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Yanagibashi S, Bamba T, Kirisako T, Kondo A, Hasunuma T. The potency of mitochondria enlargement for mitochondria-mediated terpenoid production in yeast. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:110. [PMID: 38229297 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Terpenoids are widely used in the food, beverage, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Microorganisms have been extensively studied for terpenoid production. In yeast, the introduction of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway in organelles in addition to the augmentation of its own MVA pathway have been challenging. Introduction of the MVA pathway into mitochondria is considered a promising approach for terpenoid production because acetyl-CoA, the starting molecule of the MVA pathway, is abundant in mitochondria. However, mitochondria comprise only a small percentage of the entire cell. Therefore, we hypothesized that increasing the total mitochondrial volume per cell would increase terpenoid production. First, we ascertained that the amounts of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), the final molecules of the MVA pathway, were 15-fold higher of the strain expressing the MVA pathway in mitochondria than in the wild-type yeast strain. Second, we found that different deletion mutants induced different mitochondrial volumes by measuring the mitochondrial volume in various deletion mutants affecting mitochondrial morphology; for example,Δmdm32 increased mitochondrial volume, and Δfzo1 decreased it. Finally, the effects of mitochondrial volume on amounts of IPP/DMAPP and terpenoids (squalene or β-carotene) were investigated using mutants harboring large or small mitochondria expressing the MVA pathway in mitochondria. Amounts of IPP/DMAPP and terpenoids (squalene or β-carotene) increased when the mitochondrial volume expanded. Introducing the MVA pathway into mitochondria for terpenoid production in yeast may become more attractive by enlarging the mitochondrial volume. KEY POINTS: • IPP/DMAPP content increased in the strain expressing the MVA pathway in mitochondria • IPP/DMAPP and terpenoid contents are positively correlated with mitochondrial volume • Enlarging the mitochondria may improve mitochondria-mediated terpenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yanagibashi
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd., 26-1-12-12 Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Takahiro Bamba
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 6578501, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kirisako
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd., 26-1-12-12 Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 6578501, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 6578501, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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Li X, Liu L, Chu J, Wei G, Li J, Sun X, Fan H. Functional characterization of terpene synthases SmTPS1 involved in floral scent formation in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Phytochemistry 2024; 221:114045. [PMID: 38460781 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Plants attract beneficial insects and promote pollination by releasing floral scents. Salvia miltiorrhiza, as an insect-pollinated flowering plant, which has been less studied for its floral aroma substances. This study revealed that S. miltiorrhiza flowers produce various volatile terpenoids, including five monoterpenes and ten sesquiterpenes, with the sesquiterpene compound (E)-β-caryophyllene being the most abundant, accounting for 28.1% of the total volatile terpenoids. Y-tube olfactometer experiments were conducted on the primary pollinator of S. miltiorrhiza, the Apis ceranas. The results indicated that (E)-β-caryophyllene compound had an attractive effect on the Apis ceranas. By comparing the homologous sequences with the genes of (E)-β-caryophyllene terpene synthases in other plants, the SmTPS1 gene was selected for further experiment. Subcellular localization experiments showed SmTPS1 localized in the cytoplasm, and its in vitro enzyme assay revealed that it could catalyze FPP into β-Elemene, (E)-β-caryophyllene and α-Humulene. Overexpression of SmTPS1 in S. miltiorrhiza resulted in a 5.29-fold increase in gene expression. The GC-MS analysis revealed a significant increase in the concentration of (E)-β-caryophyllene in the transgenic plants, with levels 2.47-fold higher compared to the empty vector plants. Furthermore, Y-tube olfactometer experiments showed that the transgenic plants were significantly more attractive to Apis ceranas compared to the empty vector plants. Co-expression analysis suggested that four SmMYCs (SmMYC1, SmMYC5, SmMYC10, and SmMYC11) may be involved in the transcriptional regulation of SmTPS1. The yeast one-hybrid screen and the Dual luciferase assay indicated that SmMYC10 positively regulates the expression of SmTPS1. In conclusion, this study lays a foundation for the functional analysis and transcriptional regulation of terpene synthase genes in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jin Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Guo Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jiaxue Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xu Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Honghong Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Zhang K, Zhang J, Zheng T, Gu W, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhou P, Fang Y, Chen K. Preharvest application of MeJA enhancing the quality of postharvest grape berries via regulating terpenes biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid metabolisms. Food Chem 2024; 438:137958. [PMID: 38000159 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is an important phytohormone that regulates the development of grape, but the effect and underpin mechanism of its preharvest application on secondary metabolites accumulation in postharvest grape berries are still unclear. In this study, the transcriptome profiles combined with metabolic components analysis were used to determine the effect of preharvest MeJA application on the quality formation of postharvest rose-flavor table grape Shine Muscat. The results indicated that preharvest MeJA treatment had no significant effect on TSS content, but had a down-regulation effect on the accumulation of reducing sugar and titratable acid in the berries. The content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in treated berries was significantly higher than that of the control. Many phenolic components, such as trans-ferulic acid, resveratrol, quercetin, and kaempferol, were sensitive to MeJA and their contents were also significantly higher than that of the control under MeJA treatments during the shelf life. Compared with other volatile aroma components, terpenoid components were more sensitive to preharvest MeJA signals, the content of which presented an overall upward trend with increasing MeJA concentration and prolonging storage time. Furthermore, most of the differentially expressed genes in the general phenylpropanoid pathway and terpenoid biosynthesis pathway were up-regulated responding to MeJA signals. The most upregulated regulatory factors, such as VvWRKY72, VvMYB24, and VvWRI1, may be involved in MeJA signal transduction and regulation. Preharvest MeJA may be an effective technique for enhancing the quality of postharvest Shine Muscat grape berries, with its positive effect on enhancing the characteristic aroma and nutritional components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kekun Zhang
- College of Enology, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- College of Enology, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tianyi Zheng
- College of Enology, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Weijie Gu
- College of Enology, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Enology, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wanping Li
- College of Enology, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Penghui Zhou
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wine Grape and Wine, COFCO Great Wall Wine (Penglai) Co., Ltd, Yantai 265600, China
| | - Yulin Fang
- College of Enology, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Keqin Chen
- College of Enology, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Ningxia Helan Mountain's East Foothill Wine Experiment and Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Li Y, Tian Y, Zhou X, Guo X, Ya H, Li S, Yu X, Yuan C, Gao K. Widely targeted metabolomics reveals differences in metabolites of Paeonia lactiflora cultivars. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298194. [PMID: 38625916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paeonia lactiflora contains diverse active constituents and exhibits various pharmacological activities. However, only partial identification of biologically active substances from P. lactiflora has been achieved using low-throughput techniques. Here, the roots of P. lactiflora, namely, Fenyunu (CK), Dafugui (DFG), and Red Charm (HSML), were studied. The primary and secondary metabolites were investigated using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESIMS/MS). METHODS The chemical compounds and categories were detected using broadly targeted UPLC-MS/MS. Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were carried out for metabolites of different varieties of P. lactiflora. RESULTS A total of 1237 compounds were detected and classified into 11 categories. HCA, PCA, and OPLS-DA of these metabolites indicated that each variety of P. lactiflora was clearly separated from the other groups. Differential accumulated metabolite analysis revealed that the three P. lactiflora varieties contained 116 differentially activated metabolites (DAMs) involved in flavonoid, flavone, and flavonol metabolism. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that, in 65 pathways, 336 differentially abundant metabolites (DMs) were enriched in the CK and DFG groups; moreover, the type and content of terpenoids were greater in the CK group than in the DFG group. The CK and HSML groups contained 457 DMs enriched in 61 pathways; the type and amount of flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins were greater in the CK group than in the HSML group. The DFG and HSML groups contained 497 DMs enriched in 65 pathways; terpenoids and alkaloids were more abundant in the HSML variety than in the DFG variety. CONCLUSIONS A total of 1237 compounds were detected, and the results revealed significant differences among the three P. lactiflora varieties. Among the three P. lactiflora varieties, phenolic acids and flavonoids composed the largest and most diverse category of metabolites, and their contents varied greatly. Therefore, CK is suitable for medicinal plant varieties, and DFG and HSML are suitable for ornamental plant varieties. Twelve proanthocyanidin metabolites likely determined the differences in color among the three varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yingying Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiangmeng Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Huiyuan Ya
- School of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiangli Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Congying Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Luoyang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang, Henan, China
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Jiao N, Xu J, Wang Y, Li D, Chen F, Chen Y, Chen J. Genome-wide characterization of post-transcriptional processes related to wood formation in Dalbergia odorifera. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:372. [PMID: 38627613 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative polyadenylation (APA), alternative splicing (AS), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play regulatory roles in post-transcriptional processes in plants. However, little is known about their involvement in xylem development in Dalbergia odorifera, a valuable rosewood species with medicinal and commercial significance. We addressed this by conducting Isoform Sequencing (Iso-Seq) using PacBio's SMRT technology and combined it with RNA-seq analysis (RNA sequencing on Illumina platform) after collecting xylem samples from the transition zone and the sapwood of D. odorifera. RESULTS We identified 14,938 full-length transcripts, including 9,830 novel isoforms, which has updated the D. odorifera genome annotation. Our analysis has revealed that 4,164 genes undergo APA, whereas 3,084 genes encounter AS. We have also annotated 118 lncRNAs. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis identified 170 differential alternative splicing (DAS) events, 344 genes with differential APA site usage (DE-APA), and 6 differentially expressed lncRNAs in the transition zone when compared to the sapwood. AS, APA, and lncRNAs are differentially regulated during xylem development. Differentially expressed APA genes were enriched for terpenoid and flavonoid metabolism, indicating their role in the heartwood formation. Additionally, DE-APA genes were associated with cell wall biosynthesis and terpenoid metabolism, implying an APA's role in wood formation. A DAS gene (involved in chalcone accumulation) with a significantly greater inclusion of the last exon in the transition zone than in the sapwood was identified. We also found that differentially expressed lncRNAs targeted the genes related to terpene synthesis. CONCLUSIONS This study enhances our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying wood formation in D. odorifera, and provides valuable genetic resources and insights for its molecular-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanbo Jiao
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, 572019, China
| | - Jieru Xu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, 572019, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, 572019, China
| | - Dunxi Li
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Sanya, 572019, China.
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, 571100, China.
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Zhao X, Ge W, Miao Z. Integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveals the accumulation patterns of key metabolites associated with flavonoids and terpenoids of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8644. [PMID: 38622163 PMCID: PMC11018608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (G. pentaphyllum) is a medicinal and edible plant with multiple functions of liver protection, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, balancing blood sugar and blood lipids. The nutritional value of the G. pentaphyllum plant is mainly due to its rich variety of biologically active substances, such as flavonoids, terpenes and polysaccharides. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis combining metabolomics and root, stem and leaf transcriptomic data of G. pentaphyllum. We used transcriptomics and metabolomics data to construct a dynamic regulatory network diagram of G. pentaphyllum flavonoids and terpenoids, and screened the transcription factors involved in flavonoids and terpenoids, including basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), myb-related, WRKY, AP2/ERF. Transcriptome analysis results showed that among the DEGs related to the synthesis of flavonoids and terpenoids, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases (GGPPS) were core genes. This study presents a dynamic image of gene expression in different tissues of G. pentaphyllum, elucidating the key genes and metabolites of flavonoids and terpenoids. This study is beneficial to a deeper understanding of the medicinal plants of G. pentaphyllum, and also provides a scientific basis for further regulatory mechanisms of plant natural product synthesis pathways and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Ge
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Miao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
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Hu Q, Zhang Y, Tu Z, Wen S, Wang J, Wang M, Li H. The identification and functional characterization of the LcMCT gene from Liriodendron chinense reveals its potenatial role in carotenoids biosyanthesis. Gene 2024; 902:148180. [PMID: 38253298 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Terpenoids are not only important component of plant floral scent, but also indispensable elements in the formation of floral color. The petals of Liriodendron chinense are rich in tetraterpene carotenoids and release large amounts of volatile monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds during full blooming stage. However, the mechanism of terpenoid synthesis is not clear in L. chinense. In this study, we identified a LcMCT gene and characterized its potential function in carotenoids biosynthesis. A total of 2947 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discerned from the transcriptomic data of L. chinense petals, with a significant enrichment of DEGs related to plant hormone signal transduction and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. After comprehensive analysis on these DEGs, the LcMCT gene was selected for subsequent function characterization. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results showed that LcMCT was expressed at the highest level in the petals during full blooming stage, suggesting a possible role in carotenoids biosynthesis and volatile terpenoid biosynthesis. Subcellular localization showed that the LcMCT protein was localized in the chloroplast. Overexpression of LcMCT in Arabidopsis thaliana affected the expression levels of MEP pathway genes. Moreover, the MCT enzyme activity and carotenoids contents in transgenic A. thaliana were increased by 69.27% and 15.57%, respectively. These results suggest that LcMCT promotes the biosynthesis of terpenoid precursors via the MEP pathway. Our work lays a foundation for exploring the mechanism of terpenoid synthesis in L. chinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhonghua Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shaoying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Minxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Huogen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Cai P, Lan Y, Gong F, Li C, Xia F, Li Y, Fang C. Comparative physiology and transcriptome response patterns in cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive varieties of Solanum melongena. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:256. [PMID: 38594627 PMCID: PMC11003173 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change has led to severe cold events, adversely impacting global crop production. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), a significant economic crop, is highly susceptible to cold damage, affecting both yield and quality. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms governing cold resistance, including the identification of key genes and comprehensive transcriptional regulatory pathways, is crucial for developing new varieties with enhanced tolerance. RESULTS In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of leaf physiological indices and transcriptome sequencing results. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) highlighted peroxidase (POD) activity and soluble protein as crucial physiological indicators for both varieties. RNA-seq data analysis revealed that a total of 7024 and 6209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from variety "A" and variety "B", respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment of DEGs demonstrated that the significant roles of starch and sucrose metabolism, glutathione metabolism, terpenoid synthesis, and energy metabolism (sucrose and starch metabolism) were the key pathways in eggplant. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) shown that the enrichment of numerous cold-responsive genes, pathways, and soluble proteins in the MEgrep60 modules. Core hub genes identified in the co-expression network included POD, membrane transporter-related gene MDR1, abscisic acid-related genes, growth factor enrichment gene DELLA, core components of the biological clock PRR7, and five transcription factors. Among these, the core transcription factor MYB demonstrated co-expression with signal transduction, plant hormone, biosynthesis, and metabolism-related genes, suggesting a pivotal role in the cold response network. CONCLUSION This study integrates physiological indicators and transcriptomics to unveil the molecular mechanisms responsible for the differences in cold tolerance between the eggplant cold-tolerant variety "A" and the cold-sensitive variety "B". These mechanisms include modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevation in osmotic carbohydrate and free proline content, and the expression of terpenoid synthesis genes. This comprehensive understanding contributes valuable insights into the molecular underpinnings of cold stress tolerance, ultimately aiding in the improvement of crop cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cai
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Vegetables, Chengdu, 611934, China
| | - Yanhong Lan
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Vegetables, Chengdu, 611934, China
| | - Fangyi Gong
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Vegetables, Chengdu, 611934, China
| | - Chun Li
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Vegetables, Chengdu, 611934, China
| | - Feng Xia
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Vegetables, Chengdu, 611934, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Vegetables, Chengdu, 611934, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China.
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066, China.
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Vegetables, Chengdu, 611934, China.
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Zhan J, Di T, Chen X, Zheng T, Sun W, Yang M, Zhou M, Shen Z, Chen H, Su N. CbMYB108 integrates the regulation of diterpene biosynthesis and trichome development in Conyza blinii against UV-B. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:1300-1318. [PMID: 38221803 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Plants synthesize abundant terpenes through glandular trichomes (GTs), thereby protecting themselves from environmental stresses and increasing the economic value in some medicinal plants. However, the potential mechanisms for simultaneously regulating terpenes synthesis and GTs development remain unclear. Here, we showed that terpenes in Conyza blinii could be synthesized through capitate GTs. By treating with appropriate intensity of UV-B, the density of capitate GTs and diterpene content can be increased. Through analyzing corresponding transcriptome, we identified a MYB transcription factor CbMYB108 as a positive regulator of both diterpene synthesis and capitate GT density. Transiently overexpressing/silencing CbMYB108 on C. blinii leaves could increase diterpene synthesis and capitate GT density. Further verification showed that CbMYB108 upregulated CbDXS and CbGGPPS expression in diterpene synthesis pathway. Moreover, CbMYB108 could also upregulated the expression of CbTTG1, key WD40 protein confirmed in this study to promote GT development, rather than through interaction between CbMYB108 and CbTTG1 proteins. Thus, results showed that the UV-B-induced CbMYB108 owned dual-function of simultaneously improving diterpene synthesis and GT development. Our research lays a theoretical foundation for cultivating C. blinii with high terpene content, and broadens the understanding of the integrated mechanism on terpene synthesis and GT development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Tiantian Di
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianrun Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Planting Institute, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Nana Su
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Chen F, Shi L, Hu J, Wang J, Li Z, Xiu Y, He B, Lin S, Liang D. Revelation of enzyme/transporter-mediated metabolic regulatory model for high-quality terpene accumulation in developing fruits of Lindera glauca. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130763. [PMID: 38467223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Lindera glauca with rich resource and fruit terpene has emerged as potential material for utilization in China, but different germplasms show a variation for essential oil content and volatile profiling. This work aimed to determine key regulators (enzymes or transporters) and unravel mechanism of governing high production of essential oil of L. glauca fruit (EO-LGF). Temporal analysis of fruit growth and EO-LGF accumulation (yield, volatile compounds and contents) during development revealed a notable change in the contents of EO-LGF and its 45 compounds in developing fruits, and the major groups were monoterpene and sesquiterpene, showing good antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. To highlight molecular mechanism that govern such difference in terpene content and compound in developing fruits, Genome-wide assay was used to annotate 104 genes for terpene-synthesis pathway based on recent transcriptome data, and the comparative associations of terpene accumulative amount with gene transcriptional level were conducted on developing fruits to identify some crucial determinants (enzymes and transporters) with metabolic regulation model for high-quality terpene accumulation, involving in carbon allocation (sucrose cleavage, glycolysis and OPP pathway), metabolite transport, isoprene precursor production, C5-unit formation (MEP and MVA pathways), and mono-/sesqui-terpene synthesis. Our findings may present strategy for engineering terpene accumulation for utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingling Shi
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinhe Hu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yu Xiu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Boxiang He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China.
| | - Shanzhi Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Dongcheng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China.
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11
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Feng K, Yan YJ, Sun N, Yang ZY, Zhao SP, Wu P, Li LJ. Exogenous methyl jasmonate treatment induced the transcriptional responses and accumulation of volatile terpenoids in Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131017. [PMID: 38513909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Water dropwort is favored by consumers for its unique flavor and medicinal value. Terpenoids were identified as the main volatile compounds related to its flavor. In this study, water dropwort was treated with different concentrations of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The contents of volatile terpenoids were determined under various MeJA treatments. The results indicated that 0.1 mM of MeJA most effectively promoted the biosynthesis of flavor-related terpenoids in water dropwort. Terpinolene accounted the highest proportion among terpene compounds in water dropwort. The contents of jasmonates in water dropwort were also increased after exogenous MeJA treatments. Transcriptome analysis indicated that DEGs involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway were upregulated. The TPS family was identified from water dropwort, and the expression levels of Oj0473630, Oj0287510 and Oj0240400 genes in TPS-b subfamily were consistent with the changes of terpene contents under MeJA treatments. Oj0473630 was cloned from the water dropwort and designated as OjTPS3, which is predicted to be related to the biosynthesis of terpinolene in water dropwort. Subcellular localization indicated that OjTPS3 protein was localized in chloroplast. Protein purification and enzyme activity of OjTPS3 protein were conducted. The results showed that the purified OjTPS3 protein catalyzed the biosynthesis of terpinolene by using geranyl diphosphate (GPP) as substrate in vitro. This study will facilitate to further understand the molecular mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis and provide a strategy to improve the flavor of water dropwort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ya-Jie Yan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shu-Ping Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Peng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Liang-Jun Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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12
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Zheng YY, Chen LH, Fan BL, Xu Z, Wang Q, Zhao BY, Gao M, Yuan MH, Tahir Ul Qamar M, Jiang Y, Yang L, Wang L, Li W, Cai W, Ma C, Lu L, Song JM, Chen LL. Integrative multiomics profiling of passion fruit reveals the genetic basis for fruit color and aroma. Plant Physiol 2024; 194:2491-2510. [PMID: 38039148 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) possesses a complex aroma and is widely grown in tropical and subtropical areas. Here, we conducted the de novo assembly, annotation, and comparison of PPF (P. edulis Sims) and YPF (P. edulis f. flavicarpa) reference genomes using PacBio, Illumina, and Hi-C technologies. Notably, we discovered evidence of recent whole-genome duplication events in P. edulis genomes. Comparative analysis revealed 7.6∼8.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, 1 million insertions/deletions, and over 142 Mb presence/absence variations among different P. edulis genomes. During the ripening of yellow passion fruit, metabolites related to flavor, aroma, and color were substantially accumulated or changed. Through joint analysis of genomic variations, differentially expressed genes, and accumulated metabolites, we explored candidate genes associated with flavor, aroma, and color distinctions. Flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways, and related metabolites are pivotal factors affecting the coloration of passion fruit, and terpenoid metabolites accumulated more in PPF. Finally, by heterologous expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), we functionally characterized 12 terpene synthases. Our findings revealed that certain TPS homologs in both YPF and PPF varieties produce identical terpene products, while others yield distinct compounds or even lose their functionality. These discoveries revealed the genetic and metabolic basis of unique characteristics in aroma and flavor between the 2 passion fruit varieties. This study provides resources for better understanding the genome architecture and accelerating genetic improvement of passion fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lin-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Bing-Liang Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhenni Xu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bo-Yuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Min-Hui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir Ul Qamar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Weihui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenguo Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chongjian Ma
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Li Lu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jia-Ming Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ling-Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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13
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Chagas FO, Garrido LM, Conti R, Borges RM, Bielinski VA, Padilla G, Pupo MT. Unusual Sesquiterpenes from Streptomyces olindensis DAUFPE 5622. J Nat Prod 2024; 87:491-500. [PMID: 38422010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In nature, the vast majority of sesquiterpenes are produced by type I mechanisms, and glycosylated sesquiterpenes are rare in actinobacteria. Streptomyces olindensis DAUFPE 5622 produces the sesquiterpenes olindenones A-G, a new class of rearranged drimane sesquiterpenes. Olindenones B-D are oxygenated derivatives of olindenone A, while olindenones E-G are analogs glycosylated with dideoxysugars. 13C-isotope labeling studies demonstrated olindenone A biosynthesis occurs via the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway and suggested the rearrangement is only partially concerted. Based on the structures, one potential mechanism of olindenone A formation proceeds by cyclization of the linear terpenoid precursor, likely occurring via a terpene cyclase-mediated type II mechanism whereby the terminal alkene of the precursor is protonated, triggering carbocation-driven cyclization followed by rearrangement. Diphosphate hydrolysis may occur either before or after cyclization. Although a biosynthetic route is proposed, the terpene cyclase gene responsible for producing olindenones currently remains unidentified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda O Chagas
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 05508-070, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Leandro M Garrido
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-070, Brazil
| | - Raphael Conti
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 05508-070, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Borges
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Vincent A Bielinski
- Synthetic Biology and Bioenergy Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Padilla
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-070, Brazil
| | - Mônica T Pupo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 05508-070, Brazil
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14
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Zhang B, Hao L, Zhang J, Feng J, Wang C, Zhang J. Integration of transcriptome, volatile and non-volatile metabolite profile reveals characteristic aroma formation in Toona sinensis. Food Chem 2024; 436:137788. [PMID: 37866100 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Toona sinensis is renowned for its unique aroma, but the formation mechanism remains unclear. In this study, volatile and non-volatile metabolites were combined with transcriptomes to investigate the potential mechanism of aroma formation in T. sinensis buds (TSB) and microgreens (TSM). Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) and terpenes were the main volatiles of TSM and TSB, respectively. 20 volatiles were identified as potential biomarkers, mainly VSCs and terpenes. In VSC biosynthesis pathways, cysteine was primarily synthesized from serine transformation in TSM. S-(trans-l-propenyl)-l-cysteine was likely to be the main precursor of VSC biosynthesis in T. sinensis. Higher expression of lachrymatory-factor synthase (LFS) consuming more precursor (1-propenyl sulfenic acid) in TSB led to reduced accumulation of VSCs. Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) and mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MPDC) might play crucial roles in T. sinensis terpene biosynthesis. This study provided valuable insights into the formation of characteristic aromas in T. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, School of Chemistry Engineering, Xian University, Xian, Shaanxi, 710065, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lifang Hao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jinze Feng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Jingfang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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15
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Zhou J, Xu S, Li H, Xi H, Cheng W, Yang C. A Ribulose-5-phosphate Shunt from the Calvin-Benson Cycle to Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway for Enhancing Photosynthetic Terpenoid Production. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:876-887. [PMID: 38362836 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are attractive hosts for photosynthetic terpenoid production, using CO2 as the sole carbon source. Although the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway is superior to the mevalonate pathway for cyanobacterial terpenoid synthesis, the first reaction of the MEP pathway, which is catalyzed by 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) synthase, involves complex regulation and carbon loss. Here, we constructed a direct route linking ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P) in the Calvin-Benson (CB) cycle with DXP in the MEP pathway in a cyanobacterium to increase the terpenoid yield from CO2 and bypass the DXS-targeted regulations. By employing the adaptive laboratory evolution, we identified new RibB variants including RibB 90-92del with a high activity of synthesizing DXP from Ru5P. These RibB variants were introduced into Synechococcus elongatus, resulting in the significantly increased photosynthetic production of isopentenol. The 13C tracer experiments demonstrated a direct carbon flow from Ru5P in the CB cycle to the MEP pathway; thus, this direct route was denoted as the Ru5P shunt. The strain harboring the Ru5P shunt produced 105.2 mg L-1 of isopentenol with an average rate of 17.5 mg L-1 d-1 under continuous light conditions, which is higher than those ever reported for five-carbon alcohol production by photoautotrophic microorganisms. Utilization of the Ru5P shunt in cyanobacterial cells also improved the pinene production, which demonstrates that this shunt can be used to enhance the photosynthetic production of diverse terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suxian Xu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hu Li
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huachao Xi
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenbo Cheng
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Yang
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Shi M, Zhang S, Zheng Z, Maoz I, Zhang L, Kai G. Molecular regulation of the key specialized metabolism pathways in medicinal plants. J Integr Plant Biol 2024; 66:510-531. [PMID: 38441295 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The basis of modern pharmacology is the human ability to exploit the production of specialized metabolites from medical plants, for example, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acids. However, in most cases, the availability of these valuable compounds is limited by cellular or organelle barriers or spatio-temporal accumulation patterns within different plant tissues. Transcription factors (TFs) regulate biosynthesis of these specialized metabolites by tightly controlling the expression of biosynthetic genes. Cutting-edge technologies and/or combining multiple strategies and approaches have been applied to elucidate the role of TFs. In this review, we focus on recent progress in the transcription regulation mechanism of representative high-value products and describe the transcriptional regulatory network, and future perspectives are discussed, which will help develop high-yield plant resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zizhen Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Itay Maoz
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon, LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
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17
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Zhou C, Li P, Fu S, You Y, Guo S, Piyaporn C, Mei X, Zhou X, Girdthai T. Metabolomics reveals the importance of metabolites in Mussaenda pubescens for antioxidant properties and quality traits. Physiol Plant 2024; 176:e14299. [PMID: 38628104 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Mussaenda pubescens (Mp) is a valuable medicinal plant that has traditionally been used for medicinal purposes or as a tea substitute. However, there are few studies on the comprehensive and dynamic evaluation of Mp metabolites. This study used an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) approach and biochemical analysis to investigate substance changes in leaves at three different stages and elucidate the relationship between metabolites and antioxidant capacity. The findings showed that Mp leaves contained 957 metabolites, the majority of which were phenolic acids, lipids, and terpenoids. The metabolite profiling of Mp leaves was significantly influenced by their growth and development at different stages. A total of 317 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were screened, including 150 primary metabolites and 167 secondary metabolites, with 202 DAMs found in bud leaf vs. tender leaf, 54 DAMs in tender leaf vs. mature leaf, and 254 DAMs in bud leaf vs. mature leaf. Total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanin concentrations decreased as Mp leaves grew and developed, whereas terpenoids increased significantly. The secondary metabolites also demonstrated a positive correlation with antioxidant activity. Phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and anthocyanins were the primary factors influencing the antioxidant activity of leaves. These findings provide new insights into the metabolite formation mechanism, as well as the development and utilization of Mp tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caibi Zhou
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Yan You
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Sijian Guo
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Chueamchaitrakun Piyaporn
- School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Tea and Coffee Institute, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Xin Mei
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhou
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun, China
| | - Teerayoot Girdthai
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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18
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Adusumilli SH, Dabburu GR, Kumar M, Arora P, Chattopadhyaya B, Behera D, Bachhawat AK. The potential of R. toruloides mevalonate pathway genes in increasing isoprenoid yields in S. cerevisiae: Evaluation of GGPPS and HMG-CoA reductase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 174:110374. [PMID: 38147781 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The enzymes of the mevalonate pathway need to be improved to achieve high yields of isoprenoids in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The red yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides produces high levels of carotenoids and may have evolved to carry a naturally high flux of isoprenoids. Enzymes from such yeasts are likely to be promising candidates for improvement. Towards this end, we have systematically investigated the various enzymes of the mevalonate pathway of R. toruloides and custom synthesized, expressed, and evaluated six key enzymes in S. cerevisiae. The two nodal enzymes geranyl pyrophosphate synthase (RtGGPPS) and truncated HMG-CoA reductase (RttHMG) of R. toruloides showed a significant advantage to the cells for isoprenoid production as seen by a visual carotenoid screen. These two were analyzed further, and attempts were also made at further improvement. RtGGPPS was confirmed to be superior to the S. cerevisiae enzyme, as seen from in vitro activity determinations and in vivo production of the heterologous diterpenoid sclareol. Four mutants were created through rational mutagenesis but were unable to improve the activity further. In the case of RttHMG, functional evaluation of the enzyme revealed that it was very unstable despite functioning very well in S. cerevisiae. We succeeded in stabilizing the enzyme through mutation of a conserved serine in the catalytic region, which did not alter the enzyme activity per se. In vivo evaluation of the mutant revealed that it could enable better sclareol yields. Therefore, these two enzymes from the red yeast are excellent candidates for heterologous isoprenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Harsha Adusumilli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | | | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi (South Campus), India
| | - Prateek Arora
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Banani Chattopadhyaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Diptimayee Behera
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Anand Kumar Bachhawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India.
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19
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Qin L, Ma D, Lin G, Sun W, Li C. Low temperature promotes the production and efflux of terpenoids in yeast. Bioresour Technol 2024; 395:130376. [PMID: 38278452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Altering the fermentation environment provides an effective approach to optimizing the production efficiency of microbial cell factories globally. Here, lower fermentation temperatures of yeast were found to significantly improve the synthesis and efflux of terpenoids, including glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), β-caryophyllene, and α-amyrin. The production of GA at 22°C increased by 5.5 times compared to 30°C. Yeast subjected to lower temperature showed substantial changes at various omics levels. Certain genes involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis that were upregulated under the low temperature conditions, leading to enhanced GA production. Substituting Mvd1, a thermo-unstable enzyme in mevalonate pathway identified by transcriptome and proteome, with a thermo-tolerant isoenzyme effectively increased GA production. The lower temperature altered the composition of phospholipids and increased the unsaturation of fatty acid chains, which may influence GA efflux. This study presents a strategy for optimizing the fermentation process and identifying key targets of cell factories for terpenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongshi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyuan Lin
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Sun
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
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20
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Wu D, Zhang Y, Lin N, Wei Y. [Tissue specific distribution of terpenoid biosynthesis in Sarcandra glabra based on transcriptome and metabolome analysis]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2024; 40:542-561. [PMID: 38369840 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The leaves and roots of Sarcandra glabra (thunb) nakai have different therapeutic effects in some clinical applications. In order to explore the tissue specific distribution differences of terpenoids in the leaves and roots of S. glabra, and to analyze the molecular mechanism of the formation of their pharmacodynamic quality differences. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and Illumina HiSeqTM high-throughput sequencing techniques were respectively used to obtain the metabolome and transcriptome data of the leaves and roots of S. glabra. The metabolomics analysis showed that there were 50 differential terpenoids metabolites between the leaves and roots, including farnesylcysteine, d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and (R)-5-phosphomevalonate. The transcriptomics analysis indicated that there were 57 differentially expressed metabolic enzyme coding genes, including ACTC, HMGCR, MVK, DXS, and KS. Moreover, there were seven transcription factors, including MYB, C2H2, AP2/ERF-ERF, which were predicted to participate in regulating the differences in terpenoid synthesis and accumulation between the leaves and roots of S. glabra. qRT-PCR results demonstrated that the expression changes of eight randomly selected enzyme genes involved in terpene synthesis between the leaves and roots of S. glabra, which were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. This study will help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical efficacy differences between the leaves and roots of S. glabra, and facilitate the extraction, utilization, and resource development of S. glabra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Nan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yicong Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, China
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21
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Sweeney D, Chase AB, Bogdanov A, Jensen PR. MAR4 Streptomyces: A Unique Resource for Natural Product Discovery. J Nat Prod 2024; 87:439-452. [PMID: 38353658 PMCID: PMC10897937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Marine-derived Streptomyces have long been recognized as a source of novel, pharmaceutically relevant natural products. Among these bacteria, the MAR4 clade within the genus Streptomyces has been identified as metabolically rich, yielding over 93 different compounds to date. MAR4 strains are particularly noteworthy for the production of halogenated hybrid isoprenoid natural products, a relatively rare class of bacterial metabolites that possess a wide range of biological activities. MAR4 genomes are enriched in vanadium haloperoxidase and prenyltransferase genes, thus accounting for the production of these compounds. Functional characterization of the enzymes encoded in MAR4 genomes has advanced our understanding of halogenated, hybrid isoprenoid biosynthesis. Despite the exceptional biosynthetic capabilities of MAR4 bacteria, the large body of research they have stimulated has yet to be compiled. Here we review 35 years of natural product research on MAR4 strains and update the molecular diversity of this unique group of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Sweeney
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexander B. Chase
- Department
of Earth Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Alexander Bogdanov
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Paul R. Jensen
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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22
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Park SC, Steffan BN, Yun Lim F, Gupta R, Ayaloglu Butun F, Chen H, Ye R, Decker T, Wu CC, Kelleher NL, Woo Bok J, Keller NP. Terpenoid balance in Aspergillus nidulans unveiled by heterologous squalene synthase expression. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadk7416. [PMID: 38381828 PMCID: PMC10881027 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk7416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi produce numerous uncharacterized natural products (NPs) that are often challenging to characterize because of cryptic expression in laboratory conditions. Previously, we have successfully isolated novel NPs by expressing fungal artificial chromosomes (FACs) from a variety of fungal species into Aspergillus nidulans. Here, we demonstrate a twist to FAC utility wherein heterologous expression of a Pseudogymnoascus destructans FAC in A. nidulans altered endogenous terpene biosynthetic pathways. In contrast to wild type, the FAC transformant produced increased levels of squalene and aspernidine type compounds, including three new nidulenes (1- 2, and 5), and lost nearly all ability to synthesize the major A. nidulans characteristic terpene, austinol. Deletion of a squalene synthase gene in the FAC restored wild-type chemical profiles. The altered squalene to farnesyl pyrophosphate ratio leading to synthesis of nidulenes and aspernidines at the expense of farnesyl pyrophosphate-derived austinols provides unexpected insight into routes of terpene synthesis in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Chul Park
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Breanne N. Steffan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fang Yun Lim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raveena Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Rosa Ye
- Intact Genomics Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Neil L. Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jin Woo Bok
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nancy P. Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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23
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Afroz S, Khatoon K, Warsi Z, Husain Z, Kumar Verma S, Ur Rahman L. Molecular cloning and heterologous expression analysis of 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose-5-Phosphate Synthase gene in Centella asiatica L. Gene 2024; 895:148015. [PMID: 37984537 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Many genes involved in triterpenoid saponins in plants control isoprenoid flux and constitute the precursor pool, which is channeled into various downstream pathways leading to the synthesis of triterpenoid saponins in C. asiatica. Full-length 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose-5-Phosphate-Synthase (CaDXS) gene was isolated for the study from the previously annotated Centella asiatica leaves transcriptomic data. The CaDXS gene sequence was submitted to the NCBI databases with GenBank accession number MZ997832. The full-length CaDXS gene contained a 2244 base pair open reading frame that encoded a 747 amino acid polypeptide. The predicted molecular weight (MW) and theoretical pI of DXS are 76.28 kDa and 6.86, respectively. Multiple amino acid sequence alignment of amino acids and phylogenetic studies suggest that CaDXS shares high similarities with DXS from other plants DXS belonging to different families. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) version 10.1.6. Structural analysis provided fundamental information about the three-dimensional features and physicochemical parameters of the CaDXS protein. Quantitative expression analysis showed that CaDXS transcripts were maximally expressed in leaf, followed by petiole, roots, and node tissues. CaDXS was cloned into the expression vector pET28a, expressed heterologously in DH5α bacteria, confirmed by sequencing, and subsequently characterized by protein expression and functional complementation. The study focused on understanding the protein structure, biological significance, regulatory mechanism, functional analysis, and gene characterization of the centellosides biosynthetic pathway gene DXS for the first time in the plant. It would provide new information about the metabolic pathway and its relative contribution to isoprenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Afroz
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226022, India
| | - Kahkashan Khatoon
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226022, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Zafar Warsi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226022, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Zakir Husain
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226022, India
| | - Sanjeet Kumar Verma
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226022, India
| | - Laiq Ur Rahman
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226022, India.
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24
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Guan Z, Song Y, de Vries M, Permentier H, Tepper P, van Merkerk R, Setroikromo R, Quax WJ. The Promiscuity of Squalene Synthase-Like Enzyme: Dehydrosqualene Synthase, a Natural Squalene Hyperproducer? J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:3017-3024. [PMID: 38315649 PMCID: PMC10870770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Dehydrosqualene synthase (CrtM), as a squalene synthase-like enzyme from Staphylococcus aureus, can naturally utilize farnesyl diphosphate to produce dehydrosqualene (C30H48). However, no study has documented the natural production of squalene (C30H50) by CrtM. Here, based on an HPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS study, we report that the expression of crtM in vitro or in Bacillus subtilis 168 both results in the output of squalene, dehydrosqualene, and phytoene (C40H64). Notably, wild-type CrtM exhibits a significantly higher squalene yield compared to squalene synthase (SQS) from Bacillus megaterium with an approximately 2.4-fold increase. Moreover, the examination of presqualene diphosphate's stereostructures in both CrtM and SQS enzymes provides further understanding into the presence of multiple identified terpenoids. In summary, this study not only provides insights into the promiscuity demonstrated by squalene synthase-like enzymes but also highlights a new strategy of utilizing CrtM as a potential replacement for SQS in cell factories, thereby enhancing squalene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Guan
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Yafeng Song
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen9713 AV, The Netherlands
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application,
State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510070, China
| | - Marcel de Vries
- Interfaculty
Mass Spectrometry Center, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar Permentier
- Interfaculty
Mass Spectrometry Center, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Tepper
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Merkerk
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Setroikromo
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J. Quax
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen9713 AV, The Netherlands
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25
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Yu K, Liang P, Yu H, Liu H, Guo J, Yan X, Li Z, Li G, Wang Y, Wang C. Integrating Transcriptome and Chemical Analyses to Provide Insights into Biosynthesis of Terpenoids and Flavonoids in the Medicinal Industrial Crop Andrographis paniculate and Its Antiviral Medicinal Parts. Molecules 2024; 29:852. [PMID: 38398604 PMCID: PMC10893308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata is a medicinal plant traditionally used to produce diterpene lactones and flavonoids, which possess various biological activities. Widely distributed in China, India, and other Southeast Asia countries, A. paniculata has become an important economic crop, significantly treating SARS-CoV-2, and is being cultivated on a large scale in southern China. The biosynthesis of active ingredients in A. paniculata are regulated and controlled by genes, but their specific roles are still not fully understood. To further explore the growth regulation factors and utilization of its medicinal parts of this industrial crop, chemical and transcriptome analyses were conducted on the roots, stems, and leaves of A. paniculata to identify the biosynthesis pathways and related candidate genes of the active ingredients. The chemical analysis revealed that the main components of A. paniculata were diterpene lactones and flavonoids, which displayed potential ability to treat SARS-CoV-2 through molecular docking. Moreover, the transcriptome sequencing annotated a total of 40,850 unigenes, including 7962 differentially expressed genes. Among these, 120 genes were involved in diterpene lactone biosynthesis and 60 genes were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. The expression of diterpene lactone-related genes was the highest in leaves and the lowest in roots, consistent with our content determination results. It is speculated that these highly expressed genes in leaves may be involved in the biosynthesis pathway of diterpenes. Furthermore, two class Ⅰ terpene synthases in A. paniculata transcriptome were also annotated, providing reference for the downstream pathway of the diterpene lactone biosynthesis. With their excellent market value, our experiments will promote the study of the biosynthetic genes for active ingredients in A. paniculata and provide insights for subsequent in vitro biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Yu
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (K.Y.); (P.L.); (H.L.); (J.G.); (G.L.)
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Pengjie Liang
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (K.Y.); (P.L.); (H.L.); (J.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Heshui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (K.Y.); (P.L.); (H.L.); (J.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Jialiang Guo
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (K.Y.); (P.L.); (H.L.); (J.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Guoqiang Li
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (K.Y.); (P.L.); (H.L.); (J.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (K.Y.); (P.L.); (H.L.); (J.G.); (G.L.)
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.Y.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
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26
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Kong W, Zhao P, Zhang Q, Yang J, Zhu Q, Zhang Y, Deng X, Chen X, Lin J, Zhang X. Chromatin accessibility mediated transcriptome changes contribute to flavor substance alterations and jasmonic acid hyperaccumulation during oolong tea withering process. Plant J 2024; 117:679-693. [PMID: 37921032 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
During the oolong tea withering process, abiotic stresses induce significant changes in the content of various flavor substances and jasmonic acid (JA). However, the changes in chromatin accessibility during withering and their potential impact remain poorly understood. By integrating ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, metabolite, and hormone assays, we characterized the withering treatment-induced changes in chromatin accessibility, gene expression levels, important metabolite contents, and JA and JA-ILE contents. Additionally, we analyzed the effects of chromatin accessibility alterations on gene expression changes, content changes of important flavor substances, and JA hyperaccumulation. Our analysis identified a total of 3451 open- and 13 426 close-differentially accessible chromatin regions (DACRs) under withering treatment. Our findings indicate that close-DACRs-mediated down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) resulted in the reduced accumulation of multiple catechins during withering, whereas open-DACRs-mediated up-regulated DEGs contributed to the increased accumulation of important terpenoids, JA, JA-ILE and short-chain C5/C6 volatiles. We further highlighted important DACRs-mediated DEGs associated with the synthesis of catechins, terpenoids, JA and JA and short-chain C5/C6 volatiles and confirmed the broad effect of close-DACRs on catechin synthesis involving almost all enzymes in the pathway during withering. Importantly, we identified a novel MYB transcription factor (CsMYB83) regulating catechin synthesis and verified the binding of CsMYB83 in the promoter-DACRs regions of key catechin synthesis genes using DAP-seq. Overall, our results not only revealed a landscape of chromatin alters-mediated transcription, flavor substance and hormone changes under oolong tea withering, but also provided target genes for flavor improvement breeding in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 518120, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 518120, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 518120, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 518120, China
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qiufang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yanbing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 518120, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 518120, China
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jinke Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, 518120, China
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27
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Li KL, Liang YM, Chen Z, Zheng PJ, Zhang GQ, Yan B, Elshikh MS, Rizwana H, Chen B, Xu Q. Genome-wide identification of the alkaloid synthesis gene family CYP450, gives new insights into alkaloid resource utilization in medicinal Dendrobium. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129229. [PMID: 38211913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The medicinal Dendrobium species of Orchidaceae possess significant pharmaceutical value, and modern pharmacological research has shown that Dendrobium contains many important active ingredients. Alkaloids, the crucial components of medicinal Dendrobium, demonstrate beneficial healing properties in cardiovascular, cataract, gastrointestinal, and respiratory diseases. Members of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) gene family play essential roles in alkaloid synthesis, participating in alkaloid terpene skeleton construction and subsequent modifications. Although studies of the CYP family have been conducted in some species, genome-wide characterization and systematic analysis of the CYP family in medicinal Dendrobium remain underexplored. In this study, we identified CYP gene family members in the genomes of four medicinal Dendrobium species recorded in the Pharmacopoeia: D. nobile, D. chrysotoxum, D. catenatum, and D. huoshanense. Further, we analyzed the motif composition, gene replication events, and selection pressure of this family. Syntenic analysis revealed that members of the clan 710 were present on chromosome 18 in three medicinal Dendrobium species, except for D. nobile, indicating a loss of clan 710 occurring in D. nobile. We also conducted an initial screening of the CYP genes involved in alkaloid synthesis through transcriptome sequencing. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR showed that the expression of DnoNew43 and DnoNew50, homologs of secologanin synthase involved in the alkaloid synthesis pathway, was significantly higher in the stems than in the leaves. This result coincided with the distribution of dendrobine content in Dendrobium stems and leaves, indicating that these two genes might be involved in the dendrobine synthesis pathway. Our results give insights into the CYP gene family evolution analysis in four medicinal Dendrobium species for the first time and identify two related genes that may be involved in alkaloid synthesis, providing a valuable resource for further investigations into alkaloid synthesis pathway in Dendrobium and other medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Li Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yu-Min Liang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Pei-Ji Zheng
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Binghua Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Humaira Rizwana
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - BingJie Chen
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Qing Xu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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28
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Yactayo-Chang JP, Broadhead GT, Housler RJ, Resende MFR, Verma K, Louis J, Basset GJ, Beck JJ, Block AK. Maize terpene synthase 1 impacts insect behavior via the production of monoterpene volatiles β-myrcene and linalool. Phytochemistry 2024; 218:113957. [PMID: 38154731 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived volatiles are important mediators of plant-insect interactions as they can provide cues for host location and quality, or act as direct or indirect defense molecules. The volatiles produced by Zea mays (maize) include a range of terpenes, likely produced by several of the terpene synthases (TPS) present in maize. Determining the roles of specific terpene volatiles and individual TPSs in maize-insect interactions is challenging due to the promiscuous nature of TPSs in vitro and their potential for functional redundancy. In this study, we used metabolite GWAS of a sweetcorn diversity panel infested with Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) to identify genetic correlations between TPSs and individual volatiles. This analysis revealed a correlation between maize terpene synthase 1 (ZmTPS1) and emission of the monoterpene volatiles linalool and β-myrcene. Electroantennogram assays showed gravid S. frugiperda could detect both linalool and β-myrcene. Quantification of headspace volatiles in a maize tps1 loss-of-function mutant confirmed that ZmTPS1 is an important contributor to linalool and β-myrcene emission in maize. Furthermore, pairwise choice assays between tps1 mutant and wild-type plants showed that ZmTPS1, and by extension its volatile products, aid host location in the chewing insect S. frugiperda, yet repel the sap-sucking pest, Rhopalosiphum maidis (corn leaf aphid). On the other hand, ZmTPS1 had no impact on indirect defense via the recruitment of the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris. ZmTPS1 is therefore an important mediator of the interactions between maize and its insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P Yactayo-Chang
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Geoffrey T Broadhead
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert J Housler
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, USA; Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marcio F R Resende
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kashish Verma
- Department of Entomology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Gilles J Basset
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John J Beck
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anna K Block
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Sellamuthu G, Naseer A, Hradecký J, Chakraborty A, Synek J, Modlinger R, Roy A. Gene expression plasticity facilitates different host feeding in Ips sexdentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 165:104061. [PMID: 38151136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Host shift is ecologically advantageous and a crucial driver for herbivore insect speciation. Insects on the non-native host obtain enemy-free space and confront reduced competition, but they must adapt to survive. Such signatures of adaptations can often be detected at the gene expression level. It is astonishing how bark beetles cope with distinct chemical environments while feeding on various conifers. Hence, we aim to disentangle the six-toothed bark beetle (Ips sexdentatus) response against two different conifer defences upon host shift (Scots pine to Norway spruce). We conducted bioassay and metabolomic analysis followed by RNA-seq experiments to comprehend the beetle's ability to surpass two different terpene-based conifer defence systems. Beetle growth rate and fecundity were increased when reared exclusively on spruce logs (alternative host) compared to pine logs (native host). Comparative gene expression analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to digestion, detoxification, transporter activity, growth, signalling, and stress response in the spruce-feeding beetle gut. Transporter genes were highly abundant during spruce feeding, suggesting they could play a role in pumping a wide variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds or allelochemicals out. Trehalose transporter (TRET) is also up-regulated in the spruce-fed beetle gut to maintain homeostasis and stress tolerance. RT-qPCR and enzymatic assays further corroborated some of our findings. Taken together, the transcriptional plasticity of key physiological genes plays a crucial role after the host shift and provides vital clues for the adaptive potential of bark beetles on different conifer hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Aisha Naseer
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Hradecký
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Microbiome Team, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Synek
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Modlinger
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Amit Roy
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forest Microbiome Team, Faculty of Forestry & Wood Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, 16500, Czech Republic.
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30
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Wei G, Xu Y, Xu M, Shi X, Wang J, Feng L. Identification of Volatile Compounds and Terpene Synthase ( TPS) Genes Reveals ZcTPS02 Involved in β-Ocimene Biosynthesis in Zephyranthes candida. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:185. [PMID: 38397175 PMCID: PMC10887521 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Zephyranthes candida is a frequently cultivated ornamental plant containing several secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, extensive research has been conducted only on non-VOCs found in the plant, whereas the production of VOCs and the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of terpenes remain poorly understood. In this study, 17 volatile compounds were identified from Z. candida flowers using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with 16 of them being terpenoids. Transcriptome sequencing resulted in the identification of 17 terpene synthase (TPS) genes; two TPS genes, ZcTPS01 and ZcTPS02, had high expression levels. Biochemical characterization of two enzymes encoded by both genes revealed that ZcTPS02 can catalyze geranyl diphosphate (GPP) into diverse products, among which is β-ocimene, which is the second most abundant compound found in Z. candida flowers. These results suggest that ZcTPS02 plays a vital role in β-ocimene biosynthesis, providing valuable insights into terpene biosynthesis pathways in Z. candida. Furthermore, the expression of ZcTPS02 was upregulated after 2 h of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment and downregulated after 4 h of the same treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liguo Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (G.W.); (Y.X.); (M.X.); (X.S.); (J.W.)
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31
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Rao A, Driessen AJM. Unraveling the multiplicity of geranylgeranyl reductases in Archaea: potential roles in saturation of terpenoids. Extremophiles 2024; 28:14. [PMID: 38280122 PMCID: PMC10821996 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-023-01330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The enzymology of the key steps in the archaeal phospholipid biosynthetic pathway has been elucidated in recent years. In contrast, the complete biosynthetic pathways for proposed membrane regulators consisting of polyterpenes, such as carotenoids, respiratory quinones, and polyprenols remain unknown. Notably, the multiplicity of geranylgeranyl reductases (GGRs) in archaeal genomes has been correlated with the saturation of polyterpenes. Although GGRs, which are responsible for saturation of the isoprene chains of phospholipids, have been identified and studied in detail, there is little information regarding the structure and function of the paralogs. Here, we discuss the diversity of archaeal membrane-associated polyterpenes which is correlated with the genomic loci, structural and sequence-based analyses of GGR paralogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Rao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J M Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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32
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Schramm K, Skopec M, Dearing D. Metabolomic evidence of independent biotransformation pathways for terpenes in two specialist mammalian herbivores (genus Neotoma). Integr Zool 2024; 19:143-155. [PMID: 37260156 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Herbivory is common in mammals, yet our understanding of detoxification processes used by mammals to biotransform plant secondary compounds (PSCs) is limited. Specialist herbivores are thought to have evolved detoxification mechanisms that rely more heavily on energetically cheap Phase I biotransformation reactions to process high levels of PSCs in their diets. We explored this hypothesis by comparing the urinary metabolite patterns of two specialist herbivores (genus Neotoma). Neotoma stephensi is an obligate specialist on one-seeded juniper (Juniperus monosperma). Neotoma lepida is a generalist forager across its range, yet populations in the Great Basin specialize on Utah juniper (J. osteosperma). While both juniper species have high levels of terpenes, the terpene profiles and quantities differ between the two. Individuals from both woodrat species were fed diets of each juniper in a cross-over design. Urine, collected over a 24-h period, was extracted and analyzed in an untargeted metabolomics approach using both GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS. The obligate specialist N. stephensi excreted a unique pattern of Phase I metabolites when fed its native juniper, while N. lepida excreted a unique pattern of Phase II metabolites when fed its native juniper. Both woodrat species utilized the Phase II metabolic pathway of glucuronidation more heavily when consuming the more chemically diverse J. osteosperma, and N. stephensi utilized less glucuronidation than N. lepida when consuming J. monosperma. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that obligate specialists may have evolved unique and efficient biotransformation mechanisms for dealing with PSCs in their diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schramm
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michele Skopec
- Department of Zoology, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah, USA
| | - Denise Dearing
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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33
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Luckie BA, Kashyap M, Pearson AN, Chen Y, Liu Y, Valencia LE, Carrillo Romero A, Hudson GA, Tao XB, Wu B, Petzold CJ, Keasling JD. Development of Corynebacterium glutamicum as a monoterpene production platform. Metab Eng 2024; 81:110-122. [PMID: 38056688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are commonly known for their role in the flavors and fragrances industry and are also gaining attention for other uses like insect repellant and as potential renewable fuels for aviation. Corynebacterium glutamicum, a Generally Recognized as Safe microbe, has been a choice organism in industry for the annual million ton-scale bioproduction of amino acids for more than 50 years; however, efforts to produce monoterpenes in C. glutamicum have remained relatively limited. In this study, we report a further expansion of the C. glutamicum biosynthetic repertoire through the development and optimization of a mevalonate-based monoterpene platform. In the course of our plasmid design iterations, we increased flux through the mevalonate-based bypass pathway, measuring isoprenol production as a proxy for monoterpene precursor abundance and demonstrating the highest reported titers in C. glutamicum to date at 1504.6 mg/L. Our designs also evaluated the effects of backbone, promoter, and GPP synthase homolog origin on monoterpene product titers. Monoterpene production was further improved by disrupting competing pathways for isoprenoid precursor supply and by implementing a biphasic production system to prevent volatilization. With this platform, we achieved 321.1 mg/L of geranoids, 723.6 mg/L of 1,8-cineole, and 227.8 mg/L of linalool. Furthermore, we determined that C. glutamicum first oxidizes geraniol through an aldehyde intermediate before it is asymmetrically reduced to citronellol. Additionally, we demonstrate that the aldehyde reductase, AdhC, possesses additional substrate promiscuity for acyclic monoterpene aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Luckie
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Meera Kashyap
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Allison N Pearson
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yuzhong Liu
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Luis E Valencia
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Joint Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, San Francisco, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Carrillo Romero
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Graham A Hudson
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xavier B Tao
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bryan Wu
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jay D Keasling
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA; Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Joint Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, San Francisco, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark; Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute for Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes for Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China.
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34
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Crispim M, Verdaguer IB, Hernández A, Kronenberger T, Fenollar À, Yamaguchi LF, Alberione MP, Ramirez M, de Oliveira SS, Katzin AM, Izquierdo L. Beyond the MEP Pathway: A novel kinase required for prenol utilization by malaria parasites. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011557. [PMID: 38277417 PMCID: PMC10849223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A proposed treatment for malaria is a combination of fosmidomycin and clindamycin. Both compounds inhibit the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, the parasitic source of farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (FPP and GGPP, respectively). Both FPP and GGPP are crucial for the biosynthesis of several essential metabolites such as ubiquinone and dolichol, as well as for protein prenylation. Dietary prenols, such as farnesol (FOH) and geranylgeraniol (GGOH), can rescue parasites from MEP inhibitors, suggesting the existence of a missing pathway for prenol salvage via phosphorylation. In this study, we identified a gene in the genome of P. falciparum, encoding a transmembrane prenol kinase (PolK) involved in the salvage of FOH and GGOH. The enzyme was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and its FOH/GGOH kinase activities were experimentally validated. Furthermore, conditional knockout parasites (Δ-PolK) were created to investigate the biological importance of the FOH/GGOH salvage pathway. Δ-PolK parasites were viable but displayed increased susceptibility to fosmidomycin. Their sensitivity to MEP inhibitors could not be rescued by adding prenols. Additionally, Δ-PolK parasites lost their capability to utilize prenols for protein prenylation. Experiments using culture medium supplemented with whole/delipidated human plasma in transgenic parasites revealed that human plasma has components that can diminish the effectiveness of fosmidomycin. Mass spectrometry tests indicated that both bovine supplements used in culture and human plasma contain GGOH. These findings suggest that the FOH/GGOH salvage pathway might offer an alternate source of isoprenoids for malaria parasites when de novo biosynthesis is inhibited. This study also identifies a novel kind of enzyme related to isoprenoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Crispim
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Bofill Verdaguer
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agustín Hernández
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Integrated Unit for Research in Biodiversity (BIOTROP-CCBS), Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Excellence Cluster "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Àngel Fenollar
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - María Pía Alberione
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Ramirez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Miguel Katzin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
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Laws JS, Smid SD. Characterizing cannabis-prevalent terpenes for neuroprotection reveal a role for α and β-pinenes in mitigating amyloid β-evoked neurotoxicity and aggregation in vitro. Neurotoxicology 2024; 100:16-24. [PMID: 38070653 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa) can efficiently synthesize of over 200 terpenes, including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and triterpenes that may contribute to the known biological activities of phytocannabinoids of relevance for the burgeoning access to medicinal cannabis formulations globally; however, to date have been uncharacterized. We assessed twelve predominant terpenes in C. sativa for neuroprotective and anti-aggregative properties in semi-differentiated PC12 neuronal cell line that is robust and validated as a cell model responsive to amyloid β (Aβ1-42) protein exposure and oxidative stress. METHODS Cell viability was assessed biochemically using the MTT assay in the presence of myrcene, β-caryophyllene, terpinolene, limonene, linalool, humulene, α-pinene, nerolidol, β-pinene, terpineol, citronellol and friedelin (1-200 μM) for 24 hr. Sub-toxic threshold test concentrations of each terpene were then applied to cells, alone or with concomitant incubation with the lipid peroxidant tert-butyl hyrdroperoxide (t-BHP; 0-250 μM) or amyloid β (Aβ1-42; 0-1 μM) to assess neuroprotective effects. Direct effects of each terpene on Aβ fibril formation and aggregation were also evaluated using the Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorometric kinetic assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to visualize fibril and aggregate morphology. RESULTS Terpenes were intrinsically benign to PC12 cells up to 50 μM, with higher concentrations of β-caryophyllene, humulene and nerolidol inducing some loss of PC12 cell viability. No significant protective effects of terpenes were observed following t-BHP (0-200 µM) administration, with some enhanced toxicity instead demonstrated from both β-caryophyllene and humulene treatment (each at 50 µM). α-pinene and β-pinene demonstrated a significant neuroprotective effect against amyloid β exposure. α-pinene, β-pinene, terpineol, terpinolene and friedelin were associated with a variable inhibition of Aβ1-42 fibril and aggregate density. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes of this study underline a neuroprotective role of α-pinene and β-pinene against Aβ-mediated neurotoxicity associated with an inhibition of Aβ1-42 fibrilization and density. This demonstrates the bioactive potential of selected terpenes for consideration in the development of medicinal cannabis formulations targeting neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Staton Laws
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Scott D Smid
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Bibik JD, Bryson AE, Hamberger B. Compartmentalized Terpenoid Production in Plants Using Agrobacterium-Mediated Transient Expression. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2760:21-34. [PMID: 38468080 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3658-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
As the field of plant synthetic biology continues to grow, Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression has become an essential method to rapidly test pathway candidate genes in a combinatorial fashion. This is especially important when elucidating and engineering more complex pathways to produce commercially relevant chemicals like many terpenoids, a widely diverse class of natural products of often industrial relevance. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression has facilitated multiplex expression of recombinant and modified enzymes, including synthetic biology approaches to compartmentalize the biosynthesis of terpenoids subcellularly. Here, we describe methods on how to deploy Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana to rapidly develop terpenoid pathways and compartmentalize terpenoid biosynthesis within plastids, the cytosol, or at the surface of lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Bibik
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Current address:, MelaTech, LLC, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Abigail E Bryson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Zou P, Wang L, Liu F, Yan Z, Chen X. Effect of interfering TOR signaling pathway on the biosynthesis of terpenoids in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Plant Signal Behav 2023; 18:2199644. [PMID: 37039834 PMCID: PMC10101657 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2199644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The TOR (Target of Rapamycin) signaling pathway, which takes TOR kinase as the core, regulates the absorption, distribution, and recycling of nutrients by integrating metabolic network and other signaling pathways, thus participating in the plant growth-defense trade-off. While terpenoids play an important role in plant growth, development, stress response, and signal transduction. The effect of the TOR signaling pathway on terpenoid biosynthesis in plants has yet to be studied in detail. In this study, the tissue culture seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza were treated with the TOR inhibitor AZD8055. The results show that the roots of the control group had begun to grow on the 8th day, while the seedlings treated with AZD8055 had no rooting signs. Combined with the expression changes of genes related to the TOR signaling pathway in the first 8 days, samples on the 3rd, 6th, and 8th days were selected for RNA-Seq analysis. Through RNA-Seq analysis, a total of 50,689 unigenes were obtained from the samples of these three periods, of which 4088 unigenes showed differential expression. The function enrichment and time-series analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that the main influence of the TOR signal pathway on plant growth-related processes was gradually transmitted with treatment time after TOR was inhibited. Pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that the genes in the biosynthesis of terpenoids, such as diterpenoid and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways, could be regulated. Compared with other stages, DEGs related to terpenoid biosynthesis were mainly regulated in the S2 stage. In addition, the genes involved in terpenoid skeleton biosynthesis was also considerably enriched in the S2 stage, according to the results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of unigenes. Inhibition of the TOR signaling pathway may affect the biosynthesis of terpenoid signaling molecules, inhibit gibberellin's biosynthesis, and promote abscisic acid's biosynthesis. This study has discussed the effect of interfering with the TOR pathway on terpenoid biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza from the perspective of omics and provides new insight into the interaction between the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway and the growth-defense trade-off of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijin Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuyun Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicinal Resources in Southwest, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- CONTACT Xin Chen School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan611171, China
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Jung Y, Mitsuhashi T, Sato S, Senda M, Senda T, Fujita M. Function and Structure of a Terpene Synthase Encoded in a Giant Virus Genome. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25966-25970. [PMID: 38010834 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Giant viruses are nonstandard viruses with large particles and genomes. While previous studies have shown that their genomes contain various sequences of interest, their genes related specifically to natural product biosynthesis remain unexplored. Here we analyze the function and structure of a terpene synthase encoded by the gene of a giant virus. The enzyme is phylogenetically separated from the terpene synthases of cellular organisms; however, heterologous gene expression revealed that it still functions as a terpene synthase and produces a cyclic terpene from a farnesyl diphosphate precursor. Crystallographic analysis revealed its protein structure, which is relatively compact but retains essential motifs of the terpene synthases. We thus suggest that like cellular organisms, giant viruses produce and utilize natural products for their ecological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngcheol Jung
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Mitsui Link Lab, Kashiwanoha 1, FS CREATION, 6-6-2 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mitsuhashi
- Division of Advanced Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Mitsui Link Lab, Kashiwanoha 1, FS CREATION, 6-6-2 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
- Division of Advanced Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Miki Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Mitsui Link Lab, Kashiwanoha 1, FS CREATION, 6-6-2 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
- Division of Advanced Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Tokyo College, Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Mitsui Link Lab Kashiwanoha 1, FS CREATION, 6-6-2 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
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Lin JL, Chen L, Wu WK, Guo XX, Yu CH, Xu M, Nie GB, Dun JL, Li Y, Xu B, Wang LJ, Chen XY, Gao W, Huang JQ. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a hierarchical transcriptional regulatory network of terpenoid biosynthesis in cotton secretory glandular cells. Mol Plant 2023; 16:1990-2003. [PMID: 37849250 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants can synthesize a wide range of terpenoids in response to various environmental cues. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms governing terpenoid biosynthesis at the cellular level remain largely elusive. In this study, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively characterize the transcriptome profile of cotton leaves and established a hierarchical transcriptional network regulating cell-specific terpenoid production. We observed substantial expression levels of genes associated with the biosynthesis of both volatile terpenes (such as β-caryophyllene and β-myrcene) and non-volatile gossypol-type terpenoids in secretory glandular cells. Moreover, two novel transcription factors, namely GoHSFA4a and GoNAC42, are identified to function downstream of the Gossypium PIGMENT GLAND FORMATION genes. Both transcription factors could directly regulate the expression of terpenoid biosynthetic genes in secretory glandular cells in response to developmental and environmental stimuli. For convenient retrieval of the single-cell RNA sequencing data generated in this study, we developed a user-friendly web server . Our findings not only offer valuable insights into the precise regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis genes in cotton leaves but also provide potential targets for cotton breeding endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Longxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng-Hui Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Transduction, Collaborative Innovation, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Gui-Bin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun-Ling Dun
- Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Baofu Xu
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ling-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Wei Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization (Henan University), Henan 475004, China.
| | - Jin-Quan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Zhou H, Zhang J, Bai L, Liu J, Li H, Hua J, Luo S. Chemical Structure Diversity and Extensive Biological Functions of Specialized Metabolites in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17053. [PMID: 38069376 PMCID: PMC10707428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is thought to have been domesticated many times independently in China and India, and many modern cultivars are available. All rice tissues are rich in specialized metabolites (SPMs). To date, a total of 181 terpenoids, 199 phenolics, 41 alkaloids, and 26 other types of compounds have been detected in rice. Some volatile sesquiterpenoids released by rice are known to attract the natural enemies of rice herbivores, and play an indirect role in defense. Momilactone, phytocassane, and oryzalic acid are the most common diterpenoids found in rice, and are found at all growth stages. Indolamides, including serotonin, tryptamine, and N-benzoylserotonin, are the main rice alkaloids. The SPMs mainly exhibit defense functions with direct roles in resisting herbivory and pathogenic infections. In addition, phenolics are also important in indirect defense, and enhance wax deposition in leaves and promote the lignification of stems. Meanwhile, rice SPMs also have allelopathic effects and are crucial in the regulation of the relationships between different plants or between plants and microorganisms. In this study, we reviewed the various structures and functions of rice SPMs. This paper will provide useful information and methodological resources to inform the improvement of rice resistance and the promotion of the rice industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Hua
- Research Center of Protection and Utilization of Plant Resources, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China (J.L.)
| | - Shihong Luo
- Research Center of Protection and Utilization of Plant Resources, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China (J.L.)
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Yao L, Wu X, Jiang X, Shan M, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yang A, Li Y, Yang C. Subcellular compartmentalization in the biosynthesis and engineering of plant natural products. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108258. [PMID: 37722606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) are specialized metabolites with diverse bioactivities. They are extensively used in the pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical and food industries. PNPs are synthesized in plant cells by enzymes that are distributed in different subcellular compartments with unique microenvironments, such as ions, co-factors and substrates. Plant metabolic engineering is an emerging and promising approach for the sustainable production of PNPs, for which the knowledge of the subcellular compartmentalization of their biosynthesis is instrumental. In this review we describe the state of the art on the role of subcellular compartments in the biosynthesis of major types of PNPs, including terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids and glucosinolates, and highlight the efforts to target biosynthetic pathways to subcellular compartments in plants. In addition, we will discuss the challenges and strategies in the field of plant synthetic biology and subcellular engineering. We expect that newly developed methods and tools, together with the knowledge gained from the microbial chassis, will greatly advance plant metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xiuming Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Xun Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Muhammad Shan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Zhuoxiang Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Changqing Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, China.
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Gutkowska M, Buszewicz D, Zajbt-Łuczniewska M, Radkiewicz M, Nowakowska J, Swiezewska E, Surmacz L. Medium-chain-length polyprenol (C45-C55) formation in chloroplasts of Arabidopsis is brassinosteroid-dependent. J Plant Physiol 2023; 291:154126. [PMID: 37948907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids are important plant hormones influencing, among other processes, chloroplast development, the electron transport chain during light reactions of photosynthesis, and the Calvin-Benson cycle. Medium-chain-length polyprenols built of 9-11 isoprenoid units (C45-C55 carbons) are a class of isoprenoid compounds present in abundance in thylakoid membranes. They are synthetized in chloroplast by CPT7 gene from Calvin cycle derived precursors on MEP (methylerythritol 4-phosphate) isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway. C45-C55 polyprenols affect thylakoid membrane ultra-structure and hence influence photosynthetic apparatus performance in plants such as Arabidopsis and tomato. So far nothing is known about the hormonal or environmental regulation of CPT7 gene expression. The aim of our study was to find out if medium-chain-length polyprenol biosynthesis in plants may be regulated by hormonal cues.We found that the CPT7 gene in Arabidopsis has a BZR1 binding element (brassinosteroid dependent) in its promoter. Brassinosteroid signaling mutants in Arabidopsis accumulate a lower amount of medium-chain-length C45-C55 polyprenols than control plants. At the same time carotenoid and chlorophyll content is increased, and the amount of PsbD1A protein coming from photosystem II does not undergo a significant change. On contrary, treatment of WT plants with epi-brassinolide increases C45-C55 polyprenols content. We also report decreased transcription of MEP enzymes (besides C45-C55 polyprenols, precursors of numerous isoprenoids, e.g. phytol, carotenoids are derived from this pathway) and genes encoding biosynthesis of medium-chain-length polyprenol enzymes in brassinosteroid perception mutant bri1-116. Taken together, we document that brassinosteroids affect biosynthetic pathway of C45-C55 polyprenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Gutkowska
- Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, bldg. 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Daniel Buszewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Zajbt-Łuczniewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Radkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julita Nowakowska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Swiezewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Liliana Surmacz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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Gong D, Li B, Wu B, Fu D, Li Z, Wei H, Guo S, Ding G, Wang B. The Integration of the Metabolome and Transcriptome for Dendrobium nobile Lindl. in Response to Methyl Jasmonate. Molecules 2023; 28:7892. [PMID: 38067620 PMCID: PMC10707931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium nobile Lindl., as an endangered medicinal plant within the genus Dendrobium, is widely distributed in southwestern China and has important ecological and economic value. There are a variety of metabolites with pharmacological activity in D. nobile. The alkaloids and polysaccharides contained within D. nobile are very important active components, which mainly have antiviral, anti-tumor, and immunity improvement effects. However, the changes in the compounds and functional genes of D. nobile induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) are not clearly understood. In this study, the metabolome and transcriptome of D. nobile were analyzed after exposure to MeJA. A total of 377 differential metabolites were obtained through data analysis, of which 15 were related to polysaccharide pathways and 35 were related to terpenoids and alkaloids pathways. Additionally, the transcriptome sequencing results identified 3256 differentially expressed genes that were discovered in 11 groups. Compared with the control group, 1346 unigenes were differentially expressed in the samples treated with MeJA for 14 days (TF14). Moreover, the expression levels of differentially expressed genes were also significant at different growth and development stages. According to GO and KEGG annotations, 189 and 99 candidate genes were identified as being involved in terpenoid biosynthesis and polysaccharide biosynthesis, respectively. In addition, the co-expression analysis indicated that 238 and 313 transcription factors (TFs) may contribute to the regulation of terpenoid and polysaccharide biosynthesis, respectively. Through a heat map analysis, fourteen terpenoid synthetase genes, twenty-three cytochrome P450 oxidase genes, eight methyltransferase genes, and six aminotransferase genes were identified that may be related to dendrobine biosynthesis. Among them, one sesquiterpene synthase gene was found to be highly expressed after the treatment with MeJA and was positively correlated with the content of dendrobine. This study provides important and valuable metabolomics and transcriptomic information for the further understanding of D. nobile at the metabolic and molecular levels and provides candidate genes and possible intermediate compounds for the dendrobine biosynthesis pathway, which lays a certain foundation for further research on and application of Dendrobium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyong Gong
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China;
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.D.)
| | - Biao Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.D.)
| | - Bin Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.D.)
| | - Deru Fu
- Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA;
| | - Zesheng Li
- Dehong Tropical Agriculture Research Institute of Yunnan, Ruili 678600, China;
| | - Haobo Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.D.)
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shunxing Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.D.)
| | - Gang Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (H.W.); (S.G.); (G.D.)
| | - Bochu Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China;
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Duan YT, Koutsaviti A, Harizani M, Ignea C, Roussis V, Zhao Y, Ioannou E, Kampranis SC. Widespread biosynthesis of 16-carbon terpenoids in bacteria. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1532-1539. [PMID: 37828399 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are the most diverse group of specialized metabolites with numerous applications. Their biosynthesis is based on the five-carbon isoprene building block and, as a result, almost all terpenoids isolated to date are based on backbones that contain multiples of five carbon atoms. Intrigued by the discovery of an unusual bacterial terpenoid with a 16-carbon skeleton, here we investigate whether the biosynthesis of 16-carbon terpenoids is more widespread than this single example. We mine bacterial genomic information and identify potential C16 biosynthetic clusters in more than 700 sequenced genomes. We study selected clusters using a yeast synthetic biology platform and reveal that the encoded synthases produce at least 47 different noncanonical terpenoids. By thorough chemical analysis, we explain the structures of 13 C16 metabolites, most of which possess intricate highly strained bi- and tricyclic backbones. Our results unveil the existence of an extensive class of terpenoids in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Tao Duan
- Biochemical Engineering Group, Plant Biochemistry Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Aikaterini Koutsaviti
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Harizani
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Codruta Ignea
- Biochemical Engineering Group, Plant Biochemistry Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vassilios Roussis
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Yong Zhao
- Biochemical Engineering Group, Plant Biochemistry Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Efstathia Ioannou
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sotirios C Kampranis
- Biochemical Engineering Group, Plant Biochemistry Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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45
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Sasidharan R, Brokate L, Eilers EJ, Müller C. Chemodiversity in flowers of Tanacetum vulgare has consequences on a florivorous beetle. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:1071-1082. [PMID: 37703504 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of plant individuals can vary, leading to high intraspecific chemodiversity. Diversity of floral chemistry may impact the responses of flower-feeding insects. Tanacetum vulgare plants vary significantly in their leaf terpenoid composition, forming distinct chemotypes. We investigated the composition of terpenoids and nutrients of flower heads and pollen in plants belonging to three chemotypes - dominated either by β-thujone (BThu), artemisia ketone (Keto) or a mixture of (Z)-myroxide, santolina triene, and artemisyl acetate (Myrox) - using different analytical platforms. We tested the effects of these differences on preferences, weight gain and performance of adults of the shining flower beetle, Olibrus aeneus. The terpenoid composition and diversity of flower heads and pollen significantly differed among individuals belonging to the above chemotypes, while total concentrations of pollen terpenoids, sugars, amino acids, and lipids did not differ. Beetles preferred BThu over the Myrox chemotype in both olfactory and contact choice assays, while the Keto chemotype was marginally repellent according to olfactory assays. The beetles gained the least weight within 48 h and their initial mortality was highest when feeding exclusively on floral tissues of the Myrox chemotype. Short-term weight gain and long-term performance were highest when feeding on the BThu chemotype. In conclusion, the beetles showed chemotype-specific responses towards different T. vulgare chemotypes, which may be attributed to the terpenoid composition in flower heads and pollen rather than to differences in nutrient profiles. Both richness and overall diversity are important factors when determining chemodiversity of individual plants and their consequences on interacting insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sasidharan
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - L Brokate
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - E J Eilers
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- CTL GmbH Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - C Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Zhang C, Dai Z, Ferrier T, Orduña L, Santiago A, Peris A, Wong DCJ, Kappel C, Savoi S, Loyola R, Amato A, Kozak B, Li M, Liang A, Carrasco D, Meyer-Regueiro C, Espinoza C, Hilbert G, Figueroa-Balderas R, Cantu D, Arroyo-Garcia R, Arce-Johnson P, Claudel P, Errandonea D, Rodríguez-Concepción M, Duchêne E, Huang SSC, Castellarin SD, Tornielli GB, Barrieu F, Matus JT. MYB24 orchestrates terpene and flavonol metabolism as light responses to anthocyanin depletion in variegated grape berries. Plant Cell 2023; 35:4238-4265. [PMID: 37648264 PMCID: PMC10689149 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Variegation is a rare type of mosaicism not fully studied in plants, especially fruits. We examined red and white sections of grape (Vitis vinifera cv. 'Béquignol') variegated berries and found that accumulation of products from branches of the phenylpropanoid and isoprenoid pathways showed an opposite tendency. Light-responsive flavonol and monoterpene levels increased in anthocyanin-depleted areas in correlation with increasing MYB24 expression. Cistrome analysis suggested that MYB24 binds to the promoters of 22 terpene synthase (TPS) genes, as well as 32 photosynthesis/light-related genes, including carotenoid pathway members, the flavonol regulator HY5 HOMOLOGUE (HYH), and other radiation response genes. Indeed, TPS35, TPS09, the carotenoid isomerase gene CRTISO2, and HYH were activated in the presence of MYB24 and MYC2. We suggest that MYB24 modulates ultraviolet and high-intensity visible light stress responses that include terpene and flavonol synthesis and potentially affects carotenoids. The MYB24 regulatory network is developmentally triggered after the onset of berry ripening, while the absence of anthocyanin sunscreens accelerates its activation, likely in a dose-dependent manner due to increased radiation exposure. Anthocyanins and flavonols in variegated berry skins act as effective sunscreens but for different wavelength ranges. The expression patterns of stress marker genes in red and white sections of 'Béquignol' berries strongly suggest that MYB24 promotes light stress amelioration but only partly succeeds during late ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Thilia Ferrier
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, University of Bordeaux, INRAE, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Luis Orduña
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Santiago
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arnau Peris
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Darren C J Wong
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Christian Kappel
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Stefania Savoi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10124, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Loyola
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Bartosz Kozak
- Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Akun Liang
- Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV-MALTA Consolider Team, Universitat de València, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Carrasco
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-INIA, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Meyer-Regueiro
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Carmen Espinoza
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Ghislaine Hilbert
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, University of Bordeaux, INRAE, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Rosa Figueroa-Balderas
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rosa Arroyo-Garcia
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-INIA, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricio Arce-Johnson
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma deChile
| | | | - Daniel Errandonea
- Departamento de Física Aplicada-ICMUV-MALTA Consolider Team, Universitat de València, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Concepción
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Eric Duchêne
- SVQV, University of Strasbourg, INRAE, Colmar 68000, France
| | - Shao-shan Carol Huang
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Simone Diego Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | | | - Francois Barrieu
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, University of Bordeaux, INRAE, ISVV, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
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Guo Y, Qi Y, Feng Y, Yang Y, Xue L, El-Kassaby YA, Wang G, Fu F. Inferring the Regulatory Network of miRNAs on Terpene Trilactone Biosynthesis Affected by Environmental Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17002. [PMID: 38069325 PMCID: PMC10707241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As a medicinal tree species, ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) and terpene trilactones (TTLs) extracted from its leaves are the main pharmacologic activity constituents and important economic indicators of its value. The accumulation of TTLs is known to be affected by environmental stress, while the regulatory mechanism of environmental response mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs) at the post-transcriptional levels remains unclear. Here, we focused on grafted ginkgo grown in northwestern, southwestern, and eastern-central China and integrally analyzed RNA-seq and small RNA-seq high-throughput sequencing data as well as metabolomics data from leaf samples of ginkgo clones grown in natural environments. The content of bilobalide was highest among detected TTLs, and there was more than a twofold variation in the accumulation of bilobalide between growth conditions. Meanwhile, transcriptome analysis found significant differences in the expression of 19 TTL-related genes among ginkgo leaves from different environments. Small RNA sequencing and analysis showed that 62 of the 521 miRNAs identified were differentially expressed among different samples, especially the expression of miRN50, miR169h/i, and miR169e was susceptible to environmental changes. Further, we found that transcription factors (ERF, MYB, C3H, HD-ZIP, HSF, and NAC) and miRNAs (miR319e/f, miRN2, miRN54, miR157, miR185, and miRN188) could activate or inhibit the expression of TTL-related genes to participate in the regulation of terpene trilactones biosynthesis in ginkgo leaves by weighted gene co-regulatory network analysis. Our findings provide new insights into the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of TTL biosynthesis but also lay the foundation for ginkgo leaves' medicinal value improvement under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yongli Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yangfan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yuting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.F.)
| | - Liangjiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yousry A. El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Guibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.F.)
| | - Fangfang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Q.); (Y.F.)
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Lu Z, Wang X, Mostafa S, Noor I, Lin X, Ren S, Cui J, Jin B. WRKY Transcription Factors in Jasminum sambac: An Insight into the Regulation of Aroma Synthesis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1679. [PMID: 38136552 PMCID: PMC10742223 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are one of the largest families of transcription regulators that play essential roles in regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants. Jasmine (Jasminum sambac), renowned for its aromatic nature and fragrant blossoms, possesses a significant abundance of volatile terpene compounds. However, the role of the WRKY family in terpene synthesis in jasmine remains undetermined. In this study, 72 WRKY family genes of J. sambac were identified with their conserved WRKY domains and were categorized into three main groups based on their structural and phylogenetic characteristics. The extensive segmental duplications contributed to the expansion of the WRKY gene family. Expression profiles derived from the transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the majority of JsWRKY genes were significantly upregulated in fully bloomed flowers compared to buds. Furthermore, multiple correlation analyses revealed that the expression patterns of JsWRKYs (JsWRKY27/33/45/51/55/57) were correlated with both distinct terpene compounds (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes). Notably, the majority of jasmine terpene synthase (JsTPS) genes related to terpene synthesis and containing W-box elements exhibited a significant correlation with JsWRKYs, particularly with JsWRKY51, displaying a strong positive correlation. A subcellular localization analysis showed that JsWRKY51 was localized in the nucleus. Moreover, transgenic tobacco leaves and jasmine calli experiments demonstrated that overexpression of JsWRKY51 was a key factor in enhancing the accumulation of β-ocimene, which is an important aromatic terpene component. Collectively, our findings suggest the roles of JsWRKY51 and other JsWRKYs in regulating the synthesis of aromatic compounds in J. sambac, providing a foundation for the potential utilization of JsWRKYs to facilitate the breeding of fragrant plant varieties with an improved aroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogeng Lu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinwen Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Salma Mostafa
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.L.); (X.W.)
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Iqra Noor
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinyi Lin
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Shixiong Ren
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Jiawen Cui
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Biao Jin
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.L.); (X.W.)
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49
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Chen TH, Lin HC. Terpene Synthases in the Biosynthesis of Drimane-Type Sesquiterpenes across Diverse Organisms. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300518. [PMID: 37605310 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Drimane-type sesquiterpenes (DTSs) are significant terpenoid natural products characterized by their unique C15 bicyclic skeleton. They are produced by various organisms including plants, fungi, bacteria and marine organisms, and exhibit a diverse array of bioactivities. These bioactivities encompass antifeedant, anti-insecticidal, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral and anti-proliferative properties. Some DTSs contribute to the pungent flavor found in herb plants like water pepper, while others serve as active components responsible for the anti-cancer activities observed in medicinal mushrooms such as (-)-antrocin from Antrodia cinnamomea. Recently, DTS synthases have been identified in various organisms, biosynthesizing drimenol, drim-8-ene-11-ol and (+)-albicanol, which all possess the characteristic drimane skeleton. Interestingly, despite these enzymes producing chemical molecules with a drimane scaffold, they exhibit minimal amino acid sequence identity across different organisms. This Concept article focuses on the discovery of DTS synthases and the tailoring enzymes generating the chemical diversity of drimane natural products. We summarize and discuss their key features, including the chemical mechanisms, catalytic motifs and functional domains employed by these terpene synthases to generate DTS scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ho Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
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50
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Huang X, Zhang W, Liao Y, Ye J, Xu F. Contemporary understanding of transcription factor regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis in plants. Planta 2023; 259:2. [PMID: 37971670 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This review summarized how TFs function independently or in response to environmental factors to regulate terpenoid biosynthesis via fine-tuning the expression of rate-limiting enzymes. Terpenoids are derived from various species and sources. They are essential for interacting with the environment and defense mechanisms, such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties. Almost all terpenoids have high medicinal value and economic performance. Recently, the control of enzyme genes on terpenoid biosynthesis has received a great deal of attention, but transcriptional factors regulatory network on terpenoid biosynthesis and accumulation has yet to get a thorough review. Transcription factors function as activators or suppressors independently or in response to environmental stimuli, fine-tuning terpenoid accumulation through regulating rate-limiting enzyme expression. This study investigates the advancements in transcription factors related to terpenoid biosynthesis and systematically summarizes previous works on the specific mechanisms of transcription factors that regulate terpenoid biosynthesis via hormone signal-transcription regulatory networks in plants. This will help us to better comprehend the regulatory network of terpenoid biosynthesis and build the groundwork for terpenoid development and effective utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Huang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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