lipopolysaccharide and alter the concentrations of tryptophan metabolites in the brain. Compounds exhibiting a mechanism of action analogous to that of MM165 may serve as foundational structures for the development of a new class of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Michał Łanocha
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Marcinkowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
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Sandvig HV, Aam S, Alme KN, Lydersen S, Magne Ueland P, Ulvik A, Wethal T, Saltvedt I, Knapskog AB. Neopterin, kynurenine metabolites, and indexes related to vitamin B6 are associated with post-stroke cognitive impairment: The Nor-COAST study. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:167-177. [PMID: 38428649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We have previously shown that systemic inflammation was associated with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Because neopterin, kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites, and B6 vitamers are linked to inflammation, in our study we investigated whether those biomarkers were associated with PSCI. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Norwegian Cognitive Impairment After Stroke study is a prospective multicenter cohort study of patients with acute stroke recruited from May 2015 through March 2017. Plasma samples of 422 participants (59 % male) with ischemic stroke from the index hospital stay and 3 months post-stroke were available for analyses of neopterin, KP metabolites, and B6 vitamers using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Mixed linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and creatinine, were used to assess whether there were associations between those biomarkers and cognitive outcomes, measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale (MoCA) at 3-, 18-, and 36-month follow-up. RESULTS Participants had a mean (SD) age of 72 (12) years, with a mean (SD) National Institutes of HealthStroke Scale score of 2.7 (3.6) at Day 1. Higher baseline values of quinolinic acid, PAr (i.e., an inflammatory marker based on vitamin B6 metabolites), and HKr (i.e., a marker of functional vitamin B6 status based on selected KP metabolites) were associated with lower MoCA score at 3, 18, and 36 months post-stroke (p < 0.01). Higher baseline concentrations of neopterin and 3-hydroxykynurenine were associated with lower MoCA scores at 18 and 36 months, and higher concentrations of xanthurenic acid were associated with higher MoCA score at 36 months (p < 0.01). At 3 months post-stroke, higher concentrations of neopterin and lower values of pyridoxal 5́-phosphate were associated with lower MoCA scores at 18- and 36-month follow-up, while lower concentrations of picolinic acid were associated with a lower MoCA score at 36 months (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Biomarkers and metabolites of systemic inflammation, including biomarkers of cellular immune activation, indexes of vitamin B6 homeostasis, and several neuroactive metabolites of the KP pathway, were associated with PSCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02650531.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Vihovde Sandvig
- Department of Medicine, Kristiansund Hospital, Møre og Romsdal Hospital Trust, Kristiansund, Norway; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Stina Aam
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Katinka N Alme
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Arve Ulvik
- Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Torgeir Wethal
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Stroke, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingvild Saltvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne-Brita Knapskog
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
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Molfino A, Imbimbo G, Gallicchio C, Muscaritoli M. Tryptophan metabolism and kynurenine metabolites in cancer: systemic nutritional and metabolic implications. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:316-321. [PMID: 38386476 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe the role of Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and Kynurenine (Kyn) metabolites in nutritional and metabolic changes in cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Trp is in part utilized for protein and neurotransmitters biosynthesis, but more than 95% is implicated in Kyn pathways. In this molecular cascade, metabolites are produced with distinct biological activities regulating the immune response and neurotransmission with potential implications in malnutrition/cachexia during cancer. Immune dysfunction is a phenomenon occurring during cancer and malnutrition. Kyn metabolites regulate lymphocytes activity and recent data in animals showed that the inhibition of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) via 1-methyl-tryptophan determines partial amelioration of inflammation, but no positive effects on the preservation of muscularity were observed. Kynurenines seem to contribute to muscle catabolism via NAD+ biosynthesis and ROS generation. Trp metabolism via the serotonin biosynthesis is involved in appetite control in cancer. Moreover, kynurenines have a role in determining fatigue in conditions associated with inflammation. SUMMARY Trp metabolism has implications in immune and energy balance in cancer. The modulation of Trp and kynurenines have impact on central nervous system mechanisms, including appetite, fatigue, and muscle wasting/cachexia. Research focusing on these clinical implications will open new scenario for therapeutic interventions aimed at counteracting nutritional derangements in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Molfino
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Holthuijsen DDB, van Roekel EH, Bours MJL, Ueland PM, Breukink SO, Janssen-Heijnen MLG, Keulen ETP, Gigic B, Gsur A, Meyer K, Ose J, Ulvik A, Weijenberg MP, Eussen SJPM. Longitudinal associations of plasma kynurenines and ratios with anxiety and depression scores in colorectal cancer survivors up to 12 months post-treatment. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 163:106981. [PMID: 38335827 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors often experience neuropsychological symptoms, including anxiety and depression. Mounting evidence suggests a role for the kynurenine pathway in these symptoms due to potential neuroprotective and neurotoxic roles of involved metabolites. However, evidence remains inconclusive and insufficient in cancer survivors. Thus, we aimed to explore longitudinal associations of plasma tryptophan, kynurenines, and their established ratios with anxiety and depression in CRC survivors up to 12 months post-treatment. METHODS In 249 stage I-III CRC survivors, blood samples were collected at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months post-treatment to analyze plasma concentrations of tryptophan and kynurenines using liquid-chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). At the same timepoints, anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Confounder-adjusted linear mixed models were used to analyze longitudinal associations. Sensitivity analyses with false discovery rate (FDR) correction were conducted to adjust for multiple testing. RESULTS Higher plasma tryptophan concentrations were associated with lower depression scores (β as change in depression score per 1 SD increase in the ln-transformed kynurenine concentration: -0.31; 95%CI: -0.56,-0.05), and higher plasma 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid concentrations with lower anxiety scores (-0.26; -0.52,-0.01). A higher 3-hydroxykynurenine ratio (HKr; the ratio of 3-hydroxykynurenine to the sum of kynurenic acid, xanthurenic acid, anthranilic acid, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid) was associated with higher depression scores (0.34; 0.04,0.63) and higher total anxiety and depression scores (0.53; 0.02,1.04). Overall associations appeared to be mainly driven by inter-individual associations, which were statistically significant for tryptophan with depression (-0.60; -1.12,-0.09), xanthurenic acid with total anxiety and depression (-1.04; -1.99,-0.10), anxiety (-0.51; -1.01,-0.01), and depression (-0.56; -1.08,-0.05), and kynurenic-acid-to-quinolinic-acid ratio with depression (-0.47; -0.93,-0.01). In sensitivity analyses, associations did not remain statistically significant after FDR adjustment. CONCLUSION We observed that plasma concentrations of tryptophan, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, xanthurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine ratio, and kynurenic-acid-to-quinolinic-acid ratio tended to be longitudinally associated with anxiety and depression in CRC survivors up to 12 months post-treatment. Future studies are warranted to further elucidate the association of plasma kynurenines with anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle D B Holthuijsen
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Eline H van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn J L Bours
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stéphanie O Breukink
- Department of Surgery, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maryska L G Janssen-Heijnen
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Eric T P Keulen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Zuyderland Medical Centre Sittard-Geleen, Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - Biljana Gigic
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jennifer Ose
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Matty P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Wang Z, Wang CF, Fan H, Bao X, Ashkar F, Li L, Kiang TKL, Wu J. Bioavailability and Metabolism of Bioactive Peptide IRW with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Upregulatory Activity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:8606-8617. [PMID: 38581395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Peptide IRW is the first food-derived angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) upregulator. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of IRW and identify the metabolites contributing to its antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Rats were administered 100 mg of IRW/kg of the body weight via an intragastric or intravenous route. The bioavailability (F %) was determined to be 11.7%, and the half-lives were 7.9 ± 0.5 and 28.5 ± 6.8 min for gavage and injection, respectively. Interestingly, significant blood pressure reduction was not observed until 1.5 h post oral administration, or 2 h post injection, indicating that the peptide's metabolites are likely responsible for the blood pressure-lowering activity. Time-course metabolomics revealed a significant increase in the level of kynurenine, a tryptophan metabolite, in blood after IRW administration. Kynurenine increased the level of ACE2 in cells. Oral administration of tryptophan (W), but not dipeptide IR, lowered the blood pressure and upregulated aortic ACE2 in SHRs. Our study supports the key role of tryptophan and its metabolite, kynurenine, in IRW's blood pressure-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Chu-Fan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Hongbing Fan
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Bao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Ashkar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Tony K L Kiang
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
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Chae SY, Shin H, Woo J, Kang S, Lee SM, Min DH. Metabolic Modulation of Kynurenine Based on Kynureninase-Loaded Nanoparticle Depot Overcomes Tumor Immune Evasion in Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:18490-18502. [PMID: 38573937 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Evading recognition of immune cells is a well-known strategy of tumors used for their survival. One of the immune evasion mechanisms is the synthesis of kynurenine (KYN), a metabolite of tryptophan, which suppresses the effector T cells. Therefore, lowering the KYN concentration can be an efficient antitumor therapy by restoring the activity of immune cells. Recently, kynureninase (KYNase), which is an enzyme transforming KYN into anthranilate, was demonstrated to show the potential to decrease KYN concentration and inhibit tumor growth. However, due to the limited bioavailability and instability of proteins in vivo, it has been challenging to maintain the KYNase concentration sufficiently high in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we developed a nanoparticle system loaded with KYNase, which formed a Biodegradable and Implantable Nanoparticle Depot named 'BIND' following subcutaneous injection. The BIND sustainably supplied KYNase around the TME while located around the tumor, until it eventually degraded and disappeared. As a result, the BIND system enhanced the proliferation and cytokine production of effector T cells in the TME, followed by tumor growth inhibition and increased mean survival. Finally, we showed that the BIND carrying KYNase significantly synergized with PD-1 blockade in three mouse models of colon cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Youl Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seounghun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Hee Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Liu Z, Ma Z, Jin L, Nizhamuding X, Zeng J, Zhang T, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhao H, Zhou W, Zhang C. Altered neopterin and IDO in kynurenine metabolism based on LC-MS/MS metabolomics study: Novel therapeutic checkpoints for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 557:117859. [PMID: 38518968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the alternations of kynurenine pathway (KP) and neopterin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and explored possible differential metabolites. METHODS A fresh residual sera panel was collected from 80 healthy control (HC) individuals and 72 T2DM patients. Metabolites/ratios of interest including tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), kynurenic acid (KA), xanthurenic acid (XA), neopterin (NEO), KA/KYN ratio and KYN/TRP ratio were determined using a targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolomics approach, and the difference between groups was assessed. Supervised orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis and differential metabolite screening with fold change (FC) were performed to identify distinct biomarkers. The diagnostic performance of KP metabolites in T2DM was evaluated. RESULTS Significant decreases of TRP, 5HT, KA, XA, and KA/KYN and increases of KYN/TRP and NEO in T2DM compared to HC group were observed (P < 0.05). The KP metabolites panel significantly changed between T2DM and HC groups (Q2: 0.925, P < 0.005). 5HT (FC: 0.63, P < 0.01) and NEO (FC: 3.27, P < 0.01) were proven to be distinct differential metabolites. A combined testing of fasting plasma glucose and KYN/TRP showed good value in the prediction of T2DM (AUC: 0.904, 95% CI 0.843-0.947). CONCLUSIONS The targeted LC-MS/MS metabolomics study is a powerful tool for evaluating the status of T2DM. This study facilitated the application of KP metabolomics into future clinical practice. 5HT and NEO are promising biomarkers in T2DM. KYN/TRP was highly associated with the development of T2DM and may serve as a potential treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Liu
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zijia Ma
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lizi Jin
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaerbanu Nizhamuding
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jie Zeng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China
| | - Haijian Zhao
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China
| | - Weiyan Zhou
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China.
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, PR China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
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9
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Abad C, Karahoda R, Orbisova A, Kastner P, Heblik D, Kucera R, Portillo R, Staud F. Pathological shifts in tryptophan metabolism in human term placenta exposed to LPS or poly I:C†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:722-738. [PMID: 38145492 PMCID: PMC11017130 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation during pregnancy is a risk factor for offspring neuropsychiatric disorders. Among the mechanistic pathways by which maternal inflammation can affect fetal brain development and programming, those involving tryptophan (TRP) metabolism have drawn attention because various TRP metabolites have neuroactive properties. This study evaluates the effect of bacterial (lipopolysaccharides/LPS) and viral (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid/poly I:C) placental infection on TRP metabolism using an ex vivo model. Human placenta explants were exposed to LPS or poly I:C, and the release of TRP metabolites was analyzed together with the expression of related genes and proteins and the functional activity of key enzymes in TRP metabolism. The rate-limiting enzyme in the serotonin pathway, tryptophan hydroxylase, showed reduced expression and functional activity in explants exposed to LPS or poly I:C. Conversely, the rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway, indoleamine dioxygenase, exhibited increased activity, gene, and protein expression, suggesting that placental infection mainly promotes TRP metabolism via the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. Furthermore, we observed that treatment with LPS or poly I:C increased activity in the kynurenine monooxygenase branch of the KYN pathway. We conclude that placental infection impairs TRP homeostasis, resulting in decreased production of serotonin and an imbalance in the ratio between quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid. This disrupted homeostasis may eventually expose the fetus to suboptimal/toxic levels of neuroactive molecules and impair fetal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cilia Abad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Orbisova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kastner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Heblik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kucera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ramon Portillo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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10
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Jin E, Yin Z, Zheng X, Yan C, Xu K, Eunice FY, Gao Y. Potential of Targeting TDO2 as the Lung Adenocarcinoma Treatment. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1341-1350. [PMID: 38421152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Tryptophan catabolism plays an important role in the metabolic reconnection in cancer cells to support special demands of tumor initiation and progression. The catabolic product of the tryptophan pathway, kynurenine, has the capability of suppressing the immune reactions of tumor cells. In this study, we conducted internal and external cohort studies to reveal the importance of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Our study further demonstrated that the TDO2 expression was associated with the proliferation, survival, and invasion of LUAD cells, and targeting TDO2 for LUAD tumors could be a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhidong Yin
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenhong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fouejio Yemele Eunice
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310002 Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Geriatric, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006 Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Major Chronic Disease in the Elderly, Hangzhou 310006 Zhejiang Province, China
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11
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Gonçalves M, Furgiuele A, Rasini E, Legnaro M, Ferrari M, Luini A, Rodrigues-Santos P, Caramelo F, Marino F, Pereira FC, Cosentino M. A peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based in vitro model: A tool to explore indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1). Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 968:176420. [PMID: 38367683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proinflammatory cytokines powerfully induce the rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) in dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes, it converts tryptophan (Trp) into L-kynurenine (KYN), along the kynurenine pathway (KP). This mechanism represents a crucial innate immunity regulator that can modulate T cells. This work explores the role of IDO1 in lymphocyte proliferation within a specific pro-inflammatory milieu. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclera cells (PBMCs) were isolated from buffy coats taken from healthy blood donors and exposed to a pro-inflammatory milieu triggered by a double-hit stimulus: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus anti-CD3/CD28. The IDO1 mRNA levels in the PBMCs were measured by RT-PCR; the IDO1 activity was analyzed using the KYN/Trp ratio, measured by HPLC-EC; and lymphocyte proliferation was measured by flow cytometry. Trp and epacadostat (EP) were used as an IDO1 substrate and inhibitor, respectively. KYN, which is known to modulate Teffs, was tested as a positive control in lymphocyte proliferation. RESULTS IDO1 expression and activity in PBMCs increased in an in vitro pro-inflammatory milieu. The lymphoid stimulus increased IDO1 expression and activity, which supports the interaction between the activated lymphocytes and the circulating myeloid IDO1-expressing cells. The addition of Trp decreased lymphocyte proliferation but EP, which abrogated the IDO1 function, had no impact on proliferation. Additionally, incubation with KYN seemed to decrease the lymphocyte proliferation. CONCLUSION IDO1 inhibition did not change T lymphocyte proliferation. We present herein an in vitro experimental model suitable to measure IDO1 expression and activity in circulating myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Gonçalves
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alessia Furgiuele
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, Univ Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rasini
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, Univ Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Marco Ferrari
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, Univ Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alessandra Luini
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, Univ Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Franca Marino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, Univ Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Frederico C Pereira
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Marco Cosentino
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
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12
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Yu Z, Lin Y, Wu L, Wang L, Fan Y, Xu L, Zhang L, Wu W, Tao J, Huan F, Liu W, Wang J, Gao R. Bisphenol F exposure induces depression-like changes: Roles of the kynurenine metabolic pathway along the "liver-brain" axis. Environ Pollut 2024; 346:123356. [PMID: 38266696 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF), one of the major alternatives of Bisphenol A (BPA), is becoming extensively used in industrial production with great harm to human beings and environment. Recent studies have revealed that environmental exposure is crucial to the initiation and development of depression. Thereby, the aim the present study is to ascertain the correlationship between the BPF exposure and depression occurrence. In the current study, BPF strikingly triggered depression-like changes in mice through the sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST), accompanied by the perturbation of the kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway along the "liver-brain" axis. Mechanistically, the neurotransmitters from the tryptophan metabolic pathway were converted to the toxic KYN pathway after BPF treatment. With the ELISA assay, it revealed that the toxic KYN metabolites, including KYN and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), were strikingly increased in the mouse brains which was ascribed to the enhanced expression of the rate-limiting enzymes Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) respectively. Interestingly, the increased brain KYN induced by BPF was also validated partially from the periphery, since the ELISA and western blotting results indicated the significantly increased KYN in the serum and L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in the brain, the key transporter responsible for KYN and 3-HK crossing the blood-brain barrier. Intriguingly, the liver-derived KYN metabolic pathway was the important source of the peripheral KYN and 3-HK, as BPF substantially enhanced hepatic IDO1, Tryptophan, 2, 3-dioxygenase (TDO2), and KMO levels indicated by western blotting. This study is the first to delineate previously unrecognized BPF-induced depression by regulating the KYN metabolic pathway along the "liver-brain" axis; therefore, targeting LAT1 or hepatic KYN signaling may provide a potentially unique therapeutic intervention in BPF-induced depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China; The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yichun Fan
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Liuting Xu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Linwei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Weilan Wu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jingxian Tao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fei Huan
- Department of Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China; China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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13
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Gabrawy MM, Westbrook R, King A, Khosravian N, Ochaney N, DeCarvalho T, Wang Q, Yu Y, Huang Q, Said A, Abadir M, Zhang C, Khare P, Fairman JE, Le A, Milne GL, Vonhoff FJ, Walston JD, Abadir PM. Dual treatment with kynurenine pathway inhibitors and NAD + precursors synergistically extends life span in Drosophila. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14102. [PMID: 38481042 PMCID: PMC11019140 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan catabolism is highly conserved and generates important bioactive metabolites, including kynurenines, and in some animals, NAD+. Aging and inflammation are associated with increased levels of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites and depleted NAD+, factors which are implicated as contributors to frailty and morbidity. Contrastingly, KP suppression and NAD+ supplementation are associated with increased life span in some animals. Here, we used DGRP_229 Drosophila to elucidate the effects of KP elevation, KP suppression, and NAD+ supplementation on physical performance and survivorship. Flies were chronically fed kynurenines, KP inhibitors, NAD+ precursors, or a combination of KP inhibitors with NAD+ precursors. Flies with elevated kynurenines had reduced climbing speed, endurance, and life span. Treatment with a combination of KP inhibitors and NAD+ precursors preserved physical function and synergistically increased maximum life span. We conclude that KP flux can regulate health span and life span in Drosophila and that targeting KP and NAD+ metabolism can synergistically increase life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann M. Gabrawy
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Reyhan Westbrook
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Austin King
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nick Khosravian
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Neeraj Ochaney
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Tagide DeCarvalho
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yuqiong Yu
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Qiao Huang
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Adam Said
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Michael Abadir
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- University of Maryland, College ParkCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | | | | | - Jennifer E. Fairman
- Department of Arts as Applied to MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Anne Le
- Gigantest Inc.BaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ginger L. Milne
- Vanderbilt UniversityVanderbilt Brain Institute, Neurochemistry CoreNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Fernando J. Vonhoff
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jeremy D. Walston
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Peter M. Abadir
- School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Biology of Healthy Aging ProgramJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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14
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Dötsch L, Davies C, Hennes E, Schönfeld J, Kumar A, Guita CDC, Ehrler JH, Hiesinger K, Thavam S, Janning P, Sievers S, Knapp S, Proschak E, Ziegler S, Waldmann H. Discovery of the sEH Inhibitor Epoxykynin as a Potent Kynurenine Pathway Modulator. J Med Chem 2024; 67:4691-4706. [PMID: 38470246 PMCID: PMC10983002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Disease-related phenotypic assays enable unbiased discovery of novel bioactive small molecules and may provide novel insights into physiological systems and unprecedented molecular modes of action (MMOA). Herein, we report the identification and characterization of epoxykynin, a potent inhibitor of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Epoxykynin was discovered by means of a cellular assay monitoring modulation of kynurenine (Kyn) levels in BxPC-3 cells upon stimulation with the cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and subsequent target identification employing affinity-based chemical proteomics. Increased Kyn levels are associated with immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment and, thus, the Kyn pathway and its key player indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) are appealing targets in immuno-oncology. However, targeting IDO1 directly has led to limited success in clinical investigations, demonstrating that alternative approaches to reduce Kyn levels are in high demand. We uncover a cross-talk between sEH and the Kyn pathway that may provide new opportunities to revert cancer-induced immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Dötsch
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Technical University
of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse
6, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Caitlin Davies
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hennes
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Julia Schönfeld
- Goethe
University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Goethe
University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Celine Da Cruz
Lopes Guita
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Johanna H.M. Ehrler
- Goethe
University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hiesinger
- Goethe
University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Sasikala Thavam
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Petra Janning
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Compound
Management and Screening Center (COMAS), Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Goethe
University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Goethe
University Frankfurt, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Technical University
of Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse
6, Dortmund 44227, Germany
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15
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Huang N, Winans T, Wyman B, Oaks Z, Faludi T, Choudhary G, Lai ZW, Lewis J, Beckford M, Duarte M, Krakko D, Patel A, Park J, Caza T, Sadeghzadeh M, Morel L, Haas M, Middleton F, Banki K, Perl A. Rab4A-directed endosome traffic shapes pro-inflammatory mitochondrial metabolism in T cells via mitophagy, CD98 expression, and kynurenine-sensitive mTOR activation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2598. [PMID: 38519468 PMCID: PMC10960037 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key metabolic checkpoint of pro-inflammatory T-cell development that contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a functional role for Rab4A-directed endosome traffic in CD98 receptor recycling, mTOR activation, and accumulation of mitochondria that connect metabolic pathways with immune cell lineage development and lupus pathogenesis. Based on integrated analyses of gene expression, receptor traffic, and stable isotope tracing of metabolic pathways, constitutively active Rab4AQ72L exerts cell type-specific control over metabolic networks, dominantly impacting CD98-dependent kynurenine production, mTOR activation, mitochondrial electron transport and flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and thus expands CD4+ and CD3+CD4-CD8- double-negative T cells over CD8+ T cells, enhancing B cell activation, plasma cell development, antinuclear and antiphospholipid autoantibody production, and glomerulonephritis in lupus-prone mice. Rab4A deletion in T cells and pharmacological mTOR blockade restrain CD98 expression, mitochondrial metabolism and lineage skewing and attenuate glomerulonephritis. This study identifies Rab4A-directed endosome traffic as a multilevel regulator of T cell lineage specification during lupus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Huang
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Thomas Winans
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Brandon Wyman
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Zachary Oaks
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Tamas Faludi
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Gourav Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Lai
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Joshua Lewis
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Miguel Beckford
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Manuel Duarte
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Daniel Krakko
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Akshay Patel
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Joy Park
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Tiffany Caza
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mahsa Sadeghzadeh
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mark Haas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Frank Middleton
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Katalin Banki
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Andras Perl
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, New York, NY, 13210, USA.
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16
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Krupa A, Łebkowska A, Kondraciuk M, Kaminski KA, Kowalska I. Alteration in kynurenine pathway metabolites in young women with autoimmune thyroiditis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6851. [PMID: 38514790 PMCID: PMC10957988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation includes several compounds that reveal immunomodulatory properties. The present study aimed to investigate the alteration in KP metabolites in young women with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and their associations with thyroid function. The thyroid function tests, antithyroid antibodies measurement and ultrasonography of the thyroid gland have been performed in 57 young women with AIT and 38 age-matched healthy controls. The serum levels of tryptophan, kynurenine (KYN) and its metabolites were determined, and the activity of KP enzymes was calculated indirectly as product-to-substrate ratios. KP was activated and dysregulated in AIT, along with significantly elevated levels of KYN and anthranilic acid (AA), at the expense of the reduction of kynurenic acid (KYNA), which was reflected by the increase in the AA/KYNA ratio (p < 0.001). In univariate and multiple regression analyses, peripheral deiodinase (SPINA-GD) activity in AIT was positively associated with KYNA, AA, and quinolinic acid (QA). The merger of AA, AA/KYNA ratio, QA and SPINA-GD exhibited the highest sensitivity and specificity to predict AIT (p < 0.001) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. In conclusion, the serum KYN metabolite profile is dysregulated in young women with AIT and could serve as a new predictor of AIT risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krupa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Łebkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Kondraciuk
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Karol Adam Kaminski
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15B, 15-269, Białystok, Poland
| | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Białystok, Poland
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17
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Johnson EE, Southern WM, Doud B, Steiger B, Razzoli M, Bartolomucci A, Ervasti JM. Retention of stress susceptibility in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy after PGC-1α overexpression or ablation of IDO1 or CD38. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:594-611. [PMID: 38181046 PMCID: PMC10954366 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal degenerative muscle wasting disease caused by the loss of the structural protein dystrophin with secondary pathological manifestations including metabolic dysfunction, mood and behavioral disorders. In the mildly affected mdx mouse model of DMD, brief scruff stress causes inactivity, while more severe subordination stress results in lethality. Here, we investigated the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolic pathway in mdx mice and their involvement as possible mediators of mdx stress-related pathology. We identified downregulation of the kynurenic acid shunt, a neuroprotective branch of the kynurenine pathway, in mdx skeletal muscle associated with attenuated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) transcriptional regulatory activity. Restoring the kynurenic acid shunt by skeletal muscle-specific PGC-1α overexpression in mdx mice did not prevent scruff -induced inactivity, nor did abrogating extrahepatic kynurenine pathway activity by genetic deletion of the pathway rate-limiting enzyme, indoleamine oxygenase 1. We further show that reduced NAD+ production in mdx skeletal muscle after subordination stress exposure corresponded with elevated levels of NAD+ catabolites produced by ectoenzyme cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) that have been implicated in lethal mdx response to pharmacological β-adrenergic receptor agonism. However, genetic CD38 ablation did not prevent mdx scruff-induced inactivity. Our data do not support a direct contribution by the kynurenine pathway or CD38 metabolic dysfunction to the exaggerated stress response of mdx mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erynn E Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - W Michael Southern
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Baird Doud
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Brandon Steiger
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Maria Razzoli
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 321 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 321 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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18
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Zelante T, Paolicelli G, Fallarino F, Gargaro M, Vascelli G, De Zuani M, Fric J, Laznickova P, Kohoutkova MH, Macchiarulo A, Dolciami D, Pieraccini G, Gaetani L, Scalisi G, Trevisan C, Frossi B, Pucillo C, De Luca A, Nunzi E, Spaccapelo R, Pariano M, Borghi M, Boscaro F, Romoli R, Mancini A, Gentili L, Renga G, Costantini C, Puccetti M, Giovagnoli S, Ricci M, Antonini M, Calabresi P, Puccetti P, Di Filippo M, Romani L. A microbially produced AhR ligand promotes a Tph1-driven tolerogenic program in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6651. [PMID: 38509264 PMCID: PMC10954611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a debilitating autoimmune disease, characterized by chronic inflammation of the central nervous system. While the significance of the gut microbiome on multiple sclerosis pathogenesis is established, the underlining mechanisms are unknown. We found that serum levels of the microbial postbiotic tryptophan metabolite indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-IAld) inversely correlated with disease duration in multiple sclerosis patients. Much like the host-derived tryptophan derivative L-Kynurenine, 3-IAld would bind and activate the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), which, in turn, controls endogenous tryptophan catabolic pathways. As a result, in peripheral lymph nodes, microbial 3-IAld, affected mast-cell tryptophan metabolism, forcing mast cells to produce serotonin via Tph1. We thus propose a protective role for AhR-mast-cell activation driven by the microbiome, whereby natural metabolites or postbiotics will have a physiological role in immune homeostasis and may act as therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zelante
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
- Interuniversity Consortium for Biotechnology, (CIB), 34149, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Paolicelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vascelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco De Zuani
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fric
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 2094/1, 128 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Laznickova
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Hortova Kohoutkova
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Dolciami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pieraccini
- Mass Spectrometry Center (CISM), University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gaetani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Scalisi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Caterina Trevisan
- Department of Medical and Biological Science, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Barbara Frossi
- Department of Medical and Biological Science, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Pucillo
- Department of Medical and Biological Science, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonella De Luca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emilia Nunzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics, C.U.R.Ge.F, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Spaccapelo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics, C.U.R.Ge.F, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium for Biotechnology, (CIB), 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Borghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Boscaro
- Mass Spectrometry Center (CISM), University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Romoli
- Mass Spectrometry Center (CISM), University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucia Gentili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Renga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Antonini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Unità di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics, C.U.R.Ge.F, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Di Filippo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics, C.U.R.Ge.F, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
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Crump LS, Floyd JL, Kuo LW, Post MD, Bickerdike M, O'Neill K, Sompel K, Jordan KR, Corr BR, Marjon N, Woodruff ER, Richer JK, Bitler BG. Targeting Tryptophan Catabolism in Ovarian Cancer to Attenuate Macrophage Infiltration and PD-L1 Expression. Cancer Res Commun 2024; 4:822-833. [PMID: 38451784 PMCID: PMC10946310 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) of the fallopian tube, ovary, and peritoneum is the most common type of ovarian cancer and is predicted to be immunogenic because the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes conveys a better prognosis. However, the efficacy of immunotherapies has been limited because of the immune-suppressed tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor metabolism and immune-suppressive metabolites directly affect immune cell function through the depletion of nutrients and activation of immune-suppressive transcriptional programs. Tryptophan (TRP) catabolism is a contributor to HGSC disease progression. Two structurally distinct rate-limiting TRP catabolizing enzymes, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO2), evolved separately to catabolize TRP. IDO1/TDO2 are aberrantly expressed in carcinomas and metabolize TRP into the immune-suppressive metabolite kynurenine (KYN), which can engage the aryl hydrocarbon receptor to drive immunosuppressive transcriptional programs. To date, IDO inhibitors tested in clinical trials have had limited efficacy, but those inhibitors did not target TDO2, and we find that HGSC cell lines and clinical outcomes are more dependent on TDO2 than IDO1. To identify inflammatory HGSC cancers with poor prognosis, we stratified patient ascites samples by IL6 status, which correlates with poor prognosis. Metabolomics revealed that IL6-high patient samples had enriched KYN. TDO2 knockdown significantly inhibited HGSC growth and TRP catabolism. The orally available dual IDO1/TDO2 inhibitor, AT-0174, significantly inhibited tumor progression, reduced tumor-associated macrophages, and reduced expression of immune-suppressive proteins on immune and tumor cells. These studies demonstrate the importance of TDO2 and the therapeutic potential of AT-0174 to overcome an immune-suppressed TME. SIGNIFICANCE Developing strategies to improve response to chemotherapy is essential to extending disease-free intervals for patients with HGSC of the fallopian tube, ovary, and peritoneum. In this article, we demonstrate that targeting TRP catabolism, particularly with dual inhibition of TDO2 and IDO1, attenuates the immune-suppressive microenvironment and, when combined with chemotherapy, extends survival compared with chemotherapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey S. Crump
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jessica L. Floyd
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Miriam D. Post
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mike Bickerdike
- Antido Therapeutics, Melbourne, Australia
- BioTarget Consulting, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathleen O'Neill
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kayla Sompel
- Division of Reproductive Sciences Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kimberly R. Jordan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bradley R. Corr
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nicole Marjon
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth R. Woodruff
- Division of Reproductive Sciences Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer K. Richer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Benjamin G. Bitler
- Division of Reproductive Sciences Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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20
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Jia C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Cheng M, Dong W, Wei W, Zhao Y, Chang Y. TDO2-overexpressed Dendritic Cells Possess Tolerogenicity and Ameliorate Collagen-induced Arthritis by Modulating the Th17/Regulatory T Cell Balance. J Immunol 2024; 212:941-950. [PMID: 38294261 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells are promising for restoring immune homeostasis and may be an alternative therapy for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The kynurenine pathway is a vital mechanism that induces tolerance in dendritic cells (DCs). Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) is an important rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway and participates in immune regulation. However, the role of TDO2 in shaping the tolerogenic phenotypes of DCs remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of TDO2-overexpressed DCs in regulating the T cell balance both in vivo and in vitro. TDO2-overexpressed DC2.4 and TDO2-/- mouse bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) were generated to verify the role of TDO2 in DC maturation and functionality. TDO2 overexpression in BMDCs via PGE2 treatment exhibited an immature phenotype and tolerogenic state, whereas TDO2-/- BMDCs exhibited a mature phenotype and a proinflammatory state. Furthermore, transplant of TDO2-overexpressed BMDCs alleviated collagen-induced arthritis severity in mice, which was correlated with a reduction in Th17 populations and an increase in regulatory T cells. Collectively, these results indicate that TDO2 plays an important role in the tolerogenic phenotype and may be a promising target for the generation tolerogenic DCs for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yueye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Weibo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
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21
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Ying X, Zheng X, Zhang X, Yin Y, Wang X. Kynurenine in IDO1 high cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles promotes angiogenesis by inducing endothelial mitophagy in ovarian cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:267. [PMID: 38468343 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitophagy, a prominent cellular homeostasis process, has been implicated in modulating endothelial cell function. Emerging evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in intercellular communication, which could modulate tumor angiogenesis, a hallmark of ovarian cancer (OC) progression. However, the underlying mechanisms through how EVs regulate endothelial mitophagy associated with tumor angiogenesis during OC development remain obscure. METHODS The effect of cancer cell-derived EVs on endothelial mitophagy and its correlation with tumor angiogenesis and OC development were explored by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Multi-omics integration analysis was employed to identify potential regulatory mechanisms of cancer cell-derived EVs on endothelial mitophagy, which is involved in tumor angiogenesis associated with OC development. These insights were then further corroborated through additional experiments. An orthotopic OC mouse model was constructed to assess the antiangiogenic and therapeutic potential of the Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) inhibitor. RESULTS Cancer cell-derived EVs promoted tumor angiogenesis via the activation of endothelial mitophagy, contributing to the growth and metastasis of OC. The aberrantly high expression of IDO1 mediated abnormal tryptophan metabolism in cancer cells and promoted the secretion of L-kynurenine (L-kyn)-enriched EVs, with associated high levels of L-kyn in EVs isolated from both the tumor tissues and patient plasma in OC. EVs derived from IDO1high ovarian cancer cells elevated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) levels in endothelial cells via delivering L-kyn. Besides, IDO1high ovarian cancer cell-derived EVs upregulated sirt3 expression in endothelial cells by increasing acetylation modification. These findings are crucial for promoting endothelial mitophagy correlated with tumor angiogenesis. Notably, both endothelial mitophagy and tumor angiogenesis could be suppressed by the IDO1 inhibitor in the orthotopic OC mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Together, our findings unveil a mechanism of mitophagy in OC angiogenesis and indicate the clinical relevance of EV enriched L-kyn as a potential biomarker for tumorigenesis and progression. Additionally, IDO1 inhibitors might become an alternative option for OC adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaocui Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yujia Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xipeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Rd, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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22
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Chen W, Tian Y, Gou M, Wang L, Tong J, Zhou Y, Feng W, Li Y, Chen S, Liu Y, Wang Z, Pan S, Zhang P, Huang J, Yang X, Li CSR, Tian L, Hong LE, Tan Y. Role of the immune-kynurenine pathway in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 130:110926. [PMID: 38147973 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and kynurenine pathway (KP) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Studies have shown inflammation-related effects on KP metabolism in patients with schizophrenia. This study investigated the relationship between KP metabolites, IRS, and the compensatory immune-regulatory reflex system (CIRS) in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). METHODS Patients with (n = 53) and without TRS (n = 47), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 49) were enrolled. We quantified plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-2, IL-6, soluble(s)IL-6 receptor, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor[TNF]-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-4, IL-10, tumor growth factor [TGF]-β1, TGF-β2, soluble (s) IL-2 receptor subunit α, sIL-2 receptor subunit β, and sTNF-α receptor 1) and calculated the IRS/CIRS ratio. We also tested serum metabolites of the KP, including kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and quinolinic acid (QUIN), along with the QUIN/KYNA ratio. RESULTS Patients with TRS had significantly higher IRS/CIRS ratio than non-TRS patients (p = 0.002) and HCs (p = 0.007), and significantly lower KYN (p = 0.001) and KYNA (p = 0.01) levels than HCs. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that a younger age at illness onset (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91, p = 0.02) and a higher IRS/CIRS ratio (OR = 1.22; p = 0.007) were risk factors for patients with TRS. After further adjusted for age of onset, the QUIN/KYNA ratio (β = 0.97; p = 0.02) significantly moderated the relationship between IRS/CIRS and TRS, showing that in the higher QUIN/KYNA condition, higher IRS/CIRS ratio were significantly and more likely to be associated with patients with TRS (β = 0.12, z = 3.19, p = 0.001), whereas in the low QUIN/KYNA condition, the association between IRS/CIRS ratio and TRS was weak and insignificant. CONCLUSIONS The peripheral immune response was imbalanced in TRS and was preferentially directed towards the IRS compared to patients without TRS and healthy controls, which is likely to play a role in neurotoxicity. Additionally, peripheral KP activation was also imbalanced, as evidenced by significantly reduced KYN and KYNA levels in patients with TRS compared to healthy controls, but none of KP metabolisms were significantly difference in non-TRS patients compared to healthy controls. QUIN/KYNA ratio involving to the degree of activation of NMDA receptors, indicated the neurotoxic level of the KP activation. The interaction between IRS/CIRS and QUIN/KYNA ratio was significant in predicting TRS, and our findings suggest a potential role for the immune-kynurenine pathway in TRS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yichang Tian
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhuang Gou
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Tong
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Zhou
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Song Chen
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchang Liu
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Pan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokui Yang
- Department of Human Reproductive Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Uçar T, Cansever MŞ, Isat E, Zubarioğlu T, Aktuğlu Zeybek AÇ, Topçu B, Seyahi N, Kıykım E. Serum Neopterin, Biopterin, Tryptophan, and Kynurenine Levels in Patients with Fabry Disease. Balkan Med J 2024; 41:113-120. [PMID: 38247273 PMCID: PMC10913122 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2024.2023-10-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fabry disease is characterized by the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide. Substrate accumulation in lysosomes is thought to trigger an inflammatory response and is responsible for progressive organ damage through the induction of autoimmunity. The levels of pteridine and kynurenine pathway metabolites increase when immune activation is observed and are employed to monitor several diseases and determine prognosis. Aims To elucidate the effects of immune activation on the pathophysiology of Fabry disease and to investigate the potential utility of pteridine and kynurenine metabolites. Study Design A prospective case-control study. Methods In this study, 33 patients with Fabry disease and 33 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Blood pteridine and kynurenine metabolites were studied in both groups. Organ involvement in Fabry disease and its correlation with the pteridine and kynurenine pathways were also investigated. Results The patients’ neopterin and biopterin levels and the tryptophan/kynurenine ratio were statistically higher than those of the healthy control group (p < 0.05). A statistically significant association was found between neopterin levels and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, and GFR values (p = 0.044, p = 0.021, and p = 0.030, respectively), tryptophan and corneal verticillate, hearing loss and tinnitus (p = 0.010, p = 0.009 and p = 0.046, respectively), and kynurenine levels and valvular heart disease (p = 0.020). Conclusion From the onset of the disease, patients with Fabry disease exhibited elevated levels of inflammation and immune activation. Furthermore, inflammation and immune activation markers can be used as early disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Uçar
- Department of Pediatric of Child Health and Diseases, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Şerif Cansever
- The Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Documentation and Techniques, Division of Medical Laboratory Techniques, İstanbul University- Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Türkiye
- Research Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Esra Isat
- Research Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Türkiye
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, İstanbul Universiy-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tanyel Zubarioğlu
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, İstanbul Universiy-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ayşe Çiğdem Aktuğlu Zeybek
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, İstanbul Universiy-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Birol Topçu
- Department of Biostatistics, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdağ, Türkiye
| | - Nurhan Seyahi
- Department of Nephrology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ertuğrul Kıykım
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, İstanbul Universiy-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
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Hikawa N, Kashio S, Miura M. Mating-induced increase of kynurenine in Drosophila ovary enhances starvation resistance of progeny. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105663. [PMID: 38246353 PMCID: PMC10882137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The maternal nutritional environment can impact progeny development, stress tolerance, and longevity. Such phenotypic variation of offspring resulting from the maternal environment is often referred to as the 'maternal effect' and is observed across taxa, including in humans. While some mechanisms behind maternal effects have been revealed, such as histone modification, many studies rely on drastic genetic or nutritional manipulation in describing these mechanisms. Here we aimed to reveal how the maternal environment is regulated under physiological conditions to affect the progeny. Specifically, we detailed metabolic regulation in oocytes in response to mating using Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we found that upon mating, the ovary metabolites shifted, predominantly toward increasing amino acids and the tryptophan/kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. This mating-induced increase in ovary Kyn was driven by increased Kyn production in the fat body, a functional counterpart of the mammalian liver and white adipose tissue and the source of Kyn storage for the ovary after mating. Furthermore, we show that maternal Kyn repression decreased the starvation resistance of progeny and that administering exogenous Kyn to the maternal generation enhanced the starvation resistance of female progeny. Taken together, these findings point to a previously unidentified role of fat body Kyn distribution during reproduction on progeny survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hikawa
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soshiro Kashio
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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25
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Xie Y, Wang M, Qiao L, Qian Y, Xu W, Sun Q, Luo S, Li C. Photothermal-Enhanced Dual Inhibition of Lactate/Kynurenine Metabolism for Promoting Tumor Immunotherapy. Small Methods 2024; 8:e2300945. [PMID: 37906051 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally referred to as "metabolic junk", lactate has now been recognized as essential "energy currency" and crucial "messenger" that contributes to tumor evolution, immunosuppression, etc., thus presenting a promising strategy for antitumor interventions. Similarly, kynurenine (Kyn) also exerts an immunosuppressive function, thereby significantly compromising the effectiveness of immunotherapy. This study proposes and validates a strategy for enhancing immunotherapy through photothermal-assisted depletion of lactate sustained by cycle-like O2 supply, with blocking the tryptophan (Trp)/Kyn metabolic pathway. In brief, a nanozyme therapeutic agent (PNDPL) is constructed, which mainly consists of PtBi nanozymes, lactate oxidase (LOX) and the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor NLG919. The PtBi nanozymes, which exhibit a catalase (CAT)-like activity, form a positive feedback loop with LOX to consume lactate while self-supplying O2 . Moreover, PtBi nanozymes retain enzyme-like performance even in a slightly acidic tumor microenvironment. Under 1064 nm irradiation, photothermal therapy (PTT) not only induces tumor cell death but also accelerates lactate exhaustion. Therefore, the combination of lactate depletion-induced starvation therapy and PTT, along with the blocking of IDO-mediated immune escape, effectively inhibits tumor growth and reverses immunosuppressive microenvironment, thus preventing tumor metastasis. This study represents the first investigation into the synergistic antitumor effects by lactate metabolism regulation and IDO-related immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xie
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Man Wang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Luying Qiao
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Qian
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Wencheng Xu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Shuiping Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
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26
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Asia LK, Van Vuren EJ, Lindeque Z, Williams ME. A pilot investigation of the association between HIV-1 Vpr amino acid sequence diversity and the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway as a potential mechanism for neurocognitive impairment. Virol J 2024; 21:47. [PMID: 38395987 PMCID: PMC10893664 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV infection compromises both the peripheral and central immune systems due to its pathogenic and neuropathogenic features. The mechanisms driving HIV-1 pathogenesis and neuropathogenesis involve a series of events, including metabolic dysregulation. Furthermore, HIV-subtype-specific variations, particularly alterations in the amino acid sequences of key viral proteins, are known to influence the severity of clinical outcomes in people living with HIV. However, the impact of amino acid sequence variations in specific viral proteins, such as Viral protein R (Vpr), on metabolites within the Tryptophan (Trp)-kynurenine (Kyn) pathway in people living with HIV remains unclear. Our research aimed to explore the relationship between variations in the Vpr amino acid sequence (specifically at positions 22, 41, 45, and 55, as these have been previously linked to neurocognitive function) and peripheral Trp-Kyn metabolites. Additionally, we sought to clarify the systems biology of Vpr sequence variation by examining the link between Trp-Kyn metabolism and peripheral inflammation, as a neuropathogenic mechanism. In this preliminary study, we analyzed a unique cohort of thirty-two (n = 32) South African cART naïve people living with HIV. We employed Sanger sequencing to ascertain blood-derived Vpr amino acid sequence variations and a targeted LC-MS/MS metabolomics platform to assess Trp-Kyn metabolites, such as Trp, Kyn, kynurenic acid (KA), and quinolinic acid (QUIN). Particle-enhanced turbidimetric assay and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure immune markers, hsCRP, IL-6, suPAR, NGAL and sCD163. After applying Bonferroni corrections (p =.05/3) and adjusting for covariates (age and sex), only the Vpr G41 and A55 groups was nearing significance for higher levels of QUIN compared to the Vpr S41 and T55 groups, respectively (all p =.023). Multiple regression results revealed that Vpr amino acid variations at position 41 (adj R2 = 0.049, β = 0.505; p =.023), and 55 (adj R2 = 0.126, β = 0.444; p =.023) displayed significant associations with QUIN after adjusting for age and sex. Lastly, the higher QUIN levels observed in the Vpr G41 group were found to be correlated with suPAR (r =.588, p =.005). These results collectively underscore the importance of specific Vpr amino acid substitutions in influencing QUIN and inflammation (specifically suPAR levels), potentially contributing to our understanding of their roles in the pathogenesis and neuropathogenesis of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esmé Jansen Van Vuren
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Zander Lindeque
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Ye F, Dong MC, Xu CX, Jiang N, Chang Q, Liu XM, Pan RL. Effects of different chronic restraint stress periods on anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism along the brain-gut axis in C57BL/6N mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 965:176301. [PMID: 38145646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic restraint stress (CRS) is a widely used stimulus to induce anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, linked to alterations in tryptophan-kynurenine (TRP-KYN) metabolism in animals. This study assessed the effects of different CRS periods on anxiety- or depression-like behaviors and TRP-KYN metabolism along brain-gut axis in C57BL/6N mice. Results showed that one-week CRS decreased the open arm entries of mice in elevated plus maze and delayed latency of feeding in novelty suppressed feeding test. Four-week CRS reduced sucrose preference, increases forced swimming immobility time, and also induced anxiety-like behaviors of mice. UPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed decreased levels of the neurotoxic 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and quinolinic acid (QA), and an increase in the neuroprotective kynurenic acid (KA) in the hippocampus of one-week CRS mice; meanwhile, four-week CRS mice displayed a reduction in KA and increases in 3-HK and QA. In the colon, both one-week and four-week CRS mice exhibited significant reductions in 3-HK and QA, with a marked increase of KA exclusively in four-week CRS mice. Briefly, one-week CRS only induced anxiety-like behaviors with hippocampal neuroprotection in TRP-KYN metabolism, whereas four-week CRS caused anxiety- and depression-like behaviors with neurotoxicity. In the colon, during both CRS periods, KYN was metabolized in the direction of NAD+ production. However, four-week CRS triggered intestinal inflammation risk with increased KA. Summarily, slightly short-term stress has beneficial effects on mice, while prolonged chronic stress can lead to pathological changes. This study offers valuable insights into stress-induced emotional disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng-Chen Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chen-Xi Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, No. 818, Feng Hua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315000, China.
| | - Rui-Le Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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28
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Zhang Y, Tu S, Ji X, Wu J, Meng J, Gao J, Shao X, Shi S, Wang G, Qiu J, Zhang Z, Hua C, Zhang Z, Chen S, Zhang L, Zhu SJ. Dubosiella newyorkensis modulates immune tolerance in colitis via the L-lysine-activated AhR-IDO1-Kyn pathway. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1333. [PMID: 38351003 PMCID: PMC10864277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Commensal bacteria generate immensely diverse active metabolites to maintain gut homeostasis, however their fundamental role in establishing an immunotolerogenic microenvironment in the intestinal tract remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that an understudied murine commensal bacterium, Dubosiella newyorkensis, and its human homologue Clostridium innocuum, have a probiotic immunomodulatory effect on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis using conventional, antibiotic-treated and germ-free mouse models. We identify an important role for the D. newyorkensis in rebalancing Treg/Th17 responses and ameliorating mucosal barrier injury by producing short-chain fatty acids, especially propionate and L-Lysine (Lys). We further show that Lys induces the immune tolerance ability of dendritic cells (DCs) by enhancing Trp catabolism towards the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway through activation of the metabolic enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent manner. This study identifies a previously unrecognized metabolic communication by which Lys-producing commensal bacteria exert their immunoregulatory capacity to establish a Treg-mediated immunosuppressive microenvironment by activating AhR-IDO1-Kyn metabolic circuitry in DCs. This metabolic circuit represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Shuyu Tu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China
| | - Xingwei Ji
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Jianan Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China
| | - Jinxin Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, PR China
| | - Jinsong Gao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Xian Shao
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University Shaoxing Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, PR China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University Shaoxing Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, PR China
| | - Gan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Jingjing Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Zhuobiao Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Chengang Hua
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China
| | - Shu Jeffrey Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, PR China.
- Shaoxing People's Hospital, Zhejiang University Shaoxing Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, PR China.
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29
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Bakker L, Choe K, Eussen SJPM, Ramakers IHGB, van den Hove DLA, Kenis G, Rutten BPF, Verhey FRJ, Köhler S. Relation of the kynurenine pathway with normal age: A systematic review. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 217:111890. [PMID: 38056721 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kynurenine pathway (KP) is gaining more attention as a common pathway involved in age-related conditions. However, which changes in the KP occur due to normal ageing is still largely unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available evidence for associations of KP metabolites with age. METHODS We used an broad search strategy and included studies up to October 2023. RESULTS Out of 8795 hits, 55 studies were eligible for the systematic review. These studies suggest that blood levels of tryptophan decrease with age, while blood and cerebrospinal fluid levels of kynurenine and its ratio with tryptophan increase. Studies investigating associations between cerebrospinal fluid and blood levels of kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid with age reported either positive or non-significant findings. However, there is a large heterogeneity across studies. Additionally, most studies were cross-sectional, and only few studies investigated associations with other downstream kynurenines. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review suggests that levels of kynurenines are positively associated with age. Larger and prospective studies are needed that also investigate a more comprehensive panel of KP metabolites and changes during the life-course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, 6229 HA Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM) and Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Inez H G B Ramakers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel L A van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans R J Verhey
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs) and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML) Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Nemkov T, Stephenson D, Erickson C, Dzieciatkowska M, Key A, Moore A, Earley EJ, Page GP, Lacroix IS, Stone M, Deng X, Raife T, Kleinman S, Zimring JC, Roubinian N, Hansen KC, Busch MP, Norris PJ, D’Alessandro A. Regulation of kynurenine metabolism by blood donor genetics and biology impacts red cell hemolysis in vitro and in vivo. Blood 2024; 143:456-472. [PMID: 37976448 PMCID: PMC10862365 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In the field of transfusion medicine, the clinical relevance of the metabolic markers of the red blood cell (RBC) storage lesion is incompletely understood. Here, we performed metabolomics of RBC units from 643 donors enrolled in the Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study, REDS RBC Omics. These units were tested on storage days 10, 23, and 42 for a total of 1929 samples and also characterized for end-of-storage hemolytic propensity after oxidative and osmotic insults. Our results indicate that the metabolic markers of the storage lesion poorly correlated with hemolytic propensity. In contrast, kynurenine was not affected by storage duration and was identified as the top predictor of osmotic fragility. RBC kynurenine levels were affected by donor age and body mass index and were reproducible within the same donor across multiple donations from 2 to 12 months apart. To delve into the genetic underpinnings of kynurenine levels in stored RBCs, we thus tested kynurenine levels in stored RBCs on day 42 from 13 091 donors from the REDS RBC Omics study, a population that was also genotyped for 879 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Through a metabolite quantitative trait loci analysis, we identified polymorphisms in SLC7A5, ATXN2, and a series of rate-limiting enzymes (eg, kynurenine monooxygenase, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and tryptophan dioxygenase) in the kynurenine pathway as critical factors affecting RBC kynurenine levels. By interrogating a donor-recipient linkage vein-to-vein database, we then report that SLC7A5 polymorphisms are also associated with changes in hemoglobin and bilirubin levels, suggestive of in vivo hemolysis in 4470 individuals who were critically ill and receiving single-unit transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Omix Technologies Inc, Aurora, CO
| | - Daniel Stephenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Christopher Erickson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Alicia Key
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Amy Moore
- Research Triangle Institute International, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Grier P. Page
- Research Triangle Institute International, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ian S. Lacroix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Thomas Raife
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Steven Kleinman
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - James C. Zimring
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Nareg Roubinian
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Philip J. Norris
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Omix Technologies Inc, Aurora, CO
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31
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Shi Y, Luo S, Zhai J, Chen Y. A novel causative role of imbalanced kynurenine pathway in ulcerative colitis: Upregulation of KMO and KYNU promotes intestinal inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166929. [PMID: 37918679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) is the principal metabolic route for the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP). Recent advances have highlighted a pivotal role for several KP metabolites in inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the alterations of KP enzymes and their functional impact in UC remain poorly defined. Here, we focused on kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and kynureninase (KYNU), which serve as critical branching enzymes in the KP. We observed that dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice exhibited disturbed TRP metabolism along with KMO and KYNU upregulated. In patients with active UC, both the expression of KMO and KYNU were positively correlated with inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β. Pharmacological blockade of KMO or genetic silencing of KYNU suppressed IL-1β-triggered proinflammatory cytokines expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, blockage of KMO by selective inhibitor Ro 61-8048 alleviated the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice, accompanied by an expanded NAD+ pool and redox balance restoration. The protective role of Ro 61-8048 may be partly due to its effect on KP regulation, particularly in enhancing kynurenic acid production. In summary, our study provides new evidence for the proinflammatory property of KMO and KYNU in intestinal inflammation, hinting at a promising therapeutic approach in UC through targeting these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangjian Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Zhai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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32
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Girgin G, Sanajou S, Meric-Deliveli S, Baydar T. Verification studies of tryptophan and kynurenine determination using HPLC and evaluation of the kynurenine pathway and neopterin levels in human colostrum samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5791. [PMID: 38031497 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Colostrum, the first breast fluid produced by mammals after giving birth, is followed by breast milk, which serves as the sole source of nutrients for breastfed newborns and infants. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of the central nervous system in infants. Tryptophan is primarily degraded through the kynurenine pathway. Owing to its sensitivity to dietary intake, immune-mediated tryptophan degradation is assessed by the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio, with a focus on one of the rate-limiting enzymes in the pathway. This study involved the validation of the simultaneous determination of tryptophan and kynurenine using HPLC. The validated method was then used to detect levels of tryptophan and kynurenine, as well as to calculate the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio in colostrum samples. Simultaneously, these results were compared with colostrum neopterin levels measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The mean levels for tryptophan, kynurenine, and neopterin were 17.3 ± 62.4 μM, 0.45 ± 0.03 μM, and 28.9 ± 2.6 nM, respectively. This study is among the few that have evaluated these parameters in colostrum samples. Neopterin levels secreted by the mammary gland were found not to be correlated with tryptophan degradation, a process influenced by the mother's nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Girgin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sonia Sanajou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Meric-Deliveli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Terken Baydar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Sapienza J, Agostoni G, Dall'Acqua S, Sut S, Nasini S, Martini F, Marchesi A, Bechi M, Buonocore M, Cocchi F, Cavallaro R, Spangaro M, Comai S, Bosia M. The kynurenine pathway in treatment-resistant schizophrenia at the crossroads between pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:71-80. [PMID: 38101180 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Two cardinal elements in the complex and multifaceted pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) are neuroinflammation and dysregulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission, with the latter being especially involved in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Interestingly, the Kynurenine (KYN) pathway (KP) is at the crossroad between them, constituting a potential causal link and a therapeutic target. Although there is preclinical and clinical evidence indicating a dysregulation of KP associated with the clinical phenotype of SCZ, clinical studies investigating the possible relationship between changes in biomarkers of the KP and response to pharmacotherapy are still limited. Therefore, we have studied possible differences in the circulating levels of biomarkers of the metabolism of tryptophan along the KP in 43 responders to first-line treatments (FLR) and 32 TRS patients treated with clozapine, and their possible associations with psychopathology in the two subgroups. Plasma levels of KYN were significantly higher in TRS patients than in FLR patients, indicating a greater activation of KP. Furthermore, the levels of quinolinic (NMDA receptor agonist) and kynurenic acid (NMDA negative allosteric modulator) showed a negative and a positive correlation with several dimensions and the overall symptomatology in the whole sample and in FLR, but not in TRS, suggesting a putative modulating effect of clozapine elicited through the NMDA receptors. Despite the cross-sectional design of the study that prevents us from demonstrating causation, these findings show a significant relationship among circulating KP biomarkers, psychopathology, and response to pharmacotherapy in SCZ. Therefore, plasma KP biomarkers should be further investigated for developing personalized medicine approaches in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sapienza
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Humanities and Life Sciences, University School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sofia Nasini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Martini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Marchesi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Bechi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Buonocore
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cocchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Cavallaro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Spangaro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Comai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Division of Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Marta Bosia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Ibos KE, Bodnár É, Dinh H, Kis M, Márványkövi F, Kovács ZZA, Siska A, Földesi I, Galla Z, Monostori P, Szatmári I, Simon P, Sárközy M, Csabafi K. Chronic kidney disease may evoke anxiety by altering CRH expression in the amygdala and tryptophan metabolism in rats. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:179-196. [PMID: 37989901 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with anxiety; however, its exact mechanism is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of moderate CKD on anxiety in rats. 5/6 nephrectomy was performed in male Wistar rats. 7 weeks after, anxiety-like behavior was assessed by elevated plus maze (EPM), open field (OF), and marble burying (MB) tests. At weeks 8 and 9, urinalysis was performed, and blood and amygdala samples were collected, respectively. In the amygdala, the gene expression of Avp and the gene and protein expression of Crh, Crhr1, and Crhr2 were analyzed. Furthermore, the plasma concentration of corticosterone, uremic toxins, and tryptophan metabolites was measured by UHPLC-MS/MS. Laboratory tests confirmed the development of CKD. In the CKD group, the closed arm time increased; the central time and the total number of entries decreased in the EPM. There was a reduction in rearing, central distance and time in the OF, and fewer interactions with marbles were detected during MB. CKD evoked an upregulation of gene expression of Crh, Crhr1, and Crhr2, but not Avp, in the amygdala. However, there was no alteration in protein expression. In the CKD group, plasma concentrations of p-cresyl-sulfate, indoxyl-sulfate, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, anthranilic acid, xanthurenic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, picolinic acid, and quinolinic acid increased. However, the levels of tryptophan, tryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, and tyrosine decreased. In conclusion, moderate CKD evoked anxiety-like behavior that might be mediated by the accumulation of uremic toxins and metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, but the contribution of the amygdalar CRH system to the development of anxiety seems to be negligible at this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Eszter Ibos
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 1 Semmelweis utca, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary.
| | - Éva Bodnár
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 1 Semmelweis utca, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Hoa Dinh
- Department of Biochemistry, Bach Mai Hospital, 78 Giai Phong Street, Phuong Mai, Dong Da, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Merse Kis
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 1 Semmelweis utca, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, 9 Dóm tér, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Fanni Márványkövi
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, 9 Dóm tér, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Z A Kovács
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, 9 Dóm tér, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Andrea Siska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6 Semmelweis utca, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Imre Földesi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6 Semmelweis utca, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Galla
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 35-36 Temesvári körút, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Péter Monostori
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 35-36 Temesvári körút, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - István Szatmári
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and HUN-REN-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös utca, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Péter Simon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and HUN-REN-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös utca, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Márta Sárközy
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 1 Semmelweis utca, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, 9 Dóm tér, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Csabafi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 1 Semmelweis utca, Szeged, H-6725, Hungary
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35
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Nagy-Grócz G, Spekker E, Vécsei L. Kynurenines, Neuronal Excitotoxicity, and Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Role of the Intestinal Flora. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1698. [PMID: 38338981 PMCID: PMC10855176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal flora has been the focus of numerous investigations recently, with inquiries not just into the gastrointestinal aspects but also the pathomechanism of other diseases such as nervous system disorders and mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrial disorders are the most common type of inheritable metabolic illness caused by mutations of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Despite the intensive research, its diagnosis is usually difficult, and unfortunately, treating it challenges physicians. Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway are linked to many disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, migraine, and also diseases associated with impaired mitochondrial function. The kynurenine pathway includes many substances, for instance kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid. In this review, we would like to show a possible link between the metabolites of the kynurenine pathway and mitochondrial stress in the context of intestinal flora. Furthermore, we summarize the possible markers of and future therapeutic options for the kynurenine pathway in excitotoxicity and mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Nagy-Grócz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, Temesvári krt. 31., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Preventive Health Sciences Research Group, Incubation Competence Centre of the Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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36
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Rossini S, Ambrosino S, Volpi C, Belladonna ML, Pallotta MT, Panfili E, Suvieri C, Macchiarulo A, Mondanelli G, Orabona C. Epacadostat stabilizes the apo-form of IDO1 and signals a pro-tumorigenic pathway in human ovarian cancer cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1346686. [PMID: 38333210 PMCID: PMC10850306 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a plastic immune checkpoint molecule that potently orchestrates immune responses within the tumor microenvironment (TME). As a heme-containing protein, IDO1 catalyzes the conversion of the essential amino acid tryptophan into immunoactive metabolites, called kynurenines. By depleting tryptophan and enriching the TME with kynurenines, IDO1 catalytic activity shapes an immunosuppressive TME. Accordingly, the inducible or constitutive IDO1 expression in cancer correlates with a negative prognosis for patients, representing one of the critical tumor-escape mechanisms. However, clinically trialed IDO1 catalytic inhibitors disappointed the expected anti-tumor efficacy. Interestingly, the non-enzymatic apo-form of IDO1 is still active as a transducing protein, capable of promoting an immunoregulatory phenotype in dendritic cells (DCs) as well as a pro-tumorigenic behavior in murine melanoma. Moreover, the IDO1 catalytic inhibitor epacadostat can induce a tolerogenic phenotype in plasmacytoid DCs, overcoming the catalytic inhibition of IDO1. Based on this recent evidence, IDO1 plasticity was investigated in the human ovarian cancer cell line, SKOV-3, that constitutively expresses IDO1 in a dynamic balance between the holo- and apo-protein, and thus potentially endowed with a dual function (i.e., enzymatic and non-enzymatic). Besides inhibiting the catalytic activity, epacadostat persistently stabilizes the apo-form of IDO1 protein, favoring its tyrosine-phosphorylation and promoting its association with the phosphatase SHP-2. In SKOV-3 cells, both these early molecular events activate a signaling pathway transduced by IDO1 apo-protein, which is independent of its catalytic activity and contributes to the tumorigenic phenotype of SKOV-3 cells. Overall, our findings unveiled a new mechanism of action of epacadostat on IDO1 target, repositioning the catalytic inhibitor as a stabilizer of the apo-form of IDO1, still capable of transducing a pro-tumorigenic pathway in SKOV-3 tumor. This mechanism could contribute to clarify the lack of effectiveness of epacadostat in clinical trials and shed light on innovative immunotherapeutic strategies to tackle IDO1 target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Rossini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Ambrosino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Eleonora Panfili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Suvieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Comai S, Nunez N, Atkin T, Ghabrash MF, Zakarian R, Fielding A, Saint-Laurent M, Low N, Sauber G, Ragazzi E, Hillard CJ, Gobbi G. Dysfunction in endocannabinoids, palmitoylethanolamide, and degradation of tryptophan into kynurenine in individuals with depressive symptoms. BMC Med 2024; 22:33. [PMID: 38273283 PMCID: PMC10809514 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocannabinoid (eCB) system and the serotonin (5-HT) are both implicated in the severity of the depression. 5-HT is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan (Trp), which is also a precursor for kynurenine (Kyn) whose production is increased at the expense of 5-HT in depressed patients. No clinical studies have investigated the crosstalk between the eCB system and the Trp/5-HT/Kyn pathways. Here, we hypothesized that the eCB system is associated with an enhanced Kyn production in relation to the severity of depressive symptoms. METHODS Eighty-two subjects (51 patients with a diagnosis of depressive disorder (DSM-5) and 31 healthy volunteers), were assessed with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Beck Depression Scale, and Global Clinical Impression. Serum concentrations of eCBs (N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)); structurally related fatty acyl compounds 2-oleoylglycerol (2-OG), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA); Trp, Kyn, Kyn/Trp ratio (an index of Trp degradation into Kyn) and 5-HT were also determined. RESULTS Following a principal component analysis including the severity of depression, Kyn and the Kyn/Trp ratio appear to be directly associated with 2-AG, AEA, and PEA. Interestingly, these biomarkers also permitted to distinguish the population into two main clusters: one of individuals having mild/severe depressive symptoms and the other with an absence of depressive symptoms. Using parametric analysis, higher serum levels of 2-AG, Kyn, and the ratio Kyn/Trp and lower levels of Trp and 5-HT were found in individuals with mild/severe depressive symptoms than in those without depressive symptoms. While in asymptomatic people, PEA was directly associated to Trp, and OEA indirectly linked to 5-HT, in individuals with depressive symptoms, these correlations were lost, and instead, positive correlations between AEA and 2-AG, PEA and AEA, and PEA vs 2-AG and OEA concentrations were found. CONCLUSIONS Parametric and non-parametric analyses suggest a possible association between eCBs, tryptophan/kynurenine biomarkers, and severity of depression, confirming a likely interplay among inflammation, stress, and depression. The enhanced relationships among the biomarkers of the 2-AG and AEA pathways and related lipids seen in individuals with depressive symptoms, but not in asymptomatics, suggest an altered metabolism of the eCB system in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nicolas Nunez
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tobias Atkin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Rita Zakarian
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Allan Fielding
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Saint-Laurent
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Low
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Garrett Sauber
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cecilia J Hillard
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Sun Y, Saito K, Ushiki A, Abe M, Saito Y, Kashiwada T, Horimasu Y, Gemma A, Tatsumi K, Hattori N, Tsushima K, Takemoto K, Ishikawa R, Momiyama T, Matsuyama SI, Arakawa N, Akane H, Toyoda T, Ogawa K, Sato M, Takamatsu K, Mori K, Nishiya T, Izumi T, Ohno Y, Saito Y, Hanaoka M. Identification of kynurenine and quinolinic acid as promising serum biomarkers for drug-induced interstitial lung diseases. Respir Res 2024; 25:31. [PMID: 38221627 PMCID: PMC10788992 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DILD) is a lung injury caused by various types of drugs and is a serious problem in both clinical practice and drug development. Clinical management of the condition would be improved if there were DILD-specific biomarkers available; this study aimed to meet that need. METHODS Biomarker candidates were identified by non-targeted metabolomics focusing on hydrophilic molecules, and further validated by targeted approaches using the serum of acute DILD patients, DILD recovery patients, DILD-tolerant patients, patients with other related lung diseases, and healthy controls. RESULTS Serum levels of kynurenine and quinolinic acid (and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio) were elevated significantly and specifically in acute DILD patients. The diagnostic potentials of these biomarkers were superior to those of conventional lung injury biomarkers, Krebs von den Lungen-6 and surfactant protein-D, in discriminating between acute DILD patients and patients with other lung diseases, including idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and lung diseases associated with connective tissue diseases. In addition to identifying and evaluating the biomarkers, our data showed that kynurenine/tryptophan ratios (an indicator of kynurenine pathway activation) were positively correlated with serum C-reactive protein concentrations in patients with DILD, suggesting the potential association between the generation of these biomarkers and inflammation. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that macrophage differentiation and inflammatory stimulations typified by interferon gamma could activate the kynurenine pathway, resulting in enhanced kynurenine levels in the extracellular space in macrophage-like cell lines or lung endothelial cells. Extracellular quinolinic acid levels were elevated only in macrophage-like cells but not endothelial cells owing to the lower expression levels of metabolic enzymes converting kynurenine to quinolinic acid. These findings provide clues about the molecular mechanisms behind their specific elevation in the serum of acute DILD patients. CONCLUSIONS The serum concentrations of kynurenine and quinolinic acid as well as kynurenine/tryptophan ratios are promising and specific biomarkers for detecting and monitoring DILD and its recovery, which could facilitate accurate decisions for appropriate clinical management of patients with DILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Sun
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Saito
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Ushiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Abe
- Department of Respirology (B2), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Saito
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Takeru Kashiwada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Akihiko Gemma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology (B2), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsushima
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takemoto
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Rika Ishikawa
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Toshiko Momiyama
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Matsuyama
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Noriaki Arakawa
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Akane
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Motonobu Sato
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takamatsu
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mori
- Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nishiya
- Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 134-8630, Japan
| | - Takashi Izumi
- Kihara Memorial Yokohama Foundation, 1-6 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohno
- Kihara Memorial Yokohama Foundation, 1-6 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Hanaoka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
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Villani S, Fallarini S, Rezzi SJ, Di Martino RMC, Aprile S, Del Grosso E. Selective inhibition of indoleamine and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases: Comparative study on kynurenine pathway in cell lines via LC-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 237:115750. [PMID: 37804639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the kynurenine pathway, which is the primary metabolic route for tryptophan (TRP) catabolism, has sparked great interest in the pharmaceutical sciences due to its role in immune regulation and cancer immunoediting. In this context, the development of cell-based assays might represent a tool to: i) characterize the cell secretome according to cell types; ii) gain more insight into the role of kynurenines in different disease scenarios; iii) screen hIDO1 (human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitors and evaluate their effect on downstream TRP-catabolizing enzymes. This paper reports a validated Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to simultaneously quantify TRP, L-kynurenine (KYN), xanthurenic acid (XA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3OHKYN), kynurenic acid (KA), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3OHAA), anthranilic acid (AA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5HT) and tryptamine (TRYP) in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle and Eagle's Minimum Essential Media (DMEM and EMEM, respectively). The quantitative method was validated according to FDA, ICH and EMA guidelines, later applied: i) to assess the impact of selective inhibition of hIDO1 or hTDO (human tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase) on the kynurenine pathway in A375 (melanoma), MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer), and U87 (glioblastoma) cell lines using multivariate analysis (MVA); ii) to determine the IC50 values of both well-known (i.e., epacadostat, linrodostat) and the novel hIDO1 inhibitor (i.e., BL5) in the aforementioned cell lines. The proposed LC-MS/MS method is reliable and robust. Furthermore, it is highly versatile and suitable for applications in the preclinical drug research and in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Villani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Fallarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Sarah Jane Rezzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Aprile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Erika Del Grosso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy.
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Fila M, Chojnacki C, Chojnacki J, Blasiak J. The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in abdominal migraine in children - A therapeutic potential? Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2024; 48:1-12. [PMID: 37984006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal migraine (AM) is a clinical diagnosis specified by Rome IV and ICHD III as a functional gastrointestinal disease (FGID) and a migraine associated syndrome, respectively. Abdominal migraine in childhood and adolescence may continue with migraine headaches in adulthood. This disease is undiagnosed and undertreated, and thus far the FDA has not approved any drug for AM treatment. It was shown that changes in the kynurenine (KYN) pathway of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism played an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of FIGDs and associated mood disorders. Changes in the KYN pathway were shown in migraine and therefore it may be involved in AM pathogenesis. FINDINGS Abdominal migraine reflects an impairment in the communication within the gut-brain axis. Treatment approaches in AM are based on the experience of physicians, presenting personal rather than evidence-based practice, including efficacy of some drugs in adult migraine. Non-pharmacological treatment of AM is aimed at preventing or ameliorating AM triggers and is based on the STRESS mnemonic. Metabolic treatments with riboflavin and coenzyme Q10 were effective in several cases of pediatric migraine, but in general, results on metabolic treatment in migraine in children are scarce and nonconclusive. Modulations within the KYN pathway of TRP metabolism induced by changes in TRP content in the diet, may ameliorate FGIDs and support their pharmacological treatment. Pharmacological manipulations of brain KYNs in animals have brought promising results for clinical applications. Obese children show a higher headache prevalence and may be especially predisposed to AM, and KYN metabolites showed an alternated distribution in obese individuals as compared with their normal-weight counterparts. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, controlled placebo-based clinical trials with dietary manipulation to adjust the amount of the product of the KYN pathway of TRP metabolism are justified in children and adolescents with AM, especially those with coexisting obesity. Further preclinical studies are needed to establish details of these trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Fila
- Department of Developmental Neurology and Epileptology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647, Poland
| | - Jan Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647, Poland
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Plock, 09-420 Plock, Poland.
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Sharma K, Ghiffary MR, Lee G, Kim HU. Efficient production of an antitumor precursor actinocin and other medicinal molecules from kynurenine pathway in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2024; 81:144-156. [PMID: 38043641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenine pathway has a potential to convert L-tryptophan into multiple medicinal molecules. This study aims to explore the biosynthetic potential of kynurenine pathway for the efficient production of actinocin, an antitumor precursor selected as a proof-of-concept target molecule. Kynurenine pathway is first constructed in Escherichia coli by testing various combinations of biosynthetic genes from four different organisms. Metabolic engineering strategies are next performed to improve the production by inhibiting a competing pathway, and enhancing intracellular supply of a cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine, and ultimately to produce actinocin from glucose. Metabolome analysis further suggests additional gene overexpression targets, which finally leads to the actinocin titer of 719 mg/L. E. coli strain engineered to produce actinocin is further successfully utilized to produce 350 mg/L of kynurenic acid, a neuroprotectant, and 1401 mg/L of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, an antioxidant, also from glucose. These competitive production titers demonstrate the biosynthetic potential of kynurenine pathway as a source of multiple medicinal molecules. The approach undertaken in this study can be useful for the sustainable production of molecules derived from kynurenine pathway, which are otherwise chemically synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sharma
- Systems Biology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Rifqi Ghiffary
- Systems Biology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - GaRyoung Lee
- Systems Biology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Systems Biology and Medicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Engineering Biology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea; BioProcess Engineering Research Center and BioInformatics Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Liang S, Zhao L, Ni P, Wang Q, Guo W, Xu Y, Cai J, Tao S, Li X, Deng W, Palaniyappan L, Li T. Frontostriatal circuitry and the tryptophan kynurenine pathway in major psychiatric disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:97-107. [PMID: 37735237 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE An imbalance of the tryptophan kynurenine pathway (KP) commonly occurs in psychiatric disorders, though the neurocognitive and network-level effects of this aberration are unclear. OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined the connection between dysfunction in the frontostriatal brain circuits, imbalances in the tryptophan kynurenine pathway (KP), and neurocognition in major psychiatric disorders. METHODS Forty first-episode medication-naive patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), fifty patients with bipolar disorder (BD), fifty patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and forty-two healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Plasma levels of KP metabolites were measured, and neurocognitive function was evaluated. Frontostriatal connectivity and KP metabolites were compared between groups while controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics. Canonical correlation analyses were conducted to explore multidimensional relationships between frontostriatal circuits-KP and KP-cognitive features. RESULTS Patient groups shared hypoconnectivity between bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and left insula, with disorder-specific dysconnectivity in SCZ related to PFC, left dorsal striatum hypoconnectivity. The BD group had higher anthranilic acid and lower xanthurenic acid levels than the other groups. KP metabolites and ratios related to disrupted frontostriatal dysconnectivity in a transdiagnostic manner. The SCZ group and MDD group separately had high-dimensional associations between KP metabolites and cognitive measures. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that KP may influence cognitive performance across psychiatric conditions via frontostriatal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugai Liang
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Centre & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Mental Health Centre & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiyan Ni
- Mental Health Centre & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Centre & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Centre & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Centre & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Cai
- Mental Health Centre & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiwan Tao
- Mental Health Centre & Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Centre & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Centre & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4H1R3, Canada.
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A5K8, Canada.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Centre & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000, Hangzhou, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310063, Hangzhou, China.
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Wan J, Cheng C, Hu J, Huang H, Han Q, Jie Z, Zou Q, Shi JH, Yu X. De novo NAD + synthesis contributes to CD8 + T cell metabolic fitness and antitumor function. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113518. [PMID: 38041812 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction and clonal constriction of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells are accompanied by alterations in cellular metabolism; however, how the cell-intrinsic metabolic pathway specifies intratumoral CD8+ T cell features remains elusive. Here, we show that cell-autonomous generation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) via the kynurenine pathway (KP) contributes to the maintenance of intratumoral CD8+ T cell metabolic and functional fitness. De novo NAD+ synthesis is involved in CD8+ T cell metabolism and antitumor function. KP-derived NAD+ promotes PTEN deacetylation, thereby facilitating PTEN degradation and preventing PTEN-dependent metabolic defects. Importantly, impaired cell-autonomous NAD+ synthesis limits CD8+ T cell responses in human colorectal cancer samples. Our results reveal that KP-derived NAD+ regulates the CD8+ T cell metabolic and functional state by restricting PTEN activity and suggest that modulation of de novo NAD+ synthesis could restore CD8+ T cell metabolic fitness and antitumor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wan
- Central Laboratory, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Microecological Metabolism Regulation, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring Western Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Han
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zuliang Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Jian-Hong Shi
- Central Laboratory, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Microecological Metabolism Regulation, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Prystupa TK, Sagan D, Kocki J, Kocki T, Szymanowski R, Bogucki J. Surgical resection of lung cancer inhibits mRNA expression of GOT2 gene encoding kynurenine aminotransferase in leukocytes. Ann Agric Environ Med 2023; 30:755-762. [PMID: 38153082 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/176813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumour. More than 80% of all diagnosed cases are non-small cell carcinoma which can be effectively treated by radical resection. Despite significant progress in the field of diagnostic and therapeutic methods, the results of lung cancer treatment are still unsatisfactory. Lung cancer is detected relatively late, which leads to an unfavourable prognosis. Kynurenine aminotransferases are an important element of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, which has recently aroused great interest from the aspect of possible use as a target point of personalized therapies in malignant tumours.The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of the selected gene of kynurenine aminotransferases GOT 2 at the mRNA level in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with lung cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mRNA expression of the GOT 2 gene was tested on blood samples from 50 patients treated surgically for non-small cell lung cancer.The control group consisted of 15 healthy individuals.The determination of mRNA expression of the GOT 2 gene was performed using the real-time PCR method.The GAPDH gene was used as the endogenous reference level. RESULTS The mRNA expression of the GOT2 gene on the 6th day after surgery was statistically significantly lower than before surgery (p = 0,05). In the study group, the average LogRQ mRNA expression of the GOT2 gene before the procedure was 0.192082±0.292174 in woman. This was statistically significantly higher than in men whose average LogRQ mRNA expression of the GOT2 gene before the procedure was 0.004210±0.235065 (p=0.0183). CONCLUSIONS Surgical resection of lung cancer results in inhibition of GOT2 mRNA expression in leukocytes. Further studies are expected to show whether it may be used as a target point for personalized therapies in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dariusz Sagan
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University in Lublin., Poland
| | | | - Jacek Bogucki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
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Dang H, Castro-Portuguez R, Espejo L, Backer G, Freitas S, Spence E, Meyers J, Shuck K, Gardea EA, Chang LM, Balsa J, Thorns N, Corban C, Liu T, Bean S, Sheehan S, Korstanje R, Sutphin GL. On the benefits of the tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse aging. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8338. [PMID: 38097593 PMCID: PMC10721613 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway influences molecular processes critical to healthy aging including immune signaling, redox homeostasis, and energy production. Aberrant kynurenine metabolism occurs during normal aging and is implicated in many age-associated pathologies including chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, and cancer. We and others previously identified three kynurenine pathway genes-tdo-2, kynu-1, and acsd-1-for which decreasing expression extends lifespan in invertebrates. Here we report that knockdown of haao-1, a fourth gene encoding the enzyme 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA) dioxygenase (HAAO), extends lifespan by ~30% and delays age-associated health decline in Caenorhabditis elegans. Lifespan extension is mediated by increased physiological levels of the HAAO substrate 3HAA. 3HAA increases oxidative stress resistance and activates the Nrf2/SKN-1 oxidative stress response. In pilot studies, female Haao knockout mice or aging wild type male mice fed 3HAA supplemented diet were also long-lived. HAAO and 3HAA represent potential therapeutic targets for aging and age-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Dang
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Luis Espejo
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Samuel Freitas
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Erica Spence
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jeremy Meyers
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Karissa Shuck
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Emily A Gardea
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Leah M Chang
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jonah Balsa
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Niall Thorns
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Teresa Liu
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | | | | | | | - George L Sutphin
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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46
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Marković M, Petronijević N, Stašević M, Stašević Karličić I, Velimirović M, Stojković T, Ristić S, Stojković M, Milić N, Nikolić T. Decreased Plasma Levels of Kynurenine and Kynurenic Acid in Previously Treated and First-Episode Antipsychotic-Naive Schizophrenia Patients. Cells 2023; 12:2814. [PMID: 38132134 PMCID: PMC10741951 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) catabolites exert neuroactive effects, with the plethora of evidence suggesting that kynurenic acid (KYNA), a catabolite of the kynurenine pathway (KP), acts as the regulator of glutamate and acetylcholine in the brain, contributing to the schizophrenia pathophysiology. Newer evidence regarding measures of KP metabolites in the blood of schizophrenia patients and from the central nervous system suggest that blood levels of these metabolites by no means could reflect pathological changes of TRP degradation in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate plasma concentrations of TRP, kynurenine (KYN) and KYNA at the acute phase and remission of schizophrenia in a prospective, case-control study of highly selected and matched schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals. Our study revealed significantly decreased KYN and KYNA in schizophrenia patients (p < 0.001), irrespective of illness state, type of antipsychotic treatment, number of episodes or illness duration and no differences in the KYN/TRP ratio between schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals. These findings could be interpreted as indices that kynurenine pathway might not be dysregulated in the periphery and that other factors contribute to observed disturbances in concentrations, but as our study had certain limitations, we cannot draw definite conclusions. Further studies, especially those exploring other body compartments that participate in kynurenine pathway, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Marković
- Clinic for Mental Disorders “Dr Laza Lazarević”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (I.S.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (M.V.); (T.S.)
| | - Nataša Petronijević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (M.V.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milena Stašević
- Clinic for Mental Disorders “Dr Laza Lazarević”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Ivana Stašević Karličić
- Clinic for Mental Disorders “Dr Laza Lazarević”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (I.S.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Priština—Kosovska Mitrovica, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Milica Velimirović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (M.V.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tihomir Stojković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (M.V.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Slavica Ristić
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Mina Stojković
- Clinic for Neurology, University Clinical Centre of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Nataša Milić
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Department for Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tatjana Nikolić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.P.); (M.V.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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47
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Liu JJ, Ching J, Wee HN, Liu S, Gurung RL, Lee J, M Y, Zheng H, Lee LS, Ang K, Shao YM, Kovalik JP, Subramaniam T, Sum CF, Sharma K, Kestenbaum BR, Lim SC. Plasma Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites and Risk for Progression to End-Stage Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:2223-2231. [PMID: 37796480 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to study the associations between plasma metabolites in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway and the risk of progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma tryptophan, kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, kynurenic acid, and xanthurenic acid concentrations were measured in discovery (n = 1,915) and replication (n = 346) cohorts. External validation was performed in Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) participants with diabetes (n = 1,312). The primary outcome was a composite of incident ESKD (progression to estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <15 mL/min/1.73 m2, sustained dialysis, or renal death). The secondary outcome was annual eGFR decline. RESULTS In the discovery cohort, tryptophan was inversely associated with risk for ESKD, and kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) was positively associated with risk for ESKD after adjustment for clinical risk factors, including baseline eGFR and albuminuria (adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] 0.62 [95% CI 0.51, 0.75] and 1.48 [1.20, 1.84] per 1 SD). High levels of kynurenic acid and xanthurenic acid were associated with low risks of ESKD (0.74 [0.60, 0.91] and 0.74 [0.60, 0.91]). Consistently, high levels of tryptophan, kynurenic acid, and xanthurenic acid were independently associated with a slower eGFR decline, while a high KTR was predictive of a faster eGFR decline. Similar outcomes were obtained in the replication cohort. Furthermore, the inverse association between kynurenic acid and risk of ESKD was externally validated in CRIC participants with diabetes (adjusted HR 0.78 [0.65, 0.93]). CONCLUSIONS Accelerated catabolism of tryptophan in the kynurenine pathway may be involved in progressive loss of kidney function. However, shunting the kynurenine pathway toward the kynurenic acid branch may potentially slow renal progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Sylvia Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Janus Lee
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yiamunaa M
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Huili Zheng
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Keven Ang
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yi Ming Shao
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Chee Fang Sum
- Diabetes Center, Admiralty Medical Center, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Precision Medicine, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX
| | - Bryan R Kestenbaum
- Kidney Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Diabetes Center, Admiralty Medical Center, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Heath, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Bessede A, Peyraud F, Le Moulec S, Cousin S, Cabart M, Chomy F, Rey C, Lara O, Odin O, Nafia I, Guegan JP, Italiano A. Upregulation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 in Tumor Cells and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures is a Hallmark of Inflamed Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4883-4893. [PMID: 37756581 PMCID: PMC10690088 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overexpression of the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been reported in several tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and has been shown to promote tumor-immune evasion and inhibit T-cell activation through increased tryptophan degradation and the production of several immunosuppressive metabolites collectively known as kynurenines. However, it remains unclear whether IDO1 expression by tumor cells is detrimental specifically in the context of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis blockade. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed the transcriptome of 891 NSCLC tumor samples from patients enrolled in two large randomized clinical trials investigating the safety and activity of atezolizumab, a humanized IgG1 mAb that targets PD-L1, versus docetaxel in patients with advanced NSCLC. We complemented these transcriptomics results at the protein level by using multiplex immunofluorescence and at the functional level with in vitro experiments. RESULTS The increased expression of the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme IDO1 was significantly associated with improved objective response, progression-free survival, and overall survival in patients treated with PD-L1 inhibitors, but not in those treated with chemotherapy. Strikingly, inflamed tumors had higher levels of IDO1, and IDO1 was also expressed in tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) by mature follicular dendritic cells. L-kynurenine impaired the differentiation of antibody-producing B cells induced by follicular helper T (Tfh)/B-cell interactions, a hallmark process within TLS. CONCLUSIONS IDO1 pathway in NSCLC is driven by the immune system rather than by tumor cells. Targeting IDO1 in combination with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 might be beneficial only in patients with inflamed tumors and particularly in those bearing TLS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvestre Le Moulec
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de Mont de Marsan, Mont de Marsan, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antoine Italiano
- Department of Medicine, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
- DITEP, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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49
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Sordillo LA, Sordillo PP. Suppression of Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase as a Treatment for Triple-negative Breast Carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2023; 43:5275-5282. [PMID: 38030171 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), a key enzyme within the kynurenine (KYN) pathway of tryptophan (TRY) metabolism, enables the excess production of toxic metabolites (such as 3-hydroxykynurenine, xanthurenic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and quinolinic acid), and modulates the balance between these toxic molecules and the protective metabolite, kynurenic acid (KYNA). Despite its importance, KMO suppression as a treatment for cancer has not been fully explored. Instead, researchers have focused on prevention of KYN pathway activity by inhibition of enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1 and IDO2) or tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO, also known as TDO2). However, studies using IDO/TDO inhibitors against cancer have not yet shown that this type of treatment can be successful. We argue that KMO suppression can be an effective strategy for treatment of cancer by 1) decreasing toxic metabolites within the KYN pathway and 2) increasing levels of KYNA, which has important protective and anticancer properties. This strategy may be beneficial in the treatment of aggressive breast cancer, particularly in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. A major challenge to this strategy, when searching for an effective treatment for tumors, especially tumors like breast carcinoma that often metastasize to the brain, is finding KMO inhibitors that adequately cross the blood-brain barrier.
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50
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Eryavuz Onmaz D, Tezcan D, Yilmaz S, Onmaz M, Unlu A. Altered kynurenine pathway metabolism and association with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1937-1947. [PMID: 37925676 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease accompanied by increased release of proinflammatory cytokines that are known to activate the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1) enzyme, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway (KP). This study aimed to measure KP metabolite levels in patients with SLE and investigate the relationship between disease activity, clinical findings, and KP. The study included 100 patients with SLE and 100 healthy controls. Serum tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK), quinolinic acid (QA) concentrations were measured with tandem mass spectrometry. Serum KYN, KYNA, 3HAA, 3HK, and QA levels of the patients with SLE were significantly higher than the control group. Serum QA levels were elevated in patients with neurological involvement (four patients with peripheral neuropathy and two patients with mononeuropathy), serum KYN levels and KYN/TRP ratio increased in patients with joint involvement, and serum KYN, 3HK, and 3HAA levels and the KYN/TRP ratio were increased in patients with renal involvement. Moreover, KYN and KYN/TRP ratios were positively correlated with the disease activity score. These findings indicated that imbalances in KP metabolites may be associated with the pathogenesis, activation, and clinical manifestations of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Eryavuz Onmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Alaaddin Keykubat Campus, Selcuklu, 42075, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Tezcan
- Division of Rheumatology, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Yilmaz
- Division of Rheumatology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Onmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ali Unlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Alaaddin Keykubat Campus, Selcuklu, 42075, Konya, Turkey
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