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Wu R, Chen X, Wu H, Hu Y, Wang G, Wang H, Yang B, Fu J, Gao Y, Pi J, Xu Y. Nrf2 activation contributes to hepatic tumor-augmenting effects of developmental arsenic exposure. Sci Total Environ 2022; 837:155685. [PMID: 35523338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developmental arsenic exposure increases cancer risk in later life with the mechanism elusive. Oxidative stress is a dominant determinant in arsenic toxicity. However, the role of Nrf2, a key regulator in antioxidative response, in tumor-augmenting effects by developmental arsenic exposure is unclear. In the present study, wild-type C57BL/6J and Nrf2-konckout (Nrf2-KO) were developmentally exposed to inorganic arsenic via drinking water. For hepatic tumorigenesis analysis, mice were intraperitoneally injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at two weeks of age. Developmental arsenic exposure aggravated tumor multiplicity and burden, and expression of PCNA and AFP in hepatic tumors induced by DEN. Nrf2 activation as indicated by over-expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes, including Gss, Gsr, p62, Gclc and Gclm, was found in liver tumors, as well as in the livers in developmentally arsenic-exposed pups at weaning. Notably, Nrf2 deficiency attenuated tumor-augmenting effects and over-expression of Nrf2 downstream genes due to developmental arsenic exposure. Furthermore, the levels of urinary DEN metabolite (acetaldehyde) and hepatic DNA damage markers (O6-ethyl-2-deoxyguanosine adducts and γ-histone H2AX) after DEN treatment were elevated by Nrf2 agonist, 2-Cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-imidazolide. Collectively, our data suggest that augmentation of DEN-induced hepatic tumorigenesis by developmental arsenic exposure is dependent on Nrf2 activation, which may be related to the role of Nrf2 in DEN metabolic activation. Our findings reveal, at least in part, the mechanism underlying increased susceptibility to developing cancer due to developmental arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Wu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hengchao Wu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bei Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingqi Fu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; The Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Toxic and Biological Effects of Arsenic, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Liu G, Wang N, Zhang C, Li M, He X, Yin C, Tu Q, Shen X, Zhang L, Lv J, Wang Y, Jiang H, Chen S, Li N, Tao Y, Yin H. Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase B Depletion Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis Through Activating Insulin Receptor Signaling and Lipogenesis. Hepatology 2021; 74:3037-3055. [PMID: 34292642 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Insulin receptor (IR) transduces cell surface signal through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathways or translocates to the nucleus and binds to the promoters to regulate genes associated with insulin actions, including de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Chronic activation of IR signaling drives malignant transformation, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Down-regulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (ALDO) B in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is correlated with poor prognosis. We aim to study whether and how ALDOB is involved in IR signaling in HCC. APPROACH AND RESULTS Global or liver-specific ALDOB knockout (L-ALDOB-/- ) mice were used in N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC models, whereas restoration of ALDOB expression was achieved in L-ALDOB-/- mice by adeno-associated virus (AAV). 13 C6 -glucose was employed in metabolic flux analysis to track the de novo fatty acid synthesis from glucose, and nontargeted lipidomics and targeted fatty acid analysis using mass spectrometry were performed. We found that ALDOB physically interacts with IR and attenuates IR signaling through down-regulating PI3K-AKT pathways and suppressing IR nuclear translocation. ALDOB depletion or disruption of IR/ALDOB interaction in ALDOB mutants promotes DNL and tumorigenesis, which is significantly attenuated with ALDOB restoration in L-ALDOB-/- mice. Notably, attenuated IR/ALDOB interaction in ALDOB-R46A mutant exhibits more significant tumorigenesis than releasing ALDOB/AKT interaction in ALDOB-R43A, whereas knockdown IR sufficiently diminishes tumor-promoting effects in both mutants. Furthermore, inhibiting phosphorylated AKT or fatty acid synthase significantly attenuates HCC in L-ALDOB-/- mice. Consistently, ALDOB down-regulation is correlated with up-regulation of IR signaling and DNL in human HCC tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports a mechanism by which loss of ALDOB activates IR signaling primarily through releasing IR/ALDOB interaction to promote DNL and HCC, highlighting a potential therapeutic strategy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (SINH), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (SINH), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Cunzhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery I (Ward l), Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (SINH), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Xuxiao He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (SINH), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Chunzhao Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaochu Tu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Shen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (SINH), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (SINH), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (SINH), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (SINH), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Shiting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (SINH), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery I (Ward l), Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhen Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (SINH), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health (SINH), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
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Matboli M, Hasanin AH, Hussein R, El-Nakeep S, Habib EK, Ellackany R, Saleh LA. Cyanidin 3-glucoside modulated cell cycle progression in liver precancerous lesion, in vivo study. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1435-1450. [PMID: 33911466 PMCID: PMC8047539 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i14.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (cyan) exhibits antioxidant and anticancer properties. The cell cycle proteins and antimitotic drugs might be promising therapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma.
AIM To investigate the effect of cyan administration on cell cycle in hepatic precancerous lesion (PCL) induced by diethylnitrosamine/2-acetylaminofluorene (DEN/2-AAF) in Wistar rats.
METHODS In vivo, DEN/2-AAF-induced hepatic PCL, rats were treated with three doses of cyan (10, 15, and 20 mg/kg/d, for four consecutive days per week for 16 wk). Blood and liver tissue samples were collected for measurement of the followings; alpha fetoprotein (AFP) liver function and RNA panel differential expression was evaluated via real time polymerase chain reaction. Histopathological examination of liver sections stained with H&E and immunohistochemical study using glutathione S-transferase placental (GSTP) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibodies were assessed.
RESULTS Cyan administration mitigated the effect of DEN/2-AFF induced PCL, decreased AFP levels, and improved liver function. Remarkably, treatment with cyan dose dependently decreased the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 and tubulin gamma 1 mRNA expressions and increased the levels of miR-125b, all of which are involved in cell cycle and mitotic spindle assembly. Of note, cyan decreased GSTP foci percent area and PCNA positively stained nuclei.
CONCLUSION Our results indicated that cyan could be used as a potential therapeutic agent to inhibit liver carcinogenesis in rat model via modulation of cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Matboli
- Department of Biochemistry, Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine, Cairo 11318, Egypt
| | - Amany H Hasanin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine, Cairo 11381, Egypt
| | - Reham Hussein
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine, Cairo 11381, Egypt
| | - Sarah El-Nakeep
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine, Cairo 11381, Egypt
| | - Eman K Habib
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine, Cairo 11318, Egypt
| | - Rawan Ellackany
- Department of Undergraduate, Faculty of Medicine, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11381, Egypt
| | - Lobna A Saleh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine, Cairo 11381, Egypt
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Hassan SA, Ali AAH, Yassine M, Sohn D, Pfeffer M, Jänicke RU, Korf HW, von Gall C. Relationship between locomotor activity rhythm and corticosterone levels during HCC development, progression, and treatment in a mouse model. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12724. [PMID: 33615553 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and stress are common symptoms in cancer patients and represent early side effects of cancer treatment which affect the life quality of the patients. CRF may partly depend on disruption of the circadian rhythm. Locomotor activity and corticosterone rhythms are two important circadian outputs which can be used to analyze possible effects on the circadian function during cancer development and treatment. The present study analyzes the relationship between locomotor activity rhythm, corticosterone levels, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, and radiotherapy treatment in a mouse model. HCC was induced in mice by single injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and chronic treatment of phenobarbital in drinking water. Another group received chronic phenobarbital treatment only. Tumor bearing animals were divided randomly into four groups irradiated at four different Zeitgeber time points. Spontaneous locomotor activity was recorded continuously; serum corticosterone levels and p-ERK immunoreaction in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were investigated. Phenobarbital treated mice showed damped corticosterone levels and a less stable 24 hours activity rhythm as well as an increase in activity during the light phase, reminiscent of sleep disruption. The tumor mice showed an increase in corticosterone level during the inactive phase and decreased activity during the dark phase, reminiscent of CRF. After irradiation, corticosterone levels were further increased and locomotor activity rhythms were disrupted. Lowest corticosterone levels were observed after irradiation during the early light phase; thus, this time might be the best to apply radiotherapy in order to minimize side effects.
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MESH Headings
- Activity Cycles
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Biomarkers/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/physiopathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/radiotherapy
- Chronotherapy
- Circadian Rhythm
- Corticosterone/blood
- Diethylnitrosamine
- Disease Progression
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/physiopathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Locomotion
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Period Circadian Proteins/genetics
- Phenobarbital
- Phosphorylation
- Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/metabolism
- Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiopathology
- Time Factors
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A Hassan
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Amira A H Ali
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mona Yassine
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dennis Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Pfeffer
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Reiner U Jänicke
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Horst-Werner Korf
- Institute of Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Charlotte von Gall
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Hassan HM, El-Kannishy SMH, Alattar A, Alshaman R, Hamdan AM, Al-Gayyar MMH. Therapeutic effects of blocking β-catenin against hepatocellular carcinoma-induced activation of inflammation, fibrosis and tumor invasion. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111216. [PMID: 33433352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Destructive effects of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is enhanced by many cellular mechanisms including activation of fibrosis, inflammation and tumor invasion. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects of iCRT14, β-catenin blocker, on HCC. In addition, the molecular effects of iCRT14 will be investigated on inflammation, fibrosis and tumor invasion pathways. After inducting HCC in rats, hepatic tissues were used for determination of the expression of β-catenin, nuclear factor (NF)κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and integrin-β6. Hepatic tissues were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and with anti-Ki67. Results revealed that iCRT14 significantly increased the survival percent of HCC rats, reduced both α-fetoprotein and average number of nodules. In parallel, hepatic sections from HCC rats stained with hematoxylin/eosin revealed vacuolated cytoplasm and necrotic nodules, which were attenuated by treatment with iCRT14. Finally, treating HCC rats with iCRT14 resulted in reduction of the expression of NFκB, TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β1, MMP9, FGF-2 and integrin-β6. In conclusion, iCRT14 treatment exhibited antitumor effects against HCC through impairing β-catenin signaling pathway. iCRT14 suppressed liver tissue inflammation, fibrosis and angiogenesis, possibly via reducing expression of NFκB, TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β1, MMP-9, FGF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Costal Road, Gamasa City, Mansoura, Dakhliya, Egypt
| | - Sherif M H El-Kannishy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, 71491 Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Toxicology, Emergency Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Alattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, 71491 Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alshaman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, 71491 Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
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Mohammed MM, Ramadan G, Zoheiry MK, El-Beih NM. Antihepatocarcinogenic activity of whey protein concentrate and lactoferrin in diethylnitrosamine-treated male albino mice. Environ Toxicol 2019; 34:1025-1033. [PMID: 31087429 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is considered one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide. Chemotherapy with cytotoxic agents showed a low response rate with possible toxic effects. Recently, some emphases have been placed on the anticancer properties of bovine whey protein and its components, especially lactoferrin. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the antihepatocarcinogenic activity of bovine whey protein concentrate (WPC, 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight) and lactoferrin (30 and 60 mg/kg body weight), orally and daily for 14 weeks, in the mice model of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. The results showed that both WPC and lactoferrin (in a dose-dependent manner) alleviated significantly (P < .001) the elevation in serum markers of liver carcinoma and inflammation in the DEN-treated mice. Also, they exhibited a great amelioration in the livers' histological structure of the DEN-treated mice by 37.0% to 66.7%. In addition, they decreased significantly (P < .001) the hepatic DNA fragmentation in the DEN-treated mice by 23.1% to 32.7%. Only, the high doses of WPC and lactoferrin completely modulated the decrease in the activity of liver enzymic antioxidant defense system (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) and improved significantly (P < .01-.001) the concentration of hepatic reduced glutathione of the DEN-treated mice. Moreover, the high doses of WPC and lactoferrin reduced significantly (P < .05-.001) the elevation in the concentrations of hepatic active caspases 3, 8, and 9 of the DEN-treated mice. In conclusion, both WPC and lactoferrin were effective in inhibiting the hepatocarcinogenic activity of DEN in mice model through their ability to alleviate the hepatic inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Mohammed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Ramadan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona K Zoheiry
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia M El-Beih
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Anwar F, Khan R, Sachan R, Kazmi I, Rawat A, Sabih A, Singh R, Afzal M, Ahmad A, Al-Orab AS, Al-Abbasi FA, Bhatt PC, Kumar V. Therapeutic role of calcium and vitamin K3 in chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis - new tools for cancer treatment. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:270-275. [PMID: 29663832 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1455708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
HCC has been reported to be immensely occurring carcinoma worldwide. Recent days the mortality occurred due to liver cancer has also been found to be increased at an alarming speed affecting mostly the young patients. The aim of the current study was to decipher the role of calcium and vitamin K3 in the treatment of chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the male Wistar rats. Liver cancer was induced via a subnecrogenic dose of 160 mg/kg body weight, diethylnitrosamine (DENA) when associated with fasting/refeeding in male Wistar rats. It elevated the serum glutamate oxaloacetate (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, total cholesterol (CH), triglycerides (TG), alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Histopathological examination of liver tissue showed marked carcinogenicity of the chemical carcinogen. Food, water intake and animal weights were also assessed, respectively. The animals exposed to DENA showed a significant decrease in the body weight. The elevated levels of serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP, AFP, TC and TG were restored by administration of calcium and Vit K (ad libitum) combination at higher dose than the normal dietary requirement (3 mg/kg) daily for 12 weeks p.o. Physiological and biochemical analysis showed the beneficial effects of calcium and vitamin K3 combination in the animals exposed to DENA. The results deciphered the beneficial effects of calcium and vitamin K3 in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Anwar
- a Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruqaiyah Khan
- b Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy , Dehradun , India
| | - Richa Sachan
- c School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Kazmi
- d Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University , Saharanpur , Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alisha Rawat
- b Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy , Dehradun , India
| | | | - Rajbala Singh
- b Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy , Dehradun , India
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- e Department of Pharmacology , Jouf University , Sakaka , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- a Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Al-Orab
- a Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - F A Al-Abbasi
- a Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Prakash Chandra Bhatt
- f Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Microbial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy , JamiaHamdard , New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- g Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences , Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHUATS) , Allahabad , Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Fahmi A, Hassanen N, Abdur-Rahman M, Shams-Eldin E. Phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of ginger ( Zingiber officinale) on diethylnitrosamine toxicity in rats. Biomarkers 2019; 24:436-447. [PMID: 30979347 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1606280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Context: Chronic liver damage has serious medical consequences. Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of dry Zingiber officinale (ginger) and its essential (volatile) oil against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) toxicity in rats. Materials and methods: Phenols and flavonoids components were characterized in dry ginger using HPLC-UV instrument while ginger essential oil (E.O.) was investigated via GC-MS technique. Antioxidant activity was determined in vitro. In rat model, ginger was administrated for 2 months. Lipid profile, antioxidant biomarkers, liver functions and histopathology were assessed. Results: Chlorogenic acid (63.85 ppm) and hesperidin (156.91 ppm) are among the major phenolic and flavonoid constituents in dry ginger. Curcumene (15.21%) and linalool (13.47%) represent the main E.O. constituents. In rats treated with ginger E.O., a significant elevation in serum HDL (31.14%) was accompanied by a decrease in LDL (55.14%). A significant decrease in serum ALT and ALP was reported (56.85% and 53.84%, respectively). Serum GSH-Px activity has significantly increased 75.06%. Meanwhile, E.O. showed anticancer potential against HepG2 cell line (IC50 = 40 µg/mL). Liver histopathological examinations confirmed the protective effect against abnormalities. Conclusion: Ginger was able to reduce the severity of DEN-cytotoxicity in rats, which suggests a novel antioxidant role originating from this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelgawad Fahmi
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Naglaa Hassanen
- b Department of Special Food and Nutrition , Food Technology Research Institute Agriculture Research Center , Giza , Egypt
| | - Mariam Abdur-Rahman
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Engy Shams-Eldin
- b Department of Special Food and Nutrition , Food Technology Research Institute Agriculture Research Center , Giza , Egypt
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Li M, Lu Y, Li Y, Tong L, Gu XC, Meng J, Zhu Y, Wu L, Feng M, Tian N, Zhang P, Xu T, Lin SH, Tong X. Transketolase Deficiency Protects the Liver from DNA Damage by Increasing Levels of Ribose 5-Phosphate and Nucleotides. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3689-3701. [PMID: 31101762 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
De novo nucleotide biosynthesis is essential for maintaining cellular nucleotide pools, the suppression of which leads to genome instability. The metabolic enzyme transketolase (TKT) in the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) regulates ribose 5-phosphate (R5P) levels and de novo nucleotide biosynthesis. TKT is required for maintaining cell proliferation in human liver cancer cell lines, yet the role of TKT in liver injury and cancer initiation remains to be elucidated. In this study, we generated a liver-specific TKT knockout mouse strain by crossing TKTflox/flox mice with albumin-Cre mice. Loss of TKT in hepatocytes protected the liver from diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced DNA damage without altering DEN metabolism. DEN treatment of TKT-null liver increased levels of R5P and promoted de novo nucleotide synthesis. More importantly, supplementation of dNTPs in primary hepatocytes alleviated DEN-induced DNA damage, cell death, inflammatory response, and cell proliferation. Furthermore, DEN and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver carcinogenesis was reduced in TKTflox/floxAlb-Cre mice compared with control littermates. Mechanistically, loss of TKT in the liver increased apoptosis, reduced cell proliferation, decreased TNFα, IL6, and STAT3 levels, and alleviated DEN/HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Together, our data identify a key role for TKT in promoting genome instability during liver injury and tumor initiation. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings identify transketolase as a novel metabolic target to maintain genome stability and reduce liver carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minle Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yakui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfeng Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yemin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Hai Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xuemei Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Wang X, Tanaka N, Hu X, Kimura T, Lu Y, Jia F, Sato Y, Nakayama J, Moriya K, Koike K, Aoyama T. A high-cholesterol diet promotes steatohepatitis and liver tumorigenesis in HCV core gene transgenic mice. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1713-1725. [PMID: 31004178 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous epidemiological studies have suggested a link between high-cholesterol intake and liver disease progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the precise mechanism of hepatotoxicity and hepatocarcinogenesis caused by excessive cholesterol consumption remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the impact of dietary cholesterol using hepatitis C virus core gene transgenic (HCVcpTg) mice, which spontaneously developed HCC with age. Male HCVcpTg mice were treated for 15 months with either a control diet or an isocaloric diet containing 1.5% cholesterol, and liver phenotypes and tumor-associated signaling pathways were evaluated. The high-cholesterol diet-fed HCVcpTg mice exhibited a significantly higher incidence of liver tumors compared with the control diet mice (100% vs. 41%, P < 0.001). The diet induced steatohepatitis with pericellular fibrosis and evoked higher mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators along with enhanced hepatocyte proliferation and greater oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver. Moreover, long-term consumption of cholesterol-rich diet activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and p62/sequestosome 1 (Sqstm1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NRF2) axis, enhanced fibrogenesis, and consequently accelerated hepatic tumorigenesis. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that a high-cholesterol diet facilitates liver tumorigenesis by inducing steatohepatitis, promoting hepatocyte division, and up-regulating cellular stress and pro-inflammatory NF-κB and detoxifying p62/Sqstm1-NRF2 signals. Therefore, high dietary cholesterol should be avoided in HCV-infected patients to prevent development of steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
- Research Center for Social Systems, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Takefumi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Fangping Jia
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Sato
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Aoyama
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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11
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Shaw IC, King-Hudson TR. Minimal risk of PFOS residues in eel to Māori consumers. N Z Med J 2019; 132:102-104. [PMID: 30703784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Shaw
- Professor of Toxicology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch
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12
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Xie C, Zhu J, Wang X, Chen J, Geng S, Wu J, Zhong C, Li X. Tobacco smoke induced hepatic cancer stem cell-like properties through IL-33/p38 pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:39. [PMID: 30691509 PMCID: PMC6350284 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoke (TS) critically contributes to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) induced by TS is an early event in the initiation of carcinogenesis. Tumor specific microenvironment including inflammatory factors is key mediator for maintaining the stemness of CSCs through various pathways such as p38 MAPK. However, the mechanisms of inflammatory factors in TS-induced acquisition of liver CSCs properties remain undefined. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IL-33/p38 axis in long term TS-induced acquisition of hepatic CSCs properties in mouse liver tissues and human liver cells. METHODS BALB/c mice were exposed to TS for 12 weeks, along with or without 1 mg/kg SB203580 (p38 inhibitors) treatment. Histopathological analysis, alterations in the levels of IL-33, liver CSCs markers, EMT-like changes and p38 MAPK activation in liver tissues of mice were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis. Moreover, LO2 immortalized human liver cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and the tumorsphere formation ability was determined. LO2 cells were further treated with IL-33 or CSE and the expression of phosphorylated p38, liver CSCs markers and EMT-related proteins was examined. RESULTS Long term TS exposure increased the levels of CSCs markers, induced epithelial-to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammatory factor IL-33 expression. Moreover, we showed that p38 MAPK modulated TS-stimulated hepatic CSC-like properties, as evidenced by the findings that long term TS exposure activated p38, and that TS-induced stemness was abolished by p38 inhibition. In addition, data from in vitro model showed that similar to cigarette smoke extract (CSE), IL-33 treatment promoted the activation of p38, increased the levels of liver CSCs markers expression and EMT-like changes. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggested that IL-33/p38 axis plays an important role in long term TS exposure-induced acquisition of hepatic CSC-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Xie
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Jiangning, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Suzhou Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research Center, North District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008 Jiangsu China
| | - Xueqi Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Jiangning, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Jiangning, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Jiangning, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Jiangning, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Jiangning, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Toxicology and Nutritional Science, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Ave, Jiangning, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
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13
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Baechler SA, Factor VM, Dalla Rosa I, Ravji A, Becker D, Khiati S, Miller Jenkins LM, Lang M, Sourbier C, Michaels SA, Neckers LM, Zhang HL, Spinazzola A, Huang SN, Marquardt JU, Pommier Y. The mitochondrial type IB topoisomerase drives mitochondrial translation and carcinogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:83. [PMID: 30622257 PMCID: PMC6325124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial topoisomerase IB (TOP1MT) is a nuclear-encoded topoisomerase, exclusively localized to mitochondria, which resolves topological stress generated during mtDNA replication and transcription. Here, we report that TOP1MT is overexpressed in cancer tissues and demonstrate that TOP1MT deficiency attenuates tumor growth in human and mouse models of colon and liver cancer. Due to their mitochondrial dysfunction, TOP1MT-KO cells become addicted to glycolysis, which limits synthetic building blocks and energy supply required for the proliferation of cancer cells in a nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, we show that TOP1MT associates with mitoribosomal subunits, ensuring optimal mitochondrial translation and assembly of oxidative phosphorylation complexes that are critical for sustaining tumor growth. The TOP1MT genomic signature profile, based on Top1mt-KO liver cancers, is correlated with enhanced survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Our results highlight the importance of TOP1MT for tumor development, providing a potential rationale to develop TOP1MT-targeted drugs as anticancer therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Carcinogens/toxicity
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/genetics
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/metabolism
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/isolation & purification
- Datasets as Topic
- Energy Metabolism
- Female
- Fibroblasts
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glycolysis
- HCT116 Cells
- Humans
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Prognosis
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Survival Analysis
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Baechler
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - V M Factor
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - I Dalla Rosa
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - A Ravji
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - D Becker
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Khiati
- Equipe MitoLab, Institut MitoVasc, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Universite d'Angers, 49933, Angers, France
| | - L M Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - M Lang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, 20892, USA
| | - C Sourbier
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research I, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - S A Michaels
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - L M Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, 20892, USA
| | - H L Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - A Spinazzola
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - S N Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - J U Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Y Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.
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Tripathy A, Thakurela S, Sahu MK, Uthanasingh K, Behera M, Ajay AK, Kumari R. The molecular connection of histopathological heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma: A role of Wnt and Hedgehog signaling pathways. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208194. [PMID: 30513115 PMCID: PMC6279049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is leading cause of cancer-related mortality and is categorized among the most common malignancies around the world. It is a heterogeneous tumor, which shows significant degree of histopathological heterogeneity. Despite the apparent histopathological diversity there has been very little distinct correlation between histopathological features and molecular aberrations particularly when it comes to the expression level of Wnt and Hh pathway molecules. The role of Wnt and Hh pathways in relation to HCC behavior viz. histopathological heterogeneity and aggressiveness is not known. Determining the sequential molecular changes and associated histopathological characteristic during HCC initiation, promotion, and progression would probably lead to a better treatment and prognosis. Methods N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) induced HCC model in male Wistar rats were established to study the expression level of Wnt and Hh pathway molecules during different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. Their expression levels were checked at mRNA and protein levels at initiation, promotion, and progression stages of HCC. The expression levels of Wnt and Hh pathway molecules were correlated with biospecimens of HCC patients of different stages. Results In the present study we identified the comprehensive change in the expression pattern of Wnt and Hh pathway molecules in DEN induced rodent hepatocarcinogenesis model. Our results demonstrate that β-catenin /CTNNB1 plays important role in tumor initiation and promotion by stimulating tumor cell proliferation. The activated Wnt signaling in early stage of HCC is associated with well-differentiated histological pattern. The Hh activity although activated during the initiation stage but is significantly increased during the early promotion stage of hepatocarcinogenesis. The increased activity of both Wnt & Hh pathways during promotion stage is associated with moderately-differentiated histological pattern and was simultaneously linked with an increased expression of MMP9. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that during the progression stage Wnt pathway is modestly down-regulated but the Hh pathway activity sustained which in turn is associated with aggressive and invasive phenotype and poorly-differentiated histopathology. Conclusion Our data uncovers the grade related expression of Wnt and Hh pathway molecules and the potential utility of these molecular signatures in daily clinical practice is to decide best therapy according to patients characteristic. Additionally, our data offer insight into the interaction between Wnt and Hh pathways which triggers HCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Tripathy
- Disease Biology Lab, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sudhir Thakurela
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Manoj Kumar Sahu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kanishka Uthanasingh
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manas Behera
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatobiliary Sciences, IMS & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Amrendra Kumar Ajay
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ratna Kumari
- Disease Biology Lab, KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
- * E-mail:
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15
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Yang W, Zhou G, Zou S, Yang W, Liu A, Sun S, Xie B. Metabonomics of d-glucaro-1,4-lactone in preventing diethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer in rats. Pharm Biol 2018; 56:643-648. [PMID: 31070541 PMCID: PMC6292356 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1525414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT d-Glucaro-1,4-lactone (1,4-GL) exists in many vegetables and fruits. Metabonomics has not been used to investigate the role of 1,4-GL in preventing liver cancer. OBJECTIVE The pharmacological effects and metabolite alterations of 1,4-GL on the prevention of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver cancer were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten healthy Sprague-Dawley rats served as control and 46 were used to establish rat liver cancer model. 1HNMR-based metabonomics was used to compare the effects of oral 1,4-GL (50 mg/kg) in liver cancer rats (n = 26) after 10 consecutive weeks of intervention. The amino acids in rat serum were quantified by HPLC-UV, and the changes in Fischer's ratio were calculated. RESULTS The 20-week survival rate of DEN-induced liver cancer rats administered with oral 1,4-GL was increased from 45.0 to 70.0% with reduced carcinogenesis of the liver and significantly lowered serum α-fetoprotein level (14.28 ± 2.89 ng/mL vs. 18.56 ± 4.65 ng/mL, p = 0.012). The serum levels of leucine, valine, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, acetate and glutamine in the DEN + 1,4-GL group returned to normal levels compared with those of the DEN group on week 20. Fischer's ratio in the rat serum of DEN group was 1.62 ± 0.21, which was significantly lower than that in healthy rats (2.3 ± 0.12). However, Fischer's ratio increased to 1.89 ± 0.22 in the DEN + 1,4-GL group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 1,4-GL exerted positive effects on liver carcinogenesis in rats by pathological examination and metabonomic analysis. Its mechanism may be related to the restoration of amino acid and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Guanlin Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Shubing Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Aihong Liu
- Center of analysis and testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Shuilin Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Baogang Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- CONTACT Baogang Xie Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, 330006, PR China
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16
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Connor F, Rayner TF, Aitken SJ, Feig C, Lukk M, Santoyo-Lopez J, Odom DT. Mutational landscape of a chemically-induced mouse model of liver cancer. J Hepatol 2018; 69:840-850. [PMID: 29958939 PMCID: PMC6142872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Carcinogen-induced mouse models of liver cancer are used extensively to study the pathogenesis of the disease and are critical for validating candidate therapeutics. These models can recapitulate molecular and histological features of human disease. However, it is not known if the genomic alterations driving these mouse tumour genomes are comparable to those found in human tumours. Herein, we provide a detailed genomic characterisation of tumours from a commonly used mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We analysed whole exome sequences of liver tumours arising in mice exposed to diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Mutational signatures were compared between liver tumours from DEN-treated and untreated mice, and human HCCs. RESULTS DEN-initiated tumours had a high, uniform number of somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs), with few insertions, deletions or copy number alterations, consistent with the known genotoxic action of DEN. Exposure of hepatocytes to DEN left a reproducible mutational imprint in resulting tumour exomes which we could computationally reconstruct using six known COSMIC mutational signatures. The tumours carried a high diversity of low-incidence, non-synonymous point mutations in many oncogenes and tumour suppressors, reflecting the stochastic introduction of SNVs into the hepatocyte genome by the carcinogen. We identified four recurrently mutated genes that were putative oncogenic drivers of HCC in this model. Every neoplasm carried activating hotspot mutations either in codon 61 of Hras, in codon 584 of Braf or in codon 254 of Egfr. Truncating mutations of Apc occurred in 21% of neoplasms, which were exclusively carcinomas supporting a role for deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in cancer progression. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides detailed insight into the mutational landscape of tumours arising in a commonly used carcinogen model of HCC, facilitating the future use of this model to better understand the human disease. LAY SUMMARY Mouse models are widely used to study the biology of cancer and to test potential therapies. Herein, we have described the mutational landscape of tumours arising in a carcinogen-induced mouse model of liver cancer. Since cancer is a disease caused by genomic alterations, information about the patterns and types of mutations in the tumours in this mouse model should facilitate its use to study human liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Connor
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Tim F Rayner
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Sarah J Aitken
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK; Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christine Feig
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Margus Lukk
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Javier Santoyo-Lopez
- Edinburgh Genomics (Clinical), The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Duncan T Odom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
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Sánchez DI, González-Fernández B, Crespo I, San-Miguel B, Álvarez M, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Melatonin modulates dysregulated circadian clocks in mice with diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12506. [PMID: 29770483 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythms, which are regulated by the circadian clock machinery, plays an important role in different long-term diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Melatonin has been reported to alleviate promotion and progression of HCC, but the potential contribution of circadian clock modulation is unknown. We investigated the effects of melatonin in mice which received diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (35 mg/kg body weight ip) once a week for 8 weeks. Melatonin was given at 5 or 10 mg kg-1 d-1 ip beginning 4 weeks after the onset of DEN administration and ending at the sacrifice time (10, 20, 30, or 40 weeks). Liver expression of Bmal1, Clock, Npas2, Rorα, and Sirt1 increased, whereas Cry1, Per1, Per2, Per3, CK1ε, Rev-erbα, and Rev-erbβ decreased following DEN administration. Melatonin treatment prevented changes in the expression of clock genes, and this effect was accompanied by an upregulation of the MT1 receptor and reduced levels of the hypoxia-inducible factors Hif-1α and Hif-2α. An increased expression of p21, p53, and PARP1/2, a higher Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and a lower expression of Cyclin D1, CDK6, HSP70, HSP90, and GRP78 proteins were also observed in melatonin-treated mice. Melatonin significantly potentiated the suppression of proliferation and cell cycle arrest induced by the synthetic REV-ERB agonist SR9009 in human Hep3B cells, and BMAL1 knocking down attenuated the pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative effect of melatonin. Results support a contribution of changes in the circadian clock components to the beneficial effects of melatonin in HCC and highlight the usefulness of strategies modulating the circadian machinery in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I Sánchez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | | | - Irene Crespo
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | - María Jesús Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
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18
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Zheng WJ, Yao M, Fang M, Wang L, Dong ZZ, Yao DF. Abnormal expression of HMGB-3 is significantly associated with malignant transformation of hepatocytes. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3650-3662. [PMID: 30166860 PMCID: PMC6113724 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i32.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the relationship between dynamic expression of high mobility group box-3 (HMGB3) and malignant transformation of hepatocytes.
METHODS Expression of HMGB family proteins were observed in rat hepatocarcinogenesis models induced with 2-acetylaminofluorene. Alterations of HMGB3 were analyzed at the mRNA level by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and at the protein level by immunohistochemistry or Western blotting. HMGB3 in human liver cancer tissues were evaluated using bioinformatics databases from GEO, TCGA, and Oncomine. A specific HMGB3-shRNA was used to knock down HMGB3 expression in order to investigate its effects on proliferation and cell cycle in vitro and in vivo.
RESULTS Elevated HMGB3 levels were first reported in hepatocarcinogenesis, with increasing expression from normal liver to cancer. Bioinformatic databases showed that HMGB3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal liver tissues. Higher HMGB3 expression was discovered in liver cancer cells compared with LO2 cells in vitro. According to gene set enrichment analysis, HMGB3 mRNA levels were correlated with cell cycle and DNA replication pathways. Knocking down HMGB3 by specific shRNA significantly inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cells by cell cycle arrest and downregulating DNA replication related genes (cyclin B1, FEN1, and PCNA) at the mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, silencing HMGB3 significantly inhibited xenograft tumor growth (measured by Ki67) in vivo.
CONCLUSION HMGB3 is involved in malignant transformation of hepatocytes and could be a useful biomarker for diagnosis and a potential target for therapy of liver cancer.
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MESH Headings
- 2-Acetylaminofluorene/toxicity
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Computational Biology
- Datasets as Topic
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- HMGB3 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- HMGB3 Protein/genetics
- HMGB3 Protein/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Miao Fang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Zhen Dong
- Department of Diagnostics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Deng-Fu Yao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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19
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Liu YW, De Keyzer F, Feng YB, Chen F, Song SL, Swinnen J, Bormans G, Oyen R, Huang G, Ni YC. Intra-individual comparison of therapeutic responses to vascular disrupting agent CA4P between rodent primary and secondary liver cancers. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2710-2721. [PMID: 29991876 PMCID: PMC6034151 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare therapeutic responses of a vascular-disrupting-agent, combretastatin-A4-phosphate (CA4P), among hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and implanted rhabdomyosarcoma (R1) in the same rats by magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI), microangiography and histopathology.
METHODS Thirty-six HCCs were created by diethylnitrosamine gavage in 14 rats that were also intrahepatically implanted with one R1 per rat as monitored by T2-/T1-weighted images (T2WI/T1WI) on a 3.0T clinical MRI-scanner. Vascular response and tumoral necrosis were detected by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-) and CE-MRI before, 1 h after and 12 h after CA4P iv at 10 mg/kg (treatment group n = 7) or phosphate-buffered saline at 1.0 mL/kg (control group n = 7). Tumor blood supply was calculated by a semiquantitative DCE parameter of area under the time signal intensity curve (AUC30). In vivo MRI findings were verified by postmortem techniques.
RESULTS On CE-T1WIs, unlike the negative response in all tumors of control animals, in treatment group CA4P caused rapid extensive vascular shutdown in all R1-tumors, but mildly or spottily in HCCs at 1 h. Consequently, tumor necrosis occurred massively in R1-tumors but patchily in HCCs at 12 h. AUC30 revealed vascular closure (66%) in R1-tumors at 1 h (P < 0.05), followed by further perfusion decrease at 12 h (P < 0.01), while less significant vascular clogging occurred in HCCs. Histomorphologically, CA4P induced more extensive necrosis in R1-tumors (92.6%) than in HCCs (50.2%) (P < 0.01); tumor vascularity heterogeneously scored +~+++ in HCCs but homogeneously scored ++ in R1-tumors.
CONCLUSION This study suggests superior performance of CA4P in metastatic over primary liver cancers, which could guide future clinical applications of vascular-disrupting-agents.
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MESH Headings
- Angiography
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Contrast Media/administration & dosage
- Diethylnitrosamine/toxicity
- Humans
- Liver/diagnostic imaging
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/blood supply
- Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/diagnostic imaging
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
- Male
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Rats
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/blood supply
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/drug therapy
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/pathology
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/secondary
- Stilbenes/pharmacology
- Stilbenes/therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Wei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | - Yuan-Bo Feng
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Feng Chen
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Shao-Li Song
- Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Johan Swinnen
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Raymond Oyen
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Ni
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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20
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Pittala S, Krelin Y, Shoshan-Barmatz V. Targeting Liver Cancer and Associated Pathologies in Mice with a Mitochondrial VDAC1-Based Peptide. Neoplasia 2018; 20:594-609. [PMID: 29747160 PMCID: PMC5994780 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most lethal cancer worldwide. Despite progress in identifying risk factors, the incidence of HCC is increasing. Moreover, therapeutic options are limited and survival is poor. Therefore, alternative and innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently required. R-Tf-D-LP4, a cell-penetrating peptide derived from the mitochondrial multifunctional protein the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1), is identified here as a highly effective liver cancer treatment. Recently, we demonstrated that R-Tf-D-LP4 induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth in mouse models. We now demonstrate that R-Tf-D-LP4 induced apoptosis in cancer liver-derived cell lines and inhibited tumor growth in three different liver cancer mouse models. These included diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC, metabolically high-fat diet-induced HCC, and using a subcutaneous HepG2 cell xenograft model. Intravenous injection of the peptide into tumor-carrying DEN-treated mice resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth up to complete tumor elimination. TUNEL staining of liver sections demonstrated peptide-induced apoptosis. Hematoxylin/eosin and Sirius red staining of liver sections showed decreased fibrotic formation. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated reduced numbers of α-SMA-expressing cells in R-Tf-D-LP4-treated mouse livers. Additionally, macrophage presence in liver tissue was reduced in R-Tf-D-LP4-treated mice. Liver sections from DEN-treated mice showed steatohepatic pathology, reflected as fatty liver, inflammation, ballooning degeneration, and fibrosis; all were eliminated upon peptide treatment. Peptide treatment also inhibited tumor development in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model induced by HFD. In HepG2 subcutaneous tumor xenografts, R-Tf-D-LP4 inhibited tumor growth. CONCLUSION These results show that the VDAC1-based peptide R-Tf-D-LP4 has multiple effects on liver cancer cells, leading to impairment of cell energy and metabolism homeostasis, induction of apoptosis, and elimination of liver cancer-associated processes, and thus represents a promising therapeutic approach for liver cancer.
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Key Words
- vdac1, voltage-dependent anion channel 1
- hk, hexokinase
- cyto c, cytochrome c
- den, diethylnitrosamine
- hcc, hepatocellular carcinoma
- hfd, high fat diet
- aif, apoptosis-inducing factor
- ldh, lactate dehydrogenase
- nash, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- tfr, transferrin receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Pittala
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
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21
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Wasonga C, Omwandho C. Inhibitory effects of mushroom extracts on progression of carcinogenesis in mice. J Exp Ther Oncol 2018; 12:231-237. [PMID: 29790315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common primary malignancy of hepatocytes that has caused many fatalities globally. To manage the increasing cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, natural products like mushrooms have been tested for their anti-oxidant, anti-tumour and therapeutic properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Agaricus bisporus on progression of chemically induced carcinogenesis in mice. Carcinogenesis was induced in experimental and positive group of mice. Development and progression of carcinogenesis was monitored by quantifying levels of Lactate dehydrogenase, total sialic acid and by histological analysis. The results of the study showed that, unlike lactate dehydrogenase, the levels of sialic acid consistently decreased throughout the experimental period in mice that were fed on mushroom extracts compared to the positive control. Histological analysis also showed protection of the hepatocytes from carcinogenesis progression. Overall, the results from tumour markers and histological analysis, showed that addition of Agaricus bisporus extracts to diet slowed down progression of carcinogenesis and these extracts therefore may be useful as supplementary diet to conventional cancer therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Agaricus/chemistry
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/chemically induced
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Diethylnitrosamine
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/blood
- Polysaccharides/isolation & purification
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wasonga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
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22
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Abstract
The carcinogenic and cocarcinogenic action of phenobarbital sodium was investigated in adult BALB/c mice of both sexes when administered alone at a concentration of 0.05 % in drinking water for life or after the animals had been treated with a single hydrazine sulphate dose of 5.65 mg. The results demonstrated that phenobarbital sodium is not carcinogenic in this strain of mice, but, since a single dose of hydrazine sulphate was carcinogenic, does not clarify whether it is a cocarcinogen in the lung.
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Abstract
The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of the presence of hepatic tumors induced by diethylinitrosamine (DENA) on the metabolic heme pathway, and to assess whether these tumors can modify the response of rats to the porphyrinogenic drug hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and whether the above mentioned effects occur to a greater extent in females than males. The results obtained showed that: a) Females were more susceptible to the hepatocarcinogenicity of DENA than males. b) Female normal and DENA treated rats were more susceptible than male rats to the porphyrinogenicity of HCB. c) The presence of hepatic DENA induced tumors could diminish basal hepatic ferrochelatase activity. d) Hepatic tumors could modify the response of animals to a porphyrinogenic drug such as HCB. Thus, both female and male DENA/HBC rats accumulated more porphyrins and showed a lower delta-aminolevulinate synthase and uroporphyrinogen I synthase induction than HCB rats. e) The heme pathway was functional in DENA induced tumors in both male and female rats but they were little affected by HCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wainstok de Calmanovici
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
The incidences of spontaneous tumors of the murine hybrids (C57BL/6J X C3Hf)F1 (B6C3F1) and (C57BL/6J X BALB/c)F1 (B6CF1) were compared in untreated mice kept until 110 weeks of age. Male B6C3F1 and B6CF1 mice had respectively 16% and 20% incidence of lymphomas, 26% and 4% of liver tumors and 12% and 22% of lung tumors. Among B6C3F1 and B6CF1 females, a 36% and 12% incidence of lymphomas, a 6% and zero incidence of liver tumors, and a 4% and 16% of lung tumors were observed. A few other tumors were seen in both hybrids. Groups of male and female mice of the 2 hybrids received 5 i.p. injections of 1000 mg/kg urethan once every other day starting at 10 days of age, and were kept under observation until 65-80 weeks of age. Treated B6C3F1 mice had an earlier mortality than B6CF1 mice due to tumor development. The statistical analysis, allowing for survival, showed a significantly higher lymphoma incidence in male and female B6C3F1 than B6CF1 mice, which had instead a higher incidence of lung tumors. Hepatocellular tumors were seen in both sexes of the 2 hybrids, with a higher frequency in B6C3F1 mice. Male mice of both hybrids had a higher incidence of liver tumors than females.
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25
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Abstract
An infantile carcinogenesis assay was carried out with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) injections administered intraperitoneally at 0, 1, 30 and 60 μg/kg b.w. doses to (C57BL/6J × C3Hf)F1 (B6C3) and to (C57BL/6J × BALB/c)F1 (B6C) mice, starting from the 10th day of life, once weekly repeated 5 times. Animals were then observed until 78 weeks of age. The induction of thymic lymphomas was related to treatment at 60 μg/kg dose level in both sexes of both hybrids, and at 30 μg/kg dose level in both sexes of B6C mice and in male but not female B6C3 mice. The incidence of hepatocellular adenomas was increased by TCDD treatment at 60 μg/kg dose level in B6C3 of both sexes but not in B6C mice. Hepatocellular carcinomas were seen at increased incidence at 30 and 60 μg/kg doses in B6C3 males but not in B6C3 females or in B6C mice of both sexes. The incidence of other tumor types was not related to treatment in both hybrids. A long-term carcinogenesis bioassay with TCDD was carried out in B6C3 mice treated by gavage at 0, 2.5 and 5.0 μg/kg b.w. doses from 6 weeks of age, once weekly for 52 weeks. The animals were observed until 110 weeks of age. An increased incidence of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas was related to treatment, at both doses and in both sexes. The incidence of other tumor types was uniformly low in treated and control groups, without any association with treatment, in both sexes.
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Abstract
Osborne-Mendel male and female rats ingested 200, 400, 600, or 800 ppm DDT composed of 81.8% p,p isomer and 18.2% o,p isomer for periods up to 2 years. Male and female rats developed higly significant incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas. The carcinomas varied from well-differentiated to undifferentiated. There was a highly significant increase in carcinomas of the ovary in treated female rats. Lymphosarcomas were also increased in DDT-treated male rats.
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Sadek KM, Abouzed TK, Abouelkhair R, Nasr S. The chemo-prophylactic efficacy of an ethanol Moringa oleifera leaf extract against hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:1458-1466. [PMID: 28345375 PMCID: PMC6130573 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1306713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most well-known threatening tumours around the world, and the outlook remains bleak. Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) exhibits antitumor, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. OBJECTIVES To assess the chemo-prophylactic proficiency and other likely activities of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanol extract (MOLEE) against diethyl nitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were gastrogavaged with MOLEE (500 mg/kg) for one week and then gastrogavaged with MOLEE and DEN (10 mg/kg) for the following 16 weeks. The progressions of the histological components, serum biomarkers and oxidation of DNA of the liver tissues were resolved to assess the prophylactic impacts. The lipid oxidative biomarker, the cancer prevention agent status and apoptotic proteins were surveyed to assess the potential mechanisms. RESULTS The MOLEE LD50 was estimated to be 5585 mg/kg. MOLEE (500 mg/kg) administration fundamentally repressed the expansion event of knobs and the normal knob number per knob-bearing livers prompted by DEN, enhanced hepatocellular appearance and altogether significantly decreased (p < 0.05) DEN-induced elevations in serum biochemical records and hepatic 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels by 29%. The robotic studies found that MOLEE disrupted the DEN-activated oxidative reactivity damage in rats by 46.8%. Curiously, the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and β-arrestin-2 were fundamentally diminished (p < 0.05); however, the expression of Bax and caspase-3 were essentially (p < 0.05) upregulated. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The outcomes presume that MOLEE inspired critical defensive impacts against DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis that might be identified with the implementation of antioxidant activity and actuation of apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/isolation & purification
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/toxicity
- Antioxidants/isolation & purification
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/toxicity
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/prevention & control
- Diethylnitrosamine
- Ethanol/chemistry
- Lethal Dose 50
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Male
- Moringa oleifera/chemistry
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/toxicity
- Plant Leaves/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal
- Rats, Wistar
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Solvents/chemistry
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadry M. Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Egypt
| | - Tarek K. Abouzed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr elshiekh University, Egypt
| | - Reham Abouelkhair
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of El-Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Sherif Nasr
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Egypt
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28
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Panchal SS, Ghatak SB, Jha AB, Onattu R. Reduction of liver tumerogenic effect of N-nitrosodiethylamine by treatment with ɣ-oryzanol in Balb/C mice. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 56:86-98. [PMID: 28888159 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, naturally occurring phytochemicals with antioxidant capacity have generated surmount interest in their therapeutic usage against a wide range of pathological and toxicological conditions. The present study was designed to evaluate potential of ɣ-oryzanol (OZ), a bio-active natural antioxidant against hepatocellular carcinoma effect of the carcinogen N-nitrosodiethylamine in Balb/c mice. OZ inhibited the proliferation of Hep-3B cell line in concentration dependent manner. Administration of OZ to N-nitrosodiethylamine induced Balb/c mice for 16 and 32 weeks showed reduction in levels of liver injury markers, restored the levels of liver tumor markers, suppressed the hepatic nodular incidence and multiplicity, and favorably modulated the liver antioxidant status in a time dependent manner. Histologically, no obvious signs of neoplasia in the liver tissues were observed in OZ supplemented rats with N-nitrosodiethylamine induced liver tumerogenesis. OZ was found to be effective for reduction of N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital S Panchal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India.
| | - Somsuvra B Ghatak
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India; US Pharma Lab, 1300 Airport Road, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
| | - Abhishek B Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India
| | - Raoul Onattu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India
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El Miniawy HMF, Ahmed KA, Mansour SA, Khattab MMS. In vivo antitumour potential of camel's milk against hepatocellular carcinoma in rats and its improvement of cisplatin renal side effects. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:1513-1520. [PMID: 28372475 PMCID: PMC6130505 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1309553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Camel milk (CM) is recommended for liver disease patients in Egypt for a strong belief that it has a curative effect. OBJECTIVE The effect of consumption of CM with or without chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin was evaluated on induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar male rats (56) were divided into eight groups (7 rats each). Group I was control. Hepatocarcinogenesis was initiated by a single dose of intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) (200 mg/kg BW) and promoted by phenobarbitone (500 ppm) in drinking water in groups V, VI, VII and VIII. Treatment started from 28th till 38th week using CM (5 mL/day) and/or cisplatin (5 mg/kg/3 weeks) in groups II, III IV, VI, VII and VIII. Biochemical analysis, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver tissue were performed. Histopathology of liver and kidney and immunohistochemistry of placental glutathione-S-transferase (P-GST) in liver were performed and analyzed using image analysis. RESULTS Albumin concentration and SOD activity were 3.13 ± 0.23 and 311.45 ± 41.71 in group VII (DENA & cisplatin), whereas they were 4.3 ± 0.15 and 540.5 ± 29.94 in group VII (DENA, CM and cisplatin). The mean area of altered hepatocellular foci and P-GST altered foci decreased in group VI (DENA and CM) (1049.6 ± 174.78 and 829.1 ± 261) and group VIII (cisplatin and CM) (1615.12 ± 436 and 543.9 ± 127) compared to group V (DENA only) (4173.74 ± 510.7 and 3169.49 ± 538.61). Cisplatin caused chronic interstitial nephritis, which was slightly alleviated in group VIII (CM and cisplatin). CONCLUSIONS CM had an antioxidant effect and together with cisplatin managed to decrease hepatocarcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Camelus
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/prevention & control
- Cisplatin/toxicity
- Diethylnitrosamine
- Glutathione S-Transferase pi/metabolism
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/pathology
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Male
- Milk
- Nephritis, Interstitial/chemically induced
- Nephritis, Interstitial/pathology
- Nephritis, Interstitial/prevention & control
- Phenobarbital
- Rats, Wistar
- Serum Albumin/metabolism
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala M. F. El Miniawy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A. Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sameeh A. Mansour
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Abe M, Yoshida T, Akiba J, Ikezono Y, Wada F, Masuda A, Sakaue T, Tanaka T, Iwamoto H, Nakamura T, Sata M, Koga H, Yoshimura A, Torimura T. STAT3 deficiency prevents hepatocarcinogenesis and promotes biliary proliferation in thioacetamide-induced liver injury. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6833-6844. [PMID: 29085226 PMCID: PMC5645616 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i37.6833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the role of STAT3 in hepatocarcinogenesis and biliary ductular proliferation following chronic liver injury.
METHODS We investigated thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury, compensatory hepatocyte proliferation, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in hepatic STAT3-deficient mice. In addition, we evaluated TAA-induced biliary ductular proliferation and analyzed the activation of sex determining region Y-box9 (SOX9) and Yes-associated protein (YAP), which regulate the transdifferentiation of hepatocytes to cholangiocytes.
RESULTS Both compensatory hepatocyte proliferation and HCC formation were significantly decreased in hepatic STAT3-deficient mice as compared with control mice. STAT3 deficiency resulted in augmentation of hepatic necrosis and fibrosis. On the other hand, biliary ductular proliferation increased in hepatic STAT3-deficient livers as compared with control livers. SOX9 and YAP were upregulated in hepatic STAT3-deficient hepatocytes.
CONCLUSION STAT3 may regulate hepatocyte proliferation as well as transdifferentiation into cholangiocytes and serve as a therapeutic target for HCC inhibition and biliary regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Kurume Clinical Pharmacology Clinic, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Jun Akiba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yu Ikezono
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Wada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Atsutaka Masuda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sakaue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hideki Iwamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Michio Sata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Koga
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
- Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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31
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Liu Y, Hu T, Sun J. Regression analysis of current status data in the presence of a cured subgroup and dependent censoring. Lifetime Data Anal 2017; 23:626-650. [PMID: 27696128 DOI: 10.1007/s10985-016-9382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses regression analysis of current status data, a type of failure time data where each study subject is observed only once, in the presence of dependent censoring. Furthermore, there may exist a cured subgroup, meaning that a proportion of study subjects are not susceptible to the failure event of interest. For the problem, we develop a sieve maximum likelihood estimation approach with the use of latent variables and Bernstein polynomials. For the determination of the proposed estimators, an EM algorithm is developed and the asymptotic properties of the estimators are established. Extensive simulation studies are conducted and indicate that the proposed method works well for practical situations. A motivating application from a tumorigenicity experiment is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqian Liu
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Tao Hu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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32
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Wehmas LC, DeAngelo AB, Hester SD, Chorley BN, Carswell G, Olson GR, George MH, Carter JH, Eldridge SR, Fisher A, Vallanat B, Wood CE. Metabolic Disruption Early in Life is Associated With Latent Carcinogenic Activity of Dichloroacetic Acid in Mice. Toxicol Sci 2017; 159:354-365. [PMID: 28962523 PMCID: PMC6223632 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life environmental factors can influence later-life susceptibility to cancer. Recent evidence suggests that metabolic pathways may mediate this type of latency effect. Previously, we reported that short-term exposure to dichloroacetic acid (DCA) increased liver cancer in mice 84 weeks after exposure was stopped. Here, we evaluated time course dynamics for key events related to this effect. This study followed a stop-exposure design in which 28-day-old male B6C3F1 mice were given the following treatments in drinking water for up to 93 weeks: deionized water (dH2O, control); 3.5 g/l DCA continuously; or 3.5 g/l DCA for 4-52 weeks followed by dH2O. Effects were evaluated at eight interim time points. A short-term biomarker study was used to evaluate DCA effects at 6, 15, and 30 days. Liver tumor incidence was higher in all DCA treatment groups, including carcinomas in 82% of mice previously treated with DCA for only 4 weeks. Direct effects of DCA in the short-term study included decreased liver cell proliferation and marked mRNA changes related to mitochondrial dysfunction and altered cell metabolism. However, all observed short-term effects of DCA were ultimately reversible, and prior DCA treatment did not affect liver cell proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, or DNA sequence variants with age. Key intermediate events resulting from transient DCA exposure do not fit classical cytotoxic, mitogenic, or genotoxic modes of action for carcinogenesis, suggesting a distinct mechanism associated with early-life metabolic disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C. Wehmas
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Anthony B. DeAngelo
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Susan D. Hester
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Brian N. Chorley
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Gleta Carswell
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Greg R. Olson
- Toxicologic Pathology Associates, Jefferson, AK,
USA
| | - Michael H. George
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | | | | | - Anna Fisher
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Beena Vallanat
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
| | - Charles E. Wood
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC,
USA
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33
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Aboubakr EM, Taye A, Aly OM, Gamal-Eldeen AM, El-Moselhy MA. Enhanced anticancer effect of Combretastatin A-4 phosphate when combined with vincristine in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:36-46. [PMID: 28214686 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulin targeting agents have received considerable interest as a potential tumor-selective vascular disrupting agents, which represent another avenue for cancer growing therapeutic opportunities. Hence, the present study was conducted to investigate the anti-tumor activity of Combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA4-P) and vincristine against hepatocellular carcinoma in rats, by individual administration and in combination. In vitro study was conducted using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, showed that CA4-P and vincristine have a potent cell cytotoxic and tubulin inhibitory effect. In addition, a remarkable synergistic effect was observed by the simultaneous application of both drugs. Whereas in vivo study was conducted using model of rat liver cancer initiated with DENA and promoted by CCl4, showed that CA4-P and vincristine were significantly decreased liver relative weight, number of hepatic nodules and there relative volumes, tubulin content of the hepatic tissue, GSH and AFP. On the other hand, co-administration of both drugs exhibited significant further decrements in these parameters. Whereas a marked increase in MDA, carbonyl content and TNF-α inside hepatic tissue were observed in the treated groups and these increments were more prominent by co-administration of both drugs. In conclusion CA4-P showed a potential anti-cancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma and this effect was greatly enhanced by co-administration with vincristine. Additionally, our new findings provided an important evidence that the anticancer activity of drugs with a narrow therapeutic window such as vincristine can be greatly improved by its co-administration with CA4-P providing more enhanced activity with less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam M Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, South Valley University, 6 Km, Qena Safaga Road, Qena, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf Taye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Minia University, Ard Shalaby, Misr-Aswan Road, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Omar M Aly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Minia University, Ard Shalaby, Misr-Aswan Road, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Amira M Gamal-Eldeen
- Cancer Biology, Center of excellence for advanced sciences, National Research Center, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A El-Moselhy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Minia University, Ard Shalaby, Misr-Aswan Road, El-Minia, Egypt.
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34
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Gu JJ, Yao M, Yang J, Cai Y, Zheng WJ, Wang L, Yao DB, Yao DF. Mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyl transferase-II inactivity aggravates lipid accumulation in rat hepatocarcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:256-264. [PMID: 28127199 PMCID: PMC5236505 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i2.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the dynamic alteration of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyl transferase II (CPT-II) expression during malignant transformation of rat hepatocytes.
METHODS Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed with normal, high fat (HF), and HF containing 2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) diet, respectively. According to the Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of livers, rats were divided into control, fatty liver, degeneration, precancerous, and cancerous groups. Liver lipids were dyed with Oil Red O, CPT-II alterations were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and compared with CPT-II specific concentration (μg/mg protein). Levels of total cholesterol (Tch), triglyceride (TG), and amino-transferases [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)] were determined by the routine methods.
RESULTS After intake of HF and/or HF+2-FAA diets, the rat livers showed mass lipid accumulation. The lipid level in the control group was significantly lower than that in other groups. The changes of serum TG and Tch levels were abnormally increasing, 2-3 times more than those in the controls (P < 0.05). During the rat liver morphological changes from normal to cancer development process with hepatocyte injury, serum AST and ALT levels were significantly higher (4-8 times, P < 0.05) than those in the control group. The specific concentration of CPT-II in liver tissues progressively decreased during hepatocyte malignant transformation, with the lowest CPT-II levels in the cancer group than in any of the other groups (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION Low CPT-II expression might lead to abnormal hepatic lipid accumulation, which should promote the malignant transformation of hepatocytes.
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35
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Li JP, Feng GL, Li DQ, Wang HB, Zhao DL, Wan Y, Jiang HJ. Detection and differentiation of early hepatocellular carcinoma from cirrhosis using CT perfusion in a rat liver model. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2016; 15:612-618. [PMID: 27919850 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(16)60148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional imaging such as CT perfusion can detect morphological and hemodynamic changes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pre-carcinoma and early HCC nodules are difficult to differentiate by observing only their hemodynamics changes. The present study aimed to investigate hemodynamic parameters and evaluate their differential diagnostic cut-off between pre-carcinoma and early HCC nodules using CT perfusion and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (n=20) and experimental (n=70) groups. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was used to induce pre-carcinoma and early HCC nodules in the experimental group. Perfusion scanning was carried out on all survival rats discontinuously from 8 to 16 weeks. Hepatic portal perfusion (HPP), hepatic arterial fraction (HAF), hepatic arterial perfusion (HAP), hepatic blood volume (HBV), hepatic blood flow (HBF), mean transit time (MTT) and permeability of capillary vessel surface (PS) data were provided by mathematical deconvolution model. The perfusion parameters were compared among the three groups of rats (control, pre-carcinoma and early HCC groups) using the Kruskal-Wallis test and analyzed with ROC curves. Histological examination of the liver tissues with hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed after CT scan. RESULTS For HPP, HAF, HBV, HBF and MTT, there were significant differences among the three groups (P<0.05). HAF had the highest areas under the ROC curves: 0.80 (control vs pre-carcinoma groups) and 0.95 (control vs early HCC groups) with corresponding optimal cut-offs of 0.37 and 0.42, respectively. The areas under the ROC curves for HPP was 0.79 (control vs pre-carcinoma groups) and 0.92 (control vs early HCC groups) with corresponding optimal cut-offs of 136.60 mL/min/100 mg and 108.47 mL/min/100 mg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CT perfusion combined with ROC curve analysis is a new diagnosis model for distinguishing between pre-carcinoma and early HCC nodules. HAF and HPP are the ideal reference indices.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Area Under Curve
- Blood Flow Velocity
- Capillary Permeability
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/physiopathology
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/diagnostic imaging
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/physiopathology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Diethylnitrosamine
- Early Detection of Cancer/methods
- Hepatic Artery/diagnostic imaging
- Hepatic Artery/physiopathology
- Hepatic Veins/diagnostic imaging
- Hepatic Veins/physiopathology
- Liver Circulation
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/diagnostic imaging
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/physiopathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/diagnostic imaging
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/physiopathology
- Male
- Multidetector Computed Tomography
- Perfusion Imaging/methods
- Portal Vein/diagnostic imaging
- Portal Vein/physiopathology
- Predictive Value of Tests
- ROC Curve
- Rats, Wistar
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
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36
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Ribback S, Sailer V, Böhning E, Günther J, Merz J, Steinmüller F, Utpatel K, Cigliano A, Peters K, Pilo MG, Evert M, Calvisi DF, Dombrowski F. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitor Gefitinib Reduces but Does Not Prevent Tumorigenesis in Chemical and Hormonal Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis Rat Models. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101618. [PMID: 27669229 PMCID: PMC5085651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway promotes the development of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) and carcinoma (HCC). The selective EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib was found to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis in rat cirrhotic livers. Thus, Gefitinib might reduce progression of pre-neoplastic liver lesions to HCC. In short- and long-term experiments, administration of N-Nitrosomorpholine (NNM) or intrahepatic transplantation of pancreatic islets in diabetic (PTx), thyroid follicles in thyroidectomized (TTx) and ovarian fragments in ovariectomized (OTx) rats was conducted for the induction of foci of altered hepatocytes (FAH). Gefitinib was administered for two weeks (20 mg/kg) or three and nine months (10 mg/kg). In NNM-treated rats, Gefitinib administration decreased the amount of FAH when compared to controls. The amount of HCA and HCC was decreased, but development was not prevented. Upon all transplantation models, proliferative activity of FAH was lower after administration of Gefitinib in short-term experiments. Nevertheless, the burden of HCA and HCC was not changed in later stages. Thus, EGFR inhibition by Gefitinib diminishes chemical and hormonal also induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the initiation stage in the non-cirrhotic liver. However, progression to malignant hepatocellular tumors was not prevented, indicating only a limited relevance of the EGFR signaling cascade in later stages of hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ribback
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Verena Sailer
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
- Englander Institut for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell University of Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Enrico Böhning
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Julia Günther
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Jaqueline Merz
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Frauke Steinmüller
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
- Pathologisches Institut Diakonie-Krankenhaus, 27356 Rotenburg (Wümme), Germany.
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Antonio Cigliano
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Kristin Peters
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Maria G Pilo
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Frank Dombrowski
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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Liu J, Man S, Li J, Zhang Y, Meng X, Gao W. Inhibition of diethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer in rats by Rhizoma paridis saponin. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 46:103-109. [PMID: 27451357 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoma Paridis saponin (RPS) had been regarded as the main active components responsible for the anti-tumor effects of the herb Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz. In the present research, we set up a rat model of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatoma to evaluate antitumor effect of RPS. After 20 weeks treatment, rats were sacrificed to perform histopathological examinations, liver function tests, oxidative stress assays and so forth. As a result, DEN-induced hepatoma formation. RPS alleviated levels of liver injury through inhibiting liver tissues of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) formation, increasing superoxide dismutases (SOD) production, and up-regulating expression of GST-α/μ/π in DEN-induced rats. All in all, RPS would be a potent agent inhibiting chemically induced liver cancer in the prospective application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Kujawska M, Ewertowska M, Adamska T, Ignatowicz E, Gramza-Michałowska A, Jodynis-Liebert J. Protective effect of yellow tea extract on N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced liver carcinogenesis. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:1891-1900. [PMID: 26839940 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1137600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Yellow tea containing the same catechins as other types of tea but in different proportions has been suggested to possess potent anticancer activities. Objective This study investigates the chemopreventive effect of yellow tea aqueous extract against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced liver carcinogenesis in rats by employing histological and biochemical methods. Materials and methods Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups: control (I), yellow tea (II), NDEA (III), and yellow tea + NDEA (IV). Groups II and IV were exposed via a diet to yellow tea extract in a concentration of 10 g/kg feed; groups III and IV received 0.01% NDEA in drinking water. The experiment lasted for 13 weeks. Results Daily intake of yellow tea in an average dose of 800 mg/kg b.w. alleviated the carcinogenic effect of NDEA as evidenced by reversed histopathological changes towards normal hepatocellular architecture and decreased lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl formation, and DNA degradation by 64%, 37% and 15%, respectively, as compared with values obtained in NDEA alone-treated rats. Treatment with yellow tea extract caused protection of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); their activity was recovered by 47% and 12%, respectively, as compared with the NDEA-treated rats. Moreover, the extract normalized the NDEA-induced activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), while a further increase in the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) was noticed. Conclusions On the basis of these findings, it can be concluded that treatment with yellow tea partially protected the livers of rats from NDEA-induced hepatocarcinogenesis and that its antioxidant activity contributed to this effect.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/isolation & purification
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/isolation & purification
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Camellia sinensis/chemistry
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/chemically induced
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- DNA Damage/drug effects
- Diethylnitrosamine
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Male
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plants, Medicinal
- Protein Carbonylation/drug effects
- Rats, Wistar
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kujawska
- a Department of Toxicology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ewertowska
- a Department of Toxicology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Teresa Adamska
- a Department of Toxicology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Ewa Ignatowicz
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Anna Gramza-Michałowska
- c Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland
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Abstract
Many plant products are known to exert antioxidative effects by quenching various free radicals and singlet molecular oxygen. Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh) is used extensively in the Indian traditional system of medicine as a hepatoprotective and hepatostimulative agent and has been reported to have antioxidant effects against different hepatotoxins. The present study aims to analyze antioxidant properties of an active component, andrographolide (ANDLE), extracted from A paniculata. This study investigates the effect of andrographolide on the hepatocellular antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation of control mice, mice treated with hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC) only, and andrographolide + BHC. Glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) are studied by spectrophotometric methods. The BHC experimental model forms an irreversible liver tumor in male mice. The activities of GSH, GR, GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT show significant ( P ≤ .05) increases, while γ-GTP and GST show significant decreases ( P ≤ .05) in andrographolide-supplemented mice as compared with BHC-treated mice. This study indicates that the antioxidant effect of andrographolide could be due to its ability to activate antioxidant enzymes that catalyze the reaction of oxidants and are effective in severe liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha P Trivedi
- Department of Zoology, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Yamada T, Cohen SM, Lake BG. The Mode of Action for Phenobarbital-Induced Rodent Liver Tumor Formation Is not Relevant for Humans: Recent Studies With Humanized Mice. Toxicol Sci 2016; 147:298-9. [PMID: 26408565 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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41
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Weber SN, Bohner A, Dapito DH, Schwabe RF, Lammert F. TLR4 Deficiency Protects against Hepatic Fibrosis and Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Pre-Carcinogenic Liver Injury in Fibrotic Liver. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158819. [PMID: 27391331 PMCID: PMC4938399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common consequence of advanced liver fibrosis but the interactions between fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis are still poorly understood. Recently it has been shown that HCC promotion depends on Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. Pre-cancerogenous events can be modelled in mice by the administration of a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN), with HCC formation depending amongst others on interleukin (IL) 6 production. Mice lacking the hepatocanalicular phosphatidylcholine transporter ABCB4 develop liver fibrosis spontaneously, resemble patients with sclerosing cholangitis due to mutations of the orthologous human gene, and represent a valid model to study tumour formation in pre-injured cholestatic liver. The aim of this study was to investigate DEN-induced liver injury in TLR4-deficient mice with biliary fibrosis. METHODS ABCB4-deficient mice on the FVB/NJ genetic background were crossed to two distinct genetic backgrounds (TLR4-sufficient C3H/HeN and TLR4-deficient C3H/HeJ) for more than 10 generations. The two congenic knockout and the two corresponding wild-type mouse lines were treated with a single dose of DEN for 48 hours. Phenotypic differences were assessed by measuring hepatic collagen contents, inflammatory markers (ALT, CRP, IL6) as well as hepatic apoptosis (TUNEL) and proliferation (Ki67) rates. RESULTS Hepatic collagen accumulation is significantly reduced in ABCB4-/-:TLR4-/-double-deficient mice. After DEN challenge, apoptosis, proliferation and inflammatory markers are decreased in TLR4-deficient in comparison to TLR4-sufficient mice. When combining ABCB4 and TLR4 deficiency with DEN treatment, hepatic IL6 expression and proliferation rates are lowest in fibrotic livers from the double-deficient line. Consistent with these effects, selective digestive tract decontamination in ABCB4-/- mice also led to reduced tumor size and number after DEN. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that liver injury upon DEN challenge depends on pre-existing fibrosis and genetic background. The generation of ABCB4-/: TLR4-/- double-deficient mice illustrates that TLR4-deficiency protects against hepatic injury in a preclinical mouse model of chronic liver disease.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Diethylnitrosamine/toxicity
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis/chemically induced
- Liver Cirrhosis/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Proteins/deficiency
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/chemically induced
- Precancerous Conditions/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/pathology
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/deficiency
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annika Bohner
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dianne H. Dapito
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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Abstract
Sulphur is an essential micronutrient required by the body in low concentrations, but its high intake can lead to a serious health hazard. Sulphur compounds are reported to induce several toxic responses in animals, but so far no reports are available on the toxic effects of elemental sulphur, following dietary supplementation. The present investigation was carried out with the aim of providing an insight into the role of dietary supplementation of sulphur on the induction of altered hepatic foci (AHF) using medium term liver bioassay in Wistar rats. Induction of AHF are early neoplastic changes in rat liver in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated and 2-acetylamino fluorene (2-AAF)-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis. The role of sulphur on induction of AHF was evaluated by the development of negative enzymatic foci for alkaline phosphatase (AlkPase), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and positive foci for marker enzymes, glutamyl transferase (GGT), placental isozyme of glutathione-S transferase (GST-P). A significant dose-dependent decrease in the relative and absolute liver weight of sulphur-administered rats was recorded. Dietary supplementation of 2% and 4% sulphur significantly induces both negative and positive focal areas in terms of area and counts for AHF. However, 1% sulphur administration failed to induce AHF up to significant levels. The results thus revealed the possible tumorigenic risk associated with the high sulphur-containing diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Arora
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, M.G. Marg PO Box No. 80, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Weinhouse C, Sartor MA, Faulk C, Anderson OS, Sant KE, Harris C, Dolinoy DC. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis implicates neuronal and inflammatory signaling pathways in adult murine hepatic tumorigenesis following perinatal exposure to bisphenol A. Environ Mol Mutagen 2016; 57:435-46. [PMID: 27334623 PMCID: PMC4945497 DOI: 10.1002/em.22024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Developmental exposure to the endocrine-active compound bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to epigenotoxic and potential carcinogenic effects in rodent liver, prostate, and mammary glands. A dose-dependent increase in hepatic tumors in 10-month mice perinatally exposed to one of three doses of BPA (50 ng, 50 µg, or 50 mg BPA/kg chow) was previously reported. These tumors represent early-onset disease and lack classical sexual dimorphism in incidence. Here, adult epigenome-wide liver DNA methylation profiles to identify gene promoters associated with perinatal BPA exposure and disease in 10-month mice with and without liver tumors were investigated. Mice with hepatic tumors showed 12,822 (1.8%) probes with differential methylation as compared with non-tumor animals, of which 8,656 (67.5%) were hypomethylated. A significant enrichment of differential methylation in Gene Ontology (GO) terms and biological processes related to morphogenesis and development, and epigenomic alteration were observed. Pathway enrichment revealed a predominance of hypermethylated neuronal signaling pathways linked to energy regulation and metabolic function, supporting metabolic consequences in the liver via BPA-induced disruption of neuronal signaling pathways. Hypothesis-driven pathway analysis revealed mouse and human genes linked to BPA exposure related to intracellular Jak/STAT and MAPK signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings are indicators of the relevance of the hepatic tumor phenotype seen in BPA-exposed mice to human health. This work demonstrated that epigenome-wide discovery experiments in animal models were effective tools for identification and understanding of paralagous epimutations salient to human disease. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:435-446, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Weinhouse
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maureen A. Sartor
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Faulk
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Olivia S. Anderson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Karilyn E. Sant
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Craig Harris
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Peerzada KJ, Faridi AH, Sharma L, Bhardwaj SC, Satti NK, Shashi B, Tasduq SA. Acteoside-mediates chemoprevention of experimental liver carcinogenesis through STAT-3 regulated oxidative stress and apoptosis. Environ Toxicol 2016; 31:782-798. [PMID: 26990576 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of an effective therapy against Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), chemoprevention remains an important strategy to circumvent morbidity and mortality. Here, we examined chemopreventive potential of Acteoside (ACT), a plant derived phenylethanoid glycoside against an environmental and dietary carcinogen, diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis. ACT treatment (0.1 and 0.3% supplemented with diet) started 2 weeks before DEN challenge and continued for 18 weeks thereafter, showed a remarkable chemopreventive activity. ACT treatment resulted in reduced HCC nodules. Histopathology showed progressive tissue damage, necrosis (5 weeks), hepatocytic injury (10 weeks), anisonucleosis with presence of prominent nucleoli, sinusidal dilations, and lymphomono nuclear inflammation (18 weeks). Biochemical analysis showed hepatocytic injury (raised ALT, p < 0.001), inflammation [IL-6, IFN-γ (p < 0.05), and TNF-α (p < 0.001)], apoptosis [elevated Caspase-3 (p < 0.001)]. ACT at 0.1 and 0.3% ameliorated DEN-induced pre-hepatocarcinogenic manifestations. Mechanistic studies of ACT chemoprevention was elucidated using Hep3B cells with an aim to develop an in vitro DEN-induced toxicity model. Hep3B was found to be a reliable and more sensitive towards DEN toxicity compared to HepG2 and HuH7 cells. ACT prevented DEN-induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.001), DNA damage, and genotoxicity (micronuclei test, DNA ladder test, Hoechst staining, cell cycle analysis). ACT significantly (p < 0.001) scavenged DEN-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and prevented mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss. Immunoblotting showed ACT treatment reversed DEN-induced NF-κB, Bax, Cytochrome C, Bcl-2, and Stat-3 levels. We conclude that chemoprotective effect of ACT is mediated by STAT-3 dependent regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis and ACT has potential to be developed as a chemopreventive agent. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 782-798, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiser J Peerzada
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aamir H Faridi
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Love Sharma
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Subhash C Bhardwaj
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Naresh K Satti
- Natural Products Chemistry (Plants), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhushan Shashi
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh A Tasduq
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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Abstract
This review focuses on the background hepatic pathology present in three of the most commonly used species in the safety assessment of drugs, namely the beagle dog, the marmoset and the cynomolgus macaque. Both the nonneoplastic and neoplastic pathology are reviewed with a discussion on the potential impact that significant background pathology might have on the interpretation of any drug-induced pathology during subsequent testing. Although specific instances, such as parasitological infection in wild-caught primates can pose problems of interpretation, in general the background pathology in both the dog and the nonhuman primates, is not significantly different from that seen in the liver of laboratory rodents and with experience should not pose significant problems for the experienced pathologist. The relative merits of the primate versus the dog as a choice of second species are also considered in some detail. Although there is an inbuilt prejudice that the primate will more closely mimic subsequent effects that might occur in man in the clinic, insofar as the liver is concerned, there are many instances where the dog has been more representative of human exposure and metabolism and there is little evidence to show that the nonhuman primate is consistently better than dog in predicting human liver toxicity. As with most areas of science, comparative toxicology would dictate that the more information gained, from as wide a range of species as is practical, will give the best assessment for any subsequent problems in the clinic. This pragmatic approach should prove to be more successful than one based entirely upon an assumption, and in many cases the assumption is incorrect, that the primate always predicts human toxicity better than the nonprimate, including the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Foster
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, England.
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Okamura M, Moto M, Muguruma M, Ito T, Jin M, Kashida Y, Mitsumori K. A 26-Week Carcinogenicity Study of 2-Amino-3-Methylimidazo[4,5-f]Quinoline in rasH2 Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 34:199-205. [PMID: 16537296 DOI: 10.1080/01926230600640058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the carcinogenic susceptibility of rasH2 mice to 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5- f ]quinoline (IQ), 7-week-old rasH2 mice and their wild-type littermates (non-Tg mice) of both the sexes were fed a diet containing 0 or 300 ppm IQ for 26 weeks. Microscopical examinations revealed that the proliferative lesions of the forestomach, including squamous cell hyperplasias, papillomas, and carcinomas, were frequently encountered in male and female rasH2 mice fed with IQ. In non-Tg mice, no significant differences in the incidence of forestomach lesions were observed between the 0 ppm and 300 ppm groups. Histopathological changes such as periportal hepatocellular hypertrophy and oval cell proliferation in the liver were more apparent in female rasH2 and non-Tg mice than in males, and the incidence of hepatocellular altered foci significantly increased in female rasH2 mice in the 300 ppm group as compared to that in the 0 ppm group. These results suggest that the carcinogenic potential of IQ can be detected in rasH2 mice by a 26-week, short-term carcinogenicity test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Okamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu City, Tokyo, Japan.
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47
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Allen JW, Wolf DC, George MH, Hester SD, Sun G, Thai SF, Delker DA, Moore T, Jones C, Nelson G, Roop BC, Leavitt S, Winkfield E, Ward WO, Nesnow S. Toxicity Profiles in Mice Treated with Hepatotumorigenic and Non-Hepatotumorigenic Triazole Conazole Fungicides: Propiconazole, Triadimefon, and Myclobutanil. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 34:853-62. [PMID: 17178687 DOI: 10.1080/01926230601047816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Conazoles comprise a class of fungicides used in agriculture and as pharmaceutical products. The fungicidal properties of conazoles are due to their inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. Certain conazoles are tumorigenic in rodents; both propiconazole and triadimefon are hepatotoxic and hepatotumorigenic in mice, while myclobutanil is not a mouse liver tumorigen. As a component of a large-scale study aimed at determining the mode(s) of action for tumorigenic conazoles, we report the results from comparative evaluations of liver and body weights, liver histopathology, cell proliferation, cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity, and serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels after exposure to propiconazole, triadimefon, and myclobutanil. Male CD-1 mice were treated in the feed for 4, 30, or 90 days with triadimefon (0, 100, 500, or 1800 ppm), propiconazole (0, 100, 500, or 2500 ppm) or myclobutanil (0, 100, 500, or 2000 ppm). Alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (AROD) assays indicated that all 3 chemicals induced similar patterns of dose-related increases in metabolizing enzyme activity. PROD activities exceeded those of MROD, and EROD with propiconazole inducing the highest activities of PROD. Mice had similar patterns of dose-dependent increases in hepatocyte hypertrophy after exposure to the 3 conazoles. High-dose exposures to propiconazole and myclobutanil, but not triadimefon, were associated with early (4 days) increases in cell proliferation. All the chemicals at high doses reduced serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels at 30 days of treatment, while only triadimefon had this effect at 4 days of treatment and only myclobutanil and propiconazole at 90 days of treatment. Overall, the tumorigenic and nontumorigenic conazoles induced similar effects on mouse liver CYP enzyme activities and pathology. There was no specific pattern of tissue responses that could consistently be used to differentiate the tumorigenic conazoles, propiconazole, and triadimefon, from the nontumorigenic myclobutanil. These findings serve to anchor other transcriptional profiling studies aimed at probing differences in key events and modes of action for tumorigenic and nontumorigenic conazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Allen
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA.
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48
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Wanibuchi H, Wei M, Karim MR, Morimura K, Doi K, Kinoshita A, Fukushima S. Existence of No Hepatocarcinogenic Effect Levels of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline with or without Coadministration with Ethanol. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 34:232-6. [PMID: 16698719 DOI: 10.1080/01926230600713632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of the existence of no effect levels for genotoxic carcinogens. However, only limited information is available regarding dose-response curves for combination effects of multiple carcinogens at low dose. In the present study, 280 male F344 rats were divided into 14 groups to determine the effects of co-administration of various doses of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5- f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 10% ethanol on the development of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci in the liver. The results provided concrete evidence for the existence of no effect levels for hepatocarcinogenicity of MeIQx either in presence or absence of ethanol and, therefore, for a practical threshold for this genotoxic carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Wanibuchi
- Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
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Ward WO, Delker DA, Hester SD, Thai SF, Wolf DC, Allen JW, Nesnow S. Transcriptional Profiles in Liver from Mice Treated with Hepatotumorigenic and Nonhepatotumorigenic Triazole Conazole Fungicides: Propiconazole, Triadimefon, and Myclobutanil. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 34:863-78. [PMID: 17178688 DOI: 10.1080/01926230601047832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Conazoles are environmental and pharmaceutical fungicides. The present study relates the toxicological effects of conazoles to alterations of gene and pathway transcription and identifies potential modes of tumorigenic action. In a companion study employing conventional toxicological bioassays ( Allen et al., 2006 ), male CD-1 mice were fed triadimefon, propiconazole, or myclobutanil in a continuous oral-dose regimen for 4, 30, or 90 days. These conazoles were found to induce hepatomegaly, to induce high levels of hepatic pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity, to increase hepatic cell proliferation, to decrease serum cholesterol, and to increase serum triglycerides. Differentially expressed genes and pathways were identified using Affymetrix GeneChips. Gene-pathway associations were obtained from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Biocarta, and MetaCore compendia. The pathway profiles of each conazole were different at each time point. In general, the number of altered metabolism, signaling, and growth pathways increased with time and dose and were greatest with propiconazole. All conazoles had effects on nuclear receptors as evidenced by increased expression and enzymatic activities of a series of related cytochrome P450s (CYP). A subset of altered genes and pathways distinguished the three conazoles from each other. Triadimefon and propiconazole both altered apoptosis, cell cycle, adherens junction, calcium signaling, and EGFR signaling pathways. Triadimefon produced greater changes in cholesterol biosynthesis and retinoic acid metabolism genes and in selected signaling pathways. Propiconazole had greater effects on genes responding to oxidative stress and on the IGF/P13K/AKt/PTEN/mTor and Wnt-β-catenin pathways. In conclusion, while triadimefon, propiconazole, and myclobutanil had similar effects in mouse liver on hepatomegaly, histology, CYP activities, cell proliferation, and serum cholesterol, genomic analyses revealed major differences in their gene expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William O Ward
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA.
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Mitchell J, Tinkey PT, Avritscher R, Van Pelt C, Eskandari G, George SK, Xiao L, Cressman E, Morris JS, Rashid A, Kaseb AO, Amin HM, Uthamanthil R. Validation of a Preclinical Model of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatic Neoplasia in Yucatan Miniature Pigs. Oncology 2016; 91:90-100. [PMID: 27305144 PMCID: PMC5432216 DOI: 10.1159/000446074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to reduce the time to tumor onset in a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) swine model via partial liver embolization (PLE) and to characterize the model for use in translational research. METHODS Eight Yucatan miniature pigs were injected intraperitoneally with either saline (n = 2) or DEN (n = 6) solution weekly for 12 weeks. Three of the DEN-treated pigs underwent PLE. The animals underwent periodic radiological evaluation, liver biopsy, and blood sampling, and full necropsy was performed at study termination (∼29 months). RESULTS All DEN-treated pigs developed hepatic adenoma and HCC. PLE accelerated the time to adenoma development but not to HCC development. Biomarker analysis results showed that IGF1 levels decreased in all DEN-treated pigs as functional liver capacity decreased with progression of HCC. VEGF and IL-6 levels were positively correlated with disease progression. Immunohistochemical probing of HCC tissues demonstrated the expression of several important survival-promoting proteins. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate an accelerated development of hepatic neoplasia in Yucatan miniature pigs. Our HCC swine model closely mimics the human condition (i.e., progressive disease stages and expression of relevant molecular markers) and is a viable translational model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mitchell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Peggy T. Tinkey
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rony Avritscher
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Carolyn Van Pelt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ghazaleh Eskandari
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Suraj Konnath George
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lianchun Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Erik Cressman
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jeffrey S. Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ahmed O. Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hesham M. Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Rajesh Uthamanthil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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