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Pereira A, Ferrer P, Binder A, Rojas J, Michels KB, Corvalán C, Mericq V. Association Between Markers of Adiposity During Childhood and Puberty Onset in Latino Girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1272-e1281. [PMID: 37226986 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prepubertal adiposity is associated with earlier puberty. It is unclear when this association starts, if all adiposity markers are similarly associated, and whether all pubertal milestones are similarly affected. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between different adiposity markers during childhood and the timing of different pubertal milestones in Latino girls. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Longitudinal follow-up of 539 female participants of the Chilean Growth and Obesity Cohort recruited from childcare centers (mean age 3.5 years) from the southeast area of Santiago, Chile. Participants were singletons born between 2002 and 2003 within the normal birthweight range. Since 2006, a trained dietitian measured weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and skinfolds to estimate body mass index (BMI) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention percentiles, central obesity, percentage of fat mass (%FM), and fat mass index (FMI, fat mass/height2). MAIN OUTCOME Since 2009, sexual maturation was assessed every 6 months to assess age at (1) thelarche, (2) pubarche, (3) menarche, and (4) peak height velocity (PHV). RESULTS At thelarche, 12.5% were obese and 2% had central obesity. The median age of pubarche, menarche, and PHV were all associated with markers of adiposity at different time points during childhood whereas thelarche only with %FM and FMI. Adiposity clusters models showed that children with trajectories of high WC, %FM, and FMI during childhood were related with earlier thelarche, pubarche, menarche, and PHV but BMI trajectories only with menarche and PHV. CONCLUSIONS Higher WC, %FM, and FMI were associated with earlier age at thelarche, pubarche, menarche, and PHV. The effect of BMI was less consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pereira
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, 7830490 Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Ferrer
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, 7830490 Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandra Binder
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology), University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
| | - Joanna Rojas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atacama, 1530000 Copiapó, Chile
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, 7830490 Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Mericq
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8360160 Santiago, Chile
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Brüning JC, Fenselau H. Integrative neurocircuits that control metabolism and food intake. Science 2023; 381:eabl7398. [PMID: 37769095 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl7398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Systemic metabolism has to be constantly adjusted to the variance of food intake and even be prepared for anticipated changes in nutrient availability. Therefore, the brain integrates multiple homeostatic signals with numerous cues that predict future deviations in energy supply. Recently, our understanding of the neural pathways underlying these regulatory principles-as well as their convergence in the hypothalamus as the key coordinator of food intake, energy expenditure, and glucose metabolism-have been revealed. These advances have changed our view of brain-dependent control of metabolic physiology. In this Review, we discuss new concepts about how alterations in these pathways contribute to the development of prevalent metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and how this emerging knowledge may provide new targets for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henning Fenselau
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Research Group Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Bayartai ME, Luomajoki H, Tringali G, De Micheli R, Abbruzzese L, Sartorio A. Differences in spinal posture and mobility between adults with obesity and normal weight individuals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13409. [PMID: 37591910 PMCID: PMC10435449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to cross-sectionally investigate the relationships between obesity and spinal posture as well as mobility by comparing the spinal parameters between adults with obesity and normal-weight individuals. The spinal parameters were measured in 71 adults with obesity and 142 normal-weight individuals using a radiation-free back scan, the Idiag M360. Differences in spinal posture and movements between the two groups were determined using a two-way analysis of variance. Adults with obesity had greater thoracic kyphosis [difference between groups (Δ) = 6.1°, 95% CI 3.3°-8.9°, p < 0.0001] and thoracic lateral flexion (Δ = 14.5°, 95% CI 5.1°-23.8°, p = 0.002), as well as smaller thoracic flexion (Δ = 3.5°, 95% CI 0.2°-6.9°, p = 0.03), thoracic extension (Δ = 4.1°, 95% CI 1.1°-7.1°, p = 0.008), lumbar flexion (Δ = 10.4°, 95% CI 7.7°-13.5°, p < 0.0001), lumbar extension (Δ = 4.8°, 95% CI 2.2°-7.4°, p = 0.0003) and lumbar lateral flexion (Δ = 12.8°, 95% CI 9.8°-15.7°, p = < 0.0001) compared to those with normal weight. These findings provide relevant information about the characteristics of the spine in adults with obesity to be taken into careful consideration in the prescription of adapted physical activities within integrated multidisciplinary pathways of metabolic rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkh-Erdene Bayartai
- Institute of Physiotherapy, School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, ZHAW, Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 9, 8401, Winterthur, Switzerland.
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, School of Nursing, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Hannu Luomajoki
- Institute of Physiotherapy, School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, ZHAW, Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 9, 8401, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Tringali
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Roberta De Micheli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Laura Abbruzzese
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of Eating and Nutrition Disorders, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
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Barazzoni R, Cederholm T, Zanetti M, Gortan Cappellari G. Defining and diagnosing sarcopenia: Is the glass now half full? Metabolism 2023; 143:155558. [PMID: 37031950 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Low muscle mass and function exert a substantial negative impact on quality of life, health and ultimately survival, but their definition, identification and combination to define sarcopenia have suffered from lack of universal consensus. Methodological issues have also contributed to incomplete agreement, as different approaches, techniques and potential surrogate measures inevitably lead to partly different conclusions. As a consequence: 1) awareness of sarcopenia and implementation of diagnostic procedures in clinical practice have been limited; 2) patient identification and evaluation of therapeutic strategies is largely incomplete. Significant progress has however recently occurred after major diagnostic algorithms have been developed, with common features and promising perspectives for growing consensus. At the same time, the need for further refinement of the sarcopenia concept has emerged, to address its increasingly recognized clinical heterogeneity. This includes potential differential underlying mechanisms and clinical features for age- and disease-driven sarcopenia, and the emerging challenge of sarcopenia in persons with obesity. Here, we will review existing algorithms to diagnose sarcopenia, and major open methodological issues to assess skeletal muscle mass and function under different clinical conditions, in order to highlight similarities and differences. Potential for consensus on sarcopenia diagnosis as well as emerging new challenges will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Barazzoni
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), Trieste, Italy.
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Uppsala University and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michela Zanetti
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gortan Cappellari
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), Trieste, Italy
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Huang Q, Zou X, Gao P, Han X, Zhou X, Ji L. How does obesity affect mortality through blood pressure and blood glucose in Chinese and US citizens? Insights from a causal mediation analysis of two large cohorts. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04032. [PMID: 37022778 PMCID: PMC10078858 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity, which has reached the scale of a global pandemic, is a leading cause of premature death. It is unclear to what extent its effect on mortality was driven by blood pressure or glucose levels in people of different ethnicities. Methods We conducted a causal mediation analysis to estimate the mediation effect of blood pressure and glucose between body mass index (BMI) or waist-hip ratio (WHR) on mortality based on data from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) (n = 458 385) and US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999-2008, n = 20 726). Results The WHR's effect on mortality was mediated by blood pressure and glucose in the CKB data set by 38.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 34.1, 43.2) and 36.4% (95% CI = 31.6, 42.8), whereas in NHANES by 6.0% (95% CI = 2.3, 8.3) and 11.2% (95% CI = 4.7, 22.7), respectively. For associations between BMI and mortality in subjects with overweight or obesity, the mediator proportion of blood glucose and pressure was 49.4% (95% CI = 40.1, 62.5) and 16.9% (95% CI = 13.6, 22.9) in CKB and 9.10% (95% CI = 2.2, 25.9) and 16.7% (95% CI = 7.3, 49.0) in NHANES, respectively. We stratified the patients by their blood glucose, blood pressure level, or both into four groups. The effect of WHR on mortality was comparable across subgroups in either cohort. The associations between BMI and mortality were stronger in patients with higher blood pressure in CKB (P = 0.011) and blood glucose in NHANES (P = 0.035) in patients with overweight and obesity. Conclusions The relationship between WHR and mortality in the CKB data set was potentially caused by blood pressure and glucose to a much greater extent than in the NHANES one. The effect of BMI influenced by blood pressure was significantly higher among Chinese individuals with overweight and obesity. These results implicate a different intervention strategy is required for blood pressure and blood glucose in China and US to prevent obesity and obesity-related premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiantong Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyao Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghai Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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Li C, Liu Z, Zhao M, Zhang C, Bovet P, Xi B. Weight status change from birth to childhood and the odds of high blood pressure among Chinese children. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1135994. [PMID: 37089505 PMCID: PMC10116612 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1135994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIt is well documented that birth weight and childhood weight are associated with the blood pressure (BP) levels in childhood. However, the impact of weight status change from birth to childhood on BP among children is less well described. We aimed to assess the association between changes in weight status from birth to childhood and high BP in childhood.Methods and resultsData were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Jinan, China, and a total of 5,546 children aged 6–17 years were included in this study. Based on the birth weight status [high weight (> 4,000 g) vs. normal weight (2,500–4,000 g)] and childhood weight status during the survey period [high weight (overweight and obesity) vs. normal weight], children were assigned into four groups: persistently normal weight (normal birth weight and normal childhood weight), resolved high weight (high birth weight but normal childhood weight), incident high weight (normal birth weight but high childhood weight), and persistently high weight (high birth weight and high childhood weight). After adjustment for sex and age, BP in childhood was more responsive to current body mass index (BMI) than birth weight. After adjustment for the potential covariates, compared with children who had persistently normal weight from birth to childhood, those with incident high weight (odds ratio [OR] = 3.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.29–4.57) and persistently high weight (OR = 3.52, 95% CI = 2.71–4.57) were associated with the increased odds of childhood high BP. However, children who had resolved high weight did not have significantly increased odds of high BP in childhood (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.59–1.25).ConclusionThe association of BP with recent BMI was stronger than with birth weight. Children who had incident or persistently high weight from birth to childhood had increased odds of high BP in childhood, whereas the odds was not significantly increased among those with high birth weight but changed to normal weight in childhood. Our findings highlight the importance of maintaining an appropriate weight in the early lifetime for the prevention of high BP and other related diseases, especially for those with high birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Xi,
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Meng X, Tian C, Xie C, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhang M, Lu Z, Li D, Chen L, Gao T. Punicalagin protects against impaired skeletal muscle function in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice by regulating TET2. Food Funct 2023; 14:3126-3138. [PMID: 36929898 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03926e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The function of skeletal muscles can be markedly hampered by obesity. Ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2) is an important therapeutic target for ameliorating skeletal muscle dysfunction. Our previous study revealed that punicalagin (PUN) regulated TET2 in obese mice; however, whether PUN can prevent obesity-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction by regulating TET2 remains unclear. In the present study, 40 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group): the control (CON) group, the high-fat-diet (HFD, negative control) group, the resveratrol (positive control) group, and the PUN group. The ratio of gastrocnemius weight to body weight (0.0097 ± 0.0016 vs. 0.0080 ± 0.0011), the grip strength (120.04 g ± 11.10 vs. 98.89 g ± 2.79), and the muscle fiber count (314.56 per visual field ± 92.73 vs. 236.44 per visual field ± 50.58) in the PUN group were higher than those in the HFD group. Moreover, the levels of the TET2 protein, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), and 5-formylcytosine (5fC) in skeletal muscles were significantly lower in the HFD group than those in the CON group; these levels increased after PUN treatment. Compared with the HFD group, the phosphorylation level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α in the PUN group was higher, which effectively enhanced the stability of the TET2 protein. Besides, the ratio of (succinic acid + fumaric acid)/α-ketoglutarate in the PUN group was lower than that in the HFD group (43.21 ± 12.42 vs. 99.19 ± 37.07), and a lower ratio led to a higher demethylase activity of TET2 in the PUN group than in the HFD group. This study highlights that PUN supplementation protects against obesity-induced impairment of the skeletal muscle function via regulating the protein stability of TET2 and the enzymatic activity of TET2 demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Meng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Chunyan Tian
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Chenqi Xie
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Haoyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Mai Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zhenquan Lu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Duo Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Tianlin Gao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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Geary N, Asarian L, Graf G, Gobbi S, Tobler PN, Rehfeld JF, Leeners B. Increased Meal Size but Reduced Meal-Stimulated Plasma Cholecystokinin Concentrations in Women With Obesity. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6845692. [PMID: 36423205 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the physiological basis of obesity in women, we investigated whether obesity or menstrual cycle phase affects laboratory test-meal size or meal-stimulated plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) concentration. Women with healthy weight (body mass index [BMI] of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, N = 16) or obesity (BMI 30-39.9 kg/m2, N = 20) were tested once in the late-follicular or peri-ovulatory phase (LF/PO) and once in the mid-luteal phase (ML). Meals of ham sandwiches were offered and blood was sampled. Menstrual cycle phases were verified with participants' reports of menses and measurements of progesterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations. Women with obesity ate significantly larger meals than women with healthy weight, (mean, 711 [95% CI, 402-1013] kJ, P = 0.001, during the LF/PO and 426 [105-734] kJ, P = 0.027, larger during the ML). Women with healthy weight ate smaller meals during LF/PO than ML (decrease, 510 [192-821 kJ], P = 0.008), but women with obesity did not (decrease, 226 [-87-542] kJ, P = 0.15). CCK concentrations 18 to 30 minutes after meal onset were lower in women with obesity than in women with healthy weight during LF/PO (3.6 [3.1-4.1] vs 6.1 [4.5-7.7] pmol/L; P = 0.004), but not during ML, with a significant interaction effect (1.8 [1.2-2.4] pmol/L, P = 0.048). Women with obesity consumed larger meals than women with healthy weight but displayed reduced meal-stimulated plasma CCK concentrations. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that a defect in CCK secretion compromises satiation in obese women and contributes to the development or maintenance of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Geary
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA†
| | - Lori Asarian
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gwendolyn Graf
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Gobbi
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brigitte Leeners
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Olaniyi KS, Atuma CL, Sabinari IW, Mahmud H, Saidi AO, Fafure AA, Olatunji LA. Acetate-mediated-obestatin modulation attenuates adipose-hepatic dysmetabolism in high fat diet-induced obese rat model. Endocrine 2022; 76:558-569. [PMID: 35229234 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately 650 million of world adult population is affected by obesity, which is characterized by adipose and hepatic metabolic dysfunction. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been linked to improved metabolic profile. However, the effect of SCFAs, particularly acetate on adipose-hepatic dysfunction is unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of acetate on adipose-hepatic metabolic dysfunction and the possible involvement of obestatin in high fat diet-induced obese Wistar rats. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats (160-190 g) were allotted into groups (n = 6/group): Control, acetate-treated, obese and obese + acetate-treated groups received vehicle (distilled water), sodium acetate (200 mg/kg), 40% HFD and 40% HFD plus sodium acetate respectively. The administration lasted for 12 weeks. RESULTS HFD caused increased body weight gain and visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and increased pancreatic-β cell function and plasma/hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol as well as decreased adipose triglyceride and total cholesterol, increased plasma, adipose, and hepatic malondialdehyde, TNF-α, uric acid, lactate production and plasma/adipose but not gamma-glutamyl transferase and decreased plasma, adipose, and hepatic nitric oxide, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione (GSH) and obestatin concentration compared to the control group. Notwithstanding, treatment with acetate attenuated the alterations. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that high fat diet-induced obesity is characterized with adipose and hepatic lipid dysmetabolism, which is associated with obestatin suppression. Findings also suggest that acetate provide protection against adipose and hepatic metabolic perturbations by restoring obestatin as well as G6PD/GSH-dependent antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde S Olaniyi
- Cardio/Repro-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria.
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Chukwubueze L Atuma
- Cardio/Repro-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Isaiah W Sabinari
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Mahmud
- Cardio/Repro-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Azeezat O Saidi
- Cardio/Repro-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Adedamola A Fafure
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence A Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Aslani MR, Sharghi A, Boskabady MH, Ghobadi H, Keyhanmanesh R, Alipour MR, Ahmadi M, Saadat S, Naghizadeh P. Altered gene expression levels of IL-17/TRAF6/MAPK/USP25 axis and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in lung tissue of obese ovalbumin-sensitized rats. Life Sci 2022; 296:120425. [PMID: 35202642 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The association between asthma and obesity has been shown but its accurate mechanism is unknown. In the current study, we sought to investigate the gene expression levels of IL-17/TRAF6/MAPK/USP25 axis and pro-inflammatory cytokine level (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in obese Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized female and male Wistar rats lung tissue. MAIN METHODS Animals in both males and females were divided into eight groups (four groups in each sex) based on diet and OVA-sensitization: normal diet, a normal diet with OVA-sensitization, high-fat diet (HFD), and OVA-sensitization with an HFD. KEY FINDINGS In both sexes, obese OVA-sensitized rats, the methacholine concentration-response curve shifted to the left and EC50 methacholine decreased. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as elevated IL-17/TRAF6/MAPK axis genes and decreased USP25 gene expression were identified in obese OVA-sensitized groups. SIGNIFICANCE The results indicate that in obese OVA-sensitized rats, the IL-17 axis were involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and can be considered as a therapeutic target in subjects with obesity-related asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Aslani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Afshan Sharghi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hassan Ghobadi
- Internal Medicine Department, Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Ahmadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeideh Saadat
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Parya Naghizadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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11
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Yang TO, Cairns BJ, Pirie K, Green J, Beral V, Floud S, Reeves GK. Body size in early life and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:232. [PMID: 35255844 PMCID: PMC8902765 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater early life adiposity has been reported to reduce postmenopausal breast cancer risk but it is unclear whether this association varies by tumour characteristics. We aimed to assess associations of early life body size with postmenopausal breast cancer and its subtypes, allowing for body size at other ages. METHODS A total of 342,079 postmenopausal UK women who reported their body size at age 10, clothes size at age 20, and body mass index (BMI) at baseline (around age 60) were followed by record linkage to national databases for cancers and deaths. Cox regression yielded adjusted relative risks (RRs) of breast cancer, overall and by tumour subtype, in relation to body size at different ages. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 14 years, 15,506 breast cancers were diagnosed. After adjustment for 15 potential confounders, greater BMI at age 60 was associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (RR per 5 kg/m2=1.20, 95%CI 1.18-1.22) whereas greater adiposity in childhood and, to a lesser extent, early adulthood, was associated with a reduced risk (0.70, 0.66-0.74, and 0.92, 0.89-0.96, respectively). Additional adjustment for midlife BMI strengthened associations with BMI at both age 10 (0.63, 0.60-0.68) and at age 20 (0.78, 0.75-0.81). The association with midlife adiposity was confined to hormone sensitive subtypes but early life adiposity had a similar impact on the risk of all subtypes. CONCLUSION Early life and midlife adiposity have opposite effects on postmenopausal breast cancer risk and the biological mechanisms underlying these associations are likely to differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- TienYu Owen Yang
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Benjamin J Cairns
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Kirstin Pirie
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Jane Green
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Valerie Beral
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Sarah Floud
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Gillian K Reeves
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
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12
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Espinosa De Ycaza AE, Søndergaard E, Morgan-Bathke M, Lytle K, Delivanis DA, Ramos P, Carranza Leon BG, Jensen MD. Adipose Tissue Inflammation Is Not Related to Adipose Insulin Resistance in Humans. Diabetes 2022; 71:381-393. [PMID: 34857544 PMCID: PMC8893944 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in AT function in humans is unclear. We tested whether AT macrophage (ATM) content, cytokine gene expression, and senescent cell burden (markers of AT inflammation) predict AT insulin resistance measured as the insulin concentration that suppresses lipolysis by 50% (IC50). We studied 86 volunteers with normal weight or obesity at baseline and a subgroup of 25 volunteers with obesity before and after weight loss. There was a strong positive relationship between IC50 and abdominal subcutaneous and femoral fat cell size (FCS). The positive, univariate relationships between IC50 and abdominal AT inflammatory markers CD68, CD14, CD206 ATM/100 adipocytes, senescent cells, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA were not significant after adjustment for FCS. A 10% weight loss significantly reduced IC50; however, there was no reduction in adipose ATM content, senescent cells, or cytokine gene expression. Our study suggests that commonly used markers of AT inflammation are not causally linked to AT insulin resistance, whereas FCS is a strong predictor of AT insulin resistance with respect to lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Espinosa De Ycaza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Panamanian Institute of Biological Research, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Morgan-Bathke
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Viterbo University, La Crosse, WI
| | - Kelli Lytle
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Paola Ramos
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Barbara Gisella Carranza Leon
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael D. Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Corresponding author: Michael D. Jensen,
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13
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Monji A, Zhang Y, Kumar GN, Guillermier C, Kim S, Olenchock B, Steinhauser ML. A Cycle of Inflammatory Adipocyte Death and Regeneration in Murine Adipose Tissue. Diabetes 2022; 71:412-423. [PMID: 35040481 PMCID: PMC8893943 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) expands by a combination of two fundamental cellular mechanisms: hypertrophic growth of existing adipocytes or through generation of new adipocytes, also known as hyperplastic growth. Multiple lines of evidence suggest a limited capacity for hyperplastic growth of AT in adulthood and that adipocyte number is relatively stable, even with fluctuations in AT mass. If the adipocyte number is stable in adulthood, despite well-documented birth and death of adipocytes, then this would suggest that birth may be coupled to death in a regenerative cycle. To test this hypothesis, we examined the dynamics of birth of new fat cells in relationship to adipocyte death by using high-fidelity stable isotope tracer methods in C57Bl6 mice. We discovered birth of new adipocytes at higher frequency in histological proximity to dead adipocytes. In diet-induced obesity, adipogenesis surged after an adipocyte death peak beyond 8 weeks of high-fat feeding. Through transcriptional analyses of AT and fractionated adipocytes, we found that the dominant cell death signals were inflammasome related. Proinflammatory signals were particularly evident in hypertrophied adipocytes or with deletion of a constitutive oxygen sensor and inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor, Egln1. We leveraged the potential role for the inflammasome in adipocyte death to test the adipocyte death-birth hypothesis, finding that caspase 1 loss of function attenuated adipocyte death and birth in murine visceral AT. These data collectively point to a regenerative cycle of adipocyte death and birth as a driver of adipogenesis in adult murine AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Monji
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yang Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - G.V. Naveen Kumar
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Christelle Guillermier
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Soomin Kim
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Benjamin Olenchock
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew L. Steinhauser
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for NanoImaging, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Corresponding author: Matthew L. Steinhauser,
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Suwimol S, Pisit T, Anchalee A, Narisorn K, Jureeporn J, Wiroj J. Neck circumference as a screening measure for identifying NAFLD among a group of academic employees in Bangkok, Thailand. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263826. [PMID: 35176047 PMCID: PMC8853466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neck circumference (NC) reflects the fat deposition in upper body and has potential to be used as a predictor of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Our objectives were to examine the association of NC with NAFLD prevalence, and to determine the optimal cut-off of NC in identifying the presence of NAFLD among the employees of an academic institution in Bangkok, Thailand. In this cross-sectional study, 635 employees of an academic institution underwent anthropometric measurement and transient elastography following an overnight fast. NAFLD was defined as a CAP value >238 dB.m-1. The NAFLD prevalence in men and women were 66.17% and 46.22%, respectively. The mean NCs for men and women with NAFLD were higher (38.53±0.31 cm and 35.83±0.48 cm, respectively) than those without NAFLD (33.58±0.24 and 31.098±0.14 cm, respectively) (p<0.001). Metabolic markers including age, weight, BMI, NC, WC, WHR, FBS, triglycerides were significantly higher, HDL was significantly lower among participants with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD (p<0.05). NC was independently associated with NAFLD among women with OR (95%CI) of 1.17 (1.05, 1.32). The optimal cut-offs of NC to predict NAFLD were 37.07 cm (sensitivity: 70.50%; specificity: 68.90%) and 32.07 cm (sensitivity: 70.70%; specificity: 62.10%), respectively for men and women. NC significantly correlated with NAFLD in women. The optimal cut-off points of 32 cm and 37 cm for men and women, which similar to Chinese populations. Therefore, it can be used as a cost-effective tool to predict NAFLD. Trial Registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20210329006)
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapwarobol Suwimol
- Medical Food Research Group, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Tangkijvanich Pisit
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kongruttanachok Narisorn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jantarapakde Jureeporn
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiamjarasrangsi Wiroj
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Chinta PK, Tambe S, Umrani D, Pal AK, Nandave M. Effect of parthenolide, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, on insulin resistance in high-fat diet-obese mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:272-281. [PMID: 35119950 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The activation of Nod-like receptor proteins (NLRP3) containing the pyrin domain inflammasome is a hallmark of the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome by phytoconstituents has been attempted as a strategy to mitigate these disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, parthenolide (PN; 5 mg/kg i.p.) against inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD) - obese mice. Treatment with PN and pioglitazone (PIO; 30 mg/kg p.o.) attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 ng/ml) - induced elevation of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in mouse peritoneal macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Sixty days of PN and PIO treatment marginally reduced obesity-induced insulin resistance in HFD-obese mice. PN treatment also decreased blood glucose from 14th to 60th day, supporting the hypothesis of simultaneous attenuation of inflammation and insulin resistance in obese mice. Thus, PN treatment was also evident with significant improvement in glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin resistance validated through the respective tolerance tests. Therefore, the present study suggests that PN, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, could be a possible therapeutic agent for attenuating obesity-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ajay Kumar Pal
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi-110017, INDIA
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi-110017, INDIA
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16
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Bjorklund J, Wiberg-Itzel E, Wallstrom T. Is there an increased risk of cesarean section in obese women after induction of labor? A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263685. [PMID: 35213544 PMCID: PMC8880764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is increasing in Sweden and is also of huge global concern. Obesity increases the risk of complications during pregnancy and the need for the induction of labor. Induction of labor increases the number of complications during delivery, leading to women with more negative birth experience. This study investigated how maternal body mass index (BMI) during antenatal care enrollment affects labor outcomes (proportion of cesarean section at induction of labor). Method This was a retrospective cohort study of 3772 women with mixed parity and induction of labor at Soderhospital, Stockholm, in 2009–2010 and 2012–2013. The inclusion criteria were simplex, ≥34 gestational weeks, cephalic presentation and no previous cesarean section. The women were grouped according to BMI, and statistical analyzes were performed to compare the proportion of cesarean sections after induction of labor. The primary outcome was the proportion of cesarean section after induction of labor divided by group of maternal BMI. The secondary outcomes were postpartum hemorrhage >1000 ml, time of labor, fetal outcome data, and indication for emergency cesarean section. Result The induction of labor in women with a high BMI resulted in a significantly increased risk of cesarean section, with 18.4–24.1% of deliveries, depending on the BMI group. This outcome persisted after adjustment in women with BMI 25–29.9 (aOR 1.4; 95% CI; 1.1–1.7) and BMI 30–34.9 (aOR 1.5; 95% CI; 1.1–2.1). There was also a significantly higher risk for CS among primiparous women (aOR 3.6; 95% CI; 2.9–45) and if the newborn weighted ≥ four kilos (aOR 1.6; 95% CI; 1.3–2.0). Conclusion Our findings show that a higher BMI increased the risk of cesarean section after induction of labor in the groups with BMI 25–34.9. Parity seems to be the strongest risk factor for CS regardless other variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Bjorklund
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Karolinska Institute, Soderhospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Womens Clinic, Soderhospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Wiberg-Itzel
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Karolinska Institute, Soderhospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Womens Clinic, Soderhospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tove Wallstrom
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Karolinska Institute, Soderhospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Womens Clinic, Soderhospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Cypess
- From the Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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18
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Fayed A, Wahabi HA, Esmaeil S, Elkouny R, Elmorshedy H, Bakhsh H. Independent effect of gestational weight gain and prepregnancy obesity on pregnancy outcomes among Saudi women: A sub-cohort analysis from Riyadh mother and baby cohort study (RAHMA). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262437. [PMID: 35015784 PMCID: PMC8751991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational weight gain (GWG) and prepregnancy obesity are garnering more attention as determining factors of pregnancy outcomes when it comes to the wellbeing of both the mother and her baby. This study was conducted to describe the pattern of GWG among participants of Riyadh Mother and Baby Multicenter Cohort Study (RAHMA) and to investigate the detrimental effects of excessive GWG and prepregnancy obesity on pregnancy outcomes. Methods RAHMA is a multicentre cohort study conducted in three hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants were categorized according to the Institute of Medicine into inadequate, adequate, and excessive GWG, and stratified by body mass index (BMI) into under/normal weight, overweight, and obese. To examine the independent effect of maternal prepregnancy obesity and GWG, a multivariate regression model was used and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for each outcome were calculated. Results A total of 7029 participants were included in this study; 31.8% had adequate GWG, 25.9% had excessive GWG and 42.3% had inadequate GWG, while 29.7% had normal BMI, 33.3% were overweight, 34.8% were obese, and 2.2% were underweight. Excessive GWG was independently associated with increased risk of hypertensive events, (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.20–2.63). Obesity was associated with higher risk of gestational diabetes (AOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.76–2.53), hypertensive events (AOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.48–3.01), and delivery by emergency caesarean section (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.35–1.97). Infants of obese women had increased odds of macrosomia (AOR 3.11, 95% CI 1.94–4.99) and lower odds of low birth weight (AOR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.53–0.88). Conclusion In comparison to excessive GWG, which increases the risk of hypertensive events during pregnancy, prepregnancy obesity is associated with more adverse outcomes including GDM, hypertensive events in pregnancy and emergency CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Fayed
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayfaa A. Wahabi
- Research Chair of Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City and College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Samia Esmaeil
- Research Chair of Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roaa Elkouny
- College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Elmorshedy
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi Bakhsh
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Eskew AM, Bedrick BS, Chavarro JE, Riley JK, Jungheim ES. Dietary patterns are associated with improved ovarian reserve in overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study of the Lifestyle and Ovarian Reserve (LORe) cohort. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:33. [PMID: 35183196 PMCID: PMC8857856 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that adherence to certain dietary patterns is associated with improved fecundity and reproductive outcomes in the general population and infertile couples assisted reproductive treatments. The objective of this study was to assess if dietary patterns are associated with ovarian reserve in reproductive age women without a history of infertility. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 185 women in the Lifestyle and Ovarian Reserve (LORe) cohort. Women aged 18-44 without a history of infertility were recruited from the local community at an academic medical center. Subjects completed validated food frequency and physical activity questionnaires to assess patterns over the year prior to presentation. Dietary patterns including a Western (including meat, refined carbohydrates, high-calorie drinks), prudent (including fruits, vegetables, olive oil and nuts), fertility (lower intake of trans fat with higher intake of monounsaturated fatty acids, increased intake of plant based protein, high-fat dairy, lower glycemic load carbohydrates and supplemental iron) and profertility diet (PFD) (characterize by whole grains, soy and seafood, low pesticide residue produce, supplemental folic acid, B12 and vitamin D) were identified through principal component analysis. Main outcome measures were serum antimullerian hormone concentration (AMH) (ng/mL) and antral follicle count (AFC) obtained by transvaginal ultrasound. RESULTS After stratifying by BMI, adjusting for age, smoking and physical activity, dietary patterns were not associated with ovarian reserve in normal weight women. Increased adherence to a profertility diet in overweight and obese women (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) was associated with a significantly higher AMH. Women in the third and fourth quartiles of PFD adherence had a mean AMH concentration of 1.45 ng/mL (95%CI 0.33-2.56, p = 0.01) and 1.67 ng/mL (95%CI 0.60-2.74, p = 0.003) higher than women in the lowest quartile respectively. The highest adherence to PFD was also associated with a higher AFC in women with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (β = 7.8, 95%CI 0.003-15.34, p < 0.05). Other common dietary patterns were not significantly associated with ovarian reserve. CONCLUSIONS Increased adherence to a profertility diet is associated with improved markers of ovarian reserve in overweight and obese women. These findings provide novel insight on potential modifiable lifestyle factors associated with ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Eskew
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, 28204, USA
| | - Bronwyn S Bedrick
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Present Address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joan K Riley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Emily S Jungheim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Sato H, Narita S, Ishida M, Takahashi Y, Mingguo H, Kashima S, Yamamoto R, Koizumi A, Nara T, Numakura K, Saito M, Yoshioka T, Habuchi T. Specific Gut Microbial Environment in Lard Diet-Induced Prostate Cancer Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042214. [PMID: 35216332 PMCID: PMC8878430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lard diet (LD) is a risk factor for prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. Two immunocompetent mouse models fed with isocaloric specific fat diets (LD) enriched in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid (SMFA), showed significanftly enhanced PCa progression with weight gain compared with a fish oil diet (FOD). High gut microbial divergency resulted from difference in diets, and the abundance of several bacterial species, such as in the orders Clostridiales and Lactobacillales, was markedly altered in the feces of LD- or FOD-fed mice. The proportion of the order Lactobacillales in the gut was negatively involved in SMFA-induced body weight gain and PCa progression. We found the modulation of lipid metabolism and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways with three and seven commonly up- and downregulated genes in PCa tissues, and some of them correlated with the abundance of the order Lactobacillales in mouse gut. The expression of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2, which is associated with the order Lactobacillales and cancer progression in mouse models, was inversely associated with aggressive phenotype and weight gain in patients with PCa using the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database. Therefore, SMFA may promote PCa progression with the abundance of specific gut microbial species and overexpression of lipogenic genes in PCa. Therapeutics with alteration of gut microbiota and candidate genes involved in diet-induced PCa progression may be attractive in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Sato
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (H.S.); (M.I.); (Y.T.); (H.M.); (S.K.); (R.Y.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (K.N.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Shintaro Narita
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (H.S.); (M.I.); (Y.T.); (H.M.); (S.K.); (R.Y.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (K.N.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-18-884-6154
| | - Masanori Ishida
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (H.S.); (M.I.); (Y.T.); (H.M.); (S.K.); (R.Y.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (K.N.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Yoshiko Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (H.S.); (M.I.); (Y.T.); (H.M.); (S.K.); (R.Y.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (K.N.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Huang Mingguo
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (H.S.); (M.I.); (Y.T.); (H.M.); (S.K.); (R.Y.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (K.N.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Soki Kashima
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (H.S.); (M.I.); (Y.T.); (H.M.); (S.K.); (R.Y.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (K.N.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Ryohei Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (H.S.); (M.I.); (Y.T.); (H.M.); (S.K.); (R.Y.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (K.N.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Atsushi Koizumi
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (H.S.); (M.I.); (Y.T.); (H.M.); (S.K.); (R.Y.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (K.N.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Taketoshi Nara
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (H.S.); (M.I.); (Y.T.); (H.M.); (S.K.); (R.Y.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (K.N.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Kazuyuki Numakura
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (H.S.); (M.I.); (Y.T.); (H.M.); (S.K.); (R.Y.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (K.N.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (H.S.); (M.I.); (Y.T.); (H.M.); (S.K.); (R.Y.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (K.N.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
| | - Toshiaki Yoshioka
- Field of Basic Science, Department of Occupational Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Science, Akita 010-8543, Japan;
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (H.S.); (M.I.); (Y.T.); (H.M.); (S.K.); (R.Y.); (A.K.); (T.N.); (K.N.); (M.S.); (T.H.)
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21
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Imerb N, Thonusin C, Pratchayasakul W, Arunsak B, Nawara W, Aeimlapa R, Charoenphandhu N, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves age induced bone dyshomeostasis in non-obese and obese conditions. Life Sci 2022; 295:120406. [PMID: 35182555 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on metabolic disturbance, aging and bone remodeling in D-galactose-induced aging rats with and without obesity by determining the metabolic parameters, aging and oxidative stress markers, bone turnover markers, bone microarchitecture, and bone biomechanical strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed either a normal diet (ND; n = 18) or a HFD (n = 12) for 22 weeks. At week 13, vehicle (0.9% NaCl) was injected into ND-fed rats (NDV; n = 6), while 150 mg/kg/day of D-galactose was injected into 12 ND-fed rats (NDD) and 12 HFD-fed rats (HFDD) for 10 weeks. At week 21, rats were treated with either sham (NDVS, NDDS, or HFDDS; n = 6/ group) or HBOT (NDDH, or HFDDH; n = 6/group) for 14 days. Rats were then euthanized. Blood samples, femora, and tibiae were collected. KEY FINDINGS Both NDD and HFDD groups developed aging as indicated by increased AGE level, increased inflammation and oxidative stress as shown by raised serum TNF-α and MDA levels, impaired bone remodeling as indicated by an increase in levels of CTX-1, TRACP-5b, and impaired bone structure/strength, when compared with those of the NDVS group. HFD aggravated these indicators of bone dyshomeostasis in D-galactose-treated rats. HBOT restored bone remodeling and bone structure/strength in the NDD group, however HBOT ameliorated bone dyshomeostasis in the HFDD group. SIGNIFICANCE HBOT is a potential intervention to decrease the risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture in aging with or without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napatsorn Imerb
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chanisa Thonusin
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wichwara Nawara
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Ratchaneevan Aeimlapa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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22
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Deacon-Crouch M, Skinner I, Tucci J, Begg S, Wallace R, Skinner T. Association between indigenous status and Body Mass Index (BMI) in Australian adults: Does sleep duration affect the relationship? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263233. [PMID: 35171935 PMCID: PMC8849483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight/obesity is a well-defined risk factor for a variety of chronic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Sleep duration has been associated with overweight/obesity and other cardio metabolic and neurocognitive problems. Notably, overweight/obesity and many of the associated comorbidities are prevalent in Indigenous Australians. Generally, sleep duration has been associated with BMI for Australian adults but information about Australian Indigenous adults’ sleep is scant. A recent report established that sleep is a weak predictor of obesity for Indigenous Australian adults. Aim To determine whether sleep remains a predictor of obesity when physical activity, diet and smoking status are accounted for; and to determine whether sleep duration plays a mediating role in the relationship between Indigenous status and BMI. Methods Statistical analyses of 5,886 Australian adults: 5236 non-Indigenous and 650 Indigenous people aged over 18 years who participated in the Australian Health Survey 2011–2013. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were described by χ2 and t-tests. ANOVA was used to determine the variables that significantly predicted BMI and sleep duration. Stepwise regression analyses were performed to determine the strongest significant predictors of BMI. Sleep duration was self-reported; BMI was calculated from measurement. Results The study revealed two main findings: (i) short sleep duration was an independent predictor of obesity (adjusted-R2 = 0.056, p <0.0001); and (ii) controlling for sleep duration and other possible confounders, Indigenous status was a significant predictor of BMI overweight/obesity. Sleep duration played a weak, partial mediator role in this relationship. Increased BMI was associated with lower socioeconomic status and level of disadvantage of household locality for non-remote Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. Conclusion Indigenous status strongly predicted increased BMI. The effect was not mediated by the socioeconomic indicators but was partially mediated by sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Deacon-Crouch
- Rural Department of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Isabelle Skinner
- Rural Department of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Tucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Begg
- Rural Department of Community Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth Wallace
- College of Indigenous Futures, Education & the Arts, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Timothy Skinner
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Sot J, García-Arribas AB, Abad B, Arranz S, Portune K, Andrade F, Martín-Nieto A, Velasco O, Arana E, Tueros I, Ferreri C, Gaztambide S, Goñi FM, Castaño L, Alonso A. Erythrocyte Membrane Nanomechanical Rigidity Is Decreased in Obese Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031920. [PMID: 35163842 PMCID: PMC8836476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work intends to describe the physical properties of red blood cell (RBC) membranes in obese adults. The hypothesis driving this research is that obesity, in addition to increasing the amount of body fat, will also modify the lipid composition of membranes in cells other than adipocytes. Forty-nine control volunteers (16 male, 33 female, BMI 21.8 ± 5.6 and 21.5 ± 4.2 kg/m2, respectively) and 52 obese subjects (16 male and 36 female, BMI 38.2± 11.0 and 40.7 ± 8.7 kg/m2, respectively) were examined. The two physical techniques applied were atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the force spectroscopy mode, which allows the micromechanical measurement of penetration forces, and fluorescence anisotropy of trimethylammonium diphenylhexatriene (TMA-DPH), which provides information on lipid order at the membrane polar–nonpolar interface. These techniques, in combination with lipidomic studies, revealed a decreased rigidity in the interfacial region of the RBC membranes of obese as compared to control patients, related to parallel changes in lipid composition. Lipidomic data show an increase in the cholesterol/phospholipid mole ratio and a decrease in sphingomyelin contents in obese membranes. ω-3 fatty acids (e.g., docosahexaenoic acid) appear to be less prevalent in obese patient RBCs, and this is the case for both the global fatty acid distribution and for the individual major lipids in the membrane phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS). Moreover, some ω-6 fatty acids (e.g., arachidonic acid) are increased in obese patient RBCs. The switch from ω-3 to ω-6 lipids in obese subjects could be a major factor explaining the higher interfacial fluidity in obese patient RBC membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Sot
- Instituto BIOFISIKA (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.S.); (A.B.G.-A.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Aritz B. García-Arribas
- Instituto BIOFISIKA (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.S.); (A.B.G.-A.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Beatriz Abad
- SGIKER, Servicios Generales de Investigación (SGiker), Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Sara Arranz
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (S.A.); (K.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Kevin Portune
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (S.A.); (K.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Fernando Andrade
- Biocruces Bizkaia, Hospital Universitario Cruces, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, UPV-EHU, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (F.A.); (A.M.-N.); (O.V.); (E.A.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Alicia Martín-Nieto
- Biocruces Bizkaia, Hospital Universitario Cruces, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, UPV-EHU, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (F.A.); (A.M.-N.); (O.V.); (E.A.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Olaia Velasco
- Biocruces Bizkaia, Hospital Universitario Cruces, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, UPV-EHU, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (F.A.); (A.M.-N.); (O.V.); (E.A.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Eunate Arana
- Biocruces Bizkaia, Hospital Universitario Cruces, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, UPV-EHU, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (F.A.); (A.M.-N.); (O.V.); (E.A.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Itziar Tueros
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (S.A.); (K.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Piero Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Sonia Gaztambide
- Biocruces Bizkaia, Hospital Universitario Cruces, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, UPV-EHU, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (F.A.); (A.M.-N.); (O.V.); (E.A.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Félix M. Goñi
- Instituto BIOFISIKA (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.S.); (A.B.G.-A.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Luis Castaño
- Biocruces Bizkaia, Hospital Universitario Cruces, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Endo-ERN, UPV-EHU, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; (F.A.); (A.M.-N.); (O.V.); (E.A.); (S.G.); (L.C.)
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto BIOFISIKA (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.S.); (A.B.G.-A.); (F.M.G.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Gupte M, Tousif S, Lemon JJ, Toro Cora A, Umbarkar P, Lal H. Isoform-Specific Role of GSK-3 in High Fat Diet Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030559. [PMID: 35159367 PMCID: PMC8834358 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated metabolic disorders are rising to pandemic proportions; hence, there is an urgent need to identify underlying molecular mechanisms. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) signaling is highly implicated in metabolic diseases. Furthermore, GSK-3 expression and activity are increased in Type 2 diabetes patients. However, the isoform-specific role of GSK-3 in obesity and glucose intolerance is unclear. Pharmacological GSK-3 inhibitors are not isoform-specific, and tissue-specific genetic models are of limited value to predict the clinical outcome of systemic inhibiion. To overcome these limitations, we created novel mouse models of ROSA26CreERT2-driven, tamoxifen-inducible conditional deletion of GSK-3 that allowed us to delete the gene globally in an isoform-specific and temporal manner. Isoform-specific GSK-3 KOs and littermate controls were subjected to a 16-week high-fat diet (HFD) protocol. On an HFD, GSK-3α KO mice had a significantly lower body weight and modest improvement in glucose tolerance compared to their littermate controls. In contrast, GSK-3β-deletion-mediated improved glucose tolerance was evident much earlier in the timeline and extended up to 12 weeks post-HFD. However, this protective effect weakened after chronic HFD (16 weeks) when GSK-3β KO mice had a significantly higher body weight compared to controls. Importantly, GSK-3β KO mice on a control diet maintained significant improvement in glucose tolerance even after 16 weeks. In summary, our novel mouse models allowed us to delineate the isoform-specific role of GSK-3 in obesity and glucose tolerance. From a translational perspective, our findings underscore the importance of maintaining a healthy weight in patients receiving lithium therapy, which is thought to work by GSK-3 inhibition mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Gupte
- Department of Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37044, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.T.); (A.T.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Jacob J. Lemon
- Department of Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37044, USA;
| | - Angelica Toro Cora
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.T.); (A.T.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.T.); (A.T.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.T.); (A.T.C.); (P.U.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (H.L.)
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Yates T, Summerfield A, Razieh C, Banerjee A, Chudasama Y, Davies MJ, Gillies C, Islam N, Lawson C, Mirkes E, Zaccardi F, Khunti K, Nafilyan V. A population-based cohort study of obesity, ethnicity and COVID-19 mortality in 12.6 million adults in England. Nat Commun 2022; 13:624. [PMID: 35110546 PMCID: PMC8810846 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and ethnicity are known risk factors for COVID-19 outcomes, but their combination has not been extensively examined. We investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and COVID-19 mortality across different ethnic groups using linked national Census, electronic health records and mortality data for adults in England from the start of pandemic (January 2020) to December 2020. There were 30,067 (0.27%), 1,208 (0.29%), 1,831 (0.29%), 845 (0.18%) COVID-19 deaths in white, Black, South Asian and other ethnic minority groups, respectively. Here we show that BMI was more strongly associated with COVID-19 mortality in ethnic minority groups, resulting in an ethnic risk of COVID-19 mortality that was dependant on BMI. The estimated risk of COVID-19 mortality at a BMI of 40 kg/m2 in white ethnicities was equivalent to the risk observed at a BMI of 30.1 kg/m2, 27.0 kg/m2, and 32.2 kg/m2 in Black, South Asian and other ethnic minority groups, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
| | | | - Cameron Razieh
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Amitava Banerjee
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Yogini Chudasama
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Clare Gillies
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration - East Midlands (ARC-EM), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Lawson
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Evgeny Mirkes
- Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration - East Midlands (ARC-EM), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Vahé Nafilyan
- Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK
- Faculty of Public Health, Environment and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Mank MM, Reed LF, Walton CJ, Barup MLT, Ather JL, Poynter ME. Therapeutic ketosis decreases methacholine hyperresponsiveness in mouse models of inherent obese asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L243-L257. [PMID: 34936508 PMCID: PMC8782644 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00309.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese asthmatics tend to have severe, poorly controlled disease and exhibit methacholine hyperresponsiveness manifesting in proximal airway narrowing and distal lung tissue collapsibility. Substantial weight loss in obese asthmatics or in mouse models of the condition decreases methacholine hyperresponsiveness. Ketone bodies are rapidly elevated during weight loss, coinciding with or preceding relief from asthma-related comorbidities. As ketone bodies may exert numerous potentially therapeutic effects, augmenting their systemic concentrations is being targeted for the treatment of several conditions. Circulating ketone body levels can be increased by feeding a ketogenic diet or by providing a ketone ester dietary supplement, which we hypothesized would exert protective effects in mouse models of inherent obese asthma. Weight loss induced by feeding a low-fat diet to mice previously fed a high-fat diet was preceded by increased urine and blood levels of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Feeding a ketogenic diet for 3 wk to high-fat diet-fed obese mice or genetically obese db/db mice increased BHB concentrations and decreased methacholine hyperresponsiveness without substantially decreasing body weight. Acute ketone ester administration decreased methacholine responsiveness of normal mice, and dietary ketone ester supplementation of high-fat diet-fed mice decreased methacholine hyperresponsiveness. Ketone ester supplementation also transiently induced an "antiobesogenic" gut microbiome with a decreased Fermicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Dietary interventions to increase systemic BHB concentrations could provide symptom relief for obese asthmatics without the need for the substantial weight loss required of patients to elicit benefits to their asthma through bariatric surgery or other diet or lifestyle alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine M Mank
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Leah F Reed
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Camille J Walton
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Madison L T Barup
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jennifer L Ather
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
- The Vermont Lung Center, Burlington, Vermont
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Goddard T, Tsintzas K, Stephan BCM, Prado CM, Mazidi M, Siervo M. Sarcopenic obesity is associated with telomere shortening: findings from the NHANES 1999-2002. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:437-440. [PMID: 34737398 PMCID: PMC8794780 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterised by the concurrent presence of sarcopenia and excess adiposity. Telomere shortening has been associated with sarcopenia and obesity alone but the association between SO and telomere length (TL) has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate SO and TL in an adult population. Data were from 5397 individuals (mean age = 44.7 years, 51.3% male) enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Body composition (BC) was assessed by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. Two models were used to assess SO: a BC model including four phenotypes derived from the combination of high or low adiposity and muscle mass; and, a truncal fat mass to appendicular skeletal mass ratio (TrFM/ASM). TL was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as base pairs. The mean TL, relative to the reference DNA, was calculated and expressed as the mean T/S ratio. A General Linear Model was applied to determine associations between TL for SO. In adjusted analysis, only individuals with SO, defined as the presence of high adiposity-low muscle mass (four-phenotype model), had significantly shorter telomeres (p = 0.05) than the reference group (i.e. low adiposity-high muscle mass), with a mean T/S ratio of 1.02 (95%CI: 0.98-1.05) compared to 1.05 (95%CI: 1.01-1.09), respectively. TrFM/ASM was not associated with TL. Preliminary findings suggest that sarcopenia and obesity may act synergistically to shorten telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Goddard
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kostas Tsintzas
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Blossom C M Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carla M Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
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Mamdouh H, Alnakhi WK, Hussain HY, Ibrahim GM, Hussein A, Mahmoud I, Alawadi F, Hassanein M, Abdullatif M, AlAbady K, Farooq S, Sulaiman N. Prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension and pre-hypertension among the adult population: findings from the Dubai Household Survey, 2019. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:18. [PMID: 35090385 PMCID: PMC8796637 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimal data is available on the prevalence and correlates of hypertension and prehypertension in Dubai. The study aims to measure the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension and the associated socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors and comorbidities among the adult population of Dubai. METHODS This study used data from the Dubai Household Health Survey, 2019. A cross-sectional population survey based on a complex stratified cluster random design. The total eligible sample included 2530 adults (18+). Sociodemographic and behavioral factors were considered as independent covariates. The main study outcome variables, pre-hypertension and hypertension, were ordinal, with normotension as the reference group. RESULTS The overall prevalence of hypertension in adults was 32.5% (38.37% in males and 16.66% in females). Prehypertension was prevalent in 29.8% of adults in Dubai (28.85% in males and 32.31% in females). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age groups, gender, occupation, and high Body Mass Index were significantly associated with a higher risk of hypertension at the level of P < 0.05. No clear trend toward a higher correlation of hypertension was noted with the increase in age, except after the age of 50 years. Males were five- times more likely to be hypertensive than females. Participants enrolled in skilled and service works had a five times higher risk of hypertension, compared with the reference group (professionals). Obese subjects had a 5.47-times greater correlation of hypertension compared with normal-weight subjects. Physically active individuals were less likely to develop hypertension. For the correlates with prehypertension in the present analysis, skilled and service workers and those working in elementary jobs had a higher risk of prehypertension, compared with the reference group (professionals) Individuals with a status of overweight were associated with a higher prevalence of prehypertension compared with people of normal weight. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a high prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among adults in Dubai. Some socio-demographic and behavioral risk factors were correlated with prehypertension and hypertension among the studied population. Interventions aiming at increasing public awareness about such risk factors are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Mamdouh
- Department of Data Analysis, Research and Studies, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE.
- Department of Family Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Wafa K Alnakhi
- Department of Data Analysis, Research and Studies, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Hamid Y Hussain
- Department of Data Analysis, Research and Studies, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | - Gamal M Ibrahim
- Department of Data Analysis, Research and Studies, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
- Department of Data Analysis, High Institute for Management Sciences, Belqas, Egypt
| | - Amal Hussein
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Ibrahim Mahmoud
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Fatheya Alawadi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | - Mohamed Hassanein
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | - Mona Abdullatif
- Public Health Protection Department, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | - Kadhim AlAbady
- Public Health Protection Department, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | - Sabya Farooq
- Public Health Protection Department, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | - Nabil Sulaiman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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29
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Mahmoud AM. An Overview of Epigenetics in Obesity: The Role of Lifestyle and Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031341. [PMID: 35163268 PMCID: PMC8836029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a global epidemic that has a negative impact on population health and the economy of nations. Genetic predispositions have been demonstrated to have a substantial role in the unbalanced energy metabolism seen in obesity. However, these genetic variations cannot entirely explain the massive growth in obesity over the last few decades. Accumulating evidence suggests that modern lifestyle characteristics such as the intake of energy-dense foods, adopting sedentary behavior, or exposure to environmental factors such as industrial endocrine disruptors all contribute to the rising obesity epidemic. Recent advances in the study of DNA and its alterations have considerably increased our understanding of the function of epigenetics in regulating energy metabolism and expenditure in obesity and metabolic diseases. These epigenetic modifications influence how DNA is transcribed without altering its sequence. They are dynamic, reflecting the interplay between the body and its surroundings. Notably, these epigenetic changes are reversible, making them appealing targets for therapeutic and corrective interventions. In this review, I discuss how these epigenetic modifications contribute to the disordered energy metabolism in obesity and to what degree lifestyle and weight reduction strategies and pharmacological drugs can restore energy balance by restoring normal epigenetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Mahmoud
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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30
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Bailetti D, Sentinelli F, Prudente S, Cimini FA, Barchetta I, Totaro M, Di Costanzo A, Barbonetti A, Leonetti F, Cavallo MG, Baroni MG. Deep Resequencing of 9 Candidate Genes Identifies a Role for ARAP1 and IGF2BP2 in Modulating Insulin Secretion Adjusted for Insulin Resistance in Obese Southern Europeans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031221. [PMID: 35163144 PMCID: PMC8835579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by impairment in insulin secretion, with an established genetic contribution. We aimed to evaluate common and low-frequency (1–5%) variants in nine genes strongly associated with insulin secretion by targeted sequencing in subjects selected from the extremes of insulin release measured by the disposition index. Collapsing data by gene and/or function, the association between disposition index and nonsense variants were significant, also after adjustment for confounding factors (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.11–0.59, p = 0.001). Evaluating variants individually, three novel variants in ARAP1, IGF2BP2 and GCK, out of eight reaching significance singularly, remained associated after adjustment. Constructing a genetic risk model combining the effects of the three variants, only carriers of the ARAP1 and IGF2BP2 variants were significantly associated with a reduced probability to be in the lower, worst, extreme of insulin secretion (OR = 0.223, 95% CI = 0.105–0.473, p < 0.001). Observing a high number of normal glucose tolerance between carriers, a regression posthoc analysis was performed. Carriers of genetic risk model variants had higher probability to be normoglycemic, also after adjustment (OR = 2.411, 95% CI = 1.136–5.116, p = 0.022). Thus, in our southern European cohort, nonsense variants in all nine candidate genes showed association with better insulin secretion adjusted for insulin resistance, and we established the role of ARAP1 and IGF2BP2 in modulating insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bailetti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences (MeSVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.S.); (M.T.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (M.G.B.); Tel.: +39-862-433327 (M.G.B.)
| | - Federica Sentinelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences (MeSVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.S.); (M.T.); (A.B.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.A.C.); (I.B.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- Research Unit of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Flavia Agata Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.A.C.); (I.B.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.A.C.); (I.B.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Maria Totaro
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences (MeSVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.S.); (M.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessia Di Costanzo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Arcangelo Barbonetti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences (MeSVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.S.); (M.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Frida Leonetti
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Maria Gisella Cavallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.A.C.); (I.B.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Marco Giorgio Baroni
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences (MeSVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (F.S.); (M.T.); (A.B.)
- Neuroendocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (M.G.B.); Tel.: +39-862-433327 (M.G.B.)
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been widely spread and affected millions of people and caused hundreds of deaths worldwide, especially in patients with comorbilities and COVID-19. This manuscript aims to present models to predict, firstly, the number of coronavirus cases and secondly, the hospital care demand and mortality based on COVID-19 patients who have been diagnosed with other diseases. For the first part, I present a projection of the spread of coronavirus in Mexico, which is based on a contact tracing model using Bayesian inference. I investigate the health profile of individuals diagnosed with coronavirus to predict their type of patient care (inpatient or outpatient) and survival. Specifically, I analyze the comorbidity associated with coronavirus using Machine Learning. I have implemented two classifiers: I use the first classifier to predict the type of care procedure that a person diagnosed with coronavirus presenting chronic diseases will obtain (i.e. outpatient or hospitalised), in this way I estimate the hospital care demand; I use the second classifier to predict the survival or mortality of the patient (i.e. survived or deceased). I present two techniques to deal with these kinds of unbalanced datasets related to outpatient/hospitalised and survived/deceased cases (which occur in general for these types of coronavirus datasets) to obtain a better performance for the classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kernel Prieto
- Instituto de Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
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32
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Jayedi A, Soltani S, Motlagh SZT, Emadi A, Shahinfar H, Moosavi H, Shab-Bidar S. Anthropometric and adiposity indicators and risk of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ 2022; 376:e067516. [PMID: 35042741 PMCID: PMC8764578 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a comprehensive review of the association between measures of body weight, waist, and fat, and different ratios of these measures, and the risk of type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to 1 May 2021. REVIEW METHODS Cohort studies looking at the association between general or central adiposity and body fat content and the risk of type 2 diabetes in the general adult population were included. Two of the authors extracted the data in duplicate. Random effects dose-response meta-analyses were performed to estimate the degree of the associations. Curvilinear associations were modelled with a one stage weighted mixed effects meta-analysis. RESULTS 216 cohort studies with 2.3 million individuals with type 2 diabetes among 26 million participants were identified. Relative risks were 1.72 (95% confidence interval 1.65 to 1.81; n=182 studies) for an increase in body mass index of 5 units, 1.61 (1.52 to 1.70; n=78) for a 10 cm larger waist circumference, 1.63 (1.50 to 1.78; n=34) for an increase in waist-to-hip ratio of 0.1 units, 1.73 (1.51 to 1.98; n=25) for an increase in waist-to-height ratio of 0.1 units, 1.42 (1.27 to 1.58; n=9) for an increase in visceral adiposity index of 1 unit, 2.05 (1.41 to 2.98; n=6) for a 10% higher percentage body fat, 1.09 (1.05 to 1.13, n=5) for an increase in body shape index of 0.005 units, 2.55 (1.59 to 4.10, n=4) for a 10% higher body adiposity index, and 1.11 (0.98 to 1.27; n=14) for a 10 cm larger hip circumference. A strong positive linear association was found between body mass index and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Positive linear or monotonic associations were also found in all regions and ethnicities, without marked deviation from linearity at a specific cut-off value. Indices of central fatness, independent of overall adiposity, also had positive linear or monotonic associations with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Positive linear or monotonic associations were also found for total and visceral fat mass, although the number of studies was small. CONCLUSIONS A higher body mass index was associated with a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes. A larger waist circumference, independent of overall adiposity, was strongly and linearly associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021255338.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jayedi
- Social Determinant of Health Research Centre, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Centre, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sheida Zeraat-Talab Motlagh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Emadi
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hosein Shahinfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Moosavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cibulková N, Daďová K, Mašková K, Busch A, Kobesová A, Vařeková J, Hašpicová M, Matoulek M. Bariatric surgery and exercise: A pilot study on postural stability in obese individuals. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262651. [PMID: 35030216 PMCID: PMC8759698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the changes in postural stability of individuals with obesity after bariatric surgery, and the effect of three months of regular exercise on the static postural stability. Twenty-two subjects (7 females and 15 males) aged 31 to 68 years (Body mass index 35-55 kg.m-2) completed the study. Participants were divided into two groups: one group participated in an exercise program after the bariatric surgery (n = 10; age 48.9 ± 7.5 years; Body mass index 42 ± 5.6 kg.m-2) while the second group did not exercise at all after bariatric surgery (n = 12; age 44.7 ± 13.6 years, Body mass index 42.6 ± 6.0 kg.m-2). Static postural stability was measured using a Tekscan MobileMat pressure plate before and 4 months after the bariatric surgery. The exercise program included exercising three times a week including: one hour of strengthening, one hour of aerobic group exercise and at least one session of individual exercise at home. There were no significant differences in Center of force sway, Center of force ranges and average speed before and 4 months after bariatric surgery. Also, no effect of exercise was found. Post-pre differences of some parameters were negatively related to age (r from-0.46 to-0.72). Further studies are needed to explore this topic in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natálie Cibulková
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Daďová
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Mašková
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew Busch
- Health and Human Kinetics, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Alena Kobesová
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vařeková
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Matoulek
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Vendramini THA, Gomes Olivindo RF, Zafalon RVA, Rentas MF, Zanini LD, Amaral AR, Pedrinelli V, de Oliveira VV, Risolia LW, Teixeira FA, Brunetto MA. Profile qualitative variables on the dynamics of weight loss programs in dogs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261946. [PMID: 35020762 PMCID: PMC8754318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in dogs and it is associated with many comorbidities. Some obesity risk factors have already been established, however, the evaluation of the effect of different individual variables on weight loss induced by calorie restriction, although very important, is still poorly explored. The weight loss protocol can be updated and improved by more precise and adjusted equations throughout the weight loss program in the clinical routine practice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze weight loss program dynamics in groups according to reproductive status, age, body size, and breed, as well as to define more accurately the amount of calories per target metabolic weight throughout the program. Data of 1,053 cases, presented between 2012 and 2019 at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 77 obese dogs (body condition scores 8/9 or 9/9) of different ages, breeds, sizes, and reproductive status were selected. These dogs did not have any concomitant illnesses and successfully completed the weight loss program. Statistical analysis was performed and values of p≤0.05 were considered significant. The proposed weight loss program was based on an energy restriction protocol where daily energy intake (in kcal) was estimated as 70 kcal × target weight0.75. The target weight (TW) was defined as 80% of the animal's current weight. The average calorie intake for weight loss (calories x target weight0.75) was lower for spayed females (62.36), differing from intact males (66.14) and neutered males (65.41), while intact females (63.66) showed intermediate values without differing between groups (p = 0.015). There were no differences between weight loss calories according to age (p = 0.473) or body size (p = 0.084), allowing the use of the same mathematical equation for intact and neutered dogs; for dogs older than 1 year and of different body sizes. Regarding the breed, the average calorie intake was lower (p = 0.002) in mixed breed dogs (61.54xTW0.75) when compared to obesity-prone purebred dogs (64.17xTW0.75) and other purebreds (65.27xTW0.75). It was concluded that spayed females and mixed breed dogs have greater difficulty in losing weight, that is, they need fewer calories per metabolic body weight for the weight loss program to succeed. A more accurate equation for energy requirement for weight loss can improve chances of success, therefore improving compliance and helping clinical management of obesity in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fernando Gomes Olivindo
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vessecchi Amorim Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Lucca Denuci Zanini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Vasques de Oliveira
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Wünsche Risolia
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Fabio Alves Teixeira
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Antonio Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Nutrition and Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Masinaei M, Rezaei N, Mohammadi Fateh S, Dilmaghani-Marand A, Abdolhamidi E, Razi F, Khashayar P, Mahdavihezaveh A, Mirab Samiee S, Larijani B, Farzadfar F. Association between being metabolically healthy/unhealthy and metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262246. [PMID: 34990491 PMCID: PMC8735615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) varies based on different criteria. We assessed the prevalence of MHO and metabolic unhealthiness based on body mass index (BMI) and their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a nation-wide study. Methods Data were taken from the STEPs 2016 study, from 18,459 Iranians aged ≥25 years. Demographic, metabolic, and anthropometric data were collected. Subjects were stratified by BMI, metabolic unhealthiness, and having MetS. The latter was defined based on National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III 2004 (NCEP ATP III), was then assessed. Results The prevalence of MHO and metabolic unhealthiness in obese subjects was 7.5% (about 3.6 million) and 18.3% (about 8.9 million), respectively. Most of the metabolic unhealthy individuals were female (53.5%) or urban residents (72.9%). Low physical activity was significantly and positively associated (Odds Ratio: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04–1.35) with metabolic unhealthiness, while being a rural residence (0.83, 0.74–0.93), and having higher education (0.47, 0.39–0.58) significantly but negatively affected it. Dyslipidemia was the most frequent MetS component with a prevalence rate of 46.6% (42.1–51.1), 62.2% (60.8–63.6), 76.3% (75.1–77.5), and 83.4% (82.1–84.6) among underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese phenotypes, respectively. Conclusion BMI aside, an additional set of criteria such as metabolic markers should be taken into account to identify normal weight but metabolically unhealthy individuals. Given the highest prevalence of dyslipidemia among obese subjects, further interventions are required to raise public awareness, promote healthy lifestyles and establish lipid clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Masinaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Mohammadi Fateh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Dilmaghani-Marand
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Abdolhamidi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Razi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Patricia Khashayar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec and Ghent, University Ghent Belgium, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Siamak Mirab Samiee
- Reference Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Soffer S, Zimlichman E, Glicksberg BS, Efros O, Levin MA, Freeman R, Reich DL, Klang E. Obesity as a mortality risk factor in the medical ward: a case control study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:13. [PMID: 34991575 PMCID: PMC8733434 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research regarding the association between severe obesity and in-hospital mortality is inconsistent. We evaluated the impact of body mass index (BMI) levels on mortality in the medical wards. The analysis was performed separately before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We retrospectively retrieved data of adult patients admitted to the medical wards at the Mount Sinai Health System in New York City. The study was conducted between January 1, 2011, to March 23, 2021. Patients were divided into two sub-cohorts: pre-COVID-19 and during-COVID-19. Patients were then clustered into groups based on BMI ranges. A multivariate logistic regression analysis compared the mortality rate among the BMI groups, before and during the pandemic. RESULTS Overall, 179,288 patients were admitted to the medical wards and had a recorded BMI measurement. 149,098 were admitted before the COVID-19 pandemic and 30,190 during the pandemic. Pre-pandemic, multivariate analysis showed a "J curve" between BMI and mortality. Severe obesity (BMI > 40) had an aOR of 0.8 (95% CI:0.7-1.0, p = 0.018) compared to the normal BMI group. In contrast, during the pandemic, the analysis showed a "U curve" between BMI and mortality. Severe obesity had an aOR of 1.7 (95% CI:1.3-2.4, p < 0.001) compared to the normal BMI group. CONCLUSIONS Medical ward patients with severe obesity have a lower risk for mortality compared to patients with normal BMI. However, this does not apply during COVID-19, where obesity was a leading risk factor for mortality in the medical wards. It is important for the internal medicine physician to understand the intricacies of the association between obesity and medical ward mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Soffer
- Internal Medicine B, Assuta Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel.
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
| | - Eyal Zimlichman
- Hospital Management, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sheba Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Benjamin S Glicksberg
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Orly Efros
- Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Thrombosis & Hemostasis Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Matthew A Levin
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Robert Freeman
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - David L Reich
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Eyal Klang
- Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sheba Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Bilski J, Pierzchalski P, Szczepanik M, Bonior J, Zoladz JA. Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010160. [PMID: 35011721 PMCID: PMC8750433 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity, quality, and decreased functional performance. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition that combines sarcopenia and obesity and has a substantial influence on the older adults’ health. Because of the complicated pathophysiology, there are disagreements and challenges in identifying and diagnosing SO. Recently, it has become clear that dysbiosis may play a role in the onset and progression of sarcopenia and SO. Skeletal muscle secretes myokines during contraction, which play an important role in controlling muscle growth, function, and metabolic balance. Myokine dysfunction can cause and aggravate obesity, sarcopenia, and SO. The only ways to prevent and slow the progression of sarcopenia, particularly sarcopenic obesity, are physical activity and correct nutritional support. While exercise cannot completely prevent sarcopenia and age-related loss in muscular function, it can certainly delay development and slow down the rate of sarcopenia. The purpose of this review was to discuss potential pathways to muscle deterioration in obese individuals. We also want to present the current understanding of the role of various factors, including microbiota and myokines, in the process of sarcopenia and SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bilski
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-421-93-51
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Department of Medical Biology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Jerzy A. Zoladz
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
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Han HS, Chung KS, Shin YK, Yu JS, Kang SH, Lee SH, Lee KT. Effect of Standardized Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. Leaves Extract on Body Weight and Body Fat Reduction in Overweight or Obese Humans: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010208. [PMID: 35011083 PMCID: PMC8747274 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem that is caused by body fat accumulation and that can lead to metabolic diseases. Owing to several side effects of the currently used antiobesity drugs, natural plants have risen as safe and potential candidates to alleviate obesity. We have previously reported the antiobesity effect of Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. leaves extract (WHS) and its underlying mechanisms. As an extension of our preclinical studies, this study aimed to investigate the effect of WHS on body weight and body fat reduction in overweight or obese humans. A total of 93 healthy overweight or obese males and females, aged 19–65 years, with body mass indexes (BMIs) ≥ 25 and <32 kg/m2, were recruited and received either an oral administration of 600 mg of WHS, or placebo tablets for 12 weeks. Daily supplementation with WHS decreased body weights, body fat masses, and BMIs compared with the placebo-treated group. The hip circumferences, visceral fat areas, abdominal fat areas, and visceral-to-subcutaneous ratios decreased after WHS supplementation. No significant side effects were observed during or after the 12 weeks of WHS intake. In conclusion, WHS, which has beneficial effects on body weight and body fat reduction, could be a promising antiobesity supplement that does not produce any side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Soo Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.H.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.H.); (K.-S.C.)
| | - Yu-Kyong Shin
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Korea; (Y.-K.S.); (J.-S.Y.)
| | - Jae-Sik Yu
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Korea; (Y.-K.S.); (J.-S.Y.)
| | - Seung-Hyun Kang
- Clinical Research Center of H PLUS Yangji Hospital, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08779, Korea;
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Korea; (Y.-K.S.); (J.-S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (K.-T.L.); Tel.: +82-31-8018-0390 (S.-H.L.); +82-2-961-0860 (K.-T.L.)
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.-S.H.); (K.-S.C.)
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.L.); (K.-T.L.); Tel.: +82-31-8018-0390 (S.-H.L.); +82-2-961-0860 (K.-T.L.)
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de Lartigue G, Raybould H, Dockray G. Introduction to special issue on feeding peptides. Peptides 2022; 147:170687. [PMID: 34774722 PMCID: PMC10831925 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume de Lartigue
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Helen Raybould
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - Graham Dockray
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Liverpool, UK
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Parcha V, Heindl B, Kalra R, Li P, Gower B, Arora G, Arora P. Insulin Resistance and Cardiometabolic Risk Profile Among Nondiabetic American Young Adults: Insights From NHANES. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e25-e37. [PMID: 34473288 PMCID: PMC8684535 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of insulin resistance (IR) among young American adults has not been previously assessed. We evaluated (1) the prevalence and trends of IR and cardiometabolic risk factors and (2) the association between measures of adiposity and IR among adults 18 to 44 years of age without diabetes and preexisting cardiovascular disease. METHODS Cross-sectional survey data from six consecutive National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2008 to 2017-2018) cycles were analyzed. IR was defined by the homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) of ≥2.5. The temporal trends of IR, cardiometabolic risk factors, and the relationship between IR and measures of adiposity were assessed using multivariable-adjusted regression models. RESULTS Among 6247 young adults 18 to 44 years of age, the prevalence of IR was 44.8% (95% CI: 42.0%-47.6%) in 2007-2010 and 40.3% (95% CI: 36.4%-44.2%) in 2015-2018 (P for trend = 0.07). There was a modest association of HOMA-IR with higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, total lean fat mass, and total and localized fat mass (all Ps < 0.001). Participants with IR had a higher prevalence of hypertension [31.3% (95% CI: 29.2%-33.5%) vs 14.7% (95% CI: 13.2%-16.2%)], hypercholesterolemia [16.0% (95% CI: 12.4%-19.5%) vs 7.0% (95% CI: 5.8%-8.5%)], obesity [56.6% (95% CI: 53.9%-59.3%) vs 14.7% (95% CI: 13.0%-16.5%)], and poor physical activity levels [18.3% (95% CI: 16.4%-20.2%) vs 11.7% (95%CI: 10.3-13.1%)] compared to participants without IR (all Ps < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Four-in-10 young American adults have IR, which occurs in a cluster with cardiometabolic risk factors. Nearly half of young adults with IR are nonobese. Screening efforts for IR irrespective of BMI may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhu Parcha
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brittain Heindl
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rajat Kalra
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peng Li
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Barbara Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Garima Arora
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pankaj Arora
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Yamada S, Ogura Y, Inoue K, Tanabe J, Sugaya T, Ohata K, Nagai Y, Natsuki Y, Hoshino S, Watanabe S, Ichikawa D, Kimura K, Shibagaki Y, Kamijo-Ikemori A. Effect of GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, on muscle in spontaneously diabetic torii fatty rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 539:111472. [PMID: 34606964 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, on skeletal muscles in rats with type 2 diabetes. Male SDT fatty rats (8-week-old) were provided liraglutide, or insulin-hydralazine for 8 weeks; control SDT fatty rats and SD rats were administered a vehicle. At 16 weeks of age, muscle strength of limbs was significantly lower in all SDT fatty rats compared to SD rats. While cross-sectional areas of type IIb muscle fibers in extensor digitorum longus muscle were significantly lower in SDT fatty rats than in SD rats, those of type I muscle fibers in soleus were similar in all rats. In the soleus of SDT fatty rats, liraglutide led to greater citrate synthase activity and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5 B protein expression, independently of blood glucose and blood pressure levels. Liraglutide may contribute to preservation of mitochondrial content on soleus muscle in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yamada
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogura
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuho Inoue
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun Tanabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ohata
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nagai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Natsuki
- Institute for Ultrastructural Morphology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Seiko Hoshino
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiika Watanabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yugo Shibagaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kamijo-Ikemori
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Institute for Animal Experimentation, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Huang D, Zhang Z, Dong Z, Liu R, Huang J, Xu G. Caloric restriction and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass promote white adipose tissue browning in mice. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:139-148. [PMID: 34232475 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Caloric restriction (CR) and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) are considered effective means of body weight control, but the mechanism by which CR and RYGB protect against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity remains elusive. The browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a potential approach to combat obesity. Here we assess whether browning of WAT is involved in CR- and RYGB-treatment. METHODS The average size of adipocytes was determined by histological analysis. Expression of thermogenic genes in both human subjects and mice were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The average size of adipocytes was bigger, while the expression of thermogenic genes such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), nuclear factor erythroid-2 like 1 (NRF1) and PPARγ coactivator-1 α (PGC1α) were lower in the WAT of obese subjects when compared to lean controls. Both CR and RYGB promoted weight and fat loss. Increment of the average adipocytes size and down-regulation of thermogenic genes were significantly reversed by both CR and RYGB in the WAT of obese mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that CR and RYGB significantly improved high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation by promoting the browning of WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Z Dong
- Department of Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - R Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - J Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - G Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Rader DJ, Maratos-Flier E, Nguyen A, Hom D, Ferriere M, Li Y, Kompa J, Martic M, Hinder M, Basson CT, Yowe D, Diener J, Goldfine AB. LLF580, an FGF21 Analog, Reduces Triglycerides and Hepatic Fat in Obese Adults With Modest Hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e57-e70. [PMID: 34431493 PMCID: PMC8914500 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and potential efficacy of LLF580, a genetically engineered variant of human fibroblast growth factor-21, for triglyceride lowering, weight loss, and hepatic fat reduction. METHODS A multicenter, double-blind, parallel design trial in obese, mildly hypertriglyceridemic adults randomized (1:1) to LLF580 300 mg or placebo subcutaneously every 4 weeks for 3 doses. RESULTS Of 64 randomized study participants, 61 (mean ± SD: age 45 ± 11 years, 49% male, 80/15/5% Caucasian/African American/other, body mass index 36.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2) received LLF580 (n = 30) or placebo (n = 31) at 7 research sites in the United States. LLF580 lowered serum triglycerides by 54% (least square mean placebo adjusted change from baseline), total cholesterol 7%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 12%, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 36% compared with placebo (all P < 0.001) over 12 weeks. Substantial reduction of liver fat of 52% over placebo (P < 0.001) was also demonstrated in the setting of improved liver function tests including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase, the composite enhanced liver fibrosis score, and N-terminal type III collagen propeptide (all P < 0.05). Insulin and C-peptide levels and insulin resistance by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were all lower, and adiponectin higher with LLF580 treatment compared with placebo, whereas fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin were unchanged. Reductions in biomarkers of bone formation without differences in markers of bone resorption were observed. LLF580 was generally safe and well tolerated, except for higher incidence of generally mild to moderate gastrointestinal adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS In obese, mildly hypertriglyceridemic adults, LLF580 was generally safe and demonstrated beneficial effects on serum lipids, liver fat, and biomarkers of liver injury, suggesting it may be effective for treatment of select metabolic disorders including hypertriglyceridemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Assessments of longer term safety and efficacy are warranted. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03466203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rader
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Amanda Nguyen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - Doug Hom
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ferriere
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yifang Li
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jill Kompa
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Markus Hinder
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - Craig T Basson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Yowe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Diener
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA and Basel, Switzerland
| | - Allison B Goldfine
- Correspondence: Allison B. Goldfine, MD, Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research, 220 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Abstract
The development of pulmonary atelectasis is common in the surgical patient. Pulmonary atelectasis can cause various degrees of gas exchange and respiratory mechanics impairment during and after surgery. In its most serious presentations, lung collapse could contribute to postoperative respiratory insufficiency, pneumonia, and worse overall clinical outcomes. A specific risk assessment is critical to allow clinicians to optimally choose the anesthetic technique, prepare appropriate monitoring, adapt the perioperative plan, and ensure the patient's safety. Bedside diagnosis and management have benefited from recent imaging advancements such as lung ultrasound and electrical impedance tomography, and monitoring such as esophageal manometry. Therapeutic management includes a broad range of interventions aimed at promoting lung recruitment. During general anesthesia, these strategies have consistently demonstrated their effectiveness in improving intraoperative oxygenation and respiratory compliance. Yet these same intraoperative strategies may fail to affect additional postoperative pulmonary outcomes. Specific attention to the postoperative period may be key for such outcome impact of lung expansion. Interventions such as noninvasive positive pressure ventilatory support may be beneficial in specific patients at high risk for pulmonary atelectasis (e.g., obese) or those with clinical presentations consistent with lung collapse (e.g., postoperative hypoxemia after abdominal and cardiothoracic surgeries). Preoperative interventions may open new opportunities to minimize perioperative lung collapse and prevent pulmonary complications. Knowledge of pathophysiologic mechanisms of atelectasis and their consequences in the healthy and diseased lung should provide the basis for current practice and help to stratify and match the intensity of selected interventions to clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lagier
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Congli Zeng
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Marcos F. Vidal Melo
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Klaver M, van Velzen D, de Blok C, Nota N, Wiepjes C, Defreyne J, Schreiner T, Fisher A, Twisk J, Seidell J, T’Sjoen G, den Heijer M, de Mutsert R. Change in Visceral Fat and Total Body Fat and the Effect on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors During Transgender Hormone Therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e153-e164. [PMID: 34415999 PMCID: PMC8684493 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excess visceral fat increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and is influenced by sex hormones. Our aim was to investigate changes in visceral fat and the ratio of visceral fat to total body fat (VAT/TBF) and their associations with changes in lipids and insulin resistance after 1 year of hormone therapy in trans persons. METHODS In 179 trans women and 162 trans men, changes in total body and visceral fat estimated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after 1 year of hormone therapy were related to lipids and insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] with linear regression analysis. RESULTS In trans women, total body fat increased by 4.0 kg (95% CI 3.4, 4.7), while the amount of visceral fat did not change (-2 grams; 95% CI -15, 11), albeit with a large range from -318 to 281, resulting in a decrease in the VAT/TBF ratio of 17% (95% CI 15, 19). In trans men, total body fat decreased with 2.8 kg (95% CI 2.2, 3.5), while the amount of visceral fat did not change (3 g; 95% CI -10, 16; range -372, 311), increasing the VAT/TBF ratio by 14% (95% CI 10, 17). In both groups, VAT/TBF was not associated with changes in blood lipids or HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Hormone therapy in trans women and trans men resulted in changes in VAT/TBF, mainly due to changes in total body fat and were unrelated to changes in cardiometabolic risk factors, which suggests that any unfavorable cardiometabolic effects of hormone therapy are not mediated by changes in visceral fat or VAT/TBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Klaver
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daan van Velzen
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christel de Blok
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke Nota
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Wiepjes
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Justine Defreyne
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Schreiner
- Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alessandra Fisher
- Andrology, Women’s Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jos Twisk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Seidell
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guy T’Sjoen
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Correspondence: Martin den Heijer, MD, PhD, Amsterdam University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1107, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Wang YF, Wang S, Xu HY, Liu LJ. Commentary: Intestinal barrier function and immune homeostasis are missing links in obesity and type 2 diabetes development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:939703. [PMID: 36034429 PMCID: PMC9399428 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.939703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-feng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong-yang Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-yang Xu, ; Li-jun Liu,
| | - Li-jun Liu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-yang Xu, ; Li-jun Liu,
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Almeida DL, Moreira VM, Cardoso LE, Junior MDF, Pavanelo A, Ribeiro TA, da Silva Franco CC, Tófolo LP, Peres MNC, Ribeiro MVG, Ferreira ARO, Gomes RM, Miranda RA, Trevenzoli IH, Armitage JA, Palma-Rigo K, de Freitas Mathias PC. Lean in one way, in obesity another: effects of moderate exercise in brown adipose tissue of early overfed male Wistar rats. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:137-143. [PMID: 34552207 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early postnatal overfeeding (PO) induces long-term overweight and reduces brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Exercise has been suggested as a possible intervention to increase BAT function. In this study, we investigated chronical effects of moderate-intensity exercise in BAT function in postnatal overfed male Wistar rats METHODS: Litters' delivery was on postnatal-day 0 - PN0. At PN2, litters were adjusted to nine (normal litter - NL) or three pups (small litter - SL) per dam. Animals were weaned on PN21 and in PN30 randomly divided into sedentary (NL-Sed and SL-Sed) or exercised (NL-Exe and SL-Exe), N of 14 litters per group. Exercise protocol started (PN30) with an effort test; training sessions were performed three times weekly at 60% of the VO2max achieved in effort test, until PN80. On PN81, a temperature transponder was implanted beneath the interscapular BAT, whose temperature was assessed in periods of lights-on and -off from PN87 to PN90. Sympathetic nerve activation of BAT was registered at PN90. Animals were euthanized at PN91 and tissues collected RESULTS: PO impaired BAT thermogenesis in lights-on (pPO < 0.0001) and -off (pPO < 0.01). Exercise increased BAT temperature in lights-on (pExe < 0.0001). In NL-Exe, increased BAT activity was associated with higher sympathetic activity (pExe < 0.05), β3-AR (pExe < 0.001), and UCP1 (pExe < 0.001) content. In SL-Exe, increasing BAT thermogenesis is driven by a combination of tissue morphology remodeling (pExe < 0.0001) with greater effect in increasing UCP1 (pExe < 0.001) and increased β3-AR (pExe < 0.001) content. CONCLUSION Moderate exercise chronically increased BAT thermogenesis in both, NL and SL groups. In NL-Exe by increasing Sympathetic activity, and in SL-Exe by a combination of increased β3-AR and UCP1 content with morphologic remodeling of BAT. Chronically increasing BAT thermogenesis in obese subjects may lead to higher overall energy expenditure, favoring the reduction of obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Lopes Almeida
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil.
- Department of Physiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Veridiana Mota Moreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, State University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lucas Eduardo Cardoso
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | | | - Audrei Pavanelo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Claudinéia Conationi da Silva Franco
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Laize Perón Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Natália Chimirri Peres
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Maiara Vanusa Guedes Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Anna Rebeka Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of Goiás, Av Esperança, Goiânia/GO, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 550 Av, Pedro Calmon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isis Hara Trevenzoli
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 550 Av, Pedro Calmon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - James Andrew Armitage
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Optometry, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Av, Colombo, Maringá/PR, Brazil
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Muñoz M, López-Oliva E, Pinilla E, Rodríguez C, Martínez MP, Contreras C, Gómez A, Benedito S, Sáenz-Medina J, Rivera L, Prieto D. Differential contribution of renal cytochrome P450 enzymes to kidney endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress in obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 195:114850. [PMID: 34822809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA)-derived cytochrome P450 (CYP) derivatives, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-hidroxyeicosatetranoic acid (20-HETE), play a key role in kidney tubular and vascular functions and blood pressure. Altered metabolism of CYP epoxygenases and CYP hydroxylases has differentially been involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease-associated vascular complications, although the mechanisms responsible for the vascular injury are unclear. The present study aimed to assess whether obesity-induced changes in CYP enzymes may contribute to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in kidney preglomerular arteries. Endothelial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were assessed in interlobar arteries of obese Zucker rats (OZR) and their lean counterparts lean Zucker rats (LZR) and the effects of CYP2C and CYP4A inhibitors sulfaphenazole and HET0016, respectively, were examined on the endothelium-dependent relaxations and O2- and H2O2 levels of preglomerular arteries. Non-nitric oxide (NO) non-prostanoid endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH)-type responses were preserved but resistant to the CYP epoxygenase blocker sulfaphenazole in OZR in contrast to those in LZR. Sulfaphenazole did not further inhibit reduced arterial H2O2 levels, and CYP2C11/CYP2C23 enzymes were downregulated in intrarenal arteries from OZR. Renal EDH-mediated relaxations were preserved in obese rats by the enhanced activity and expression of endothelial calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa). CYP4A blockade restored impaired NO-mediated dilatation and inhibited augmented O2- production in kidney arteries from OZR. The current data demonstrate that both decreased endothelial CYP2C11/ CYP2C23-derived vasodilator H2O2 and augmented CYP4A-derived 20-HETE contribute to endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress in obesity. CYP4A inhibitors ameliorate arterial oxidative stress and restore endothelial function which suggests its therapeutic potential for the vascular complications of obesity-associated kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira López-Oliva
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estéfano Pinilla
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Martínez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Benedito
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sáenz-Medina
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rivera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Prieto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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Agbaje AO, Barker AR, Tuomainen TP. Effects of Arterial Stiffness and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression on the Risk of Overweight/Obesity and Elevated Blood Pressure/Hypertension: a Cross-Lagged Cohort Study. Hypertension 2022; 79:159-169. [PMID: 34784721 PMCID: PMC8654123 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined the temporal longitudinal associations of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) with the risk of overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure (BP)/hypertension. We studied 3862 adolescents aged 17.7 years from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, followed-up for 7 years. cfPWV and cIMT were measured by ultrasound. Total and trunk fat mass and lean mass were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Body mass index and BP were measured. Data were analyzed using logistic regression, linear mixed-effect, and cross-lagged structural equation models, with covariate adjustments. Among 1719 male and 2143 female participants, higher cfPWV at 17.7 years was associated with the risk of elevated systolic BP/hypertension (odds ratio, 1.20 [1.02-1.41]; P=0.026), elevated diastolic BP/hypertension (1.77 [1.32-2.38]; P<0.0001), body mass index-overweight/obesity (1.19 [1.01-1.41]; P=0.041), and trunk fat mass overweight/obesity (1.24 [1.03-1.49]; P=0.023) at 24.5 years. Higher cIMT at 17.7 years had no associations with obesity and elevated BP at follow-up. cfPWV progression was directly associated with 7-year increase in systolic BP (effect estimate 16 mm Hg [9-24]; P<0.0001) and diastolic BP (28 mm Hg [23-34]; P<0.0001). cIMT progression was directly associated with the 7-year increase of all adiposity measures and diastolic BP. In the temporal analysis, baseline cfPWV was directly associated with follow-up systolic and diastolic BP, however, baseline BP was unassociated with follow-up cfPWV. cfPWV but not cIMT was bidirectionally associated with adiposity. Obesity and hypertension prevention from adolescence may require developing novel approaches to mitigate arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O. Agbaje
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (A.O.A., T.-P.T.)
| | - Alan R. Barker
- Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom (A.R.B.)
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (A.O.A., T.-P.T.)
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50
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Torres-Jacome J, Ortiz-Fuentes BS, Bernabe-Sanchez D, Lopez-Silva B, Velasco M, Ita-Amador ML, Albarado-Ibañez A. Ventricular Dysfunction in Obese and Nonobese Rats with Metabolic Syndrome. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:9321445. [PMID: 35242881 PMCID: PMC8888058 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9321445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and dyslipidemias are both signs of metabolic syndrome, usually associated with ventricular arrhythmias. Here, we tried to identify cardiac electrical alteration and biomarkers in nonobese rats with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and these findings might lead to more lethal arrhythmias than obese animals. The MetS model was developed in Wistar rats with high-sucrose diet (20%), and after twenty-eight weeks were obtained two subgroups: obese (OMetS) and nonobese (NOMetS). The electrocardiogram was used to measure the ventricular arrhythmias and changes in the heart rate variability. Also, we measured ventricular hypertrophy and its relationship with electrical activity alterations of both ventricles, using micro-electrode and voltage clamp techniques. Also, we observed alterations in the contraction force of ventricles where a transducer was used to record mechanical and electrical papillary muscle, simultaneously. Despite both subgroups presenting long QT syndrome (0.66 ± 0.05 and 0.66 ± 0.07 ms with respect to the control 0.55 ± 0.1 ms), the changes in the heart rate variability were present only in OMetS, while the NOMetS subgroup presented changes in QT interval variability (NOMetS SD = 1.8, SD2 = 2.8; SD1/SD2 = 0.75). Also, the NOMetS revealed tachycardia (10%; p < 0.05) with changes in action potential duration (63% in the right papillary and 50% in the left papillary) in the ventricular papillary which are correlated with certain alterations in the potassium currents and the force of contraction. The OMetS showed an increase in action potential duration and the force of contraction in both ventricles, which are explained as bradycardia. Our results revealed lethal arrhythmias in both MetS subgroups, irrespectively of the presence of obesity. Consequently, the NOMetS showed mechanical-electrical alterations regarding ventricle hypertrophy that should be at the NOMetS, leading to an increase of CV mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Torres-Jacome
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Brian Sabino Ortiz-Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Daniela Bernabe-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Benjamin Lopez-Silva
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Neuroscience Division, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Martha Lucia Ita-Amador
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Complejo Nororiental, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alondra Albarado-Ibañez
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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