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Liao YCZ, Pu HX, Jiao ZW, Palviainen M, Zhou X, Heinonsalo J, Berninger F, Pumpanen J, Köster K, Sun H. Enhancing boreal forest resilience: A four-year impact of biochar on soil quality and fungal communities. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127696. [PMID: 38518453 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Boreal forests commonly suffer from nutrient deficiency due to restricted biological activity and decomposition. Biochar has been used as a promising strategy to improve soil quality, yet its impacts on forest soil microbes, particularly in cold environment, remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of biochar, produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (500 °C and 650 °C) and applied at different amounts (0.5 kg·m-2 and 1.0 kg·m-2), on soil property, soil enzyme activity, and fungal community dynamics in a boreal forest over a span of two to four years. Our results showed that, four-year post-application of biochar produced at 650 °C and applied at 1.0 kg·m-2, significantly increased the relative abundance of Mortierellomycota and enhanced fungal species richness, α-diversity and evenness compared to the control (CK) (P < 0.05). Notably, the abundance of Phialocephala fortinii increased with the application of biochar produced at 500 °C and applied at 0.5 kg·m-2, exhibiting a positively correlation with the carbon cycling-related enzyme β-cellobiosidase. Functionally, distinct fungal gene structures were formed between different biochar pyrolysis temperatures, and between application amounts in four-year post-biochar application (P < 0.05). Additionally, correlation analyses revealed the significance of the duration post-biochar application on the soil properties, soil extracellular enzymes, soil fungal dominant phyla, fungal community and gene structures (P < 0.01). The interaction between biochar pyrolysis temperature and application amount significantly influenced fungal α-diversity (P < 0.01). Overall, these findings provide theoretical insights and practical application for biochar as soil amendment in boreal forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chun-Zi Liao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hong-Xiu Pu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zi-Wen Jiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Marjo Palviainen
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P. O. Box 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Jussi Heinonsalo
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P. O. Box 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Kajar Köster
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Hui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P. O. Box 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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Wang Z, Shang Y, Li Z, Song K. Analysis of taiga and tundra lake browning trends from 2002 to 2021 using MODIS data. J Environ Manage 2024; 356:120576. [PMID: 38513585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Lakes in taiga and tundra regions may be silently undergoing changes due to global warming. One of those changes is browning in lake color. The browning interacts with the carbon cycle, ecosystem dynamics, and water quality in freshwater systems. However, spatiotemporal variabilities of browning in these regions have not been well documented. Using MODIS remote sensing reflectance at near ultraviolet wavelengths from 2002 to 2021 on the Google Earth Engine platform, we quantified long-term browning trends across 7616 lakes (larger than 10 km2) in taiga and tundra biomes. These lakes showed an overall decreased trend in browning (Theil-Sen Slope = 0.00015), with ∼36% of these lakes showing browning trends, and ∼1% of these lakes showing statistically significant (p-value <0.05) browning trends. The browning trends more likely occurred in small lakes in high latitude, low ground ice content regions, where air temperature increased and precipitation decreased. While temperature is projected to increase in response to climate change, our results provide one means to understand how biogeochemical cycles and ecological dynamics respond to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingxin Shang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, China
| | - Zuchuan Li
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, 215316, China
| | - Kaishan Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, China; School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
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Houle D, Moore JD, Renaudin M. Eastern Canadian boreal forest soil and foliar chemistry show evidence of resilience to long-term nitrogen addition. Ecol Appl 2024; 34:e2958. [PMID: 38425036 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The boreal forest is one of the world's largest terrestrial biome and plays crucial roles in global biogeochemical cycles, such as carbon (C) sequestration in vegetation and soil. However, the impacts of decades of N deposition on N-limited ecosystems, like the eastern Canadian boreal forest, remain unclear. For 13 years, N deposition was simulated by periodically adding ammonium nitrate on soils of two boreal coniferous forests (i.e., balsam fir and black spruce) of eastern Canada, at low (LN) and high (HN) rates, corresponding to 3 and 10 times the ambient N deposition, respectively. We show that more than a decade of N addition had no strong effects on mineral soil C, N, P, and cation concentrations and on foliar total Ca, K, Mg, and Mn concentrations. In organic soil, C stock was not affected by N addition while N stock increased, and exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ decreased at the balsam fir site under HN treatment. At both sites, LN treatment had nearly no impact on foliage and soil chemistry but foliar N and N:P significantly increased under HN treatment, potentially leading to foliar nutrient imbalance. Overall, our work indicates that, in the eastern Canadian boreal forest, soil and foliar nutrient concentrations and stocks are resilient to increasing N deposition potentially because, in the context of N limitation, extra N would be rapidly immobilized by soil micro-organisms and vegetation. These findings could improve modeling future boreal forest soil C stocks and biomass growth and could help in planning forest management strategies in eastern Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Houle
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-David Moore
- Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Ressources naturelles et des Forêts, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Renaudin
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Neimane-Šroma S, Durand M, Lintunen A, Aalto J, Robson TM. Shedding light on the increased carbon uptake by a boreal forest under diffuse solar radiation across multiple scales. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17275. [PMID: 38624252 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Solar radiation is scattered by cloud cover, aerosols and other particles in the atmosphere, all of which are affected by global changes. Furthermore, the diffuse fraction of solar radiation is increased by more frequent forest fires and likewise would be if climate interventions such as stratospheric aerosol injection were adopted. Forest ecosystem studies predict that an increase in diffuse radiation would result in higher productivity, but ecophysiological data are required to identify the processes responsible within the forest canopy. In our study, the response of a boreal forest to direct, diffuse and heterogeneous solar radiation conditions was examined during the daytime in the growing season to determine how carbon uptake is affected by radiation conditions at different scales. A 10-year data set of ecosystem, shoot and forest floor vegetation carbon and water-flux data was examined. Ecosystem-level carbon assimilation was higher under diffuse radiation conditions in comparison with direct radiation conditions at equivalent total photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). This was driven by both an increase in shoot and forest floor vegetation photosynthetic rate. Most notably, ecosystem-scale productivity was strongly related to the absolute amount of diffuse PAR, since it integrates both changes in total PAR and diffuse fraction. This finding provides a gateway to explore the processes by which absolute diffuse PAR enhances productivity, and the long-term persistence of this effect under scenarios of higher global diffuse radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Neimane-Šroma
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maxime Durand
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lintunen
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Forest Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Aalto
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Matthew Robson
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- UK National School of Forestry, University of Cumbria, Ambleside, UK
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Zhang Y, Hobbie SE, Schlesinger WH, Berg B, Sun T, Zhu J. Exchangeable manganese regulates carbon storage in the humus layer of the boreal forest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318382121. [PMID: 38502702 PMCID: PMC10990092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318382121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The huge carbon stock in humus layers of the boreal forest plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle. However, there remains uncertainty about the factors that regulate below-ground carbon sequestration in this region. Notably, based on evidence from two independent but complementary methods, we identified that exchangeable manganese is a critical factor regulating carbon accumulation in boreal forests across both regional scales and the entire boreal latitudinal range. Moreover, in a novel fertilization experiment, manganese addition reduced soil carbon stocks, but only after 4 y of additions. Our results highlight an underappreciated mechanism influencing the humus carbon pool of boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
| | - William H. Schlesinger
- Earth and Climate Sciences Division, The Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC27710
| | - Björn Berg
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, HelsinkiFIN-00014, Finland
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Jiaojun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
- Qingyuan Forest Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, National Observation and Research Station, Liaoning Province, Shenyang110016, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Management of Non-commercial Forests, Shenyang110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, Shenyang110016, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences-Campbell Scientific Inc. Joint Laboratory of Research and Development for Monitoring Forest Fluxes of Trace Gases and Isotope Elements, Shenyang110016, China
- Sino-USA Joint Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Shenyang110016, China
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6
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Kirdyanov AV, Saurer M, Arzac A, Knorre AA, Prokushkin AS, Churakova Sidorova OV, Arosio T, Bebchuk T, Siegwolf R, Büntgen U. Thawing permafrost can mitigate warming-induced drought stress in boreal forest trees. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168858. [PMID: 38030001 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Perennially frozen soil, also known as permafrost, is important for the functioning and productivity of most of the boreal forest, the world's largest terrestrial biome. A better understanding of complex vegetation-permafrost interrelationships is needed to predict changes in local- to large-scale carbon, nutrient, and water cycle dynamics under future global warming. Here, we analyze tree-ring width and tree-ring stable isotope (C and O) measurements of Gmelin larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr.) from six permafrost sites in the northern taiga of central Siberia. Our multi-parameter approach shows that changes in tree growth were predominantly controlled by the air and topsoil temperature and moisture content of the active soil and upper permafrost layers. The observed patterns range from strong growth limitations by early summer temperatures at higher elevations to significant growth controls by precipitation at warmer and well-drained lower-elevation sites. Enhanced radial tree growth is mainly found at sites with fast thawing upper mineral soil layers, and the comparison of tree-ring isotopes over five-year periods with different amounts of summer precipitation indicates that trees can prevent drought stress by accessing water from melted snow and seasonally frozen soil. Identifying the active soil and upper permafrost layers as central water resources for boreal tree growth during dry summers demonstrates the complexity of ecosystem responses to climatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Kirdyanov
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK; Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Federal Research Center 'Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS', 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, Russian Federation; Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Svobodnii 79, Russian Federation.
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Arzac
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Svobodnii 79, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia A Knorre
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Svobodnii 79, Russian Federation; National Park "Krasnoyarsk Stolby", Krasnoyarsk 660006, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly S Prokushkin
- Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Federal Research Center 'Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS', 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, Russian Federation; Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Svobodnii 79, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Churakova Sidorova
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Svobodnii 79, Russian Federation; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Tito Arosio
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK
| | - Tatiana Bebchuk
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK
| | - Rolf Siegwolf
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Department of Geography, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Centre, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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7
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Lam WY, Mackereth RW, Mitchell CPJ. Mercury concentrations and export from small central Canadian boreal forest catchments before, during, and after forest harvest. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168691. [PMID: 37996028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Northern boreal forests are a strong sink for mercury (Hg), a global contaminant of significant concern to wildlife and human health. Mercury stored in forest soils can be mobilized via runoff and erosion, and under suitable conditions can be methylated to its much more bioaccumulative form, methylmercury. Forest harvesting can affect the mobilization and methylation of Hg, though the direction and magnitude of the impact is unclear or conflicting across previous studies. This study examined 5 harvested and 2 reference watersheds in northwestern Ontario, Canada, before, during, and after harvest to quantify changes in stream total and methylmercury concentration and loads and identified potential landscape and management factors that contribute to differences in stream response. In watersheds where streams were buffered by natural vegetation (≥30 m), no significant changes in total Hg or methylmercury concentrations or loads were observed. Significant increases in methylmercury concentrations and loads were observed downstream of a stream crossing in a watershed where the relatively small stream was unmapped and therefore only buffered by a 3 m machine exclusion zone. These results show that when current best management practices that minimize soil and water disturbance are followed, harvest can have a minimal impact on total and methylmercury loads, even in extensively harvested watersheds. However, there is a need for improved mapping of small streams to ensure best management practices are applied adequately across the landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Lam
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R W Mackereth
- Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - C P J Mitchell
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Huang H, Mackereth RW, Mitchell CPJ. Impacts of forest harvesting on mercury concentrations and methylmercury production in boreal forest soils and stream sediment. Environ Pollut 2024; 341:122966. [PMID: 37981183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is the most neurotoxic and bioaccumulative form of mercury (Hg) present in the terrestrial and aquatic food sources of boreal ecosystems, posing potential risks to wildlife and human health. Harvesting impacts on Hg methylation and MeHg concentrations in forest soils and stream sediment are not fully understood. In this study, a field investigation was carried out in 4 harvested and 2 unharvested boreal forest watersheds, before and after harvest, to better understand impacts on Hg methylation and MeHg concentration in soils and stream sediment, including their responses to different forest management practices. Changes in total Hg (THg) and MeHg concentrations, first-order potential rate constants for Hg methylation and MeHg demethylation (Kmeth and Kdemeth) as well as total carbon content and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio post-harvest in upland, wetland and riparian soils and stream sediment were assessed and compared. Increases in MeHg production were minimal in upland, wetland or riparian soils after harvest. Sediment in streams with minor buffer protection (∼3 m), greater fractions (>75%) of harvested watershed area and more road construction had significantly increased THg and MeHg concentrations, %-MeHg, Kmeth and total carbon content post-harvest. From these patterns, we infer that inputs of carbon and inorganic Hg into harvest-impacted stream sediment are likely sourced from the harvested upland areas and stimulate in situ MeHg production in stream sediment. These findings indicate the importance of stream sediment as potential MeHg pools in harvested forest watersheds. The findings also demonstrate that forest management practices aiming to mitigate organic matter and Hg inputs to streams can effectively alleviate harvesting impacts on Hg methylation and MeHg concentrations in stream sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Huang
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert W Mackereth
- Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Carl P J Mitchell
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Shi L, Liu H, Wang L, Peng R, He H, Liang B, Cao J. Transitional responses of tree growth to climate warming at the southernmost margin of high latitudinal permafrost distribution. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168503. [PMID: 37952654 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The marked increase in temperature warming and permafrost degradation has raised apprehensions about the fate of forests of boreal forests in permafrost regions. However, the impact of climate on tree growth is not limited to direct effects but also involves complex interactions with permafrost. The degradation of permafrost poses a threat to forest growth that has received insufficient attention thus far, after analyzing the impact of permafrost degradation and climate on Dahurican larch (Larix gmelinii) growth from six forest sites with two maximum active layer thickness (ALT) classifications (more and less than tree root length) across the southern margin of the permafrost region. We found that accompanying the continued degradation of permafrost, tree growth was inhibited (slope = -0.67, p < 0.05) by the degradation of permafrost and the growth-climate relationship was shifted from positive to negative at maximum ALT less than tree root length sites. However, the growth rate of trees significantly accelerated (slope = 5.46, p < 0.05) at maximum ALT more than tree root length sites. Path analysis indicated that tree growth did not benefit from temperature warming and more stress could be caused by waterlogging due to permafrost degradation at maximum ALT less than tree root length sites, however, enhanced tree growth primarily by reducing the physical spatial constraints and root layer additional water source with permafrost degradation at maximum ALT more than tree root length sites. It also implies that the matchiness between tree root and maximum active layer depth is critical to the effect of permafrost degradation on tree growth. The transitional response to climate warming and the opposite trend of tree growth at two ALT classification sites suggest that future tree growth responds to the different stages of permafrost degradation differently. Our study provides a new insight on permafrost degradation impact on tree growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ruonan Peng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Honglin He
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boyi Liang
- College of Forestry, Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
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Labadie G, Bouderbala I, Boulanger Y, Béland JM, Hébert C, Allard A, Hebblewhite M, Fortin D. The umbrella value of caribou management strategies for biodiversity conservation in boreal forests under global change. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:168087. [PMID: 37879475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Single-species conservation management is often proposed to preserve biodiversity in human-disturbed landscapes. How global change will impact the umbrella value of single-species management strategies remains an open question of critical conservation importance. We assessed the effectiveness of threatened boreal caribou as an umbrella for bird and beetle conservation under global change. We combined mechanistic, spatially explicit models of forest dynamics and predator-prey interactions to forecast the impact of management strategies on the survival of boreal caribou in boreal forest. We then used predictive models of species occupancy to characterize concurrent impacts on bird and beetle diversity. Landscapes were simulated based on three scenarios of climate change and four of forest management. We found that strategies that best mitigate human impact on boreal caribou were an effective umbrella for maintaining bird and beetle assemblages. While we detected a stronger effect of land-use change compared to climate change, the umbrella value of management strategies for caribou habitat conservation were still impacted by the severity of climate change. Our results showed an interplay among changes in forest attributes, boreal caribou mortality, as well as bird and beetle species assemblages. The conservation status of some species mandates the development of recovery strategies, highlighting the importance of our study which shows that single-species conservation can have important umbrella benefits despite global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillemette Labadie
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Ilhem Bouderbala
- Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Département de physique, de génie physique et d'optique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yan Boulanger
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Quebec City, QC G1V4C7, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Béland
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Quebec City, QC G1V4C7, Canada
| | - Christian Hébert
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Quebec City, QC G1V4C7, Canada
| | - Antoine Allard
- Département de physique, de génie physique et d'optique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mark Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Daniel Fortin
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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11
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Kim JE, Wang JA, Li Y, Czimczik CI, Randerson JT. Wildfire-induced increases in photosynthesis in boreal forest ecosystems of North America. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17151. [PMID: 38273511 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Observations of the annual cycle of atmospheric CO2 in high northern latitudes provide evidence for an increase in terrestrial metabolism in Arctic tundra and boreal forest ecosystems. However, the mechanisms driving these changes are not yet fully understood. One proposed hypothesis is that ecological change from disturbance, such as wildfire, could increase the magnitude and change the phase of net ecosystem exchange through shifts in plant community composition. Yet, little quantitative work has evaluated this potential mechanism at a regional scale. Here we investigate how fire disturbance influences landscape-level patterns of photosynthesis across western boreal North America. We use Alaska and Canadian large fire databases to identify the perimeters of wildfires, a Landsat-derived land cover time series to characterize plant functional types (PFTs), and solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) as a proxy for photosynthesis. We analyze these datasets to characterize post-fire changes in plant succession and photosynthetic activity using a space-for-time approach. We find that increases in herbaceous and sparse vegetation, shrub, and deciduous broadleaf forest PFTs during mid-succession yield enhancements in SIF by 8-40% during June and July for 2- to 59-year stands relative to pre-fire controls. From the analysis of post-fire land cover changes within individual ecoregions and modeling, we identify two mechanisms by which fires contribute to long-term trends in SIF. First, increases in annual burning are shifting the stand age distribution, leading to increases in the abundance of shrubs and deciduous broadleaf forests that have considerably higher SIF during early- and mid-summer. Second, fire appears to facilitate a long-term shift from evergreen conifer to broadleaf deciduous forest in the Boreal Plain ecoregion. These findings suggest that increasing fire can contribute substantially to positive trends in seasonal CO2 exchange without a close coupling to long-term increases in carbon storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuk E Kim
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jonathan A Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Claudia I Czimczik
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - James T Randerson
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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12
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Löfroth T, Merinero S, Johansson J, Nordström EM, Sahlström E, Sjögren J, Ranius T. "Land-sparing benefits biodiversity while land-sharing benefits ecosystem services": Stakeholders' perspectives on biodiversity conservation strategies in boreal forests. Ambio 2024; 53:20-33. [PMID: 37819440 PMCID: PMC10692042 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity conservation and economic profit from forests can be combined by various land-sparing and land-sharing approaches. Using a semi-structured survey, we evaluated support for scenarios representing contrasting conservation strategies in a managed boreal forest landscape. Land-sparing approaches were supported by the conservation organisation, regional administrations and the forest company, mainly motivated by the benefit for biodiversity based on ecological theory. Land-sharing approaches were supported by one recreational organisation, some municipalities and the forest owners' association, mainly motivated by the delivery of ecosystem services. Stakeholder groups using certain ecosystem services had motivations that we related to an anthropocentric mindset, while others focused more on species conservation, which can be related both to an anthropocentric or an ecocentric mindsets. Forest conservation planning should consider stakeholders' preferences to handle land-use conflicts. Since reaching consensus among multiple stakeholders seems unfeasible, a combination of land-sparing and land-sharing approaches is probably the best compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Löfroth
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Sonia Merinero
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Johanna Johansson
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, 141 89, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Eva-Maria Nordström
- Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emma Sahlström
- Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7012, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Sjögren
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Ranius
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Krebs CJ, Kenney AJ, Gilbert BS, Boonstra R. Long-term monitoring of cycles in Clethrionomys rutilus in the Yukon boreal forest. Integr Zool 2024; 19:27-36. [PMID: 36892189 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Baseline studies of small rodent populations in undisturbed ecosystems are rare. We report here 50 years of monitoring and experimentation in Yukon of a dominant rodent species in the North American boreal forest, the red-backed vole Clethrionomys rutilus. These voles breed in summer, weigh 20-25 g, and reach a maximum density of 20 to 25 per ha. Their populations have shown consistent 3-4-year cycles for the last 50 years with the only change being that peak densities averaged 8/ha until 2000 and 18/ha since that year. During the last 25 years, we have measured food resources, predator numbers, and winter weather, and for 1-year social interactions, to estimate their contribution to changes in the rate of summer increase and the rate of overwinter decline. All these potential limiting factors could contribute to changes in density, and we measured their relative contributions statistically with multiple regressions. The rate of winter decline in density was related to both food supply and winter severity. The rate of summer increase was related to summer berry crops and white spruce cone production. No measure of predator numbers was related to winter or summer changes in vole abundance. There was a large signal of climate change effects in these populations. There is no density dependence in summer population growth and only a weak one in winter population declines. None of our results provide a clear understanding of what generates 3-4-year cycles in these voles, and the major missing piece may be an understanding of social interactions at high density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Krebs
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alice J Kenney
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B Scott Gilbert
- Renewable Resources Management Program, Yukon University, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada
| | - Rudy Boonstra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Tang Y, Du E, Guo H, Wang Y, Peñuelas J, Reich PB. Rapid migration of Mongolian oak into the southern Asian boreal forest. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17002. [PMID: 37916481 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The migration of trees induced by climatic warming has been observed at many alpine treelines and boreal-tundra ecotones, but the migration of temperate trees into southern boreal forest remains less well documented. We conducted a field investigation across an ecotone of temperate and boreal forests in northern Greater Khingan Mountains of northeast China. Our analysis demonstrates that Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica), an important temperate tree species, has migrated rapidly into southern boreal forest in synchrony with significant climatic warming over the past century. The average rate of migration is estimated to be 12.0 ± 1.0 km decade-1 , being slightly slower than the movement of isotherms (14.7 ± 6.4 km decade-1 ). The migration rate of Mongolian oak is the highest observed among migratory temperate trees (average rate 4.0 ± 1.0 km decade-1 ) and significantly higher than the rates of tree migration at boreal-tundra ecotones (0.9 ± 0.4 km decade-1 ) and alpine treelines (0.004 ± 0.003 km decade-1 ). Compared with the coexisting dominant boreal tree species, Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii), temperate Mongolian oak is observed to have significantly lower capacity for light acquisition, comparable water-use efficiency but stronger capacity to utilize nutrients especially the most limiting nutrient, nitrogen. In the context of climatic warming, and in addition to a high seed dispersal capacity and potential thermal niche differences, the advantage of nutrient utilization, reflected by foliar elementomes and stable nitrogen isotope ratios, is also likely a key mechanism for Mongolian oak to coexist with Dahurian larch and facilitate its migration toward boreal forest. These findings highlight a rapid deborealization of southern Asian boreal forest in response to climatic warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Enzai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Peter B Reich
- Institute for Global Change Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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15
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Tumajer J, Altman J, Lehejček J. Linkage between growth phenology and climate-growth responses along landscape gradients in boreal forests. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167153. [PMID: 37730045 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Boreal forests represent an important carbon sink and, therefore, significantly contribute to climate change mitigation. Tree-ring width series of boreal species reflect climate variation at the moment of tree-ring formation but also lagged climatic effects from dormancy preceding tree-ring formation and antecedent growing seasons. However, little is known about how the growth sensitivity to climate in specific intra-annual periods varies across the landscape. Here, we assessed growth responses to climate variation during the 45 months preceding the tree-ring formation for nine boreal stands of Picea glauca and Picea mariana distributed along the gradients of elevation and slope aspect. We combined process-based modeling of wood formation and remote sensing data to determine growth phenology at each site. Next, we classified intra-annual seasons with significant climate-growth correlations based on the timing of dormancy and growth periods. Both the phenology and the climate-growth relationships systematically shifted with elevation and, to a lower extent, also with slope orientation at the treeline. The mean duration of the growing season varied between 100 days at treelines above 900 m and 160 days at lowlands below 500 m. The growth at treelines was stimulated by temperature in the summer of the tree-ring formation year and two years before tree-ring formation. The period of significant climate-growth correlations during the current summer did not exceed three months in agreement with the local duration of the growing season. The growth of trees in lower elevations was instead stimulated by high temperature during the dormancy periods but restricted by high temperature in antecedent summer seasons. In conclusion, our study highlights the linkage between the timing of climate-growth sensitivity and growth phenology, primarily determined by proximity to the treeline. Consequently, accounting for landscape gradients in growth phenology is crucial for upscaling the climatic limits of boreal stands' growth as climate change progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tumajer
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Lehejček
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Pasteurova 15, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; Department of Environmental Security, Faculty of Logistics and Crisis Management, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Studentské nám. 1532, 686 01 Uherské Hradiště, Czech Republic
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16
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Blattert C, Eyvindson K, Mönkkönen M, Raatikainen KJ, Triviño M, Duflot R. Enhancing multifunctionality in European boreal forests: The potential role of Triad landscape functional zoning. J Environ Manage 2023; 348:119250. [PMID: 37864945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Land-use policies aim at enhancing the sustainable use of natural resources. The Triad approach has been suggested to balance the social, ecological, and economic demands of forested landscapes. The core idea is to enhance multifunctionality at the landscape level by allocating landscape zones with specific management priorities, i.e., production (intensive management), multiple use (extensive management), and conservation (forest reserves). We tested the efficiency of the Triad approach and identified the respective proportion of above-mentioned zones needed to enhance multifunctionality in Finnish forest landscapes. Through a simulation and optimization framework, we explored a range of scenarios of the three zones and evaluated how changing their relative proportion (each ranging from 0 to 100%) impacted landscape multifunctionality, measured by various biodiversity and ecosystem service indicators. The results show that maximizing multifunctionality required around 20% forest area managed intensively, 50% extensively, and 30% allocated to forest reserves. In our case studies, such landscape zoning represented a good compromise between the studied multifunctionality components and maintained 61% of the maximum achievable net present value (i.e., total timber economic value). Allocating specific proportion of the landscape to a management zone had distinctive effects on the optimized economic or multifunctionality values. Net present value was only moderately impacted by shifting from intensive to extensive management, while multifunctionality benefited from less intensive and more diverse management regimes. This is the first study to apply Triad in a European boreal forest landscape, highlighting the usefulness of this approach. Our results show the potential of the Triad approach in promoting forest multifunctionality, as well as a strong trade-off between net present value and multifunctionality. We conclude that simply applying the Triad approach does not implicitly contribute to an overall increase in forest multifunctionality, as careful forest management planning still requires clear landscape objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Blattert
- Forest Resources and Management, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland; School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Kyle Eyvindson
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NMBU, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1433, Ås, Norway; Natural Resource Institute Finland (LUKE), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mikko Mönkkönen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland; School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Kaisa J Raatikainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland; School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland; Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Survontie 9A, 40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - María Triviño
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland; School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Rémi Duflot
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland; School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
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17
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Kravchenko I, Rayko M, Sokornova S, Tikhonova E, Konopkin A, Lapidus A. Analysis of rhizosphere fungal community of agricultural crops cultivated in laboratory experiments on Chernevaya taiga soil. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:27. [PMID: 38057541 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Chernevaya taiga of Western Siberia, Russia, is a unique ecosystem characterized by fertile soil, exceptionally large herbaceous plant sizes, and extraordinarily rapid rates of plant residue degradation. We expected that growing crops on soil collected from Chernevaya taiga, which has never been used for agricultural purposes before, would result in a distinct rhizospheric fungal community. This community could potentially yield novel, potent biostimulators and biocontrol fungi for modern agriculture. To check this idea, we used high-throughput ITS sequencing to examine the microbial communities in the rhizosphere of spring wheat and radish grown in greenhouse experiments on Chernevaya and control soils. Additionally, representative fungal strains were isolated and assessed for their ability to promote growth in wheat seedlings. The study revealed that the most abundant phyla in the rhizospheric fungal community were Mortierellomycota, primarily consisting of Mortierella species, and Ascomycota. Mucor and Umbelopsis comprised the majority of Mucoromycota in the control soils. Fusarium and Oidiodendron, two potentially plant-pathogenic fungi, were only found in the rhizosphere of crops grown in the control soil. Conversely, Chernevaya soil contained a diverse range of potential biocontrol fungi for plants. Tested novel fungal isolates showed a stimulating effect on the development of wheat seedlings and positively affected their rate of biomass accumulation. The results of the study demonstrate that the soil of Chernevaya taiga do indeed contain fungi with prominent potential to stimulate agricultural plants growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kravchenko
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Rayko
- Center for Bioinformatics and Algorithmic Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sophie Sokornova
- Department of Phytotoxicology and Biotechnology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, 196608, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Tikhonova
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey Konopkin
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla Lapidus
- Center for Bioinformatics and Algorithmic Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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18
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Jiang X, Cai H, Yang X. Response of active layer thickening to wildfire in the pan-Arctic region: Permafrost type and vegetation type influences. Sci Total Environ 2023; 902:166132. [PMID: 37562624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Northern high-latitude permafrost holds the largest soil carbon pool in the world. Understanding the responses of permafrost to wildfire is crucial for improving our ability to predict permafrost degradation and further carbon emissions. Recently, studies have demonstrated that wildfires in the pan-Arctic region induced the thickening of the active layer based on site or fire event observations. However, how this induced thickening is influenced by vegetation and permafrost types remains not fully understood due to the lack of wall-to-wall analysis. Therefore, this study employed remotely sensed fire data and modelled active layer thickness (ALT) to identify the fire-induced ALT change (ΔALT) for the pan-Arctic region, and the contributions of vegetation and permafrost were quantified using the random forest (RF) model. Our results showed that the average ΔALT and the sensitivity of ΔALT to burn severity both increased with decreasing ground ice content in permafrost. The largest values were detected in thick permafrost with low ground ice content. Regarding vegetation, the average and sensitivity of ΔALT in tundra were highest, followed by those in forest and shrub. When the individual environmental factors were all taken into account, the results showed that the contribution of vegetation types was much higher than that of permafrost types (20.2 % vs. 3.5 %). Our findings highlighted the importance of environmental factors in regulating the responses of permafrost to fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaohuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Ding C, Meng Y, Huang W, Xie Q. Varying effects of tree cover on relationships between satellite-observed vegetation greenup date and spring temperature across Eurasian boreal forests. Sci Total Environ 2023; 899:165650. [PMID: 37474076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Earth observation satellites have facilitated the quantification of how vegetation phenology responds to climate warming on large scales. However, satellite image pixels may contain a mixture of multiple vegetation types or species with diverse phenological responses to climate variability. It is unclear how these mixed pixels affect the statistical relationships between satellite-derived vegetation phenology and climate factors. Here, we aim to investigate the impacts of percent tree cover (PTC), a measure of mixed pixel, on the statistical relationships between satellite-derived vegetation greenup date (GUD) and spring air temperature across Eurasian boreal forests at a 0.05° spatial resolution. We estimated GUD using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time series data. The responses of GUD to interannual variation in spring temperature (April to May) during 2001-2020 were characterized by correlation coefficient (RTAM) and sensitivity (STAM). We then evaluated the local impacts of PTC on spatial variations in RTAM and STAM using partial correlation analysis through spatial moving windows. Our results indicate that, for most areas, forests with higher PTC were associated with stronger RTAM and STAM. Moreover, PTC had stronger local impacts on RTAM and STAM than mean annual temperature and temperature seasonality for 37.3% and 27.4% of the moving windows, respectively. These impacts were spatially varying and different among forest types. Specifically, deciduous broadleaf forests and deciduous needleleaf forests tend to have a higher proportion of these impacts compared to other forest types. Our findings demonstrate the nonnegligible effects of PTC on the statistical responses of GUD to temperature variability at coarse spatial resolution (0.05°) across Eurasian boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ding
- Center for Territorial Spatial Planning and Real Estate Studies, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenjiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiaoyun Xie
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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20
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Wang K, Wang Y, Wen H, Zhang X, Yu J, Wang Q, Han S, Wang W. Biomass carbon sink stability of conifer and broadleaf boreal forests: differently associated with plant diversity and mycorrhizal symbionts? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:115337-115359. [PMID: 37882924 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Forest biomass carbon stability is crucial in achieving carbon neutrality in the high-latitude northern hemisphere, and identifying the differences among forest types and decoupling their associations with plant traits and geoclimatic conditions is the basis for precise forest management. We conducted a large-scale field survey in state-owned forest areas in northeastern China, covering a total of 280,000 km2 forest area, 1275 arbor plots (30 m × 30 m), 5285 shrub plots (5 m × 5 m), and 7076 herb plots (1 m × 1 m). We hypothesized that the conifer and broadleaf forest differences in biomass carbon (C) storage and stability (environmental stability to climatic changes-ES and recalcitrant stability to be decomposed-RS) are associated with mycorrhizal abundance (EcM: ectomycorrhizal, AM: arbuscular mycorrhizal, NM-AM: non-mycorrhizal or arbuscular mycorrhizal), taxon diversity traits (richness, Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, and evenness), and structural differences (diameter, height, and density) in the arbor, shrub, and herb layers. Our results showed that (1) conifer forests had 13.1 Mg/ha higher C stocks and 30.9% higher RS, but 8.6% lower ES than broadleaf forests (p < 0.05). Trees in conifer forests had 1.5 m taller and 2.4 cm thicker trees, but 15% less tree density than those in broadleaf forests. Herbs in conifer forests were 14% shorter and 57% denser than in broadleaf forests. (2) The abundance of EcM-symbiont trees in conifer forests was 15% higher than in broadleaf forests, while their EcM-symbiont shrubs and AM-symbiont herbs were 5-6% lower (p < 0.05). Broadleaf forests had 7% higher tree richness and 19% higher herb richness but 9% lower shrub richness than conifer forests (p < 0.05). Tree and herb evenness was 5-6% higher in conifer forests (p < 0.05). (3) Variations of biomass C sink traits could be explained more by plant diversity in conifer forests (7%) than in broadleaf forests (3.4%). Mycorrhizal symbionts could explain more in broadleaf forests (9.7%) than conifer forests (6.7%). In conifer forests, fewer EcM trees (higher AM trees) and AM herbs, higher tree richness were accompanied by higher biomass C storage and ES. Broadleaf forests underwent similar changes, characterized by an elevation in both RS and ES. (4) Our research emphasized that variations in carbon sequestration between conifer and broadleaf forests could be attributed to mycorrhizal symbionts and species diversity besides tree size-related structural differences. Our findings support the precise management of boreal forests to achieve carbon neutrality based on leaf blade types, plant diversity, and mycorrhizal symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Hui Wen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qinggui Wang
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Shijie Han
- College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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21
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Harrow-Lyle TJ, Lam WY, Emilson EJS, Mackereth RW, Mitchell CPJ, Melles SJ. Watershed characteristics and chemical properties govern methyl mercury concentrations within headwater streams of boreal forests in Ontario, Canada. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118526. [PMID: 37418824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations in boreal headwater streams are influenced by complex natural processes and disturbances such as forestry management. Understanding drivers of MeHg within boreal streams in Ontario, Canada, is of particular interest as there are legacy MeHg concerns. However, models accounting for the complexity of underlying processes have not yet been developed. We assessed how catchment characteristics and stream water chemistry influence MeHg concentrations within 19 watersheds of the Dryden - Wabigoon Forest in Ontario, Canada, using a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. Despite the study area encompassing a large variation of boreal forest watersheds in the Canadian Shield, our SEM had substantial explanatory power across the region (χ251 = 45.37, p-value = 0.70, R2 = 0.75). Nitrate concentrations (p-value <0.001), water temperature (p-value = 0.002), and the latent watershed characteristic (p-value <0.001) had a positive influence on MeHg concentrations once variable interactions were accounted. Due to the inherent strengths of applying an SEM approach, we describe two plausible pathways driving MeHg concentrations: 1) indirect effect of forest-derived nutrients increases in-situ MeHg production in Dryden - Wabigoon Forest streams, and 2) direct supply of MeHg from inundated soils following consistent precipitation and inundation events (i.e., fill, sit, and spill).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Harrow-Lyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 43 Gerrard St, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K, Canada.
| | - Wai Ying Lam
- University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Erik J S Emilson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street E., Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada.
| | - Robert W Mackereth
- Ministry Natural Resources and Forestry, 421 James St., Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7E 2V6, Canada.
| | - Carl P J Mitchell
- University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Stephanie J Melles
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 43 Gerrard St, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K, Canada.
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22
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Kujala H, Minunno F, Junttila V, Mikkonen N, Mäkelä A, Virkkala R, Akujärvi A, Leikola N, Heikkinen RK. Role of data uncertainty when identifying important areas for biodiversity and carbon in boreal forests. Ambio 2023; 52:1804-1818. [PMID: 37656359 PMCID: PMC10562324 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Forest conservation plays a central role in meeting national and international biodiversity and climate targets. Biodiversity and carbon values within forests are often estimated with models, introducing uncertainty to decision making on which forest stands to protect. Here, we explore how uncertainties in forest variable estimates affect modelled biodiversity and carbon patterns, and how this in turn introduces variability in the selection of new protected areas. We find that both biodiversity and carbon patterns were sensitive to alterations in forest attributes. Uncertainty in features that were rare and/or had dissimilar distributions with other features introduced most variation to conservation plans. The most critical data uncertainty also depended on what fraction of the landscape was being protected. Forests of highest conservation value were more robust to data uncertainties than forests of lesser conservation value. Identifying critical sources of model uncertainty helps to effectively reduce errors in conservation decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini Kujala
- Finnish Natural History Museum, University of Helsinki, (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13), P.O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francesco Minunno
- Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Junttila
- Finnish Environment Institute Syke, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ninni Mikkonen
- Finnish Environment Institute Syke, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raimo Virkkala
- Finnish Environment Institute Syke, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Akujärvi
- Finnish Environment Institute Syke, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niko Leikola
- Finnish Environment Institute Syke, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto K. Heikkinen
- Finnish Environment Institute Syke, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Fortin D, Cimon-Morin J. Public opinion on the conflict between the conservation of at-risk species and the extraction of natural resources: The case of caribou in boreal forest. Sci Total Environ 2023; 897:165433. [PMID: 37437641 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Conflicts between economic development and conservation are increasingly hampering efforts to restore imperiled wildlife populations. Public opinion can influence how these conflicts translate into conservation actions, encouraging stakeholders to express their views through various public channels. The outcome of these campaigns typically remains unknown. Via an online survey, we collected to the opinion of 1000 citizens of Québec, Canada, regarding the ongoing conflict between logging and the conservation of at-risk caribou populations (Rangifer tarandus). We found that people expect conservation actions that are sufficient to recover caribou populations, even if millions of government investment are required and jobs are lost in the process. When respondents learned that academic caribou researchers indicated that the two management strategies being studied by government would be insufficient for population recovery, one-third withdrew their support for either strategy. Age, gender and education all explain variation in public opinion, but it was the region of residence that most consistently explained variation in opinion. Residents of caribou-inhabited regions were less concerned about caribou conservation and more supportive of forestry than residents of other regions, reflecting regional differences in expected economic impacts of conservation, not negative interactions with caribou. In fact, most people supported strong conservation actions for the recovery of caribou populations, regardless of their socio-demographics. Our analysis provides general insights into how public opinion on the trade-off between conservation and economy is influenced by socio-demographics and scientific conclusions. We found that current government conservation actions (or lack thereof) are not in line with mainstream public opinion. Moreover, we show that making species at-risk lists does not ensure that the species will benefit from strong conservation actions without lengthy delays, even for a high-profile, flagship species like caribou. This observation echoes concerns about the fate of less charismatic, at-risk species, and thus about future biodiversity conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fortin
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Département de biologie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Jérôme Cimon-Morin
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Département des Sciences du bois et de la forêt, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, 2405 Rue de la Terrasse, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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24
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Mirabel A, Girardin MP, Metsaranta J, Way D, Reich PB. Increasing atmospheric dryness reduces boreal forest tree growth. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6901. [PMID: 37903759 PMCID: PMC10616230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rising atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) associated with climate change affects boreal forest growth via stomatal closure and soil dryness. However, the relationship between VPD and forest growth depends on the climatic context. Here we assess Canadian boreal forest responses to VPD changes from 1951-2018 using a well-replicated tree-growth increment network with approximately 5,000 species-site combinations. Of the 3,559 successful growth models, we observed a relationship between growth and concurrent summer VPD in one-third of the species-site combinations, and between growth and prior summer VPD in almost half of those combinations. The relationship between previous year VPD and current year growth was almost exclusively negative, while current year VPD also tended to reduce growth. Tree species, age, annual temperature, and soil moisture primarily determined tree VPD responses. Younger trees and species like white spruce and Douglas fir exhibited higher VPD sensitivity, as did areas with high annual temperature and low soil moisture. Since 1951, summer VPD increases in Canada have paralleled tree growth decreases, particularly in spruce species. Accelerating atmospheric dryness in the decades ahead will impair carbon storage and societal-economic services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Mirabel
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), Institut Agro, IFREMER, INRAE, Rennes, France.
| | - Martin P Girardin
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Juha Metsaranta
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Danielle Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
- Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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25
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Larson J, Wallerman J, Peichl M, Laudon H. Soil moisture controls the partitioning of carbon stocks across a managed boreal forest landscape. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14909. [PMID: 37689813 PMCID: PMC10492834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Boreal forests sequester and store vast carbon (C) pools that may be subject to significant feedback effects induced by climatic warming. The boreal landscape consists of a mosaic of forests and peatlands with wide variation in total C stocks, making it important to understand the factors controlling C pool sizes in different ecosystems. We therefore quantified the total C stocks in the organic layer, mineral soil, and tree biomass in 430 plots across a 68 km2 boreal catchment. The organic layer held the largest C pool, accounting for 39% of the total C storage; tree and mineral C pools accounted for 38% and 23%, respectively. The size of the soil C pool was positively related to modelled soil moisture conditions, especially in the organic soil layer (R2 = 0.50). Conversely, the tree C pool exhibited a unimodal relationship: storage was highest under intermediate wetness conditions. The magnitude and variation in the total soil C stocks observed in this work were comparable to those found at the national level in Sweden, suggesting that C accumulation in boreal landscapes is more sensitive to local variation resulting primarily from differences in soil moisture conditions than to regional differences in climate, nitrogen deposition, and parent material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Larson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jörgen Wallerman
- Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Laudon
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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26
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Bizjak T, Sellstedt A, Gratz R, Nordin A. Presence and activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in Scots pine needles in a boreal forest: a nitrogen-addition experiment. Tree Physiol 2023; 43:1354-1364. [PMID: 37073466 PMCID: PMC10423461 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria have been detected and isolated from the needles of conifer trees growing in North American boreal forests. Because boreal forests are nutrient-limited, these bacteria could provide an important source of nitrogen for tree species. This study aimed to determine their presence and activity in a Scandinavian boreal forest, using immunodetection of nitrogenase enzyme subunits and acetylene-reduction assays of native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles. The presence and rate of nitrogen fixation by endophytic bacteria were compared between control plots and fertilized plots in a nitrogen-addition experiment. In contrast to the expectation that nitrogen-fixation rates would decline in fertilized plots, as seen, for instance, with nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with bryophytes, there was no difference in the presence or activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria between the two treatments. The extrapolated calculated rate of nitrogen fixation relevant for the forest stand was 20 g N ha-1 year-1, which is rather low compared with Scots pine annual nitrogen use but could be important for the nitrogen-poor forest in the long term. In addition, of 13 colonies of potential nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from the needles on nitrogen-free media, 10 showed in vitro nitrogen fixation. In summary, 16S rRNA sequencing identified the species as belonging to the genera Bacillus, Variovorax, Novosphingobium, Sphingomonas, Microbacterium and Priestia, which was confirmed by Illumina whole-genome sequencing. Our results confirm the presence of endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in Scots pine needles and suggest that they could be important for the long-term nitrogen budget of the Scandinavian boreal forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinkara Bizjak
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anita Sellstedt
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Regina Gratz
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika Nordin
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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27
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Stelling JM, Slesak RA, Windmuller-Campione MA, Grinde A. Effects of stand age, tree species, and climate on water table fluctuations and estimated evapotranspiration in managed peatland forests. J Environ Manage 2023; 339:117783. [PMID: 37058930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lowland conifer forests dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana) and tamarack (Larix laricina) typically occur in peatlands in the boreal North American forest with near-surface water tables throughout the year. These forests are ecologically and economically important resources that may be impacted by climate change. However, information characterizing effects of forest disturbance, such as even-aged harvest on water table dynamics is needed to evaluate which forest tree species cover types are most hydrologically susceptible to even-aged harvest and changes in precipitation. We used a chronosequence approach to evaluate water table fluctuations and evapotranspiration across four stand age classes (<10, 15-30, 40-80, and >100-years old) and three distinct forest cover types (productive black spruce, stagnant black spruce, and tamarack) for a period of three years in Minnesota, USA. In general, there is limited evidence for elevated water tables in the younger age classes; the <10-year age class had no significant difference in mean weekly water table depth compared to the older age classes across all cover types. Estimated actual daily evapotranspiration (ET) generally agreed with the water table observations, with the exception of the tamarack cover type where ET was significantly lower in the <10-year age class. Productive black spruce sites that are 40-80-years old had higher evapotranspiration, and lower water table, possibly reflecting increased transpiration associated with the stem exclusion stage of stand development. Tamarack in the 40-80-year age class had higher water tables but no difference in ET compared to all other age classes, indicating that other external factors are driving higher water tables in that age class. To evaluate susceptibility to changing climate, we also assessed the sensitivity and response of water table dynamics to pronounced differences in growing season precipitation that occurred across study years. In general, tamarack forests are more sensitive to changes in precipitation compared to the two black spruce forest cover types. These findings can inform expected responses of site hydrology for a range of precipitation scenarios that may occur under future climate and be used by forest managers to evaluate hydrologic impacts of forest management activities across lowland conifer forest cover types.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Stelling
- University of Minnesota, Department of Soil Water and Climate, Twin Cities, USA.
| | - R A Slesak
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia WA, 98512, USA.
| | | | - Alexis Grinde
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55811, USA.
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28
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Li W, Manzanedo RD, Jiang Y, Ma W, Du E, Zhao S, Rademacher T, Dong M, Xu H, Kang X, Wang J, Wu F, Cui X, Pederson N. Reassessment of growth-climate relations indicates the potential for decline across Eurasian boreal larch forests. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3358. [PMID: 37291110 PMCID: PMC10250375 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Larch, a widely distributed tree in boreal Eurasia, is experiencing rapid warming across much of its distribution. A comprehensive assessment of growth on warming is needed to comprehend the potential impact of climate change. Most studies, relying on rigid calendar-based temperature series, have detected monotonic responses at the margins of boreal Eurasia, but not across the region. Here, we developed a method for constructing temporally flexible and physiologically relevant temperature series to reassess growth-temperature relations of larch across boreal Eurasia. Our method appears more effective in assessing the impact of warming on growth than previous methods. Our approach indicates widespread and spatially heterogeneous growth-temperature responses that are driven by local climate. Models quantifying these results project that the negative responses of growth to temperature will spread northward and upward throughout this century. If true, the risks of warming to boreal Eurasia could be more widespread than conveyed from previous works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, Zhuhai, 519087, China
- Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Rubén D Manzanedo
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, 01366, USA
- Plant Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, D-USYS, ETH Zürich, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Wenqiu Ma
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Enzai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shoudong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tim Rademacher
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, 01366, USA
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, J0V 1V0, QC, Canada
| | - Manyu Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, Zhuhai, 519087, China
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Xinyu Kang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, 111 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, Zhuhai, 519087, China
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xuefeng Cui
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Neil Pederson
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, 01366, USA
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29
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Rotbarth R, Van Nes EH, Scheffer M, Jepsen JU, Vindstad OPL, Xu C, Holmgren M. Northern expansion is not compensating for southern declines in North American boreal forests. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3373. [PMID: 37291123 PMCID: PMC10250320 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is expected to shift the boreal biome northward through expansion at the northern and contraction at the southern boundary respectively. However, biome-scale evidence of such a shift is rare. Here, we used remotely-sensed tree cover data to quantify temporal changes across the North American boreal biome from 2000 to 2019. We reveal a strong north-south asymmetry in tree cover change, coupled with a range shrinkage of tree cover distributions. We found no evidence for tree cover expansion in the northern biome, while tree cover increased markedly in the core of the biome range. By contrast, tree cover declined along the southern biome boundary, where losses were related largely to wildfires and timber logging. We show that these contrasting trends are structural indicators for a possible onset of a biome contraction which may lead to long-term carbon declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Rotbarth
- Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Egbert H Van Nes
- Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Scheffer
- Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jane Uhd Jepsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Chi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Milena Holmgren
- Environmental Sciences Department, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Huang C, Li S, He HS, Liang Y, Xu W, Wu MM, Wu Z, Huang C, Chen F. Effects of forest management practices on carbon dynamics of China's boreal forests under changing climates. J Environ Manage 2023; 335:117497. [PMID: 36812687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and forest management practices influence forest productivity and carbon budgets, and understanding their interactions is necessary to develop accurate predictions of carbon dynamics as many countries in the world strive towards carbon neutrality. Here, we developed a model-coupling framework to simulate the carbon dynamics of boreal forests in China. The expected dynamics of forest recovery and change following intense timber harvesting in the recent past and projected carbon dynamics into the future under different climate change scenarios and forest management practices (e.g., restoration, afforestation, tending, and fuel management). We predict that under current management strategies, climate change would lead to increased fire frequency and intensity, eventually shifting these forests from carbon sinks towards being carbon sources. This study suggests that future boreal forest management should be altered to reduce the probability of fire occurrence and carbon losses caused by catastrophic fires through planting deciduous species, mechanical removal, and prescribed fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Shun Li
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, PR China.
| | - Hong S He
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 203 ABNR Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Yu Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wenru Xu
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 203 ABNR Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Mia M Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, PR China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Fusheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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31
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Watts JD, Farina M, Kimball JS, Schiferl LD, Liu Z, Arndt KA, Zona D, Ballantyne A, Euskirchen ES, Parmentier FJW, Helbig M, Sonnentag O, Tagesson T, Rinne J, Ikawa H, Ueyama M, Kobayashi H, Sachs T, Nadeau DF, Kochendorfer J, Jackowicz-Korczynski M, Virkkala A, Aurela M, Commane R, Byrne B, Birch L, Johnson MS, Madani N, Rogers B, Du J, Endsley A, Savage K, Poulter B, Zhang Z, Bruhwiler LM, Miller CE, Goetz S, Oechel WC. Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high-latitude net ecosystem carbon budget. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1870-1889. [PMID: 36647630 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Arctic-boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance in terms of carbon feedbacks to climate, yet the sign (sink or source) and magnitude of the Arctic-boreal carbon budget within recent years remains highly uncertain. Here, we provide new estimates of recent (2003-2015) vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco ), net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE; Reco - GPP), and terrestrial methane (CH4 ) emissions for the Arctic-boreal zone using a satellite data-driven process-model for northern ecosystems (TCFM-Arctic), calibrated and evaluated using measurements from >60 tower eddy covariance (EC) sites. We used TCFM-Arctic to obtain daily 1-km2 flux estimates and annual carbon budgets for the pan-Arctic-boreal region. Across the domain, the model indicated an overall average NEE sink of -850 Tg CO2 -C year-1 . Eurasian boreal zones, especially those in Siberia, contributed to a majority of the net sink. In contrast, the tundra biome was relatively carbon neutral (ranging from small sink to source). Regional CH4 emissions from tundra and boreal wetlands (not accounting for aquatic CH4 ) were estimated at 35 Tg CH4 -C year-1 . Accounting for additional emissions from open water aquatic bodies and from fire, using available estimates from the literature, reduced the total regional NEE sink by 21% and shifted many far northern tundra landscapes, and some boreal forests, to a net carbon source. This assessment, based on in situ observations and models, improves our understanding of the high-latitude carbon status and also indicates a continued need for integrated site-to-regional assessments to monitor the vulnerability of these ecosystems to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Farina
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - John S Kimball
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Luke D Schiferl
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Kyle A Arndt
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Donatella Zona
- Global Change Research Group, Department of Biology, Physical Sciences 240, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ashley Ballantyne
- Global Climate and Ecology Laboratory, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | | | - Frans-Jan W Parmentier
- Department of Geosciences, Center for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manuel Helbig
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Janne Rinne
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiroki Ikawa
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Kobayashi
- JAMSTEC-Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geoscience, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel F Nadeau
- Department of Civil and Water Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Kochendorfer
- NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Atmospheric and Turbulent Diffusion Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anna Virkkala
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mika Aurela
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roisin Commane
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Brendan Byrne
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Leah Birch
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Nima Madani
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Brendan Rogers
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinyang Du
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Arthur Endsley
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Kathleen Savage
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ben Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Lori M Bruhwiler
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Charles E Miller
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Scott Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Walter C Oechel
- Global Change Research Group, Department of Biology, Physical Sciences 240, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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32
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Liu Q, Peng C, Schneider R, Cyr D, McDowell NG, Kneeshaw D. Drought-induced increase in tree mortality and corresponding decrease in the carbon sink capacity of Canada's boreal forests from 1970 to 2020. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:2274-2285. [PMID: 36704817 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Canada's boreal forests, which occupy approximately 30% of boreal forests worldwide, play an important role in the global carbon budget. However, there is little quantitative information available regarding the spatiotemporal changes in the drought-induced tree mortality of Canada's boreal forests overall and their associated impacts on biomass carbon dynamics. Here, we develop spatiotemporally explicit estimates of drought-induced tree mortality and corresponding biomass carbon sink capacity changes in Canada's boreal forests from 1970 to 2020. We show that the average annual tree mortality rate is approximately 2.7%. Approximately 43% of Canada's boreal forests have experienced significantly increasing tree mortality trends (71% of which are located in the western region of the country), and these trends have accelerated since 2002. This increase in tree mortality has resulted in significant biomass carbon losses at an approximate rate of 1.51 ± 0.29 MgC ha-1 year-1 (95% confidence interval) with an approximate total loss of 0.46 ± 0.09 PgC year-1 (95% confidence interval). Under the drought condition increases predicted for this century, the capacity of Canada's boreal forests to act as a carbon sink will be further reduced, potentially leading to a significant positive climate feedback effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Liu
- Department of Biology Sciences, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Forest Research, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biology Sciences, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Forest Research, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Dominic Cyr
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, Washington, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Centre for Forest Research, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Mazziotta A, Borges P, Kangas A, Halme P, Eyvindson K. Spatial trade-offs between ecological and economical sustainability in the boreal production forest. J Environ Manage 2023; 330:117144. [PMID: 36586374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Economically-oriented forestry aims to sustain timber harvest revenues, while ecologically-oriented management supplies suitable habitat for species using deadwood as primary habitat. As these objectives are conflicting, planning for economic and ecological sustainability involves compromise and trade-offs. We analyze the spatial trade-offs between the economic value from timber harvesting and the volume of deadwood in the boreal forest. We assess these trade-offs from three perspectives: (1) landscape characteristics, affected by conservation strategies; (2) forest management promoting either economic or ecological values; (3) uncertainty in inventory errors undermining the estimate of the two sustainability objectives. To reveal the tradeoffs between the forest economic and ecological values we simulated and optimized a production landscape in Finland 30 years into the future accounting for uncertainty in biomass and deadwood inventories. We found that, with a limited reduction in timber harvesting (7%), (i) the amount of deadwood increased more in non-aggregated (45%) than in aggregated (16%) stands, (ii) constraining stands in adjacent areas further increased deadwood (21%) respect to the matrix and (iii) 7% of connected stand area harbored ≥20 m3/ha deadwood supporting survival of near-threatened species. Our results demonstrate that the structure of the landscape for biodiversity can be improved with limited economic losses. However, improving habitat configuration requires larger economic losses than only increasing habitat amount, but its ecological benefits are larger both for common and red-listed species. We found that management oriented towards stand aggregation not only creates connected areas with high deadwood of high value biodiversity but also improves the value of the whole matrix by decreasing intensive timber harvesting and energy wood collection. Finally, we found that uncertainties alter the estimate of the potential of the forest landscape to supply deadwood, and this can affect the choice of management actions to allocate over the landscape. To conclude, our results demonstrate the trade-offs between economic forest use and conservation are affected differently by landscape characteristics, forest management and uncertainty in inventory errors. As such these drivers should be considered when optimizing the forest for multiple uses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Borges
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annika Kangas
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Panu Halme
- Dept. of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kyle Eyvindson
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Ås, Norway
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Yang Y, Zhong Z, Jing L, Li Q, Wang H, Wang W. Plant community phylogeny responses to protections and its main drivers in boreal forests, China: General pattern and implications. Sci Total Environ 2023; 864:161151. [PMID: 36572317 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of the phylogenetic structure have been broadly applied to predict community assembly processes. However, the distribution pattern of evolutionary diversity and its drivers under nature conservation are still poorly understood in boreal forests. Here, we investigated 1738 sampling plots and subplots from distinct protection intensities (PIs) zones in five representative National Nature Reserves (NNRs). Multiple comparisons, redundancy analysis, and linear mixed model were performed to identify the changes in community phylogeny across different PIs and NNRs and the drivers for these variations. Our results showed considerable plant community phylogeny variations in different NNRs. As indicated by SesMPD (standardized mean pairwise distance) and SesMNTD (standardized the mean nearest taxon distance), trees, shrubs, and herbs presented overdispersed, clustered, and random distribution patterns, respectively, in different PIs. Protection resulted in the phylogenetic structure between the nearest species of trees showing a more overdispersed pattern (p < 0.05). Protection decreased the phylogenetically clustered degree between the nearest species of shrubs (p > 0.05), while the herbs still maintained a random pattern. Community traits explained the most to phylogeny variation of different communities (24 %-71 %, p < 0.01), followed by geoclimatic factors (2 %-24 %) and conservation processes (1 %-21 %). The higher mean annual precipitation and under branch height at the lower latitude area accompanied the higher SesMPD and SesMNTD. The higher PIs attended with higher tree SesMPD, and the longer protection time resulted in higher shrub PSR (phylogenetic species richness) and PSV (phylogenetic species variability). Including the location of NNRs, community traits, and years of protection, rather than only emphasizing PI itself, could optimize community phylogenetic structure and preserve the evolutionary potential of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemistry Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhong
- College of Resources & Environment, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Lixin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemistry Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemistry Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemistry Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, College of Chemistry, Chemistry Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Urban Forests and Wetland Group, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Changchun 130102, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Triviño M, Morán-Ordoñez A, Eyvindson K, Blattert C, Burgas D, Repo A, Pohjanmies T, Brotons L, Snäll T, Mönkkönen M. Future supply of boreal forest ecosystem services is driven by management rather than by climate change. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1484-1500. [PMID: 36534408 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Forests provide a wide variety of ecosystem services (ES) to society. The boreal biome is experiencing the highest rates of warming on the planet and increasing demand for forest products. To foresee how to maximize the adaptation of boreal forests to future warmer conditions and growing demands of forest products, we need a better understanding of the relative importance of forest management and climate change on the supply of ecosystem services. Here, using Finland as a boreal forest case study, we assessed the potential supply of a wide range of ES (timber, bilberry, cowberry, mushrooms, carbon storage, scenic beauty, species habitat availability and deadwood) given seven management regimes and four climate change scenarios. We used the forest simulator SIMO to project forest dynamics for 100 years into the future (2016-2116) and estimate the potential supply of each service using published models. Then, we tested the relative importance of management and climate change as drivers of the future supply of these services using generalized linear mixed models. Our results show that the effects of management on the future supply of these ES were, on average, 11 times higher than the effects of climate change across all services, but greatly differed among them (from 0.53 to 24 times higher for timber and cowberry, respectively). Notably, the importance of these drivers substantially differed among biogeographical zones within the boreal biome. The effects of climate change were 1.6 times higher in northern Finland than in southern Finland, whereas the effects of management were the opposite-they were three times higher in the south compared to the north. We conclude that new guidelines for adapting forests to global change should account for regional differences and the variation in the effects of climate change and management on different forest ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Triviño
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Alejandra Morán-Ordoñez
- Forest Science and Technology Center of Catalonia CTCF, Solsona, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Kyle Eyvindson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Clemens Blattert
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Forest Resources and Management, Swiss Federal Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Burgas
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Anna Repo
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lluís Brotons
- Forest Science and Technology Center of Catalonia CTCF, Solsona, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Tord Snäll
- SLU Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikko Mönkkönen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
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36
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Peichl M, Martínez‐García E, Fransson JES, Wallerman J, Laudon H, Lundmark T, Nilsson MB. Landscape-variability of the carbon balance across managed boreal forests. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1119-1132. [PMID: 36464908 PMCID: PMC10108254 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Boreal forests are important global carbon (C) sinks and, therefore, considered as a key element in climate change mitigation policies. However, their actual C sink strength is uncertain and under debate, particularly for the actively managed forests in the boreal regions of Fennoscandia. In this study, we use an extensive set of biometric- and chamber-based C flux data collected in 50 forest stands (ranging from 5 to 211 years) over 3 years (2016-2018) with the aim to explore the variations of the annual net ecosystem production (NEP; i.e., the ecosystem C balance) across a 68 km2 managed boreal forest landscape in northern Sweden. Our results demonstrate that net primary production rather than heterotrophic respiration regulated the spatio-temporal variations of NEP across the heterogeneous mosaic of the managed boreal forest landscape. We further find divergent successional patterns of NEP in our managed forests relative to naturally regenerating boreal forests, including (i) a fast recovery of the C sink function within the first decade after harvest due to the rapid establishment of a productive understory layer and (ii) a sustained C sink in old stands (131-211 years). We estimate that the rotation period for optimum C sequestration extends to 138 years, which over multiple rotations results in a long-term C sequestration rate of 86.5 t C ha-1 per rotation. Our study highlights the potential of forest management to maximize C sequestration of boreal forest landscapes and associate climate change mitigation effects by developing strategies that optimize tree biomass production rather than heterotrophic soil C emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UmeåSweden
| | - Eduardo Martínez‐García
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UmeåSweden
| | - Johan E. S. Fransson
- Department of Forest Resource ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UmeåSweden
- Department of Forestry and Wood TechnologyLinnaeus UniversityVäxjöSweden
| | - Jörgen Wallerman
- Department of Forest Resource ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UmeåSweden
| | - Hjalmar Laudon
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UmeåSweden
| | - Tomas Lundmark
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UmeåSweden
| | - Mats B. Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UmeåSweden
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37
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Zverev SA, Andreev SV, Sakharov KA, Akhmetshina MB, Istomina LI, Verzhutskaya YA, Shashina NI. Evaluation of the efficacy of permethrin- and cypermethrin-based textile against taiga tick, Ixodes persulcatus. Exp Appl Acarol 2023; 89:275-286. [PMID: 37017750 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A comparison of the efficacy of permethrin- and cypermethrin-based textile against taiga ticks (Ixodes persulcatus) was carried out in a tick-borne viral encephalitis hotspot in the Irkutsk Region (Russia) using model samples of impregnated textiles. We demonstrated that permethrin- and cypermethrin-treated model samples have similar protective parameters in terms of maximum height reached by the tick when climbing up the treated textile (20.9-38.7 cm for cypermethrin, 27.6-39.3 cm for permethrin, depending on concentration) and knockdown time (i.e., the time until a female tick falls off the treated textile; 3.52-4.31 min for cypermethrin, 5.02-8.25 min for permethrin, depending on concentration). In contrast, when evaluating the 'biting speed' index (which is the ratio of the average attaching time of ticks contacting untreated textiles and ticks contacting treated textiles), it has been shown that permethrin-treated textiles accelerate biting. So, using permethrin-treated protective clothing against the taiga tick could be risky because it increases the likelihood of being bitten and thus getting infected. In contrast, cypermethrin-treated textiles appear to block the ability of ticks to attack warm-blooded animals and humans - after contact with cypermethrin-treated textiles none of the ticks attached to a rabbit. So cypermethrin-based textiles could be an alternative to permethrin for tick-bite protection clothing production if there is no toxic effect on humans of textile materials based on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Zverev
- Disinfectology institute of Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V Andreev
- Disinfectology institute of Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Sakharov
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Marina B Akhmetshina
- Disinfectology institute of Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Liudmila I Istomina
- Disinfectology institute of Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia A Verzhutskaya
- Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Siberia and Far East, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia I Shashina
- Disinfectology institute of Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Moscow region, Russian Federation
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Mirabel A, Girardin MP, Metsaranta J, Campbell EM, Arsenault A, Reich PB, Way D. New tree-ring data from Canadian boreal and hemi-boreal forests provide insight for improving the climate sensitivity of terrestrial biosphere models. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158062. [PMID: 35981579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding boreal/hemi-boreal forest growth sensitivity to seasonal variations in temperature and water availability provides important basis for projecting the potential impacts of climate change on the productivity of these ecosystems. Our best available information currently comes from a limited number of field experiments and terrestrial biosphere model (TBM) simulations of varying predictive accuracy. Here, we assessed the sensitivity of annual boreal/hemi-boreal forest growth in Canada to yearly fluctuations in seasonal climate variables using a large tree-ring dataset and compared this to the climate sensitivity of annual net primary productivity (NPP) estimates obtained from fourteen TBMs. We found that boreal/hemi-boreal forest growth sensitivity to fluctuations in seasonal temperature and precipitation variables changed along a southwestern to northeastern gradient, with growth limited almost entirely by temperature in the northeast and west and by water availability in the southwest. We also found a lag in growth climate sensitivity, with growth largely determined by the climate during the summer prior to ring formation. Analyses of NPP sensitivity to the same climate variables produced a similar southwest to northeast gradient in growth climate sensitivity for NPP estimates from all but three TBMs. However, analyses of growth from tree-ring data and analyses of NPP from TBMs produced contrasting evidence concerning the key climate variables limiting growth. While analyses of NPP primarily indicated a positive relationship between growth and seasonal temperature, tree-ring analyses indicated negative growth relationships to temperature. Also, the positive effect of precipitation on NPP derived from most TBMs was weaker than the positive effect of precipitation on tree-ring based growth: temperature had a more important limiting effect on NPP than tree-ring data indicated. These mismatches regarding the key climate variables limiting growth suggested that characterization of tree growth in TBMs might need revision, particularly regarding the effects of stomatal conductance and carbohydrate reserve dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mirabel
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - M P Girardin
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - J Metsaranta
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - E M Campbell
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - A Arsenault
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - P B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia; Institute for Global Change Biology, School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - D Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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Harnesk D. The decreasing availability of reindeer forage in boreal forests during snow cover periods: A Sámi pastoral landscape perspective in Sweden. Ambio 2022; 51:2508-2523. [PMID: 35727486 PMCID: PMC9583999 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper argues that Sámi reindeer pastoralism in Sweden is highly stressed during the critical snow cover periods due to large-scale human interventions, especially forestry, and that these have over time significantly worsened the ecological conditions for natural grazing-based responses to changing snow conditions caused by climate change. Informed by a literature review, the paper conceptualises two, overlapping ecological dynamics that shape the availability of lichen as key forage resources within a Sámi pastoral landscape perspective: the grazing dynamics of reindeer during snow cover periods as determined by climatic stochasticity, and the more predictable vegetation dynamics of lichen habitat formation, growth and sustenance based on structured forestry practices. This could help articulate an intervention ecology that pursues sustainable ecological conditions for natural grazing-based Sámi reindeer pastoralism, along with other goals. As such alternatives are likely to face political resistance, the article discusses the implications of its findings within a science-politics interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Harnesk
- Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies (LUCSUS), PO Box 170, 22 100, Lund, Sweden.
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40
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Romanov AA, Tamarovskaya AN, Gloor E, Brienen R, Gusev BA, Leonenko EV, Vasiliev AS, Krikunov EE. Reassessment of carbon emissions from fires and a new estimate of net carbon uptake in Russian forests in 2001-2021. Sci Total Environ 2022; 846:157322. [PMID: 35872207 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Russia has the largest forest area on earth. Its boreal forests officially store about 97 Pg C, which significantly affect the global carbon cycle. In recent years, forest fires have been intensifying on the planet, leading to increased carbon emissions. Here we review how differences in fire control management of Russian forests affect fire related emissions. Carbon emissions due to fire were estimated using satellite data and compared to official reports for 2001-2021. We found that the relative areas affected by fire did differ between different fire protection zones, and 89 % of the area burnt was in forests controlled by fire-fighting aircraft or areas without protection. As a result, 417.7 Mha of poor or unprotected Russian forests (42 % of total) account about a half of total carbon emissions. According to our estimates, the average area of burnt forests in Russia was about 8.3 Mha per year between 2016 and 2021, resulting in annual carbon emission of 193 million metric tons (Mt) C emissions, and 53 % of them were from unprotected forest. These estimated carbon emissions are significantly higher than official national reports (79 Mt C yr-1). We estimated that net carbon uptake for Russia for 2015-2021 was about 333 ± 37 Mt C, which is roughly double the official estimates. Our results highlight large spatial differences in fire protection and prevention strategies in fire related emissions. The so-called control zone which stretches across large parts of Eastern Russia has no fire control and is the region of major recent fires. Our study shows that to estimate the Russian forest carbon balance it is critical to include this area. Implementation of some forest management in the remote areas (i.e., control zone) would help to decrease forest loss and resulting carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey A Romanov
- a(2) Research & Development lab, a2rd.com, Soissons, France; Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Anastasia N Tamarovskaya
- a(2) Research & Development lab, a2rd.com, Soissons, France; Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Boris A Gusev
- a(2) Research & Development lab, a2rd.com, Soissons, France; Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Elijah E Krikunov
- a(2) Research & Development lab, a2rd.com, Soissons, France; Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Korznikov K, Kislov D, Doležal J, Petrenko T, Altman J. Tropical cyclones moving into boreal forests: Relationships between disturbance areas and environmental drivers. Sci Total Environ 2022; 844:156931. [PMID: 35772527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tropical cyclones (TCs) are common disturbance agents in tropical and subtropical latitudes. With global warming, TCs began to move to northern latitudes, with devastating effects on boreal forests. However, it remains unclear where and when these extraordinary events occur and how they affect forest structure and ecosystem functioning. Hence knowing which geomorphological features, landforms, and forest types are most susceptible to severe wind disturbance is vital to better predict the future impacts of intensifying tropical cyclones on boreal forests. In October 2015, catastrophic TC Dujuan hit the island of Sakhalin in the Russian Far East. With a wind speed of 63 m·s-1, it became the strongest wind recorded in Sakhalin, damaging >42,000 ha of native forests with different levels of severity. We used high-resolution RGB satellite images, DEM-derived geomorphological patterns, and the U-Net-like convolutional neural network to quantify the damaged area in specific landform, forest type, and windthrow patch size categories. We found that large gaps (>1 ha) represent >40 % of the damaged area while small gaps (<0.1 ha) only 20 %. The recorded canopy gaps are very large for the southern boreal forest. We found that the aspect (slope exposure) is the most important in explaining the damaged area, followed by canopy closure and landform type. Closed-canopy coniferous forests on steep, west-facing slopes (typical of convex reliefs such as ridges, spurs, and peaks) are at a much higher risk of being disturbed by TCs than open-canopy mountain birch forests or coniferous forests and broadleaved riparian forests in concave reliefs such as valley bottoms. We suggest that the projected ongoing poleward migration of TCs will lead to an unprecedentedly large area of disturbed forest, which results in complex changes in forest dynamics and ecosystem functioning. Our findings are crucial for the development of mitigation and adaptation strategies under future changes in TC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Korznikov
- Institute of Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic; Botanical Garden-Institute, the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690024, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Kislov
- Botanical Garden-Institute, the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690024, Russia
| | - Jiří Doležal
- Institute of Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Tatyana Petrenko
- Botanical Garden-Institute, the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690024, Russia
| | - Jan Altman
- Institute of Botany, the Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň 379 01, Czech Republic; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6 -, Suchdol 165 21, Czech Republic
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Fanin N, Clemmensen KE, Lindahl BD, Farrell M, Nilsson MC, Gundale MJ, Kardol P, Wardle DA. Ericoid shrubs shape fungal communities and suppress organic matter decomposition in boreal forests. New Phytol 2022; 236:684-697. [PMID: 35779014 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal fungi associated with boreal trees and ericaceous shrubs are central actors in organic matter (OM) accumulation through their belowground carbon allocation, their potential capacity to mine organic matter for nitrogen (N) and their ability to suppress saprotrophs. Yet, interactions between co-occurring ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (ERI), and saprotrophs are poorly understood. We used a long-term (19 yr) plant functional group manipulation experiment with removals of tree roots, ericaceous shrubs and mosses and analysed the responses of different fungal guilds (assessed by metabarcoding) and their interactions in relation to OM quality (assessed by mid-infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance) and decomposition (litter mesh-bags) across a 5000-yr post-fire boreal forest chronosequence. We found that the removal of ericaceous shrubs and associated ERI changed the composition of EMF communities, with larger effects occurring at earlier stages of the chronosequence. Removal of shrubs was associated with enhanced N availability, litter decomposition and enrichment of the recalcitrant OM fraction. We conclude that increasing abundance of slow-growing ericaceous shrubs and the associated fungi contributes to increasing nutrient limitation, impaired decomposition and progressive OM accumulation in boreal forests, particularly towards later successional stages. These results are indicative of the contrasting roles of EMF and ERI in regulating belowground OM storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fanin
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901-83, Umeå, Sweden
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR 1391 ISPA, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, CS 20032, F33882, Villenave-d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Karina E Clemmensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn D Lindahl
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7014, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Farrell
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Kaurna Country, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Marie-Charlotte Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901-83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901-83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901-83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David A Wardle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901-83, Umeå, Sweden
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore City, 639798, Singapore
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Duan B, Cai T, Man X, Xiao R, Gao M, Ge Z, Mencuccini M. Different variations in soil CO 2, CH 4, and N 2O fluxes and their responses to edaphic factors along a boreal secondary forest successional trajectory. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:155983. [PMID: 35588825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forest succession is an important process regulating the carbon and nitrogen budgets in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about how and extent by which vegetation succession predictably affects soil CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes, especially in boreal forest. Here, a field study was conducted along a secondary forest succession trajectory from Betula platyphylla forest (early stage), then Betula platyphylla-Larix gmelinii forest (intermediate stage), to Larix gmelinii forest (late stage) to explore the effects of forest succession on soil greenhouse gas fluxes and related soil environmental factors in Northeast China. The results showed significant differences in soil greenhouse gas fluxes during the forest succession. During the study period, the average soil CO2 flux was greatest at mid-successional stage (444.72 mg m-2 h-1), followed by the late (341.81 mg m-2 h-1) and the early-successional (347.12 mg m-2 h-1) stages. The average soil CH4 flux increased significantly during succession, ranging from -0.062 to -0.036 mg m-2 h-1. The average soil N2O flux was measured as 17.95 μg m-2 h-1 at intermediate successional stage, significantly lower than that at late (20.71 μg m-2 h-1) and early-successional (20.85 μg m-2 h-1) stages. During forest succession, soil greenhouse gas fluxes showed significant correlations with soil and environmental factors at both seasonal and successional time scales. The seasonal variations of soil GHG fluxes were mainly influenced by soil temperature and water content. Meanwhile, soil MBN and soil NO3--N content were also important factors for soil N2O fluxes. Structural equation modelling showed that forest succession affected soil CO2 fluxes by changing soil temperature and microbial biomass carbon, affected soil CH4 fluxes mainly by changing soil water content and soil pH value, and affected soil N2O fluxes mainly by changing soil temperature, microbial biomass nitrogen, and soil NO3--N content. Our study suggests that forest succession mainly alters soil nutrient and soil environment/chemical properties affecting soil CO2 and N2O fluxes and soil CH4 fluxes, respectively, in the secondary forest succession process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beixing Duan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; CREAF, Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain.
| | - Tijiu Cai
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xiuling Man
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Ruihan Xiao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Minglei Gao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Zhaoxin Ge
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Zhao Z, Lin Z, Li F, Rogers BM. Influence of atmospheric teleconnections on interannual variability of Arctic-boreal fires. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156550. [PMID: 35688252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fires across the Arctic-boreal zone (ABZ) play an important role in the boreal forest succession, permafrost thaw, and the regional and global carbon cycle and climate. These fires occur mainly in summer with large interannual variability. Previous studies primarily focused on the impacts of local surface climate and tropical El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study, for the first time, comprehensively investigates the influence of summer leading large-scale atmospheric teleconnection patterns in the Northern Hemisphere extra-tropics on interannual variability of ABZ fires. We use correlation and regression analysis of 1997-2019 multiple satellite-based products of burned area and observed/reanalyzed climate data. Results show that eight leading teleconnection patterns significantly affect 63 ± 2 % of burned areas across the ABZ. Western North America is affected by the East Pacific/North Pacific pattern (EP/NP) and the West Pacific pattern (WP); boreal Europe by the Scandinavia pattern (SCA); eastern North America, western and central Siberia, and southeastern Siberia by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO); and eastern Siberia /Russian Far East by the East Atlantic pattern (EA). NAO/EA induces lower-tropospheric drier northwesterly/northerly airflow passing through the east of boreal North America/Eurasia, which decreases surface relative humidity. Other teleconnections trigger a high-pressure anomaly, forcing downward motion that suppresses cloud formation and increases solar radiation reaching the ground to warm the surface air as well as brings drier air downward to reduce surface relative humidity. The drier and/or warmer surface air can decrease fuel wetness and thus increase burned area. Our study highlights the important role of the extra-tropical teleconnection patterns on ABZ fires, which is much stronger than ENSO that was thought to control interannual variability of global fires. It also establishes a theoretical foundation for ABZ fire prediction based on extra-tropical teleconnections, and has the potential to facilitate ABZ fire prediction and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongda Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Li
- International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Blaško R, Forsmark B, Gundale MJ, Lim H, Lundmark T, Nordin A. The carbon sequestration response of aboveground biomass and soils to nutrient enrichment in boreal forests depends on baseline site productivity. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156327. [PMID: 35640755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient enrichment can alleviate productivity limitations and thus substantially increase carbon (C) uptake in northern coniferous forests. Yet, factors controlling stand-to-stand variation of forest ecosystem responses to nutrient enrichment remain unclear. We used five long-term (13 years) nutrient-enrichment experiments across Sweden, where nitrogen (N), phosphorus, and potassium were applied annually to young Norway spruce forests that varied in their baseline ecosystem properties. We measured tree biomass and soil C and N stocks, litterfall C inputs, soil CO2 efflux, and shifts in composition and biomass of soil microbial communities to understand the links between above and belowground responses to nutrient enrichment. We found that the strongest responses in tree biomass occurred when baseline site productivity was lowest. High increases in tree biomass C stocks were generally balanced by weaker responses in organic soil C stocks. The average ecosystem C-N response rate was 35 kg C kg-1 N added, with a nearly five-fold greater response rate in tree biomass than in soil. The positive nutrient enrichment effects on ecosystem C sinks were driven by a 95% increase in tree biomass C stocks, 150% increase in litter production, 67% increase in organic layer C stocks, and a 46% reduction in soil CO2 efflux accompanied by compositional changes in soil microbial communities. Our results show that ecosystem C uptake in spruce forests in northern Europe can be substantially enhanced by nutrient enrichment; however, the strength of the responses and whether the enhancement occurs mainly in tree biomass or soils are dependent on baseline forest productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Blaško
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden; Slovak Environment Agency, Tajovského 28, 975 90 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia.
| | - Benjamin Forsmark
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden; Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hyungwoo Lim
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tomas Lundmark
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika Nordin
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University/Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90736/SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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46
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Grau-Andrés R, Thieffry S, Tian S, Wardle DA, Kardol P. Responses of bryosphere fauna to drought across a boreal forest chronosequence. Oecologia 2022; 200:231-245. [PMID: 36074302 PMCID: PMC9547781 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Projected changes in precipitation regimes can greatly impact soil biota, which in turn alters key ecosystem functions. In moss-dominated ecosystems, the bryosphere (i.e., the ground moss layer including live and senesced moss) plays a key role in carbon and nutrient cycling, and it hosts high abundances of microfauna (i.e., nematodes and tardigrades) and mesofauna (i.e., mites and springtails). However, we know very little about how bryosphere fauna responds to precipitation, and whether this response changes across environmental gradients. Here, we used a mesocosm experiment to study the effect of volume and frequency of precipitation on the abundance and community composition of functional groups of bryosphere fauna. Hylocomium splendens bryospheres were sampled from a long-term post-fire boreal forest chronosequence in northern Sweden which varies greatly in environmental conditions. We found that reduced precipitation promoted the abundance of total microfauna and of total mesofauna, but impaired predaceous/omnivorous nematodes, and springtails. Generally, bryosphere fauna responded more strongly to precipitation volume than to precipitation frequency. For some faunal functional groups, the effects of precipitation frequency were stronger at reduced precipitation volumes. Context-dependency effects were found for microfauna only: microfauna was more sensitive to precipitation in late-successional forests (i.e., those with lower productivity and soil nutrient availability) than in earlier-successional forests. Our results also suggest that drought-induced changes in trophic interactions and food resources in the bryosphere may increase faunal abundance. Consequently, drier bryospheres that may result from climate change could promote carbon and nutrient turnover from fauna activity, especially in older, less productive forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Grau-Andrés
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sylvia Thieffry
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shanyi Tian
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - David A. Wardle
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
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47
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Dawe DA, Parisien M, Boulanger Y, Boucher J, Beauchemin A, Arseneault D. Short- and long-term wildfire threat when adapting infrastructure for wildlife conservation in the boreal forest. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2606. [PMID: 35366037 PMCID: PMC9542478 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Managers designing infrastructure in fire-prone wildland areas require assessments of wildfire threat to quantify uncertainty due to future vegetation and climatic conditions. In this study, we combine wildfire simulation and forest landscape composition modeling to identify areas that would be highly susceptible to wildfire around a proposed conservation corridor in Québec, Canada. In this measure, managers have proposed raising the conductors of a new 735-kV hydroelectric powerline above the forest canopy within a wildlife connectivity corridor to mitigate the impacts to threatened boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus). Retention of coniferous vegetation, however, can increase the likelihood of an intense wildfire damaging powerline infrastructure. To assess the likelihood of high-intensity wildfires for the next 100 years, we evaluated three time periods (2020, 2070, 2120), three climate scenarios (observed, RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5), and four vegetation projections (static, no harvest, extensive harvesting, harvesting excluded in protected areas). Under present-day conditions, we found a lower probability of high-intensity wildfire within the corridor than in other parts of the study area, due to the protective influence of a nearby, poorly regenerated burned area. Wildfire probability will increase into the future, with strong, weather-induced inflation in the number of annual ignitions and wildfire spread potential. However, a conversion to less-flammable vegetation triggered by interactions between climate change and disturbance may attenuate this trend. By addressing the range of uncertainty of future conditions, we present a robust strategy to assist in decision-making about long-term risk management for both the proposed conservation measure and the powerline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denyse A. Dawe
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceNorthern Forestry CentreEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Marc‐André Parisien
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceNorthern Forestry CentreEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Yan Boulanger
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceLaurentian Forestry CentreQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - Jonathan Boucher
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest ServiceLaurentian Forestry CentreQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - Alexandre Beauchemin
- Department of Health, Safety and Environment DirectionHydro‐QuébecMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Dominique Arseneault
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and GeographyUniversité du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQuébecCanada
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Renaudin M, Laforest-Lapointe I, Bellenger JP. Unraveling global and diazotrophic bacteriomes of boreal forest floor feather mosses and their environmental drivers at the ecosystem and at the plant scale in North America. Sci Total Environ 2022; 837:155761. [PMID: 35533858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Feather mosses are abundant cryptogams of the boreal forest floor and shelter a broad diversity of bacteria who have important ecological functions (e.g., decomposition, nutrient cycling). In particular, nitrogen (N2-) fixation performed by feather moss-associated diazotrophs constitutes an important entry of nitrogen in the boreal forest ecosystem. However, the composition of the feather moss bacteriome and its environmental drivers are still unclear. Using cDNA amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA and nifH genes and cyanobacterial biomass quantification, we explored the active global and diazotrophic bacterial communities of two dominant feather moss species (i) at the ecosystem scale, along a 500-km climatic and nutrient deposition gradient in the North American boreal forest, and (ii) at the plant scale, along the moss shoot senescence gradient. We found that cyanobacteria were major actors of the feather moss bacteriome, accounting for 33% of global bacterial communities and 65% of diazotrophic communities, and that several cyanobacterial and methanotrophic genera were contributing to N2-fixation. Moreover, we showed that bacteria were occupying ecological niches along the moss shoot, with phototrophs being dominant in the apical part and methanotrophs being dominant in the basal part. Finally, climate (temperature, precipitation), environmental variables (moss species, month, tree density) and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, molybdenum, vanadium, iron) strongly shaped global and diazotrophic bacteriomes. In summary, this work presents evidence that the feather moss bacteriome plays crucial roles in supporting moss growth, health, and decomposition, as well as in the boreal forest carbon and nitrogen cycles. This study also highlights the substantial effects of climate and nutrients on the feather moss bacteriome, suggesting the importance of understanding the impacts of global change on moss-associated bacterial growth and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Renaudin
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Centre Sève, Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1 Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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Chen C, Huang JH, Meusburger K, Li K, Fu X, Rinklebe J, Alewell C, Feng X. The interplay between atmospheric deposition and soil dynamics of mercury in Swiss and Chinese boreal forests: A comparison study. Environ Pollut 2022; 307:119483. [PMID: 35595001 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the different histories of Hg deposition in Davos Seehornwald in E-Switzerland and Changbai Mountain in NE-China, the influence of atmospheric deposition on Hg soil dynamics in forest soil profiles was investigated. Today, Hg fluxes in bulk precipitation were similar, and soil profiles were generally sinks for atmospherically deposited Hg at both sites. Noticeably, a net release of 2.07 μg Hg m-2 yr-1 from the Bs horizon (Podzol) in Seehornwald was highlighted, where Hg concentration (up to 73.9 μg kg-1) and soil storage (100 mg m-3) peaked. Sequential extraction revealed that organic matter and crystalline Fe and Al hydr (oxide)-associated Hg decreased in the E horizon but increased in the Bs horizon as compared to the Ah horizon, demonstrating the coupling of Hg dynamics with the podzolisation process and accumulation of legacy Hg deposited last century in the Bs horizon. The mor humus in Seehornwald allowed Hg enrichment in the forest floor (182-269 μg kg-1). In Changbai Mountain, the Hg concentrations in the Cambisol surface layer with mull humus were markedly lower (<148 μg kg-1), but with much higher Hg soil storage (54-120 mg m-3) than in the Seehornwald forest floor (18-27 mg m-3). Thus, the vertical distribution pattern of Hg was influenced by humus form and soil type. The concentrations of Hg in soil porewater in Seehornwald (3.4-101 ng L-1) and in runoff of Changbai Mountain (1.26-5.62 ng L-1) were all low. Moreover, the pools of readily extractable Hg in the soils at both sites were all <2% of total Hg. Therefore, the potential of Hg release from the forest soil profile to the adjacent aquatic environment is currently low at both sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jen-How Huang
- Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Meusburger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuewu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xian, 710061, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Christine Alewell
- Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xian, 710061, China.
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50
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Liu P, Barr AG, Zha T, Black TA, Jassal RS, Nesic Z, Helgason WD, Jia X, Tian Y. Re-assessment of the climatic controls on the carbon and water fluxes of a boreal aspen forest over 1996-2016: Changing sensitivity to long-term climatic conditions. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:4605-4619. [PMID: 35474386 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the relationships between climate and boreal tree growth are generally non-stationary; however, it remains uncertain whether the relationships between climate and carbon (C) fluxes of boreal forests are stationary or have changed over recent decades. In this study, we used continuous eddy-covariance and microclimate data over 21 years (1996-2016) from a 100-year-old trembling aspen stand in central Saskatchewan, Canada to assess the relationships between climate and ecosystem C and water fluxes. Over the study period, the most striking climatic event was a severe, 3-year drought (2001-2003). Gross ecosystem production (GEP) showed larger interannual variability than ecosystem respiration (Re ) over 1996-2016, but Re was the dominant component contributing to the interannual variation in net ecosystem production (NEP) during post-drought years. The interannual variations in evapotranspiration (ET) and C fluxes were primarily driven by temperature and secondarily by water availability. Two-factor linear models combining precipitation and temperature performed well in explaining the interannual variation in C and water fluxes (R2 > .5). The temperature sensitivities of all three C fluxes (NEP, GEP and Re ) declined over the study period (p < .05), and, as a result, the phenological controls on annual NEP weakened. The decreasing temperature sensitivity of the C fluxes may reflect changes in forest structure, related to the over-maturity of the aspen stand at 100 years of age, and exacerbated by high tree mortality following the severe 2001-2003 drought. These results may provide an early warning signal of driver shift or even an abrupt status shift of aspen forest dynamics. They may also imply a universal weakening in the relationship between temperature and GEP as forests become over-mature, associated with the structural and compositional changes that accompany forest ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Alan G Barr
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tianshan Zha
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - T Andrew Black
- Biometeorology and Soil Physics Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rachhpal S Jassal
- Biometeorology and Soil Physics Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zoran Nesic
- Biometeorology and Soil Physics Group, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Warren D Helgason
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Xin Jia
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Tian
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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