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Kostecka LG, Mendez S, Li M, Khare P, Zhang C, Le A, Amend SR, Pienta KJ. Cancer cells employ lipid droplets to survive toxic stress. Prostate 2024; 84:644-655. [PMID: 38409853 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid reprogramming is a known mechanism to increase the energetic demands of proliferating cancer cells to drive and support tumorigenesis and progression. Elevated lipid droplets (LDs) are a well-known alteration of lipid reprogramming in many cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa), and are associated with high tumor aggressiveness as well as therapy resistance. The mechanism of LD accumulation and specific LD functions are still not well understood; however, it has been shown that LDs can form as a protective mechanism against lipotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in the cell. METHODS This study investigated the significance of LDs in PCa. This was done by staining, imaging, image quantification, and flow cytometry analysis of LDs in PCa cells. Additionally, lipidomics and metabolomics experiments were performed to assess the difference of metabolites and lipids in control and treatment surviving cancer cells. Lastly, to assess clinical significance, multiple publicly available datasets were mined for LD-related data. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that prostate and breast cancer cells that survive 72 h of chemotherapy treatment have elevated LDs. These LDs formed in tandem with elevated reactive oxygen species levels to sequester damaged and excess lipids created by oxidative stress, which promoted cell survival. Additionally, by inhibiting diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) (which catalyzes triglyceride synthesis into LDs) and treating with chemotherapy simultaneously, we were able to decrease the overall amount of LDs and increase cancer cell death compared to treating with chemotherapy alone. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study proposes a potential combination therapy of DGAT1 inhibitors and chemotherapy to increase cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie G Kostecka
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Cancer Ecology Center, The James Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabrina Mendez
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Cancer Ecology Center, The James Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Melvin Li
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Cancer Ecology Center, The James Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pratik Khare
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cissy Zhang
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah R Amend
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Cancer Ecology Center, The James Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Cancer Ecology Center, The James Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Hamilton LK, M'Bra PEH, Mailloux S, Galoppin M, Aumont A, Fernandes KJL. Central inhibition of stearoyl-CoA desaturase has minimal effects on the peripheral metabolic symptoms of the 3xTg Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7742. [PMID: 38565895 PMCID: PMC10987571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence from genetic and epidemiological studies point to lipid metabolism defects in both the brain and periphery being at the core of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Previously, we reported that central inhibition of the rate-limiting enzyme in monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), improves brain structure and function in the 3xTg mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD). Here, we tested whether these beneficial central effects involve recovery of peripheral metabolic defects, such as fat accumulation and glucose and insulin handling. As early as 3 months of age, 3xTg-AD mice exhibited peripheral phenotypes including increased body weight and visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue as well as diabetic-like peripheral gluco-regulatory abnormalities. We found that intracerebral infusion of an SCD inhibitor that normalizes brain fatty acid desaturation, synapse loss and learning and memory deficits in middle-aged memory-impaired 3xTg-AD mice did not affect these peripheral phenotypes. This suggests that the beneficial effects of central SCD inhibition on cognitive function are not mediated by recovery of peripheral metabolic abnormalities. Given the widespread side-effects of systemically administered SCD inhibitors, these data suggest that selective inhibition of SCD in the brain may represent a clinically safer and more effective strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Hamilton
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Paule E H M'Bra
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Sophia Mailloux
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Manon Galoppin
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne Aumont
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Karl J L Fernandes
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
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Zhang D, Ding H, Liu C, Huang Y, Tai W, Feng S, Wang X, Zhao C, Li Y. Circulating exosome-mediated AMPKα-SIRT1 pathway regulates lipid metabolism disorders in calf hepatocytes. Res Vet Sci 2024; 169:105177. [PMID: 38350170 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Subclinical ketosis (SCK) in dairy cows is often misdiagnosed because it lacks clinical signs and detection indicators. However, it is highly prevalent and may transform into clinical ketosis if not treated promptly. Due to the negative energy balance, a large amount of fat is mobilized, producing NEFA that exceeds the upper limit of liver processing, which in turn leads to the disturbance of liver lipid metabolism. The silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is closely related to hepatic lipid metabolism disorders. Exosomes as signal transmitters, also play a role in the circulatory system. We hypothesize that the circulating exosome-mediated adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα)-SIRT1 pathway regulates lipid metabolism disorders in SCK cows. We extracted the exosomes required for the experiment from the peripheral circulating blood of non-ketotic (NK) and SCK cows. We investigated the effect of circulating exosomes on the expression levels of mRNA and protein of the AMPKα-SIRT1 pathway in non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA)-induced dairy cow primary hepatocytes using in vitro cell experiments. The results showed that circulating exosomes increased the expression levels of Lipolysis-related genes and proteins (AMPKα, SIRT1, and PGC-1α) in hepatocytes treated with 1.2 mM NEFA, and inhibited the expression of lipid synthesis-related genes and protein (SREBP-1C). The regulation of exosomes on lipid metabolism disorders caused by 1.2 mM NEFA treatment showed the same trend as for SIRT1-overexpressing adenovirus. The added exosomes could regulate NEFA-induced lipid metabolism in hepatocytes by mediating the AMPKα-SIRT1 pathway, consistent with the effect of transfected SIRT1 adenovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Hongyan Ding
- Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230031, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Wenjun Tai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Shibin Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China.
| | - Yu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China.
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Ji PX, Chen YX, Ni XX, Miao Q, Hua J. Effect of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2-associated alterations on lipid metabolism in macrophages in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:369-380. [PMID: 38012119 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) plays crucial roles in metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory response. Altered metabolic function in macrophages could modulate their activation and immune phenotype. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of TREM2 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to clarify the underlying mechanism of TREM2 on macrophages lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. METHODS Hepatic TREM2 expression and its relationship with NAFLD progression were analyzed in patients with NAFLD and mice fed a high-fat diet. Lipid metabolism and oxidative stress were investigated in macrophages from NAFLD mice or stimulated with saturated fatty acids. Knockdown and overexpression of TREM2 were further explored. RESULTS Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2+ macrophages were increased along with NAFLD development, characterized by aggravated steatosis and liver damage in humans and mice. TREM2 expression was upregulated and lipid metabolism was changed in macrophages from NAFLD mice or metabolically activated by saturated fatty acid in vitro, as demonstrated by increased lipid uptake and catabolism, but reduced de novo synthesis of fatty acids (FAs). Regulation of TREM2 expression in lipid-laden macrophages reprogrammed lipid metabolism, especially the fatty acid oxidation capacity of mitochondria. TREM2 knockdown promoted oxidative stress by aggravating FAs deposition in mitochondria. Intervention of mitochondrial FAs transport in lipid-laden macrophages alleviated FA deposition and reactive oxygen species production induced by TREM2 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 expression was associated with the lipid metabolic profile and reactive oxygen species production in macrophages. High expression of TREM2 in macrophages may protect the liver from oxidative stress in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Xuan Ji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xin Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Xi Ni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hua
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Li Y, Pan Y, Zhao X, Wu S, Li F, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhang Y, Gao X, Wang Y, Zhou H. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: A key link between lipid metabolism and cancer progression. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:332-345. [PMID: 38142478 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Lipids represent the essential components of membranes, serve as fuels for high-energy processes, and play crucial roles in signaling and cellular function. One of the key hallmarks of cancer is the reprogramming of metabolic pathways, especially abnormal lipid metabolism. Alterations in lipid uptake, lipid desaturation, de novo lipogenesis, lipid droplets, and fatty acid oxidation in cancer cells all contribute to cell survival in a changing microenvironment by regulating feedforward oncogenic signals, key oncogenic functions, oxidative and other stresses, immune responses, or intercellular communication. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors activated by fatty acids and act as core lipid sensors involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis and cell fate. In addition to regulating whole-body energy homeostasis in physiological states, PPARs play a key role in lipid metabolism in cancer, which is receiving increasing research attention, especially the fundamental molecular mechanisms and cancer therapies targeting PPARs. In this review, we discuss how cancer cells alter metabolic patterns and regulate lipid metabolism to promote their own survival and progression through PPARs. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for targeting PPARs in cancer based on recent studies from the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yujie Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shouwang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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6
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Yuan Z, Cai K, Li J, Chen R, Zhang F, Tan X, Jiu Y, Chang H, Hu B, Zhang W, Ding B. ATG14 targets lipid droplets and acts as an autophagic receptor for syntaxin18-regulated lipid droplet turnover. Nat Commun 2024; 15:631. [PMID: 38245527 PMCID: PMC10799895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic lipid storage organelles that can be degraded by autophagy machinery to release neutral lipids, a process called lipophagy. However, specific receptors and regulation mechanisms for lipophagy remain largely unknown. Here, we identify that ATG14, the core unit of the PI3KC3-C1 complex, also targets LD and acts as an autophagic receptor that facilitates LD degradation. A negative regulator, Syntaxin18 (STX18) binds ATG14, disrupting the ATG14-ATG8 family members interactions and subverting the PI3KC3-C1 complex formation. Knockdown of STX18 activates lipophagy dependent on ATG14 not only as the core unit of PI3KC3-C1 complex but also as the autophagic receptor, resulting in the degradation of LD-associated anti-viral protein Viperin. Furthermore, coronavirus M protein binds STX18 and subverts the STX18-ATG14 interaction to induce lipophagy and degrade Viperin, facilitating virus production. Altogether, our data provide a previously undescribed mechanism for additional roles of ATG14 in lipid metabolism and virus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Kun Cai
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ruifeng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Fuhai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xuan Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Haishuang Chang
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Binbin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
- Cell Architecture Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China.
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7
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Kumar R, Chhillar N, Gupta DS, Kaur G, Singhal S, Chauhan T. Cholesterol Homeostasis, Mechanisms of Molecular Pathways, and Cardiac Health: A Current Outlook. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102081. [PMID: 37716543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of lipoproteins, which regulate the transit of the lipid to and from tissues, is crucial to maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. Cardiac remodeling is referred to as a set of molecular, cellular, and interstitial changes that, following injury, affect the size, shape, function, mass, and geometry of the heart. Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which can be made from glucose, amino acids, or fatty acids, is the precursor for the synthesis of cholesterol. In this article, the authors explain concepts behind cardiac remodeling, its clinical ramifications, and the pathophysiological roles played by numerous various components, such as cell death, neurohormonal activation, oxidative stress, contractile proteins, energy metabolism, collagen, calcium transport, inflammation, and geometry. The levels of cholesterol are traditionally regulated by 2 biological mechanisms at the transcriptional stage. First, the SREBP transcription factor family regulates the transcription of crucial rate-limiting cholesterogenic and lipogenic proteins, which in turn limits cholesterol production. Immune cells become activated, differentiated, and divided, during an immune response with the objective of eradicating the danger signal. In addition to creating ATP, which is used as energy, this process relies on metabolic reprogramming of both catabolic and anabolic pathways to create metabolites that play a crucial role in regulating the response. Because of changes in signal transduction, malfunction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma, impairment of calcium handling, increases in cardiac fibrosis, and progressive loss of cardiomyocytes, oxidative stress appears to be the primary mechanism that causes the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. De novo cholesterol production, intestinal cholesterol absorption, and biliary cholesterol output are consequently crucial processes in cholesterol homeostasis. In the article's final section, the pharmacological management of cardiac remodeling is explored. The route of treatment is explained in different steps: including, promising, and potential strategies. This chapter offers a brief overview of the history of the study of cholesterol absorption as well as the different potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neelam Chhillar
- Deparetment of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, DY Patil University, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Dhruv Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Shailey Singhal
- Cluster of Applied Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Tanya Chauhan
- Division of Forensic Biology, National Forensic Sciences University, Delhi Campus (LNJN NICFS) Delhi, India
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Wang H, Zhu W, Yu Z. TOP1MT affects lipid metabolism of colorectal cancer via regulating the expression of DGAT2. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:656-658. [PMID: 37805317 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.09.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Wang
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ze Yu
- Laboratory of Cytobiology & Molecular Biology, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Narayanasamy R, Usharani D, Rajasekharan R. Elucidating the functional role of human ABHD16B lipase in regulating triacylglycerol mobilization and membrane lipid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 258:105353. [PMID: 37944658 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential biological macromolecules that play a pivotal role in various physiological processes and cellular homeostasis. ABHD16B, a member of the α/β-hydrolase domain (ABHD) superfamily protein, has emerged as a potential key regulator in lipid metabolism. However, the precise role of human ABHD16B in lipid metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we reported the overexpression of ABHD16B in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to determine its physiological relevance in lipid metabolism. Through in vivo [14C]acetate labeling experiments, we observed that overexpression of ABHD16B causes a decrease in cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) levels and a concurrent increase in phospholipid synthesis in wild-type cells. Mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis further corroborated these findings, showing a significant decrease in TAGs with a carbon chain length of 48 and an increase in major phospholipid species, specifically 34:2, upon overexpression of ABHD16B. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed a reduction in the number of lipid droplets in strains overexpressing ABHD16B, consistent with the observed decrease in neutral lipids. Additionally, qRT-PCR analysis indicated a high phospholipid synthetic activity of ABHD16B and a potential decrease in TAG levels in wild-type yeast, possibly due to upregulation of endogenous TAG hydrolytic enzymes, as confirmed using 3tglsΔ mutant strain. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis revealed significant modifications in fatty acid composition upon ABHD16B overexpression. Collectively, our results underscore the influence of ABHD16B overexpression on TAG levels, phospholipid synthesis, lipid droplet dynamics, and fatty acid composition. These findings reveal a complex interplay between TAG hydrolysis and phospholipid synthesis, highlighting the critical involvement of ABHD16B in lipid homeostasis and providing further insights into its regulatory function in cellular lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Narayanasamy
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Ram Rajasekharan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur 610005, India.
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Sinturel F, Chera S, Brulhart-Meynet MC, Montoya JP, Stenvers DJ, Bisschop PH, Kalsbeek A, Guessous I, Jornayvaz FR, Philippe J, Brown SA, D'Angelo G, Riezman H, Dibner C. Circadian organization of lipid landscape is perturbed in type 2 diabetic patients. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101299. [PMID: 38016481 PMCID: PMC10772323 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis in humans follows a diurnal pattern in muscle and pancreatic islets, altered upon metabolic dysregulation. We employ tandem and liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry to investigate daily regulation of lipid metabolism in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SAT) and serum of type 2 diabetic (T2D) and non-diabetic (ND) human volunteers (n = 12). Around 8% of ≈440 lipid metabolites exhibit diurnal rhythmicity in serum and SAT from ND and T2D subjects. The spectrum of rhythmic lipids differs between ND and T2D individuals, with the most substantial changes observed early morning, as confirmed by lipidomics in an independent cohort of ND and T2D subjects (n = 32) conducted at a single morning time point. Strikingly, metabolites identified as daily rhythmic in both serum and SAT from T2D subjects exhibit phase differences. Our study reveals massive temporal and tissue-specific alterations of human lipid homeostasis in T2D, providing essential clues for the development of lipid biomarkers in a temporal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Sinturel
- Division of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simona Chera
- Division of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marie-Claude Brulhart-Meynet
- Division of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Paz Montoya
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Jan Stenvers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, 1105 BA, the Netherlands
| | - Idris Guessous
- Department and Division of Primary Care Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Philippe
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Therapeutic Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Steven A Brown
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Knudsen CB, Nielsen J, Ørtenblad N, Mohr M, Overgaard K, Vigh-Larsen JF. No net utilization of intramuscular lipid droplets during repeated high-intensity intermittent exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E700-E710. [PMID: 37877795 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00298.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular lipids are stored as subsarcolemmal or intramyofibrillar droplets with potential diverse roles in energy metabolism. We examined intramuscular lipid utilization through transmission electron microscopy during repeated high-intensity intermittent exercise, an aspect that is hitherto unexplored. Seventeen moderately to well-trained males underwent three periods (EX1-EX3) of 10 × 45-s high-intensity cycling [∼100%-120% Wattmax (Wmax)] combined with maximal repeated sprints (∼250%-300% Wmax). M. vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained at baseline, after EX1, and EX3. During the complete exercise session, no net decline in either subsarcolemmal or intermyofibrillar lipid volume density occurred. However, a temporal relationship emerged for subsarcolemmal lipids with an ∼11% increase in droplet size after EX1 (P = 0.024), which reverted to baseline levels after EX3 accompanied by an ∼30% reduction in the numerical density of subsarcolemmal lipid droplets compared with both baseline (P = 0.019) and after EX1 (P = 0.018). Baseline distinctions were demonstrated with an approximately twofold higher intermyofibrillar lipid volume in type 1 versus type 2 fibers (P = 0.008), mediated solely by a higher number rather than the size of lipid droplets (P < 0.001). No fiber-type-specific differences were observed in subsarcolemmal lipid volume although type 2 fibers exhibited ∼17% larger droplets (P = 0.034) but a lower numerical density (main effect; P = 0.010) including 3% less droplets at baseline. Collectively, these findings suggest that intramuscular lipids do not serve as an important substrate during high-intensity intermittent exercise; however, the repeated exercise pattern mediated a temporal remodeling of the subsarcolemmal lipid pool. Furthermore, fiber-type- and compartment-specific differences were found at baseline underscoring the heterogeneity in lipid droplet deposition.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Undertaking a severe repeated high-intensity intermittent exercise protocol led to no net decline in neither subsarcolemmal nor intermyofibrillar lipid content in the thigh muscle of young moderately to well-trained participants. However, a temporal remodeling of the subsarcolemmal pool of lipid droplets did occur indicative of potential transient lipid accumulation. Moreover, baseline fiber-type distinctions in subcellular lipid droplet deposition were present underscoring the diversity in lipid droplet storage among fiber types and subcellular regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B Knudsen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Exercise Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joachim Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Centre of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Kristian Overgaard
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Exercise Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeppe F Vigh-Larsen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Exercise Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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12
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Bajpeyi S, Apaflo JN, Rosas V, Sepulveda-Rivera K, Varela-Ramirez A, Covington JD, Galgani JE, Ravussin E. Effect of an acute long-duration exercise bout on skeletal muscle lipid droplet morphology, GLUT 4 protein, and perilipin protein expression. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2771-2778. [PMID: 37368137 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Smaller lipid droplet morphology and GLUT 4 protein expression have been associated with greater muscle oxidative capacity and glucose uptake, respectively. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an acute long-duration exercise bout on skeletal muscle lipid droplet morphology, GLUT4, perilipin 3, and perilipin 5 expressions. METHODS Twenty healthy men (age 24.0 ± 1.0 years, BMI 23.6 ± 0.4 kg/m2) were recruited for the study. The participants were subjected to an acute bout of exercise on a cycle ergometer at 50% VO2max until they reached a total energy expenditure of 650 kcal. The study was conducted after an overnight fast. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained before and immediately after exercise for immunohistochemical analysis to determine lipid, perilipin 3, perilipin 5, and GLUT4 protein contents while GLUT 4 mRNA was quantified using RT-qPCR. RESULTS Lipid droplet size decreased whereas total intramyocellular lipid content tended to reduce (p = 0.07) after an acute bout of endurance exercise. The density of smaller lipid droplets in the peripheral sarcoplasmic region significantly increased (0.584 ± 0.04 to 0.638 ± 0.08 AU; p = 0.01) while larger lipid droplets significantly decreased (p < 0.05). GLUT4 mRNA tended to increase (p = 0.05). There were no significant changes in GLUT 4, perilipin 3, and perilipin 5 protein levels. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that exercise may impact metabolism by enhancing the quantity of smaller lipid droplets over larger lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Bajpeyi
- Metabolic, Nutrition, and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
| | - Jehu N Apaflo
- Metabolic, Nutrition, and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Victoria Rosas
- Metabolic, Nutrition, and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Keisha Sepulveda-Rivera
- Metabolic, Nutrition, and Exercise Research (MiNER) Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 University Ave, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Armando Varela-Ramirez
- The Cellular Characterization and Biorepository (CCB) Core Facility, Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Covington
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jose E Galgani
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Laboratory of Skeletal Muscle Physiology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Tracz-Gaszewska Z, Sowka A, Dobrzyn P. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 inhibition impairs triacylglycerol accumulation and lipid droplet formation in colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2888-2903. [PMID: 37814830 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Increases in fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis meet the higher lipid demand by intensely proliferating cancer cells and promoting their progression. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the key enzyme in FA biosynthesis, converting saturated FA (SFA) into monounsaturated FA (MUFA). Increases in the MUFA/SFA ratio and SCD1 expression have been observed in cancers of various origins and correlate with their aggressiveness. However, much is still unknown about the SCD1-dependent molecular mechanisms that promote specific changes in metabolic pathways of cancer cells. The present study investigated the involvement of SCD1 in shaping glucose and lipid metabolism in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Excess FAs that derive from de novo lipogenesis are stored in organelles, called lipid droplets (LDs), mainly in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesteryl esters. LD accumulation is associated with key features of cancer development and progression. Consistent with our findings, the pharmacological inhibition of SCD1 activity affects CRC cell viability and impairs TAG accumulation and LD formation in these cells through the activation of lipolytic and lipophagic pathways. We showed that SCD1 suppression affects crucial lipogenic processes that promote lipid accumulation in CRC cells but in a sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1-independent manner. We propose that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase contributes to these changes through the activation of lipolysis and inhibition of TAG synthesis. We also provide evidence of the involvement of SCD1 in the regulation of glucose uptake and utilization in CRC cells. These findings underscore the importance of SCD1 in regulating cellular processes that promote cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Tracz-Gaszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Sowka
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Doncheva AI, Li Y, Khanal P, Hjorth M, Kolset SO, Norheim FA, Kimmel AR, Dalen KT. Altered hepatic lipid droplet morphology and lipid metabolism in fasted Plin2-null mice. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100461. [PMID: 37844775 PMCID: PMC10716011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilipin 2 (Plin2) binds to the surface of hepatic lipid droplets (LDs) with expression levels that correlate with triacylglyceride (TAG) content. We investigated if Plin2 is important for hepatic LD storage in fasted or high-fat diet-induced obese Plin2+/+ and Plin2-/- mice. Plin2-/- mice had comparable body weights, metabolic phenotype, glucose tolerance, and circulating TAG and total cholesterol levels compared with Plin2+/+ mice, regardless of the dietary regime. Both fasted and high-fat fed Plin2-/- mice stored reduced levels of hepatic TAG compared with Plin2+/+ mice. Fasted Plin2-/- mice stored fewer but larger hepatic LDs compared with Plin2+/+ mice. Detailed hepatic lipid analysis showed substantial reductions in accumulated TAG species in fasted Plin2-/- mice compared with Plin2+/+ mice, whereas cholesteryl esters and phosphatidylcholines were increased. RNA-Seq revealed minor differences in hepatic gene expression between fed Plin2+/+ and Plin2-/- mice, in contrast to marked differences in gene expression between fasted Plin2+/+ and Plin2-/- mice. Our findings demonstrate that Plin2 is required to regulate hepatic LD size and storage of neutral lipid species in the fasted state, while its role in obesity-induced steatosis is less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanaska I Doncheva
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yuchuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Prabhat Khanal
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein O Kolset
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode A Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alan R Kimmel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Transgenic Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Zhou S, Chen M, Meng M, Ma N, Xie W, Shen X, Li Z, Chang G. Subclinical ketosis leads to lipid metabolism disorder by downregulating the expression of acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9892-9909. [PMID: 37690731 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Ketosis is a metabolic disease that often occurs in dairy cows postpartum and is a result of disordered lipid metabolism. Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) is important for balancing cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) metabolism; however, its role in subclinical ketotic dairy cows is unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential correlation between ACAT2 and lipid metabolism disorders in subclinical ketotic cows through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In the in vivo experiment, liver tissue and blood samples were collected from healthy cows (CON, n = 6, β-hydroxybutyric acid [BHBA] concentration <1.0 mM) and subclinical ketotic cows (subclinical ketosis [SCK], n = 6, BHBA concentration = 1.2-3.0 mM) to explore the effect of ACAT2 on lipid metabolism disorders in SCK cows. For the in vitro experiment, bovine hepatocytes (BHEC) were used as the model. The effects of BHBA on ACAT2 and lipid metabolism were investigated via BHBA concentration gradient experiments. Subsequently, the relation between ACAT2 and lipid metabolism disorder was explored by transfection with siRNA of ACAT2. Transcriptomics showed an upregulation of differentially expression genes during lipid metabolism and significantly lower ACAT2 mRNA levels in the SCK group. Compared with the CON group in vivo, the SCK group showed significantly higher expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and sterol regulator element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and significantly lower expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A), sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 (SREBP2), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR). Moreover, the SCK group had a significantly higher liver TG content and significantly lower plasma total cholesterol (TC) and free cholesterol content. These results were indicative of TG and cholesterol metabolism disorders in the liver of dairy cows with SCK. Additionally, the SCK group showed an increased expression of perilipin-2 (PLIN2), decreased expression of apolipoprotein B, and decreased plasma concentration of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C) by downregulating ACAT2, which indicated an accumulation of TG in liver. In vitro experiments showed that BHBA induced an increase in the TG content of BHEC, decreased content TC, increased expression of PPARγ and SREBP1c, and decreased expression of PPARα, CPT1A, SREBP2, and HMGCR. Additionally, BHBA increased the expression of PLIN2 in BHEC, decreased the expression and fluorescence intensity of ACAT2, and decreased the VLDL and LDL-C contents. Furthermore, silencing ACAT2 expression increased the TG content; decreased the TC, VLDL, and LDL-C contents; decreased the expression of HMGCR and SREBP2; and increased the expression of SREBP1c; but had no effect on the expression of PLIN2. These results suggest that ACAT2 downregulation in BHEC promotes TG accumulation and inhibits cholesterol synthesis, leading to TG and cholesterol metabolic disorders. In conclusion, ACAT2 downregulation in the SCK group inhibited cholesterol synthesis, increased TG synthesis, and reduced the contents of VLDL and LDL-C, eventually leading to disordered TG and cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shendong Zhou
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Mengru Chen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Meijuan Meng
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Nana Ma
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wan Xie
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China; Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia, P. R. China.
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Kim YJ, Oh SH, Lim JH, Cho JH, Jung HY, Kim CD, Park SH, Kwon TH, Kim YL. Impact of Ring Finger Protein 20 and Its Downstream Regulation on Renal Tubular Injury in a Unilateral Nephrectomy Mouse Model Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:4959. [PMID: 38068817 PMCID: PMC10708490 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal lipid metabolism increases the relative risk of kidney disease in patients with a single kidney. Using transcriptome analysis, we investigated whether a high-fat diet leads to abnormalities in lipid metabolism and induces kidney cell-specific damage in unilateral nephrectomy mice. Mice with unilateral nephrectomy fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks exhibited progressive renal dysfunction in proximal tubules, including lipid accumulation, vacuolization, and cell damage. Ring finger protein 20 (RNF20) is a ligase of nuclear receptor corepressor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The transcriptome analysis revealed the involvement of RNF20-related transcriptome changes in PPAR signaling, lipid metabolism, and water transmembrane transporter under a high-fat diet and unilateral nephrectomy. In vitro treatment of proximal tubular cells with palmitic acid induced lipotoxicity by altering RNF20, PPARα, and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) expression. PPARγ and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression decreased in collecting duct cells, regulating genetic changes in the water reabsorption process. In conclusion, a high-fat diet induces lipid accumulation under unilateral nephrectomy via altering RNF20-mediated regulation and causing functional damage to cells as a result of abnormal lipid metabolism, thereby leading to structural and functional kidney deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hyun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Intermanl Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Chan-Duck Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Sun-Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; (Y.-J.K.); (S.-H.O.); (J.-H.C.); (H.-Y.J.); (C.-D.K.); (S.-H.P.)
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Qin Z, Wang T, Zhao Y, Ma C, Shao Q. Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16039. [PMID: 38003229 PMCID: PMC10671748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are important organelles conserved across eukaryotes with a fascinating biogenesis and consumption cycle. Recent intensive research has focused on uncovering the cellular biology of LDs, with emphasis on their degradation. Briefly, two major pathways for LD degradation have been recognized: (1) lipolysis, in which lipid degradation is catalyzed by lipases on the LD surface, and (2) lipophagy, in which LDs are degraded by autophagy. Both of these pathways require the collective actions of several lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes, some of which have been purified and analyzed for their in vitro activities. Furthermore, several genes encoding these proteins have been cloned and characterized. In seed plants, seed germination is initiated by the hydrolysis of stored lipids in LDs to provide energy and carbon equivalents for the germinating seedling. However, little is known about the mechanism regulating the LD mobilization. In this review, we focus on recent progress toward understanding how lipids are degraded and the specific pathways that coordinate LD mobilization in plants, aiming to provide an accurate and detailed outline of the process. This will set the stage for future studies of LD dynamics and help to utilize LDs to their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Changle Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Qun Shao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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18
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Liu X, Lv M, Zhang W, Zhan Q. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism in cancer progression. Oncogene 2023; 42:3289-3302. [PMID: 37773204 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis has been implicated in the regulation of cellular and body metabolism. Hence, deregulated cholesterol homeostasis leads to the development of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. Recent studies have unveiled the connection between abnormal cholesterol metabolism and cancer development. Cholesterol homeostasis at the cellular level dynamically circulates between synthesis, influx, efflux, and esterification. Any dysregulation of this dynamic process disrupts cholesterol homeostasis and its derivatives, which potentially contributes to tumor progression. There is also evidence that cancer-related signals, which promote malignant progression, also regulate cholesterol metabolism. Here, we described the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and cancer hallmarks, with particular focus on the molecular mechanisms, and the anticancer drugs that target cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mengzhu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Qimin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- Soochow University Cancer Institute, Suzhou, 215127, China.
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19
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Metur SP, Klionsky DJ. SPART links autophagy machinery and lipid droplets in motor neurons. Autophagy 2023; 19:2835-2836. [PMID: 37573517 PMCID: PMC10549182 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2247311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, in the form of lipophagy, is an important catabolic pathway mediating the degradation of lipid droplets and mobilization of lipids for physiological function. However, the molecular mechanism and the protein receptors that link lipid droplets/LDs to the autophagy machinery remain unknown. Here, we discuss a recent study by Chung et al. that identifies SPART as the receptor for autophagy of lipid droplets that plays an important role in the turnover of triglycerides in motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shree Padma Metur
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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20
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Jeong DW, Park JW, Kim KS, Kim J, Huh J, Seo J, Kim YL, Cho JY, Lee KW, Fukuda J, Chun YS. Palmitoylation-driven PHF2 ubiquitination remodels lipid metabolism through the SREBP1c axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6370. [PMID: 37828054 PMCID: PMC10570296 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is the most common fatty acid in humans and mediates palmitoylation through its conversion into palmitoyl coenzyme A. Although palmitoylation affects many proteins, its pathophysiological functions are only partially understood. Here we demonstrate that PA acts as a molecular checkpoint of lipid reprogramming in HepG2 and Hep3B cells. The zinc finger DHHC-type palmitoyltransferase 23 (ZDHHC23) mediates the palmitoylation of plant homeodomain finger protein 2 (PHF2), subsequently enhancing ubiquitin-dependent degradation of PHF2. This study also reveals that PHF2 functions as a tumor suppressor by acting as an E3 ubiquitin ligase of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c), a master transcription factor of lipogenesis. PHF2 directly destabilizes SREBP1c and reduces SREBP1c-dependent lipogenesis. Notably, SREBP1c increases free fatty acids in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and the consequent PA induction triggers the PHF2/SREBP1c axis. Since PA seems central to activating this axis, we suggest that levels of dietary PA should be carefully monitored in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Won Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Kyeong Seog Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - June Huh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Jieun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ye Lee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Kwang-Woong Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Junji Fukuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yang-Sook Chun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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21
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Wang M, Yi X. Area difference between monolayers facilitates budding of lipid droplets from vesicles. Soft Matter 2023; 19:7494-7501. [PMID: 37674469 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00728f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles that play a central role in cellular lipid balance and energy homeostasis. Though extensive experimental studies have been carried out on LD biogenesis, relatively little is known about the mechanical interaction between LDs and vesicles, and in particular effects of area difference between vesicle leaflets on LD evolution are not theoretically rationalized. Here we theoretically explore how the monolayer area difference regulates the budding and morphological evolution of an LD embedded in the vesicle membrane. It is shown that both the monolayer area difference and interfacial energy strength, attributed to the LD-membrane contact, facilitate the LD budding with the confined LD evolving from a bulge to a spherical protrusion. The budding direction is towards the monolayer with more phospholipids. Outward and inward budding phase diagrams are established with respect to the interfacial energy strength and area ratio between the outer and inner monolayers. Moreover, the osmotic pressure of the vesicle promotes the LD budding at a small monolayer area difference and inhibits the budding at a relatively large monolayer area difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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22
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Duan S, Qin N, Pi J, Sun P, Gao Y, Liu L, Li Z, Li Y, Shi L, Gao Q, Qiu Y, Tang S, Wang CH, Chen TY, Wang ST, Young KC, Sun HY. Antagonizing apolipoprotein J chaperone promotes proteasomal degradation of mTOR and relieves hepatic lipid deposition. Hepatology 2023; 78:1182-1199. [PMID: 37013405 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Overnutrition-induced activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) dysregulates intracellular lipid metabolism and contributes to hepatic lipid deposition. Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) is a molecular chaperone and participates in pathogen-induced and nutrient-induced lipid accumulation. This study investigates the mechanism of ApoJ-regulated ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of mTOR, and a proof-of-concept ApoJ antagonist peptide is proposed to relieve hepatic steatosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS By using omics approaches, upregulation of ApoJ was found in high-fat medium-fed hepatocytes and livers of patients with NAFLD. Hepatic ApoJ level associated with the levels of mTOR and protein markers of autophagy and correlated positively with lipid contents in the liver of mice. Functionally, nonsecreted intracellular ApoJ bound to mTOR kinase domain and prevented mTOR ubiquitination by interfering FBW7 ubiquitin ligase interaction through its R324 residue. In vitro and in vivo gain-of-function or loss-of-function analysis further demonstrated that targeting ApoJ promotes proteasomal degradation of mTOR, restores lipophagy and lysosomal activity, thus prevents hepatic lipid deposition. Moreover, an antagonist peptide with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 2.54 µM interacted with stress-induced ApoJ and improved hepatic pathology, serum lipid and glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity in mice with NAFLD or type II diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS ApoJ antagonist peptide might be a potential therapeutic against lipid-associated metabolic disorders through restoring mTOR and FBW7 interaction and facilitating ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangdi Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Nong Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayi Pi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yating Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Lamei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zenghui Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyang Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Songqing Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology of College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Chun-Hsiang Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tainan Municipal Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Tian Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chia Young
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Sun
- Institute of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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23
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Ran H, Sun W, Wang L, Wang X, Yu H, Chen J, Liu F, Chao Z, Pu Q, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Li Z, Wan Y, Yuan J. Proteomics coupled transcriptomics reveals lipopolysaccharide inhibiting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors signalling pathway to reduce lipid droplets accumulation in mouse liver. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2300043. [PMID: 37269196 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are multifunctional organelles consisting of a central compartment of non-polar lipids shielded from the cytoplasm by a phospholipid monolayer. The excessive accumulation of LDs in cells is closely related to the development and progression of many diseases in humans and animals, such as liver-related and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, regulating the LDs size and abundance is necessary to maintain metabolic homeostasis. This study found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation reduced the LDs content in the mouse liver. We tried to explain the possible molecular mechanisms at the broad protein and mRNA levels, finding that inhibition of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signalling pathway by LPS may be a critical factor in reducing LDs content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Ran
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liting Wang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haili Yu
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyin Chao
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Pu
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youlong Zeng
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhangfu Li
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Wan
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangbei Yuan
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong Province, China
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24
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Lin Y, Ran L, Du X, Yang H, Wu Y. Oxysterol-Binding Protein: new insights into lipid transport functions and human diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159365. [PMID: 37455011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) mediates lipid exchange between organelles at membrane contact sites, thereby regulating lipid dynamics and homeostasis. How OSBP's lipid transfer function impacts health and disease remain to be elucidated. In this review, we first summarize the structural characteristics and lipid transport functions of OSBP, and then focus on recent progresses linking OSBP with fatty liver disease, diabetes, lysosome-related diseases, cancer and viral infections, with the aim of discovering novel therapeutic strategies for common human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Lin
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Liyuan Ran
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Ximing Du
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, School of Laboratory Animal & Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Institute for Genome Engineered Animal Models of Human Diseases, National Center of Genetically Engineered Animal Models for International Research, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China; Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York 10010, USA.
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25
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Chávez-Guevara IA, Hernández-Torres RP, Trejo-Trejo M, Moreno-Brito V, González-Rodríguez E, Ramos-Jiménez A. Association Among Different Aerobic Threshold Markers and FATmax in Men With Obesity. Res Q Exerc Sport 2023; 94:861-868. [PMID: 35512235 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2065235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This work studies the interrelation of the first ventilatory threshold (VT1), the heart rate inflection point (HRIP), and the exercise intensity at which blood lactate started to accumulate (LIAB) or increased 1 mmol∙L-1 above baseline (LT+1.0); and examinee their association with the exercise intensity eliciting maximal fat oxidation (FATmax). Methods: Eighteen young men with obesity performed an incremental-load exercise test on a treadmill after overnight fasting. Gas exchange, heart rate, and blood lactate concentration were recorded. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association among FATmax and AeT markers. A standard error of estimate (SEE) ≤9 beats∙min-1 and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were used to examine the accuracy of different AeT for predicting FATmax heart rate. Results: The FATmax occurred at 36±7%VO2peak before the HRIP (41±6%VO2peak), LIAB (42±10%VO2peak), LT+1.0 (61±9%VO2peak) and VT1 (40±7%VO2peak). Furthermore, the HRIP (R2= 0.71; SEE= 6 beats∙min-1; CCC=0.77), VT1 (R2= 0.76; SEE= 5 beats∙min-1; CCC=0.84) and LIAB (R2= 0.77; SEE= 5 beats∙min-1; CCC=0.85) were strongly associated to FATmax and showed an acceptable estimation error for predicting FATmax heart rate. Otherwise, LT+1.0 showed a moderate correlation with FATmax, a low accuracy for predicting FATmax HR (R2= 0.57; SEE= 7 beats∙min-1; CCC=0.66) and a poor agreement with the rest of AeT markers (Bias: +20%VO2peak). Conclusion: The HRIP, LIAB and VT1 did not perfectly captured the FATmax, however, these could be exchanged for predicting the FATmax heart rate in men with obesity. Moreover, the LT+1.0 should not be used for AeT or FATmax assessment in men with obesity.
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26
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Chung J, Park J, Lai ZW, Lambert TJ, Richards RC, Zhang J, Walther TC, Farese RV. The Troyer syndrome protein spartin mediates selective autophagy of lipid droplets. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1101-1110. [PMID: 37443287 PMCID: PMC10415183 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are crucial organelles for energy storage and lipid homeostasis. Autophagy of LDs is an important pathway for their catabolism, but the molecular mechanisms mediating LD degradation by selective autophagy (lipophagy) are unknown. Here we identify spartin as a receptor localizing to LDs and interacting with core autophagy machinery, and we show that spartin is required to deliver LDs to lysosomes for triglyceride mobilization. Mutations in SPART (encoding spartin) lead to Troyer syndrome, a form of complex hereditary spastic paraplegia1. Interfering with spartin function in cultured human neurons or murine brain neurons leads to LD and triglyceride accumulation. Our identification of spartin as a lipophagy receptor, thus, suggests that impaired LD turnover contributes to Troyer syndrome development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyun Chung
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joongkyu Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zon Weng Lai
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Talley J Lambert
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruth C Richards
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiuchun Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tobias C Walther
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Robert V Farese
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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27
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Abstract
Lipids play important roles in energy metabolism along with diverse aspects of biological membrane structure, signaling and other functions. Perturbations of lipid metabolism are responsible for the development of various pathologies comprising metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Accumulating evidence suggests that circadian oscillators, operative in most cells of our body, coordinate temporal aspects of lipid homeostasis. In this review we summarize current knowledge on the circadian regulation of lipid digestion, absorption, transportation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and storage. Specifically, we focus on the molecular interactions between functional clockwork and biosynthetic pathways of major lipid classes comprising cholesterol, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, glycosphingolipids, and sphingomyelins. A growing body of epidemiological studies associate a socially imposed circadian misalignment common in modern society with growing incidence of metabolic disorders, however the disruption of lipid metabolism rhythms in this connection has only been recently revealed. Here, we highlight recent studies that unravel the mechanistic link between intracellular molecular clocks, lipid homeostasis and development of metabolic diseases based on animal models of clock disruption and on innovative translational studies in humans. We also discuss the perspectives of manipulating circadian oscillators as a potentially powerful approach for preventing and managing metabolic disorders in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Petrenko
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Flore Sinturel
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
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28
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Hilton C, Sabaratnam R, Drakesmith H, Karpe F. Iron, glucose and fat metabolism and obesity: an intertwined relationship. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:554-563. [PMID: 37029208 PMCID: PMC10299911 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
A bidirectional relationship exists between adipose tissue metabolism and iron regulation. Total body fat, fat distribution and exercise influence iron status and components of the iron-regulatory pathway, including hepcidin and erythroferrone. Conversely, whole body and tissue iron stores associate with fat mass and distribution and glucose and lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle. Manipulation of the iron-regulatory proteins erythroferrone and erythropoietin affects glucose and lipid metabolism. Several lines of evidence suggest that iron accumulation and metabolism may play a role in the development of metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review we summarise the current understanding of the relationship between iron homoeostasis and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Hilton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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29
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Choi YM, Ajjaji D, Fleming KD, Borbat PP, Jenkins ML, Moeller BE, Fernando S, Bhatia SR, Freed JH, Burke JE, Thiam AR, Airola MV. Structural insights into perilipin 3 membrane association in response to diacylglycerol accumulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3204. [PMID: 37268630 PMCID: PMC10238389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38725-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles that contain an oil core mainly composed of triglycerides (TAG) that is surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and LD-associated proteins called perilipins (PLINs). During LD biogenesis, perilipin 3 (PLIN3) is recruited to nascent LDs as they emerge from the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we analyze how lipid composition affects PLIN3 recruitment to membrane bilayers and LDs, and the structural changes that occur upon membrane binding. We find that the TAG precursors phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol (DAG) recruit PLIN3 to membrane bilayers and define an expanded Perilipin-ADRP-Tip47 (PAT) domain that preferentially binds DAG-enriched membranes. Membrane binding induces a disorder to order transition of alpha helices within the PAT domain and 11-mer repeats, with intramolecular distance measurements consistent with the expanded PAT domain adopting a folded but dynamic structure upon membrane binding. In cells, PLIN3 is recruited to DAG-enriched ER membranes, and this requires both the PAT domain and 11-mer repeats. This provides molecular details of PLIN3 recruitment to nascent LDs and identifies a function of the PAT domain of PLIN3 in DAG binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Mi Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Dalila Ajjaji
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Kaelin D Fleming
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8N 1A1, Canada
| | - Peter P Borbat
- National Biomedical Resource for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance Technology (ACERT), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Meredith L Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8N 1A1, Canada
| | - Brandon E Moeller
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8N 1A1, Canada
| | - Shaveen Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Surita R Bhatia
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jack H Freed
- National Biomedical Resource for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance Technology (ACERT), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - John E Burke
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8N 1A1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Abdou Rachid Thiam
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Henne WM. The (social) lives, deaths, and biophysical phases of lipid droplets. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 82:102178. [PMID: 37295067 PMCID: PMC10782554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are major lipid storage organelles, sequestering energy-rich triglycerides and serving as nutrient sinks for cellular homeostasis. Observed for over a century but generally ignored, LDs are now appreciated to play key roles in organismal physiology and disease. They also form numerous functional contacts with other organelles. Here, we highlight recent studies examining LDs from distinct perspectives of their life cycle: their biogenesis, "social" life as they interact with other organelles, and deaths via lipolysis or lipophagy. We also discuss recent work showing how changes in LD lipid content alter the biophysical phases of LD lipids, and how this may fine-tune the LD protein landscape and ultimately LD function.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mike Henne
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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31
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Butovich IA, Wilkerson A, Goggans KR, Belyaeva OV, Kedishvili NY, Yuksel S. Sdr16c5 and Sdr16c6 control a dormant pathway at a bifurcation point between meibogenesis and sebogenesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104725. [PMID: 37075844 PMCID: PMC10206187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes Sdr16c5 and Sdr16c6 encode proteins that belong to a superfamily of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR16C5 and SDR16C6). Simultaneous inactivation of these genes in double-KO (DKO) mice was previously shown to result in a marked enlargement of the mouse Meibomian glands (MGs) and sebaceous glands, respectively. However, the exact roles of SDRs in physiology and biochemistry of MGs and sebaceous glands have not been established yet. Therefore, we characterized, for the first time, meibum and sebum of Sdr16c5/Sdr16c6-null (DKO) mice using high-resolution MS and LC. In this study, we demonstrated that the mutation upregulated the overall production of MG secretions (also known as meibogenesis) and noticeably altered their lipidomic profile, but had a more subtle effect on sebogenesis. The major changes in meibum of DKO mice included abnormal accumulation of shorter chain, sebaceous-type cholesteryl esters and wax esters (WEs), and a marked increase in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated and diunsaturated Meibomian-type WEs. Importantly, the MGs of DKO mice maintained their ability to produce typical extremely long chain Meibomian-type lipids at seemingly normal levels. These observations indicated preferential activation of a previously dormant biosynthetic pathway that produce shorter chain, and more unsaturated, sebaceous-type WEs in the MGs of DKO mice, without altering the elongation patterns of their extremely long chain Meibomian-type counterparts. We conclude that the Sdr16c5/Sdr16c6 pair may control a point of bifurcation in one of the meibogenesis subpathways at which biosynthesis of lipids can be redirected toward either abnormal sebaceous-type lipidome or normal Meibomian-type lipidome in WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Butovich
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| | - Amber Wilkerson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kelli R Goggans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Olga V Belyaeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Seher Yuksel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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32
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Zhao X, Amevor FK, Cui Z, Wan Y, Xue X, Peng C, Li Y. Steatosis in metabolic diseases: A focus on lipolysis and lipophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114311. [PMID: 36764133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs), as part of lipids, are involved in cell membrane composition, cellular energy storage, and cell signaling. FAs can also be toxic when their concentrations inside and/or outside the cell exceed physiological levels, which is called "lipotoxicity", and steatosis is a form of lipotoxity. To facilitate the storage of large quantities of FAs in cells, they undergo a process called lipolysis or lipophagy. This review focuses on the effects of lipolytic enzymes including cytoplasmic "neutral" lipolysis, lysosomal "acid" lipolysis, and lipophagy. Moreover, the impact of related lipolytic enzymes on lipid metabolism homeostasis and energy conservation, as well as their role in lipid-related metabolic diseases. In addition, we describe how they affect lipid metabolism homeostasis and energy conservation in lipid-related metabolic diseases with a focus on hepatic steatosis and cancer and the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of AMPK/SIRTs/FOXOs, PI3K/Akt, PPARs/PGC-1α, MAPK/ERK1/2, TLR4/NF-κB, AMPK/mTOR/TFEB, Wnt/β-catenin through immune inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy-related pathways. As well as the current application of lipolytic enzyme inhibitors (especially Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitors) to provide new strategies for future exploration of metabolic programming in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhifu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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33
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Kozan DW, Derrick JT, Ludington WB, Farber SA. From worms to humans: Understanding intestinal lipid metabolism via model organisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159290. [PMID: 36738984 PMCID: PMC9974936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is responsible for efficient absorption and packaging of dietary lipids before they enter the circulatory system. This review provides a comprehensive overview of how intestinal enterocytes from diverse model organisms absorb dietary lipid and subsequently secrete the largest class of lipoproteins (chylomicrons) to meet the unique needs of each animal. We discuss the putative relationship between diet and metabolic disease progression, specifically Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Understanding the molecular response of intestinal cells to dietary lipid has the potential to undercover novel therapies to combat metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darby W Kozan
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institute for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joshua T Derrick
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institute for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William B Ludington
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institute for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Steven A Farber
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institute for Science, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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34
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Waldman HS, Bryant AR, Knight SN, Killen LG, Davis BA, Robinson MA, O'Neal EK. Assessment of Metabolic Flexibility by Substrate Oxidation Responses and Blood Lactate in Women Expressing Varying Levels of Aerobic Fitness and Body Fat. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:581-588. [PMID: 35836305 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Waldman, HS, Bryant, AR, Knight, SN, Killen, LG, Davis, BA, Robinson, MA, and O'Neal, EK. Assessment of metabolic flexibility by substrate oxidation responses and blood lactate in women expressing varying levels of aerobic fitness and body fat. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 581-588, 2023-Collection of substrate oxidation responses during exercise is proposed as a noninvasive means for assessing metabolic flexibility in male subjects. However, because of hormonal and metabolic differences between sexes, this method may not be applicable to female subjects. This study assessed metabolic flexibility through indirect calorimetry across female subjects with different maximal oxidative capacities. Thirty-eight (18-45 years) eumenorrheic female subjects were stratified ( p < 0.05) based on V̇ o2 peak (mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ) into (1) endurance-trained (ET, n = 12, 42.6 ± 5.3), (2) recreationally active (RA, n = 13, 32.3 ± 1.6), or (3) overweight female subjects (OW, n = 13, 21.0 ± 4.0). Subjects completed the same 5-stage graded exercise test with intensities of 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 W. Lactate [La - ], carbohydrate (CHOox), and fat (FATox) oxidation rates were assessed during the last min of each 5-minute stage. Subjects then cycled to exhaustion to determine V̇ o2 peak. Endurance-trained and RA female subjects expressed significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) higher absolute rates and rates scaled to fat-free mass of CHOox and FATox compared with OW female subjects during multiple stages. [La - ] failed to consistently differentiate the 3 groups with higher [La - ] for OW only found during stage 4; however, RER differed by 0.09 units or more at each stage for OW vs. ET. It seems that RER was more sensitive to cohort characteristics than [La - ] contrasting recent findings in male cohorts. In conclusion, indirect calorimetry is a practical and noninvasive method for assessing metabolic flexibility in eumenorrheic female subjects of varying aerobic fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter S Waldman
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama; and
| | - Andrea R Bryant
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama; and
| | - Savanna N Knight
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama; and
| | - Lauren G Killen
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama; and
| | - Brett A Davis
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama
| | - Marcus A Robinson
- Department of Kinesiology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama
| | - Eric K O'Neal
- Human Performance Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of North Alabama, Florence, Alabama; and
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35
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Ji C, Zhang Z, Xu X, Song D, Zhang D. Hyperlipidemia impacts osteogenesis via lipophagy. Bone 2023; 167:116643. [PMID: 36513279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the impact of hyperlipidemia on bone tissue homeostasis is unclear, and the role of lipophagy is yet to be investigated. This study investigated changes in lipophagy and osteogenesis levels under hyperlipemic conditions and explored the effects of lipophagy on bone regeneration. In vivo, femurs of mice with diet-induced moderate hyperlipidemia were ground out with a ball drill to create defects. In vitro, mouse osteoblast cell lines were grown in two different concentrations of the high-fat medium. We found that at hyperphysiological of lipid conditions, activation of lipophagy restored osteoblast function in a way, and similar results were observed in mice with diet-induced hyperlipidemia. Still, at suprahyperphysiological concentrations of lipid culture, the activation of lipophagy further inhibited osteogenesis, and inhibition of autophagy instead promoted osteogenesis to a small extent. These results demonstrate that lipophagy functions differently in diverse high-fat environments, suggesting that cellular and organismal changes in response to high-fat stimuli are dynamic. This may provide new ideas for improving bone dysfunction caused by lipid metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonghao Ji
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanwei Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Song
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.
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Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related disease associated with loss of muscle mass and strength. This geriatric syndrome predisposes elderly individuals to a disability, falls, fractures, and death. Fat infiltration in muscle is one of the hallmarks of sarcopenia and aging. Alterations in fatty acid (FA) metabolism are evident in aging, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, with the accumulation of lipids inside muscle cells contributing to muscle insulin resistance and ceramide accumulation. These lipids include diacylglycerol, lipid droplets, intramyocellular lipids, intramuscular triglycerides, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In this review, we examine the regulation of lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, including lipid metabolization and storage, intervention, and the types of lipases expressed in skeletal muscle responsible for the breakdown of adipose triglyceride fats. In addition, we address the role of FAs in sarcopenia and the potential benefits of PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Saedi
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Institute of Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Danielle A Debruin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Institute of Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Institute of Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Laney Walker Blvd. CB2915, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Xie L, Yuan Y, Xu S, Lu S, Gu J, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Chen S, Li J, Lu J, Sun H, Hu R, Piao H, Wang W, Wang C, Wang J, Li N, White MF, Han L, Jia W, Miao J, Liu J. Downregulation of hepatic ceruloplasmin ameliorates NAFLD via SCO1-AMPK-LKB1 complex. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111498. [PMID: 36261001 PMCID: PMC10153649 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper deficiency has emerged to be associated with various lipid metabolism diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms that dictate the association between copper deficiency and metabolic diseases remain obscure. Here, we reveal that copper restoration caused by hepatic ceruloplasmin (Cp) ablation enhances lipid catabolism by promoting the assembly of copper-load SCO1-LKB1-AMPK complex. Overnutrition-mediated Cp elevation results in hepatic copper loss, whereas Cp ablation restores copper content to the normal level without eliciting detectable hepatotoxicity and ameliorates NAFLD in mice. Mechanistically, SCO1 constitutively interacts with LKB1 even in the absence of copper, and copper-loaded SCO1 directly tethers LKB1 to AMPK, thereby activating AMPK and consequently promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, this study reveals a mechanism by which copper, as a signaling molecule, improves hepatic lipid catabolism, and it indicates that targeting copper-SCO1-AMPK signaling pathway ameliorates NAFLD development by modulating AMPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xie
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yanmei Yuan
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Simiao Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jinyang Gu
- Department of Transplantation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200042, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xianjing Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jian Li
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Junxi Lu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Honglin Sun
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ruixiang Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Hailong Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Wen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Morris F White
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liu Han
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ji Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Huang X, Zhuo Y, Jiang D, Zhu Y, Fang Z, Che L, Lin Y, Xu S, Hua L, Zou Y, Huang C, Li L, Wu D, Feng B. Maternal Low-Protein Diet during Puberty and Adulthood Aggravates Lipid Metabolism of Their Offspring Fed a High-Fat Diet in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194057. [PMID: 36235710 PMCID: PMC9570549 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A maternal low-protein (LP) diet during gestation and/or lactation results in metabolic syndrome in their offspring. Here, we investigated the effect of maternal LP diet during puberty and adulthood on the metabolic homeostasis of glucose and lipids in offspring. Female mice were fed with normal-protein (NP) diet or a LP diet for 11 weeks. Male offspring were then fed with a high-fat diet (NP-HFD and LP-HFD groups) or standard chow diet (NP-Chow and LP-Chow groups) for 4 months. Results showed that maternal LP diet during puberty and adulthood did not alter the insulin sensitivity and hepatic lipid homeostasis of their offspring under chow diet, but aggravated insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and hypercholesterolemia of offspring in response to a post-weaning HFD. Accordingly, transcriptomics study with offspring’s liver indicated that several genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism, including lipoprotein lipase (Lpl), long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (Acsl1), Apoprotein A1 (Apoa1), major urinary protein 19 (Mup19), cholesterol 7α hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) and fibroblast growth factor 1 (Fgf1), were changed by maternal LP diet. Taken together, maternal LP diet during puberty and adulthood could disarrange the expression of metabolic genes in the liver of offspring and aggravate insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in offspring fed a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yingguo Zhu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence:
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Wu D, Hou Y, Cheng J, Han T, Hao N, Zhang B, Fan X, Ji X, Chen F, Gong D, Wang L, McGinn P, Zhao L, Chen S. Transcriptome analysis of lipid metabolism in response to cerium stress in the oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis oculata. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156420. [PMID: 35660445 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nannochloropsis oculata can accumulate large amounts of lipids under rare earth element (REE) conditions. However, the lipid accumulation mechanism responsible for REE stress has not been elucidated. In this study, the effects of cerium (the most abundant REE) on the growth and lipid accumulation of N. oculata were investigated. The de novo transcriptome data of N. oculata under cerium conditions were subsequently collected and analyzed. The results showed that N. oculata exhibited good cerium-resistance ability, showed slightly decrease in biomass but significantly increase in lipid content (55.8 % dry cell weight) under 6.0 mg/L cerium condition. Meanwhile, about 83.4 % cerium was biological fixated. Through transcriptome analysis, we found that the inhibited photosynthesis and carbon fixation pathways coupled with the stress-sensitive expression of ribosome biogenesis genes acclimatized the cells to REE stress. The active glycolysis pathway accelerated carbon flux to pyruvate and acetyl-CoA, and the upregulation of glycerol kinase and phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase genes further induced lipid accumulation. In addition, cerium downregulated the acyl-CoA oxidase and triacylglycerol lipase genes, which inhibited the degradation of lipids. Therefore, different responses to cerium demonstrate how N. oculata cells adapt to REE stress, and this knowledge may be used to extend our understanding of triacylglycerol (TAG) and the synthesis of other important metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Yuyong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Tong Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Nahui Hao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Department of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology Trade School, Bengbu 233080, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- Department of Food Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology Trade School, Bengbu 233080, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China.
| | - Fangjian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Donghui Gong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Patrick McGinn
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Building M-58, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Shulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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Luo G, Xiang L, Xiao L. Acetyl-CoA Deficiency Is Involved in the Regulation of Iron Overload on Lipid Metabolism in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154966. [PMID: 35956917 PMCID: PMC9370536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary iron supplementation in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of excess dietary iron on NAFLD development and the underlying mechanism. Apolipoprotein E knockout mice were fed a chow diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or an HFD containing 2% carbonyl iron (HFD + Fe) for 16 weeks. The serum and liver samples were acquired for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation were performed to identify differentially expressed proteins in different groups. Excess dietary iron alleviated HFD-induced NAFLD, as evidenced by significant decreases in serum/the hepatic accumulation of lipids and the NAFLD scores in HFD + Fe-fed mice compared with those in HFD-fed mice. The hepatic acetyl-CoA level was markedly decreased in the HFD + Fe group compared with that in the HFD group. Important enzymes involved in the source and destination of acetyl-CoA were differentially expressed between the HFD and HFD + Fe groups, including the enzymes associated with cholesterol metabolism, glycolysis, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Furthermore, iron overload-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress occurred in mouse liver, as evidenced by decreases in the mitochondrial membrane potential and antioxidant expression. Therefore, iron overload regulates lipid metabolism by leading to an acetyl-CoA shortage that reduces cholesterol biosynthesis and might play a role in NAFLD pathogenesis. Iron overload-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may impair acetyl-CoA formation from pyruvate and β-oxidation. Our study provides acetyl-CoA as a novel perspective for investigating the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Luo
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lu Xiang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-731-8448-7130
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Stierwalt HD, Morris EM, Maurer A, Apte U, Phillips K, Li T, Meers GME, Koch LG, Britton SL, Graf G, Rector RS, Mercer K, Shankar K, Thyfault JP. Rats with high aerobic capacity display enhanced transcriptional adaptability and upregulation of bile acid metabolism in response to an acute high-fat diet. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15405. [PMID: 35923133 PMCID: PMC9350427 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rats selectively bred for the high intrinsic aerobic capacity runner (HCR) or low aerobic capacity runner (LCR) show pronounced differences in susceptibility for high-fat/high sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, replicating the protective effect of high aerobic capacity in humans. We have previously shown multiple systemic differences in energy and substrate metabolism that impacts steatosis between HCR and LCR rats. This study aimed to investigate hepatic-specific mechanisms of action via changes in gene transcription. Livers of HCR rats had a greater number of genes that significantly changed in response to 3-day HFHS compared with LCR rats (171 vs. 75 genes: >1.5-fold, p < 0.05). HCR and LCR rats displayed numerous baseline differences in gene expression while on a low-fat control diet (CON). A 3-day HFHS diet resulted in greater expression of genes involved in the conversion of excess acetyl-CoA to cholesterol and bile acid (BA) synthesis compared with the CON diet in HCR, but not LCR rats. These results were associated with higher fecal BA loss and lower serum BA concentrations in HCR rats. Exercise studies in rats and mice also revealed higher hepatic expression of cholesterol and BA synthesis genes. Overall, these results suggest that high aerobic capacity and exercise are associated with upregulated BA synthesis paired with greater fecal excretion of cholesterol and BA, an effect that may play a role in protection against hepatic steatosis in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison D. Stierwalt
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
- Research ServiceKansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - E. Matthew Morris
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Adrianna Maurer
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | | | - Tiangang Li
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Grace M. E. Meers
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Division of Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
| | | | - Greg Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesSaha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - R. Scott Rector
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Division of Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Research ServiceHarry S Truman Memorial VA HospitalColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Kelly Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Section of Nutrition, Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - John P. Thyfault
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
- Research ServiceKansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
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Abstract
Prolonged excess of glucocorticoids (GCs) has adverse systemic effects leading to significant morbidities and an increase in mortality. Metabolic alterations associated with the high level of the GCs are key risk factors for the poor outcome. These include GCs causing excess gluconeogenesis via upregulation of key enzymes in the liver, a reduction of insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue by inhibiting the insulin receptor signalling pathway, and inhibition of insulin secretion in beta cells leading to dysregulated glucose metabolism. In addition, chronic GC exposure leads to an increase in visceral adipose tissue, as well as an increase in lipolysis resulting in higher circulating free fatty acid levels and in ectopic fat deposition. Remission of hypercortisolism improves these metabolic changes, but very often does not result in full resolution of the abnormalities. Therefore, long-term monitoring of metabolic variables is needed even after the resolution of the excess GC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Salehidoost
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Zhang HS, Li C, Li YT, Jin YP, Liu W, Chen HT. [Research progress on the regulation of mammalian energy metabolism by the circadian clock system and gut microbiota]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2022; 74:443-460. [PMID: 35770642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian internal circadian clock system has been evolved to adapt to the diurnal changes in the internal and external environment of the organism to regulate diverse physiological functions, such as the sleep-wake cycle and feeding rhythm, thereby coordinating the rhythmic changes of energy demand and nutrition supply in each diurnal cycle. The circadian clock regulates glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and hormones secretion in diverse tissues and organs, including the liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, heart, and vessels. As a special "organ" of the host, the gut microbiota, together with the intestinal microenvironment (tissues, cells, and metabolites) in a co-evolutionary process, constitutes a micro-ecosystem and plays an important role in the process of nutrient digestion and absorption in the intestine of the host. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates that the compositions, quantities, colonization, and functional activities of the gut microbiota exhibit significant circadian variations, which are closely related to the changes of various physiological functions under the regulation of host circadian clock system. In addition, several studies have shown that the gut microbiota can produce many important metabolites such as the short-chain fatty acids through the degradation of indigestive dietary fibers. A portion of gut microbiota-derived metabolites can regulate the circadian clock system and metabolism of the host. This article mainly discusses the interaction between the host circadian clock system and the gut microbiota, and highlights its influence on energy metabolism of the host, providing a novel clues and thought for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Sen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ya-Ting Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ya-Ping Jin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hua-Tao Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China. ;
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Zhang C, Zhu N, Li H, Gong Y, Gu J, Shi Y, Liao D, Wang W, Dai A, Qin L. New dawn for cancer cell death: Emerging role of lipid metabolism. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101529. [PMID: 35714911 PMCID: PMC9237930 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to cell death, a protective mechanism for removing damaged cells, is a "Hallmark of Cancer" that is essential for cancer progression. Increasing attention to cancer lipid metabolism has revealed a number of pathways that induce cancer cell death. SCOPE OF REVIEW We summarize emerging concepts regarding lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer that is mainly involved in lipid uptake and trafficking, de novo synthesis and esterification, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, lipogenesis, and lipolysis. During carcinogenesis and progression, continuous metabolic adaptations are co-opted by cancer cells, to maximize their fitness to the ever-changing environmental. Lipid metabolism and the epigenetic modifying enzymes interact in a bidirectional manner which involves regulating cancer cell death. Moreover, lipids in the tumor microenvironment play unique roles beyond metabolic requirements that promote cancer progression. Finally, we posit potential therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism to improve treatment efficacy and survival of cancer patient. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The profound comprehension of past findings, current trends, and future research directions on resistance to cancer cell death will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China; TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Neng Zhu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410021, PR China
| | - Hongfang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Gong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Jia Gu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Yaning Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Duanfang Liao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
| | - Aiguo Dai
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China; Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China; Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
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Abstract
Lipid oxidation has significant effects on lipid bilayer properties; these effects can be expected to extend to interactions between the lipid bilayer and integral membrane proteins. Given that G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activity is known to depend on the properties of the surrounding lipid bilayer, these proteins represent an intriguing class of molecules in which the impact of lipid oxidation on protein behavior is studied. Here, we study the effects of lipid oxidation on the human serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1AR). Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) containing integral 5-HT1AR were fabricated by the hydrogel swelling method; these GUVs contained polyunsaturated 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PLinPC) and its oxidation product 1-palmitoyl-2-(9'-oxo-nonanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PoxnoPC) at various ratios. 5-HT1AR-integrated GUVs were also fabricated from lipid mixtures that had been oxidized by extended exposure to the atmosphere. Both types of vesicles were used to evaluate 5-HT1AR activity using an assay to quantify GDP-GTP exchange by the coupled G protein α subunit. Results indicated that 5-HT1AR activity increases significantly in bilayers containing oxidized lipids. This work is an important step in understanding how hyperbaric oxidation can change plasma membrane properties and lead to physiological dysfunction.
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Woyames J, Souza AFP, Miranda RA, Oliveira LS, Caetano B, Andrade CBV, Fortunato RS, Atella GC, Trevenzoli IH, Souza LL, Pazos-Moura CC. Maternal high-fat diet aggravates fructose-induced mitochondrial damage in skeletal muscles and causes differentiated adaptive responses on lipid metabolism in adult male offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 104:108976. [PMID: 35245653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with metabolic disturbances in the offspring. Fructose is a highly consumed lipogenic sugar; however, it is unknown whether skeletal muscle of maternal HFD offspring respond differentially to a fructose overload. Female Wistar rats received standard diet (STD: 9% fat) or isocaloric high-fat diet (HFD: 29% fat) during 8 weeks before mating until weaning. After weaning, male offspring received STD and, from 120 to 150 days-old, they drank water or 15% fructose in water (STD-F and HFD-F). At 150th day, we collected the oxidative soleus and glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Fructose-treated groups exhibited hypertriglyceridemia, regardless of maternal diet. Soleus of maternal HFD offspring showed increased triglycerides and monounsaturated fatty acid content, independent of fructose, with increased fatty acid transporters and lipogenesis markers. The EDL exhibited unaltered triglycerides content, with an apparent equilibrium between lipogenesis and lipid oxidation markers in HFD, and higher lipid uptake (fatty acid-binding protein 4) accompanied by enhanced monounsaturated fatty acid in fructose-treated groups. Mitochondrial complexes proteins and Tfam mRNA were increased in the soleus of HFD, while uncoupling protein 3 was decreased markedly in HFD-F. In EDL, maternal HFD increased ATP synthase, while fructose decreased Tfam predominantly in STD offspring. Maternal HFD and fructose induced mitochondria ultrastructural damage, intensified in HFD-F in both muscles. Thus, alterations in molecular markers of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in response to fructose are modified by an isocaloric and moderate maternal HFD and are fiber-type specific, representing adaptation/maladaptation mechanisms associated with higher skeletal muscle fructose-induced mitochondria injury in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Woyames
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lorraine Soares Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Caetano
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Laboratory of Lipid and Lipoproteins Biochemistry, Leopoldo de Meis Medical Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isis Hara Trevenzoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luana Lopes Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Huang L, Chen Z, Chen R, Lin L, Ren L, Zhang M, Liu L. Increased fatty acid metabolism attenuates cardiac resistance to β-adrenoceptor activation via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: A potential mechanism of hypoglycemia-induced myocardial injury in diabetes. Redox Biol 2022; 52:102320. [PMID: 35462320 PMCID: PMC9046456 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of severe hypoglycemia (SH)-induced cardiovascular disease in diabetes remains unknown. Our previous study found that SH inhibits cardiac function and lipid metabolism in diabetic mice. Conversely, in nondiabetic mice, SH does not induce cardiac dysfunction but promotes cardiac lipid metabolism. This study aims to clarify the effect of increased fatty acid metabolism on the resistance of cardiomyocytes to β-adrenoceptor activation during hypoglycemia in diabetes. Results revealed that cardiomyocytes with enhanced lipid metabolism were more vulnerable to damage due to β-adrenoceptor activation, which presented as decreased cell viability, disorder of mitochondrial structure, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, dysfunction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, nonapoptotic damage, and accumulation of ROS and calcium from mitochondria to cytoplasm, all of which were partially reversed by mitochondrial antioxidant Mito-TEMPO. The SH-induced cardiac dysfunction, and reduction of myocardial energy metabolism in diabetic mice were rescued by Mito-TEMPO. Our findings indicate that high fatty acid metabolism crippled cardiac resistance to β-adrenoceptor hyperactivation, with mitochondrial ROS playing a pivotal role in this process. Reducing mitochondrial ROS in diabetes could disrupt this synergistic effect and prevent poor cardiac outcomes caused by SH. Fatty acid metabolism lowers cardiac resistance to β-adrenoceptor activation via mtROS. Pretreatment with mitochondrial antioxidants prevents SH-induced cardiac outcomes. This synergistic effect might explicate the progression of other CV diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruiyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingjia Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meilian Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Province Hospital for Women and Children, Fuzhou, China
| | - Libin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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48
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Wang W, Guan J, Zong Y, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Wang H. Proteomics analysis of lipid droplets in mouse neuroblastoma cells. Acta Biochim Pol 2022; 69:399-407. [PMID: 35616622 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular droplets containing phospholipids and neutral lipids. It is well known that LDs are organelles with a rich proteome. In the nervous system, these droplets may play an important role in maintaining the normal physiological function of nerve cells. Moreover, LDs may relate to the neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, more information is still needed about the function of LDs. In the study presented here, we identified the protein composition of mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cell LDs using immunodetection and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Seventy three LDs proteins were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the potential functions of these proteins. Subsequently, the relationships among the proteins were analyzed by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. N2a cell LDs contain multiple Rab GTPases, chaperones, and proteins involved in ubiquitination and transport. Some of these proteins were known to modulate LD formation and were related to the function of nerve cells. This work presents the proteome of N2a cell LDs and will help to identify the role of LDs in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahao Guan
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yu Zong
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Qiuxian Zhang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of basic medical sciences, Xinxiang medical university, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hecheng Wang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
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49
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Gao Y, Ma K, Kang Y, Liu W, Liu X, Long X, Hayashi T, Hattori S, Mizuno K, Fujisaki H, Ikejima T. Type I collagen reduces lipid accumulation during adipogenesis of preadipocytes 3T3-L1 via the YAP-mTOR-autophagy axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159181. [PMID: 35595017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates cell behavior through signal transduction and provides a suitable place for cell survival. As one of the major components of the extracellular matrix, type I collagen is involved in regulating cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. We present a system in which 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells are induced for adipogenic differentiation on type I collagen coated dishes. Our previous study has found that type I collagen inhibits adipogenic differentiation via YAP activation. Here we further reveal that type I collagen inactivates autophagy by up-regulating mTOR activity via the YAP pathway. Under collagen-coating conditions, co-localization of lysosomes with mTOR was increased and the level of downstream protein p-S6K was elevated, accompanied by a decrease in the level of autophagy. Autophagy is negatively correlated with adipogenesis under type I collagen coating. Through the YAP-autophagy axis, type I collagen improves glycolipid metabolism accompanied by increased mitochondrial content, enhanced glucose uptake, reduced release of free fatty acids (FFAs) and decreased intracellular lipid accumulation. Our findings provide insight into the strategy for dealing with obesity: Type I collagen or the drugs with inhibitory effects on autophagy or YAP, have a potential to accelerate the energy metabolism of adipose tissue, so as to better maintain the homeostasis of glucose and lipids in the body, which can be used for achieving weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Gao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Kang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyu Long
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China; Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1, Nakanomachi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Hitomi Fujisaki
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development Liaoning Province, Liaoning, China.
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50
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Li MY, Li LJ, Ma CW, Gao BH. [Exercise regulates lipid metabolism via lipophagy and its molecular mechanisms]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2022; 74:309-319. [PMID: 35503079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipophagy is a kind of selective autophagy, which can selectively identify and degrade lipid droplets and plays an important role in regulating cellular lipid metabolism and maintaining intracellular lipid homeostasis. Exercise can induce lipophagy and it is also an effective means of reducing body fat. In this review, we summarized the relationship between exercise and lipophagy in the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, and the possible molecular mechanisms to provide a new clue for the prevention and treatment of fatty liver, obesity and other related metabolic diseases by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ying Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ling-Jie Li
- School of Physical Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chun-Wei Ma
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bing-Hong Gao
- School of Physical Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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