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Carvalho MD, Heilberg IP. Sodium-glucose cotranspor ter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in nephrolithiasis: should we "gliflozin" patients with kidney stone disease? J Bras Nefrol 2024; 46:e20230146. [PMID: 38498673 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2023-0146en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nephrolithiasis is increasing worldwide. Despite advances in understanding the pathogenesis of lithiasis, few studies have demonstrated that specific clinical interventions reduce the recurrence of nephrolithiasis. The aim of this review is to analyze the current data and potential effects of iSGLT2 in lithogenesis and try to answer the question: Should we also "gliflozin" our patients with kidney stone disease?
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio de Carvalho
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Faculdade de Medicina, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ita Pfeferman Heilberg
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Plosker A, Frishman WIH. Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Proposed Mechanisms, Recent Evidence, and Clinical Implications. Cardiol Rev 2024; 32:263-266. [PMID: 36728757 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) affects approximately 6 million Americans and is projected to increase in prevalence as the population ages. While progress has been made in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), treatments for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are few and far between. Since HFpEF makes up half of all heart failure cases, its management may be the biggest unmet need in cardiology. Results from the recent EMPEROR-Preserved trial are encouraging. After 26 months, patients with HFpEF who used the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin had a lower risk of hospitalization for HF than patients taking a placebo. However, the trial did not show empagliflozin to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, unlike the EMPEROR-Reduced trial, in which empagliflozin was associated with a reduced risk of both cardiac death and hospitalization for patients with HFrEF. The outcomes of these trials highlight the dissimilarities between the two diseases. While HFrEF is mainly a disease of cardiomyocyte injury and systolic dysfunction, HFpEF is a multifactorial syndrome of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction stemming from chronic diseases like hypertension, diabetes and obesity. While trials of empagliflozin for HFpEF did not show a mortality benefit, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors are promising additions to the management of HFpEF for their effects on the disease's risk factors through weight loss, natriuresis, blood pressure lowering, and glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Plosker
- From the Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | - WIlliam H Frishman
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
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Osude N, Pagidipati NJ. A New Age for Secondary Prevention: Optimal Medical Therapy for Stable Ischemic Heart Disease Among Patients with Diabetes and/or Obesity. Med Clin North Am 2024; 108:469-487. [PMID: 38548458 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes and/or obesity and established cardiovascular disease are at increased risk for recurrent cardiovascular events. The indications of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have been expanded in the last decade due to benefit in cardiovascular outcome trials and are now considered guideline-recommended therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Emerging data have begun to suggest that GLP-1RAs can decrease major adverse cardiovascular events among patients with obesity without diabetes. Overall, prescription of these agents remains low, despite being key to improve disparities in recurrent cardiovascular events. In this review, we discuss optimal medical therapy for secondary prevention for stable ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkiru Osude
- Cardiovascular Division, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Starr JA, Pinner NA. The Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Ann Pharmacother 2024; 58:506-513. [PMID: 37542422 DOI: 10.1177/10600280231189508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). DATA SOURCES A literature search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases (January 2015 to June 20, 2023) was performed with keywords: sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors OR SGLT2 inhibitors OR bexagliflozin OR canagliflozin OR dapagliflozin OR empagliflozin OR ertugliflozin OR sotagliflozin AND heart failure OR heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and terms related to CV outcomes including cardiovascular death, hospitalization, hospitalization for heart failure, mortality, death, and major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION The reference list from retrieved articles as well as relevant review articles was considered. Pivotal randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses with a primary or secondary end point of CV death or heart failure hospitalization were included. Studies conducted solely in a diabetic patient population were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, in a broad population of heart failure patients including, HFrEF, HFmrEF, HFpEF, and without diabetes, have shown consistent improvement in the combined outcome of CV death and hospitalization for heart failure (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.87) and in the reduction of heart failure hospitalizations (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.67-0.83). In patients with HFpEF, cardiovascular mortality was not demonstrated (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77-1.00). Rates of adverse events were low. RELEVANCE TO PATIENT CARE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE Patients with HFpEF and NYHA class II-III with frequent symptoms or hospitalizations for heart failure derive the most benefit from SGLT2 inhibitors with an overall goal of a reduction in heart failure hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of HFpEF has made progress, but there is still work to be done. Now, SGLT2 inhibitor therapy can be used to further help with symptom control and reduce overall hospitalizations for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Starr
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nathan A Pinner
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Cardoso P, Young KG, Nair ATN, Hopkins R, McGovern AP, Haider E, Karunaratne P, Donnelly L, Mateen BA, Sattar N, Holman RR, Bowden J, Hattersley AT, Pearson ER, Jones AG, Shields BM, McKinley TJ, Dennis JM. Phenotype-based targeted treatment of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2024; 67:822-836. [PMID: 38388753 PMCID: PMC10955037 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A precision medicine approach in type 2 diabetes could enhance targeting specific glucose-lowering therapies to individual patients most likely to benefit. We aimed to use the recently developed Bayesian causal forest (BCF) method to develop and validate an individualised treatment selection algorithm for two major type 2 diabetes drug classes, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA). METHODS We designed a predictive algorithm using BCF to estimate individual-level conditional average treatment effects for 12-month glycaemic outcome (HbA1c) between SGLT2i and GLP1-RA, based on routine clinical features of 46,394 people with type 2 diabetes in primary care in England (Clinical Practice Research Datalink; 27,319 for model development, 19,075 for hold-out validation), with additional external validation in 2252 people with type 2 diabetes from Scotland (SCI-Diabetes [Tayside & Fife]). Differences in glycaemic outcome with GLP1-RA by sex seen in clinical data were replicated in clinical trial data (HARMONY programme: liraglutide [n=389] and albiglutide [n=1682]). As secondary outcomes, we evaluated the impacts of targeting therapy based on glycaemic response on weight change, tolerability and longer-term risk of new-onset microvascular complications, macrovascular complications and adverse kidney events. RESULTS Model development identified marked heterogeneity in glycaemic response, with 4787 (17.5%) of the development cohort having a predicted HbA1c benefit >3 mmol/mol (>0.3%) with SGLT2i over GLP1-RA and 5551 (20.3%) having a predicted HbA1c benefit >3 mmol/mol with GLP1-RA over SGLT2i. Calibration was good in hold-back validation, and external validation in an independent Scottish dataset identified clear differences in glycaemic outcomes between those predicted to benefit from each therapy. Sex, with women markedly more responsive to GLP1-RA, was identified as a major treatment effect modifier in both the UK observational datasets and in clinical trial data: HARMONY-7 liraglutide (GLP1-RA): 4.4 mmol/mol (95% credible interval [95% CrI] 2.2, 6.3) (0.4% [95% CrI 0.2, 0.6]) greater response in women than men. Targeting the two therapies based on predicted glycaemic response was also associated with improvements in short-term tolerability and long-term risk of new-onset microvascular complications. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Precision medicine approaches can facilitate effective individualised treatment choice between SGLT2i and GLP1-RA therapies, and the use of routinely collected clinical features for treatment selection could support low-cost deployment in many countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cardoso
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Katie G Young
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Anand T N Nair
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Rhian Hopkins
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew P McGovern
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Eram Haider
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Piyumanga Karunaratne
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Louise Donnelly
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Bilal A Mateen
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rury R Holman
- Diabetes Trials Unit, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jack Bowden
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Angus G Jones
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Beverley M Shields
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Trevelyan J McKinley
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - John M Dennis
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
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Alsereidi FR, Khashim Z, Marzook H, Gupta A, Al-Rawi AM, Ramadan MM, Saleh MA. Targeting inflammatory signaling pathways with SGLT2 inhibitors: Insights into cardiovascular health and cardiac cell improvement. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102524. [PMID: 38492622 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have attracted significant attention for their broader therapeutic impact beyond simply controlling blood sugar levels, particularly in their ability to influence inflammatory pathways. This review delves into the anti-inflammatory properties of SGLT2 inhibitors, with a specific focus on canagliflozin, empagliflozin, and dapagliflozin. One of the key mechanisms through which SGLT2 inhibitors exert their anti-inflammatory effects is by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a crucial regulator of both cellular energy balance and inflammation. Activation of AMPK by these inhibitors leads to the suppression of pro-inflammatory pathways and a decrease in inflammatory mediators. Notably, SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated the ability to inhibit the release of cytokines in an AMPK-dependent manner, underscoring their direct influence on inflammatory signaling. Beyond AMPK activation, SGLT2 inhibitors also modulate several other inflammatory pathways, including the NLRP3 inflammasome, expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and activation of NF-κB (Nuclear factor kappa B). This multifaceted approach contributes to their efficacy in reducing inflammation and managing associated complications in conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Several human and animal studies provide support for the anti-inflammatory effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, demonstrating protective effects on various cardiac cells. Additionally, these inhibitors exhibit direct anti-inflammatory effects by modulating immune cells. Overall, SGLT2 inhibitors emerge as promising therapeutic agents for targeting inflammation in a range of pathological conditions. Further research, particularly focusing on the molecular-level pathways of inflammation, is necessary to fully understand their mechanisms of action and optimize their therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah R Alsereidi
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zenith Khashim
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hezlin Marzook
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed M Al-Rawi
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmoud M Ramadan
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Saleh
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt.
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7
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Wagner BR, Rao PS. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: are they ready for prime time in the management of lupus nephritis? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2024; 36:163-168. [PMID: 38517337 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000001002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lupus nephritis is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The utility of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in the management of lupus nephritis is currently uncertain. Here, we summarize the rationale for their use among patient with lupus nephritis. RECENT FINDINGS SGLT2 inhibitors were initially developed as antihyperglycemic agents. They have since been shown to have additional, profound effects to slow the progression of chronic kidney disease and lessen the long-term risks of cardiovascular disease in large clinic trials of patients with chronic kidney disease, with and without diabetes, as well as in patients with and without proteinuria. Patients with recent exposure to immunosuppression were excluded from these trials due to concern for risk of infection. In the few, small trials of patients with lupus nephritis, SGLT2 inhibitors were found to be well tolerated. They have been shown to reduce proteinuria and to have modest beneficial effects on blood pressure and BMI among patients with lupus nephritis. They have not been shown to influence disease activity. SUMMARY SGLT2 inhibitors may have a role in mitigating the chronic renal and cardiovascular effects of lupus nephritis. They should be introduced after kidney function has been stabilized with appropriate immunosuppression, in conjunction with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. They currently have no role in active disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Wagner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Singh S, Garg A, Tantry US, Bliden K, Gurbel PA, Gulati M. Cardiovascular Outcomes With Empagliflozin and Dapagliflozin in Patients Without Diabetes. Am J Cardiol 2024; 218:24-31. [PMID: 38432338 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Although the cardiovascular (CV) benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are well known, their effects in patients without DM continue to be explored. We provide a meta-analysis of the available evidence. Online databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SGLT2i to placebo/control in patients without DM. The end points of interest were composite CV death/hospitalization for heart failure (HF) with individual components, all-cause death, major adverse CV events, and serious adverse events. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the type of SGLT2i. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated through a random-effects model. A total of 6 RCTs with 12,984 patients (6,501 in the SGLT2i group and 6,483 in the placebo group) were included, followed over a mean duration of 17.7 months. Four RCTs had patients with HF, 1 with chronic kidney disease, and 1 with myocardial infarction. The mean age was 64 years, 72% of patients were men and mean hemoglobin A1C was 5.7%. As compared with a placebo, SGLT2i treatment was associated with significant reduction in composite CV death or hospitalization for HF (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.87, p <0.0001), primarily because of a decrease in hospitalization for HF (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.81, p <0.00001). No significant differences were found pertaining to CV death (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.01, p = 0.06), all-cause death (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.11, p = 0.29) and major adverse CV events (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.32, p = 0.75). Serious adverse events were lower with use of empagliflozin vs placebo. In conclusion, this study shows significant CV benefits in terms of reduction in CV death or hospitalization for HF in patients without DM treated with SGLT2i as compared with placebo. The underlying heterogeneity of patients in terms of co-morbidities (HF, chronic kidney disease, or myocardial infarction) needs to be considered while interpreting the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahib Singh
- Department of Medicine, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aakash Garg
- Division of Cardiology, Ellis Hospital, Schenectady, New York
| | - Udaya S Tantry
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kevin Bliden
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paul A Gurbel
- Division of Cardiology, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martha Gulati
- Division of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California.
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Kunutsor SK, Zaccardi F, Balasubramanian VG, Gillies CL, Aroda VR, Seidu S, Davies MJ, Khunti K. Glycaemic control and macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials of novel glucose-lowering agents. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1837-1849. [PMID: 38379094 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM Using a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of newer glucose-lowering agents [sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is)] in type 2 diabetes (T2D), we aimed to determine the macrovascular and microvascular outcomes of these agents and clarify the relationships between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction and risk of these outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Randomized controlled trials were identified from MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library until September 2023. Study-specific hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled, and meta-regression was used to assess the relationships between outcomes and between trial arm HbA1c reductions. RESULTS Twenty unique CVOTs (six SGLT-2is, nine GLP-1RAs, five DPP-4is), based on 169 513 participants with T2D, were eligible. Comparing SGLT-2is, GLP-1RAs and DPP-4is with placebo, the hazard ratios (95% CIs) for 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events were 0.88 (0.82-0.94), 0.85 (0.79-0.92) and 1.00 (0.94-1.06), respectively. SGLT-2is and GLP-1RAs consistently reduced the risk of several macrovascular and microvascular complications, particularly kidney events. DPP-4is showed no macrovascular benefits. There was potential evidence of an inverse linear relationship between HbA1c reduction and 3-point major adverse cardiovascular event risk (estimated risk per 1% reduction in HbA1c: 0.84, 95% CI 0.67-1.06; p = .14; R2 = 14.2%), which was driven by the component of non-fatal stroke (R2 = 100.0%; p = .094). There were non-significant inverse linear relationships between HbA1c reduction and the risk of several vascular outcomes. CONCLUSIONS SGLT-2is and GLP-1RAs showed consistent risk reductions in macrovascular and microvascular outcomes. The vascular benefits of SGLT-2is and GLP-1RAs in patients with T2D extend beyond mere glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Kunutsor
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Victoria G Balasubramanian
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Clare L Gillies
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Vanita R Aroda
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel Seidu
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Melanie J Davies
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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10
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VanDerStad LR, Wyatt EC, Vaughan RA. The antidiabetic SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin reduces mitochondrial metabolism in a model of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15271. [PMID: 38140911 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors such as canagliflozin (CANA) have emerged as an effective adjuvant therapy in the management of diabetes, however, past observations suggest CANA may alter skeletal muscle mass and function. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of CANA on skeletal muscle metabolism both with and without insulin resistance. METHODS C2C12 myotubes were treated with CANA with or without insulin resistance. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to assess protein and gene expression, respectively. Cell metabolism was assessed via oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rate. Mitochondrial, nuclei and lipid content were measured using fluorescent staining and microscopy. RESULTS CANA decreased mitochondrial function and glycolytic metabolism as did insulin resistance, however, these changes occurred without significant alterations in gene expression associated with each pathway. Additionally, while insulin resistance reduced insulin-stimulated pAkt expression, CANA had no significant effect on insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS CANA appears to reduce mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism without altering gene expression governing these pathways, suggesting a reduction in substrate may be responsible for lower metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R VanDerStad
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily C Wyatt
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
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11
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Chen B, Guo J, Ye H, Wang X, Feng Y. Role and molecular mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors in pathological cardiac remodeling (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:73. [PMID: 38488029 PMCID: PMC10955520 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are caused by pathological cardiac remodeling, which involves fibrosis, inflammation and cell dysfunction. This includes autophagy, apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, changes in energy metabolism, angiogenesis and dysregulation of signaling pathways. These changes in heart structure and/or function ultimately result in heart failure. In an effort to prevent this, multiple cardiovascular outcome trials have demonstrated the cardiac benefits of sodium‑glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), hypoglycemic drugs initially designed to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. SGLT2is include empagliflozin and dapagliflozin, which are listed as guideline drugs in the 2021 European Guidelines for Heart Failure and the 2022 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Failure Society of America Guidelines for Heart Failure Management. In recent years, multiple studies using animal models have explored the mechanisms by which SGLT2is prevent cardiac remodeling. This article reviews the role of SGLT2is in cardiac remodeling induced by different etiologies to provide a guideline for further evaluation of the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of pathological cardiac remodeling by SGLT2is, as well as the development of novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Feng
- Clinical Trial Institution, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
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12
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Diallo A, Diallo MF, Carlos-Bolumbu M, Galtier F. Uric acid-lowering effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for preventing cardiovascular events and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1980-1985. [PMID: 38316608 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effect of a 1 mg/dl reduction in uric acid (UA) on cardiovascular events and mortality in patients treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a systematic review of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases searched up to 30 June 2023 (PROSPERO, CRD42022355479) to identify large-scale SGLT2 inhibitor trials. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool the estimates. RESULTS In total, five SGLT2 inhibitor trials (31 535 patients, 54% with heart failure) were analysed. Over a median follow-up of 2.2 years, the mean reduction in UA was -0.79 mg/dl (95% confidence interval (CI), -1.03 to -0.54). Every 1 mg/dl reduction in UA was associated with a significantly lower risk of a composite of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure [hazard ratio, 0.64 (95% CI, 0.46-0.88)] and hospitalization for heart failure (0.68; 95% CI, 0.62-0.74), with a similar risk of mortality. CONCLUSIONS SGLT2 inhibitors reduced UA levels and cardiovascular events independently of heart failure status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Diallo
- University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry, Department of Public Health, Conakry, Guinea
| | - M F Diallo
- Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Service de Néphrologie, Havre, France
| | | | - F Galtier
- Clinical Investigation Center 1411, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), Paris, France
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13
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Ciardullo S, Savaré L, Rea F, Perseghin G, Corrao G. Adherence to GLP1-RA and SGLT2-I affects clinical outcomes and costs in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3791. [PMID: 38549238 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the impact of adherence to glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) and sodium-glucose transporter two inhibitors (SGLT2-I) on clinical outcomes and costs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The 121,115 residents of the Lombardy Region (Italy) aged ≥40 years newly treated with metformin during 2007-2015 were followed to identify those who started therapy with GLP1-RA or SGLT2-I. Adherence to drug therapy over the first year was defined as the proportion of days covered >80%. Within each drug class, for each adherent patient, one non-adherent patient was matched for age, sex, duration, adherence to metformin treatment and propensity score. The primary clinical outcome was a composite of insulin initiation, hospitalisation for micro- and macrovascular complications and all-cause mortality after the first year of drug treatment. Costs were evaluated based on reimbursements from the national healthcare system. RESULTS After matching, 1182 pairs of adherent and non-adherent GLP1-RA users and 1126 pairs of adherent and non-adherent SGLT2-I users were included. In both groups, adherent patients experienced a significantly lower incidence of the primary outcome (HR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.72-0.98 for GLP1-RA and HR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.55-0.87 for SGLT2-I). A significant reduction in hospitalizations was found for adherent patients in the GLP1-RA group but not for the SGLT2-I group. Results were consistent when analyses were stratified by age and sex. While higher drug-related costs in the adherent group were counterbalanced by decreased hospitalisation costs in SGLT2-I treated patients, this was not the case for GLP1-RA. CONCLUSIONS Higher adherence to drug treatment with GLP1-RA and SGLT2-I during the first year of the drug intake is associated with a lower incidence of adverse clinical outcomes in a real-world setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ciardullo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Savaré
- National Centre for Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, at the University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- MOX - Laboratory for Modeling and Scientific Computing, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- CHDS - Center for Health data Science, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- National Centre for Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, at the University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Perseghin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corrao
- National Centre for Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, at the University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Healthcare Research & Pharmacoepidemiology, Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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14
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de Germay S, Pambrun E, Pariente A, Grenet G, Bezin J, Faillie JL. Use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in France: Analysis of French nationwide health insurance database. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1678-1686. [PMID: 38288619 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have been commercialized in France for type 2 diabetes since April 2020 and later for heart and renal diseases. Given the recent developments in treating diabetes and the widening of SGLT-2i indications, we aimed to study changes in the use of glucose-lowering drugs in France and to characterize SGLT-2i new users. METHODS We performed a nationwide utilization study using the French health insurance database. Trends in incidence and prevalence of glucose-lowering drug use were assessed by a repeated cross-sectional study in 2019 and 2021. A cohort study of incident SGLT-2i users was then conducted to describe patient characteristics and the strategy for treating diabetes. RESULTS The prevalence of SGLT-2i use gradually reached 0.1% in the third quarter of 2021 and increased more significantly to 0.2% thereafter. SGLT-2i became the second most prescribed glucose-lowering drug class after metformin at the end of 2021 (0.1%). Among the cohort of 125 387 SGLT-2i new users (mean age 65.0 years; 60.1% of men), 87.6% presented a diabetic comorbidity. The patient profile changed over the study period with an increasing proportion of patients with cardiovascular (28.7% in 2020 vs. 40.2% in 2021) or renal (7.7% in 2020 vs. 11.8% in 2021) comorbidities at initiation. The main combinations used at SGLT-2i initiation were metformin (12.5%) and metformin plus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (8.1%). One-year probability of SGLT-2i persistence was estimated to be 55%. CONCLUSION The expansion of indications for SGLT-2i and the broadening of the target population make it essential to assess the reasons for discontinuation and review their safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle de Germay
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219 Team AHeaD, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Pambrun
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219 Team AHeaD, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoine Pariente
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219 Team AHeaD, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Guillaume Grenet
- Department of Medical Pharmacotoxicology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Bezin
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219 Team AHeaD, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Faillie
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology, CHU Montpellier; Univ Montpellier, IDESP INSERM, Montpellier, France
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15
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Kittipibul V, Cox ZL, Chesdachai S, Fiuzat M, Lindenfeld J, Mentz RJ. Genitourinary Tract Infections in Patients Taking SGLT2 Inhibitors: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:1568-1578. [PMID: 38631776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have been shown to reduce adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, all-cause mortality, and heart failure hospitalization in patients with heart failure, as well as adverse renal outcomes. However, concerns regarding the heightened risk of genitourinary (GU) infections, particularly urinary tract infections, remain a significant barrier to their wider adoption. Addressing these misconceptions using existing evidence is needed to ensure proper risk-benefit assessment and optimal utilization of this efficacious therapy. This review aims to provide a balanced perspective on the evidence-based cardiovascular and renal benefits of SGLT2is and the associated risk of GU infections. We also summarize and propose clinical practice considerations for SGLT2i-associated GU infections focusing on patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veraprapas Kittipibul
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA. https://twitter.com/vkittipibul
| | - Zachary L Cox
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Supavit Chesdachai
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mona Fiuzat
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - JoAnn Lindenfeld
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert J Mentz
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Packer M. SGLT2 Inhibition: Neither a Diuretic nor a Natriuretic. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:1399-1402. [PMID: 38599716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
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17
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Moon J, Udell JA, Chong A, Fang J, Austin PC, Ko DT, Stukel TA, Atzema CL, Booth GL, Tu K, Naimark DMJ, Jackevicius CA. Time to SGLT2 Inhibitors Initiation in Patients With Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032296. [PMID: 38563368 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jungyeon Moon
- College of Pharmacy Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Jacob A Udell
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine Women's College Hospital and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- ICES Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | | | - Peter C Austin
- University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- ICES Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dennis T Ko
- University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- ICES Toronto Ontario Canada
- Schulich Heart Centre Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Therese A Stukel
- University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- ICES Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Clare L Atzema
- University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- ICES Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Gillian L Booth
- University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- ICES Toronto Ontario Canada
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Karen Tu
- University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center Toronto Ontario Canada
- North York General Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
- Toronto Western Hospital Family Health Team Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - David M J Naimark
- University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- ICES Toronto Ontario Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Cynthia A Jackevicius
- College of Pharmacy Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
- University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- ICES Toronto Ontario Canada
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los Angeles CA USA
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18
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Shao YX, Liang CL, Su YY, Lin YT, Lu ZK, Lin RZ, Zhou ZZ, Zeng CH, Tao CY, Liu ZC, Zhang W, Liu L. Clinical spectrum, over 12-year follow-up and experience of SGLT2 inhibitors treatment on patients with glycogen storage disease type Ib: a single-center retrospective study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:155. [PMID: 38605407 PMCID: PMC11010294 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib) is a rare disorder characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis caused by mutations in the SLC37A4 gene. It is a severe inherited metabolic disease associated with hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly, and neutropenia. Traditional treatment consists of feeding raw cornstarch which can help to adjust energy metabolism but has no positive effect on neutropenia, which is fatal for these patients. Recently, the pathophysiologic mechanism of the neutrophil dysfunction and neutropenia in GSD Ib has been found, and the treatment with the SGLT2 inhibitor empaglifozin is now well established. In 2020, SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin started to be used as a promising efficient remover of 1,5AG6P in neutrophil of GSD Ib patients worldwide. However, it is necessary to consider long-term utility and safety of a novel treatment. RESULTS In this study, we retrospectively examined the clinical manifestations, biochemical examination results, genotypes, long-term outcomes and follow-up of thirty-five GSD Ib children who visited our department since 2009. Fourteen patients among them underwent empagliflozin treatment since 2020. This study is the largest cohort of pediatric GSD Ib patients in China as well as the largest cohort of pediatric GSD Ib patients treated with empagliflozin in a single center to date. The study also discussed the experience of long-term management on pediatric GSD Ib patients. CONCLUSION Empagliflozin treatment for pediatric GSD Ib patients is efficient and safe. Increase of urine glucose is a signal for pharmaceutical effect, however attention to urinary infection and hypoglycemia is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xian Shao
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui-Li Liang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ying Su
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Ting Lin
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Kun Lu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Zhu Lin
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Zi Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Hua Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yan Tao
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zong-Cai Liu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623, Guangzhou, China.
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19
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van Bruggen DM, Jansen DRM, van Poelgeest EP. [SGLT2 inhibitors, also in frail older adults?]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2024; 168:D7935. [PMID: 38602004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) have gained prominence in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. However, concerns arise for frail older adults, given their underrepresentation in trials and heightened susceptibility to adverse drug events. This review summarizes the clinical effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in older adults with frailty. SGLT2 inhibitors seem to exhibit consistent cardiovascular benefits irrespective of age. As such, these drugs can be beneficial for older adults with 'cardiovascular frailty': in other words, cardiovascular multimorbidity. However, in the current data there is a lack of focus on the broader definition of frailty, which also includes functional status and self-dependence. Also, some research suggest that adverse events, such as volume depletion and genitourinary infections, are more common in the frail older population. Therefore, until more data is available, SGLT2 inhibitors should be prescribed with caution in older adults living with frailty.
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20
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Costanzo MR, Januzzi JL. Early SGLT2 Inhibitors in Acute Heart Failure: Safe Diuretic-Sparing Strategy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:1307-1309. [PMID: 38569759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James L Januzzi
- Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Gao M, Bhatia K, Kapoor A, Badimon J, Pinney SP, Mancini DM, Santos-Gallego CG, Lala A. SGLT2 Inhibitors, Functional Capacity, and Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e245135. [PMID: 38573633 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.5135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance The associations of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) with reduction in mortality and hospitalization rates in patients with heart failure (HF) are well established. However, their association with improving functional capacity and quality of life (QOL) has been variably studied and less reported. Objective To provide evidence on the extent to which SGLT2is are associated with improvement on objective measures of functional capacity and QOL in patients living with HF. Data Sources The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for relevant articles on July 31, 2023. Study Selection Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials reporting the effect of SGLT2i on functional outcomes of exercise capacity (peak oxygen consumption [peak VO2] or 6-minute walk distance [6MWD]) and/or QOL using validated questionnaires for patients with HF were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted by 2 authors following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, and a meta-analysis using the restricted maximum likelihood random-effects model was conducted. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes of interest included changes in peak VO2, 6MWD, and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12 total symptom score (KCCQ-TSS), clinical summary score (KCCQ-CSS), and overall summary score (KCCQ-OSS). Results In this meta-analysis of 17 studies, 23 523 patients (mean [range] age, 69 [60-75] years) were followed over a period ranging from 12 to 52 weeks. Four studies included peak VO2 as an outcome, 7 studies included 6MWD, and 10 studies reported KCCQ scores. Mean (SD) left ventricular ejection fraction was 43.5% (12.4%). Compared with controls, patients receiving SGLT2i treatment experienced significant increases in peak VO2 (mean difference [MD], 1.61 mL/kg/min; 95% CI, 0.59-2.63 mL/kg/min; P = .002) and 6MWD (MD, 13.09 m; 95% CI, 1.20-24.97 m; P = .03). SGLT2i use was associated with increased KCCQ-TSS (MD, 2.28 points; 95% CI, 1.74-2.81 points; P < .001), KCCQ-CSS (MD, 2.14 points; 95% CI, 1.53-2.74 points; P < .001), and KCCQ-OSS (MD, 1.90 points; 95% CI, 1.41-2.39 points; P < .001) scores. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression demonstrated almost all improvements were consistent across ejection fraction, sex, and the presence of diabetes. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that in addition to known clinical associations with mortality and hospitalization outcomes, SGLT2i use is associated with improvement in outcomes of interest to patients' everyday lives as measured by objective assessments of maximal exercise capacity and validated QOL questionnaires, regardless of sex or ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gao
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kirtipal Bhatia
- Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Mount Sinai Morningside, New York, New York
| | - Arjun Kapoor
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Juan Badimon
- Department of Population Health Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Sean P Pinney
- Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Mount Sinai Morningside, New York, New York
| | - Donna M Mancini
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Carlos G Santos-Gallego
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Anuradha Lala
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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22
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Badwan OZ, Menon V, Wilson Tang WH. In Reply: When should we consider SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with acute decompensated heart failure? Cleve Clin J Med 2024; 91:207-208. [PMID: 38561212 DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.91c.04002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Osamah Z Badwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Venu Menon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Professor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Professor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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23
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Ishibashi R, Inaba Y, Koshizaka M, Takatsuna Y, Tatsumi T, Shiko Y, Kashiwagi Y, Maezawa Y, Kawasaki Y, Kawakami E, Yamamoto S, Yokote K. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor therapy reduces the administration frequency of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in patients with diabetic macular oedema with a history of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent use: A cohort study using the Japanese health insurance claims database. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1510-1518. [PMID: 38240052 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM We assessed the effectiveness of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in reducing the administration frequency of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO) using a health insurance claims database. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study analysed health insurance claims data covering 11 million Japanese patients between 2005 and 2019. We analysed the frequency and duration of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents after initiating SGLT2is or other antidiabetic drugs. RESULTS Among 2412 matched patients with DMO, the incidence rates of anti-VEGF agent injections were 230.1 per 1000 person-year in SGLT2i users and 228.4 times per 1000 person-year in non-users, respectively, and the risk ratio for events was unchanged in both groups. Sub-analysis of each baseline characteristic of the patients showed that SGLT2is were particularly effective in patients with a history of anti-VEGF agent use [p = .027, hazard ratio (HR): 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22-0.91]. SGLT2is reduced the risk for the first (p = .023, HR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.22-0.91) and second (p = .021, HR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17-0.89) anti-VEGF agent injections. CONCLUSIONS There was no difference in the risk ratio for the addition of anti-VEGF therapy between the two treatment groups. However, the use of SGLT2is reduced the frequency of anti-VEGF agent administration in patients with DMO requiring anti-VEGF therapy. Therefore, SGLT2i therapy may be a novel, non-invasive, low-cost adjunctive therapy for DMO requiring anti-VEGF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Ishibashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kimitsu Chuo Hospital, Kisarazu, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Inaba
- Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaya Koshizaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Takatsuna
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Ichihara, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tatsumi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiko
- Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kashiwagi
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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24
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Jang H, Kim Y, Lee DH, Joo SK, Koo BK, Lim S, Lee W, Kim W. Outcomes of Various Classes of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. JAMA Intern Med 2024; 184:375-383. [PMID: 38345802 PMCID: PMC10862270 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.8029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Importance Several oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) classes can potentially improve patient outcomes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to varying degrees, but clinical data on which class is favored are lacking. Objective To investigate which OAD is associated with the best patient outcomes in NAFLD and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective nonrandomized interventional cohort study used the National Health Information Database, which provided population-level data for Korea. This study involved patients with T2D and concomitant NAFLD. Exposures Receiving either sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, or sulfonylureas, each combined with metformin for 80% or more of 90 consecutive days. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were NAFLD regression assessed by the fatty liver index and composite liver-related outcome (defined as liver-related hospitalization, liver-related mortality, liver transplant, and hepatocellular carcinoma) using the Fine-Gray model regarding competing risks. Results In total, 80 178 patients (mean [SD] age, 58.5 [11.9] years; 43 007 [53.6%] male) were followed up for 219 941 person-years, with 4102 patients experiencing NAFLD regression. When compared with sulfonylureas, SGLT2 inhibitors (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [ASHR], 1.99 [95% CI, 1.75-2.27]), thiazolidinediones (ASHR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.41-2.05]), and DPP-4 inhibitors (ASHR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.31-1.59]) were associated with NAFLD regression. SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a higher likelihood of NAFLD regression when compared with thiazolidinediones (ASHR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.12-1.75]) and DPP-4 inhibitors (ASHR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.30-1.62]). Only SGLT2 inhibitors (ASHR, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.17-0.82]), not thiazolidinediones or DPP-4 inhibitors, were significantly associated with lower incidence rates of adverse liver-related outcomes when compared with sulfonylureas. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this cohort study suggest that physicians may lean towards prescribing SGLT2 inhibitors as the preferred OAD for individuals with NAFLD and T2D, considering their potential benefits in NAFLD regression and lower incidences of adverse liver-related outcomes. This observational study should prompt future research to determine whether prescribing practices might merit reexamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejoon Jang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjin Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kyung Joo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Koo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojoo Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Harada M, Han S, Shi M, Ge J, Yu S, Adam J, Adamski J, Scheerer MF, Neschen S, de Angelis MH, Wang-Sattler R. Metabolic effects of SGLT2i and metformin on 3-hydroxybutyric acid and lactate in db/db mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130962. [PMID: 38503370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Combining a Sodium-Glucose-Cotransporter-2-inhibitor (SGLT2i) with metformin is recommended for managing hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who have cardio-renal complications. Our study aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of SGLT2i and metformin, both individually and synergistically. We treated leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice with these drugs for two weeks and conducted metabolite profiling, identifying 861 metabolites across kidney, liver, muscle, fat, and plasma. Using linear regression and mixed-effects models, we identified two SGLT2i-specific metabolites, X-12465 and 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HBA), a ketone body, across all examined tissues. The levels of 3HBA were significantly higher under SGLT2i monotherapy compared to controls and were attenuated when combined with metformin. We observed similar modulatory effects on metabolites involved in protein catabolism (e.g., branched-chain amino acids) and gluconeogenesis. Moreover, combination therapy significantly raised pipecolate levels, which may enhance mTOR1 activity, while modulating GSK3, a common target of SGLT2i and 3HBA inhibition. The combination therapy also led to significant reductions in body weight and lactate levels, contrasted with monotherapies. Our findings advocate for the combined approach to better manage muscle loss, and the risks of DKA and lactic acidosis, presenting a more effective strategy for T2D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Harada
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siyu Han
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Mengya Shi
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Jianhong Ge
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Shixiang Yu
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan Adam
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Markus F Scheerer
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Neschen
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Rui Wang-Sattler
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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26
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Sehly A, He A, Ihdayhid AR, Grey C, O'Connor S, Green G, Erickson M, Rankin JM, Fegan PG, Yeap BB, Dwivedi G, Lan NSR. Early SGLT2 inhibitor use is associated with improved left atrial strain following acute coronary syndrome. Acta Cardiol 2024; 79:224-234. [PMID: 38456717 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2024.2324221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM Left atrial (LA) strain, a novel marker of LA function, reliably predicts diastolic dysfunction. SGLT2 inhibitors improve heart failure outcomes, but limited data exists regarding their use in the immediate aftermath of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We studied the effect of empagliflozin on LA strain in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and ACS. METHODS Patients with ACS and T2D were identified and empagliflozin was initiated in eligible patients prior to discharge. Patients not initiated on empagliflozin were analysed as a comparator group. A blinded investigator assessed LA strain using baseline and 3-6 month follow-up echocardiograms. RESULTS Forty-four participants (n = 22 each group) were included. Baseline characteristics and LA strain were similar in the two groups. LA reservoir, conduit and contractile strain increased in empagliflozin group (28.0 ± 8.4% to 34.6 ± 12.2% p < 0.001, 14.5 ± 5.4% to 16.7 ± 7.0% p = 0.034, 13.5 ± 5.2% to 17.9 ± 7.2% p = 0.005, respectively) but remained unchanged in comparison group (29.2 ± 6.7% to 28.8 ± 7.0%, 12.8 ± 4.2% to 13.3 ± 4.7%, 16.7 ± 5.3% to 15.5 ± 4.5%, respectively, p = NS). The difference in change between groups was significant for LA reservoir (p = 0.003) and contractile strain (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION In patients with ACS and T2D, addition of empagliflozin to standard ACS therapy prior to discharge is associated with improved LA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Sehly
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Albert He
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Abdul Rahman Ihdayhid
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Christine Grey
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Scott O'Connor
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Gillian Green
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Matthew Erickson
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - James M Rankin
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - P Gerry Fegan
- Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nick S R Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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27
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Romo KG, Gianchandani R. Pros of Inpatient Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Use. Endocr Pract 2024; 30:398-401. [PMID: 38428527 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sodium-glucose-cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are widely used for diabetes management especially because their effects go beyond glucose control. More recently, their indications and usage have expanded to heart failure (HF) and renal dysfunction therapy in patients both with and without diabetes. Beneficial effects, especially for HF readmission, accrue very early in their treatment trajectory, and this has promoted their use in the hospital setting. Data on their safety and efficacy for inpatient use are accumulating but have lagged behind the outpatient data for their use. The objective of this counterpoint piece is to highlight areas of benefit for starting or continuing SGLT-2 inhibitors in the inpatient setting. METHODS Discussion after literature review of available studies with a focus on HF outcomes and SGLT-2 inhibitor use. RESULTS The benefits of starting or continuing an SGLT-2 inhibitor in the inpatient setting are well documented, mainly in HF. Similar data are not available for glucose or renal outcomes alone. Starting in the hospital allows the ability to titrate medications with similar effects, such as diabetes and HF agents, as well as reducing treatment inertia to obtain and start new medications after patients are discharged home. It is important to choose patients appropriately and hold these drugs when patients are without nutrition or on low-carbohydrate diets which can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis. CONCLUSION In the right setting, using an SGLT-2 inhibitor in the hospital can affect multiple aspects of a patient's treatment trajectory and should be a consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina G Romo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Division, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roma Gianchandani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Division, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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28
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Zhang C, Zhu B, Feng Y, Cheng Z, Cai X, Feng L, Li J, Lu X. Assessing early tubular protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin against type 2 diabetes mellitus using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:473-483. [PMID: 38117325 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To observe the alterations in functional magnetic resonance imaging parameters in normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients undergoing SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin treatment and investigate the early tubular protective effects of the inhibitor. METHODS This study was performed in normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (UACR < 30 mg/g, eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2). The patients were divided into the intervention group (empagliflozin) and the control group (27 cases each). The intervention group was treated with 10 mg/day empagliflozin tablets orally, while the control group had adjustments to their basic treatment stage. The patients were treated for 6 weeks. RESULTS The baseline clinical data of the two groups were comparable (P˃0.05). The intervention group exhibited better improvements in blood lipid profiles and more significant reductions in blood uric acid levels compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The two groups had No significant difference in blood pressure changes (P˃0.05). Notably, the intervention group demonstrated a greater reduction in UACR and a more substantial decline in eGFR than the control group (P < 0.05). Regarding functional magnetic resonance imaging parameters, the MD value of the renal medulla region in the intervention group increased after treatment, while the MR2* value of the renal medulla region decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin can reduce UACR and eGFR levels in early type 2 diabetic patients with normal proteinuria. Moreover, empagliflozin therapy led to an increase in the MD value and a decrease in the MR2* value of the renal medulla, evidencing the early tubular protective effects of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangbiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Beibei Zhu
- Endoscopy Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Youzhen Feng
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongyuan Cheng
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangran Cai
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lie Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No.613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
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Terzo C, Gembillo G, Cernaro V, Longhitano E, Calabrese V, Casuscelli C, Peritore L, Santoro D. Investigational new drugs for the treatment of chronic renal failure: an overview of the literature. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:319-334. [PMID: 38429874 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2326624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widespread throughout the world, with a high social and health impact. It is considered a 'silent killer' for its sudden onset without symptoms in the early stages of the disease. The main goal of nephrologists is to slow the progression of kidney disease and treat the associated symptoms with a range of new medications. AREAS COVERED The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the new investigational drugs for the treatment of chronic renal failure. Data were obtained from the available scientific literature and from the ClinicalTrials.gov website. EXPERT OPINION Among the drugs currently being researched, SGLT2 inhibitors appear to be the most promising drugs for the treatment of CKD, has they have slower progression of CKD and protection of cardiorenal function. An important role in the future of CKD treatment is played by autologous cell-therapy, which appears to be a new frontier in the treatment of CKD. Other therapeutic strategies are currently being investigated and have been shown to slow the progression of CKD. However, further studies are needed to determine whether these approaches may offer benefits in slowing the progression of CKD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Terzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Gembillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Cernaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
| | - Elisa Longhitano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calabrese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Casuscelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Peritore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU G. Martino PAD B, Messina, Italy
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30
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Chen IW, Weng HL, Hung KC. The impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on cardiac function. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 122:130-131. [PMID: 38378343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Wen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan city, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiu-Lan Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Chuan Hung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, No.901, ChungHwa Road, YungKung Dist, Tainan city 71004, Taiwan, ROC.
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Rhee JJ, Han J, Montez-Rath ME, Chertow GM. Comparative effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes and mild/moderate chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1273-1281. [PMID: 38186297 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine the comparative effectiveness regarding major cardiovascular events of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We assembled a cohort of commercially insured adult patients with T2DM in the United States (derived from Optum Clinformatics DataMart 2003-2021) who were new users of GLP-1 receptor agonists or SGLT-2 inhibitors. We compared risks of non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke in patients with and without CKD, and further categorized by CKD stage: stages G1 or G2 [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 ml/min] and A2 (urine albumin to creatinine ratio 30 to <300 mg/g) or A3 (urine albumin to creatinine ratio ≥300 mg/g), stage G3a (eGFR 45 to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 ) and stage G3b (eGFR 30 to <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 ). We used proportional hazards regression after inverse probability of treatment weighting to compute hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS After accounting for the probability of treatment, patients with T2DM and CKD treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors experienced a 14% lower risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke (hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.78-0.94) relative to those treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists. CONCLUSIONS Recognizing the potential for residual confounding, selection bias and immortal time bias, commercially insured patients in the United States with T2DM and CKD treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors experienced significantly lower risks of non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke relative to those treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnie J Rhee
- Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jialin Han
- Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Maria E Montez-Rath
- Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Glenn M Chertow
- Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Lombardi R, Mantovani A, Cespiati A, Francione P, Maffi G, Del Zanna E, Maffeis C, Colecchia A, Passigato N, Ferrarese A, Cusumanu CD, Villani R, Orsi E, Grancini V, Airaghi L, Bignamini D, Serviddio G, Targher G, Dongiovanni P, Fargion S, Fracanzani AL. Evolution of liver fibrosis in diabetic patients with NAFLD in a follow-up study: Hepatoprotective effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:551-558. [PMID: 37845152 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at high risk of hepatic fibrosis. To prospectively evaluate changes in fibrosis in diabetic patients with NAFLD, predisposing factors and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) influence. METHODS 237 T2DM outpatients (mean age 67 ± 9 years, 54% male) were enrolled and re-evaluated after 52 ± 10 months. At baseline and follow-up NAFLD and liver fibrosis (LSM) were detected by ultrasonography and Fibroscan®. RESULTS During follow-up an increase in LSM (6.0 ± 2.8 vs 5.8 ± 2.7 kPa, p = 0.02) and in the prescription of SGLT2i (20% vs 6%, p<0.001) was registered, despite stability of diabetic control. LSM worsened in 133(56%) subjects, 92 (39%) with worsening >10% from baseline. Patients with worsening versus non worsening of LSM had higher prevalence of increase in BMI during follow-up (45% vs 32%, p = 0.06) and lower SGLT2i prescription (15% vs 27%, p = 0.034). In multivariate analysis use of SGLT2-inhibitors at follow-up reduced the risk of LSM worsening (HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13-0.88), even when considered>10% from baseline. CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of fibrosis progression was observed in diabetic subjects with NAFLD over a nearly 5-years follow up and SGLT2-inhibitors seem to reduce the risk of worsening of liver stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lombardi
- SC- Medicina-Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cespiati
- SC- Medicina-Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Francione
- UO di Medicina, Azienda Ospedaliera "Card. G. Panico" di Tricase, Italy
| | - Gabriele Maffi
- SC- Medicina-Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Del Zanna
- SC- Medicina-Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, and Pediatrics, and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Colecchia
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialities, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola Passigato
- Gastroenterology Unit, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarese
- Gastroenterology Unit, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Caterina Daniela Cusumanu
- Gastroenterology Unit, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rosanna Villani
- Centro C.U.R.E, Dept. of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Orsi
- Department of Medical Science, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Ca' Granda IRCCS Foundation, Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan Italy
| | - Valeria Grancini
- Department of Medical Science, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Ca' Granda IRCCS Foundation, Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan Italy
| | - Lorena Airaghi
- SC- Medicina-Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Bignamini
- SC- Medicina-Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Centro C.U.R.E, Dept. of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- SC- Medicina-Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- SC- Medicina-Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Siafarikas C, Kapelios CJ, Papatheodoridi M, Vlachogiannakos J, Tentolouris N, Papatheodoridis G. Sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 inhibitors in liver cirrhosis: Beyond their antidiabetic use. Liver Int 2024; 44:884-893. [PMID: 38293770 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and liver cirrhosis are clinical entities that frequently coexist, but glucose-lowering medication options are limited in cirrhotic patients. Sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of glucose-lowering medication that act independently of insulin, by causing glycosuria in the proximal convoluted tubule. In this review, we aimed to briefly present the main data and to provide insight into the pathophysiology and potential usefulness of SGLT2 inhibitors in cirrhotic patients with or without T2DM. SGLT2 inhibitors have been proven useful as antidiabetic treatment in patients with metabolic liver disease, with most robust data from patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), where they also showed improvement in liver function parameters. Moreover, it has been suggested that SGLT2 inhibitors may have effects beyond their antidiabetic action. Accordingly, they have exhibited cardioprotective effects, expanding their indication in patients with heart failure without T2DM. Since decompensated liver cirrhosis and congestive heart failure share common pathophysiological features, namely renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis and sympathetic nervous system activation as well as vasopressin secretion, SGLT2 inhibitors could also be beneficial in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, even in the absence of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Siafarikas
- 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
| | - Chris J Kapelios
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplantation Unit, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Margarita Papatheodoridi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
| | - John Vlachogiannakos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
| | - George Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens "Laiko", Athens, Greece
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Martyn T, Saef J, Bansal A, Martinez KA, Block-Beach H, Hohman J, Kapadia SR, Desai MY, Estep JD, Albert NM, Starling RC, Tang WHW. Patient and Provider Factors Associated With Initiating Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGTL2is) Following FDA Approval for Heart Failure With Preserved and Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Card Fail 2024; 30:630-632. [PMID: 38367905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Trejeeve Martyn
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, Ohio; Kaufman Center for Heart Failure Treatment and Recovery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Joshua Saef
- Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital Heart Institute and Memorial Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Hollywood, Florida
| | - Agam Bansal
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kathryn A Martinez
- Primary Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Value-Based Care Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Jessica Hohman
- Primary Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Value-Based Care Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Samir R Kapadia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Milind Y Desai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Nancy M Albert
- Kaufman Center for Heart Failure Treatment and Recovery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Nursing Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Randall C Starling
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, Ohio; Kaufman Center for Heart Failure Treatment and Recovery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, Ohio; Kaufman Center for Heart Failure Treatment and Recovery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Yokose C, McCormick N, Abhishek A, Dalbeth N, Pascart T, Lioté F, Gaffo A, FitzGerald J, Terkeltaub R, Sise ME, Januzzi JL, Wexler DJ, Choi HK. The clinical benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors in people with gout. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:216-231. [PMID: 38472344 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis worldwide and is characterized by painful recurrent flares of inflammatory arthritis that are associated with a transiently increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Furthermore, gout is associated with multiple cardiometabolic-renal comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. These comorbidities, potentially combined with gout flare-related inflammation, contribute to persistent premature mortality in gout, independently of serum urate concentrations and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Although better implementation of standard gout care could improve gout outcomes, deliberate efforts to address the cardiovascular risk in patients with gout are likely to be required to reduce mortality. Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are approved for multiple indications owing to their ability to lower the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death, hospitalizations for heart failure and chronic kidney disease progression, making them an attractive treatment option for gout. These medications have also been shown to lower serum urate concentrations, the causal culprit in gout risk, and are associated with a reduced risk of incident and recurrent gout, potentially owing to their purported anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, SGLT2 inhibition could simultaneously address both the symptoms of gout and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chio Yokose
- Rheumatology & Allergy Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (RACER), Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Natalie McCormick
- Rheumatology & Allergy Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (RACER), Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tristan Pascart
- Department of Rheumatology, Lille Catholic University, Saint-Philibert Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Lioté
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR 1132 Bioscar, centre Viggo Petersen, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
- Rheumatology Department, Saint-Joseph Paris Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Angelo Gaffo
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John FitzGerald
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Veterans Health Affairs, Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Terkeltaub
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Meghan E Sise
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James L Januzzi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah J Wexler
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- MGH Diabetes Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyon K Choi
- Rheumatology & Allergy Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (RACER), Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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36
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Scoma CB, Lee DH, Money D, Eichelberger G, Usmani A, Cohen AJ, Fernandez J. The Impact of Midodrine on Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy in Patients Admitted With Systolic Heart Failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:353-358. [PMID: 38127885 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Midodrine is occasionally used off-label to treat hypotension associated with advanced heart failure (HF); however, its association with changes in prescription of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is unknown. We sought to evaluate the effect of midodrine on the GDMT prescription pattern and clinical outcomes of patients with decompensated systolic HF. We retrospectively identified 114 patients admitted to our hospital in 2020 with decompensated systolic HF who were prescribed midodrine on discharge and compared them with 358 patients with decompensated systolic HF who were not prescribed midodrine. At 6 months, the midodrine group had more initiation or up-titration of beta blockers, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors compared with the nonmidodrine group. Survival at 6 months was similar between the 2 groups, but the midodrine group had more frequent rehospitalization for HF. Our findings suggest that midodrine is associated with improved GDMT in patients with decompensated HF but may be associated with worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Scoma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Dae Hyun Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - David Money
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; and
| | - Gerry Eichelberger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; and
| | - Ahsan Usmani
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Adam J Cohen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Joel Fernandez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
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Popovic DS, Karakasis P, Koufakis T, Fragakis N, Papanas N, Mitrovic M, Gouveri E, Patoulias D. Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on continuous glucose monitoring metrics, as adjunctive to insulin in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism 2024; 153:155791. [PMID: 38232802 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to evaluate the effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) on continuous glucose monitoring metrics as adjunctive to insulin in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted through Medline (via PubMed), Cochrane Library and Google Scholar until October 25, 2023. Dual-independent study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted. Results were summarized with random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Eight RCTs were identified, involving a total of 2310 T1D patients. The use of SGLT2is on top of standard insulin therapy was associated with a significantly higher time in range (TIR) compared to placebo (mean difference (MD) 9.7 %; 95 % confidence interval (CI) [8.3, 1.11]; P < 0.001). The time above range was significantly lower in patients receiving SGLT2is (MD -8.71 %; 95 % CI [-11.62, -5.79]; P < 0.001), whereas no difference was observed regarding the time below range (TBR) (MD 0.34 %; 95 % CI [-0.17, 0.85]; P = 0.19). A significantly lower sensor-recorded mean daily glucose was noted in the group receiving SGLT2is (MD -16.55 mg/dL; 95 % CI [-19.82, -13.29]; P < 0.001). When considering the metrics of glucose variability, SGLT2is demonstrated a significant favorable effect on the mean amplitude of glucose excursions (MD -16.92 mg/dL; 95 % CI [-25.31, -8.13]; P < 0.001) and the mean standard deviation of weekly glucose levels (MD -7.67 mg/dL; 95 % CI [-11, -4.35]; P < 0.001). No significant effect was observed concerning the coefficient of variation (MD -1 %; 95 % CI [-2.39, 0.4]; P = 0.16). Regarding safety outcomes, SGLT2is were significantly linked to higher odds of diabetic ketoacidosis compared to insulin alone (OR 3.18; 95 % CI [1.79, 5.66]; P < 0.001), with no significant impact on severe hypoglycemia events (OR 1; 95 % CI [0.54, 1.85]; P = 0.1). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that in individuals with T1D, adjunct therapy with SGLT2is provides a significant benefit in terms of TIR and reduced glucose variability, without an increase in TBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djordje S Popovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Paschalis Karakasis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Fragakis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Milena Mitrovic
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Evanthia Gouveri
- Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Patoulias
- Outpatient Department of Cardiometabolic Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece
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Dhatariya K, Levy N, Russon K, Patel A, Frank C, Mustafa O, Newland-Jones P, Rayman G, Tinsley S, Dhesi J. Perioperative use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for diabetes mellitus. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:639-643. [PMID: 38290906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an increasingly common long-term condition, and suboptimal perioperative glycaemic control can lead to postoperative harms. The advent of new antidiabetic drugs, in particular glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, has enabled perioperative continuation of these medicines, thus avoiding the harms of variable rate i.v. insulin infusions whilst providing glycaemic control. There are differences between medicines regulatory agencies and organisations on how these classes that are most often used to treat diabetes mellitus, (but also in the case of SGLT2 inhibitors chronic kidney disease and heart failure in those without diabetes) should be managed in the perioperative period. In this commentary, we argue that GLP-1 receptor agonists should continue during the perioperative period and that SGLT2 inhibitors should only be omitted the day prior to a planned procedure . The reasons for the differing advice advocated between regulatory agencies and what anaesthetic practitioners should do in the face of continuing uncertainty are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Dhatariya
- Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Nicholas Levy
- Department of Anaesthetics, West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmonds, Suffolk, UK
| | - Kim Russon
- Department of Anaesthetics, The Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Rotherham, UK
| | - Anil Patel
- Department of Anaesthetics, The Royal National ENT & Eastman Dental Hospitals, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Claire Frank
- Pharmacy Department, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wrexham, UK
| | - Omar Mustafa
- Department of Diabetes, King's College Hospital, London, UK; King's College, London, UK
| | - Philip Newland-Jones
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Gerry Rayman
- Ipswich Diabetes Centre, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Ipswich, UK
| | - Sarah Tinsley
- Pharmacy, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Jugdeep Dhesi
- Department of Ageing and Health, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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39
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Heerspink HJ, Provenzano M, Vart P, Jongs N, Correa-Rotter R, Rossing P, Mark PB, Pecoits-Filho R, McMurray JJ, Langkilde AM, Wheeler DC, Toto RB, Chertow GM. Dapagliflozin and Blood Pressure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Albuminuria. Am Heart J 2024; 270:125-135. [PMID: 38367893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors decrease blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes, but the consistency and magnitude of blood pressure lowering with dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unknown. We conducted a prespecified analysis of the DAPA-CKD trial to investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients with CKD, with and without type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 4304 adults with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 25-75 mL/min/1.73m2 and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) 200-5000 mg/g were randomized to either dapagliflozin 10 mg or placebo once daily; median follow-up was 2.4 years. The primary endpoint was a composite of sustained ≥50% eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease, or death from a kidney or cardiovascular cause. Change in SBP was a prespecified outcome. RESULTS Baseline mean (SD) SBP was 137.1 mmHg (17.4). By Week 2, dapagliflozin compared to placebo reduced SBP by 3.6 mmHg (95% CI 2.8-4.4 mmHg), an effect maintained over the duration of the trial (2.9 mmHg, 2.3-3.6 mmHg). Time-averaged reductions in SBP were 3.2 mmHg (2.5-4.0 mmHg) in patients with diabetes and 2.3 mmHg (1.2-3.4 mmHg) in patients without diabetes. The time-averaged effect of dapagliflozin on diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 1.0 mmHg (0.6-1.4 mmHg); 0.8 mmHg (0.4-1.3 mmHg) in patients with diabetes and 1.4 mmHg (0.7-2.1 mmHg) in patients without diabetes. Benefits of dapagliflozin on the primary composite and secondary endpoints were evident across the spectrum of baseline SBP and DBP. CONCLUSION In patients with CKD and albuminuria, randomization to dapagliflozin was associated with modest reductions in systolic and diastolic BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiddo Jl Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michele Provenzano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Priya Vart
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Jongs
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Correa-Rotter
- The National Medical Science and Nutrition Institute Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick B Mark
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Renal & Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Roberto Pecoits-Filho
- Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI; Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - John Jv McMurray
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - David C Wheeler
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert B Toto
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX
| | - Glenn M Chertow
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Health Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
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Agarwal S, Qamar U, Fujiwara Y, Guha A, Naqash AR, Yang EH, Addison D, Barac A, Asad ZUA. The Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Cardiol 2024; 216:87-90. [PMID: 38373679 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Usama Qamar
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yu Fujiwara
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Avirup Guha
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Abdul Rafeh Naqash
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Eric H Yang
- UCLA Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel Addison
- Cardio-Oncology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ana Barac
- Inova Schar Cancer Institute and Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Zain Ul Abideen Asad
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
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Maltese G, Sinclair AJ. Comment on Kutz et al. Comparative Cardiovascular Effectiveness and Safety of SGLT-2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and DPP-4 Inhibitors According to Frailty in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2023;46:2004-2014. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:e32-e33. [PMID: 38527117 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Maltese
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Epsom and St. Helier University Hospitals, Surrey, U.K
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Alan J Sinclair
- Foundation for Diabetes Research in Older People (fDROP), Droitwich Spa, London, U.K
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Lentine KL, Miyata KN, Lam NN, Joseph C, McAdams-DeMarco M, Bae S, Chen Y, Caliskan Y, Sarabu N, Dhindsa S, Xiao H, Segev DL, Axelrod DA, Schnitzler MA. Sociodemographic disparities in sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor use among US kidney transplant recipients: An observational study of real-world pharmacy records. Clin Transplant 2024; 38:e15257. [PMID: 38563475 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent clinical trials demonstrate benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in patients with chronic kidney disease, but data on use in kidney transplant (KTx) recipients are limited. METHODS We examined a novel database linking SRTR registry data for KTx recipients (2000-2021) with outpatient fill records from a large pharmaceutical claims warehouse (2015-2021). Adult (≥18 years) KTx recipients treated with SGLT2i were compared to those who received other noninsulin diabetes medications without SGLT2i. Characteristics associated with SGLT2i use were quantified by multivariable logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio, 95%LCLaOR95%UCL). RESULTS Among 18 988 KTx recipients treated with noninsulin diabetes agents in the study period, 2224 filled an SGLT2i. Mean time from KTx to prescription was 6.7 years for SGLT2i versus 4.7 years for non-SGLT2i medications. SGLT2i use was more common in Asian adults (aOR, 1.091.311.58) and those aged > 30-59 years (compared with 18-30 years) or with BMI > 35 kg/m2 (aOR, 1.191.411.67), and trended higher with self-pay status. SGLT2i use was lower among KTx recipients who were women (aOR, .79.87.96), Black (aOR, .77.881.00) and other (aOR, .52.751.07) race, publicly insured (aOR, .82.921.03), or with less than college education (aOR, .78.87.96), and trended lower in those age 75 years and older. SGLT2i use in KTx patients increased dramatically in 2019-2021 (aOR, 5.015.636.33 vs. prior years). CONCLUSION SGLT2i use is increasing in KTx recipients but varies with factors including race, education, and insurance. While ongoing study is needed to define risks and benefits of SGLT2i use in KTx patients, attention should also focus on reducing treatment disparities related to sociodemographic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L Lentine
- Saint Louis University Transplant Center, SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kana N Miyata
- Saint Louis University Transplant Center, SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ngan N Lam
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Corey Joseph
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Sunjae Bae
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yusi Chen
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yasar Caliskan
- Saint Louis University Transplant Center, SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Sandeep Dhindsa
- Saint Louis University Transplant Center, SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Huiling Xiao
- Saint Louis University Transplant Center, SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dorry L Segev
- Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - David A Axelrod
- Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mark A Schnitzler
- Saint Louis University Transplant Center, SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Mohebi R, Liu Y, Hansen MK, Yavin Y, Sattar N, Pollock CA, Butler J, Jardine M, Masson S, Heerspink HJ, Januzzi JL. Associations of Angiopoietin 2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Concentrations with Clinical End Points. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 19:429-437. [PMID: 38099944 PMCID: PMC11020427 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin 2 regulates endothelial function partially mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and may play a role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). We assessed the association of angiopoietin 2 and VEGF-A with cardiorenal outcomes and investigated the effect of canagliflozin on angiopoietin 2 and VEGF-A concentrations. METHODS Two thousand five hundred sixty-five study participants with DKD and available plasma samples treated with canagliflozin or placebo in the Canagliflozin and Kidney Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) trial were included. Angiopoietin 2 and VEGF-A concentrations were measured at baseline, year 1, and year 3. The primary composite end point of the trial was a composite of kidney failure, doubling of the serum creatinine level, and kidney or cardiovascular death. RESULTS Patients with the highest baseline quartile of angiopoietin 2, but not VEGF-A, concentration had the highest risk clinical profile. Treatment with canagliflozin significantly lowered concentrations of angiopoietin 2 (adjusted geometric mean ratio: 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 0.95; P < 0.001), but not VEGF-A. In multivariable-adjusted modeling, each 50% increment in log baseline angiopoietin 2 concentrations was associated with a higher risk of primary composite outcome (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.43). Angiopoietin 2 change at year 1 compared with baseline explained 10% of the effect of canagliflozin on the primary composite outcome. VEGF-A concentrations were not associated with outcomes, alone or in combination with angiopoietin 2. CONCLUSIONS Higher angiopoietin 2 levels were associated with cardiorenal risk among individuals with DKD independent of VEGF-A. Canagliflozin lowered angiopoietin 2 concentrations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER Evaluation of the Effects of Canagliflozin on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Participants With Diabetic Nephropathy, NCT02065791 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohebi
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Yshai Yavin
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Baylor Scott & White Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Meg Jardine
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Serge Masson
- Roche Diagnostics International, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - Hiddo J.L. Heerspink
- Department Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - James L. Januzzi
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Heart Failure and Biomarker Trials, Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts
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Shao M, Chen D, Wang Q, Guo F, Wei F, Zhang W, Gan T, Luo Y, Fan X, Du P, Liu Y, Ma X, Ren G, Song Y, Zhao Y, Qin G. Canagliflozin regulates metabolic reprogramming in diabetic kidney disease by inducing fasting-like and aestivation-like metabolic patterns. Diabetologia 2024; 67:738-754. [PMID: 38236410 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) are antihyperglycaemic drugs that protect the kidneys of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying mechanisms mediating the renal benefits of SGLT2i are not fully understood. Considering the fuel switches that occur during therapeutic SGLT2 inhibition, we hypothesised that SGLT2i induce fasting-like and aestivation-like metabolic patterns, both of which contribute to the regulation of metabolic reprogramming in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). METHODS Untargeted and targeted metabolomics assays were performed on plasma samples from participants with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease (n=35, 11 women) receiving canagliflozin (CANA) 100 mg/day at baseline and 12 week follow-up. Next, a systematic snapshot of the effect of CANA on key metabolites and pathways in the kidney was obtained using db/db mice. Moreover, the effects of glycine supplementation in db/db mice and human proximal tubular epithelial cells (human kidney-2 [HK-2]) cells were studied. RESULTS Treatment of DKD patients with CANA for 12 weeks significantly reduced HbA1c from a median (interquartile range 25-75%) of 49.0 (44.0-57.0) mmol/mol (7.9%, [7.10-9.20%]) to 42.2 (39.7-47.7) mmol/mol (6.8%, [6.40-7.70%]), and reduced urinary albumin/creatinine ratio from 67.8 (45.9-159.0) mg/mmol to 47.0 (26.0-93.6) mg/mmol. The untargeted metabolomics assay showed downregulated glycolysis and upregulated fatty acid oxidation. The targeted metabolomics assay revealed significant upregulation of glycine. The kidneys of db/db mice undergo significant metabolic reprogramming, with changes in sugar, lipid and amino acid metabolism; CANA regulated the metabolic reprogramming in the kidneys of db/db mice. In particular, the pathways for glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, as well as the metabolite of glycine, were significantly upregulated in CANA-treated kidneys. Glycine supplementation ameliorated renal lesions in db/db mice by inhibiting food intake, improving insulin sensitivity and reducing blood glucose levels. Glycine supplementation improved apoptosis of human proximal tubule cells via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In conclusion, our study shows that CANA ameliorates DKD by inducing fasting-like and aestivation-like metabolic patterns. Furthermore, DKD was ameliorated by glycine supplementation, and the beneficial effects of glycine were probably due to the activation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Shao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Duo Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fangyi Wei
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tian Gan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xunjie Fan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peijie Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaofei Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Davila E, McCormack J. SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists for Type 2 diabetes. Acad Emerg Med 2024; 31:408-411. [PMID: 38494877 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Davila
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York City Health + Hospitals/Kings County, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - James McCormack
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Sharma A. When should we consider SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with acute decompensated heart failure? Cleve Clin J Med 2024; 91:207. [PMID: 38561204 DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.91c.04001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sharma
- Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Rendell M. Lessons learned from early-stage clinical trials for diabetic nephropathy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:287-301. [PMID: 38465470 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2326025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The evolution of treatment for diabetic nephropathy illustrates how basic biochemistry and physiology have led to new agents such as SGLT2 inhibitors and mineralocorticoid blockers. Conversely, clinical studies performed with these agents have suggested new concepts for investigational drug development. We reviewed currently available treatments for diabetic nephropathy and then analyzed early clinical trials of new agents to assess the potential for future treatment modalities. AREAS COVERED We searched ClinicalTrials.gov for new agents under study for diabetic nephropathy in the past decade. Once we have identified investigation trials of new agents, we then used search engines and Pubmed.gov to find publications providing insight on these drugs. Current treatments have shown benefit in both cardiac and renal disease. In our review, we found 51 trials and 43 pharmaceuticals in a number of drug classes: mineralocorticoid blockers, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrosis, nitric oxide stimulatory, and podocyte protection, and endothelin inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION It is difficult to predict which early phase treatments will advance to confirmatory clinical trials. Current agents are thought to improve hemodynamic function. However, the coincident benefit of both myocardial function and the glomerulus argues for primary effects at the subcellular level, and we follow the evolution of agents which modify fundamental cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Rendell
- The Association of Diabetes Investigators, Newport Coast, CA, USA
- The Rose Salter Medical Research Foundation, Newport Coast, CA, USA
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Kim H, Choi CU, Rhew K, Park J, Lim Y, Kim MG, Kim K. Comparative effects of glucose-lowering agents on endothelial function and arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2024; 391:117490. [PMID: 38452432 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite accumulating evidence on the potential of glucose-lowering agents (GLAs) to prevent cardiovascular events, the comparative effects of GLAs on vascular function remain unclear. This study utilized validated indicators such as flow-mediated dilation (FMD; positive value favors) and pulse wave velocity (PWV; negative value favors) to uncover the comparative effects of GLAs on vascular function. METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of GLAs on FMD or PWV with placebo or other GLAs in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were searched through PubMed and Embase. The frequentist method of network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted using a random effects model, and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS The NMA included 38 RCTs with 2,065 patients. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2Is) had significantly more positive effects on FMD improvement and PWV reduction than placebo. Thiazolidinedione (TZD) treatment resulted in significantly improved FMD compared to other GLAs as well as placebo (SMD: 1.14; 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.43). Both pioglitazone and rosiglitazone were discovered to have considerably more favorable effects on improving FMD and reducing PWV compared to placebo and other GLAs, as a result of the analysis incorporating each drug in the TZD class. The sensitivity analysis results corroborated the main findings. CONCLUSIONS This NMA showed more favorable effects of GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2Is than placebo in improving both arterial stiffness and endothelial function in patients with T2DM. In addition, TZDs showed superior effects in improving endothelial function as compared with the other GLAs and placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Ung Choi
- Cardiovascular Center, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyon Rhew
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejee Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Gyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungim Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea.
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Ziser KED, Wood S, Tan GSQ, Morton JI, Shaw JE, Bell JS, Ilomaki J. The association between sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors vs dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and renal outcomes in people discharged from hospital with type 2 diabetes: A population-based cohort study. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13507. [PMID: 38599885 PMCID: PMC11006598 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between post-hospital discharge use of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) and the incidence of hospitalization for acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using linked hospital and prescription data. Our cohort included people aged ≥30 years with type 2 diabetes discharged from a hospital in Victoria, Australia, from December 2013 to June 2018. We compared new users of SGLT-2is with new users of DPP-4is following discharge. People were followed from first dispensing of a SGLT-2i or DPP-4i to a subsequent hospital admission for ARF or CKD. We used competing risk models with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to estimate subhazard ratios. RESULTS In total, 9620 people initiated SGLT-2is and 9962 initiated DPP-4is. The incidence rate of ARF was 12.3 per 1000 person-years (median years of follow-up [interquartile range [IQR] 1.4 [0.7-2.2]) among SGLT-2i initiators and 18.9 per 1000 person-years (median years of follow-up [IQR] 1.7 [0.8-2.6]) among DPP-4i initiators (adjusted subhazard ratio with IPTW 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-0.86). The incidence rate of CKD was 6.0 per 1000 person-years (median years of follow-up [IQR] 1.4 [0.7-2.2]) among SGLT-2i initiators and 8.9 per 1000 person-years (median years of follow-up [IQR] 1.7 [0.8-2.6]) among DPP-4i initiators (adjusted subhazard ratio with IPTW 0.83; 95% CI 0.73-0.94). CONCLUSIONS Real-world data support using SGLT-2is over DPP-4is for preventing acute and chronic renal events in people with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. D. Ziser
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Stephen Wood
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - George S. Q. Tan
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jedidiah I. Morton
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jonathan E. Shaw
- Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - J. Simon Bell
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jenni Ilomaki
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Spasovski G, Rroji M, Hristov G, Bushljetikj O, Spahia N, Rambabova Bushletikj I. A New Hope on the Horizon for Kidney and Cardiovascular Protection with SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Type 2 Diabetic and Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:170-178. [PMID: 38386800 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition, the cardiovascular prevalence in diabetic patients is around 32.2%, with a two-fold increased mortality risk compared to those without diabetes. Recent investigations have shed light on the promising cardioprotective and nephroprotective benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), and nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (nsMRAs) for individuals with T2D. The evidence robustly indicates that SGLT2i and GLP-1RA significantly reduce the risk of CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD), all while effectively managing blood glucose levels. Furthermore, combining SGLT2i with nsMRAs amplifies the benefits, potentially offering a more profound reduction in cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The data analysis strongly supports the integration of these pharmacological agents in the management strategies for CKD and CVD prevention among T2D patients, highlighting the importance of awareness among nephrologists, especially in regions with limited healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goce Spasovski
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University Sts. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Merita Rroji
- Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Goce Hristov
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes, General Public Hospital Strumica, Strumica, North Macedonia
| | - Oliver Bushljetikj
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Sts. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nereida Spahia
- Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
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