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Rahaman MH, Thygesen SJ, Maxwell MJ, Kim H, Mudai P, Nanson JD, Jia X, Vajjhala PR, Hedger A, Vetter I, Haselhorst T, Robertson AAB, Dymock B, Ve T, Mobli M, Stacey KJ, Kobe B. o-Vanillin binds covalently to MAL/TIRAP Lys-210 but independently inhibits TLR2. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2313055. [PMID: 38416868 PMCID: PMC10903754 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2313055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) innate immunity signalling protects against pathogens, but excessive or prolonged signalling contributes to a range of inflammatory conditions. Structural information on the TLR cytoplasmic TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domains and the downstream adaptor proteins can help us develop inhibitors targeting this pathway. The small molecule o-vanillin has previously been reported as an inhibitor of TLR2 signalling. To study its mechanism of action, we tested its binding to the TIR domain of the TLR adaptor MAL/TIRAP (MALTIR). We show that o-vanillin binds to MALTIR and inhibits its higher-order assembly in vitro. Using NMR approaches, we show that o-vanillin forms a covalent bond with lysine 210 of MAL. We confirm in mouse and human cells that o-vanillin inhibits TLR2 but not TLR4 signalling, independently of MAL, suggesting it may covalently modify TLR2 signalling complexes directly. Reactive aldehyde-containing small molecules such as o-vanillin may target multiple proteins in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Habibur Rahaman
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sara J. Thygesen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael J. Maxwell
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hyoyoung Kim
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Prerna Mudai
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D. Nanson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xinying Jia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Parimala R. Vajjhala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Hedger
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Avril A. B. Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brian Dymock
- Queensland Emory Drug Discovery Initiative, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas Ve
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mobli
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katryn J. Stacey
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Liu J, Gao L, Zhou N, Jiang Z, Che S, Deng Y, Zang N, Ren L, Xie X, Xie J, Liu E. p53 suppresses the inflammatory response following respiratory syncytial virus infection by inhibiting TLR2. Virology 2024; 593:110018. [PMID: 38368639 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
-Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a pivotal virus leading to acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years old. This study aimed to explore the correlation between p53 and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) post RSV infection. p53 levels exhibited a substantial decrease in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from infants with RSV infection compared to control group. Manipulating p53 expression had no significant impact on RSV replication or interferon signaling pathway. Suppression of p53 expression led to heightened inflammation following RSV infection in A549 cells or airways of BALB/c mice. while stabilizing p53 expression using Nutlin-3a mitigated the inflammatory response in A549 cells. Additionally, Inhibiting p53 expression significantly increased Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression in RSV-infected epithelial cells and BALB/c mice. Furthermore, the TLR2 inhibitor, C29, effectively reduced inflammation mediated by p53 in A549 cells. Collectively, our results indicate that p53 modulates the inflammatory response after RSV infection through TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Leiqiong Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Na Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhenghong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Siyi Che
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Na Zang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Luo Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Enmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Zhang B, Liang J, Fan H, Lei K, Li H, Liu D, Zheng F, He M, Chen Y. Study on anti-inflammatory effect of Shangkehuangshui in vitro and in vivo based on TLR4/TLR2-NF-κB signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 323:117709. [PMID: 38181931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shangkehuangshui (SK) has been traditionally used to treat traumatic injury, soft tissue and bone injury in Foshan hospital of traditional Chinese medicine for more than 60 years, which composed of many Chinese herbs such as Coptis chinensis Franch., Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Phellodendron chinense Schneid. and etc. SK exhibits heat-clearing and detoxifying, enhancing blood circulation to eliminate blood stasis properties, and demonstrates noteworthy clinical efficacy. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains uncertain. AIM OF THE STUDY The early study found that SK had good anti-inflammatory effects in acute soft tissue injury model. This research is to verify the anti-inflammatory properties of SK both in vitro and in vivo via TLR4/TLR2-NF-κB signaling pathway, to clarify the underlying mechanisms responsible for the curative effect of SK. METHODS The RAW264.7 cells inflammatory model was established with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. NO and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β were determined with Griess method and ELISA method respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4/TLR2-NF-κB pathway were evaluated by qPCR and Western blot method. In vivo experiment, chronic soft tissue injury rat models were established by tracking gastrocnemius muscle with electrical stimulation, then local appearance and pathological changes were observed and recorded, the contents of inflammatory factors in serum and tissue were performed. Moreover, we also measured and contrasted the expression of TLR4/TLR2-NF-κB related factors. RESULTS SK effectively inhibited the LPS-induced generation of inflammatory cytokines, including NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in RAW264.7 cells, and significantly suppressed the expression of TLR4, TLR2, MyD88, IκB, and NF-κB. In vivo, SK remarkably decreased the damage appearance scores after 4 and 14 days of administration and inhibit the quantity of NO and leukocytes present in the serum. Additionally, the inflammatory infiltration in the pathological section was alleviated, myofibrillar hyperplasia and blood stasis were reduced. SK markedly downregulated NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in injured tissues of rats, also declined the expression of TLR4, TLR2, MyD88, IκB, NF-κB, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. CONCLUSION This study revealed that SK had obvious effects of anti-inflammatory actions in vivo and vitro, effectively reduced acute and chronic soft tissue injury in clinical, this might be attributed to inhibit the TLR4/TLR2-NF-κB pathway, further inhibit the expression of downstream relevant pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bairong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Huana Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaijun Lei
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaiguo Li
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongwen Liu
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Fanghao Zheng
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Mingfeng He
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanfen Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Domon H, Hirayama S, Isono T, Saito R, Yanagihara K, Terao Y. Lipoprotein signal peptidase-deficient Streptococcus pneumoniae exhibits impaired Toll-like receptor 2-stimulatory activity. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:155-159. [PMID: 38311883 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia. Upon pneumococcal infection, innate immune cells recognize pneumococcal lipoproteins via Toll-like receptor 2 and induce inflammation. Here, we generated a strain of S. pneumoniae deficient in lipoprotein signal peptidase (LspA), a transmembrane type II signal peptidase required for lipoprotein maturation, to investigate the host immune response against this strain. Triton X-114 phase separation revealed that lipoprotein expression was lower in the LspA-deficient strain than in the wild-type strain. Additionally, the LspA-deficient strain decreased nuclear factor-κB activation and cytokine production in THP-1 cells, indicating impaired innate immune response against the strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoru Hirayama
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshihito Isono
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Rui Saito
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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5
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Wu W, Zhao Y, Hu T, Long Y, Zeng Y, Li M, Peng S, Hu J, Shen Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease and contributed TLR2 pathway-mediated inflammatory response. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:192-198. [PMID: 38147028 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2298897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling play an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the link between TLR2 and ERS in IBD is unclear. This study investigated whether Thapsigargin (TG) -induced ER protein expression levels contributed to TLR2-mediated inflammatory response. METHODS The THP-1 cells were treated with TLR2 agonist (Pam3CSK4), ERS inducer Thapsigargin (TG) or inhibitor (TUDCA). The mRNA expressions of TLR1-TLR10 were detected by qPCR. The production and secretion of inflammatory factors were detected by PCR and ELISA. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of GRP78 and TLR2 in the intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The IBD mouse model was established by TNBS in the modeling group. ERS inhibitor (TUDCA) was used in the treatment group. RESULTS The expression of TLRs was detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in THP-1 cells treated by ERS agonist Thapsigargin (TG). According to the findings, TG could promote TLR2 and TLR5 expression. Subsequently, in TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 induced THP-1 cells, TG could lead to increased expression of the inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8, and ERS inhibitor (TUDCA) could block this effect. However, Pam3CSK4 did not significantly impact the GRP78 and CHOP expression. Based upon the immunohistochemical results, TLR2 and GRP78 expression were significantly increased in the intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease (CD). For in vivo experiments, TUDCA displayed the ability to inhibit intestinal mucosal inflammation and reduce GRP78 and TLR2 proteins. CONCLUSIONS ERS and TLR2 is upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease, ERS may promote TLR2 pathway-mediated inflammatory response. Moreover, ERS and TLR2 signaling could be novel therapeutic targets for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tian Hu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya Zeng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengling Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyuan Peng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinyue Hu
- Central Laboratory, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yueming Shen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Changsha Central Hospital Affiliated to University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang B, Shao Y, Wang X, Li C. Identification and functional analysis of Toll-like receptor 2 from razor clam Sinonovacula constricta. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131029. [PMID: 38518946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a member of TLR family that plays important roles in the innate immune system, such as pathogen recognition and inflammation regulation. In this study, the TLR2 homologue was cloned from razor clam Sinonovacula constricta (denoted as ScTLR2) and its immune function was explored. The full-length cDNA of ScTLR2 comprised 2890 nucleotides with a 5'-UTR of 218 bp, an open reading frame of 2169 bp encoding 722 amino acids and a 3'-UTR of 503 bp. The deduced amino acid of ScTLR2 showed similar structure to TLR2 homologue with a conserved signal peptide, four LRR domains, one LRR-TYP domain, one LRR-CT domain, one transmembrane domain and a conserved TIR domain. ScTLR2 mRNA was detected in all examined tissues with the highest expression in the gill. After Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, the mRNA expression of ScTLR2 was significantly induced both in gill and haemocytes. The recombinant ScTLR2-LRR protein could bind all tested PAMPs including LPS, PGN and MAN. Bacterial agglutination assay showed that rScTLR2 could agglutinate the six tested bacteria with a calcium dependent manner. More importantly, ScTLR2 silencing by siRNA transfection could significantly depress the mRNA expression of Myd88, NF-κB, Tollip, IRF1, and IRF8. The survival rate of S. constricta was markedly decreased after V. parahaemolyticus challenge under this condition. Our current study demonstrated that ScTLR2 served as a pattern recognition receptor to induce immune response against invasive pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yina Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xuelei Wang
- Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Sun Y, Deng Q, Zhang Q, Zhou X, Chen R, Li S, Wu Q, Chen H. Hazards of microplastics exposure to liver function in fishes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mar Environ Res 2024; 196:106423. [PMID: 38442589 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (5 mm - 1 μm) have become one of the major pollutants in the environment. Numerous studies have shown that microplastics can have negative impacts on aquatic organisms, affecting their liver function levels. However, the extent of these effects and their potential toxicological mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, a meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted to assess the effects of microplastics on fish liver function and summarize the potential toxicological mechanisms of microplastic-induced liver toxicity. The meta-analysis results indicate that compared to the control group, exposure to microplastics significantly affects fish liver indicators: aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p < 0.001), total protein (TP) (p < 0.001), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p < 0.001), including oxidative stress indicators: superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.001), glutathione S-transferase (GST) (p < 0.001), glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.001), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.001) in fish liver. For fish living in different environments, the potential toxicological mechanisms of microplastics exposure on fish liver may exhibit some differences. For freshwater fish, the mechanism may be that microplastics exposure causes overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fish hepatocyte mitochondria. ROS promotes the expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and activates downstream molecules myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) of the TLR2 signaling pathway, leading to phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. This leads to the release of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress and inflammation in fish liver. In addition, for seawater fish, the mechanism may be that microplastics exposure can cause damage or death of fish hepatocytes, leading to continuous pathological changes, inflammation, lipid and energy metabolism disorders, thereby causing significant changes in liver function indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Qingfang Deng
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Qiurong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Ruhai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Innovation Laboratory, The Third Experiment Middle School, China
| | - Huaguo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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Josić Dominović P, Dobrivojević Radmilović M, Srakočić S, Mišerić I, Škokić S, Gajović S. Validation and application of caged Z-DEVD-aminoluciferin bioluminescence for assessment of apoptosis of wild type and TLR2-deficient mice after ischemic stroke. J Photochem Photobiol B 2024; 253:112871. [PMID: 38402658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death or apoptosis is a critically important mechanism of tissue remodeling and regulates conditions such as cancer, neurodegeneration or stroke. The aim of this research article was to assess the caged Z-DEVD-aminoluciferin substrate for in vivo monitoring of apoptosis after ischemic stroke in TLR2-deficient mice and their TLR2-expressing counterparts. Postischemic inflammation is a significant contributor to ischemic injury development and apoptosis, and it is modified by the TLR2 receptor. Caged Z-DEVD-aminoluciferin is made available for bioluminescence enzymatic reaction by cleavage with activated caspase-3, and therefore it is assumed to be capable of reporting and measuring apoptosis. Apoptosis was investigated for 28 days after stroke in mice which ubiquitously expressed the firefly luciferase transgene. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed to achieve ischemic injury, which was followed with magnetic resonance imaging. The scope of apoptosis was determined by bioluminescence with caged Z-DEVD-aminoluciferin, immunofluorescence with activated caspase-3, flow cytometry with annexin-V and TUNEL assay. The linearity of Z-DEVD-aminoluciferin substrate dose effect was shown in the murine brain. Z-DEVD-aminoluciferin was validated as a good tool for monitoring apoptosis following adequate adjustment. By utilizing bioluminescence of Z-DEVD-aminoluciferin after ischemic stroke it was shown that TLR2-deficient mice had lower post-stroke apoptosis than TLR2-expressing wild type mice. In conclusion, Z-DEVD-aminoluciferin could be a valuable tool for apoptosis measurement in living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Josić Dominović
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, BIMIS - Biomedical Research Center Šalata, and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Dobrivojević Radmilović
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, BIMIS - Biomedical Research Center Šalata, and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Srakočić
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, BIMIS - Biomedical Research Center Šalata, and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - I Mišerić
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, BIMIS - Biomedical Research Center Šalata, and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Škokić
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, BIMIS - Biomedical Research Center Šalata, and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Gajović
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, BIMIS - Biomedical Research Center Šalata, and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Wang S, Xuan L, Hu X, Sun F, Li S, Li X, Yang H, Guo J, Duan X, Luo H, Xin J, Chen J, Hao J, Cui S, Liu D, Jiao L, Zhang Y, Du Z, Sun L. LncRNA CCRR Attenuates Postmyocardial Infarction Inflammatory Response by Inhibiting the TLR Signalling Pathway. Can J Cardiol 2024; 40:710-725. [PMID: 38081511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely and proper suppression of inflammation can effectively reduce myocardial injury and promote the postmyocardial infarction (post-MI) wound-healing process. We have previously found that cardiac conduction regulatory RNA (CCRR), a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcribed by the gene located on chromosome 9, with abundant expression in the heart, elicits antiarrhythmic effects in heart failure, and this is a continuing study on the role of CCRR in MI. METHODS CCRR was overexpressed in CCRR transgenic mice or after injection of adeno-associated virus-9 (AAV-9). MI surgery was performed, and cardiac function was assessed in vivo by echocardiography, followed by histologic analyses. Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR were performed to investigate the effects of CCRR on macrophages, cardiomyocytes, and cardiomyocytes cocultured with macrophages. Through microarray analysis and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and other related techniques were also employed to study the effects of CCRR on Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4. RESULTS We found that CCRR level was significantly decreased with increases in proinflammatory cytokines and activation of the TLR signalling pathway in the heart of the 3-day MI mice. CCRR overexpression downregulated TLR2 and TLR4 in MI and effectively inhibited the inflammatory responses in primary cardiomyocytes and macrophages cultured under hypoxic conditions. Downregulation of CCRR induced excessive inflammatory responses by activating the TLR signalling pathway. CCRR acted by suppressing TLR2 and TLR4 to inhibit the secretion of proinflammatory factors to reduce infarct size, thereby improving cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS CCRR protected cardiomyocytes against MI injury by suppressing inflammatory response through targeting the TLR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lina Xuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Feihan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Siyun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiufang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaomeng Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huishan Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jieru Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shijia Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University (National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Ghasemi Nezhad F, Karmostaji A, Sarkoohi P, Shahbazi B, Gharibi Z, Negahdari B, Ahmadi K. Introduction of protein vaccine candidate based on AP65, AP33, and α-actinin proteins against Trichomonas vaginalis parasite: an immunoinformatics design. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:165. [PMID: 38556882 PMCID: PMC10981826 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease (STI) worldwide. Vaccination is generally considered to be one of the most effective methods of preventing infectious diseases. Using AP65, AP33 and α-actinin proteins, this research aims to develop a protein vaccine against Trichomonas vaginalis. METHODS Based on the B-cell and T-cell epitope prediction servers, the most antigenic epitopes were selected, and with the necessary evaluations, epitope-rich domains of three proteins, AP65, AP33, and α-actinin, were selected and linked. Subsequently, the ability of the vaccine to interact with toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4) was assessed. The stability of the interactions was also studied by molecular dynamics for a duration of 100 nanoseconds. RESULTS The designed protein consists of 780 amino acids with a molecular weight of 85247.31 daltons. The results of the interaction of the vaccine candidate with TLR2 and TLR4 of the immune system also showed that there are strong interactions between the vaccine candidate protein with TLR2 (-890.7 kcal mol-1) and TLR4 (-967.3 kcal mol-1). All parameters studied to evaluate the stability of the protein structure and the protein-TLR2 and protein-TLR4 complexes showed that the structure of the vaccine candidate protein is stable alone and in complex with the immune system receptors. Investigation of the ability of the designed protein to induce an immune response using the C-ImmSim web server also showed that the designed protein is capable of stimulating B- and T-cell lymphocytes to produce the necessary cytokines and antibodies against Trichomonas vaginalis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our vaccine may have potential protection against Trichomonas vaginalis. However, for experimental in vivo and in vitro studies, it may be a good vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forozan Ghasemi Nezhad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Karmostaji
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Parisa Sarkoohi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Behzad Shahbazi
- School of Pharmacy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zahra Gharibi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Batul Negahdari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Ahmadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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11
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Li L, Le C, Liu W, Zhang H, Chen X, Yang J, Fang M, Zhang X. Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency promotes the generation of alloreactive γδT17 cells after cardiac transplantation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111768. [PMID: 38432149 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Homograft rejection is the main cause of heart transplantation failure. The role of TLR2, a major member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family, in transplantation rejection is has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we used a mouse model of acute cardiac transplantation rejection to investigate whether the TLR2 signalling pathway can regulate cardiac transplantation rejection by regulating alloreactive IL-17+γδT (γδT17) cells. We found that the expression of TLR2 on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages increased during acute transplantation rejection. In addition, our investigation revealed that γδT17 cells exert a significant influence on acute cardiac transplantation rejection. TLR2 gene knockout resulted in an increase in alloreactive γδT17 cells in the spleen and heart grafts of recipient mice compared with wild-type recipient mice and an increase in the mRNA expression of IL-17, IL-1β, CCR6, and CCL20 in the heart grafts. In an in vitro experiment, a mixed lymphocyte reaction was conducted to assess the impact of TLR2 deficiency on the generation of γδT17 cells, which further substantiated a significant increase compared to that in wild-type controls. Furthermore, the mixed lymphocyte reaction showed that TLR2 regulated the production of γδT17 cells by regulating the ability of DCs to secrete IL-1β. These results suggest that TLR2 signalling is important for regulating the generation of γδT17 cells after cardiac allograft transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chenyu Le
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Chinese PLA 305 Hospital, Beijing 100018, China
| | - Hongchen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, China; The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, China; The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, China; Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Disease, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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12
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Cui Y, He Z, Chen T, Ren X, Xu J, Zhang S, Peng T, Liu S, Wang L. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico studies of novel quinoline derivatives as potential radioprotective molecules targeting the TLR2 and p53 pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116239. [PMID: 38377827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation in space, radiation devices or nuclear disasters are major threats to human health and public security. In this paper, in order to find the potential novel compounds decreasing the radiation-induced damage by targeting p53 apoptosis pathway and TLR2 passway, a series of novel quinoline derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated their biological activities. Most of the synthesized compounds showed significant radioprotective effects in vitro, and the compound 5 has the best performance. Therefore, we verified its radioprotective activity in vivo and investigated the mechanism of its excellent activity. The results in vivo indicated that compound 5 not only markedly enhanced the survival rate (80 %) of mice 30 days after lethal exposure to irradiation, but also significantly reduced the radiation-induced damage to haematopoietic system and intestinal tissue of mice. The mechanistic studies indicated that compound 5 acted on the p53 pathway to reduce radiation-induced cell apoptosis and at the same time stimulated TLR2 to up-regulate the expressions of radiation protection factors. Molecular dynamics study shows that compound 5 would effectively bind to the TLR2 protein and further revealed the binding mechanism. Taken together, all the findings of our study demonstrate the quinoline derivative 5 is a potent radioprotective compound, which holds a great therapeutic potential for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhaolun He
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Xinjian Ren
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China
| | - Shouguo Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
| | - Tao Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, PR China.
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Zou JK, Cao YM, Tian Y, Li X, Wu RX, Tian BM, Sun HH, Chen FM, He XT. [ Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles activate Toll-like receptor 2 to promote osteoclast differentiation by carrying lipopolysaccharide]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 59:237-246. [PMID: 38432655 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20231026-00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis derived outer membrane vesicles (Pg OMV) on osteoclast differentiation of macrophages and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: The morphology and the size distribution of Pg OMV were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracing analysis, respectively. The osteoclast precursors were treated with 1, 3 and 10 mg/L Pg OMV (1, 3 and 10 mg/L OMV treatment group) or phosphate buffer solution (PBS)(control group). The formation of osteoclasts was analyzed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphase (TRAP) staining and F-actin staining and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to detect the expression of Fos and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9). Polymyxin B (PMB) was used to block lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and then Pg OMV was used to treat osteoclast precursor (PMB-OMV treatment group), and OMV treatment group was used as control. TRAP and F-actin staining were used to observe the formation of osteoclasts and actin rings. The effect of Pg OMV on the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in preosteoclasts was detected by Western blotting. The osteoclast precursors were pretreated with 10, 50, 100 and 200 μmol/L C29, an inhibitor of TLR2, and then treated with Pg OMV(OMV+10, 50, 100 and 200 μmol/L C29 treatment group) and OMV treatment group without C29 pretreatment was control. TRAP and F-actin staining were used to observe the formation of osteoclasts and actin rings. The osteoclast precursor cells were treated with OMV (OMV treatment group) and OMV incubated with PMB (PMB-OMV treatment group) and the expression of TLR2 in osteoclast precursor was detected by Western blotting. Results: Pg OMV showed classical vesicular structures, and the average particle size of Pg OMV were 179.2 nm. A large number of actin rings were observed in the 3 and 10 mg/L OMV treatment groups. The percentages of TRAP-positive osteoclast area in 3 mg/L OMV treatment group [(22.6±2.1)%] and 10 mg/L OMV treatment group [(32.0±2.3)%] were significantly increased compared with control group [(4.9±0.5)%] (P<0.001). Compared with the control group (1.000±0.029), the mRNA relative expression of Fos in 3 mg/L OMV treatment group (1.491±0.114) and 10 mg/L OMV treatment group (1.726±0.254) was significantly increased (P=0.013, P=0.001). Compared with the control group (1.007±0.148), the mRNA relative expression of MMP9 in the group of 10 mg/L OMV (2.232±0.097) was significantly increased (P<0.001). Actin ring formation was less in PMB-OMV treatment groups than in OMV treatment groups. The proportion of TRAP-positive osteoclasts area [(14.8±3.8)%] in PMB-OMV treatment group was significantly lower than OMV treatment group [(31.5±6.7) %] (P=0.004). The relative expression of TLR2 in OMV treatment group (1.359±0.134) was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.000±0.000) (t=4.62, P=0.044). Compared with the OMV treatment group [(29.4±1.7)%], 50, 100 and 200 μmol/L C29 significantly decreased the formation of osteoclasts [(24.0±1.7)%, (18.5±2.1)%, (9.1±1.3) %] (P=0.026, P<0.001, P<0.001). TLR2 protein expression in PMB-OMV group (0.780±0.046) was significantly lower than that in OMV group (1.000±0.000)(t=8.32, P=0.001). Conclusions: Pg OMV can promote osteoclast differentiation by carrying LPS, TLR2 plays an important role in Pg OMV mediated osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Zou
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Y M Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Y Tian
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - R X Wu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - B M Tian
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - H H Sun
- Department of General Dentistry & Emergency, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - F M Chen
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - X T He
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an 710032, China
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14
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Schuster A, Nieboga E, Kantorowicz M, Lipska W, Kaczmarzyk T, Potempa J, Grabiec AM. Gingival fibroblast activation by Porphyromonas gingivalis is driven by TLR2 and is independent of the LPS-TLR4 axis. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350776. [PMID: 38191758 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Gingival fibroblasts (GFs) are abundant structural cells of the periodontium that contribute to the host's innate immunity by producing cytokines and chemokines in response to oral pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Isolated lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) is commonly used to study GF responses to P. gingivalis; however, this approach produced conflicting observations regarding its proinflammatory potential and the engagement of specific Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this work, we demonstrate that commercially available Pg-LPS preparations are weak activators of GF innate immune responses compared with live P. gingivalis or other relevant virulence factors, such as P. gingivalis fimbriae or LPS from Escherichia coli. GF's nonresponsiveness to Pg-LPS can be only partly attributed to the low expression of TLR4 and its accessory molecules, CD14 and LY36, and is likely caused by the unique structure and composition of the Pg-LPS lipid A. Finally, we combined gene silencing and neutralizing antibody studies to demonstrate that GF response to infection with live P. gingivalis relies predominantly on TLR2. In contrast, the LPS-TLR4 signaling plays a negligible role in inflammatory cytokine production by GFs exposed to this oral pathogen, confirming that Pg-LPS stimulation is not an optimal model for studies of GF responses to P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aureliusz Schuster
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elwira Nieboga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kantorowicz
- Department of Periodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Weronika Lipska
- Department of Periodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kaczmarzyk
- Chair of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aleksander M Grabiec
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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15
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Almeida LKY, Battaglino RA, Araujo LDC, Lucisano MP, Massoni VV, da Silva LAB, Nelson-Filho P, Morse LR, da Silva RAB. TLR2 agonist prevents the progression of periapical lesions in mice by reducing osteoclast activity and regulating the frequency of Tregs. Int Endod J 2024; 57:328-343. [PMID: 38236318 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the role of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) in the presence or absence of the synthetic ligand Pam3Cys during the progression of periapical lesion in wild-type (WT) and toll-like receptor 2 knockout (TLR2KO) mice. METHODOLOGY A total of 130 C57BL/6 male WT and TLR2KO mice were allocated into control (n = 5) and experimental (periapical lesion induction) (n = 10) groups. In specific groups (WT+Pam3cys and TLR2KO+Pam3cys), the synthetic ligand Pam3cys was administered intraperitoneally every 7 days, according to the experimental period (14, 21 and 42 days). At the end of those periods, the animals were euthanized, and the mandible and the spleen were submitted to histotechnical processing. Mandible histological sections were analysed by haematoxylin and eosin, TRAP histoenzymology and immunohistochemistry (FOXP3, RANK, RANKL and OPG). Spleen sections were analysed by immunohistochemistry (FOXP3). RESULTS The inflammatory infiltrate and bone resorption were more intense in the TLR2KO group compared to the WT group. The animals that received the Pam3cys had smaller periapical lesions when compared to the animals that did not receive the ligand (p < .05). TLR2KO animals showed a significant increase in the number of osteoclasts when compared to TLR2KO+Pam3cys group (p < .05). At 21 days, the WT+Pam3cys group had a lower number of osteoclasts when compared to the WT animals (p = .02). FOXP3 expression was more intense in the WT+Pam3cys groups when compared to the WT animals in the 42 days (p = .03). In the spleen analysis, the WT+Pam3cys group also had a higher expression of FOXP3 when compared to the WT animals at 14 and 42 days (p = .02). Concerning RANKL, there was a reduction in staining in the KOTLR2+Pam3cys groups at 21 and 42 days (p = .03) and a higher binding ratio between RANK/RANKL in animals that did not receive the ligand. CONCLUSION Administration of the Pam3cys increased the proliferation of Tregs, showed by FOXP3 expression and prevented the progression of the periapical lesion in WT mice. On the other hand, in the TLR2KO animals, Treg expression was lower with larger areas of periapical lesions. Finally, systemic administration of the Pam3cys in KO animals was able to limit the deleterious effects of the absence of the TLR2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Kei Yamamoto Almeida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Anibal Battaglino
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa Danielly Curcino Araujo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília Pacífico Lucisano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vicentin Massoni
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leslie Rae Morse
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Li M, Kim YM, Koh JH, Park J, Kwon HM, Park JH, Jin J, Park Y, Kim D, Kim WU. Serum amyloid A expression in liver promotes synovial macrophage activation and chronic arthritis via NFAT5. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e167835. [PMID: 38426494 PMCID: PMC10904059 DOI: 10.1172/jci167835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5), an osmo-sensitive transcription factor, can be activated by isotonic stimuli, such as infection. It remains unclear, however, whether NFAT5 is required for damage-associated molecular pattern-triggered (DAMP-triggered) inflammation and immunity. Here, we found that several DAMPs increased NFAT5 expression in macrophages. In particular, serum amyloid A (SAA), primarily generated by the liver, substantially upregulated NFAT5 expression and activity through TLR2/4-JNK signalling pathway. Moreover, the SAA-TLR2/4-NFAT5 axis promoted migration and chemotaxis of macrophages in an IL-6- and chemokine ligand 2-dependent (CCL2-dependent) manner in vitro. Intraarticular injection of SAA markedly accelerated macrophage infiltration and arthritis progression in mice. By contrast, genetic ablation of NFAT5 or TLR2/4 rescued the pathology induced by SAA, confirming the SAA-TLR2/4-NFAT5 axis in vivo. Myeloid-specific depletion of NFAT5 also attenuated SAA-accelerated arthritis. Of note, inflammatory arthritis in mice strikingly induced SAA overexpression in the liver. Conversely, forced overexpression of the SAA gene in the liver accelerated joint damage, indicating that the liver contributes to bolstering chronic inflammation at remote sites by secreting SAA. Collectively, this study underscores the importance of the SAA-TLR2/4-NFAT5 axis in innate immunity, suggesting that acute phase reactant SAA mediates mutual interactions between liver and joints and ultimately aggravates chronic arthritis by enhancing macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Li
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Kim
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, and
| | - Jung Hee Koh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeoungbu St.Mary’s hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Uijeoungbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H. Moo Kwon
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingchun Jin
- Department of Immunology of Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Department (Jilin Province), Cancer Research Center, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Youngjae Park
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Pandi K, Angabo S, Makkawi H, Benyamini H, Elgavish S, Nussbaum G. P. gingivalis-Induced TLR2 Interactome Analysis Reveals Association with PARP9. J Dent Res 2024; 103:329-338. [PMID: 38344758 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231222181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium strongly associated with periodontal disease. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is indispensable for the host response to P. gingivalis, but P. gingivalis escapes from immune clearance via TLR2-dependent activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). To probe the TLR2-dependent escape pathway of P. gingivalis, we analyzed the TLR2 interactome induced following P. gingivalis infection or activation by a synthetic lipopeptide TLR2/1 agonist on human macrophages overexpressing TLR2. Interacting proteins were stabilized by cross-linking and then immunoprecipitated and analyzed by mass spectrometry. In total, 792 proteins were recovered and network analysis enabled mapping of the TLR2 interactome at baseline and in response to infection. The P. gingivalis infection-induced TLR2 interactome included the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family member mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase protein 9 (PARP9) and additional members of the PARP9 complex (DTX3L and NMI). PARP9 and its complex members are highly upregulated in macrophages exposed to P. gingivalis or to the synthetic TLR2/1 ligand Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 (PAM). Consistent with its known role in virally induced interferon production, PARP9 knockdown blocked type I interferon (IFN-I) production in response to P. gingivalis and reduced inflammatory cytokine production. We found that P. gingivalis drives signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT) 1 (S727) phosphorylation through TLR2-PARP9, explaining PARP9's role in the induction of IFN-I downstream of TLR2. Furthermore, PARP9 knockdown reduced PI3K activation by P. gingivalis, leading to improved macrophage bactericidal activity. In summary, PARP9 is a novel TLR2 interacting partner that enables IFN-I induction and P. gingivalis immune escape in macrophages downstream of TLR2 sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pandi
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Angabo
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - H Makkawi
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - H Benyamini
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Elgavish
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Nussbaum
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Kumar SK, Mani KP. Proinflammatory signaling mechanism of endocan in macrophages: Involvement of TLR2 mediated MAPK-NFkB pathways. Cytokine 2024; 175:156482. [PMID: 38159469 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Endocan is an endothelial cell-specific proteoglycan that contributes to vascular dysfunction by impairing endothelial function and inducing vascular smooth muscle cell migration. However, its role in regulating macrophage inflammation, a key pathological feature of vascular dysfunction, is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of endocan on macrophage inflammation to better understand its contribution to vascular dysfunction. We found that endocan upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells and activated MAPK/NFkB signaling pathways. Inhibiting these pathways reduced endocan-induced cytokine levels, while inhibiting TLR2 compromised the MAPK/NFkB regulation. Additionally, LPS-induced HUVEC conditioned medium stimulated cytokine levels in RAW 264.7 cells, which were reduced by endocan siRNA treatment in HUVEC. These results suggest that endocan positively regulates pro-inflammation in macrophages through the TLR2-MAPK-NFkB axis, highlighting the potential of targeting endocan to reduce inflammation in vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwareddy Kartik Kumar
- Vascular Research Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Priya Mani
- Vascular Research Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Xu Q, Luo L, Xiang X, Feng Y, Cao Y, Zeng J, Lv H. Comprehensive exploration of hub genes involved in oxidative stress in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment based on bioinformatics analysis. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109810. [PMID: 38296106 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a type of ophthalmologic emergency, if left untreated, the blindness rate approaches 100 %. The RRD patient postoperative recovery of visual function is unsatisfactory, most notably due to photoreceptor death. We conducted to identify the key genes for oxidative stress (OS) in RRD through bioinformatics analysis and clinical validation, thus providing new ideas for the recovery of visual function in RRD patients after surgery. A gene database for RRD was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE28133). Then we screened differentially expressed OS genes (DEOSGs) from the database and assessed the critical pathways in RRD with Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and hub genes among the common DEOSGs were identified. In addition, we collected general information and vitreous fluid from 42 patients with RRD and 22 controls [11 each of epiretinal membrane (EM) and macular hole (MH)], examined the expression levels of proteins encoded by hub genes in vitreous fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to further assess the relationship between the ELISA data and the clinical characteristics of patients with RRD. Ten hub genes (CCL2, ICAM1, STAT3, CD4, ITGAM, PTPRC, CCL5, IL18, TLR2, VCAM1) were finally screened out from the dataset. The ELISA results showed that, compared with the control group, patients with RRD: TLR2 and ICAM-1 were significantly elevated, and CCL2 had a tendency to be elevated, but no statistically significant; RRD patients and MH patients compared with EM patients: STAT3 and VCAM-1 were significantly elevated. We found affected eyes of RRD patients compared with healthy eyes: temporal and nasal retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) were significantly thickened. By correlation analysis, we found that: STAT3 was negatively correlated with ocular perfusion pressure (OPP); temporal RNFL was not only significantly positively correlated with CCL2, but also negatively correlated with Scotopic b-wave amplitude. These findings help us to further explore the mechanism of RRD development and provide new ideas for finding postoperative visual function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Linbi Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yalin Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongbin Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Yao M, Fang C, Wang Z, Guo T, Wu D, Ma J, Wu J, Mo J. miR-328-3p targets TLR2 to ameliorate oxygen-glucose deprivation injury and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in HUVECs via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299382. [PMID: 38394259 PMCID: PMC10889604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell injury is one of the important pathogenic mechanisms in thrombotic diseases, and also neutrophils are involved. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to act as essential players in endothelial cell injury, but the potential molecular processes are unknown. In this study, we used cellular tests to ascertain the protective effect of miR-328-3p on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). METHODS In our study, an OGD-induced HUVECs model was established, and we constructed lentiviral vectors to establish stable HUVECs cell lines. miR-328-3p and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) interacted, as demonstrated by the dual luciferase reporter assay. We used the CCK8, LDH release, and EdU assays to evaluate the proliferative capacity of each group of cells. To investigate the expression of TLR2, p-P65 NF-κB, P65 NF-κB, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18, we employed Western blot and ELISA. Following OGD, each group's cell supernatants were gathered and co-cultured with neutrophils. An immunofluorescence assay and Transwell assay have been performed to determine whether miR-328-3p/TLR2 interferes with neutrophil migration and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. RESULTS In OGD-treated HUVECs, the expression of miR-328-3p is downregulated. miR-328-3p directly targets TLR2, inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway, and reverses the proliferative capacity of OGD-treated HUVECs, while inhibiting neutrophil migration and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. CONCLUSIONS miR-328-3p inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway in OGD-treated HUVECs while inhibiting neutrophil migration and NETs formation, and ameliorating endothelial cell injury, which provides new ideas for the pathogenesis of thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Yao
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chucun Fang
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tianting Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongwen Wu
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianwen Mo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Wang Y, Wang G, Wang X, Yang J, Shen Y, Zhao B, Yang J. Analysis of TLR2 in Primary Endocrine Resistant of Breast Cancer. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2024; 29:81. [PMID: 38420813 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2902081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous clinical studies have suggested that Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 had predictive function for endocrine resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer (BCa). Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether TLR2 would relate to development of endocrine therapy resistance in triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC). METHODS Bioinformatic analysis of TLR2 was carried out through a database. Ten tumor tissues were obtained from TPBC patients who underwent surgery, with five patients displaying primary resistance to tamoxifen (TAM) with the remaining 5 being sensitive. Different levels of proteins were identified through mass spectrometry analysis and confirmed through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot. TAM-resistant cell lines (BT474-TAM) were established by continuous exposure to TAM, and TAM resistance was assessed via IC50. Additionally, TLR2 mRNA was analyzed through western blot and RT-PCR in BT474, BT474-TAM, MCF-7, and MCF10A cells. Furthermore, TLR2-specific interference sequences were utilized to downregulate TLR2 expression in BT474-TAM cells to elucidate its role in TAM resistance. RESULTS TLR2 had a correlation with decreased relapse-free survival in BCa patients from the GSE1456-GPL96 cohort, and it was involved in cancer development predominantly mediated by MAPK and PI3K pathways. TLR2 protein expression ranked in the top 5 proteins within the TAM-resistant group, and was 1.9 times greater than that in the sensitive group. Additionally, TLR2 mRNA and protein expression increased significantly in the established TAM-resistant BT474/TAM cell lines. The sensitivity of TAM was restored upon TLR2 downregulation in BT474/TAM cells. CONCLUSIONS TLR2 might have a therapeutic value as it was involved in the TAM resistance in TPBC, with potential to be a marker for primary endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Medical School, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangxi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Medical School, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Medical School, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanwei Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Medical School, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Qian C, Xu D, Wang J, Luo Y, Jin T, Huang L, Zhou Y, Cai Z, Jin B, Bao H, Wang Y. Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency ameliorates obesity-induced cardiomyopathy via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111551. [PMID: 38278067 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates that chronic low-grade inflammation, which is induced by high-fat diet (HFD) or saturated fatty acid, plays an important role in the obesity-induced cardiomyopathy (OIC) process. Moreover, obesity is associated with the activation of different inflammatory pathways, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Toll-like-receptor-2 (TLR2) and Toll-like-receptor-4 (TLR4). In this study, we established an HFD-induced cardiac injury mouse model and palmitate (PA)-induced myocardial cell model to evaluate the role of TLR2 in OIC. Our data show that TLR2 blockade using TLR2 knockout (KO) mice or a TLR2-specific inhibitor, C29, markedly ameliorated HFD- or PA-induced inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and hypertrophy both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the PA-induced myocardial cell injury was mediated via inducing the formation of TLR2-MyD88 complex in a TLR4-independent manner in cardiomyocytes. Our data prove the critical role of cardiac TLR2 in the pathogenesis of HFD- and saturated fatty acid-induced myocarditis, fibrosis, myocardial hypertrophy, and cardiac dysfunction. Inhibition of TLR2 pathway may be a therapeutic strategy of OIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Qian
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Diyun Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiong Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianyang Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijiang Huang
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yafen Zhou
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaohong Cai
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongdan Bao
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Dyckhoff-Shen S, Masouris I, Islam H, Hammerschmidt S, Angele B, Marathe V, Buer J, Völk S, Pfister HW, Klein M, Koedel U, Kirschning CJ. Combining antibiotic with anti-TLR2/TLR13 therapy prevents brain pathology in pneumococcal meningitis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e165737. [PMID: 38358825 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite effective antibiotic therapy, brain-destructive inflammation often cannot be avoided in pneumococcal meningitis. The causative signals are mediated predominantly through TLR-recruited myeloid differentiation primary response adaptor 88 (MyD88), as indicated by a dramatic pneumococcal meningitis phenotype of Myd88-/- mice. Because lipoproteins and single-stranded RNA are crucial for recognition of Gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae by the host immune system, we comparatively analyzed the disease courses of Myd88-/- and Tlr2-/- Tlr13-/- mice. Their phenotypic resemblance indicated TLR2 and -13 as master sensors of S. pneumoniae in the cerebrospinal fluid. A neutralizing anti-TLR2 antibody (T2.5) and chloroquine (CQ) - the latter applied here as an inhibitor of murine TLR13 and its human ortholog TLR8 - abrogated activation of murine and human primary immune cells exposed to antibiotic-treated S. pneumoniae. The inhibitory effect of the T2.5/CQ cocktail was stronger than that of dexamethasone, the current standard adjunctive drug for pneumococcal meningitis. Accordingly, TLR2/TLR13 blockade concomitant with ceftriaxone application significantly improved the clinical course of pneumococcal meningitis compared with treatment with ceftriaxone alone or in combination with dexamethasone. Our study indicates the importance of murine TLR13 and human TLR8, besides TLR2, in pneumococcal meningitis pathology, and suggests their blockade as a promising antibiotic therapy adjunct.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilias Masouris
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Heba Islam
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara Angele
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Veena Marathe
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Völk
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Klein
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Koedel
- Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten J Kirschning
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Martínez-Cuevas FL, Cruz SL, González-Espinosa C. Methadone Requires the Co-Activation of μ-Opioid and Toll-Like-4 Receptors to Produce Extracellular DNA Traps in Bone-Marrow-Derived Mast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2137. [PMID: 38396814 PMCID: PMC10889600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Methadone is an effective and long-lasting analgesic drug that is also used in medication-assisted treatment for people with opioid use disorders. Although there is evidence that methadone activates μ-opioid and Toll-like-4 receptors (TLR-4s), its effects on distinct immune cells, including mast cells (MCs), are not well characterized. MCs express μ-opioid and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and constitute an important cell lineage involved in allergy and effective innate immunity responses. In the present study, murine bone-marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) were treated with methadone to evaluate cell viability by flow cytometry, cell morphology with immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) increase. We found that exposure of BMMCs to 0.5 mM or 1 mM methadone rapidly induced cell death by forming extracellular DNA traps (ETosis). Methadone-induced cell death depended on ROS formation and [Ca2+]i. Using pharmacological approaches and TLR4-defective BMMC cultures, we found that µ-opioid receptors were necessary for both methadone-induced ROS production and intracellular calcium increase. Remarkably, TLR4 receptors were also involved in methadone-induced ROS production as it did not occur in BMMCs obtained from TLR4-deficient mice. Finally, confocal microscopy images showed a significant co-localization of μ-opioid and TLR4 receptors that increased after methadone treatment. Our results suggest that methadone produces MCETosis by a mechanism requiring a novel crosstalk pathway between μ-opioid and TLR4 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida L. Martínez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav, IPN), Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Rinconada de las Hadas, México City CP 14330, Mexico;
| | - Silvia L. Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav, IPN), Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Rinconada de las Hadas, México City CP 14330, Mexico;
| | - Claudia González-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav, IPN), Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Col. Rinconada de las Hadas, México City CP 14330, Mexico;
- Centro de Investigación Sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav, IPN), Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios, No. 235, Col. Rinconada de las Hadas, México City CP 14330, Mexico
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25
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Shi Y, Wang R, Li Y, Cui Y, He Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Zhang M, Chen Y, Jia M, Chen K, Ruan X, Tian J, Ma T, Chen J. Involvement of TLRs/NF-κB/ESE-1 signaling pathway in T-2 toxin-induced cartilage matrix degradation. Environ Pollut 2024; 342:123114. [PMID: 38081376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
T-2 toxin, a highly toxic type A monotrichothecene mycotoxin, has been found in many different types of cereals and is considered to be one of the most dangerous naturally occurring forms of food contamination. Globally, consuming grain-based food tainted with T-2 toxin poses significant risks to animal and human health. Prior research has indicated that the presence of T-2 toxin may lead to the demise of chondrocytes and the deterioration of the extracellular matrix of cartilage in degenerative bone and joint conditions, such as Kashin-Beck disease. However, the mechanisms by which T-2 toxin exerts its biological toxicity on the degradation of the extracellular matrix in cartilage are not well understood. In the current study, we found original results that demonstrate an upregulation of Toll-Like Receptors (TLR-2, TLR-4) and ESE-1 expression levels in the articular cartilage of a rat model subjected to T-2 toxin exposure. Furthermore, it was revealed that the exposure to T-2 toxin resulted in an increase in the expression of TLR-2, TLR-4, and ESE-1 in human C28/I2 chondrocytes. The findings of this study indicate that the increased expression of TLR-2, TLR-4, and ESE-1 may contribute to the development of degenerative osteoarthritic disease caused by T-2 toxin. Consistent with our hypotheses, we discovered that T-2 toxin increased the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-13 in human C28/I2 chondrocytes. We used a luciferase reporter gene assay to measure the activity of the ESE-1 promoter and transfected cells with plasmids encoding TLR-2 and TLR-4 to investigate their effects on this activity. TLR-2 and TLR-4 can activate ESE-1 transcriptional gene expression, and this expression is mediated through the NF-κB pathway, additional evidence is provided for the participation of the TLRs/NF-κB/ESE-1 signaling pathway in T-2 toxin-induced cartilage matrix degradation. Together, the findings indicated that the TLRs/NF-κB/ESE-1 signaling pathway played an essential part in T-2 toxin-induced cartilage matrix degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Shi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710018, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Yixin Cui
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Ying He
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yinan Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yonghui Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Mingzhao Jia
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Kunpan Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xingran Ruan
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Tianyou Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Jinghong Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases in the Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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26
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Hu DN, Zhang R, Iacob CE, Yao S, Yang SF, Chan CC, Rosen RB. Effects of Toll-like receptor 1 and 2 agonist Pam3CSK4 on uveal melanocytes and relevant experimental mouse model. Exp Eye Res 2024; 239:109749. [PMID: 38113956 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Pam3CSK4 activates Toll-like receptors 2 and 1 (TLR1/2), which recognize mainly molecules from gram-positive pathogens. The effect of Pam3CSK4 on various cytokine and chemokine expression in cultured human uveal melanocytes (UM) has not been studied systematically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanistic expressions of seven cytokines and chemokines of interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-10, MCP-1 (CCL-2), CXCL-1 (GRO-α), CXCL-8 (IL-8), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in UM. These cytokines are reported to be increased in intraocular fluids or tissues of the patients with endophthalmitis and non-infectious uveitis, as well as in various experimental animal uveitic models in the literature. Flow cytometry was used to measure the effects of Pam3CSK4 on the expression of TLR1/2 in UM. ELISA and Real-time PCR analysis were used to estimate the ability of Pam3CSK4 to elevate these cytokines and chemokines levels in conditioned media and cell lysates of UM, respectively. Flow cytometry measured and compared the phosphorylated MAPK pathway and activated NF-κB signals pathway in UM, treated with and without Pam3CSK4. ELISA analysis tested the effect of various signal inhibitors (ERK1/2, JNK1/2, p38 and NF-κB) on Pam3CSK4-induced IL-6 levels in cultured UM. The role of TLR2 in Pam3CSK4-induced acute anterior uveitis in experimental mouse model was tested in TLR2 knockout (TLR2 KO) mice and their wild-type C57Bl/6 controls. Pam3CSK4 increased the expression of TLR1/2 proteins in cultured UM. Pam3CSK4 significantly elevated the IL-6, MCP-1, CXCL-1, CXCL-8 protein, and mRNA levels in cultured UM, but not IL-10, TNF-α, or IFN-γ. Pam3CSK4 activated NF-κB, ERK, JNK, and p38 expression. Pam3CSK4-induced expression of IL-6 was decreased by NF-κB, ERK, INK, and p38 inhibitors; especially the NF-κB inhibitor, which can completely block the IL-6 stimulation. Intravitreal injection of Pam3CSK4 induced acute anterior uveitis in C57Bl/6 mice, this effect was significantly reduced in TLR2 KO mice. TLR1/2 plays an important role against invading pathogens, especially gram-positive bacteria; but an excessive reaction to molecules from gram-positive bacteria may promote non-infectious uveitis. UM can produce IL-6, MCP-1, CXCL-1, and CXCL-8, and are one of the target cells of TNF-α and IFN-γ. TLR-2 inhibitors might have a beneficial effect in the treatment of certain types of uveitis and other ocular inflammatory-related diseases and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ning Hu
- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Codrin E Iacob
- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shen Yao
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard B Rosen
- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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27
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Matsui R, Endo K, Saiki T, Haga H, Shen W, Wang X, Yamazaki S, Katayama S, Nagata K, Kitamura H, Tanaka S. Characterization and anti-tumor activities of polysaccharide isolated from Brassica rapa L. via activation of macrophages through TLR2-and TLR4-Dependent pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 752:109879. [PMID: 38160699 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We have previously shown the immunostimulatory effects by Nozawana (Brassica rapa L.). In this report, we determined the characteristics of Nozawana polysaccharide (NPS) and evaluated the immunomodulatory effects and anti-tumor activity of NPS mediated by macrophage activation. The molecular weight of NPS was determined by gel filtration chromatography with an average molecular weight of approximately 100.6 kDa. HPLC analysis showed that NPS contained glucose, galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose. NPS increased cytokine and nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages in a Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4-dependent manner. Furthermore, NPS induced apoptosis significantly against 4T1 murine breast cancer cells cultured in conditioned medium from NPS-treated macrophages through tumor necrosis factor-α. In tumor-bearing mouse model, tumor growth was significantly reduced in NPS-treated mice compared with control mice. These results support the potential use of NPS as an immunotherapeutic material found in health food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Matsui
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Katsunori Endo
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology Agriculture, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Takeru Saiki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Hazuki Haga
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Weidong Shen
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 090-0815, Japan
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 090-0815, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamazaki
- Food Technology Department, Nagano Prefecture General Industrial Technology Center, 205-1 Kurita, Nagano, Nagano, 380-0921, Japan
| | - Shigeru Katayama
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology Agriculture, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Kitamura
- Division of Functional Immunology, Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 090-0815, Japan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, 350-8585, Japan
| | - Sachi Tanaka
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan; Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology Agriculture, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
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28
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Gao X, Lin C, Feng Y, You Y, Jin Z, Li M, Zhou Y, Chen K. Akkermansia muciniphila-derived small extracellular vesicles attenuate intestinal ischemia-reperfusion-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction by suppressing microglia activation via the TLR2/4 signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024; 1871:119630. [PMID: 37967793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) bacteria improve the functions of theere intestinal and blood-brain barriers (BBB) via their extracellular vesicles (AmEvs). However, their role in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate, we used C57BL/6 J mice divided into five groups: Sham, POCD, POCD+Akk, POCD+Evs, and POCD+Evs + PLX5622. POCD was induced through intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). The mice's cognitive function was assessed using behavioral tests, and possible mechanisms were explored by examining gut and BBB permeability, inflammation, and microglial function. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4 pathway-related proteins were also investigated both in vitro and in vivo. PLX5622 chow was employed to eliminate microglial cells. Our findings revealed a negative correlation between AKK abundance and POCD symptoms. Supplementation with either AKK or AmEvs improved cognitive function, improved the performance of the intestinal barrier and BBB, and decreased inflammation and microglial activation in POCD mice compared to controls. Moreover, AmEvs treatment inhibited TLR2/4 signaling in the brains of POCD mice and LPS-treated microglial cells. In microglial-ablated POCD mice, however, AmEvs failed to protect BBB integrity. Overall, AmEvs is a potential therapeutic strategy for managing POCD by enhancing gut and BBB integrity and inhibiting microglial-mediated TLR2/4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350000, China; College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Chuantao Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350000, China; College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Yebin Feng
- Department of Science and Education, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350000, China; College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Yi You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, 350000, China; College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Mengyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Shen C, Wang H. Age-Associated KLF9 Enhances the Inflammatory Response of Alveolar Macrophages Via Regulating TLR2 Expression. Rejuvenation Res 2024; 27:17-23. [PMID: 38062733 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2023.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia is a severe infection in infant and young children. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated inflammation plays essential roles in S. aureus pneumonia. Krueppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) is a transcriptional factor participating in multiple cellular aspects including inflammation. In this study, the potential roles of KLF9 in S. aureus pneumonia were evaluated. The expression of KLF9 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors with different ages and in alveolar macrophages from mice with different ages was measured. Pam3CK4-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines was compared in alveolar macrophages from young and old mice and in wild-type (WT) and KLF9-deficient macrophages. The survival rate, body weight loss, lung pathology were compared between WT and KLF9-deficient mice after S. aureus infection. The TLR2 expression was compared between WT and KLF9-deficient macrophages after Pam3CK4 treatment. Decreased expression of KLF9 was detected in PBMCs from elder donor and in macrophages from old mice. Impaired expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed in macrophages from old mice and KLF9-deficient macrophages after Pam3CK4 treatment. KLF9-deficient mice had elevated survival rate, decreased lung injury after S. aureus infection. Decreased expression of TLR2 was detected in KLF9-deficient macrophages and overexpression of TLR2 rescued the impaired expression of inflammatory cytokines in KLF9-deficient macrophages. KLF9 regulated inflammatory responses in macrophages through TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Shen
- Department of Neonatology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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30
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Ghosh R, Bishayi B. Endogenous blocking of TLR2 along with TNF-α and IL-1β ameliorates the severity of the S. aureus arthritis via modulating STAT3/SOCS3 expressions in tissue resident macrophages. Microb Pathog 2024; 187:106518. [PMID: 38160988 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In vivo studies identifying a role of TLR2 in septic arthritis models are lacking. TNF-α played as the most important proinflammatory cytokine, and connected directly to the pathogenesis of bacterial arthritis. IL-1β is another central mediator cytokine in arthritis. It is therefore reasonable to question the role of neutralization of endogenous TNF-α and IL-1β along with TLR2 and associated downstream signaling as crucial mediators in the S. aureus -induced inflammatory arthritis. In reaction to an injury or a pathogen encounter, innate immune cells serve as the initial line of defense. TLR2 mediated entry of S. aureus into macrophage cells initiates an array of inflammatory cascades. After macrophage cell gets activated at the site inflammation, they generate elevated number of cytokines which includes TNF-α, IL-1β. This cytokines signals through STAT1/STAT3 mediated pathways. Thus, aim of this study was to discover how This bone damage could be altered by altering the STAT/STAT3/SOCS3 ratio by blocking TLR2, a particular S. aureus binding site, in conjunction with the use of IL-1 and TNF- antibodies for neutralizing endogenous IL-1β and TNF-α. Additionally, the role of local macrophages in therapy of arthritis was investigated in synovial and Splenic tissue. To comprehend the inflammatory milieu within the system, ROS and other antioxidant enzymes, along with the expression of mTOR in macrophage cells, were also taken into consideration. The detrimental impact of bacterial burden on synovial joints was reduced by simultaneously inhibiting TLR2, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Lowered IFN-γ decreases its sensitivity to STAT1 and lowered IL-6 reduces STAT3 expressions. Whereas, elevated IL-10 enhances SOSC3 expression, which thereby able to limits STAT1/STAT3 inter-conversion. As a result, NF-κB activity was downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, 700009, West Bengal, India.
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Mansouri A, Yousef MS, Kowsar R, Miyamoto A. Homology Modeling, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Prediction of Bovine TLR2 Heterodimerization. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1496. [PMID: 38338775 PMCID: PMC10855669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a major membrane-bound receptor with ligand and species specificity that activates the host immune response. Heterodimerization of TLR2 with TLR1 (TLR2/1) or TLR6 (TLR2/6), triggered by ligand binding, is essential to initiating the signaling pathway. Bovine TLR2 (bTLR2) heterodimerization has not been defined yet compared with human and mouse TLR2s (hTLR2 and mTLR2). The aim of the present study was to model bovine TLRs (TLRs 1, 2 and 6) and create the heterodimeric forms of the bovine TLR2 using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We compared the intermolecular interactions in bTLR2/1-PAM3 and bTLR2/6-PAM2 with the hTLR2 and mTLR2 complexes through docking simulations and subsequent MD analyses. The present computational findings showed that bTLR2 dimerization could have a biological function and activate the immune response, similar to hTLR2 and mTLR2. Agonists and antagonists that are designed for hTLR2 and mTLR2 can target bTLR2. However, the experimental approaches to comparing the functional immune response of TLR2 across species were missing in the present study. This computational study provides a structural analysis of the bTLR2 interaction with bTLR1 and bTLR6 in the presence of an agonist/antagonist and reveals the three-dimensional structure of bTLR2 dimerization. The present findings could guide future experimental studies targeting bTLR2 with different ligands and lipopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mansouri
- Global AgroMedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (A.M.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Mohamed Samy Yousef
- Global AgroMedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (A.M.); (M.S.Y.)
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Rasoul Kowsar
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Global AgroMedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (A.M.); (M.S.Y.)
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Gasaly N, Tang X, Chen X, Bellalta S, Hermoso MA, de Vos P. Effects of pectin's degree of methyl esterification on TLR2-mediated IL-8 secretion and tight junction gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells: influence of soluble TLR2. Food Funct 2024; 15:569-579. [PMID: 38170495 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03673a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of pectins with different degrees of methyl esterification (DM) on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) expressing low and high levels of TLR2. It also studies the influence of soluble TLR2 (sTLR2) which may be enhanced in patients with inflammatory bowel syndrome on the inflammation-attenuating effects of pectins. Also, it examines the impact of pectins on tight junction gene expression in IECs. Lemon pectins with DM18 and DM88 were characterized, and their effects on TLR2-1-induced IL8 gene expression and secretion were investigated in low-TLR2 expressing Caco-2 and high-TLR2 expressing DLD-1 cells. The results demonstrate that both DM18 and DM88 pectins can counteract TLR2-1-induced IL-8 expression and secretion, with more pronounced effects observed in DLD-1 cells expressing high levels of TLR2. Furthermore, the presence of sTLR2 does not interfere with the attenuating effects of low DM18 pectin and may even support its anti-inflammatory effects in Caco-2 cells. The impact of pectins and sTLR2 on tight junction gene expression also demonstrates cell-type-dependent effects. Overall, these findings suggest that low DM pectins possess potent anti-inflammatory properties and may influence tight junction gene expression in IECs, thereby contributing to the maintenance of gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naschla Gasaly
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Xin Tang
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sofía Bellalta
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcela A Hermoso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Huang L, Xie S, Zhang Y, Du W, Liang X, Pan W, Yang F, Niu R, Chen H, Geng L, Xiang L, Gong S, Xu W. The novel mechanism of human norovirus induced diarrhea: Activation of PKD2 caused by HuNoVs destroyed AQP3 expression through AP2γ in intestinal epithelial cells. Life Sci 2024; 337:122348. [PMID: 38103725 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Our previous work has demonstrated protein kinase D2 (PKD2) played a critical influence in experimental colitis in animal. However, the role of PKD2 in human norovirus (HuNoVs)-induced diarrhea remained unknown. Aquaporin 3 (AQP3) expression, a critical protein mediating diarrhea, was assessed by western blot, qRT-PCR in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Luciferase, IF, IP and ChIP assay were used to explore the mechanism through which HuNoVs regulated AQP3. Herein, we found that AQP3 expression was drastically decreased in IECs in response to VP1 transfection, the major capsid protein of HuNoVs, or HuNoVs infection. Mechanistically, HuNoVs triggered phosphorylation of PKD2 through TLR2/MyD88/IRAK4, which further inhibited AP2γ activation and nuclear translocation, leading to suppress AQP3 transactivation in IECs. Most importantly, PKD2 interacted with MyD88/IRAK4, and VP1 overexpression enhanced this complex form, which, in turn, to increase PKD2 phosphorylation. In addition, endogenous PKD2 interacted with AP2γ, and this interaction was enhanced in response to HuNoVs treatment, and subsequently resulting in AP2γ phosphorylation inhibition. Moreover, inhibition of PKD2 activation could reverse the inhibitory effect of HuNoVs on AQP3 expression. In summary, we established a novel mechanism that HuNoV inhibited AQP3 expression through TLR2/MyD88/IRAK4/PKD2 signaling pathway, targeting PKD2 activity could be a promising strategy for prevention of HuNoVs-induced gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China; Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Shuping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China; Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Putian Ninety-Five Hospital, Putian 351100, China
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China; Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xinhua Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China; Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Wenxu Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China; Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Fangying Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China; Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Rongwei Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China; Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Lanlan Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China; Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China; Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China.
| | - Sitang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China; Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China.
| | - Wanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China; Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou 510623, China.
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Feng X, Zhang H, Hu K, Shi G, Wu D, Shao J, Wang T, Wang C. Longdan Xiegan decoction ameliorates vulvovaginal candidiasis by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome via the Toll-like receptor /MyD88 pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:116869. [PMID: 37390876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Longdan Xiegan decoction (LXD) is a standardized herbal prescription originally documented in the "Medical Formula Collection" by the eminent physician Wang Ang during the Qing dynasty. It has been used extensively to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). However, despite its effectiveness, the mechanism of action remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the mechanism by which LXD relieves VVC via the Toll-like receptor/MyD88 pathway and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female Kunming mice (n = 96) were randomly divided into six groups: control, VVC model, LXD (10/20/40 mL/kg), and positive drug fluconazole. Mice were vaginally administered Candida albicans (C. albicans) solution (20 μL; 1 × 108 colony-forming units/mL), suspended for 5 min, and observed daily for changes in their condition. Continuous dilution was used to determine the number of colony-forming units. Gram, periodic acid-Schiff, Papanicolaou, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to determine the extent of infection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to determine the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 protein expression were determined using western blotting. RESULTS C. albicans infection destroyed the integrity of the vaginal mucosa, increased fungal burden and the influx of neutrophils into the vaginal cavity, and promoted the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. C. albicans stimulated the expression of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 in vaginal tissue. Fungal burden, hyphal formation, and C. albicans adhesion were reduced in the 20 and 40 mL/kg LXD groups. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that inflammation was reduced and the stratum corneum had recovered in the 20 and 40 mL/kg LXD groups. LXD (20 and 40 mL/kg) significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-18 levels and the number of neutrophils in vaginal lavage and decreased TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS This study systematically demonstrated the therapeutic effect of LXD on protein expression and pathological conditions in VVC mice. The results showed that LXD could eliminate the invasion of vaginal hyphae in mice, reduce the recruitment of neutrophils, and reduce the expression of TLR/MyD88 pathway-related proteins and NLRP3 inflammasome. The above results clearly indicate that LXD may profoundly regulate NLRP3 inflammasome through the TLR/MyD88 pathway and play a therapeutic role in VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Kaifan Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Changzhong Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.
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Fan W, Xu H, Chen F, Li X. The expression of Nrf2 and TLRs in ear effusion in children with different types of otitis media and their relationship with inflammatory factors. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111152. [PMID: 37977066 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the differences in the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in ear effusion in children with different types of otitis media (OM), to elaborate the relationship between the expression of TLRs and Nrf2 in ear effusion and the pathogenesis of OM, and to explore the relationship between the two indicators and pro-inflammatory cytokines in children with OM, thereby laying a scientific foundation for revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms of the progression of different types of OM. METHODS A total of 73 children with OM who were treated in our hospital from March 2019 to July 2021 were selected as the study subjects. By using the cross-sectional investigation method, participants were divided into three groups according to the different pathological types, including the secretory OM group (30 cases), the chronic suppurative OM group (27 cases), and the cystic lesional OM group (16 cases). The levels of Nrf2, TLR2, TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines [interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β 1(TGF-β1), procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)] were detected in ear effusion of children with different types of OM. Linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between the Nrf2, TLR2 and TLR4 expression levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines in ear effusion. RESULTS The expression levels of TNF-α and PCT in the ear effusion of the children under 3 years old were significantly higher than that of the children between 3 and 5 years old and that of the children between 6 and 8 years old (all P < 0.001). The mRNA levels of Nrf2, TLR2 and TLR4 in the ear effusion of the children from the chronic suppurative OM group were higher than these from the secretory OM group (P < 0.001, P = 0.008 and P = 0.021). The mRNA levels of Nrf2, TLR2, and TLR4 in the ear effusion of the children from the cystic lesional OM group were higher than those from the chronic suppurative OM group (P < 0.001, P = 0.029 and P = 0.018). A prominent increase in the concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1, PCT and IL-1β was found in the ear effusion of children from the chronic suppurative OM group compared to these from the secretory OM group (P = 0.021, P = 0.044, P = 0.048, P = 0.004 and P = 0.001). The concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1, PCT and IL-1β in the ear effusion of the children from the cystic lesional OM group were markedly increased as compared with these from the chronic suppurative OM group (P < 0.001, P = 0.004, P = 0.003, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). Nrf2, TLR2 and TLR4 were taken as independent variables, and inflammatory indexes, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1, PCT and IL-1β were used as dependent variables for the linear regression analysis. The results showed that Nrf2, TLR2 and TLR4 were positively correlated with the secretion levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines after adjusting for age, sex, course and the OM classification (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The expressions of Nrf2, TLR2 and TLR4 in the ear effusion of children with different types of OM gradually increased with the severity of the disease, these were significantly positively correlated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines of the children. Nrf2/TLR signaling pathway maintained chronic inflammation in OM, induced damage of middle ear tissue, and promoted the transition from acute OM to chronic OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Hongming Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.
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Yang L, Mei GC, Wu JX, Jiang QZ, Su ZH, Liao HQ, Liu ZM, Tao RC, Yong XZ. Corydalis saxicolaBunting total alkaloid eliminates Porphyromonas gingivalis strain 33277 internalized into macrophages by inhibition of TLR2. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105244. [PMID: 37914020 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of Corydalis Saxicola Bunting Total Alkaloid (CSBTA) on Porphyromonas gingivalis internalization within macrophages and explore the potential role of Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2) in this process. METHODS We established a P. gingivalis internalization model in macrophages by treating P. gingivalis-infected macrophages (MOI=100:1) with 200 μg/mL metronidazole and 300 μg/mL gentamicin for 1 h. Subsequently, the model was exposed to CSBTA at concentrations of 0.02 g/L or 1 μg/mL Pam3CSK4. After a 6 h treatment, cell lysis was performed with sterile water to quantify bacterial colonies. The mRNA expressions of TLR2 and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in macrophages were analyzed using RT-qPCR, while their protein levels were assessed via Western blot and ELISA respectively. RESULTS P. gingivalis could internalize into macrophages and enhance the expression of TLR2 and IL-8. Activation of TLR2 by Pam3CSK4 contributed to P. gingivalis survival within macrophages and increased TLR2 and IL-8 expression. Conversely, 0.02 g/L CSBTA effectively cleared intracellular P. gingivalis, achieving a 90 % clearance rate after 6 h. Moreover, it downregulated the expression of TLR2 and IL-8 induced by P. gingivalis. However, the inhibitory effect of CSBTA on the internalized P. gingivalis model was attenuated by Pam3CSK4. CONCLUSION CSBTA exhibited the ability to reduce the presence of live intracellular P. gingivalis and lower IL-8 expression in macrophages, possibly by modulating TLR2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
| | - Guo-Cheng Mei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
| | - Jia-Xuan Wu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
| | - Qiao-Zhi Jiang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
| | - Zhi-Heng Su
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Hai-Qing Liao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
| | - Zhen-Min Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
| | - Ren-Chuan Tao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
| | - Xiang-Zhi Yong
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Universities and Colleges Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, China.
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Ghosh SK, Shukla D, Mahor H, Srivastava SK, Bodhale N, Banerjee R, Saha B. Leishmania surface molecule lipophosphoglycan-TLR2 interaction moderates TPL2-mediated TLR2 signalling for parasite survival. Immunology 2024; 171:117-130. [PMID: 37849037 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite, resides and replicates in macrophages and inflicts the potentially fatal disease visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The parasite-expressed surface lipophosphoglycan (LPG) was implicated in binding TLR2 on NK cells, but the modus operandi of its disease-promoting influence remained unknown. As TPL2, a member of the MAPK module in mammalian macrophages, was implicated in the anti-inflammatory immune response and promoting pathogen survival, we investigated the possibility of TPL2-directed LPG-TLR2 signalling in Leishmania infection. We observed that TLR2 or TPL2 blockade differentially influenced the TLR2 ligand proteoglycan (PGN)-induced p38MAPK and ERK-1/2 activation. TLR2 blockade abrogated the PGN-induced TPL2 activation. L. donovani infection impaired the Akt activation whereas, upon TPL2 inhibition, the infection fails to control Akt phosphorylation. In L. donovani-infected macrophages, TLR2 blocking negatively affected p38, Akt and TPL2 phosphorylation while ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased relative to the infection alone. TPL2 blockade reduced TGF-β, but increased TNF-α expression and diminished amastigote count in macrophages. While exploring stimulation patterns of TLR2 ligands, LPG, unlike PGN, selectively increased TLR2 expression in macrophages. LPG blockade increased p38MAPK and AKT, but slightly affected ERK-1/2 and significantly reduced TPL2 phosphorylation from L. donovani-infected macrophages. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis drew a parallel between LPG's glycan chain lengths with the frequency of interaction with TLR2 which might impact TLR2 signalling. Therefore, the parasite regulates the TLR2 signalling via TPL2 when elicited by LPG-TLR2 interaction for pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kanti Ghosh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Hima Mahor
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Raja Banerjee
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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Oriuchi M, Lee S, Uno K, Sudo K, Kusano K, Asano N, Hamada S, Hatta W, Koike T, Imatani A, Masamune A. Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide Damages Mucosal Barrier to Promote Gastritis-Associated Carcinogenesis. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:95-111. [PMID: 37943385 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies suggested correlation between gastric cancer (GC) and periodontal disease. AIMS We aim to clarify involvement of lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg.), one of the red complex periodontal pathogens, in the GC development. METHODS To evaluate barrier function of background mucosa against the stimulations, we applied biopsy samples from 76 patients with GC using a Ussing chamber system (UCs). K19-Wnt1/C2mE transgenic (Gan) mice and human GC cell-lines ± THP1-derived macrophage was applied to investigate the role of Pg. lipopolysaccharide in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. RESULTS In the UCs, Pg. lipopolysaccharide reduced the impedance of metaplastic and inflamed mucosa with increases in mRNA expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, and apoptotic markers. In vitro, Pg. lipopolysaccharide promoted reactive oxidative stress (ROS)-related apoptosis as well as activated TLR2-β-catenin-signaling on MKN7, and it increased the TNFα production on macrophages, respectively. TNFα alone activated TLR2-β-catenin-signaling in MKN7, while it further increased ROS and TNFα in macrophages. Under coculture with macrophages isolated after stimulation with Pg. lipopolysaccharide, β-catenin-signaling in MKN7 was activated with an increase in supernatant TNFα concentration, both of which were decreased by adding a TNFα neutralization antibody into the supernatant. In Gan mice with 15-week oral administration of Pg. lipopolysaccharide, tumor enlargement with β-catenin-signaling activation were observed with an increase in TNFα with macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Local exposure of Pg. lipopolysaccharide may increase ROS on premalignant gastric mucosa to induce apoptosis-associated barrier dysfunction and to secrete TNFα from activated macrophages, and both stimulation of Pg. lipopolysaccharide and TNFα might activate TLR2-β-catenin-signaling in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Oriuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Sujae Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Kaname Uno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Sudo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kusano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Naoki Asano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Shin Hamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Waku Hatta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Akira Imatani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
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Yang XP, Huang JH, Ye FL, Yv QY, Chen S, Li WW, Zhu M. Echinacoside exerts neuroprotection via suppressing microglial α-synuclein/TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis in parkinsonian models. Phytomedicine 2024; 123:155230. [PMID: 38000105 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinacoside (ECH), a natural active compound, was found to exert neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain controversial. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the roles of ECH in PD and its engaged mechanisms. CONCLUSION In vivo, MPTP was adapted to construct subacute PD mouse model to explore the regulation of ECH on NLRP3 inflammasome. In vitro, α-synuclein (α-syn)/MPP+ was used to mediate the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in BV2 cells, and the mechanism of ECH regulation of it was explored with molecular docking, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and small molecule inhibitors. CONCLUSION The activation of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome could be evoked by MPTP in vitro, but its toxic metabolite MPP+ alone cannot trigger the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro, which requires α-synuclein (α-syn) priming. Exogenous α-syn could evoke microglial TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis, playing the priming role in MPP+ -mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. ECH can suppress the upregulation of α-syn in MPTP-treated mice and BV2 microglia. It can also suppress the activation of the TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis induced by α-syn. CONCLUSION ECH exerts neuroprotective effects by downregulating the TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis via reducing the expression of α-syn in the PD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China; Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201500, China; Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201500, China
| | - Jia-Hua Huang
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201500, China; Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201500, China
| | - Fan-Long Ye
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201500, China; Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201500, China
| | - Qing-Yun Yv
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201500, China; Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201500, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201500, China; Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201500, China
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuropharmacology, Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201500, China; Institute of Neurology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201500, China.
| | - Min Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Fahmy SH, Jungbluth H, Jepsen S, Winter J. Effects of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors on proliferative, differentiative, and regenerative functions of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2)-stimulated human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:53. [PMID: 38157054 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study aimed to modify TLR-2-mediated effects on the paracrine, proliferative, and differentiation potentials of human dental pulp-derived cells using histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability was assessed using the XTT assay. Cells were either treated with 10 μg/ml Pam3CSK4 only, or pre-treated with valproic acid (VPA) (3 mM), trichostatin A (TSA) (3 μM), and MG-149 (3 μM) for a total of 4 h and 24 h. Control groups included unstimulated cells and cells incubated with inhibitors solvents only. Transcript levels for NANOG, OCT3-4, FGF-1 and 2, NGF, VEGF, COL-1A1, TLR-2, hβD-2 and 3, BMP-2, DSPP, and ALP were assessed through qPCR. RESULTS After 24 h, TSA pre-treatment significantly upregulated the defensins and maintained the elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, but significantly reduced healing and differentiation genes. VPA significantly upregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, while MG-149 significantly downregulated them. Pluripotency genes were not significantly affected by any regimen. CONCLUSIONS At the attempted concentrations, TSA upregulated the defensins gene expression levels, and MG-149 exerted a remarkable anti-inflammatory effect; therefore, they could favorably impact the immunological profile of hDPCs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Targeting hDPC nuclear function could be a promising option in the scope of the biological management of inflammatory pulp diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hossam Fahmy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Holger Jungbluth
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Winter
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Akthar I, Kim Y, Umehara T, Kanno C, Sasaki M, Marey MA, Yousef MS, Haneda S, Shimada M, Miyamoto A. Activation of sperm Toll-like receptor 2 induces hyperactivation to enhance the penetration to mucus and uterine glands: a trigger for the uterine inflammatory cascade in cattle. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1319572. [PMID: 38179051 PMCID: PMC10766357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1319572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
It is known that sperm and seminal plasma (SP) affect uterine immunity. In cattle, artificial insemination enables breeding by depositing frozen and largely diluted sperm with a negligible amount of SP into the uterus. Thus, the present study focused on the impact of frozen-thawed sperm on bovine uterine immunity. We have previously shown that in the bovine uterus, sperm swim smoothly over the luminal epithelium and some sperm interact with uterine glands to induce a weak inflammatory response mainly via the endometrial Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling. However, the process by which sperm is encountered in the uterine glands is not completely clear. The present study intended to evaluate the role of sperm-TLR2 in sperm-uterine mucus penetration for reaching the glandular epithelium to induce the uterine immune response. To activate and block sperm-TLR2, they were treated with TLR2 agonist and antagonist, respectively. TLR2 activation enhanced sperm hyperactivation and improved its capacity to penetrate the artificial viscoelastic fluid and estrous-uterine-mucus. In contrast, TLR2-blocked sperm showed completely opposite effects. It is noteworthy, that the TLR2-activated sperm that penetrated the uterine mucus exhibited increased motile activity with hyperactivation. In the sperm-endometrial ex-vivo model, a greater amount of TLR2-activated sperm entered the uterine glands with an immune response, which was seen as the upregulation of mRNA expression for TNFA, IL1B, IL8, PGES, and TLR2 similar to those in control sperm. On the other hand, a lesser amount of TLR2-blocked sperm entered the uterine glands and weakened the sperm-induced increase only in PGES, suggesting that penetration of a certain number of sperm in the uterine gland is necessary enough to trigger the inflammatory response. Altogether, the present findings indicate that activation of sperm-TLR2 promotes their hyperactivation and mucus penetration with greater motility, allowing them to enter into the uterine glands more. This further suggests that the hyperactivated sperm contributes to triggering the pro-inflammatory cascade partly via TLR2 in the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihshan Akthar
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Yejin Kim
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kanno
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Motoki Sasaki
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Mohamed Ali Marey
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Behera, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Samy Yousef
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shingo Haneda
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Global Agromedicine Research Center (GAMRC), Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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Wu QJ, Zhu LL, Zhang RK, Xing ZY, Wang C, Liao JH, Hu NZ, Cheng BY, Ma Y, Wang YQ. Effect of glutamine on the systemic innate immune response in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella pullorum. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:275. [PMID: 38102601 PMCID: PMC10724901 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine on the growth performance and systemic innate immune response in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella pullorum. A total of 600 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were assigned randomly to 6 dietary treatments with 10 replicates for a 21-day feeding experiment. The experimental treatments were as follows: the control treatment (birds fed the basal diet), the Gln1 treatment, and the Gln 2 treatment (birds fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5%, and 1.0% Glutamine, respectively). At 3 d of age, half of the birds from each treatment were challenged oral gavage with 2.0 × 104 CFU/mL of S. pullorum suspension (1.0 mL per bird) or an equivalent amount of sterile saline alone, which served as a control. RESULTS The results showed that S. pullorum infection had adverse effects on the average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens compared with those of the CON treatment on d 7, decreased the spleen and bursa of fabricius relative weights (except on d 21), serum immunoglobulin A (IgA),immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations, and spleen melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and laboratory of genetics and physiology gene 2 (LGP2) mRNA expression levels, and increased the mRNA expression levels of spleen Nodinitib-1 (NOD1), Toll-like receptors 2,4 (TLR2, TLR4), DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors (DAI), mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), P50, P65, and RelB on d 4, 7, 14, and 21. Supplementation with Gln improved the relative weights of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius (except on d 21), increased the serum IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations and the mRNA expression levels of spleen MDA5 and LGP2, and decreased the mRNA expression levels of spleen NOD1, TLR2, TLR4, DAI, MAVS, P50, P65, and RelB of S. pullorum-challenged broiler chickens. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Gln might stimulate the systemic innate immune responses of the spleen in broiler chickens challenged with S. pullorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jue Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China.
| | - Long Long Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Rong Kai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Zhong Ying Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Jia Hui Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Nai Zhi Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Bin Yao Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
| | - Yu Qin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan, 471003, China
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Bansal A, Kooi C, Kalyanaraman K, Gill S, Thorne A, Chandramohan P, Necker-Brown A, Mostafa MM, Milani A, Leigh R, Newton R. Synergy between Interleukin-1 β, Interferon- γ, and Glucocorticoids to Induce TLR2 Expression Involves NF- κB, STAT1, and the Glucocorticoid Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 105:23-38. [PMID: 37863662 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids act via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR; NR3C1) to downregulate inflammatory gene expression and are effective treatments for mild to moderate asthma. However, in severe asthma and virus-induced exacerbations, glucocorticoid therapies are less efficacious, possibly due to reduced repressive ability and/or the increased expression of proinflammatory genes. In human A549 epithelial and primary human bronchial epithelial cells, toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 mRNA and protein were supra-additively induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plus dexamethasone (IL-1β+Dex), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) plus dexamethasone (IFN-γ+Dex), and IL-1β plus IFN-γ plus dexamethasone (IL-1β+IFN-γ+Dex). Indeed, ∼34- to 2100-fold increases were apparent at 24 hours for IL-1β+IFN-γ+Dex, and this was greater than for any single or dual treatment. Using the A549 cell model, TLR2 induction by IL-1β+IFN-γ+Dex was antagonized by Org34517, a competitive GR antagonist. Further, when combined with IL-1β, IFN-γ, or IL-1β+IFN-γ, the enhancements by dexamethasone on TLR2 expression required GR. Likewise, inhibitor of κB kinase 2 inhibitors reduced IL-1β+IFN-γ+Dex-induced TLR2 expression, and TLR2 expression induced by IL-1β+Dex, with or without IFN-γ, required the nuclear factor (NF)-κB subunit, p65. Similarly, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1 phosphorylation and γ-interferon-activated sequence-dependent transcription were induced by IFN-γ These, along with IL-1β+IFN-γ+Dex-induced TLR2 expression, were inhibited by Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. As IL-1β+IFN-γ+Dex-induced TLR2 expression also required STAT1, this study reveals cooperation between JAK-STAT1, NF-κB, and GR to upregulate TLR2 expression. Since TLR2 agonism elicits inflammatory responses, we propose that synergies involving TLR2 may occur within the cytokine milieu present in the immunopathology of glucocorticoid-resistant disease, and this could promote glucocorticoid resistance. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study highlights that in human pulmonary epithelial cells, glucocorticoids, when combined with the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), can synergistically induce the expression of inflammatory genes, such as TLR2. This effect involved positive combinatorial interactions between NF-κB/p65, glucocorticoid receptor, and JAK-STAT1 signaling to synergistically upregulate TLR2 expression. Thus, synergies involving glucocorticoid enhancement of TLR2 expression may occur in the immunopathology of glucocorticoid-resistant inflammatory diseases, including severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Bansal
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cora Kooi
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keerthana Kalyanaraman
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sachman Gill
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew Thorne
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Priyanka Chandramohan
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amandah Necker-Brown
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mahmoud M Mostafa
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arya Milani
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Leigh
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Newton
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Jin Z, Jin Q, Chen M, Liu W, Hong H, Jiang Y, Gao X, Qian Y, Wang Z, Liu Q, Wei Z. Toxoplasma gondii-induced neutrophil extracellular traps are relevant to glycolysis, TLR2, and TLR4 MAPK signaling pathway in goats. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:34. [PMID: 38087003 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) exhibits a significantly high prevalence of infection in goats, leading to adverse consequences such as abortion and stillbirth in ewes, thereby posing a substantial challenge to the goat farming industry. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been shown to capture T. gondii in goats; however, the precise mechanisms underlying NET release in goats remain poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of our research was to elucidate the involved mechanism. We assessed the cytotoxicity of T. gondii on neutrophils using CCK-8 assay, visualized the structure of T. gondii-induced goat NETs through immunofluorescence, quantified ROS release during T. gondii-induced NET formation using fluorescence microplate analysis, and employed inhibitors targeting TLR 2, TLR4, NADPH oxidase, ERK1/2, and P38 MAPK signaling pathways as well as glycolysis to dissect the mechanisms underlying T. gondii-induced NET release. Within 1 h, T. gondii did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity towards neutrophils in our findings. The formation of typical NET structures induced by T. gondii involved DNA, citrullinated histone 3 (citH3), and neutrophil elastase (NE). Additionally, T. gondii significantly stimulated the release of NETs in goats. The process was accompanied by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated through NADPH oxidase, p38, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Inhibition of these pathways resulted in a decrease in NET release. Moreover, inhibition of TLR 2, TLR4, and glycolysis also led to a reduction in T. gondii-induced NET release. Overall, our study demonstrates that T. gondii can induce characteristic NET structures and elucidates the involvement of various mechanisms including TLR2/TLR4 signaling pathway activation, NADPH oxidase activity modulation via ROS production regulation through p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, and glycolysis regulation during the innate immune response against T. gondii infection in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zha Jin
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Jin
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyi Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrong Hong
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Qian
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zedong Wang
- Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, International Center of Future Science, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130122, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengkai Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Jung MS, Piazuelo MB, Brackman LC, McClain MS, Algood HMS. Essential role of Helicobacter pylori apolipoprotein N-acyltransferase (Lnt) in stomach colonization. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0036923. [PMID: 37937999 PMCID: PMC10715074 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00369-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipoproteins are post-translationally modified with acyl chains, anchoring these proteins to bacterial membranes. In Gram-negative bacteria, three enzymes complete the modifications. Lgt (which adds two acyl chains) and LspA (which removes the signal peptide) are essential. Lnt (which adds a third acyl chain) is not essential in certain bacteria including Francisella tularensis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Deleting lnt results in mild to severe physiologic changes. We previously showed lnt is not essential for Helicobacter pylori growth in vitro. Here, the physiologic consequences of deleting lnt in H. pylori and the role of Lnt in the host response to H. pylori were examined using in vitro and in vivo models. Comparing wild-type, Δlnt, and complemented mutant H. pylori, no changes in growth rates or sensitivity to acid or antibiotics were observed. Since deleting lnt changes the number of acyl chains on lipoproteins and the number of acyl chains on lipoproteins impacts the innate immune response through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling, primary human gastric epithelial cells were treated with a purified lipoprotein from wild-type or lnt mutant H. pylori. Differential gene expression analysis indicated that lipoprotein from the lnt mutant induced a more robust TLR2 response. In a complementary approach, we infected wild-type and Tlr2-/- mice and found that both the wild-type and complemented mutant strains successfully colonized the animals. However, the lnt mutant strain was unable to colonize either mouse strain. These results show that lnt is essential for H. pylori colonization and identifies lipoprotein synthesis as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Jung
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lee C. Brackman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark S. McClain
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Holly M. Scott Algood
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Wang S, Jiang D, Huang F, Qian Y, Qi M, Li H, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang K, Wang Y, Du P, Zhan B, Zhou R, Chu L, Yang X. Therapeutic effect of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid on bacterial sepsis in mice. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:450. [PMID: 38066526 PMCID: PMC10709918 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary pathophysiological process of sepsis is to stimulate a massive release of inflammatory mediators to trigger systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), the major cause of multi-organ dysfunction and death. Like other helminths, Echinococcus granulosus induces host immunomodulation. We sought to determine whether E. granulosus cyst fluid (EgCF) displays a therapeutic effect on sepsis-induced inflammation and tissue damage in a mouse model. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects of EgCF were determined by in vitro culture with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and in vivo treatment of BALB/C mice with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. The macrophage phenotypes were determined by flow cytometry, and the levels of cytokines in cell supernatants or in sera of mice were measured (ELISA). The therapeutic effect of EgCF on sepsis was evaluated by observing the survival rates of mice for 72 h after CLP, and the pathological injury to the liver, kidney, and lung was measured under a microscope. The expression of TLR-2/MyD88 in tissues was measured by western blot to determine whether TLR-2/MyD88 is involved in the sepsis-induced inflammatory signaling pathway. RESULTS In vitro culture with BMDMs showed that EgCF promoted macrophage polarization to M2 type and inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 macrophages. EgCF treatment provided significant therapeutic effects on CLP-induced sepsis in mice, with increased survival rates and alleviation of tissue injury. The EgCF conferred therapeutic efficacy was associated with upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and INF-γ). Treatment with EgCF induced Arg-1-expressed M2, and inhibited iNOS-expressed M1 macrophages. The expression of TLR-2 and MyD88 in EgCF-treated mice was reduced. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that EgCF confers a therapeutic effect on sepsis by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing regulatory cytokines. The anti-inflammatory effect of EgCF is carried out possibly through inducing macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 to regulatory M2 phenotype to reduce excessive inflammation of sepsis and subsequent multi-organ damage. The role of EgCF in regulating macrophage polarization may be achieved by inhibiting the TLR2/MyD88 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Anqing First People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000, China
| | - Donghui Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Yayun Qian
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Meitao Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, Anqing First People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Kaigui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Pengfei Du
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bin Zhan
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rui Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Liang Chu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China.
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Peng X, Wang J, Li Z, Jia X, Zhang A, Ju J, Eulenburg V, Gao F. Toll-like Receptor 2-Melatonin Feedback Loop Regulates the Activation of Spinal NLRP3 Inflammasome in Morphine-Tolerant Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3597-3609. [PMID: 37561258 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Morphine is amongst the most effective analgesics available for the management of severe pain. However, prolonged morphine treatment leads to analgesic tolerance which limits its clinical usage. Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin ameliorates morphine tolerance by reducing neuroinflammation. However, little is known about the relationship between Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and neuroinflammation in morphine tolerance. The aim of this study was to explore the role of TLR2 in morphine tolerance and its connections with melatonin and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with morphine for 7 days and tail-flick latency test was performed to identify the induction of analgesic tolerance. The roles of TLR2 in microglia activation and morphine tolerance were assessed pharmacologically, and the possible interactions between melatonin, TLR2 and NLRP3 inflammasome were investigated. KEY RESULTS Morphine tolerance was accompanied by increased TLR2 expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in spinal cord. whereas melatonin level was down-regulated. Chronic melatonin administration resulted in a reduced TLR2 expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, the analgesic effect of morphine was partially restored. Inhibition of TLR2 suppressed the microglia and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as well as restored the spinal melatonin level while attenuated the development of morphine tolerance. Furthermore, the inhibition of microglia activation ameliorated morphine tolerance via inhibiting TLR2-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in spinal cord. CONCLUSION In this study, we directly demonstrate a TLR2-melatonin negative feedback loop regulating microglia and NLRP3 inflammasome activation during the development of morphine tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoqian Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jie Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Volker Eulenburg
- Department for Translational Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Augsburg, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Patidar A, Shukla D, Bodhale N, Saha B. TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR9 and TLR11 expression on effector CD4 + T-cell subsets in Leishmania donovani infection. Exp Parasitol 2023; 255:108645. [PMID: 37949424 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
T-cells play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. While activation of T-cells is major histocompatibility-restricted, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)- a family of proteins that recognize conserved molecular patterns present on the pathogens-are not well-studied for their expression and function in T-cells. As any association of TLR expression profiles with an effector T-cell subset is unknown, we analyze BALB/c mice-derived CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells' TLR expression profiles. We report: CD4+t-bet+ T-cells are frequent in TLR2LowTLR3HighTLR4Low subpopulation, CD4+GATA3+ T-cells are frequent within the cells with intermediate expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR11, CD4+FoxP3+ T-cells in TLR2HighTLR3High cells whereas CD4+RORγt + T-cells are frequent in TLR2LowTLR3LowTLR4LowTLR11Low cells. CD4+ effector T-cell subsets may therefore show association with TLRs- TLR3, in particular-expression. In Leishmania donovani infection in BALB/c mice, TLR3 expression on both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells is reduced. Poly-I:C, a TLR3 ligand, do not have any distinctive effects on the CD4+ effector T-cell subsets. These data suggest that TLRs on T-cells may not function as a primary receptor that controls T-cell function but their distinctive expression profiles on different T-cell subsets suggest plausible immunomodulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Patidar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Divanshu Shukla
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Neelam Bodhale
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.
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Zhang L, Sun Y, Yang Z, Xia P. Asarinin inhibits immunological rejection via the Toll-like receptor-myeloid differentiation factor 88 signaling pathway in vitro. Transpl Immunol 2023; 81:101949. [PMID: 37918581 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Asarinin has been found to prolong allograft survival and inhibit post-transplant immune rejection via the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. However, the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Therefore, elucidating the possible pathophysiological role of asarinin in the TLR signaling pathway is essential. Here, dendritic cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley® rats and cultured with splenocytes from Wistar rats treated with asarinin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and/or dimethyl sulfoxide. mRNA expression of TLR-2, TLR-4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 levels were examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. LPS resulted in an increase in the expression of TLR-2 rather than TLR-4 and MyD88. Furthermore, it inhibited the secretion of IL-6 and IL-12. MyD88 can be silenced after lentiviral transduction, and LPS can activate MyD88, whereas asarinin can inhibit this kind of activation. The effect of LPS and asarinin on TLR-4 could only be achieved when MyD88 was not silenced by lentivirus transduction. Therefore, asarinin might suppress TLR-4-mediated activation via the MyD88-dependent pathway. Overall, asarinin has a pre-application effect in inhibiting graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China
| | - Yanxia Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China
| | - Ping Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Longhua People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China
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Tan S, Yu H, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Lou G. Hypoxic tumour-derived exosomal miR-1225-5p regulates M2 macrophage polarisation via toll-like receptor 2 to promote ovarian cancer progress. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2281226. [PMID: 38010845 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2281226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-secreted exosomes are critical for the functional regulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This study aimed to explore how exosomes secreted by ovarian carcinoma cells regulate the phenotype and function of macrophages. Hypoxic treatment of A2780 cells was postulated to mimic the tumor microenvironment, and exosomes were co-cultured with TAMs. miR-1225-5p was enriched in hypoxic exosomes and contributed to M2 macrophage polarizationby modulating Toll-like receptor 2 expression (TLR2). Furthermore, hypoxia-treated macrophages promote ovarian cancer cell viability, migration, and invasion via the wnt/β-catenin pathway. This study clarified that exosomal miR-1225-5p promotes macrophage M2-like polarization by targeting TLR2 to promote ovarian cancer, which may via the wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Tan
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Nangang District of Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaocong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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