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El-Sherif SM, Abdel-Hamid MM, Noureldin JMAM, Fahmy HM, Abdel-Naby HMA. Effectiveness of lyophilized growth factors injection for subacromial impingement syndrome: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:78. [PMID: 36721157 PMCID: PMC9887845 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-derived lyophilized growth factors (L-GFs) use a standardized number of allogenic pathogen-free platelets instead of autologous platelets used in PRP as a source of growth factors. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of L-GF injection versus placebo in subacromial impingement (SIS) treatment. METHODS The current randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study included sixty patients (40 females and 20 males, aged between 24 and 75 years) diagnosed with SIS (both clinically and sonographically). Patients were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Under ultrasound guidance, group 1 received subacromial saline injection, and group 2 received L-GF injection. Clinical examination, pain visual analogue scale (VAS), shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) and shoulder ultrasound were performed before and at the 8th week after injection. RESULTS Follow-up assessment showed statistically significant improvement in the L-GF group regarding active flexion, active and passive internal rotation and extension, SPADI-disability scale, VAS and thickness of the supraspinatus tendon by US. Regression analysis showed that group 1 was approximately 30 times more likely than the L-GF group to experience painful arc at follow-up. Both groups showed statistically significant improvement in SPADI-pain scale and SPADI-total, flexion and abduction (still the mean value of abduction was significantly higher in the L-GF group). CONCLUSIONS L-GF injection resulted in clinically significant reductions in pain and functional disability outcomes in patients with SIS. An objective significant reduction in the thickness of the supraspinatus tendon, measured by ultrasound, in the L-GF group hopefully encourages proper healing and functioning in SIS. TRIAL REGISTRATION The identification number is NCT04330027, date of first registration (01/04/2020). Unique on 21/11/2019, Protocol ID: 0106178.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherine Mahmoud El-Sherif
- Present Address: Department Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Medaan El-Khartoom Square, Al-Azaritah, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mowaffak Moustafa Abdel-Hamid
- Present Address: Department Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Medaan El-Khartoom Square, Al-Azaritah, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jailan Mohamed Ashraf Mohamed Noureldin
- Present Address: Department Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Medaan El-Khartoom Square, Al-Azaritah, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Hoda Mohamed Aly Abdel-Naby
- Present Address: Department Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Medaan El-Khartoom Square, Al-Azaritah, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Del Vento F, Poels J, Vermeulen M, Ucakar B, Giudice MG, Kanbar M, des Rieux A, Wyns C. Accelerated and Improved Vascular Maturity after Transplantation of Testicular Tissue in Hydrogels Supplemented with VEGF- and PDGF-Loaded Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5779. [PMID: 34071329 PMCID: PMC8198558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Avascular transplantation of frozen-thawed testicular tissue fragments represents a potential future technique for fertility restoration in boys with cancer. A significant loss of spermatogonia was observed in xeno-transplants of human tissue most likely due to the hypoxic period before revascularization. To reduce the effect of hypoxia-reoxygenation injuries, several options have already been explored, like encapsulation in alginate hydrogel and supplementation with nanoparticles delivering a necrosis inhibitor (NECINH) or VEGF. While these approaches improved short-term (5 days) vascular surfaces in grafts, neovessels were not maintained up to 21 days; i.e., the time needed for achieving vessel stabilization. To better support tissue grafts, nanoparticles loaded with VEGF, PDGF and NECINH were developed. Testicular tissue fragments from 4-5-week-old mice were encapsulated in calcium-alginate hydrogels, either non-supplemented (control) or supplemented with drug-loaded nanoparticles (VEGF-nanoparticles; VEGF-nanoparticles + PDGF-nanoparticles; NECINH-nanoparticles; VEGF-nanoparticles + NECINH-nanoparticles; and VEGF-nanoparticles + PDGF-nanoparticles + NECINH-nanoparticles) before auto-transplantation. Grafts were recovered after 5 or 21 days for analyses of tissue integrity (hematoxylin-eosin staining), spermatogonial survival (immuno-histo-chemistry for promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger) and vascularization (immuno-histo-chemistry for α-smooth muscle actin and CD-31). Our results showed that a combination of VEGF and PDGF nanoparticles increased vascular maturity and induced a faster maturation of vascular structures in grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Del Vento
- Gynecology-Andrology Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical School, Catholic University of Louvain, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.D.V.); (J.P.); (M.V.); (M.G.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Jonathan Poels
- Gynecology-Andrology Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical School, Catholic University of Louvain, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.D.V.); (J.P.); (M.V.); (M.G.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Maxime Vermeulen
- Gynecology-Andrology Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical School, Catholic University of Louvain, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.D.V.); (J.P.); (M.V.); (M.G.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (B.U.); (A.d.R.)
| | - Maria Grazia Giudice
- Gynecology-Andrology Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical School, Catholic University of Louvain, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.D.V.); (J.P.); (M.V.); (M.G.G.); (M.K.)
- Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Saint-Luc University Hospital, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc Kanbar
- Gynecology-Andrology Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical School, Catholic University of Louvain, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.D.V.); (J.P.); (M.V.); (M.G.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials Unit, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (B.U.); (A.d.R.)
| | - Christine Wyns
- Gynecology-Andrology Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical School, Catholic University of Louvain, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (F.D.V.); (J.P.); (M.V.); (M.G.G.); (M.K.)
- Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Saint-Luc University Hospital, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Smith DR, Margul DJ, Dumont CM, Carlson MA, Munsell MK, Johnson M, Cummings BJ, Anderson AJ, Shea LD. Combinatorial lentiviral gene delivery of pro-oligodendrogenic factors for improving myelination of regenerating axons after spinal cord injury. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:155-167. [PMID: 30229864 PMCID: PMC6289889 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in paralysis below the injury and strategies are being developed that support axonal regrowth, yet recovery lags, in part, because many axons are not remyelinated. Herein, we investigated strategies to increase myelination of regenerating axons by overexpression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA and noggin either alone or in combination in a mouse SCI model. Noggin and PDGF-AA have been identified as factors that enhance recruitment and differentiation of endogenous progenitors to promote myelination. Lentivirus encoding for these factors was delivered from a multichannel bridge, which we have previously shown creates a permissive environment and supports robust axonal growth through channels. The combination of noggin+PDGF enhanced total myelination of regenerating axons relative to either factor alone, and importantly, enhanced functional recovery relative to the control condition. The increase in myelination was consistent with an increase in oligodendrocyte-derived myelin, which was also associated with a greater density of cells of an oligodendroglial lineage relative to each factor individually and control conditions. These results suggest enhanced myelination of regenerating axons by noggin+PDGF that act on oligodendrocyte-lineage cells post-SCI, which ultimately led to improved functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique R. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J. Margul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Courtney M. Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mitchell A. Carlson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary K. Munsell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mitchell Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brian J. Cummings
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aileen J. Anderson
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lonnie D. Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Choi SW, Pangeni R, Park JW. Nanoemulsion-Based Hydrogel for Topical Delivery of Highly Skin-Permeable Growth Factor Combinations: Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2017; 17:2363-2369. [PMID: 29641166 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2017.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Topical administration of growth factors has been suggested as a promising strategy for promoting the healing process and skin regeneration in wound management. However, several restrictions hinder their successful clinical use; specifically, limited percutaneous absorption causes inconsistent efficacy, and various growth factors with specific functionalities are required at different stages of healing. To overcome these shortcomings, previously we have constructed highly skin-permeable analogues of epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) (LMWP-EGF, LMWP-IGF-I and LMWP-PDGF-A) by genetically conjugating the low-molecular-weight protamine (LMWP) to their N-terminus. In the present study, we determined the optimal concentration ratio of these growth factors by investigating In Vitro cell proliferation and the scratch wound repairing assay. After confirming synergetic effects of growth factors in combinations, we developed a topical delivery system consisting of a nanoemulsion (NE)-dispersed polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogel loaded with all three growth factors. In Vitro permeability studies were also performed to assess whether the LMWP-conjugated growth factors in the formulation enhanced their skin permeation compared to native growth factors. Combinations of native or LMWP-fused growth factors significantly promoted fibroblast proliferation and scratch wound recovery, and the synergy of LMWP-EGF, LMWP-IGF-I and LMWP-PDGF-A was optimal at a ratio of 100:100:10 by concentration. The growth factor combination-loaded NE appeared to be spherical under cryo-transmission electron microscopy and the average droplet diameter was 127±4.30 nm. The LMWP-conjugated growth factors allowed significantly higher skin permeation than native growth factors from the NE-dispersed hydrogel. Thus, the LMWP-conjugated growth factor combination-loaded NE-dispersed hydrogel is expected to induce more rapid and prolonged wound healing.
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5
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Gallini R, Huusko J, Ylä-Herttuala S, Betsholtz C, Andrae J. Isoform-Specific Modulation of Inflammation Induced by Adenoviral Mediated Delivery of Platelet-Derived Growth Factors in the Adult Mouse Heart. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160930. [PMID: 27513343 PMCID: PMC4981378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are key regulators of mesenchymal cells in vertebrate development. To what extent PDGFs also exert beneficial homeostatic or reparative roles in adult organs, as opposed to adverse fibrogenic responses in pathology, are unclear. PDGF signaling plays critical roles during heart development, during which forced overexpression of PDGFs induces detrimental cardiac fibrosis; other studies have implicated PDGF signaling in post-infarct myocardial repair. Different PDGFs may exert different effects mediated through the two PDGF receptors (PDGFRα and PDGFRβ) in different cell types. Here, we assessed responses induced by five known PDGF isoforms in the adult mouse heart in the context of adenovirus vector-mediated inflammation. Our results show that different PDGFs have different, in some cases even opposing, effects. Strikingly, whereas the major PDGFRα agonists (PDGF-A and -C) decreased the amount of scar tissue and increased the numbers of PDGFRα-positive fibroblasts, PDGFRβ agonists either induced large scars with extensive inflammation (PDGF-B) or dampened the adenovirus-induced inflammation and produced a small and dense scar (PDGF-D). These results provide evidence for PDGF isoform-specific inflammation-modulating functions that may have therapeutic implications. They also illustrate a surprising complexity in the PDGF-mediated pathophysiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radiosa Gallini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenni Huusko
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, AI Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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6
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Xu Y, Liu J, He M, Liu R, Belegu V, Dai P, Liu W, Wang W, Xia QJ, Shang FF, Luo CZ, Zhou X, Liu S, McDonald J, Liu J, Zuo YX, Liu F, Wang TH. Mechanisms of PDGF siRNA-mediated inhibition of bone cancer pain in the spinal cord. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27512. [PMID: 27282805 PMCID: PMC4901320 DOI: 10.1038/srep27512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with tumors that metastasize to bone frequently suffer from debilitating pain, and effective therapies for treating bone cancer are lacking. This study employed a novel strategy in which herpes simplex virus (HSV) carrying a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was used to alleviate bone cancer pain. HSV carrying PDGF siRNA was established and intrathecally injected into the cavum subarachnoidale of animals suffering from bone cancer pain and animals in the negative group. Sensory function was assessed by measuring thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. The mechanism by which PDGF regulates pain was also investigated by comparing the differential expression of pPDGFRα/β and phosphorylated ERK and AKT. Thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia developed in the rats with bone cancer pain, and these effects were accompanied by bone destruction in the tibia. Intrathecal injection of PDGF siRNA and morphine reversed thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in rats with bone cancer pain. In addition, we observed attenuated astrocyte hypertrophy, down-regulated pPDGFRα/β levels, reduced levels of the neurochemical SP, a reduction in CGRP fibers and changes in pERK/ERK and pAKT/AKT ratios. These results demonstrate that PDGF siRNA can effectively treat pain induced by bone cancer by blocking the AKT-ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology and Translation Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, PR China
| | - Mu He
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ran Liu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology and Translation Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Visar Belegu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ping Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology and Translation Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology and Translation Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qing-Jie Xia
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology and Translation Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Fei-Fei Shang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology and Translation Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Chao-Zhi Luo
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology and Translation Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - JohnW. McDonald
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology and Translation Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yun-Xia Zuo
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology and Translation Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology and Translation Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology and Translation Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, PR China
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7
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Cofer ZC, Cui S, EauClaire SF, Kim C, Tobias JW, Hakonarson H, Loomes KM, Matthews RP. Methylation Microarray Studies Highlight PDGFA Expression as a Factor in Biliary Atresia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151521. [PMID: 27010479 PMCID: PMC4806872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive fibro-inflammatory disorder that is the leading indication for liver transplantation in children. Although there is evidence implicating genetic, infectious, environmental, and inflammatory causes, the etiology of BA remains unknown. We have recently reported that cholangiocytes from BA patients showed decreased DNA methylation relative to disease- and non-disease controls, supporting a potential role for DNA hypomethylation in BA etiopathogenesis. In the current study, we examined the methylation status of specific genes in human BA livers using methylation microarray technology. We found global DNA hypomethylation in BA samples as compared to disease- and non-disease controls at specific genetic loci. Hedgehog pathway members, SHH and GLI2, known to be upregulated in BA, were both hypomethylated, validating this approach as an investigative tool. Another region near the PDGFA locus was the most significantly hypomethylated in BA, suggesting potential aberrant expression. Validation assays confirmed increased transcriptional and protein expression of PDGFA in BA livers. We also show that PDGF-A protein is specifically localized to cholangiocytes in human liver samples. Injection of PDGF-AA protein dimer into zebrafish larvae caused biliary developmental and functional defects. In addition, activation of the Hedgehog pathway caused increased expression of PDGF-A in zebrafish larvae, providing a previously unrecognized link between PDGF and the Hedgehog pathway. Our findings implicate DNA hypomethylation as a specific factor in mediating overexpression of genes associated with BA and identify PDGF as a new candidate in BA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenobia C. Cofer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shuang Cui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Steven F. EauClaire
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Kim
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John W. Tobias
- Penn Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Loomes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Randolph P. Matthews
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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8
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Giachino C, Boulay JL, Ivanek R, Alvarado A, Tostado C, Lugert S, Tchorz J, Coban M, Mariani L, Bettler B, Lathia J, Frank S, Pfister S, Kool M, Taylor V. A Tumor Suppressor Function for Notch Signaling in Forebrain Tumor Subtypes. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:730-742. [PMID: 26669487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the brain, Notch signaling maintains normal neural stem cells, but also brain cancer stem cells, indicating an oncogenic role. Here, we identify an unexpected tumor suppressor function for Notch in forebrain tumor subtypes. Genetic inactivation of RBP-Jκ, a key Notch mediator, or Notch1 and Notch2 receptors accelerates PDGF-driven glioma growth in mice. Conversely, genetic activation of the Notch pathway reduces glioma growth and increases survival. In humans, high Notch activity strongly correlates with distinct glioma subtypes, increased patient survival, and lower tumor grade. Additionally, simultaneous inactivation of RBP-Jκ and p53 induces primitive neuroectodermal-like tumors in mice. Hence, Notch signaling cooperates with p53 to restrict cell proliferation and tumor growth in mouse models of human brain tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/mortality
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Databases, Genetic
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Glioma/genetics
- Glioma/metabolism
- Glioma/mortality
- Glioma/pathology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein/genetics
- Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Infusions, Intraventricular
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neural Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neural Stem Cells/pathology
- Phenotype
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/administration & dosage
- Prosencephalon/metabolism
- Prosencephalon/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch2/genetics
- Receptor, Notch2/metabolism
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Tumor Burden
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Giachino
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Louis Boulay
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alvaro Alvarado
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC 10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Cristobal Tostado
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Lugert
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Tchorz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Kingelbergstrasse 50-70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mustafa Coban
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Mariani
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Kingelbergstrasse 50-70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Justin Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NC 10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verdon Taylor
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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Martino MM, Briquez PS, Maruyama K, Hubbell JA. Extracellular matrix-inspired growth factor delivery systems for bone regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 94:41-52. [PMID: 25895621 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors are very promising molecules to enhance bone regeneration. However, their translation to clinical use has been seriously limited, facing issues related to safety and cost-effectiveness. These problems derive from the vastly supra-physiological doses of growth factor used without optimized delivery systems. Therefore, these issues have motivated the development of new delivery systems allowing better control of the spatiotemporal release and signaling of growth factors. Because the extracellular matrix (ECM) naturally plays a fundamental role in coordinating growth factor activity in vivo, a number of novel delivery systems have been inspired by the growth factor regulatory function of the ECM. After introducing the role of growth factors during the bone regeneration process, this review exposes different issues that growth factor-based therapies have encountered in the clinic and highlights recent delivery approaches based on the natural interaction between growth factor and the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaël M Martino
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Priscilla S Briquez
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.
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Macule-Beneyto F, Segur-Vilalta J, Vilchez-Cavazos F, Esteban-Navarro P, Vidal-Sicart S, Acosta-Olivo C. [Bone defects in revision knee arthroplasty: filling with bone allograft plus platelet-derived growth factors]. CIR CIR 2014; 82:395-401. [PMID: 25167350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most challenging aspects of a revision knee arthroplasty is the management of bone loss. The OBJECTIVE of the study is to show the capability to augment bone mineral density in areas with bone loss with platelet-derived growth factors. METHODS Randomized, prospective, blinded study in patients who underwent a total knee replacement revision with tibial-damaged metaphyseal bone were randomly allocated to have a revision total knee arthroplasty and to fill the bone defects with lyophilized bone allograft mixed with platelet growth factors (experimental group, n= 9) or with lyophilized bone allograft alone (control group, n= 7). To evaluate bone mineral density between groups, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed preoperatively, at 1 month, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS The study was comprised of a total of 16 patients. We found no significant differences observed during the follow-up between groups in mineral bone density. CONCLUSIONS Use of platelet-derived growth factors does not improve bone mineral density in patients with revision knee arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josep Segur-Vilalta
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica, Unidad de Rodilla, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felix Vilchez-Cavazos
- Servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatolgía, Hospital Universitario Dr José E González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Neuvo León, Mexico
| | | | | | - Carlos Acosta-Olivo
- Servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatolgía, Hospital Universitario Dr José E González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Neuvo León, Mexico.
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Perotti C, Del Fante C, Alvisi C, Cervio M, Scudeller L. A cure for post-radiation proctitis? Blood Transfus 2014; 12 Suppl 1:s243-s244. [PMID: 23736909 PMCID: PMC3934213 DOI: 10.2450/2013.0272-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Perotti
- Immuno-haematology and Transfusion Service and Centre for Transplant Immunology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Fante
- Immuno-haematology and Transfusion Service and Centre for Transplant Immunology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Costanza Alvisi
- Endoscopic unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marila Cervio
- Immuno-haematology and Transfusion Service and Centre for Transplant Immunology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luigia Scudeller
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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12
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Peng F, Yao H, Akturk HK, Buch S. Platelet-derived growth factor CC-mediated neuroprotection against HIV Tat involves TRPC-mediated inactivation of GSK 3beta. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47572. [PMID: 23077641 PMCID: PMC3471979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor-CC (PDGF-CC) is the third member of the PDGF family, and has been implicated both in embryogenesis and development of the CNS. The biological function of this isoform however, remains largely unexplored in the context of HIV-associated dementia (HAD). In the present study, we demonstrate that exposure of human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y to HIV transactivator protein Tat resulted in decreased intrinsic expression of PDGF-CC as evidenced by RT-PCR and western blot assays. Reciprocally, pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with PDGF-CC abrogated Tat-mediated neurotoxicity by mitigating apoptosis and neurite & MAP-2 loss. Using pharmacological and loss of function approaches we identified the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling in PDGF-CC-mediated neuroprotection. We report herein a novel role about the involvement of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel 1 in modulation of calcium transients in PDGF-CC-mediated neuroprotection. Furthermore we also demonstrated PDGF-CC-mediated inactivation of the downstream mediator - glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) evidenced by its phosphorylation at Ser-9. This was further validated by gain and loss of function studies using cells transfected with either the wild type or mutant GSK3β constructs. Intriguingly, pretreatment of cells with either the PI3K inhibitor or TRPC blocker resulted in failure of PDGF-CC to inactivate GSK3β, thereby suggesting the intersection of PI3K and TRPC signaling at GSK3β. Taken together our findings lead to the suggestion that PDGF-CC could be developed as a therapeutic target to reverse Tat-mediated neurotoxicity with implications for HAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwang Peng
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Halis Kaan Akturk
- Department of Medicine, Creighton Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Hemsworth-Peterson TC. The mechanism behind the novel fibrosis recently described in NASH in HEPATOLOGY 2011 and elsewhere. Hepatology 2012; 56:1585. [PMID: 22505349 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Delgado JJ, Sánchez E, Baro M, Reyes R, Evora C, Delgado A. A platelet derived growth factor delivery system for bone regeneration. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2012; 23:1903-1912. [PMID: 22576317 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) was formulated in a calcium phosphate/biodegradable polymer system for local and controlled delivery to enhance bone regeneration. Implants with a porosity of 67 %, composed of hydroxyapatite, PLGA microspheres and Pluronic(®), were obtained by compression. An increase in porosity with time was expected due to Pluronic(®) dissolution and PLGA microsphere degradation. In vivo PDGF release and tissue distribution were monitored after system implantation into femurs of rabbits using (125)I-PDGF. Most of the PDGF was released within approximately 5 days and remained located around the implantation site with negligible systemic exposure. Compared with the reference groups, an important enhancement of bone regeneration was found with doses of 600 and 1,200 ng of PDGF, although no histological differences were observed between the two doses. In conclusion, the elaborated system exhibited good biocompatibility and offered a physiologically relevant PDGF profile that enhances bone formation compared to the non-treated bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Delgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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15
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Abstract
Recent studies of the hippocampus have suggested that a network of genes is associated with the regulation of the GAD₆₇ (GAD1) expression and may play a role in γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) dysfunction in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). To obtain a more detailed understanding of how GAD₆₇ regulation may result in GABAergic dysfunction, we have developed an in vitro model in which GABA cells are differentiated from the hippocampal precursor cell line, HiB5. Growth factors, such as PDGF, and BDNF, regulate the GABA phenotype by inducing the expression of GAD₆₇ and stimulating the growth of cellular processes, many with growth cones that form appositions with the cell bodies and processes of other GAD₆₇-positive cells. These changes are associated with increased expression of acetylated tubulin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and the post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95). The addition of BDNF, together with PDGF, increases the levels of mRNA and protein for GAD₆₇, as well as the high affinity GABA uptake protein, GAT1. These changes are associated with increased concentrations of GABA in the cytoplasm of "differentiated" HiB5 neurons. In the presence of Ca²⁺ and K⁺, newly synthesized GABA is released extracellularly. When the HiB5 cells appear to be fully differentiated, they also express GAD₆₅, parvalbumin and calbindin, and GluR subtypes as well as HDAC1, DAXX, PAX5, Runx2, associated with GAD₆₇ regulation. Overall, these results suggest that the HiB5 cells can differentiate into functionally mature GABA neurons in the presence of gene products that are associated with GAD₆₇ regulation in the adult hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Subburaju
- Program in Structural and Molecular Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francine M. Benes
- Program in Structural and Molecular Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kona S, Specht D, Rahimi M, Shah BP, Gilbertson TA, Nguyen KT. Targeted biodegradable nanoparticles for drug delivery to smooth muscle cells. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:236-244. [PMID: 22523971 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.5131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to prevent smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation is important in averting restenosis (a narrowing of blood vessels). Since platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors are over-expressed in proliferating SMCs after injury from cardiovascular interventions, such as angioplasty and stent implantation, our hypothesis is that conjugation of PDGF-BB (platelet-derived growth factor BB (homodimer)) peptides to biodegradable poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) would exhibit an increased uptake of these NPs by proliferating SMCs. In this study, poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles containing dexamethasone were formulated and conjugated with PDGF-BB peptides. These NPs were stable, biocompatible, and exhibited a sustained drug release over 14 days. Various particle uptake studies using HASMCs (human aortic smooth muscle cells) demonstrated that PDGF-BB peptide-conjugated nanoparticles significantly increased cellular uptake and decreased proliferation of HASMCs compared to control nanoparticles (without conjugation of PDGF-BB peptides). These NPs were internalized primarily by clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Our in vitro results suggest that PDGF-BB peptide-conjugated NPs could represent as an effective targeted, sustained therapeutic delivery system to reduce restenosis and neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soujanya Kona
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Ferrari F, Rossi S, Del Fante C, Perotti C, Gallanti A, Caramella C. An in situ gelling buccal spray containing platelet lysate for the treatment of oral mucositis. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2011; 8:277-285. [PMID: 21644923 DOI: 10.2174/157016311796799017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucositis is an inflammatory disease of the mucosa lining oral cavity which leads to atrophy of the epithelium and to its ulceration to form chronic lesions. Many studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have disclosed the effectiveness of growth factors derived from platelets to enhance cell proliferation, differentiation, chemotaxis, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix synthesis involved in the healing of tissues. Despite potential usefulness of growth factors, animal-derived or genetically engineered ones are currently scarcely available for regenerative therapies. The aim of the present work was to study an in situ gelling formulation to be delivered by a spraying device to the oral cavity affected by mucositis. A vehicle based on Poloxamer 407 (F127) and sodium alginate (LVG) was developed. An extemporaneous loading of the vehicle with PL was achieved. The formulation was able to quickly thermogelify at 34-35°C with a viscosity at 8°C suitable for spraying; moreover it was characterized by good mucoadhesive properties. ELISA assay evidenced that at time zero the growth factor PDGF AB was compatible with the vehicle. The in vitro wound healing test showed that the formulation enhanced cell growth as PL alone even after 72 h of contact without cell apoptosis. The overall results indicate that PL loaded in the in situ gelling F127 and LVG vehicle can be profitably employed to treat buccal mucositis.
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18
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Wang-Saegusa A, Cugat R, Ares O, Seijas R, Cuscó X, Garcia-Balletbó M. Infiltration of plasma rich in growth factors for osteoarthritis of the knee short-term effects on function and quality of life. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2011; 131:311-7. [PMID: 20714903 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-010-1167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent, chronic, degenerative condition that generates a high expense. Alternative and co-adjuvant therapies to improve the quality of life and physical function of affected patients are currently being sought. METHODS A total of 808 patients with knee pathology were treated with PRGF (plasma rich in growth factors), 312 of them with OA of the knee (Outerbridge grades I-IV) and symptoms of >3 months duration met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated to obtain a sample of 261 patients, 109 women and 152 men, with an average age of 48.39. Three intra-articular injections of autologous PRGF were administered at 2-week intervals in outpatient surgery. The process of obtaining PRGF was carried out following the Anitua Technique. Participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire with personal data and the following assessment instruments: VAS, SF-36, WOMAC Index and Lequesne Index before the first infiltration of PRGF and 6 months after the last infiltration. RESULTS Statistically significant differences (P < 0.0001) between pre-treatment and follow-up values were found for pain, stiffness and functional capacity in the WOMAC Index; pain and total score, distance and daily life activities in the Lequesne Index; the VAS pain score; and the SF-36 physical health domain. There were no adverse effects related to PRGF infiltration. CONCLUSION At 6 months following intra-articular infiltration of PRGF in patients with OA of the knee, improvements in function and quality of life were documented by OA-specific and general clinical assessment instruments. These favourable findings point to consider PRGF as a therapy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Wang-Saegusa
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Fundación García Cugat, Hospital Quirón Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Suwalski A, Dabboue H, Delalande A, Bensamoun SF, Canon F, Midoux P, Saillant G, Klatzmann D, Salvetat JP, Pichon C. Accelerated Achilles tendon healing by PDGF gene delivery with mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2010; 31:5237-45. [PMID: 20334910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the ability of amino- and carboxyl-modified MCM-41 mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) to deliver gene in vivo in rat Achilles tendons, despite their inefficiency to transfect primary tenocytes in culture. We show that luciferase activity lasted for at least 2 weeks in tendons injected with these MSN and a plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding the luciferase reporter gene. By contrast, in tendons injected with naked plasmid, the luciferase expression decreased as a function of time and became hardly detectable after 2 weeks. Interestingly, there were neither signs of inflammation nor necrosis in tendon, kidney, heart and liver of rat weekly injected with pDNA/MSN formulation during 1.5 months. Our main data concern the acceleration of Achilles tendons healing by PDGF-B gene transfer using MSN. Biomechanical properties and histological analyses clearly indicate that tendons treated with MSN and PDGF gene healed significantly faster than untreated tendons and those treated with pPDGF alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Suwalski
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Université d'Orléans and Inserm, rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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Dello Russo NM. Letter to the editor: re: "Influence of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor on lateral ridge augmentation using biphasic calcium phosphate and guided bone regeneration: a histomorphometric study in dogs". J Periodontol 2010; 81:1; author reply 1-2. [PMID: 20059409 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Nin JRV, Gasque GM, Azcárate AV, Beola JDA, Gonzalez MH. Has platelet-rich plasma any role in anterior cruciate ligament allograft healing? Arthroscopy 2009; 25:1206-13. [PMID: 19896041 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and inflammatory parameters with the addition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft. METHODS We prospectively randomized 100 patients undergoing arthroscopic patellar tendon allograft ACL reconstruction to a group in whom platelet-enriched gel was used (n = 50) and a non-gel group (n = 50). The platelet concentration was 837 x 10(3)/mm(3), and the gel was introduced inside the graft and the tibial tunnel. Demographic data were comparable between groups. The mean follow-up was 24 months for both groups and included a history, clinical evaluation with the International Knee Documentation Committee score, radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS There were no differences in the number of associated injuries. The results did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups for inflammatory parameters (perimeters of the knee and C-reactive protein level), magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the graft, and clinical evaluation scores (visual analog scale, International Knee Documentation Committee, and KT-1000 arthrometer [MEDmetric, San Diego, CA]). CONCLUSIONS At this time, the therapeutic role of PDGF in ACL reconstruction remains unclear. The use of PDGF, on the graft and inside the tibial tunnel, in patients treated with bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts has no discernable clinical or biomechanical effect at 2 years' follow-up. More clinical studies will be needed to show the efficacy and use of these factors in daily practice in ACL reconstruction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, prospective, randomized, double-blind study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramón Valentí Nin
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clínica Universitaria of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Hu J, Li ZW, Yang XJ, Yang YJ, Ma L. [Effects of IFN alpha on the expressions of Collagen I and transforming growth factor beta 1 in hepatic stellate cell activated by PDGF-BB]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2009; 17:657-660. [PMID: 19785951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of IFN alpha on the expressions of Collagen I and TGF beta 1 in hepatic stellate cell activated by PDGF-BB. METHODS Hepatic stellate cells (rHSC-99) treated with IFN alpha of different concentration (0, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, 0.200, 0.400 ng/ml). The cell viability of HSC was measured by MTT. The levels of Col-I mRNA and TGF beta 1 mRNA were measured by the quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS (1) When HSC was exposed in PDGF-BB, the cell viability of HSC (1.35 +/- 0.22) was higher than that of the control group (0.890 +/- 0.12) (F = 16.311, P less than 0.05), indicating that PDGF-BB can promote the cell viability of HSC. When HSC was exposed to both PDGF-BB and different concentration of IFN alpha (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 ng/ml), the cell viability of HSC (0.840 +/- 0.18, 0.450 +/- 0.15, 0.260 +/- 0.01, 0.330 +/- 0.07, 0.30 +/- 0.06) were lower than that of the control group (0.890 +/- 0.12) (F = 7.430, P less than 0.05), indicating that the cell viability of HSC was inhibited when HSC was exposed to both PDGF-BB and different concentrations of IFN alpha. Furthermore, within the range of 0.025 ng/ml to 0.1 ng/ml, the effect of IFN alpha was dose-dependent. (2). The relative expression values of Col-I mRNA in different groups of (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 ng/ml) IFN alpha +PDGF-BB are (0.940 +/- 0.19, 0.610 +/- 0.12, 0.520 +/- 0.02), which were lower than those in the control group (1.410 +/- 0.01) (F = 127.921, P less than 0.05). The relative expression values of TGF beta 1 mRNA in different groups of (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 ng/ml) IFN alpha +PDGF-BB are (1.180 +/- 0.06, 1.150 +/- 0.10, 1.390 +/- 0.04), again were lower than those in the control group (1.620 +/- 0.12) (F = 82.115, P less than 0.05). These results indicated that the expression of Col-I mRNA and TGF beta 1 mRNA was remarkably inhibited when HSC was exposed in both PDGF-BB and IFN alpha. CONCLUSION The cell viability of HSC and the expression of Col-I mRNA and TGF beta 1 mRNA is remarkably inhibited when HSC is exposed in both PDGF-BB and IFN alpha, and the inhibition is dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110003, China
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LIANG HW, LIN Y, LI YJ, CHEN X, ZHOU HR, TAN Q. [Effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB on proliferation of tendon cells cultured in vitro]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2009; 25:298-300. [PMID: 19951550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in different concentrations on proliferation of tendon cells cultured in vitro. METHODS Rat tendon cells were cultured and identified in vitro. The rat tendon cells were cultured in PDGF-BB nutrient solution in different concentrations. They were then divided into 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 ng/mL PDGF-BB groups (cultured with 0.1 mL 0.5% PBS with addition of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 ng/mL PDGF-BB respectively). Tendon cells in control group were cultured with 0.1 mL 0.5% FBS. Proliferation of tendon cells was detected by MTT test. The absorbance values of tendon cells in control group and 20 ng/mL PDGF-BB group before culture and after cultured for 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 hs were determined. RESULTS The isolated cells were identified to be rat tendon cells as they were Type I collagen staining positive and TypeIII collagen staining negative. Compared with that of control group, the absorbance values of other groups were all increased, except for that of 250 ng/mL PDGF-BB group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Besides, the absorbance value rose gradually with the increase of the concentration of PDGF-BB on, and then diminished gradually with the increase of the concentration of PDGF-BB from 20 ng/mL on. Tendon cells in 20 ng/ml PDGF-BB group began to increase in number when cultured for 12 hs, and it reached the highest level (0.53 +/- 0.04) at 48 h, which were obviously higher than those of control group at 24 - 72 h (P < 0.01). The absorbance value of tendon cells in 20 ng/mL PDGF-BB group was significantly higher than that of control group at 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 h after culture (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS PDGF-BB can promote the proliferation of tendon cells in a definite range of concentration and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-wei LIANG
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Ishizawa K, Dorjsuren N, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Sugimoto R, Ikeda Y, Kihira Y, Kawazoe K, Tomita S, Tsuchiya K, Minakuchi K, Tamaki T. Inhibitory effects of adiponectin on platelet-derived growth factor-induced mesangial cell migration. J Endocrinol 2009; 202:309-16. [PMID: 19460854 DOI: 10.1677/joe-08-0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, has been involved in metabolic syndrome, a known risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent studies have demonstrated that plasma adiponectin levels are elevated when kidney function declines in patients with CKD. Excessive mesangial cell (MC) turnover is one of the important features of CKD. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the effects of adiponectin on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced cell migration and intracellular signaling pathways, in cultured rat MCs (RMCs). PDGF-induced RMC migration was significantly inhibited by the pretreatment of adiponectin. Adiponectin alone had no effect on RMC migration. Big mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase 1 (BMK1), p38 MAP kinase, and Akt were activated by PDGF stimulation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in RMC. Adiponectin alone did not affect BMK1, p38 MAP kinase, and Akt phosphorylations in RMC. PDGF-induced BMK1 and p38 MAP kinase phosphorylations were significantly attenuated by the pretreatment of adiponectin in RMCs. On the other hand, the phosphorylation of Akt by PDGF was not diminished by the pretreatment of adiponectin. Adiponectin had no effects on PDGF-receptor autophosphorylation by PDGF. We also confirmed that PDGF-induced RMC migration was significantly suppressed by siBMK1 transfection or SB203580, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor. From these findings, it is implied that the elevated plasma adiponectin levels in patients with CKD might play a compensatory role aimed at counteracting renal dysfunction related to MC disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ishizawa
- Departments of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacy Medical Pharmacology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, The Institute of Health Bioscience, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, Japan.
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Cardaropoli D. Vertical ridge augmentation with the use of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB and bovine bone mineral: a case report. INT J PERIODONT REST 2009; 29:289-295. [PMID: 19537468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present paper reports on a patient who underwent vertical ridge augmentation using recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) in combination with a scaffold made of deproteinized bovine bone block. Forty-five days after the extraction of a mandibular central incisor, an NT (tapered profile) Osseotite implant was inserted into the extraction socket. A 9-mm vertical bone defect was present and treated with the use of a xenograft block infused with rhPDGF-BB. The soft tissues showed perfect healing after 2 weeks. After 6 months, reentry surgery was performed. At this time the clinical evaluation showed complete bone regeneration, with the presence of hard bonelike tissue all around the implant. Radiographic evaluation showed integration of the bovine xenograft with the residual basal bone, together with optimal bone-to-implant contact and a reorganization of the lamina dura on the interproximal sites of the adjacent teeth. The implant was then successfully restored with a metal-ceramic crown. This human report supports the use of rhPDGF-BB in combination with a bovine bone block for accomplishing challenging vertical ridge augmentation.
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Stoll HP, Carlson K, Keefer LK, Hrabie JA, March KL. Pharmacokinetics and consistency of pericardial delivery directed to coronary arteries: direct comparison with endoluminal delivery. Clin Cardiol 2009; 22:I10-6. [PMID: 9929762 PMCID: PMC6655649 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960221306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Pharmacologic modulation of the contents of the pericardial space has been shown to influence the response of coronary arteries to balloon injury. Endoluminal (EL) local delivery of various drugs into coronaries has been found to be limited by short residence time, as well as by highly variable deposited agent concentration. We hypothesized that compounds placed into the pericardial space (P) would penetrate into coronary tissue with greater consistency than seen after EL delivery and provide for prolonged coronary exposure to agents. METHODS AND RESULTS 125I-labeled basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), albumin, or 131I-labeled diazeniumdiolated albumin (NONO-albumin) were delivered as model/therapeutic proteins into the porcine pericardial space (n = 15 pigs) or into coronaries using an EL delivery catheter (n = 48 arteries). In subjects receiving 125I-labeled proteins, the delivery target or mid-regions of the left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCx) arteries were harvested at 1 h or 24 h for gamma-counting and autoradiography, and fractional intramural delivery (FID) or retention measured as percent agent in 100 mg artery/agent in infusate for both time points. In the animals receiving 131I-labeled NONO-albumin, serial gamma imaging was employed to evaluate the rate of redistribution in individual animals following either pericardial or endoluminal delivery. At 1 h, FID values ranged from 0.00064 to 0.0052% for P delivery (median 0.0022%), and from 0.00021 to 6.7 for EL delivery (median 0.27%). At 24 h, FID values ranged from 0.00011 to 0.003 for P delivery (median 0.0013), and from 0.0002 to 1.4 for EL delivery. The estimated T1/2 for bFGF redistribution from the vascular tissue was 22 h (P) and 7 h (EL), respectively, while the directly determined T1/2 values for NONO-albumin redistribution from the delivery region were 22.2 h (P) and 2.5 h (EL). CONCLUSIONS These data show that pericardial fluid contents can access coronary arteries with intramural concentrations which typically vary by 10-15-fold, while EL delivery results in a remarkably wide intramural concentration range with up to 33,000-fold variability. The apparent redistribution rate is more rapid following EL delivery, possibly due to sustained diffusive tissue loading from the pericardial space. Pericardial delivery appears to offer substantial advantages over EL administration with respect to residence time and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Stoll
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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McGuire MK, Scheyer T, Nevins M, Schupbach P. Evaluation of human recession defects treated with coronally advanced flaps and either purified recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB with beta tricalcium phosphate or connective tissue: a histologic and microcomputed tomographic examination. INT J PERIODONT REST 2009; 29:7-21. [PMID: 19244878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the histologic and microcomputed tomographic (micro CT) outcomes of the treatment of gingival recession defects with either a subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG) or 0.3 mg/mL recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB) on a beta tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) matrix. Gingival recession defects were surgically created in six premolar teeth with no more than 3 mm of keratinized marginal tissue, an osseous crest 2 to 3 mm apical to the newly created gingival margin, and recession depth of at least 3 mm. The defects were left untouched for 2 months; then, four defects were grafted with rhPDGF-BB + beta-TCP + a wound healing dressing, and two defects received CTGs. A coronally advanced flap covered each grafted site. Nine months later, sections were obtained for examination. All four sites treated with rhPDGF-BB + beta-TCP showed connective tissue fibers (Sharpey fibers) perpendicularly inserting into newly formed cementum and alveolar bone. In the two sites treated with CTGs, a long junctional epithelium was seen coronal to the osseous crest and connective tissue fibers ran parallel to the adjacent root surfaces, with no evidence of insertion into cementum or bone. There was no evidence of regeneration of cementum, inserting connective tissue fibers, or supporting alveolar bone. Regeneration of the periodontium in gingival recession defects is possible through growth factor-mediated therapy.
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Zavan B, Vindigni V, Vezzù K, Zorzato G, Luni C, Abatangelo G, Elvassore N, Cortivo R. Hyaluronan based porous nano-particles enriched with growth factors for the treatment of ulcers: a placebo-controlled study. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2009; 20:235-247. [PMID: 18758917 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the production of hyaluronan based porous microparticles by a semi-continuous gas anti-solvent (GAS) precipitation process to be used as a growth factor delivery system for in vivo treatment of ulcers. Operative process conditions, such as pressure, nozzle diameter and HYAFF11 solution concentrations, were adjusted to optimize particle production in terms of morphology and size. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light scattering demonstrated that porous nano-structured particles with a size of 300 and 900 nm had a high specific surface suitable for absorption of growth factors from the aqueous environment within the polymeric matrix. Water acted as a plasticizer, enhancing growth factor absorption. Water contents within the HYAFF11 matrix were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The absorption process was developed using fluorescence dyes and growth factors. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the high efficiency of absorption of growth factor and a mathematical model was generated to quantify and qualify the in vitro kinetics of growth factor release within the polymeric matrix. In vivo experiments were performed with the aim to optimize timed and focal release of PDGF to promote optimal tissue repair and regeneration of full-thickness wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zavan
- Department of Histology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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Sánchez M, Anitua E, Azofra J, Aguirre JJ, Andia I. Intra-articular injection of an autologous preparation rich in growth factors for the treatment of knee OA: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2008; 26:910-913. [PMID: 19032827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain preliminary information about the effectiveness of intra-articular injections of an autologous preparation rich in growth factors (PRGF) for knee OA treatment to be explored further in future studies. METHODS We have characterized PRGF treatment by platelet count and concentration of relevant growth factors (TGF-Beta1, PDGF-AB, VEGF-A; HGF and IGF-I) involved in healing mechanisms. We have performed an observational retrospective cohort study using hyaluronan injections as a control. Each group included 30 patients with OA of the knee, matched according to age, sex, body mass index and radiographic severity. Both treatments were based on three weekly injections. Clinical outcome was examined using the WOMAC questionnaires prior to treatment and at 5 weeks after treatment. RESULTS The observed success rates by week 5 for the pain subscale reached 33.4% for the PRGF group and 10% for the hyaluronan group. The difference was attributed exclusively to the treatment modality, p = 0.004. The percent reductions in the physical function subscale and overall WOMAC at 5 weeks were also associated solely with treatment modality in favour of PRGF, p = 0.043 and p = 0.010 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although these preliminary results need to be evaluated in a randomized clinical trial, they provide useful infomration about the safety of PRGF and open new perspectives on autologous treatments for joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sánchez
- Unidad de Cirugia Artroscópica "Mikel Sanchez", Vitoria, Spain
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Jin Q, Wei G, Lin Z, Sugai JV, Lynch SE, Ma PX, Giannobile WV. Nanofibrous scaffolds incorporating PDGF-BB microspheres induce chemokine expression and tissue neogenesis in vivo. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1729. [PMID: 18320048 PMCID: PMC2248711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) exerts multiple cellular effects that stimulate wound repair in multiple tissues. However, a major obstacle for its successful clinical application is the delivery system, which ultimately controls the in vivo release rate of PDGF. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres (MS) in nanofibrous scaffolds (NFS) have been shown to control the release of rhPDGF-BB in vitro. In order to investigate the effects of rhPDGF-BB release from MS in NFS on gene expression and enhancement of soft tissue engineering, rhPDGF-BB was incorporated into differing molecular weight (MW) polymeric MS. By controlling the MW of the MS over a range of 6.5 KDa–64 KDa, release rates of PDGF can be regulated over periods of weeks to months in vitro. The NFS-MS scaffolds were divided into multiple groups based on MS release characteristics and PDGF concentration ranging from 2.5–25.0 µg and evaluated in vivo in a soft tissue wound repair model in the dorsa of rats. At 3, 7, 14 and 21 days post-implantation, the scaffold implants were harvested followed by assessments of cell penetration, vasculogenesis and tissue neogenesis. Gene expression profiles using cDNA microarrays were performed on the PDGF-releasing NFS. The percentage of tissue invasion into MS-containing NFS at 7 days was higher in the PDGF groups when compared to controls. Blood vessel number in the HMW groups containing either 2.5 or 25 µg PDGF was increased above those of other groups at 7d (p<0.01). Results from cDNA array showed that PDGF strongly enhanced in vivo gene expression of the CXC chemokine family members such as CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL5. Thus, sustained release of rhPDGF-BB, controlled by slow-releasing MS associated with the NFS delivery system, enhanced cell migration and angiogenesis in vivo, and may be related to an induced expression of chemokine-related genes. This approach offers a technology to accurately control growth factor release to promote soft tissue engineering in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Jin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Guobao Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhao Lin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James V. Sugai
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Samuel E. Lynch
- Biomimetic Therapeutics, Inc., Franklin, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Peter X. Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biologic and Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - William V. Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Michigan Center for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Ma ACH, Liang R, Leung AYH. The role of phospholipase C gamma 1 in primitive hematopoiesis during zebrafish development. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:368-73. [PMID: 17309817 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Phospholipase C (PLC) gamma 1 has been shown to mediate signal transduction of tyrosine kinases and affect function of hematopoietic cells. However, its role in hematopoiesis during embryonic development is currently unclear. In this study, we examined this issue using morpholino (MO) gene knockdown in zebrafish embryos METHODS MO targeting at the exon-1-intron-1 junction of zebrafish PLC-gamma1 was injected into embryos at the one- to four-cell stage (referred herein zPLC-gamma1(MO) embryos). Primitive hematopoiesis was examined quantitatively by flow cytometry in Tg(gata1:GFP) embryos and by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction at 18 hours-post-fertilization (hpf), before the onset of circulation. The embryos were also treated with receptor inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor at 25, 1, and 30 micromol/L, respectively, from one cell until 48 hpf. RESULTS Erythropoiesis was reduced in zPLC-gamma1(MO) embryos, as shown by the reduction in gata1(+) cells (wild-type: 4.32% +/- 0.10% vs zPLC-gamma1(MO): 2.38% +/- 0.11%, p = 0.021) and gata1 and alpha-embryonic hemoglobin expression [0.47 +/- 0.06-fold (p = 0.013) and 0.46 +/- 0.04-fold (p = 0.013)]. Expression of scl, lmo-2 (early hematopoietic progenitors), pu.1, and l-plastin (myelomonocytic lineages) as well as fli1 (vascular progenitors) were unaffected. Fli1(+) cells in Tg(fli1:GFP) embryos were also unaffected by zPLC-gamma1(MO). When embryos were incubated with receptor inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFRTKI), fibroblast growth factor (SU5402), or platelet-derived growth factor (AG1296), only VEGFRTKI reduced erythropoiesis [VEGFRTKI: 2.10% +/- 0.07% (p = 0.021) vs SU5402: 4.08% +/- 0.12% (p = 0.248) vs AG1296: 4.12% +/- 0.14% (p = 0.149)]. CONCLUSION PLC-gamma1 is involved in the regulation of primitive hematopoiesis in zebrafish embryos, which is distinct from its later effect on vascular formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin C H Ma
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Rozman P, Bolta Z. Use of platelet growth factors in treating wounds and soft-tissue injuries. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 2007; 16:156-165. [PMID: 18204746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tissue repair begins with clot formation and platelet degranulation, which release the growth factors (GFs) necessary for wound repair. Platelet-derived GFs are biologically active substances that enhance tissue repair mechanisms such as chemotaxis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix deposition, and remodeling. This review describes the biological background of the topical therapy of wounds and soft-tissue injuries with platelet gel (PG) and PG-derived GFs as well as the success of the clinical studies performed so far. Some other interesting topical applications of PG are also described. Platelet-derivatives represent a promising therapeutic modality, offering opportunities for treatment of wounds, ulcers, soft-tissue injuries, and various other applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rozman
- Department of Immunohematology, Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Slajmerjeva 6, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Rocchietta I, Dellavia C, Nevins M, Simion M. Bone regenerated via rhPDGF-bB and a deproteinized bovine bone matrix: backscattered electron microscopic element analysis. INT J PERIODONT REST 2007; 27:539-545. [PMID: 18092448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study used backscattered electron microscopy (BSE-SEM) to analyze specimens in which bone was augmented both horizontally and vertically with a xenograft scaffold and recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB), with or without a resorbable collagen membrane. The study objective was to compare percentage weight and volume calcium-phosphorus ratios of regenerated bone and native bone and the nature of the bony contact with two different implant surfaces. Examination of the nature of the mineralized tissues by BSE-SEM provides an understanding of the composition and element ratio of bone regenerated from nonautogenous grafts. The data collected demonstrated no statistically significant difference between regenerated bone and native bone in the two tested groups. Our observations suggest that bone regenerated via nonautogenous grafts displays composition, structure, and physical properties very similar to those of native bone. Similarly, no significant differences were observed at the bone-implant interface between bone regenerated proximal to oxidized versus machined implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Rocchietta
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Italy.
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Sun W, Lin H, Xie H, Chen B, Zhao W, Han Q, Zhao Y, Xiao Z, Dai J. Collagen membranes loaded with collagen-binding human PDGF-BB accelerate wound healing in a rabbit dermal ischemic ulcer model. Growth Factors 2007; 25:309-18. [PMID: 18236209 DOI: 10.1080/08977190701803885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that exogenous platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) could accelerate the ulcer healing, but the lack of efficient growth factor delivery system limits its clinical application. Our previous work has demonstrated that the native human PDGF-BB was added a collagen-binding domain (CBD), TKKTLRT, to develop a collagen-based PDGF targeting delivery system. Here, we showed that this CBD-fused PDGF-BB (CBD-PDGF) could bind to collagen membrane efficiently. We used the rabbit dermal ischemic ulcer model to study the effects of CBD-PDGF loaded on collagen membranes. Results revealed that this system maintained a higher concentration and stronger bioactivity of PDGF-BB on the collagen membranes and promoted the re-epithelialization of dermal ulcer wounds, the collagen deposition, and the formation of capillary lumens within the newly formed tissue area. It demonstrated that collagen membranes loaded with collagen-targeting human PDGF-BB could effectively promote ulcer healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Sun
- Key laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Thomopoulos S, Zaegel M, Das R, Harwood FL, Silva MJ, Amiel D, Sakiyama-Elbert S, Gelberman RH. PDGF-BB released in tendon repair using a novel delivery system promotes cell proliferation and collagen remodeling. J Orthop Res 2007; 25:1358-68. [PMID: 17551975 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to promote fibroblast proliferation and collagen remodeling in flexor tendon repair through sustained delivery of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). The release kinetics of PDGF-BB from a novel fibrin matrix delivery system was initially evaluated in vitro. After the in vivo degradation rate of the fibrin matrix was determined using fluorescently tagged fibrin, PDGF-BB was delivered to the site of flexor tendon repair in vivo in a canine model. The effect of PDGF-BB on intrasynovial tendon healing was studied using histology-based assays (cell density, proliferation, and type I collagen expression) and by measuring total DNA levels and reducible collagen crosslink levels. The fibrin matrix delivery system provided sustained release of PDGF-BB in vitro at a rate modulated by the ratio of heparin to growth factor. In vivo, the fibrin matrix remained at the repair site for more than 10 days. Delivery of PDGF-BB led to a qualitative increase in cell density, cell proliferation, and type I collagen mRNA expression. PDGF-BB also led to statistically significant increases in total DNA (20% increase at 7 days, 18% increase at 14 days) and reducible collagen crosslinks (30% increase at 7 days). Sustained delivery of growth factors may be achieved using a novel fibrin-based delivery system. PDGF-BB delivery increased cell proliferation and matrix remodeling and thus may accelerate flexor tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Thomopoulos
- Department of Orthopaedics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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Marzouk KM, Gamal AY, Al-Awady AA, Sharawy MM. Osteoconductive effects of vinyl styrene microbeads in rat calvarial defects. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 65:1508-16. [PMID: 17656276 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2006.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of the nonresorbable vinyl styrene microbeads (VSM) alloplast as a delivery vehicle for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) in rat calvarial critical size defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-three Long-Evans male rats were divided into 4 groups; a negative control, vinyl styrene microbeads (VSM), PDGF-BB, and VSM plus PDGF-BB. Critical size calvarial defects were carried out and isolated with membranes sandwiching the defects with their fillers. Animals were sacrificed after 2, 4, and 16 weeks classifying each group into 3 subgroups. Calvarial specimens were radiographed for evaluation of regenerated bone volume and densitometry histogram analysis. Specimens were divided mid-sagittally and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and trichrome stain for qualitative and histomorphometric analysis using an image analysis software. RESULTS The VSM groups showed statistically higher defect fills than the VSM-free groups at all sacrifice times except for the VSM/PDGF group that showed this difference after 2 weeks in relation to the PDGF group and the negative control after 4 and 16 weeks. For the radiographic analysis, the VSM/PDGF group showed the lowest bone volume compared with the other groups except when it was compared with the 4 weeks VSM group. In contrast, the PDGF showed the highest bone volumes at all sacrifice times that were only significant when compared with the 4 weeks VSM group and the 4 and 16 weeks VSM/PDGF group. CONCLUSIONS VSM enhances bone defect fill whereas the VSM/PDGF-BB is not able to improve bone regeneration capacity when compared with VSM alone.
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Karumuri NN, Gangireddy SR, Narala VR, Majee SS, Gunwar S, Reddy RC. Simple, rapid, high-purity preparation of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29:1333-9. [PMID: 17541759 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) is used to treat full-thickness diabetic ulcers and is being investigated for use in other chronic ulcers, non-healing wounds, and periodontal defects. A simple, novel method for expression and purification of rhPDGF-BB from Escherichia coli is now described. This method produces the dimeric protein in high yield (10-12 mg/g wet cell mass) and with a purity >95%. rhPDGF-BB was exclusively found in inclusion bodies (IBs) representing approx. 30% of the total cell proteins. The IBs were extracted and the monomer purified by RP-HPLC. The purified rhPDGF-B monomer was then refolded using Tris buffer and subsequently dimerized to produce biologically active rhPDGF-BB. This product was composed of two polypeptide chains, each approx. 12 kDa. The final product exhibited specific activity in a fibroblast proliferation assay indistinguishable from that of the WHO reference standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju N Karumuri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Silva GA, Coutinho OP, Ducheyne P, Shapiro IM, Reis RL. Starch-Based Microparticles as Vehicles for the Delivery of Active Platelet-Derived Growth Factor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:1259-68. [PMID: 17518721 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In a previous work, we described the use of starch-based microparticles as vehicles for the controlled release of corticosteroids. The goal of the present work is to evaluate the potential of these microparticles to incorporate and release platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). The loading efficiency and release profile were evaluated, and PDGF was incorporated into and released from the matrix of starch-based microparticles. The release profile shows rapid release of PDGF in the first 24 h, after which there was a slow but constant release for up to 8 weeks. The maintenance of the PDGF biological activity after incorporation and release was evaluated by its mitogenic effect over osteoblastic cells, and it was shown to be comparable to that of PDGF supplemented to the culture medium. This proves that the incorporation and release did not affect the biological activity of the growth factor (GF). The results clearly demonstrate that starch-based microparticles are suitable vehicles for the incorporation and release of GFs. When combined with previous results, these materials also suggest their ability to enhance the regenerating potential of tissue engineering hybrid constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Silva
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
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Tiranathanagul K, Dhawan V, Lytle IF, Zhang W, Borschel GH, Buffington DA, Tziampazis E, Brown DL, Humes HD. Tissue Engineering of an Implantable Bioartificial Hemofilter. ASAIO J 2007; 53:176-86. [PMID: 17413558 DOI: 10.1097/01.mat.0000259295.56446.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step in the tissue engineering of an implantable bioartificial kidney is the development of an implant that produces ultrafiltrate to replace glomerular function. A fabricated device containing synthetic hollow hemofiltration fibers was placed around the femoral vascular pedicle in rats, which initiated new tissue formation with a mature and durable neocapillary bed. The transudate fluid produced by this newly formed capillary bed accumulated through the hollow fibers into a subcutaneous port to allow evaluation of the fluid. In its first phase, this study evaluated various hollow fibers and tissue induction processes by the measurement of fluid volume, urea nitrogen, and total protein continuously for 6 weeks. New tissues formed within the implants surrounding the fibers, and the vascular density, vessel sizes, and percent cross-sectional vascular area were assessed by means of histomorphometric analysis after 6 weeks. The volume of fluid formation correlated with both vascular density and fiber membrane surface area. The implant fluid-to-serum ratios demonstrated a permselective filtrate. In a second phase, platelet-derived growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor versus carrier alone were infused directly into the implants for the first 4 weeks in vivo through osmotic pumps and followed up to 9 weeks. Cumulative implant fluid volumes were significantly greater in the growth factor-treated group than in control animals and were associated with greater numbers of small-caliber blood vessels. These results provide the initial proof of concept in developing a tissue-engineered hemofilter prototype on a small scale in a rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khajohn Tiranathanagul
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Chen RR, Silva EA, Yuen WW, Mooney DJ. Spatio–temporal VEGF and PDGF Delivery Patterns Blood Vessel Formation and Maturation. Pharm Res 2006; 24:258-64. [PMID: 17191092 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biological mechanisms of tissue regeneration are often complex, involving the tightly coordinated spatial and temporal presentation of multiple factors. We investigated whether spatially compartmentalized and sequential delivery of factors can be used to pattern new blood vessel formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A porous bi-layered poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) scaffold system was used to locally present vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) alone in one spatial region, and sequentially deliver VEGF and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in an adjacent region. Scaffolds were implanted in severely ischemic hindlimbs of SCID mice for 2 and 6 weeks, and new vessel formation was quantified within the scaffolds. RESULTS In the compartment delivering a high dose of VEGF alone, a high density of small, immature blood vessels was observed at 2 weeks. Sequential delivery of VEGF and PDGF led to a slightly lower blood vessel density, but vessel size and maturity were significantly enhanced. Results were similar at 6 weeks, with continued remodeling of vessels in the VEGF and PDGF layer towards increased size and maturation. CONCLUSIONS Spatially localizing and temporally controlling growth factor presentation for angiogenesis can create spatially organized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth R Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Nieder C, Andratschke N, Price RE, Kian-Ang K. Acceleration of normal-tissue damage expression by early stimulation of cell proliferation in rat spinal cord. Strahlenther Onkol 2006; 182:680-4. [PMID: 17072527 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-006-1572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine experimental strategies for prevention of radiation-induced late spinal cord damage. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effects of treatment with high, proliferation-stimulating doses of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) administered at various times after radiotherapy of rat spinal cord, and aiming at increased tissue regeneration, were studied in an established model. Animals were followed and monitored for expression of radiation myelopathy (RM), which was confirmed by histopathologic diagnosis. RESULTS High doses of PDGF given 8 weeks after radiotherapy significantly accelerated the development of RM compared to control animals (Figure 1). Such effects were observed also for concomitant treatment, but not for PDGF administration after 12 or 15 weeks (Figure 2). On the microscopic level, the spinal cord showed more pronounced vascular damage with vessel necroses and hemorrhages (Figure 3). CONCLUSION These data suggest that the vascular system plays an important role during development of RM and that early stimulation of cell proliferation negatively influences the time course of spinal cord damage. Further experiments should address different concepts of tissue regeneration or damage prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Nieder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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Lechuga CG, Hernández-Nazara ZH, Hernández E, Bustamante M, Desierto G, Cotty A, Dharker N, Choe M, Rojkind M. PI3K is involved in PDGF-beta receptor upregulation post-PDGF-BB treatment in mouse HSC. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006; 291:G1051-61. [PMID: 16990448 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00058.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of PDGF-beta receptors is a landmark of hepatic stellate cell activation and transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the fate of the receptor are lacking. Recent studies suggested that N-acetylcysteine enhances the extracellular degradation of PDGF-beta receptor by cathepsin B, thus suggesting that the absence of PDGF-beta receptors in quiescent cells is due to an active process of elimination and not to a lack of expression. In this communication we investigated further molecular mechanisms involved in PDGF-beta receptor elimination and reappearance after incubation with PDGF-BB. We showed that in culture-activated hepatic stellate cells there is no internal protein pool of receptor, that the protein is maximally phosphorylated by 5 min and completely degraded after 1 h by a lysosomal-dependent mechanism. Inhibition of receptor autophosphorylation by tyrphostin 1296 prevented its degradation, but several proteasomal inhibitors had no effect. We also showed that receptor reappearance is time and dose dependent, being more delayed in cells treated with 50 ng/ml (48 h) compared with 10 ng/ml (24 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen G Lechuga
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Cooke JW, Sarment DP, Whitesman LA, Miller SE, Jin Q, Lynch SE, Giannobile WV. Effect of rhPDGF-BB delivery on mediators of periodontal wound repair. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:1441-50. [PMID: 16846342 PMCID: PMC2586965 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) exert potent effects on wound healing including the regeneration of tooth-supporting structures. This investigation examined the effect of the local delivery of PDGF-BB when combined with reconstructive periodontal surgery on local wound fluid (WF) levels of PDGF-AB, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and bone collagen telopeptide (ICTP) in humans with advanced periodontitis. Sixteen patients exhibiting localized periodontal osseous defects were randomized to one of three groups (beta-TCP carrier alone, beta-TCP + 0.3 mg/mL of recombinant human PDGF-BB [rhPDGF-BB], or beta-TCP + 1.0 mg/mL of rhPDGF-BB) and monitored for 6 months. WF was harvested and analyzed for PDGF-AB, VEGF, and ICTP WF levels. Teeth contralateral to the target lesions served as controls. Increased levels of VEGF in the WF was observed for all surgical treatment groups with the 1.0 mg/mL rhPDGF-BB group showing the most pronounced difference at 3 weeks in the AUC analysis versus control (p < 0.0001). PDGF-AB WF levels were increased for the carrier alone group compared to both rhPDGFBB groups. Low-dose rhPDGF-BB application elicited increases in ICTP at days 3-5 in the wound healing process, suggesting a promotion of bone turnover at early stages of the repair process (p < 0.02). These results demonstrate contrasting inducible expression patterns of PDGF-AB, VEGF, and ICTP during periodontal wound healing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Cooke
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Bhargava MM, Hidaka C, Hannafin JA, Doty S, Warren RF. Effects of hepatocyte growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor on the repair of meniscal defects in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2006; 41:305-10. [PMID: 16409118 DOI: 10.1290/0503018.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Injuries to the avascular region of the meniscus occur frequently and may be difficult to repair. This study was designed to determine whether growth factors could diffuse from a collagen sponge or a collagen gel into meniscal tissue and stimulate healing of defects using an in vitro model. The diffusion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) from the collagen carriers into the medium was rapid with approximately 50% being released from the collagen sponge within the first hour. After 5 d of incubation, 8% of the PDGF was present in the meniscus, 11% in the collagen sponge, and 62% had been released into the medium. Similar results were obtained when a collagen gel was used as a carrier. Histological evaluation of the meniscal explants after 2 wk in culture revealed extensive proteoglycan staining in the areas surrounding defects treated with either hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or PDGF compared with controls without growth factor. The HGF-PDGF treatment resulted in alignment and migration of meniscal cells toward the defect, which was not observed in untreated controls. At 3-7 d, increased number of cells were observed in defects treated with collagen gels (but not the sponge) with PDGF-HGF. At 4 wk, combined HGF-PDGF treatment resulted in the formation of tissue with birefringence by polarized microscopy, suggestive of organized collagen. The data suggest that use of specific PDGF-HGF may enhance the repair of meniscal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu M Bhargava
- Laboratory for Soft Tissue Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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Abstract
The treatment of oral and periodontal diseases and associated anomalies accounts for a significant proportion of the healthcare burden, with the manifestations of these conditions being functionally and psychologically debilitating. Growth factors are critical to the development, maturation, maintenance and repair of craniofacial tissues, as they establish an extracellular environment that is conducive to cell and tissue growth. Tissue-engineering principles aim to exploit these properties in the development of biomimetic materials that can provide an appropriate microenvironment for tissue development. These materials have been constructed into devices that can be used as vehicles for delivery of cells, growth factors and DNA. In this review, different mechanisms of drug delivery are addressed in the context of novel approaches to reconstruct and engineer oral- and tooth-supporting structures, namely the periodontium and alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darnell Kaigler
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Hsieh PCH, MacGillivray C, Gannon J, Cruz FU, Lee RT. Local Controlled Intramyocardial Delivery of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Improves Postinfarction Ventricular Function Without Pulmonary Toxicity. Circulation 2006; 114:637-44. [PMID: 16894033 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.639831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Local delivery methods can target therapies to specific tissues and potentially avoid toxicity to other organs. Platelet-derived growth factor can protect the myocardium, but it also plays an important role in promoting pulmonary hypertension. It is not known whether local myocardial delivery of platelet-derived growth factor during myocardial infarction (MI) can lead to sustained cardiac benefit without causing pulmonary hypertension.
Methods and Results—
We performed a randomized and blinded experiment of 127 rats that survived experimental MI or sham surgery. We delivered platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB with self-assembling peptide nanofibers (NFs) to provide controlled release within the myocardium. There were 6 groups with n≥20 in each group: sham, sham+NF, sham+NF/PDGF, MI, MI+NF, and MI+NF/PDGF. Serial echocardiography from 1 day to 3 months showed significant improvement of ventricular fractional shortening, end-systolic dimension, and end-diastolic dimension with local PDGF delivery (
P
<0.05 for MI+NF/PDGF versus MI or MI+NF). Catheterization at 4 months revealed improved ventricular function in the controlled delivery group (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, cardiac index, +dP/dt, −dP/dt, and time constant of exponential decay all
P
<0.05 for MI+NF/P versus MI or MI+NF). Infarcted myocardial volume was reduced by NF/PDGF therapy (34.0±13.3% in MI, 28.9±12.9% in MI+NF, and 12.0±5.8% in MI+NF/PDGF;
P
<0.001). There was no evidence of pulmonary toxicity from the therapy, with no differences in right ventricular end-systolic pressure, right ventricular dP/dt, bromodeoxyuridine staining, or pulmonary artery medial wall thickness.
Conclusions—
Intramyocardial delivery of PDGF by self-assembling peptide NFs leads to long-term improvement in cardiac performance after experimental infarction without apparent pulmonary toxicity. Local myocardial protection may allow prevention of heart failure without systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C H Hsieh
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Mass., USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a very potent mitogen for hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in hepatic fibrogenesis. Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (LC), a traditional Chinese herb used for cerebrovascular diseases, has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging effects. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of LC extract on the proliferation-related biomarkers in a rat HSC cell line (HSC-T6) stimulated with PDGF. METHODS DNA synthesis via bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, cell cycle related proteins and apoptosis markers were determined to evaluate the inhibitory effects of LC. RESULTS The results revealed that LC extract (25-100 microg/mL) concentration-dependently decreased the PDGF-induced cell proliferation as well as alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in HSC. The inhibitory activity of LC on HSC was associated with: (i) inhibition of BrdU incorporation; (ii) induction of apoptosis with the activation of caspase-3, up-regulation of cell cycle inhibitory proteins p21 and p27, and down-regulation of cell cycle stimulatory proteins cyclins D1 and D2; and (iii) increased phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (JNK). LC at the studied concentrations showed no direct cytotoxicity on primary hepatocytes. CONCLUSION The results suggest that LC significantly inhibited PDGF-activated HSC proliferation, possibly through apoptotic mechanisms and the potential of LC as an antifibrotic agent warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lian Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hanaoka K, Tanaka E, Takata T, Miyauchi M, Aoyama J, Kawai N, Dalla-Bona DA, Yamano E, Tanne K. Platelet-derived growth factor enhances proliferation and matrix synthesis of temporomandibular joint disc-derived cells. Angle Orthod 2006; 76:486-92. [PMID: 16637732 DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(2006)076[0486:pgfepa]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is an essential signaling molecule for wound healing and tissue repair. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of PDGF on the proliferation of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc-derived cells and extracellular matrix synthesis. The number of cultured cells were counted by COULTER Z1. The assay for collagen synthesis was performed using a sircol soluble collagen assay. Hyaluronic acid (HA) synthesis was analyzed by a high performance liquid chromatography. The expression of collagens, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were examined using SYBR Green in terms of the RNA levels. PDGF treatment significantly (P < .01) increased the proliferation rate of the disc-derived cells as compared with the controls when the dose was 5 ng/ mL or greater. Treatment with more than 5 ng/mL PDGF resulted in an amount of collagen synthesis significantly (P < .01) higher than the controls. HA synthesis was maximal with 5 ng/mL PDGF treatment. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that treatment with 5 ng/mL of PDGF-BB upregulated the mitochondrial RNA levels of type I and II collagens, MMPs, and TIMPs within 6 hours. It is concluded that PDGF, if its concentration is optimal, enhanced proliferation and matrix synthesis of TMJ disc-derived cells, indicating that PDGF may be effective for use in tissue engineering of the TMJ disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Hanaoka
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Steed DL. Clinical evaluation of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor for the treatment of lower extremity ulcers. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006; 117:143S-149S; discussion 150S-151S. [PMID: 16799381 DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000222526.21512.4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcer is a major health care problem that leads to amputation. METHODS Patients with full-thickness diabetic neurotrophic foot ulcers present for longer than 8 weeks without healing were entered into one of five randomized, prospective, blinded clinical trials comparing treatment with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or placebo gel for up to 20 weeks. The purpose of these trials was to assess the safety and efficacy of PDGF used with good wound care. Each patient had an adequate arterial blood supply, was free of infection, was off-loaded, and was extensively débrided. The ulcers had been present for at least 8 weeks. RESULTS A total of 922 patients were entered into the study. Analysis of ulcers with a baseline area of less than 10 cm (95 percent of patients) showed that patients treated with PDGF at 100 mug/g had a significant increase in complete healing compared with patients given placebo (50 percent versus 36 percent, p < 0.007). PDGF also decreased the time to complete healing by 30 percent (14 weeks versus 20 weeks, p = 0.01). Adverse events were similar in both treatment groups, as were recurrent ulcer rates. CONCLUSION PDGF applied once daily was effective in healing chronic diabetic neurotrophic foot ulcers when used in conjunction with good wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Steed
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa 15213, USA.
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Sandler C, Joutsiniemi S, Lindstedt KA, Juutilainen T, Kovanen PT, Eklund KK. Imatinib mesylate inhibits platelet derived growth factor stimulated proliferation of rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 347:31-5. [PMID: 16806061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Synovial fibroblast is the key cell type in the growth of the pathological synovial tissue in arthritis. Here, we show that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen for synovial fibroblasts isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Inhibition of PDGF-receptor signalling by imatinib mesylate (1muM) completely abrogated the PDGF-stimulated proliferation and inhibited approximately 70% of serum-stimulated proliferation of synovial fibroblasts. Similar extent of inhibition was observed when PDGF was neutralized with anti-PDGF antibodies, suggesting that imatinib mesylate does not inhibit pathways other than those mediated by PDGF-receptors. No signs of apoptosis were detected in synovial fibroblasts cultured in the presence of imatinib. These results suggest that imatinib mesylate specifically inhibits PDGF-stimulated proliferation of synovial fibroblasts, and that inhibition of PDGF-receptors could represent a feasible target for novel antirheumatic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Sandler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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