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Pradhan I, Hembram P. Silicon supplementation stabilizes the effect of copper stress, the use of copper chaperones and genes involved: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:543. [PMID: 38642191 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09507-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal stress is a major problem in present scenario and the consequences are well known. The agroecosystems are heavily affected by the heavy metal stress and the question arises on the sustainability of the agricultural products. Heavy metals inhibit the process to influence the reactive oxygen species production. When abundantly present copper metal ion has toxic effects which is mitigated by the exogenous application of Si. The role of silicon is to enhance physical parameters as well as gas exchange parameters. Si is likely to increase antioxidant enzymes in response to copper stress which can relocate toxic metals at subcellular level and remove heavy metals from the cell. Silicon regulates phytohormones when excess copper is present. Rate of photosynthesis and mineral absorption is increased in response to metal stress. Silicon manages enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities to balance metal stress condition. Cu transport by the plasma membrane is controlled by a family of proteins called copper transporter present at cell surface. Plants maintain balance in absorption, use and storage for proper copper ion homeostasis. Copper chaperones play vital role in copper ion movement within cells. Prior to that metallochaperones control Cu levels. The genes responsible in copper stress mitigation are discovered in various plant species and their function are decoded. However, detailed molecular mechanism is yet to be studied. This review discusses about the crucial mechanisms of Si-mediated alleviation of copper stress, the role of copper binding proteins in copper homeostasis. Moreover, it also provides a brief information on the genes, their function and regulation of their expression in relevance to Cu abundance in different plant species which will be beneficial for further understanding of the role of silicon in stabilization of copper stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itishree Pradhan
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India
| | - Padmalochan Hembram
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur, 760007, India.
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Pang Z, Luo Z, Guan DX, Zhang T, Qiu L, Zhao E, Ma Q, Li T, Peng H, Liang Y. The adsorption-diffusion model and biomimetic simulation reveal the switchable roles of silicon in regulating toxic metal uptake in rice roots. Chemosphere 2024; 353:141669. [PMID: 38460848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination by heavy metals has become a serious threat to global food security. The application of silicon (Si)-based materials is a simple and economical method for producing safe crops in contaminated soil. However, the impact of silicon on the heavy-metal concentration in plant roots, which are the first line in the chain of heavy-metal entering plants and causing stress and the main site of heavy-metal deposition in plants, remains puzzling. We proposed a process-based model (adsorption-diffusion model) to explain the results of a collection of 28 experiments on alleviating toxic metal stress in plants by Si. Then we evaluated the applicability of the model in Si-mitigated trivalent chromium (Cr[III]) stress in rice, taking into account variations in experimental conditions such as Cr(III) concentration, stress duration, and Si concentration. It was found that the adsorption-diffusion model fitted the experimental data well (R2 > 0.9). We also verified the binding interaction between Si and Cr in the cell wall using SEM-EDS and XPS. In addition, we designed a simplified biomimetic device that simulated the Si in cell wall to analyze the dual-action switch of Si from increasing Cr(III) adsorption to blocking Cr(III) diffusion. We found that the adsorption of Cr(III) by Si decreased from 58% to 7% as the total amount of Cr(III) increased, and finally the diffusion blocking effect of Si dominated. This study deepens our understanding of the role of Si in mitigating toxic metal stress in plants and is instructive for the research and use of Si-based materials to improve food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Pang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhongkui Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dong-Xing Guan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lixue Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Enqiang Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingxu Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongyun Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Sharma Y, Thakral V, Raturi G, Dutta Dubey K, Sonah H, Pareek A, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Structural assessment of OsNIP2;1 highlighted critical residues defining solute specificity and functionality of NIP class aquaporins. J Adv Res 2024; 58:1-11. [PMID: 37164213 PMCID: PMC10982858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nodulin-26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs) are integral membrane proteins belonging to the aquaporin family, that facilitate the transport of neutral solutes across the bilayer. The OsNIP2;1 a member of NIP-III class of aquaporins is permeable to beneficial elements like silicon and hazardous arsenic. However, the atomistic cross-talk of these molecules traversing the OsNIP2;1 channel is not well understood. OBJECTIVE Due to the lack of genomic variation but the availability of high confidence crystal structure, this study aims to highlight structural determinants of metalloid permeation through OsNIP2;1. METHODS The molecular simulations, combined with site-directed mutagenesis were used to probe the role of specific residues in the metalloid transport activity of OsNIP2;1. RESULTS We drew energetic landscape of OsNIP2;1, for silicic and arsenous acid transport. Potential Mean Force (PMF) construction illuminate three prominent energetic barriers for metalloid passage through the pore. One corresponds to the extracellular molecular entry in the channel, the second located on ar/R filter, and the third size constriction in the cytoplasmic half. Comparative PMF for silicic acid and arsenous acid elucidate a higher barrier for silicic acid at the cytoplasmic constrict resulting in longer residence time for silicon. Furthermore, our simulation studies explained the importance of conserved residues in loop-C and loop-D with a direct effect on pore dynamics and metalloid transport. Next we assessed contribution of predicted key residues for arsenic uptake, by functional complementation in yeast. With the aim of reducing arsenic uptake while maintaining beneficial elements uptake, we identified novel OsNIP2;1 mutants with substantial reduction in arsenic uptake in yeast. CONCLUSION We provide a comprehensive assessment of pore lining residues of OsNIP2;1 with respect to metalloid uptake. The findings will expand mechanistic understanding of aquaporin's metalloid selectivity and facilitate variant interpretation to develop novel alleles with preference for beneficial metalloid species and reducing hazardous ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India; Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana (NCR Delhi), India
| | - Vandana Thakral
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kshatresh Dutta Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, Haryana, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India; Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Division of Crop Science, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India; Plaksha University, Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh, Haryana, India.
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Ahmed T, Guo J, Noman M, Lv L, Manzoor N, Qi X, Li B. Metagenomic and biochemical analyses reveal the potential of silicon to alleviate arsenic toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123537. [PMID: 38355084 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) pollution in agricultural systems poses a serious threat to crop productivity and food safety. Silicon (Si) has been reported to mitigate toxic effects of heavy metals in plants. However, the mechanisms behind Si-mediated alleviation of As toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) remain poorly understood. Here, we performed metagenomic and biochemical analyses to investigate the potential of Si in alleviating As toxicity to rice plants. As exposure reduced plant growth, chlorophyll contents, antioxidant enzyme levels and soil enzymes activity, while increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity and inducing alterations in the rhizosphere microbiome of rice seedlings. Silicon amendments enhanced rice growth (24%), chlorophyll a (25%), and chlorophyll b (26.7%), indicating enhanced photosynthetic capacity. Si amendments also led to the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (15.4%), and peroxidase (15.6%), resulting in reduced ROS activity and oxidative stress compared to the As-treated control. Furthermore, Si treatment reduced uptake and translocation of As in rice plants, as evidenced by the analysis of elemental contents. Microscopic examination of leaf and root ultrastructure showed that Si mitigated As-induced cellular damage and maintained normal morphology. Metagenomic analysis of the rice rhizosphere microbiome revealed that Si application modulated composition and diversity of microbial communities e.g., Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Additionally, Si amendments upregulated the relative expression levels of OsGSH, OsPCs, OsNIP1;1 and OsNIP3;3 genes, while the expression levels of the OsLis1 and OsLis2 genes were significantly downregulated compared with As-treated rice plants. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of Si-mediated plant resilience to As stress and offer potential strategies for sustainable agriculture in As-contaminated regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, China; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Junning Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Luqiong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Natasha Manzoor
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | | | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Li Y, Zhang C, Hu Z. Hydraulic retention time governed the micro/nanostructures of titanium-incorporated diatoms and their photocatalytic activity. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123398. [PMID: 38272163 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Titanium-incorporated diatoms are promising biomaterials to photodegrade micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Hydraulic retention time (HRT) is a key parameter for diatom cultivation and the incorporation of titanium into diatom frustules. This study assessed how HRT governs the micro/nanostructures, titania (TiO2) content and distribution, and the photocatalytic activity of titanium-incorporated diatom frustules. We cultivated a diatom strain Stephanodiscus hantzschii using a feed solution containing titanium(IV) in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) at a solids retention time (SRT) of 10 d and staged HRTs from 24 to 12 and to 6 h. The decrease in HRT reduced the porosity of diatom frustules but increased their silicon and titania contents. When the HRT decreased from 24 to 12 and to 6 h, the specific surface areas of the diatom decreased from 37.65 ± 3.19 to 31.53 ± 3.71 and to 18.43 ± 2.69 m2·g-1 frustules, while the titanium (Ti) contents increased from 53 ± 14 to 71 ± 9 and to 85 ± 13 mg Ti·g-1 frustules. The increase in the influent flow rates of the MBRs with decreasing HRTs likely enhanced nutrient diffusion inside the diatom valve pores, facilitating the uptake and incorporation of silicon and titanium. The titanium-incorporated frustules were effective in removing two representative PPCPs, bisphenol A (BPA) and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), from water. As photocatalytic activity depends on the amount of titanium, decreasing the HRT substantially increased the photocatalytic activity of the titanium-incorporated frustules. In batch tests under ultraviolet light, frustules from the diatom cultivated at HRTs of 24, 12, and 6 h had the pseudo-first-order removal (mainly through photodegradation) rate constants of BPA of 0.376, 0.456, and 0.683 h-1, respectively. Under the same experimental condition, the pseudo-first-order removal rate constants of DEET by the frustules cultivated at HRTs of 24, 12, and 6 h increased from 0.270 to 0.330 and to 0.480 h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- NingboTech University, Ningbo, 315000, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States
| | - Chiqian Zhang
- Civil Engineering Program, College of Engineering & Computer Science, Arkansas State University, Arkansas, 72467, United States.
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, United States
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Jiang H, Xu X, Sun A, Bai C, Li Y, Nuo M, Shen X, Li W, Wang D, Tian P, Wei X, Wang G, Yang M, Wu Z. Silicon nutrition improves the quality and yield of rice under dry cultivation. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:1897-1908. [PMID: 37922382 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry cultivation of rice is a water-saving, emission reduction and labor-saving rice farming method. However, the development of rice under dry cultivation is hampered by the limitations of dry cultivation on rice yield and rice quality. We hypothesized that additional silicon (Si) would be a measure to address these limitations or challenges. RESULTS In the present study, we set up field trials with three treatments: flooded cultivation (W), dry cultivation (D) and dry cultivation plus Si. Yield and quality were reduced under D treatment compared to W treatment. The addition of Si promoted root development, increased plant height and leaf area, increased photosynthetic enzyme activity, net photosynthetic rate and SPAD values, and increased biomass under dry crop conditions. Under the drought conditions, silica up-regulated the expression of AGPSI, SBEI, SBEIIb, SSI and SSII-1 genes and the activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), soluble starch synthetase (SSS) and starch branching enzyme (SBE) enzymes, which reduced protein, amylose, chalkiness percentage and chalkiness degree, increased brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head milled rice rate, and also improved rice quality. In addition, the increase of AGPase, SSS and SBE enzyme activities promoted the filling rate and the number of spikes was guaranteed, whereas the yield was improved by promoting the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that adding appropriate amounts of Si fertilizer can improve the yield and quality of rice under dry cultivation by regulating source supply capacity and grain starch synthesis. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Crop Variety Approval and Characterization Station, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaotian Xu
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Anran Sun
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenyang Bai
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunzhe Li
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Nuo
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinru Shen
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wanchun Li
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongchao Wang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Tian
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wei
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Meiying Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- Faculty of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Crop Variety Approval and Characterization Station, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, Changchun, China
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Chen J, Dai XY, Zhao BC, Xu XW, Kang JX, Xu YR, Li JL. Role of the GLP2-Wnt1 axis in silicon-rich alkaline mineral water maintaining intestinal epithelium regeneration in piglets under early-life stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:126. [PMID: 38470510 PMCID: PMC10933158 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Stress-induced intestinal epithelial injury (IEI) and a delay in repair in infancy are predisposing factors for refractory gut diseases in adulthood, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Hence, it is necessary to develop appropriate mitigation methods for mammals when experiencing early-life stress (ELS). Weaning, as we all know, is a vital procedure that all mammalian newborns, including humans, must go through. Maternal separation (MS) stress in infancy (regarded as weaning stress in animal science) is a commonly used ELS paradigm. Drinking silicon-rich alkaline mineral water (AMW) has a therapeutic effect on enteric disease, but the specific mechanisms involved have not been reported. Herein, we discover the molecular mechanism by which silicon-rich AMW repairs ELS-induced IEI by maintaining intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and differentiation through the glucagon-like peptide (GLP)2-Wnt1 axis. Mechanistic study showed that silicon-rich AMW activates GLP2-dependent Wnt1/β-catenin pathway, and drives ISC proliferation and differentiation by stimulating Lgr5+ ISC cell cycle passage through the G1-S-phase checkpoint, thereby maintaining intestinal epithelial regeneration and IEI repair. Using GLP2 antagonists (GLP23-33) and small interfering RNA (SiWnt1) in vitro, we found that the GLP2-Wnt1 axis is the target of silicon-rich AMW to promote intestinal epithelium regeneration. Therefore, silicon-rich AMW maintains intestinal epithelium regeneration through the GLP2-Wnt1 axis in piglets under ELS. Our research contributes to understanding the mechanism of silicon-rich AMW promoting gut epithelial regeneration and provides a new strategy for the alleviation of ELS-induced IEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Chen Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Wen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Hasan M, Joslin S, Chemaly M, Liang B. Anonic Silicon Hydrogels Affect the Concentration of Proteins in Tears during Wear. Curr Eye Res 2024; 49:242-251. [PMID: 38146606 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2294702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the concentration of human tear proteins in patients wearing contact lenses of various ionicities and determine whether differences were related to the incidence of corneal infiltrative events (CIE). METHODS 24 subjects (samples) were randomly selected for spectral count analysis to obtain protein concentrations using LCMS analysis. The subjects were neophyte and ametropic with ages between 18 and 40; 6 wore control lenses, 8 wore TestLens1, and 10 wore TestLens2. 16 subjects experienced CIEs during the study. RESULTS A pairwise multiple hypothesis test identified 7 proteins that significantly differed in concentration between TestLens1 and control, and 11 proteins that differed between TestLens2 and control. Of the 12 unique proteins, 9 were at increased concentration and 3 were at lower concentration in the tears of test lens wearers compared to the control lens group. Bootstrap clustering confirmed these findings, showing 3 similar clusters to the original sample groups which separated people wearing control lenses from those wearing TestLens1 or TestLens2 with 83% accuracy and between TestLens1 and TestLens2 with 45% accuracy. Permutation testing identified 5 proteins that had significantly changed in concentration between people wearing TestLens2 and Control lenses. There was no difference in protein concentrations between those subjects who experienced a CIE and those who did not. CONCLUSION Wearing contact lenses of different ionicities can affect the concentration of proteins in the tear film. The current study did not find any associations of the concentration of proteins with CIEs. Future tests with increased sample size are needed to establish any relations between these changes and clinical performance.
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Wang C, Li J, Li S, Lin S. Effects and mechanisms of glyphosate as phosphorus nutrient on element stoichiometry and metabolism in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0213123. [PMID: 38265214 PMCID: PMC10880665 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02131-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to utilize dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) gives phytoplankton competitive advantages in P-limited environments. Our previous research indicates that the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum could grow on glyphosate, a DOP with carbon-phosphorus (C-P) bond and an herbicide, as sole P source. However, direct evidence and mechanism of glyphosate utilization are still lacking. In this study, using physiological and isotopic analysis, combined with transcriptomic profiling, we demonstrated the uptake of glyphosate by P. tricornutum and revealed the candidate responsible genes. Our data showed a low efficiency of glyphosate utilization by P. tricornutum, suggesting that glyphosate utilization costs energy and that the alga possessed an herbicide-resistant type of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase. Compared to the P-limited cultures, the glyphosate-grown P. tricornutum cells up-regulated genes involved in DNA replication, cell growth, transcription, translation, carbon metabolism, and many genes encoding antioxidants. Additionally, cellular C and silicon (Si) increased remarkably while cellular nitrogen (N) declined in the glyphosate-grown P. tricornutum, leading to higher Si:C and Si:N ratios, which corresponded to the up-regulation of genes involved in the C metabolism and Si uptake and the down-regulation of those encoding N uptake. This has the potential to enhance C and Si export to the deep sea when P is limited but phosphonate is available. In sum, our study documented how P. tricornutum could utilize the herbicide glyphosate as P nutrient and how glyphosate utilization may affect the element content and stoichiometry in this diatom, which have important ecological implications in the future ocean.IMPORTANCEGlyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world and could be utilized as phosphorus (P) source by some bacteria. Our study first revealed that glyphosate could be transported into Phaeodactylum tricornutum cells for utilization and identified putative genes responsible for glyphosate uptake. This uncovers an alternative strategy of phytoplankton to cope with P deficiency considering phosphonate accounts for about 25% of the total dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) in the ocean. Additionally, accumulation of carbon (C) and silicon (Si), as well as elevation of Si:C ratio in P. tricornutum cells when grown on glyphosate indicates glyphosate as the source of P nutrient has the potential to result in more C and Si export into the deep ocean. This, along with the differential ability to utilize glyphosate among different species, glyphosate supply in dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP)-depleted ecosystems may cause changes in phytoplankton community structure. These insights have implications in evaluating the effects of human activities (use of Roundup) and climate change (potentially reducing DIP supply in sunlit layer) on phytoplankton in the future ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiashun Li
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Sihan Li
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, USA
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10
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Bayramova E, Petrova D, Marchenkov A, Morozov A, Galachyants Y, Zakharova Y, Bedoshvili Y, Likhoshway Y. Differential Expression of Stress Adaptation Genes in a Diatom Ulnaria acus under Different Culture Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2314. [PMID: 38396992 PMCID: PMC10888605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are a group of unicellular eukaryotes that are essential primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. The dynamic nature of their habitat necessitates a quick and specific response to various stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms of their physiological adaptations are still underexplored. In this work, we study the response of the cosmopolitan freshwater diatom Ulnaria acus (Bacillariophyceae, Fragilariophycidae, Licmophorales, Ulnariaceae, Ulnaria) in relation to a range of stress factors, namely silica deficiency, prolonged cultivation, and interaction with an algicidal bacterium. Fluorescent staining and light microscopy were used to determine the physiological state of cells under these stresses. To explore molecular reactions, we studied the genes involved in the stress response-type III metacaspase (MC), metacaspase-like proteases (MCP), death-specific protein (DSP), delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (ALDH12), and glutathione synthetase (GSHS). We have described the structure of these genes, analyzed the predicted amino acid sequences, and measured their expression dynamics in vitro using qRT-PCR. We demonstrated that the expression of UaMC1, UaMC3, and UaDSP increased during the first five days of silicon starvation. On the seventh day, it was replaced with the expression of UaMC2, UaGSHS, and UaALDH. After 45 days of culture, cells stopped growing, and the expression of UaMC1, UaMC2, UaGSHS, and UaDSP increased. Exposure to an algicidal bacterial filtrate induced a higher expression of UaMC1 and UaGSHS. Thus, we can conclude that these proteins are involved in diatoms' adaptions to environmental changes. Further, these data show that the molecular adaptation mechanisms in diatoms depend on the nature and exposure duration of a stress factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yekaterina Bedoshvili
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (E.B.); (D.P.); (A.M.); (A.M.); (Y.G.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
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11
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Wang H, Liu M, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Wang Q, Gu Y, Song X, Li Y, Ye Y, Wang F, Chen X, Wang Z. Foliar spraying of Zn/Si affects Cd accumulation in paddy grains by regulating the remobilization and transport of Cd in vegetative organs. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 207:108351. [PMID: 38217926 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The reduction of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice grains through biofortification of essential nutrients like zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) is an area of study that has gained significant attention. However, there is limited understanding of the mechanism of Zn/Si interaction on Cd accumulation and remobilization in rice plants. This work used a pot experiment to examine the effects of Zn and Si applied singly or in combination on the physiological metabolism of Cd in different rice organs under Cd stress. The results revealed that: Zn/Si application led to a significant decrease in root Cd concentration and reduce the value of Tf Soil-Root in filling stage. The content of phytochelatin (PCs, particularly PC2) and glutathione (GSH) in roots, top and basal nodes were increased with Zn/Si treatment application. Furthermore, Zn/Si treatment promoted the distribution of Cd in cell wall during Cd stress. These findings suggest that Zn/Si application facilitates the compartmentalization of Cd within subcellular structures and enhances PCs production in vegetative organs, thereby reducing Cd remobilization. Zn/Si treatment upregulated the metabolism of amino acid components involved in osmotic regulation, secondary metabolite synthesis, and plant chelating peptide synthesis in vegetative organs. Additionally, it significantly decreased the accumulation of Cd in globulin, albumin, and glutelin, resulting in an average reduction of 50.87% in Cd concentration in milled rice. These results indicate that Zn/Si nutrition plays a crucial role in mitigating heavy metal stress and improving the nutritional quality of rice by regulating protein composition and coordinating amino acid metabolism balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicong Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Mingsong Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Qin Jiang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Qingping Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Yuqin Gu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Xinping Song
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Yuxiu Ye
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, PR China
| | - Feibing Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, PR China
| | - Xinhong Chen
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, PR China
| | - Zunxin Wang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Green and Low Carbon Production Technology Engineering Research Center, PR China.
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12
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Xu X, Sun SK, Zhang W, Tang Z, Zhao FJ. Editing Silicon Transporter Genes to Reduce Arsenic Accumulation in Rice. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:1976-1985. [PMID: 38232111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Rice is a dominant source of inorganic arsenic (As) exposure for populations consuming rice as a staple food. Decreasing As accumulation in rice grain is important for improving food safety. Arsenite [As(III)], the main form of As in paddy soil porewater, is taken up inadvertently by OsLsi1 and OsLsi2, the two key transporters for silicon (Si) uptake in rice roots. Here, we investigated whether editing OsLsi1 or OsLsi2 can decrease As accumulation in rice grain without compromising grain yield. We used the CRISPR-Cas9 technology to edit the promoter region of OsLsi1 and the C-terminal coding sequence of OsLsi1 and OsLsi2, and we generated a total of 27 mutants. Uptake and accumulation of Si and As were evaluated in both short-term hydroponic experiments and in a paddy field. Deletion of 1.2-2 kb of the OsLsi1 promoter suppressed OsLsi1 expression in roots and Si uptake markedly and did not affect As(III) uptake or grain As concentration. Some of the OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 coding sequence mutants showed large decreases in the uptake of Si and As(III) as well as large decreases in Si accumulation in rice husks. However, only OsLsi2 mutants showed significant decreases (by up to 63%) in the grain total As concentration. Editing OsLsi2 mainly affected the accumulation of inorganic As in rice grain with little effect on the accumulation of dimethylarsenate (DMA). Grain yields of the OsLsi2 mutants were comparable to those of the wild type. Editing OsLsi2 provides a promising way to reduce As accumulation in rice grain without compromising the grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Sheng-Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Zhu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
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13
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Pritchard A, Nielsen BD. Silicon Supplementation for Bone Health: An Umbrella Review Attempting to Translate from Animals to Humans. Nutrients 2024; 16:339. [PMID: 38337624 PMCID: PMC10857027 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have attempted to demonstrate the benefits of silicon on bone health using a wide range of Si amounts-provided in the diet or through supplementation-and several different animal species. Previous studies in humans have also demonstrated a positive correlation between Si intake and bone health measures. The aim of the current review is to determine the effective levels of Si intake or supplementation that influence bone health to better inform future study designs and guidelines. Articles were identified using one of two search terms: "silicon AND bone" or "sodium zeolite A AND bone". Articles were included if the article was a controlled research study on the effect of Si on bone health and/or mineral metabolism and was in English. Articles were excluded if the article included human subjects, was in vitro, or studied silica grafts for bone injuries. Silicon type, group name, Si intake from diet, Si supplementation amount, animal, and age at the start were extracted when available. Dietary Si intake, Si supplementation amount, and the amount of Si standardized on a kg BW basis were calculated and presented as overall mean ± standard deviations, medians, minimums, and maximums. Studies that left out animal weights, amount of food or water consumed, or nutrient profiles of the basal diet were excluded from these calculations. Standardized Si intakes ranged from 0.003 to 863 mg/kg BW, at times vastly exceeding current human Si intake recommendations (25 mg/d). The lack of data provided by the literature made definitively determining an effective threshold of supplementation for skeletal health difficult. However, it appears that Si consistently positively influences bone and mineral metabolism by around 139 mg Si/kg BW/d, which is likely unfeasible to attain in humans and large animal species. Future studies should examine this proposed threshold more directly and standardize supplemental or dietary Si intakes to kg BW for better study replication and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Pritchard
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Regulatory and Nutritional Compliance, Mars Petcare, Franklin, TN 37067, USA
| | - Brian D. Nielsen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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Yang M, Chen S, Chao K, Ji C, Shi Y. Effects of nano silicon fertilizer on the lodging resistance characteristics of wheat basal second stem node. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:54. [PMID: 38238669 PMCID: PMC10795224 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The application of nano fertilizers is one of the hotspots in current agricultural production. In this study, nano silicon materials were mixed with compound fertilizers to make nano silicon fertilizer. The effects of different amounts of nano silicon application on the breaking-resistance strength, lodging-resistance index, lignin accumulation, lignin synthesis related enzymes, and the relative expression of lignin synthesis related genes in the second stem node of wheat were mainly studied. Four treatments were set up: CK (750 kg·ha-1 compound fertilizer), T1 (750 kg·ha-1 compound fertilizer + 0.9 kg·ha-1 nano silicon), T2 (750 kg·ha-1 compound fertilizer + 1.8 kg·ha-1 nano silicon), T3 (750 kg·ha-1 compound fertilizer + 2.7 kg·ha-1 nano silicon). The results of the two-year experiment showed that the breaking-resistance strength, lodging-resistance index, lignin accumulation in the second stem node of wheat treated with nano silicon fertilizer were higher than CK. In the first year of the experiment, the lignin accumulation of T2 was 130.73%, 5.14% and 7.25% higher than that of CK, T1 and T3 respectively at the maturity stage. In the second year of the experiment, the lignin accumulation of T2 was 20.33%, 11.19% and 9.89% higher than that of CK, T1 and T3 respectively at the maturity stage. And the activities of PAL, 4CL, CAD, and related gene expression levels were also higher than CK. And among them, T2 performed the best, indicating that the application of nano silicon fertilizer is beneficial for improving the lodging resistance of wheat stems and is of great significance for improving the quality of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Dryland-technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Dryland-technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Kui Chao
- Dryland-technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Cexun Ji
- Dryland-technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Dryland-technology Key Laboratory of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Shah T, Khan H, Ali A, Khan Z, Alsahli AA, Dewil R, Ahmad P. Silicon and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate chromium toxicity in Brassica rapa by regulating Cr uptake, antioxidant defense expression, the glyoxalase system, and secondary metabolites. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 206:108286. [PMID: 38169223 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The potential contribution of silicon (Si) (300 mg kg-1 potash silica) or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Rhizophagus irregularis) to reduce chromium toxicity (Cr; 0 and 300 mg kg-1) in Brassica rapa was examined in this work. Under Cr stress, Si and AMF were used separately and in combination (no Si, or AMF, Si, AMF, and Si + AMF). Brassica rapa growth, colonization, photosynthesis, and physio-biochemical characteristics decreased under Cr stress. Oxidative stress was a side effect of Cr stress and was associated with high levels of methylglyoxal (MG), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and maximum lipoxygenase activity (LOX). On the other hand, quantitative real-time PCR analyses of gene expression showed that under Cr stress, the expression of genes for secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzymes was higher than that under the control. The co-application of Si and AMF activated the plant defense system by improving the antioxidative enzymes activities, the potassium citrate and glutathione pool, the glyoxalase system, metabolites, and genes encoding these enzymes under Cr stress. Under the influence of Cr stress, oxidative stress was reduced by the coordinated control of the antioxidant and glyoxalase systems. However, the restricted Cr uptake and root and shoot accumulation of Si and AMF co-applied to only Cr-stressed plants was more significant. In summary, Si and AMF applied together successfully counteract the deleterious effects of Cr stress and restore growth and physio-biochemical characteristics. As a result, the beneficial effects of the combined Si and AMF application may be attributed to mycorrhizae-mediated enhanced Si absorption and metal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Shah
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Hamad Khan
- Institute of Cotton Research by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan-455000, PR China
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Khan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raf Dewil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Engineering Science, Univeristy of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama-192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Xu R, Huang J, Guo H, Wang C, Zhan H. Functions of silicon and phytolith in higher plants. Plant Signal Behav 2023; 18:2198848. [PMID: 37031433 PMCID: PMC10085572 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2198848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is abundant in the lithosphere, and previous studies have confirmed that silicon plays an important role in plant growth. Higher plants absorb soluble silicon from soil through roots which is deposited in plant tissues mainly in the form of phytoliths. Based on previous studies, the research progress in silicon and phytoliths in the structural protection, enhancement on photosynthesis and transpiration of plants and plant growth and stress resistance was reviewed. Meanwhile, gaps in phytolith research, including phytolith morphology and function, impact of diverse environmental factors coupling with phytoliths, phytolith characteristics at different stages of plant development and phytoliths in regional vegetation are identified. The paper intends to promote the wider application of phytolith research findings and provides reference for further research on phytoliths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Key Laboratory for Sympodial Bamboo Research, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity/College of Biodiversity and Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - Changming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sympodial Bamboo Research, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Changming Wang Key Laboratory for Sympodial Bamboo Research, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Sympodial Bamboo Research, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Team of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- CONTACT Hui Zhan
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Adhikari A, Aneefi AG, Sisuvanh H, Singkham S, Pius MV, Akter F, Kwon EH, Kang SM, Woo YJ, Yun BW, Lee IJ. Dynamics of Humic Acid, Silicon, and Biochar under Heavy Metal, Drought, and Salinity with Special Reference to Phytohormones, Antioxidants, and Melatonin Synthesis in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17369. [PMID: 38139197 PMCID: PMC10743973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a biostimulant formulation using humic acid (HA), silicon, and biochar alone or in combination to alleviate the lethality induced by combined heavy metals (HM-C; As, Cd, and Pb), drought stress (DS; 30-40% soil moisture), and salt stress (SS; 150 mM NaCl) in rice. The results showed that HA, Si, and biochar application alone or in combination improved plant growth under normal, DS, and SS conditions significantly. However, HA increased the lethality of rice by increasing the As, Cd, and Pb uptake significantly, thereby elevating lipid peroxidation. Co-application reduced abscisic acid, elevated salicylic acid, and optimized the Ca2+ and Si uptake. This subsequently elevated the K+/Na+ influx and efflux by regulating the metal ion regulators (Si: Lsi1 and Lsi2; K+/Na+: OsNHX1) and increased the expressions of the stress-response genes OsMTP1 and OsNramp in the rice shoots. Melatonin synthesis was significantly elevated by HM-C (130%), which was reduced by 50% with the HA + Si + biochar treatment. However, in the SS- and DS-induced crops, the melatonin content showed only minor differences. These findings suggest that the biostimulant formulation could be used to mitigate SS and DS, and precautions should be taken when using HA for heavy metal detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (A.A.); (A.G.A.); (H.S.); (S.S.); (M.V.P.); (F.A.); (E.-H.K.); (S.-M.K.); (Y.-J.W.); (B.-W.Y.)
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Hussain B, Riaz L, Li K, Hayat K, Akbar N, Hadeed MZ, Zhu B, Pu S. Abiogenic silicon: Interaction with potentially toxic elements and its ecological significance in soil and plant systems. Environ Pollut 2023; 338:122689. [PMID: 37804901 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Abiogenic silicon (Si), though deemed a quasi-nutrient, remains largely inaccessible to plants due to its prevalence within mineral ores. Nevertheless, the influence of Si extends across a spectrum of pivotal plant processes. Si emerges as a versatile boon for plants, conferring a plethora of advantages. Notably, it engenders substantial enhancements in biomass, yield, and overall plant developmental attributes. Beyond these effects, Si augments the activities of vital antioxidant enzymes, encompassing glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD), among others. It achieves through the augmentation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging gene expression, thus curbing the injurious impact of free radicals. In addition to its effects on plants, Si profoundly ameliorates soil health indicators. Si tangibly enhances soil vitality by elevating soil pH and fostering microbial community proliferation. Furthermore, it exerts inhibitory control over ions that could inflict harm upon delicate plant cells. During interactions within the soil matrix, Si readily forms complexes with potentially toxic metals (PTEs), encapsulating them through Si-PTEs interactions, precipitative mechanisms, and integration within colloidal Si and mineral strata. The amalgamation of Si with other soil amendments, such as biochar, nanoparticles, zeolites, and composts, extends its capacity to thwart PTEs. This synergistic approach enhances soil organic matter content and bolsters overall soil quality parameters. The utilization of Si-based fertilizers and nanomaterials holds promise for further increasing food production and fortifying global food security. Besides, gaps in our scientific discourse persist concerning Si speciation and fractionation within soils, as well as its intricate interplay with PTEs. Nonetheless, future investigations must delve into the precise functions of abiogenic Si within the physiological and biochemical realms of both soil and plants, especially at the critical juncture of the soil-plant interface. This review seeks to comprehensively address the multifaceted roles of Si in plant and soil systems during interactions with PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Luqman Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University Murree, 47150, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Kun Li
- Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu, 610081, Sichuan, China
| | - Kashif Hayat
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Naveed Akbar
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | | | - Bowei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Shengyan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China.
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Lai M, Ghouri F, Sarwar S, Alomrani SO, Riaz M, Haider FU, Liu J, Imran M, Ali S, Liu X, Shahid MQ. Modulation of metal transporters, oxidative stress and cell abnormalities by synergistic application of silicon and titanium oxide nanoparticles: A strategy for cadmium tolerance in rice. Chemosphere 2023; 345:140439. [PMID: 37838027 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals, especially cadmium (Cd), cause severe toxicity symptoms in crop plants. Applying nanoparticles (NPs) as nano-fertilizers is a novel approach to mitigating plants' Cd stress. However, knowledge about the combinational use of silicon (Si) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs to mitigate Cd stress, especially in rice, must be highlighted. TiO2-NPs (15 mg L-1) and Si-NPs (2.5 mM) were applied alone and in combination to rice plants grown without (control; no Cd stress) and with (100 μM) Cd concentration. Results revealed that compared to the control plants, root length, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, and root dry weight of rice seedlings were significantly decreased by 25.43%, 26.64%, 34.13%, and 29.87% under Cd exposure. However, the synergistic effect of TiO2- and Si-NPs increased rice plants' shoot length, root length, root dry weight, and shoot fresh weight by 24.62%, 29.81%, 36.16%, and 33.07%, respectively, under the Cd-toxicity. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 were amplified due to Cd stress, which leads to damage to the subcellular structures. Si and TiO2-NPs co-application improved the anti-oxidative enzymatic activities (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and an elevated concentration of non-enzymatic glutathione in Cd-exposed rice. The Cd accumulation was condensed by 21.37% and 19.7% in the shoot, while 48.31% and 45.65% in root tissues under Si-NPs + Cd and TiO2-NPs + Cd treatments compared to Cd-alone treated seedlings, respectively. The expression patterns of metal transporters, such as OsNramp1 and OsHMA3, were the highest when rice plants were cultivated under Cd stress and significantly reduced when treated with sole and combined Si- and TiO2-NPs treatments. In conclusion, combining Si- and TiO2-NPs significantly improved the antioxidant enzymatic activities, chlorophyll contents, biomass production, and reduced cellular damage. Despite limitations, our findings guide future research, addressing risks, optimizing concentrations, and assessing long-term effects that can balance agricultural progress with environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Lai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fozia Ghouri
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Samreen Sarwar
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Owdah Alomrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran 66252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Muhammad Qasim Shahid
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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20
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Bryłka K, Pinseel E, Roberts WR, Ruck EC, Conley DJ, Alverson AJ. Gene Duplication, Shifting Selection, and Dosage Balance of Silicon Transporter Proteins in Marine and Freshwater Diatoms. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad212. [PMID: 37996067 PMCID: PMC10700740 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous factors shape the evolution of protein-coding genes, including shifts in the strength or type of selection following gene duplications or changes in the environment. Diatoms and other silicifying organisms use a family of silicon transporters (SITs) to import dissolved silicon from the environment. Freshwaters contain higher silicon levels than oceans, and marine diatoms have more efficient uptake kinetics and less silicon in their cell walls, making them better competitors for a scarce resource. We compiled SITs from 37 diatom genomes to characterize shifts in selection following gene duplications and marine-freshwater transitions. A deep gene duplication, which coincided with a whole-genome duplication, gave rise to two gene lineages. One of them (SIT1-2) is present in multiple copies in most species and is known to actively import silicon. These SITs have evolved under strong purifying selection that was relaxed in freshwater taxa. Episodic diversifying selection was detected but not associated with gene duplications or habitat shifts. In contrast, genes in the second SIT lineage (SIT3) were present in just half the species, the result of multiple losses. Despite conservation of SIT3 in some lineages for the past 90-100 million years, repeated losses, relaxed selection, and low expression highlighted the dispensability of SIT3, consistent with a model of deterioration and eventual loss due to relaxed selection on SIT3 expression. The extensive but relatively balanced history of duplications and losses, together with paralog-specific expression patterns, suggest diatoms continuously balance gene dosage and expression dynamics to optimize silicon transport across major environmental gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eveline Pinseel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Wade R Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Ruck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Alverson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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21
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Celayir T, Yeni O, Yeşildirek YV, Arıkan B, Kara NT. Molecular Effects of Silicon on Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings under UV-B Stress. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:1393-1399. [PMID: 36719080 DOI: 10.1111/php.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-plant interaction studies have shown that silicon reduces the harmful effects of stress in plants. Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, one of the abiotic stress affecting plants, poses a severe problem due to global warming. In this context, it is crucial to examine silicon's effects on UV-B radiation stress at the molecular level. The experiments were carried out on 17 days old Arabidopsis seedlings that were treated with 800 μWatt cm-2 doses of UV-B for 60 min and harvested on the 28th day. 1 mM orthosilicic acid was applied to the in vitro plant tissue culture for experimental groups. According to the results of the osmolyte accumulation analyses, silicon has been shown to play a role in the osmotic stress response. Gene expression levels of DGK2, CHS, FLC, RAD51, and UVR8 were measured via qPCR, and it has been shown that silicon interacts with these genes under UV-B radiation stress. The result of genomic DNA methylation analysis demonstrated that silicon might affect DNA methylation levels by increasing the 5-mC percentage compared with the control group. This study focused on the molecular effects of silicon application. It supports silicon-plant interaction research by demonstrating that silicon might affect UV-B response at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Celayir
- Institute of Science, Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Yeni
- Institute of Science, Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Vecide Yeşildirek
- Institute of Science, Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Arıkan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Turgut Kara
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Mitani-Ueno N, Yamaji N, Huang S, Yoshioka Y, Miyaji T, Ma JF. A silicon transporter gene required for healthy growth of rice on land. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6522. [PMID: 37857615 PMCID: PMC10587147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is the most abundant mineral element in the earth's crust. Some plants actively accumulate Si as amorphous silica (phytoliths), which can protect plants from stresses. Here, we report a gene (SIET4) that is required for the proper accumulation and cell-specific deposition of Si in rice and show that it is essential for normal growth. SIET4 is constitutively expressed in leaves and encodes a Si transporter. SlET4 polarly localizes at the distal side of epidermal cells and cells surrounding the bulliform cells (motor cells) of the leaf blade, where Si is deposited. Knockout of SIET4 leads to the death of rice in the presence but not absence of Si. Further analysis shows that SIET4 knockout induces abnormal Si deposition in mesophyll cells and the induction of hundreds of genes related to various stress responses. These results indicate that SIET4 is required for the proper export of Si from leaf cells to the leaf surface and for the healthy growth of rice on land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namiki Mitani-Ueno
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Sheng Huang
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yuma Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 1-1-1, Kita Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takaaki Miyaji
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 1-1-1, Kita Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Genomics & Proteomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Tsushima Naka 1-1-1, Kita Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan.
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23
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Sharma S, Rai P, Prakash V, Tripathi S, Tiwari K, Gahlawat N, Tripathi DK, Sharma S. Ameliorative effects of Si-SNP synergy to mitigate chromium induced stress in Brassica juncea. Environ Pollut 2023; 335:122031. [PMID: 37419203 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaccumulation of heavy metal in agricultural land has hampered yield of important crops globally. It has consequently deepened concerns regarding the burning issue of food security in the world. Among heavy metals, Chromium (Cr) is not needed for plant growth and found to pose detrimental effects on plants. Present study highlights the role of exogenous application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, exogenous donor of NO) and silicon (Si) in alleviating detrimental ramification of Cr toxicity in Brassica juncea. The exposure of B. juncea to Cr (100 μM) under hydroponic system hampered the morphological parameters of plant growth like length and biomass and physiological parameters like carotenoid and chlorophyll contents. It also resulted in oxidative stress by disrupting the equilibrium between ROS production and antioxidant quenching leading to accumulation of ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2•‾) radicle which causes lipid peroxidation. However, application of Si and SNP both individually and in combination counteracted oxidative stress due to Cr by regulating ROS accumulation and enhancing antioxidant metabolism by upregulation of antioxidant genes of DHAR, MDHAR, APX and GR. As the alleviatory effects were more pronounced in plants treated with combined application of Si and SNP; therefore, our findings suggest that dual application of these two alleviators can be used to mitigate Cr stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India
| | - Padmaja Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India
| | - Ved Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India
| | - Sneha Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India
| | - Kavita Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India
| | | | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India.
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24
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Zhao S, Kamran M, Rizwan M, Ali S, Yan L, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS, Riaz M. Regulation of proline metabolism, AsA-GSH cycle, cadmium uptake and subcellular distribution in Brassica napus L. under the effect of nano-silicon. Environ Pollut 2023; 335:122321. [PMID: 37544403 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is known to have detrimental effects on plant growth and human health. Recent studies showed that silicon nanoparticles (SNPs) can decrease Cd toxicity in plants. Therefore, a study was conducted using 50 μM Cd and 1.50 mM SNPs to investigate Cd uptake, subcellular distribution, proline (Pro) metabolism, and the antioxidant defense system in rapeseed seedlings. In this study, results indicated that Cd stress negatively affected rapeseed growth, and high Cd contents accumulated in both shoots and roots. However, SNPs significantly decreased Cd contents in shoots and roots. Moreover, substantial increases were found in root fresh weight by 40.6% and dry weight by 46.6%, as well as shoot fresh weight by 60.1% and dry weight by 113.7% with the addition of SNPs. Furthermore, the addition of SNPs alleviated oxidative injury by maintaining the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and increased Pro biosynthesis which could be due to high activities of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) and reductase (P5CR) and decreased proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) activity. Furthermore, the addition of SNPs accumulated Cd in the soluble fraction (42%) and cell wall (45%). Results indicate that SNPs effectively reduce Cd toxicity in rapeseed seedlings which may be effective in promoting both rapeseed productivity and human health preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Zhao
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Center for Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Agricultural Producing Areas, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Muhamamd Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Lei Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China
| | - Mona S Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Center for Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Agricultural Producing Areas, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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25
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Thakral V, Sharma Y, Mandlik R, Kumawat S, Patil G, Sonah H, Isenring P, Bélanger R, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Identification of VrNIP2-1 aquaporin with novel selective filter regulating the transport of beneficial as well as hazardous metalloids in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 203:108057. [PMID: 37793194 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein (NIP) subfamily of aquaporins (AQPs) in plants, is known to be involved in the uptake of metalloids including boron, germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), and silicon (Si). In the present study, a thorough evaluation of 55 AQPs found in the mungbean genome, including phylogenetic distribution, sequence homology, expression profiling, and structural characterization, contributed to the identification of VrNIP2-1 as a metalloid transporter. The pore-morphology of VrNIP2-1 was studied using molecular dynamics simulation. Interestingly, VrNIP2-1 was found to harbor an aromatic/arginine (ar/R) selectivity filter formed with ASGR amino acids instead of GSGR systematically reported in metalloid transporters (NIP2s) in higher plants. Evaluation of diverse cultivars showed a high level of Si accumulation in leaves indicating functional Si transport in mungbean. In addition, heterologous expression of VrNIP2-1 in yeast revealed As(III) and GeO2 transport activity. Similarly, VrNIP2-1 expression in Xenopus oocytes confirmed its Si transport ability. The metalloid transport activity with unique structural features will be helpful to better understand the solute specificity of NIP2s in mungbean and related pulses. The information provided here will also serve as a basis to improve Si uptake while restricting hazardous metalloids like As in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Thakral
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendragarh, Haryana, India; National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendragarh, Haryana, India
| | - Surbhi Kumawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gunvant Patil
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Humira Sonah
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendragarh, Haryana, India
| | - Paul Isenring
- Nephrology Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Institution, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Bélanger
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendragarh, Haryana, India.
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26
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Khan RAA, Alam SS, Najeeb S, Ali A, Ahmad A, Shakoor A, Tong L. Mitigating Cd and bacterial wilt stress in tomato plants through trico-synthesized silicon nanoparticles and Trichoderma metabolites. Environ Pollut 2023; 333:122041. [PMID: 37343915 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
There has been a growing apprehension in recent years about the harmful effects of environmental pollutants on agricultural output, encompassing both living organisms and non-living factors that cause stress. In this study, the soil application of bulk silicon (Si), silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) and Trichoderma metabolites (TM) were investigated alone or in combination for the management of an important abiotic stress i.e. Cd toxicity and biotic stress i.e. bacterial wilt (BW) in tomato plants. SiNPs were synthesized by Trichoderma and confirmed through XRD, FTIR, and Ranman spectrum analysis. Results showed that Si, SiNPs and TM were all effective treatments. The combine treatment of SiNPs and TM followed by SiNPs alone were superior over other treatments in mitigating Cd toxicity and reducing BW disease on tomato plants. The soil application of these treatments reduced the Cd toxicity by enhancing Cd-tolerance index, decreasing bioavailability of soil Cd, reducing Cd contents and translocation in plants, improving gaseous exchange, photosynthesis, and increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities and their transcriptions. These treatments significantly suppressed BW pathogen leading to the significant decrease in disease index and severity on plants. In vitro evaluation and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis revealed that SiNPs and TM significantly disrupted the cellular morphology of BW pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Findings of this study proposes the possible use of SiNPs and TM in mitigating the Cd and BW stress in tomato plants and possibly in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Asad Ali Khan
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Syed Sartaj Alam
- Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Saba Najeeb
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Liu Tong
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, 570228, China.
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27
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Thorne SJ, Maathuis FJM, Hartley SE. Induction of silicon defences in wheat landraces is local, not systemic, and driven by mobilization of soluble silicon to damaged leaves. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:5363-5373. [PMID: 37314063 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In response to herbivory, many grasses, including crops such as wheat, accumulate significant levels of silicon (Si) as an antiherbivore defence. Damage-induced increases in Si can be localized in damaged leaves or be more systemic, but the mechanisms leading to these differences in Si distribution remain untested. Ten genetically diverse wheat landraces (Triticum aestivum) were used to assess genotypic variation in Si induction in response to mechanical damage and how this was affected by exogenous Si supply. Total and soluble Si levels were measured in damaged and undamaged leaves as well as in the phloem to test how Si was allocated to different parts of the plant after damage. Localized, but not systemic, induction of Si defences occurred, and was more pronounced when plants had supplemental Si. Damaged plants had significant increases in Si concentration in their damaged leaves, while the Si concentration in undamaged leaves decreased, such that there was no difference in the average Si concentration of damaged and undamaged plants. The increased Si in damaged leaves was due to the redirection of soluble Si, present in the phloem, from undamaged to damaged plant parts, potentially a more cost-effective defence mechanism for plants than increased Si uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Thorne
- Plants, Photosynthesis, and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Susan E Hartley
- Plants, Photosynthesis, and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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28
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Ijaz U, Ahmed T, Rizwan M, Noman M, Shah AA, Azeem F, Alharby HF, Bamagoos AA, Alharbi BM, Ali S. Rice straw based silicon nanoparticles improve morphological and nutrient profile of rice plants under salinity stress by triggering physiological and genetic repair mechanisms. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 201:107788. [PMID: 37302256 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural sector is facing numerous challenges worldwide, owing to global climate change and limited resources. Crop production is limited by numerous abiotic constraints. Among them, salinity stress as a combination of osmotic and ionic stress adversely influences the physiological and biochemical processes of the plant. Nanotechnology facilitates the production of crops either directly by eradicating the losses due to challenging environmental conditions or indirectly by improving tolerance against salinity stress. In this study, the protective role of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) was determined in two rice genotypes, N-22 and Super-Bas, differing in salinity tolerance. The SiNPs were confirmed through standard material characterization techniques, which showed the production of spherical-shaped crystalline SiNPs with a size in the range of 14.98-23.74 nm, respectively. Salinity stress adversely affected the morphological and physiological parameters of both varieties, with Super-Bas being more affected. Salt stress disturbed the ionic balance by minimizing the uptake of K+ and Ca2+ contents and increased the uptake of Na+ in plants. Exogenous SiNPs alleviated the toxic effects of salt stress and promoted the growth of both N-22 and Super-Bas, chlorophyll contents (16% and 13%), carotenoids (15% and 11%), total soluble protein contents (21% and 18%), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Expression analysis from quantitative real-time PCR showed that SiNPs relieved plants from oxidative bursts by triggering the expression of HKT genes. Overall, these findings demonstrate that SiNPs significantly alleviated salinity stress by triggering physiological and genetic repair mechanisms, offering a potential solution for food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ijaz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabd, Pakistan
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Noman
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabd, Pakistan.
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Plant Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Atif A Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M Alharbi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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29
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Jiang D, Xu H, Zhang Y, Chen G. Silicon mediated redox homeostasis in the root-apex transition zone of rice plays a key role in aluminum tolerance. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 201:107871. [PMID: 37393859 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The supply of silicon (Si) mitigates the aluminum (Al) toxicity on plant root growth, while the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Transition zone (TZ) emerges as the Al-toxicity target of plant root apex. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Si on redox homeostasis in root-apex TZ of rice seedlings under Al stress. Si alleviated Al toxicity as revealed by promotion of root elongation and less Al accumulation. In Si-deprived plants, treatment with Al altered the normal distribution of superoxide anion (O2·-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in root tip. Al induced a significant increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in root-apex TZ, resulting in the peroxidation of membrane lipid and loss of plasma membrane integrity in root-apex TZ. However, Si greatly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and enzymes involved in ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle in root-apex TZ under Al stress, and enhanced AsA and GSH contents, which reduced ROS and callose contents, thereby reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content and Evans blue uptake. These results allow to precise the changes of ROS in root-apex TZ after exposure to Al, and the positive role of Si in maintaining redox balance in root-apex TZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 211222, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guoxiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Konishi N, Mitani-Ueno N, Yamaji N, Ma JF. Polar localization of a rice silicon transporter requires isoleucine at both C- and N-termini as well as positively charged residues. Plant Cell 2023; 35:2232-2250. [PMID: 36891818 PMCID: PMC10226592 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is important for stable and high yields in rice (Oryza sativa), a typical Si hyperaccumulator. The high Si accumulation is achieved by the cooperation of 2 Si transporters, LOW SILICON 1 (OsLsi1) and OsLsi2, which are polarly localized in cells of the root exodermis and endodermis. However, the mechanism underlying their polar localization is unknown. Here, we identified amino acid residues critical for the polar localization of OsLsi1. Deletion of both N- and C-terminal regions resulted in the loss of its polar localization. Furthermore, the deletion of the C-terminus inhibited its trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Detailed site-directed mutagenesis analysis showed that Ile18 at the N-terminal region and Ile285 at the C-terminal region were essential for the polar localization of OsLsi1. Moreover, a cluster of positively charged residues at the C-terminal region is also required for polar localization. Phosphorylation and Lys modifications of OsLsi1 are unlikely to be involved in its polar localization. Finally, we showed that the polar localization of OsLsi1 is required for the efficient uptake of Si. Our study not only identified critical residues required for the polar localization of OsLsi1, but also provided experimental evidence for the importance of transporter polarity for efficient nutrient uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Konishi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Namiki Mitani-Ueno
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
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Malik MA, Wani AH, Rashid I, Tahir I, Gulzar I, Shameen F, Mir RR, Ahmad T. Do genotypes ameliorate herbivory stress through silicon amendments differently? A case study of wheat. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 196:339-349. [PMID: 36739841 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural productivity relies on plant resistance to insect pests, with silicon (Si) being increasingly recognized as an important anti-herbivore defense. However, the processes by which Si works to counteract the effects of insect injury are not completely understood. The role of Si in mitigating the adverse effects of herbivory has been mostly studied at the species level in various crops, ignoring the sensitivity and variability at the genotypic level. Understanding such variation across genotypes is important because Si-derived benefits are associated with the amount of Si accumulated in the plant. Therefore, the present investigation was pursued to study the effect of different Si concentrations (0, 125, and 250 mg L⁻1) on Si accumulation and plant growth using two wheat genotypes (WW-101 and SW-2) under grasshopper herbivory for 48 h. The higher Si absorption increased the concentration of leaf chlorophyll, carotenoids, soluble sugars, and proteins. Silicon application at higher concentrations increased the dry weight, antioxidant enzyme activity, total phenolics, flavonoids and shoot Si concentration, whereas it decreased the electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels, thereby preventing leaf damage. We infer that the higher Si concentration alleviates the adverse effects of herbivory in wheat by improving the accumulation of secondary metabolites and enhancing the antioxidant defense system. The effects were pronounced in the genotype 'WW-101' compared to 'SW-2' for most of the studied traits, indicating overall stress response to be genotype-dependent. Thus, Si acquisition efficiency of genotypes should be considered while developing efficient crop management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad Malik
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abid Hussain Wani
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Inayatullah Tahir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Iqra Gulzar
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Farhana Shameen
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Deng Q, Liu H, Lu Q, Gangurde SS, Du P, Li H, Li S, Liu H, Wang R, Huang L, Chen R, Fan C, Liang X, Chen X, Hong Y. Silicon Application for the Modulation of Rhizosphere Soil Bacterial Community Structures and Metabolite Profiles in Peanut under Ralstonia solanacearum Inoculation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043268. [PMID: 36834682 PMCID: PMC9960962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has been shown to promote peanut growth and yield, but whether Si can enhance the resistance against peanut bacterial wilt (PBW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, identified as a soil-borne pathogen, is still unclear. A question regarding whether Si enhances the resistance of PBW is still unclear. Here, an in vitro R. solanacearum inoculation experiment was conducted to study the effects of Si application on the disease severity and phenotype of peanuts, as well as the microbial ecology of the rhizosphere. Results revealed that Si treatment significantly reduced the disease rate, with a decrement PBW severity of 37.50% as compared to non-Si treatment. The soil available Si (ASi) significantly increased by 13.62-44.87%, and catalase activity improved by 3.01-3.10%, which displayed obvious discrimination between non-Si and Si treatments. Furthermore, the rhizosphere soil bacterial community structures and metabolite profiles dramatically changed under Si treatment. Three significantly changed bacterial taxa were observed, which showed significant abundance under Si treatment, whereas the genus Ralstonia genus was significantly suppressed by Si. Similarly, nine differential metabolites were identified to involve into unsaturated fatty acids via a biosynthesis pathway. Significant correlations were also displayed between soil physiochemical properties and enzymes, the bacterial community, and the differential metabolites by pairwise comparisons. Overall, this study reports that Si application mediated the evolution of soil physicochemical properties, the bacterial community, and metabolite profiles in the soil rhizosphere, which significantly affects the colonization of the Ralstonia genus and provides a new theoretical basis for Si application in PBW prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanqing Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Sunil S. Gangurde
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 30602, USA
| | - Puxuan Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haifen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shaoxiong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Runfeng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ronghua Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Ganzhou, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chenggen Fan
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Ganzhou, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xuanqiang Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yanbin Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (Y.H.)
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Pan T, Dong Q, Cai Y, Cai K. Silicon-mediated regulation of cadmium transport and activation of antioxidant defense system enhances Pennisetum glaucum resistance to cadmium stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 195:206-213. [PMID: 36641944 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pennisetum glaucum is an important forage grass for livestock. However, the large accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in plant tissues increases the risk of heavy metals entering the food chain in Cd-contaminated soils. Silicon (Si) can inhibit cadmium (Cd) uptake and enhance tolerance of plant to Cd toxicity, but whether and how Si alleviates Cd toxicity in grass and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The present study explored the differential mechanisms of silicon-induced Cd transport in apoplast and symplast, Cd distribution in root tissue and antioxidant defense system in P. glaucum under Cd stress through hydroponic and pot experiments. The present results showed that exogenous Si supply significantly reduced Cd concentrations in apoplast and symplast; Si treatment increased monosilicic acid concentration in apoplast and symplast of the roots and shoots under Cd stress. Elemental analysis of root microdomains showed that Si treatment increased the distribution of Cd and Si in the endodermis by 42.6% and 14.0%, respectively. Si alleviated the adverse influences of Cd on plant growth, which were manifested in root morphological traits and root activity. In addition, Si addition significantly increased the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase by 37.0% and 72.7%, and improved the efficiency of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in Cd-stress shoots. Furthermore, Si significantly reduced the contents of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion in Cd-stressed shoots by 16.6% and 48.7%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that Si enhances the resistance of P. glaucum to Cd stress through regulating Cd transport pathways and activating antioxidant defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taowen Pan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Qiyu Dong
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Yixia Cai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Kunzheng Cai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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Ratcliffe S, Meyer EM, Walker CE, Knight M, McNair HM, Matson PG, Iglesias-Rodriguez D, Brzezinski M, Langer G, Sadekov A, Greaves M, Brownlee C, Curnow P, Taylor AR, Wheeler GL. Characterization of the molecular mechanisms of silicon uptake in coccolithophores. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:315-330. [PMID: 36397254 PMCID: PMC10098502 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coccolithophores are an important group of calcifying marine phytoplankton. Although coccolithophores are not silicified, some species exhibit a requirement for Si in the calcification process. These species also possess a novel protein (SITL) that resembles the SIT family of Si transporters found in diatoms. However, the nature of Si transport in coccolithophores is not yet known, making it difficult to determine the wider role of Si in coccolithophore biology. Here, we show that coccolithophore SITLs act as Na+ -coupled Si transporters when expressed in heterologous systems and exhibit similar characteristics to diatom SITs. We find that CbSITL from Coccolithus braarudii is transcriptionally regulated by Si availability and is expressed in environmental coccolithophore populations. However, the Si requirement of C. braarudii and other coccolithophores is very low, with transport rates of exogenous Si below the level of detection in sensitive assays of Si transport. As coccoliths contain only low levels of Si, we propose that Si acts to support the calcification process, rather than forming a structural component of the coccolith itself. Si is therefore acting as a micronutrient in coccolithophores and natural populations are only likely to experience Si limitation in circumstances where dissolved silicon (DSi) is depleted to extreme levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin M Meyer
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charlotte E Walker
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK
| | - Michael Knight
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Heather M McNair
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology and the Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Paul G Matson
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology and the Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology and the Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Mark Brzezinski
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology and the Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gerald Langer
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK
| | - Aleksey Sadekov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Ocean Graduate School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mervyn Greaves
- The Godwin Laboratory for Palaeoclimate Research, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colin Brownlee
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK
| | - Paul Curnow
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alison R Taylor
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Glen L Wheeler
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK
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Tripathi DK, Rai P, Kandhol N, Kumar A, Sahi S, Corpas FJ, Sharma S, Singh VP. Silicon Palliates Chromium Toxicity through the Formation of Root Hairs in Rice (Oryza sativa) Mediated by GSH and IAA. Plant Cell Physiol 2023; 63:1943-1953. [PMID: 36264202 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Along with the rapidly increasing environmental contamination by heavy metals, the exposure of plants to chromium has also magnified, resulting in a declined productivity. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], the most toxic form of Cr, brings about changes in plant processes at morpho-physiological and biochemical levels. However, silicon (Si) is known to mitigate the impact of abiotic stresses in plants. Here, we demonstrate Si-mediated alleviation of Cr(VI) toxicity and its effects on root hair formation in rice seedlings. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and indole-3 acetic acid (IAA, an important auxin) were assessed for their involvement in root hair formation after the application of Si to Cr(VI)-stressed plants, and our results confirmed their crucial significance in such developmental processes. The expression analysis of genes involved in GSH biosynthesis (OsGS2) and regeneration (OsGR1), and auxin biosynthesis (OsTAA1 and OsYUCCA1) and transport (OsAUX1 and OsPIN1) corroborated their positive role in Si-mediated root hair formation in Cr(VI)-stressed rice seedlings. Moreover, the results indicated that nitric oxide (NO) seems a probable but not fundamental component in Si-mediated formation of roots in rice during exposure to Cr(VI) stress. In this study, the indispensable role of GSH and IAA, redox homeostasis of GSH and IAA biosynthesis and transport are discussed with regard to Si-mediated formation of root hairs in rice under Cr(VI) stress. The results of the study suggest that Si is a protective agent against Cr(VI) stress in rice, and the findings can be used to develop Cr(VI) stress-tolerant varieties of rice with enhanced productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Padmaja Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP 211004, India
| | - Nidhi Kandhol
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Shivendra Sahi
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, University City Campus, 600 S. 43rd St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, Granada 18008, Spain
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP 211004, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
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Iwaniuk P, Kaczyński P, Pietkun M, Łozowicka B. Evaluation of titanium and silicon role in mitigation of fungicides toxicity in wheat expressed at the level of biochemical and antioxidant profile. Chemosphere 2022; 308:136284. [PMID: 36057351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulators are compounds that are gaining attention due to their potential to support plant growth, however, less in known about their impact on plant biochemistry. Therefore, the main goal of this comprehensive study was to evaluate the effect of two inorganic biostimulators (titanium, Ti and silicon, Si) and five fungicides (propiconazole, cyproconazole, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, triadimenol) on biochemical and antioxidant status as well as mycotoxin profile in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Moreover, the half-life of fungicides under the influence of biostimulators was evaluated. Titanium caused most efficient mitigation of fungicide-induced toxicity reflected by greater increase of protein (104.80 mg g-1), carbohydrates (43.70 mg g-1), phenolic compounds (1023.18 μg g-1), and peroxidase activity (0.151 U mg-1) compared to treatment with silicon. The application of spiroketalamine and triazole fungicides with silicon decreased the activity of acid phosphatases (35.70 μM h-1 g-1) while inducing amino acid (861.40 μg kg-1) and catalase activity (1.056 U mg-1). Moreover, silicon was most effective in the reduction of mycotoxin contamination in wheat grain (61.17 μg g-1). This study indicated a shortened dissipation of propiconazole, spiroxamine, tebuconazole and triadimenol under the influence of titanium or silicon (DT50 = 1.85-4.82), which can therefore affect the grace period of wheat. The results of this comprehensive investigation demonstrated that titanium and silicon have a beneficial influence on wheat biochemistry and mitigate fungicide toxicity, which makes them widely suitable for optimizing plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Iwaniuk
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22 Street, 15-195, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22 Street, 15-195, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Pietkun
- Hydratec, Radziwonika 12 Street, 15-166, Białystok, Poland
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22 Street, 15-195, Białystok, Poland
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Waterstradt A, Winker M, Zimmermann-Klemd AM, Devi S, Lederer AK, Huber R, Gründemann C. Silicon Resorption from Equisetum arvense Tea - A Randomized, Three-Armed Pilot Study. Planta Med 2022; 88:1360-1368. [PMID: 34706374 DOI: 10.1055/a-1643-5493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Equisetum arvense tea (TEA) contains high concentrations of silicon and has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory ailments. We examined the resorption of silicon after TEA consumption. Safety and immunological effects were secondary outcomes. A monocentric, randomized, three-armed pilot study was conducted with 12 voluntary, healthy, male subjects. The study is registered in the German register for clinical trials (DRKS-ID: DRKS00016628). After a low silicon diet for 36 hours, 1000 mL TEA1 with approximately 200 000 µg silicon/L, TEA2 with approximately 750 000 µg silicon/L, or Si-low-Water (approximately 10 - 10 000 µg silicon/L as a control) were ingested on three consecutive days. Blood and urine samples were collected at baseline, day 1 examining silicon kinetics, day 3 examining silicon accumulation, and day 8 (safety, immunological parameters). Si-low-Water intake did not change silicon serum (Cmax 294 µg/L) or urine (19 000 µg/24 h) concentrations compared to baseline. Cmax was 2855 µg/L for TEA1 and 2498 µg/L for TEA2; tmax was 60 and 120 min, respectively. Silicon accumulation did not occur. Urine silica within 24 h (E24 h) was higher after TEA2 compared to TEA1 ingestion (142 000 vs. 109 000 µg/24 h). Serum silicon levels at t = 120 min differed significantly after intake of TEA2 or intake of Si-low-Water (p = 0.029). The immunological parameters did not show any significant changes indicating immunosuppressive effects in volunteers. TEA1 was well tolerated, while TEA2 caused diarrhoea in 4 subjects. Our investigations show that intake of TEA1 leads to significant rise in serum silicon concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aljoscha Waterstradt
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Moritz Winker
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amy Marisa Zimmermann-Klemd
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Seema Devi
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Lederer
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Roman Huber
- Centre for Complementary Medicine, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Moreno AR, Anderson C, Kudela RM, Sutula M, Edwards C, Bianchi D. Development, calibration, and evaluation of a model of Pseudo-nitzschia and domoic acid production for regional ocean modeling studies. Harmful Algae 2022; 118:102296. [PMID: 36195423 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pseudo-nitzschia species are one of the leading causes of harmful algal blooms (HABs) along the western coast of the United States. Approximately half of known Pseudo-nitzschia strains can produce domoic acid (DA), a neurotoxin that can negatively impact wildlife and fisheries and put human life at risk through amnesic shellfish poisoning. Production and accumulation of DA, a secondary metabolite synthesized during periods of low primary metabolism, is triggered by environmental stressors such as nutrient limitation. To quantify and estimate the feedbacks between DA production and environmental conditions, we designed a simple mechanistic model of Pseudo-nitzschia and domoic acid dynamics, which we validate against batch and chemostat experiments. Our results suggest that, as nutrients other than nitrogen (i.e., silicon, phosphorus, and potentially iron) become limiting, DA production increases. Under Si limitation, we found an approximate doubling in DA production relative to N limitation. Additionally, our model indicates a positive relationship between light and DA production. These results support the idea that the relationship with nutrient limitation and light is based on direct impacts on Pseudo-nitzschia biosynthesis and biomass accumulation. Because it can easily be embedded within existing coupled physical-ecosystem models, our model represents a step forward toward modeling the occurrence of Pseudo-nitzschia HABs and DA across the U.S. West Coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Moreno
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Department, University of California Los Angeles, Box 951565, Los Angeles 90095-1565, CA, USA.
| | - Clarissa Anderson
- Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raphael M Kudela
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Martha Sutula
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Edwards
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Daniele Bianchi
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Department, University of California Los Angeles, Box 951565, Los Angeles 90095-1565, CA, USA
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Gao H, Wu X, Yang X, Sun M, Xiao Y, Peng F. Silicon inhibits gummosis in peach via ethylene and PpERF-PpPG1 pathway. Plant Sci 2022; 322:111362. [PMID: 35753620 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is abundant in nature, and it has been proved to be beneficial for the healthy growth and development of many plant species, improve plant stress resistance. Gummosis in peach is an invasive disease that causes widespread and serious damage. Mechanical damage and ethylene (ETH) can induce gummosis in peach shoots in the field. In this research, we found that Si as a chemical substance or signal to enhance plant resistance can reduce the synthesis of ETH, thereby inhibiting gummosis in peach. The results showed that Si can decrease the rate of gummosis, reduce the expression level of PpACS1 (1-aminocyclopropane -1-carboxylate synthase gene) and reduce the enzyme activity of polygalacturonase (PG). It was further discovered that Si can regulate the gene expression of PpERF21 and PpERF27. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that PpERF21 and PpERF27, through direct interaction with the promoter of PpPG1, inhibited the transcriptional activation of PpPG1. Overexpression of PpERF21 and PpERF27 effectively reduced fruit colloid production when bacterial cells harbouring the expression vector were used to instantaneously infect peach fruit. These results show that Si can inhibit the synthesis of ETH and mediate PpERF21 and PpERF27 expression to inhibit the expression of PpPG1, thereby inhibiting gummosis in peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaifeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, China
| | - Xuelian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, China
| | - Maoxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, China
| | - Yuansong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, China.
| | - Futian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An 271018, China.
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Gao H, Yu W, Yang X, Liang J, Sun X, Sun M, Xiao Y, Peng F. Silicon enhances the drought resistance of peach seedlings by regulating hormone, amino acid, and sugar metabolism. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:422. [PMID: 36045325 PMCID: PMC9434905 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is one of the main concerns worldwide and restricts the development of agriculture. Silicon improves the drought resistance of plants, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. RESULTS We sequenced the transcriptomes of both control and silicon-treated peach seedlings under drought stress to identify genes or gene networks that could be managed to increase the drought tolerance of peach seedlings. Peach (Prunus persica) seedlings were used to analyse the effects of silicon on plant growth and physiological indexes related to drought resistance under drought stress. The results showed that silicon addition improved the water use efficiency, antioxidant capacity, and net photosynthetic rate, inhibition of stomatal closure, promoted the development of roots, and further regulated the synthesis of hormones, amino acids and sugars in peach seedlings. A comparative transcriptome analysis identified a total of 2275 genes that respond to silicon under drought stress. These genes were mainly involved in ion transport, hormone and signal transduction, biosynthetic and metabolic processes, stress and defence responses and other processes. We analysed the effects of silicon on the modulation of stress-related hormonal crosstalk and amino acid and sugar metabolism. The results showed that silicon promotes zeatin, gibberellin, and auxin biosynthesis, inhibits the synthesis of abscisic acid, then promote lateral root development and inhibit stomatal closure, and regulates the signal transduction of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin and salicylic acid. Silicon also regulates the metabolism of various amino acids and promotes the accumulation of sucrose and glucose to improve drought resistance of peach seedlings. CONCLUSIONS Silicon enhanced the drought resistance of peach seedlings by regulating stress-related hormone synthesis and signal transduction, and regulating amino acid and sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaifeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Xiwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Maoxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China
| | - Yuansong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China.
| | - Futian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, China.
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Rivai RR, Miyamoto T, Awano T, Yoshinaga A, Chen S, Sugiyama J, Tobimatsu Y, Umezawa T, Kobayashi M. Limiting silicon supply alters lignin content and structures of sorghum seedling cell walls. Plant Sci 2022; 321:111325. [PMID: 35696925 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum has been recognized as a promising energy crop. The composition and structure of lignin in the cell wall are important factors that affect the quality of plant biomass as a bioenergy feedstock. Silicon (Si) supply may affect the lignin content and structure, as both Si and lignin are possibly involved in plant mechanical strength. However, our understanding regarding the interaction between Si and lignin in sorghum is limited. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the lignin in the cell walls of sorghum seedlings cultured hydroponically with or without Si supplementation. Limiting the Si supply significantly increased the thioglycolic acid lignin content and thioacidolysis-derived syringyl/guaiacyl monomer ratio. At least part of the modification may be attributable to the change in gene expression, as suggested by the upregulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis-related genes under -Si conditions. The cell walls of the -Si plants had a higher mechanical strength and calorific value than those of the +Si plants. These results provide some insights into the enhancement of the value of sorghum biomass as a feedstock for energy production by limiting Si uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ramdan Rivai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Takuji Miyamoto
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Awano
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Arata Yoshinaga
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuoye Chen
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junji Sugiyama
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Tobimatsu
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Kobayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Zhou Q, Cai Z, Xian P, Yang Y, Cheng Y, Lian T, Ma Q, Nian H. Silicon-enhanced tolerance to cadmium toxicity in soybean by enhancing antioxidant defense capacity and changing cadmium distribution and transport. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 241:113766. [PMID: 35709671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widely distributed heavy metal that is toxic to plants and humans. Although silicon (Si) has been reported to reduce Cd accumulation and toxicity in plants, evidence on the functions of Si and its mechanisms in the possible alleviation of soybean are limited. Therefore, a controlled experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts and mechanisms of Si on Cd retention in soybean. Here, we determined the growth index, Cd distribution, and antioxidant activity systems of Si, as well as expression levels of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Si under Cd stress, and conducted RNA-seq analysis. We not only found that Si can significantly promote soybean plant growth, increase plant antioxidant activities, and reduce the Cd translocation factor, but also revealed that a total of 636 DEGs were shared between CK and Cd, CK and Cd + Si, and Cd and Cd + Si. Moreover, several genes were significantly enriched in antioxidant systems and Cd distribution and transport systems. Therefore, the expression status of Si-mediated Cd stress response genes is likely involved in improving oxidative stress and changing Cd uptake and transport, as well as improving plant growth that contributes to Si alleviating Cd toxicity in plants. Moreover, numerous potential target genes were identified for the engineering of Cd-tolerant cultivars in soybean breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghua Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Zhandong Cai
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Peiqi Xian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Yanbo Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Tengxiang Lian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Qibin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Hai Nian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China.
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Pan T, Wang L, Peng Z, Tian J, Cai K. Silicon enhances the submergence tolerance of rice by regulating quiescence strategy and alleviating oxidative damage. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 182:124-132. [PMID: 35490638 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The safety of rice production under submergence is one of the research hotspots worldwide. Although the effects of silicon (Si) on enhancing plant stress tolerance have been widely investigated, the underlying mechanisms mediated by Si under submergence remains poorly understood. In this study, wild type (WT) and Si-defective mutant (lsi1) rice were chosen to investigate the mechanisms of Si-mediated rice resistance to submergence. Our results showed that Si addition effectively mitigated oxidative damages under submergence by reducing the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2.-) in WT rice plants. Moreover, Si treatment increased rice yield by 21.5% for WT rice under submergence. The application of Si significantly inhibited the elongation and internode length in WT rice under submergence, through the synergistic regulation of endogenous hormones ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Further investigation showed that the ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) SUB1A gene was expressed under submergence in WT and lsi1 rice, but Si addition did not influence the expression of SUB1A. Interestingly, exogenous Si down-regulated the relative expression levels of Si transporter genes Lsi1 and Lsi2 in WT rice roots by 51.7% and 48.0%, respectively. However, the physiological characteristics and genes expression of lsi1 rice were not affected by Si application regardless of submergence. The present study indicated that Si enhances the submergence tolerance and reduce the adverse effects of yield loss through the removal of reactive oxygen species and the adjustment of quiescence strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taowen Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Zhenni Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Jihui Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Kunzheng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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Naz R, Zaman QU, Nazir S, Komal N, Chen Y, Ashraf K, Al-Huqail AA, Alfagham A, Siddiqui MH, Ali HM, Khan F, Sultan K, Khosa Q. Silicon fertilization counteracts salinity-induced damages associated with changes in physio-biochemical modulations in spinach. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267939. [PMID: 35679266 PMCID: PMC9182609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and productivity are limited by the severe impact of salt stress on the fundamental physiological processes. Silicon (Si) supplementation is one of the promising techniques to improve the resilience of plants under salt stress. This study deals with the response of exogenous Si applications (0, 2, 4, and 6 mM) on growth, gaseous exchange, ion homeostasis and antioxidant enzyme activities in spinach grown under saline conditions (150 mM NaCl). Salinity stress markedly reduced the growth, physiological, biochemical, water availability, photosynthesis, enzymatic antioxidants, and ionic status in spinach leaves. Salt stress significantly enhanced leaf Na+ contents in spinach plants. Supplementary foliar application of Si (4 mM) alleviated salt toxicity, by modulating the physiological and photosynthetic attributes and decreasing electrolyte leakage, and activities of SOD, POD and CAT. Moreover, Si-induced mitigation of salt stress was due to the depreciation in Na+/K+ ratio, Na+ ion uptake at the surface of spinach roots, and translocation in plant tissues, thereby reducing the Na+ ion accumulation. Foliar applied Si (4 mM) ameliorates ionic toxicity by decreasing Na+ uptake. Overall, the results illustrate that foliar applied Si induced resistance against salinity stress in spinach by regulating the physiology, antioxidant metabolism, and ionic homeostasis. We advocate that exogenous Si supplementation is a practical approach that will allow spinach plants to recover from salt toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riffat Naz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qamar uz Zaman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Nazir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nayab Komal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kamran Ashraf
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Government College University, Faisalabad Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Asma A. Al-Huqail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud Alfagham
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheema Khan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawar Sultan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Khosa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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45
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Paradisone V, Navarro-León E, Albacete A, Ruiz JM, Esposito S, Blasco B. Improvement of the physiological response of barley plants to both Zinc deficiency and toxicity by the application of calcium silicate. Plant Sci 2022; 319:111259. [PMID: 35487667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An adequate availability of Zinc (Zn) is crucial for plant growth and development given the essentiality of this element. Thus, both Zn deficiency and Zn toxicity can limit crop yields. In plants, the responses to Zn imbalances involve important physiological aspects such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, phytohormone balance, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolism, and organic acids (OAs) accumulation. However, a way to improve tolerance to stresses such as those produced by nutritional imbalances is the application of beneficial elements such as silicon (Si). In this study, we grew barley plants in hydroponics under Zn deficiency and toxicity conditions, applying Si in the form of CaSiO3 in order to assess its effectiveness against Zn imbalances. Parameters related to plant growth, oxidative stress, TCA enzyme activities, phytohormones and OAs accumulation were analyzed. Both Zn deficiency and toxicity reduced leaf biomass, increased ROS accumulation, and affected phytohormone and OAs concentrations and TCA enzyme activities. CaSiO3 treatment was effective in counteracting these effects enhancing Zn accumulation under Zn deficient conditions and limiting its accumulation under toxic conditions. In addition, this treatment decreased ROS levels, and improved ascorbate/glutathione and phytohormonal responses, citrate synthase activity, and malate/oxalate ratio. Therefore, this study enhanced the notion of the efficacy of CaSiO3 in improving tolerance to Zn imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Paradisone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, Napoli 80126, Italy.
| | - Eloy Navarro-León
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - Juan M Ruiz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, Napoli 80126, Italy.
| | - Begoña Blasco
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Naz R, Gul F, Zahoor S, Nosheen A, Yasmin H, Keyani R, Shahid M, Hassan MN, Siddiqui MH, Batool S, Anwar Z, Ali N, Roberts TH. Interactive effects of hydrogen sulphide and silicon enhance drought and heat tolerance by modulating hormones, antioxidant defence enzymes and redox status in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:684-696. [PMID: 34879172 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent changes in climate have reduced crop productivity throughout much of the world. Drought and heat stress, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, have seriously affected barley production. This study explored the separate and interactive effects of silicon (Si) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) on plant growth and mitigation of the adverse effects of heat stress (DS) and drought stress (HS) in a barley pot experiment. The impacts of simultaneous DS + HS were more severe than individual stresses due to increased ROS production, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher electrolyte leakage (EL), thereby leading to reduced water, protein and photosynthetic pigment content. Exogenously applied Si and H2 S alleviated the DS-, HS- and DS + HS-induced effects on barley by reducing ROS production, MDA and EL. A single application of H2 S or Si + H2 S increased plant biomass under all stress conditions, which can be ascribed to higher Si accumulation in barley shoots. A single application of Si or H2 S significantly increased plant biomass. However, Si + H2 S was the most effective treatment for metabolite accumulation and elevating activity of antioxidant enzymes to prevent toxicity from oxidative stress. This treatment also modulated osmolyte content, enhanced antioxidant activity and regulated the stress signalling-related endogenous hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and indole acetic acid (IAA). Exogenous treatments regulated endogenous H2 S and Si and resulted in higher tolerance to individual and combined drought and heat stress in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Naz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - F Gul
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Zahoor
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Nosheen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - H Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - R Keyani
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M N Hassan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Batool
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Z Anwar
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - N Ali
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - T H Roberts
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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47
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Jiang D, Wu H, Cai H, Chen G. Silicon confers aluminium tolerance in rice via cell wall modification in the root transition zone. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:1765-1778. [PMID: 35289406 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The root-apex transition zone (TZ), the major perception site for aluminium (Al) toxicity, is crucial for the Al-induced root-growth inhibition, while the mechanism underlying silicon-mediated alleviation of Al toxicity in the TZ is largely unknown. In this study, the role of silicon (Si) in alleviating Al-induced damage in the TZ and root-growth inhibition of rice was investigated. We found that Si had direct alleviative effect on Al toxicity as revealed by less root growth-inhibition, Al accumulation, and callose formation. Si reversed Al-induced decreases of the cell wall elongation and extensibility, and reduced Al-induced increments of cell wall polysaccharides in the TZ. The similar distribution patterns of Al and Si in the cell wall indicated that Si might detoxify Al by forming hydroxyaluminumsilicates in the apoplast of the root-apex TZ. Moreover, the wall-bound form of Si reduced Al binding sites, thereby reducing the capability of Al bound to the cell wall. These results suggest that Si-mediated cell wall modification in the TZ alleviates Al-induced root-growth inhibition in rice involving the promotion of cell wall extensibility and the decrease of Al accumulation in the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihui Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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48
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Konishi N, Huang S, Yamaji N, Ma JF. Cell-Type-Dependent but CME-Independent Polar Localization of Silicon Transporters in Rice. Plant Cell Physiol 2022; 63:699-712. [PMID: 35277719 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is an important nutrient required for sustainable and high production of rice and its uptake is mediated by a pair of influx (OsLsi1)-efflux (OsLsi2) transporters showing polar localization. However, the mechanisms underlying their polarity are unknown. Here, we revealed that the polarity of the Si transporters depends on cell types. The polar localization of both OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 was not altered by Si supply, but their protein abundance was reduced. Double immunostaining showed that localization of OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 was separated at the edge of the lateral polar domain by Casparian strips in the endodermis, whereas they were slightly overlapped at the transversal side of the exodermis. When OsLsi1 was ectopically expressed in the shoots, it showed polar localization at the xylem parenchyma cells of the basal node and leaf sheath, but not at the phloem companion cells. Ectopic expression of non-polar Si transporters, barley HvLsi2 and maize ZmLsi2 in rice, resulted in their polar localization at the proximal side. The polar localization of OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 was not altered by inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) by dominant-negative induction of dynamin-related protein1A and knockout of mu subunit of adaptor protein 2 complex, although the knockout mutants of OsAP2M gene showed dwarf phenotype. These results indicate that CME is not required for the polar localization of Si transporters. Taken together, our results indicate that CME-independent machinery controls the polar localization of Si transporters in exodermis, endodermis of root cells and xylem parenchyma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Konishi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Sheng Huang
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
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49
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Kiany T, Pishkar L, Sartipnia N, Iranbakhsh A, Barzin G. Effects of silicon and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on arsenic accumulation, phytochelatin metabolism, and antioxidant system by rice under arsenic toxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:34725-34737. [PMID: 35041168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is known to be one of the most toxic metalloids for humans and plants; however, little is known about the use of silicon (Si) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in reducing As toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was conducted to examine the effects of Si-NPs (50 and 100 mg/L), TiO2-NPs (25 and 50 mg/L) and As (50 µM) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant defense system, glyoxalase system, expression of Si/As transporters, and genes involved in As sequestration in rice under hydroponic conditions. The results revealed that Si- and TiO2-NPs by upregulating the activity of antioxidant enzymes and glyoxalase cycle reduced hydrogen peroxide, methylglyoxal, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage, and thus protected the photosynthetic apparatus and improved plant growth under As stress. By increasing the expression of GSH1, PCS, and ABC1 genes, Si- and TiO2-NPs increased leaf and root accumulation of glutathione and phytochelatins and sequestered As in vacuoles, which protected plant cells from As toxicity. Si-NPs diminished As uptake and increased Si uptake in As-exposed rice plants by modulating the expression of Si/As transporters (Lsi1, Lsi2, and Lsi6). The results depicted that 100 mg/L Si-NPs treatment had the highest positive effect on plant growth and tolerance under As stress compared to other treatments. In general, Si- and TiO2-NPs augmented the growth of rice under As stress through different strategies, which can be used to design effective fertilizers to enhance the crop growth and yield in areas contaminated with toxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Kiany
- Department of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran
| | - Leila Pishkar
- Department of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Sartipnia
- Department of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran
| | - Alireza Iranbakhsh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Teheran, Iran
| | - Giti Barzin
- Department of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran
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50
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Huang S, Yamaji N, Sakurai G, Mitani-Ueno N, Konishi N, Ma JF. A pericycle-localized silicon transporter for efficient xylem loading in rice. New Phytol 2022; 234:197-208. [PMID: 35020209 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice is able to accumulate high concentrations of silicon (Si) in the shoots, and this ability is required for the mitigation of abiotic and biotic stresses. Although transporters for Si uptake have been identified, a transporter for the xylem loading of Si has not been found. We functionally characterized a Si transporter, OsLsi3, in terms of tissue-specific localization, knockout line phenotype and mathematic simulation. OsLsi3 was shown to be an efflux Si transporter. OsLsi3 was mainly expressed in the mature root region, and its expression was downregulated by Si. Immunostaining with a specific antibody showed that OsLsi3 was localized to the pericycle in the roots, without polarity. However, when it was expressed under the control of the OsLsi2 promoter, OsLsi3 became polarly localized to the proximal side of both the exodermis and endodermis. Knockout of this gene resulted in decreased Si uptake and concentration in the xylem sap under low Si supply, but not under high Si supply. Mathematical modeling showed that localization of OsLsi3 to the pericycle accounts for c. 30% of the total Si loading to the xylem under low Si concentrations. In summary, OsLsi3 was involved in the xylem loading of Si in rice roots, which is required for the efficient root-to-shoot translocation of Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Huang
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Gen Sakurai
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Namiki Mitani-Ueno
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Konishi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
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