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Draeger E, Roberts K, Decker RD, Bahar N, Wilson LD, Contessa J, Husain Z, Williams BB, Flood AB, Swartz HM, Carlson DJ. In Vivo Verification of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Biodosimetry Using Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy Treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 119:292-301. [PMID: 38072322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) biodosimetry, used to triage large numbers of individuals incidentally exposed to unknown doses of ionizing radiation, is based on detecting a stable physical response in the body that is subject to quantifiable variation after exposure. In vivo measurement is essential to fully characterize the radiation response relevant to a living tooth measured in situ. The purpose of this study was to verify EPR spectroscopy in vivo by estimating the radiation dose received in participants' teeth. METHODS AND MATERIALS A continuous wave L-band spectrometer was used for EPR measurements. Participants included healthy volunteers and patients undergoing head and neck and total body irradiation treatments. Healthy volunteers completed 1 measurement each, and patients underwent measurement before starting treatment and between subsequent fractions. Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters and diodes were used to determine the dose delivered to the teeth to validate EPR measurements. RESULTS Seventy measurements were acquired from 4 total body irradiation and 6 head and neck patients over 15 months. Patient data showed a linear increase of EPR signal with delivered dose across the dose range tested. A linear least-squares weighted fit of the data gave a statistically significant correlation between EPR signal and absorbed dose (P < .0001). The standard error of inverse prediction (SEIP), used to assess the usefulness of fits, was 1.92 Gy for the dose range most relevant for immediate triage (≤7 Gy). Correcting for natural background radiation based on patient age reduced the SEIP to 1.51 Gy. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the feasibility of using spectroscopic measurements from radiation therapy patients to validate in vivo EPR biodosimetry. The data illustrated a statistically significant correlation between the magnitude of EPR signals and absorbed dose. The SEIP of 1.51 Gy, obtained under clinical conditions, indicates the potential value of this technique in response to large radiation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Draeger
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Kenneth Roberts
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Roy D Decker
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nina Bahar
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lynn D Wilson
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joseph Contessa
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zain Husain
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin B Williams
- Department of Radiology & EPR Center, Geisel Medical School at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- Department of Radiology & EPR Center, Geisel Medical School at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Harold M Swartz
- Department of Radiology & EPR Center, Geisel Medical School at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - David J Carlson
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Prasad P, Jaber M, Y. D, Ramani P, Arafat A, Khairy A. SRY gene isolation from teeth for forensic gender identification-An observational study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294751. [PMID: 38170699 PMCID: PMC10763931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Personal identification in forensics is possible with gender determination using DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) analysis. DNA isolation from teeth samples subjected to extreme temperatures has been shown to predict the gender of the deceased. However, the literature lacks studies on DNA extracted from tooth samples exposed to freezing temperatures. This study aimed to isolate the SRY gene from the extirpated pulp of teeth that were subjected to varying temperatures for gender identification. Thirty teeth with vital pulps, divided into 3 groups were included in the study. Each group consisted of 5 male and 5 female tooth samples. The groups were exposed to diverse environmental factors for three weeks. Group 1: room temperature (R group); Group 2: high temperature (H group) and Group 3: freezing temperature (F group). Later, DNA was isolated from the pulp tissue, and the SRY gene was amplified using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). The Sensitivity and Specificity of the results were analyzed. SRY gene detected in the study samples identified accurate gender with a 46.70% Sensitivity and 93.30% Specificity. Significant difference was found in the correlation between gene expression and gender among the three groups (p = 1.000). The study validates that dental pulp tissue can be a reliable source for DNA extraction. And SRY gene amplification from teeth exposed to diverse environmental conditions. Further investigations are required to validate its application in forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathibha Prasad
- Basic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Jaber
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dinesh Y.
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Saveetha University, Thandalam, India
| | - Prathibha Ramani
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Saveetha University, Thandalam, India
| | | | - Abdalla Khairy
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Sudron EL, Kinaston RL, Cawte H, Kleffmann T, Kumar A, Kramer R, Stirling C, Reid M, Barr D, McStay A, Lawrence M, King K, Halcrow SE. Extracting the truth through chemical analyses: Early life histories of Victorian-era dental patients in Aotearoa New Zealand. Am J Biol Anthropol 2024; 183:141-156. [PMID: 37925739 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are few bioarcheological analyses of life experiences in colonial period Aotearoa New Zealand, despite this being a time of major adaptation and social change. In our study, early life histories are constructed from multi-isotope and enamel peptide analysis of permanent first molars associated with Victorian era dental practices operating between AD 1881 and 1905 in Invercargill. Chemical analyses of the teeth provide insight into the childhood feeding practices, diet, and mobility of the people who had their teeth extracted. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four permanent left mandibular first molars were analyzed from a cache of teeth discovered at the Leviathan Gift Depot site during excavations in 2019. The methods used were: (1) enamel peptide analysis to assess chromosomal sex; (2) bulk (δ13 Ccarbonate ) and incremental (δ13 Ccollagen and δ15 N) isotope analysis of dentin to assess childhood diet; and (3) strontium (87 Sr/86 Sr) and oxygen (δ18 O) isotope analysis of enamel to assess childhood residency. Two modern permanent first molars from known individuals were analyzed as controls. RESULTS The archaeological teeth were from three chromosomal males and one female. The protein and whole diets were predominately based on C3 -plants and domestic animal products (meat and milk). A breastfeeding signal was only identified in one historic male. All individuals likely had childhood residences in Aotearoa. DISCUSSION Unlike most bioarcheological studies that rely on the remains of the dead, the teeth analysed in this study were extracted from living people. We suggest that the dental patients were likely second or third generation colonists to Aotearoa, with fairly similar childhood diets. They were potentially lower-class individuals either living in, or passing through, the growing colonial center of Invercargill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Sudron
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Centre for Social and Cultural Research, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Kinaston
- Centre for Social and Cultural Research, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- BioArch South, Waitati, New Zealand
| | - Hayden Cawte
- New Zealand Heritage Properties, Dunedin and Invercargill, New Zealand
| | - Torsten Kleffmann
- Centre for Protein Research, Research Infrastructure Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- North Region Environmental, California Department of Transportation, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robyn Kramer
- Centre for Trace Element Analysis, Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Claudine Stirling
- Centre for Trace Element Analysis, Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Malcolm Reid
- Centre for Trace Element Analysis, Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Barr
- Centre for Trace Element Analysis, Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amy McStay
- New Zealand Heritage Properties, Dunedin and Invercargill, New Zealand
| | - Megan Lawrence
- New Zealand Heritage Properties, Dunedin and Invercargill, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn King
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Siân E Halcrow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Haarkötter C, Saiz M, Gálvez X, Vinueza-Espinosa DC, Medina-Lozano MI, Lorente JA, Álvarez JC. Performance comparison of four qPCR and three autosomal STR commercial kits from degraded skeletal remains. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 353:111856. [PMID: 37863006 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
This research evaluates the current DNA quantification (Quantifiler™ Trio, PowerQuant®, Investigator® Quantiplex® Pro and InnoQuant® HY Fast) and autosomal STRs amplification kits (GlobalFiler™, PowerPlex® Fusion 6 C, Investigator® 24Plex QS) using 62 degraded skeletal remains from armed conflicts (petrous bone, femur, tibia, and tooth) with several parameters (autosomal small, large, and male target, degradation index, probability of degradation, number of alleles above analytical threshold, number of alleles above stochastic threshold, RFU, peak height ratio, number of reportable loci). The best qPCR/autosomal STRs amplification tandem was determined by comparing quantification results by a DNA quantity estimation based on sample average RFU. InnoQuant® HY Fast was the most sensitive kit, and no significative differences were observed among amplification kits; however, Investigator® 24 Plex QS was found to be the most sensitive in our samples. That is why InnoQuant™ and Investigator® 24Plex QS were determined to be the best tandem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Haarkötter
- University of Granada, Laboratory of Genetic Identification. Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Avd. de la Investigación 11- 18016 - PTS, Granada, Spain
| | - María Saiz
- University of Granada, Laboratory of Genetic Identification. Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Avd. de la Investigación 11- 18016 - PTS, Granada, Spain.
| | - Xiomara Gálvez
- University of Granada, Laboratory of Genetic Identification. Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Avd. de la Investigación 11- 18016 - PTS, Granada, Spain
| | - Diana C Vinueza-Espinosa
- University of Granada, Laboratory of Genetic Identification. Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Avd. de la Investigación 11- 18016 - PTS, Granada, Spain
| | - María Isabel Medina-Lozano
- University of Granada, Laboratory of Genetic Identification. Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Avd. de la Investigación 11- 18016 - PTS, Granada, Spain
| | - José Antonio Lorente
- University of Granada, Laboratory of Genetic Identification. Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Avd. de la Investigación 11- 18016 - PTS, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Álvarez
- University of Granada, Laboratory of Genetic Identification. Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Avd. de la Investigación 11- 18016 - PTS, Granada, Spain
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Gregoricka LA, Baker BJ. Investigating mobility and pastoralism in Kerma-period communities upstream of the fourth cataract, Sudan. Am J Biol Anthropol 2023; 182:279-299. [PMID: 37539620 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Kingdom of Kush in today's northern Sudan and southern Egypt (ancient Nubia) is often depicted as a secondary state relative to ancient Egypt. More recent investigations have set aside Egyptocentric and western, colonialist perspectives of state development focused on control of land and agricultural surplus, examining Kushites through the lens of African-based models of mobile pastoralism in which power and authority were achieved through control of herds and alliance-building. Here, analyses of radiogenic strontium isotopes in human dental enamel are used to investigate diachronic shifts in mobility patterns linked to pastoralism and state development during the Kerma period (ca. 2500-1100 BCE). MATERIALS AND METHODS From five cemetery sites around al Qinifab, Sudan, upstream of the capital at Kerma, we analyzed the strontium isotope ratios of 50 teeth from 27 individuals dating from the Early through Late Kerma phases. RESULTS Individuals from the Early and Middle Kerma phases demonstrated considerable 87 Sr/86 Sr ratio variability (mean = 0.70835 ± 0.00109), with 50% falling outside the locally bioavailable strontium range. Conversely, most Classic (0.70756 ± 0.00043) and Late Kerma (0.70755 ± 0.00036) individuals exhibited ratios consistent with the local region. DISCUSSION These changes indicate a potential transformation in subsistence strategies and social organization as early communities engaged in a more mobile lifestyle than later groups, suggesting a greater degree of pastoralism followed by declining mobility with Kushite state coalescence and a shift to agropastoralism. Because 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios from enamel reflect childhood geographic residence, these findings indicate that mobility likely involved extended family groups, and not just transhumant adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Gregoricka
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, & Social Work, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Brenda J Baker
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Wang X, Zhang B, Sun Y, Ingman T, Eisenmann S, Lucas M, Scott E, Ilgner J, Wu G, le Roux P, Wu X, Zhang X, Fan A, Roberts P, Stockhammer PW. Isotopic and proteomic evidence for communal stability at Pre-Pottery Neolithic Jericho in the Southern Levant. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16360. [PMID: 37773428 PMCID: PMC10542335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the key, long-term occupied sites in the Southern Levant, Jericho was one of the most important early Neolithic centres to witness social and economic changes associated with the domestication of plants and animals. This study applies strontium (87Sr/86Sr), oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope analyses to the enamel of 52 human teeth from Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) layers of Jericho to directly study human diet and mobility and investigate the degree of consolidation and the flexibility of social organization of Jericho society in the PPN period. The results indicate only two non-local individuals out of the 44 sampled inhabitants identified by strontium isotope analysis and are consistent with the presence of a largely sedentary community at PPN Jericho with no evidence for large-scale migration. We also construct strontium spatial baselines (87Sr/86Sr map) with local 87Sr/86Sr signatures for the sites across the Southern Levant based on systematic compilation and analysis of available data. In addition, we apply proteomic analysis of sex-specific amelogenin peptides in tooth enamel for sex estimation of the sampled individuals (n = 44), the results of which showed a sex-biased ratio (more male than female detected in this sample pool) in Jericho society during the PPN period, which may be due to the limited sample size or selective ritual practices like particular burial zones used for specific groups. We also pretreated a batch of human bone samples recovered from PPNB Jericho for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses for dietary investigations. However, the extracted collagen showed poor preservation and no valid δ13C or δ15N data were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Wang
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539, Munich, Germany
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Baoshuai Zhang
- USTC Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Tara Ingman
- Koç University Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations (ANAMED), Istanbul, 34433, Turkey
| | - Stefanie Eisenmann
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Theology, Humboldt University of Berlin, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mary Lucas
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Erin Scott
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Ilgner
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Gao Wu
- Core Facility Center for Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Petrus le Roux
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- School of History, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Xingxiang Zhang
- USTC Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Anchuan Fan
- USTC Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- isoTROPIC Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Philipp W Stockhammer
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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7
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Rahmat RA, Humphries MA, Saedon NA, Self PG, Linacre AMT. Diagnostic models to predict nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA recovery from incinerated teeth. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:1353-1360. [PMID: 37306739 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Teeth are frequently used for human identification from burnt remains, as the structure of a tooth is resilient against heat exposure. The intricate composition of hydroxyapatite (HA) mineral and collagen in teeth favours DNA preservation compared to soft tissues. Regardless of the durability, the integrity of the DNA structure in teeth can still be disrupted when exposed to heat. Poor DNA quality can negatively affect the success of DNA analysis towards human identification. The process of isolating DNA from biological samples is arduous and costly. Thus, an informative pre-screening method that could aid in selecting samples that can potentially yield amplifiable DNA would be of excellent value. A multiple linear regression model to predict the DNA content in incinerated pig teeth was developed based on the colourimetry, HA crystallite size and quantified nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. The chromaticity a* was found to be a significant predictor of the regression model. This study outlines a method to predict the viability of extracting nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from pig teeth that were exposed to a wide range of temperatures (27 to 1000 °C) with high accuracy (99.5-99.7%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiah A Rahmat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Melissa A Humphries
- School and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5006, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nor A Saedon
- Forensic DNA Division, Forensic Science Analysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, Selangor, 46661, Malaysia
| | - Peter G Self
- CSIRO, Land and Water, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Adrian M T Linacre
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia
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Austin C, Kumar P, Carter EA, Lee J, Smith TM, Hinde K, Arora M, Lay PA. Stress exposure histories revealed by biochemical changes along accentuated lines in teeth. Chemosphere 2023; 329:138673. [PMID: 37054846 PMCID: PMC10167648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The regular incremental secretion of enamel and dentine can be interrupted during periods of stress resulting in accentuated growth lines. These accentuated lines, visible under light microscopy, provide a chronology of an individual's stress exposure. Previously, we showed that small biochemical changes along accentuated growth lines detected by Raman spectroscopy, coincided with the timing of medical history events and disruptions of weight trajectory in teeth from captive macaques. Here, we translate those techniques to study biochemical changes related to illness and prolonged medical treatment during early infancy in humans. Chemometric analysis revealed biochemical changes related to known stress-induced changes in circulating phenylalanine as well as other biomolecules. Changes in phenylalanine are also known to affect biomineralization which is reflected in changes in the wavenumbers of hydroxyapatite phosphate bands associated with stress in the crystal lattice. Raman spectroscopy mapping of teeth is an objective, minimally-destructive technique that can aid in the reconstruction of an individual's stress response history and provide important information on the mixture of circulating biochemicals associated with medical conditions, as applied in epidemiological and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Austin
- Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Carter
- Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia; School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Joonsup Lee
- Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia; School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Tanya M Smith
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; Griffith Centre for Social and Cultural Research, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Katie Hinde
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA; Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Peter A Lay
- Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia; School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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9
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Rey-Iglesia A, Wilson T, Routledge J, Skovrind M, Garde E, Heide-Jørgensen MP, Szpak P, Lorenzen ED. Combining δ13C and δ15N from bone and dentine in marine mammal palaeoecological research: insights from toothed whales. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2023; 59:66-77. [PMID: 36445837 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2022.2145285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic compositions of bone and dentine collagen extracted from museum specimens have been widely used to study the paleoecology of past populations. Due to possible systematic differences in stable isotope values between bone and dentine, dentine values need to be transformed into bone-collagen equivalent using a correction factor to allow comparisons between the two collagen sources. Here, we provide correction factors to transform dentine δ13C and δ15N values into bone-collagen equivalent for two toothed whales: narwhal and beluga. We sampled bone and dentine from the skulls of 11 narwhals and 26 belugas. In narwhals, dentine was sampled from tusk and embedded tooth; in belugas, dentine was sampled from tooth. δ13C and δ15N were measured, and intra-individual bone and dentine isotopic compositions were used to calculate correction factors for each species. We detected differences in δ13C and δ15N. In both narwhals and belugas, we found lower average δ13C and δ15N in bone compared with dentine. The correction factors provided by the study enable the combined analysis of stable isotope data from bone and dentine in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mikkel Skovrind
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Garde
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Serna A, Bataille CP, Prates L, Mange E, le Roux P, Salazar-García DC. Small-scale mobility fostering the interaction networks of Patagonian (Argentina) hunter-gatherers during the Late Holocene: Perspectives from strontium isotopes and exotic items. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281089. [PMID: 36791072 PMCID: PMC9931128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During the Late Holocene, hunter-gatherer interaction networks significantly grew in intensity and extension across Patagonia. Although this growth is evidenced by the increased flow of exotic items across the region, the mechanisms behind these strengthening social networks remain unclear. Since evidence suggests that some individuals might have performed long-distance trips, this article aims to address the potential relationship between these individuals and the flows of exotic items in North Patagonia. We analyzed 54 enamel teeth for strontium isotopes and reconstructed their probable mobility using mixed-effect models and isotope-based geographic assignments. We inferred population and individual mobility trends and compared them against the flow of exotic items built from a standardized compilation. Our results indicate that most individuals have isotopic composition compatible with residence within their burial and surrounding areas. However, a few individuals show isotopic composition incompatible with their burial areas, which suggests axes -from the burial location to the most likely isotope integration area- of extraordinary mobility. At the same time, the flows of exotic items overlap with these axes around the eastern sector of the study area suggesting that this location could have been a central point of convergence for people and items. We argue that small-scale socially driven mobility could have played a relevant role as a general mechanism of interaction that fostered and materialized Patagonian interaction networks during the Late Holocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Serna
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Clément P. Bataille
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luciano Prates
- División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Mange
- División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Petrus le Roux
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Domingo C. Salazar-García
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia I Història Antiga, Universitat de València, València, València, Spain
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11
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Machoy-Mokrzyńska A, Kupnicka P, Barczak K, Korbecki J, Gutowska I, Sobolewska E, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Distribution of Elements in Beaver (Castor fiber) Tooth Enamel as a Sign of Environmental Adaptation: the Special Role of Fe, Co, Mg, and Fluorides (F -). Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:728-738. [PMID: 35551604 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, P, Zn, Na, K, Cu, Cr, Mo, Co, Se) analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and fluorides (F-) determined potentiometrically using an ion-selective electrode in the enamel of European beaver (Castor fiber) teeth. Material for the study was tooth enamel collected from lower jaws from the skulls of the animals borrowed from museum collections (animals inhabited north-western Poland). The results of our study indicate the important role of F- as an element that can affect the hardness and strength of beaver tooth enamel. Critical to the function of beaver teeth (i.e., shearing and crushing wood) is the presence of elements such as Fe in the central incisor labial aspect (orange layer of the incisor enamel), Mg in the inner side of the incisor enamel, and Co and F- in the enamel of the molars. Thanks to the high content of these elements, the enamel is durable and the teeth are adapted to the nutritional and ecological characteristics of this mammalian species. Our study on the distribution of elements in the enamel of beaver teeth may also be important for the understanding of the enamel mineralization processes, determining how elements change the properties of the materials, and exploring the relationship between the environment and life history of the beaver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Machoy-Mokrzyńska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Sobolewska
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
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12
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Velenko PS, Poletaeva MP, Bychkov AA, Sheptulin DA, Gavrilova EA. [Chromatographic analysis of hard tooth tissue to determine the age of personality]. Sud Med Ekspert 2023; 66:58-61. [PMID: 37496484 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20236604158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical approach for age assessment is most appropriate in forensic medicine, as racemization of aspartic acid in bones and teeth is closely related to human biological age. The aim of the study is to assess the biochemical parameters of aspartic acid in human teeth, which can be implemented into forensic practice in Russia. Samples of dentin in amount of 20, taken from the teeth of subjects aged between 16 and 76, were examined. Chromatographic analysis of the samples was performed on a gas chromatograph using chiral column. Statistical data processing showed that the relative squared peak of D-aspartic acid has a strong correlation with human biological age. Data, obtained from the Russian population study, demonstrate the applicability of chromatography for forensic purposes. It should be noted that the approach to the racemization rate estimation in the hard tooth tissue was performed using standard laboratory equipment, which allows to easily implement this method in forensic medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Velenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Bureau of Forensic Medicine of the Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - M P Poletaeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Bychkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Bureau of Forensic Medicine of the Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Sheptulin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Gavrilova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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13
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Cheung C, Fernández‐Crespo T, Mion L, Di Giusto M, Goude G, Macdonald RA, Richards MP, Herrscher E. Micro-punches versus micro-slices for serial sampling of human dentine: Striking a balance between improved temporal resolution and measuring additional isotope systems. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2022; 36:e9380. [PMID: 35986908 PMCID: PMC9787592 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in the application of serial sampling of human dentine in archaeology. Rapid development in the field has provided many improvements in the methodology, in terms of both time resolution as well as the ability to integrate more isotope systems in the analysis. This study provides a comparison of two common sampling approaches, allowing researchers to select the most suitable approach for addressing specific research questions. METHODS Two common approaches for sequential sampling of human dentine (micro-punches and micro-slices) are compared in terms of viability and efficacy. Using archaeological deciduous second molars and permanent first molars, this study demonstrates how the two approaches capture aspects of the weaning process in different ways. In addition, different aspects related to the extraction protocols, such as the thickness of the central slide and the solubilisation step, are also evaluated. RESULTS While both approaches show similar intra-tooth isotopic patterns, the micro-punches approach is preferable for research that requires a very fine temporal resolution, while the micro-slices approach is best for research where δ34 S values are needed, or when the samples are poorly preserved. In addition, the solubilisation step has a large effect on collagen yield, and, to a lesser extent, on isotopic compositions. Therefore, it is important to ensure that only samples that have undergone the same pre-treatment protocol are directly compared. CONCLUSIONS We present the pros and cons of the two micro-sampling approaches and offer possible mitigation strategies to address some of the most important issues related to each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cheung
- Eco‐anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de ParisParisFrance
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Minist Culture, LAMPEAAix‐en‐ProvenceFrance
- Research Unit: Analytical, Environmental & Geo‐Chemistry, Department of ChemistryVrije Universiteit Brussel, AMGC‐WE‐VUBBrusselsBelgium
- Maritime Cultures Research Institute, Department of Arts Science & ArchaeologyVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Teresa Fernández‐Crespo
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Minist Culture, LAMPEAAix‐en‐ProvenceFrance
- Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Antropología Social y Ciencias y Técnicas HistoriográficasUniversidad de ValladolidValladolidSpain
- School of ArchaeologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Leïa Mion
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Minist Culture, LAMPEAAix‐en‐ProvenceFrance
| | - Marina Di Giusto
- Museum of Archaeology and EthnologyUniversity of São PauloBrazil
| | - Gwenaëlle Goude
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Minist Culture, LAMPEAAix‐en‐ProvenceFrance
| | | | | | - Estelle Herrscher
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Minist Culture, LAMPEAAix‐en‐ProvenceFrance
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14
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Krings W, Brütt JO, Gorb SN. Micro-cracks and micro-fractures reveal radular tooth architecture and its functional significance in the paludomid gastropod Lavigeria grandis. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 380:20210335. [PMID: 35909353 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most molluscan taxa forage with their radula, a chitinous membrane with embedded teeth. The teeth are the actual interfaces between the animal and its ingesta and serve as load-transmitting regions. During foraging, these structures have to withstand high stresses without structural failure and without a high degree of wear. Mechanisms contributing to this failure- and wear-resistance were well studied in the heavily mineralized teeth of Polyplacophora and Patellogastropoda, but for the rather chitinous teeth of non-limpet snails, we are confronted with a large gap in data. The work presented here on the paludomid gastropod Lavigeria grandis aims to shed some light on radular tooth composition and its contribution to failure- and wear-prevention in this type of radula. The teeth were fractured and the micro-cracks studied in detail by scanning electron microscopy, revealing layers within the teeth. Two layers of distinct fibre densities and orientations were detected, covered by a thin layer containing high proportions of calcium and silicon, as determined by elemental dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our results clearly demonstrate the presence of failure- and wear-prevention mechanisms in snail radulae without the involvement of heavy mineralization-rendering this an example of a highly functional biological lightweight structure. This article is part of the theme issue 'Nanocracks in nature and industry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencke Krings
- Department of Behavioral Biology, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Palaeoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Ole Brütt
- Department of Behavioral Biology, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Palaeoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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15
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Curtis MJ, Beaumont J, Elamin F, Wilson AS, Koon HEC. Method of micro-sampling human dentine collagen for stable isotope analysis. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2022; 36:e9305. [PMID: 35362221 PMCID: PMC9286854 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sampling of dentine for stable carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) isotope ratios in the direction of tooth growth allows the study of temporal changes to the diet and physiological stress of an individual during tooth formation. Current methods of sampling permanent teeth using 1 mm increments provide temporal resolution of 6-9 months at best depending on the tooth chosen. Although this gives sufficient sample sizes for reliable analysis by mass spectrometry, sectioning the dentine across the incremental structures results in a rolling average of the isotope ratios. A novel method of incremental dentine collagen sampling has been developed to decrease the collagen increment size to 0.35 mm along the incremental structures, thus reducing averaging and improving the temporal resolution of short-term changes within the δ13 C and δ15 N values. METHODS This study presents data for a MicroMill-assisted sampling method that allows for sampling at 0.35 mm width × 1 mm depth increments following the incremental growth pattern of dentine. A NewWave MicroMill was used to sample the demineralised dentine section of modern donated human third molars from Sudan and compared to data from the same teeth using the 1 mm incremental sectioning method 2 established by Beaumont et al. RESULTS: The δ13 C and δ15 N isotopic data showed an increased temporal resolution, with each increment providing data for 2-4 months of dentine formation. CONCLUSIONS The data show the potential of this method for studying dietary reconstruction, nutritional stress, and physiological change with greater temporal resolution potentially to seasonal level and with less attenuation of the δ13 C and δ15 N values than was previously possible from human dentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi J. Curtis
- School of Archaeological and Forensic SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Julia Beaumont
- School of Archaeological and Forensic SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Fadil Elamin
- Institute of Dentistry, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Khartoum Centre for Research and Medical TrainingKhartoumSudan
| | - Andrew S. Wilson
- School of Archaeological and Forensic SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Hannah E. C. Koon
- School of Archaeological and Forensic SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
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16
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Sehrawat JS, Ahlawat B. Dental Anomalies as Identification Strategies for Unknown Human Remains: Literature Review and Applications. Forensic Sci Rev 2022; 34:107-129. [PMID: 35932485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The unique hard and resilient nature of human teeth makes them useful for various forensic odontological examinations. Structural alterations, cultural modifications, pathological variations, and restorative material make them excellent forensic indicators about biological identity of the unknown deceased or living individuals. Variations in the anatomical details of teeth may be imprinted by defective dental development, traumatic damages, pathologies, and nonmasticatory or weaponry use of teeth during an individual's lifetime. Such imprints can be used for comparisons and identification in forensic anthropology. Deliberate dental alterations/modifications and mutilations practiced due to cultural or esthetic purposes have been reported from some contemporary human population groups as well as from some ancient documented skeletal collections. Willful dental modifications have been most commonly done by filling, drilling, grooving, grinding, staining, and chipping. These dental features may be useful only for differentiation of varied anthropological populations, but their forensic utility cannot be ignored, particularly when antemortem dental records are available for comparisons. Various dental developmental anomalies and defects, restorations, pathological signatures, and occupational markers definitely corroborate other methods of forensic identifications, but cannot be used as sole criteria for individualization of unknown human remains retrieved in medicolegal scenarios. This review article attempts to glean information about various characteristic features of teeth and their forensic significance to aid identification of unknown human dental remains found in forensic contexts; its concluding emphasis focuses on the role of such dental individualities in identification strategies for human remains excavated from an abandoned ancient well situated underneath a religious structure at Ajnala (Amritsar), India. The unique dental features, extrinsic staining of anterior teeth, low frequency of dental pathologies, and notched incisors of those excavated remains were suggestive of them belonging to slain sepoy from an historic military regiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sehrawat
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Union Territory, India
| | - B Ahlawat
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Union Territory, India
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17
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McCormack MA, McFee WE, Whitehead HR, Piwetz S, Dutton J. Exploring the Use of SEM-EDS Analysis to Measure the Distribution of Major, Minor, and Trace Elements in Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Teeth. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2147-2159. [PMID: 34273061 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dolphin teeth contain enamel, dentin, and cementum. In dentin, growth layer groups (GLGs), deposited at incremental rates (e.g., annually), are used for aging. Major, minor, and trace elements are incorporated within teeth; their distribution within teeth varies, reflecting tooth function and temporal changes in an individual's exposure. This study used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to determine the distribution of major (e.g., Ca, P), minor (e.g., Cl, Mg, Na), and trace elements (e.g., Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn) in teeth from 12 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). The objective was to compare elemental distributions between enamel and dentin and across GLGs. Across all dolphins and point analyses, the following elements were detected in descending weight percentage (wt %; mean ± SE): O (40.8 ± 0.236), Ca (24.3 ± 0.182), C (14.3 ± 0.409), P (14.0 ± 0.095), Al (4.28 ± 0.295), Mg (1.89 ± 0.047), Na (0.666 ± 0.008), Cl (0.083 ± 0.003). Chlorine and Mg differed between enamel and dentin; Mg increased from the enamel towards the dentin while Cl decreased. The wt % of elements did not vary significantly across the approximate location of the GLGs. Except for Al, which may be due to backscatter from the SEM stub, we did not detect trace elements. Other trace elements, if present, are below the detection limit. Technologies with lower detection limits (e.g., laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)) would be required to confirm the presence and distribution of trace elements in bottlenose dolphin teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan A McCormack
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, Aquatic Station, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
| | - Wayne E McFee
- National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA
| | | | - Sarah Piwetz
- Texas Marine Mammal Stranding Network, Galveston, TX, 77551, USA
| | - Jessica Dutton
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, Aquatic Station, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
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18
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Mamaladze M, Jalabadze N, Chumburidze T, Svanishvili N, Vadachkoria D. X-RAY SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF DENTAL HARD TISSUE TRACE ELEMENTS (ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION). Georgian Med News 2022:204-210. [PMID: 35417886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of trace elements (microelements) in maintaining oral health has not been fully investigated and still remains the subject of research and discussion. Some trace elements contribute to the development of caries, while others, on the contrary, prevent formation of this process and accelerate the restoration of dental hard tissues. Penetration of trace elements into human dental structures via saliva, food, water and other routes contributes to the formation of carious diseases, or, conversely, its cessation and/or regression. Analyzing the studies allowed us to conclude that there is very scarce information available in the literature about the layered, zonal distribution of "vital" trace elements in healthy (intact) teeth dentin and enamel. However, to study the distribution of caries-static elements (Ca, F, P) on the enamel surface as well as in para-pulpal dentin is of great importance as well. It was aimed to identify trace elements in human teeth structures (enamel, dentin and cementum), as well as to determine their localization and concentration. To reach this objective, X-ray spectral analysis on 6 intact, extracted teeth has been performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Identification of trace elements was performed on the 6 sites/locations of these teeth: enamel surface layer, enamel thickness, enamel-dentin border, parapulpal dentin, root dentin, and cementum. As a result, it has been found that the distribution of essential trace elements in dental hard tissues is uneven, while such an important element in maintaining healthy teeth as Fluorine has been found in only minimal concentrations in hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mamaladze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Dental Clinic, Training and Research Center "UniDent", Strategic Development Center of Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - N Jalabadze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Dental Clinic, Training and Research Center "UniDent", Strategic Development Center of Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - T Chumburidze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Dental Clinic, Training and Research Center "UniDent", Strategic Development Center of Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - N Svanishvili
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Dental Clinic, Training and Research Center "UniDent", Strategic Development Center of Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - D Vadachkoria
- Tbilisi State Medical University, Dental Clinic, Training and Research Center "UniDent", Strategic Development Center of Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Ben Arous E, Philippe A, Shao Q, Richter D, Lenoble A, Mercier N, Richard M, Stoetzel E, Tombret O, El Hajraoui MA, Nespoulet R, Falguères C. An improved chronology for the Middle Stone Age at El Mnasra cave, Morocco. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261282. [PMID: 35148324 PMCID: PMC8836329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
North African coastal Middle Stone Age (MSA) sites are key to study the development and expansion of early H. sapiens. El Mnasra cave on the Atlantic coast of Morocco (Témara region) is a crucial site associated with MSA archaeological materials considered advanced cognitive hallmarks of behavioural innovation, such as numerous Nassariidae perforated shells, hematite pigments, bones industry and coastal resources exploitation. We provide new trapped-charges dates (OSL and combined US-ESR ages). Our Bayesian modelling strengthens the new lithostratigraphic interpretation of the cave stratigraphic units (US) and we propose an updated chronostratigraphic model for the Middle Stone Age archaeo-sequence of El Mnasra Cave. We confirm a human presence between 124-104 ka, earlier than what the previous OSL and US-ESR data showed. Our time range intervals allowed us to also extend the age of the MSA occupations considerably to the MIS 4/3 (~62-30 ka), marked by the disappearance of the Nassariidae perforated shells. Outstandingly, our model pushed back the age of the largest record of Nassariidae perforated shells and placed the age of their use by the Aterian groups at El Mnasra from the MIS 5d-5b (~115-94 ka).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslem Ben Arous
- Pan-African Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human Evolution, Jena, Germany
- Geochronology and Geology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain
- Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique (HNHP, UMR 7194)—Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, UPVD, Paris, France
| | - Anne Philippe
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques Jean Leray, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Qingfeng Shao
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Daniel Richter
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arnaud Lenoble
- De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, CNRS, Université Bordeaux, MCC, UMR 5199 PACEA, Pessac, France
| | - Norbert Mercier
- Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux, UMR 5060 CNRS, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Centre de Recherche en Physique Appliquée à l’Archéologie (CRP2A), Maison de l’Archéologie, Pessac, France
| | - Maïlys Richard
- Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux, UMR 5060 CNRS, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Centre de Recherche en Physique Appliquée à l’Archéologie (CRP2A), Maison de l’Archéologie, Pessac, France
- Abteilung für Ältere Urgeschichte und Quartärökologie, Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters, University of Tübingen, Schloss Hohentübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Stoetzel
- Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique (HNHP, UMR 7194)—Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, UPVD, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Tombret
- Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique (HNHP, UMR 7194)—Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, UPVD, Paris, France
- Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements (AASPE, UMR 7209), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Roland Nespoulet
- Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique (HNHP, UMR 7194)—Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, UPVD, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Falguères
- Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique (HNHP, UMR 7194)—Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, UPVD, Paris, France
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20
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Abdulrahman MS. Evaluation of the Sealing Ability of Direct versus Direct-Indirect Veneer Techniques: An In Vitro Study. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:1118728. [PMID: 35005011 PMCID: PMC8739548 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1118728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Marginal discoloration, microleakage, wear, and marginal fractures are all prevalent problems with composite veneers, and this scenario leads the esthetic outcome to deteriorate with time, resulting in patient discontent. Aim of the Study. The study's goal was to determine the marginal sealing ability of composite laminate veneers when employing two types of veneer techniques: direct and direct-indirect veneers, as well as two types of composite resin: nanohybrid and microfilled composite resin restorations, using dye penetration method. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, forty extracted human teeth were utilized. Following a standardized veneer preparation on the labial surface of the teeth, they were separated into two groups of 20 teeth each, using the following composite application techniques: group A: direct veneers and group B: direct-indirect veneers. Following that, each major group was separated into two subgroups of ten teeth each, based on the type of composite employed: subgroup 1 used nanohybrid composite resin, while subgroup 2 used microfilled composite resin. All of the samples were kept in distilled water, thermocycled, and soaked in 2% basic fuchsine dye. These specimens were sectioned and examined under a stereomicroscope for dye penetration at the gingival margin. The data was analyzed using independent T-tests using SPSS 22. RESULT Using direct-indirect veneer technique with nanohybrid composite resin material resulted in the most negligible dye penetration at the gingival margin, while using direct veneer technique with microfilled composite resin material resulted in the maximum dye penetration. For both composite materials, gingival microleakage was lower when using the direct-indirect veneer technique than when using the direct technique, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In both techniques, gingival microleakage was lower with nanohybrid composite than with microfilled composite, and the difference was statistically highly significant (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION The sealing ability of the gingival margin of tooth/composite interface is better when applying direct-indirect veneer technique with nanohybrid composite resin than that of direct veneer technique with microfilled composite resin material.
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Bello SM, Crété L, Galway-Witham J, Parfitt SA. Knapping tools in Magdalenian contexts: New evidence from Gough's Cave (Somerset, UK). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261031. [PMID: 34941899 PMCID: PMC8699705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the recolonization of north-west Europe at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum depends to a large extent on finds from Gough’s Cave (Somerset, UK). Ultra-high resolution radiocarbon determinations suggest that the cave was occupied seasonally by Magdalenian hunters for perhaps no more than two or three human generations, centred on 12,600 BP (~14,950–14,750 cal BP). They left behind a rich and diverse assemblage of Magdalenian lithic and osseous artefacts, butchered animal bones, and cannibalised human remains. The faunal assemblage from Gough’s Cave is one of the most comprehensively studied from any Magdalenian site, yet new and unexpected discoveries continue to be made. Here, we record previously unrecognized flint-knapping tools that were identified during a survey of the Gough’s Cave faunal collection at the Natural History Museum (London). We identified bones used as hammers and teeth manipulated as pressure-flakers to manufacture flint tools. Most of the pieces appear to be ad hoc (single-use?) tools, but a horse molar was almost certainly a curated object that was used over an extended period to work many stone tools. This paper explores how these knapping tools were used to support a more nuanced understanding of Magdalenian stone-tool manufacturing processes. Moreover, we provide a standard for identifying minimally-used knapping tools that will help to establish whether retouchers and other organic stone-working tools are as rare in the Magdalenian archaeological record as current studies suggest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M. Bello
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SMB); (SAP)
| | - Lucile Crété
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Galway-Witham
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Simon A. Parfitt
- Centre for Human Evolution Research, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SMB); (SAP)
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22
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Danesi AL, Athanasiadou D, Mansouri A, Phen A, Neshatian M, Holcroft J, Bonde J, Ganss B, Carneiro KMM. Uniaxial Hydroxyapatite Growth on a Self-Assembled Protein Scaffold. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12343. [PMID: 34830225 PMCID: PMC8620880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is a crucial process whereby organisms produce mineralized tissues such as teeth for mastication, bones for support, and shells for protection. Mineralized tissues are composed of hierarchically organized hydroxyapatite crystals, with a limited capacity to regenerate when demineralized or damaged past a critical size. Thus, the development of protein-based materials that act as artificial scaffolds to guide hydroxyapatite growth is an attractive goal both for the design of ordered nanomaterials and for tissue regeneration. In particular, amelogenin, which is the main protein that scaffolds the hierarchical organization of hydroxyapatite crystals in enamel, amelogenin recombinamers, and amelogenin-derived peptide scaffolds have all been investigated for in vitro mineral growth. Here, we describe uniaxial hydroxyapatite growth on a nanoengineered amelogenin scaffold in combination with amelotin, a mineral promoting protein present during enamel formation. This bio-inspired approach for hydroxyapatite growth may inform the molecular mechanism of hydroxyapatite formation in vitro as well as possible mechanisms at play during mineralized tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Danesi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
| | - Dimitra Athanasiadou
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
| | - Ahmad Mansouri
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
| | - Alina Phen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
| | - Mehrnoosh Neshatian
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
| | - James Holcroft
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
| | - Johan Bonde
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Center of Applied Life Sciences, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Karina M. M. Carneiro
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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23
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Aaspõllu A, Allmäe R, Puss F, Parson W, Pihkva K, Kriiska-Maiväli K, Unt A. The Unique Identification of an Unknown Soldier from the Estonian War of Independence. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1722. [PMID: 34828329 PMCID: PMC8624759 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of human remains is challenging mostly due to the bad condition of the remains and the available background information that is sometimes limited. The current case report is related to the identification of an unknown soldier from the Estonian War of Independence (1918-1920). The case includes an anthropological study of the remains, examinations of documents found with the exhumed remains, and kinship estimations based on archival documents, and DNA analyses. As the preliminary data pointed to remains of male origin, Y-chromosomal STR (short tandem repeat) analyses of 22 Y-STR loci were used to analyze the exhumed teeth. Reference samples from individuals from two paternal lineages were collected based on archival documents. Y-chromosomal STR results for the tooth samples were consistent with a patrilineal relationship to only one reference sample out of two proposed paternal lineages. Based on the provided pedigrees in the consistent case, the Y-STR results are approximately four million times more likely if the tooth sample originated from an individual related along the paternal line to the matching reference sample, than if the tooth sample originated from another person in the general population. Special considerations have to be met when limited evidence is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Aaspõllu
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Raili Allmäe
- Archaeological Research Collection, Tallinn University, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Fred Puss
- Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia;
- Department on Language History, Dialects, and Finno-Ugric Languages, Institute of the Estonian Language, 10119 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Küllike Pihkva
- Preservation Department in Tartu, National Archives of Estonia, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | | | - Arnold Unt
- Estonian War Museum-General Laidoner Museum, 74001 Tallinn, Estonia;
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24
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Nastasa V, Pasca AS, Malancus RN, Bostanaru AC, Ailincai LI, Ursu EL, Vasiliu AL, Minea B, Hnatiuc E, Mares M. Toxicity Assessment of Long-Term Exposure to Non-Thermal Plasma Activated Water in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111534. [PMID: 34768973 PMCID: PMC8583710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma activated water (PAW) has recently emerged as a powerful antimicrobial agent. Despite numerous potential bio-medical applications, studies concerning toxicity in live animals, especially after long-term exposure, are scarce. Our study aimed to assess the effects of long-term watering with PAW on the health of CD1 mice. PAW was prepared from distilled water with a GlidArc reactor according to a previously published protocol. The pH was 2.78. The mice received PAW (experimental group) or tap water (control group) daily for 90 days as the sole water source. After 90 days, the following investigations were performed on the euthanatized animals: gross necropsy, teeth mineral composition, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, hematology, blood biochemistry, methemoglobin level and cytokine profile. Mice tolerated PAW very well and no adverse effects were observed during the entire period of the experiment. Histopathological examination of the organs and tissues did not reveal any structural changes. Moreover, the expression of proliferation markers PCNA and Ki67 has not been identified in the epithelium of the upper digestive tract, indicating the absence of any pre- or neoplastic transformations. The results of our study demonstrated that long-term exposure to PAW caused no toxic effects and could be used as oral antiseptic solution in dental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Nastasa
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences (IULS), 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (V.N.); (A.-S.P.); (R.-N.M.); (A.-C.B.); (L.-I.A.); (E.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Aurelian-Sorin Pasca
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences (IULS), 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (V.N.); (A.-S.P.); (R.-N.M.); (A.-C.B.); (L.-I.A.); (E.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Razvan-Nicolae Malancus
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences (IULS), 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (V.N.); (A.-S.P.); (R.-N.M.); (A.-C.B.); (L.-I.A.); (E.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Andra-Cristina Bostanaru
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences (IULS), 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (V.N.); (A.-S.P.); (R.-N.M.); (A.-C.B.); (L.-I.A.); (E.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Luminita-Iuliana Ailincai
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences (IULS), 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (V.N.); (A.-S.P.); (R.-N.M.); (A.-C.B.); (L.-I.A.); (E.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Elena-Laura Ursu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (E.-L.U.); (A.-L.V.)
| | - Ana-Lavinia Vasiliu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (E.-L.U.); (A.-L.V.)
| | - Bogdan Minea
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Eugen Hnatiuc
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences (IULS), 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (V.N.); (A.-S.P.); (R.-N.M.); (A.-C.B.); (L.-I.A.); (E.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Mihai Mares
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences (IULS), 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania; (V.N.); (A.-S.P.); (R.-N.M.); (A.-C.B.); (L.-I.A.); (E.H.); (M.M.)
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25
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Gillis RE, Bulatović J, Penezić K, Spasić M, Tasić NN, Makarewicz CA. Of herds and societies-Seasonal aspects of Vinča culture herding and land use practices revealed using sequential stable isotope analysis of animal teeth. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258230. [PMID: 34618838 PMCID: PMC8496836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Late Neolithic Vinča communities, spread over much of central and northern Balkans during the late sixth to mid-fifth millennium BC and characterised by unusually large and densely population centres, would have required highly organised food production systems. Zooarchaeological analysis indicates that domesticate livestock were herded, but little is known about the seasonal husbandry practices that helped ensure a steady supply of animal products to Vinča farming communities. Here, we present new stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopic measurements of incremental bioapatite samples from the teeth of domesticated livestock and wild herbivore teeth from two late Neolithic Vinča culture sites: Vinča-Belo brdo and Stubline (Serbia). Our results show a low variation overall within sheep and goats in terms of pasture type that may have been composed of seasonal halophyte plant communities, which have higher δ13C values due to the saline rich growing environments. Cattle feeding strategies were more variable and provided with supplementary forage, such as cut branches or leafy hay, during winter. The sharp distinction in the management of cattle and sheep/goat may be associated with the development of herding strategies that sought to balance livestock feeding behaviours with available forage or, more provocatively, the emergence of household-based control over cattle-an animal that held a central economic and symbolic role in Vinča societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind E. Gillis
- Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, ICArEHB, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Graduate School “Human Development in Landscapes”, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jelena Bulatović
- Faculty of Philosophy, Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Miloš Spasić
- Department of Archaeology, Prehistoric Collection, Belgrade City Museum, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad N. Tasić
- Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Archaeology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Cheryl A. Makarewicz
- Institute of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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26
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Li Z, Miao HW, Li BK, Lu H. Comparative study of B content and δ 11 B in the enamel of isolated teeth from brothers in the same family. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2021; 35:e9171. [PMID: 34318551 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The quantity of boron (B) and its isotopic ratios in tooth can provide information on dietary habits and oral health of individuals. These metrics are gradually being used in stomatology, environmental science and geochemistry. METHODS This study measured the B concentration and δ11 B in the enamel of isolated teeth from brothers in the same family living in high-B-exposure areas at different times using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and multicollector ICP-MS. RESULTS The results demonstrate that B content in tooth samples of two brothers is related to the time of shedding. The earlier the time of shedding, the lower is the B content in tooth. The B content increased from 20.5 μg/g of the central incisor (6-7 years old) of the younger brother to 50.4 μg/g of the second molar (10-12 years old). And B content for the elder brother increased from 28.7 to 58.3 μg/g at the same positions. In the same family, the diet and environmental input of B is basically similar, and the B exposure is basically the same every year. The annual growth rate of B for the younger brother in this experiment is about 4.98 μg/g per year and that for the elder brother is about 4.93 μg/g per year. The δ11 B of shed teeth at different times from the same person is basically similar, but different from person to person. The δ11 B of shed teeth from the elder brother varies from 15.5‰ to 17.9‰ and from the younger brother varies from 5.2‰ to 6.7‰. The δ11 B is quite different for the brothers in the same family who had the same food and environmental intake of B. CONCLUSIONS The experimental data confirmed the relationship between the information of B (B content and δ11 B) in shed teeth and B exposure. They provided an experimental basis using modern human teeth to apply B-isotope paleo-environmental significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixia Li
- Department of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Wen Miao
- Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Kai Li
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Geology and Environment of Salt Lakes, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Division of Chemical Metrology & Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
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27
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Kuczumow A, Nowak J, Chałas R, Ptasiewicz M, Siejak P, Jarzębski M. Studies of Peculiar Mg-Containing and Oscillating Bioapatites in Sheep and Horse Teeth. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1436. [PMID: 34680071 PMCID: PMC8533064 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New types of biological apatites have been discovered in molar sheep and horse teeth and are divided in two types. In the first and more general type, the release of Mg ions is parallel to the changes in composition of apatite leading to a final stoichiometric ratio of Ca to P ions, going from dentin depth towards the boundary of enamel with air. Inside dentin, another apatite sub-types were discovered with alternating layers of Mg-rich and C-rich apatites. The approximate formal stoichiometric relationships for these peculiar types of bioapatites are suggested. We identified two kinds of ion-exchanges responsible for formation of peculiar apatites. Various combinations of main and minor elements lead to new versions of biological apatites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kuczumow
- ComerLab Dorota Nowak, Radawiec Duży 196, 21-030 Motycz, Poland; (A.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Jakub Nowak
- ComerLab Dorota Nowak, Radawiec Duży 196, 21-030 Motycz, Poland; (A.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Renata Chałas
- Department of Oral Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Maja Ptasiewicz
- Department of Oral Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Przemysław Siejak
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Maciej Jarzębski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
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28
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Kumar N, Aparna R, Sharma S. Effect of postmortem interval and conditions of teeth on STR based DNA profiling from unidentified dead bodies. J Forensic Leg Med 2021; 83:102246. [PMID: 34438226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Teeth are important exhibits to establish the identity of unidentified dead bodies by DNA profiling. Tooth acts as a cage to protect DNA from harsh environmental conditions. Unidentified bodies are sometimes found many years after death causing loss of valuable soft tissues which can be used for DNA extraction. Skeletal remains and dental evidence provide the best alternative when decomposed or burnt bodies are examined to establish the identity. In this study, the powder-free method was used to extract DNA from ninety-five teeth of unidentified dead bodies across seven years (2014-2020). Intact and broken dental remains were analyzed majorly from decomposed remains. The present study reports successful STR profiles obtained from dental evidence using powder free method. Complete DNA profiles were obtained from intact teeth while damaged teeth either gave partial profiles or no results. This data suggest that intact teeth are excellent samples for DNA profiling from decomposed unidentified dead bodies even with greater post mortem interval. Findings from this study can hence be useful in establishing the identity in forensic and archeological casework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- DNA Division, Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Central Range, Mandi, 175001, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - R Aparna
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be-University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shivkant Sharma
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
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29
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Richards MP, Mannino MA, Jaouen K, Dozio A, Hublin JJ, Peresani M. Strontium isotope evidence for Neanderthal and modern human mobility at the upper and middle palaeolithic site of Fumane Cave (Italy). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254848. [PMID: 34428206 PMCID: PMC8384160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mobility patterns of Neanderthals and modern humans in Europe during the Middle-to-Upper Palaeolithic transition period, we applied strontium isotope analysis to Neanderthal (n = 3) and modern human (n = 2) teeth recovered from the site of Fumane Cave in the Monti Lessini region of Northern Italy. We also measured a large number of environmental samples from the region, to establish a strontium 'baseline', and also micromammals (vole teeth) from the levels associated with the hominin teeth. We found that the modern humans and Neanderthals had similar strontium isotope values, and these values match the local baseline values we obtained for the site and the surrounding region. We conclude that both groups were utilizing the local mountainous region where Fumane Cave is situated, and likely the nearby Lessini highlands and Adige plains, and therefore the strontium evidence does not show differening mobility patterns between Neanderthals and modern humans at the Fumane site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Richards
- Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcello A. Mannino
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Højbjerg, Denmark
| | - Klervia Jaouen
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, UMR 5563, CNRS, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Toulouse, France
| | - Alessandro Dozio
- Department of Humanities, Section of Prehistoric and Anthropological Sciences, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marco Peresani
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Bologna University, Ravenna, Italy
- Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering, National Council of Research, Milano, Italy
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30
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Ulian G, Moro D, Valdrè G. Hydroxylapatite and Related Minerals in Bone and Dental Tissues: Structural, Spectroscopic and Mechanical Properties from a Computational Perspective. Biomolecules 2021; 11:728. [PMID: 34068073 PMCID: PMC8152500 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hard tissues (e.g., bone, enamel, dentin) in vertebrates perform various and different functions, from sustaining the body to haematopoiesis. Such complex and hierarchal tissue is actually a material composite whose static and dynamic properties are controlled by the subtle physical and chemical interplay between its components, collagen (main organic part) and hydroxylapatite-like mineral. The knowledge needed to fully understand the properties of bony and dental tissues and to develop specific applicative biomaterials (e.g., fillers, prosthetics, scaffolds, implants, etc.) resides mostly at the atomic scale. Among the different methods to obtains such detailed information, atomistic computer simulations (in silico) have proven to be both corroborative and predictive tools in this subject. The authors have intensively worked on quantum mechanical simulations of bioapatite and the present work reports a detailed review addressed to the crystal-chemical, physical, spectroscopic, mechanical, and surface properties of the mineral phase of bone and dental tissues. The reviewed studies were conducted at different length and time scales, trying to understand the features of hydroxylapatite and biological apatite models alone and/or in interaction with simplified collagen-like models. The reported review shows the capability of the computational approach in dealing with complex biological physicochemical systems, providing accurate results that increase the overall knowledge of hard tissue science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Ulian
- Centro di Ricerca Interdisciplinare di Biomineralogia, Cristallografia e Biomateriali, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum, P. Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | | | - Giovanni Valdrè
- Centro di Ricerca Interdisciplinare di Biomineralogia, Cristallografia e Biomateriali, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum, P. Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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Manzella AM, Carte KM, King SL, Moreno LI. Assessment of the ANDE 6C Rapid DNA system and investigative biochip for the processing of calcified and muscle tissue. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 53:102526. [PMID: 33991866 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The ANDE 6C Rapid DNA system could offer a potential alternative for the processing of calcified and soft tissue samples, often encountered in mass disaster scenarios. While originally designed for single source buccal swabs, interest in the performance of these instruments when using other types of single source samples continues to grow. To enhance the recovery of otherwise lesser quality samples, the manufacturer developed the investigative biochip, an alternative to the NDIS approved Arrestee biochip for reference sample buccal swabs. This study explores the viability of using the ANDE 6C system and the investigative biochip to process soft and calcified tissue, and uses conventional sample processing to contrast the results. Though the success rate obtained using the instrument's expert system was lower than expected - 0% muscle, 11% ribs, and 50% teeth -, the ANDE 6C offers an advantage over conventional calcified tissue processing in terms of turn-around time and processing complexity. If robust analysis parameters can be established to allow the evaluation of the generated data by a qualified analyst on a third party software platform, the use of the ANDE 6C and investigative biochip could be a suitable alternative for currently employed procedures. However, as is the case with conventional DNA typing, the quantity, age, type of biological material and quality of the exemplars could all play a role in the success of the ANDE 6C typing process. In addition, it appears as if the calcified tissue pre-processing protocol that provides the better opportunity for the ANDE 6C success is not appropriate to be carried out in the field or by non-trained personnel as special equipment as well as a certain level of exe expertise and technique is necessary. Nevertheless, disaster victim and unidentified human remain samples could be processed in a laboratory setting using the Rapid DNA ANDE 6C platform provided sufficient material is available to conduct a second, 'rescue' sample processing if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- April M Manzella
- DNA Support Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135, USA; EnProVera, 410 Ware Blvd, Tampa, FL 33619, USA
| | - Kathryn M Carte
- DNA Support Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135, USA; EnProVera, 410 Ware Blvd, Tampa, FL 33619, USA
| | - Sheria L King
- Scientific Support Services, Royal Bahamas Police Force, East St, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Lilliana I Moreno
- DNA Support Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135, USA.
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Holt CL, Stephens KM, Walichiewicz P, Fleming KD, Forouzmand E, Wu SF. Human Mitochondrial Control Region and mtGenome: Design and Forensic Validation of NGS Multiplexes, Sequencing and Analytical Software. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040599. [PMID: 33921728 PMCID: PMC8073089 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forensic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis conducted using next-generation sequencing (NGS), also known as massively parallel sequencing (MPS), as compared to Sanger-type sequencing brings modern advantages, such as deep coverage per base (herein referred to as read depth per base pair (bp)), simultaneous sequencing of multiple samples (libraries) and increased operational efficiencies. This report describes the design and developmental validation, according to forensic quality assurance standards, of end-to-end workflows for two multiplexes, comprised of ForenSeq mtDNA control region and mtDNA whole-genome kits the MiSeq FGxTM instrument and ForenSeq universal analysis software (UAS) 2.0/2.1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enrichment and a tiled amplicon approach target small, overlapping amplicons (60–150 bp and 60–209 bp for the control region and mtGenome, respectively). The system provides convenient access to data files that can be used outside of the UAS if desired. Studies assessed a range of environmental and situational variables, including but not limited to buccal samples, rootless hairs, dental and skeletal remains, concordance of control region typing between the two multiplexes and as compared to orthogonal data, assorted sensitivity studies, two-person DNA mixtures and PCR-based performance testing. Limitations of the system and implementation considerations are discussed. Data indicated that the two mtDNA multiplexes, MiSeq FGx and ForenSeq software, meet or exceed forensic DNA quality assurance (QA) guidelines with robust, reproducible performance on samples of various quantities and qualities.
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Harney É, Cheronet O, Fernandes DM, Sirak K, Mah M, Bernardos R, Adamski N, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Callan K, Lawson AM, Oppenheimer J, Stewardson K, Zalzala F, Anders A, Candilio F, Constantinescu M, Coppa A, Ciobanu I, Dani J, Gallina Z, Genchi F, Nagy EG, Hajdu T, Hellebrandt M, Horváth A, Király Á, Kiss K, Kolozsi B, Kovács P, Köhler K, Lucci M, Pap I, Popovici S, Raczky P, Simalcsik A, Szeniczey T, Vasilyev S, Virag C, Rohland N, Reich D, Pinhasi R. A minimally destructive protocol for DNA extraction from ancient teeth. Genome Res 2021; 31:472-483. [PMID: 33579752 PMCID: PMC7919446 DOI: 10.1101/gr.267534.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ancient DNA sampling methods-although optimized for efficient DNA extraction-are destructive, relying on drilling or cutting and powdering (parts of) bones and teeth. As the field of ancient DNA has grown, so have concerns about the impact of destructive sampling of the skeletal remains from which ancient DNA is obtained. Due to a particularly high concentration of endogenous DNA, the cementum of tooth roots is often targeted for ancient DNA sampling, but destructive sampling methods of the cementum often result in the loss of at least one entire root. Here, we present a minimally destructive method for extracting ancient DNA from dental cementum present on the surface of tooth roots. This method does not require destructive drilling or grinding, and, following extraction, the tooth remains safe to handle and suitable for most morphological studies, as well as other biochemical studies, such as radiocarbon dating. We extracted and sequenced ancient DNA from 30 teeth (and nine corresponding petrous bones) using this minimally destructive extraction method in addition to a typical tooth sampling method. We find that the minimally destructive method can provide ancient DNA that is of comparable quality to extracts produced from teeth that have undergone destructive sampling processes. Further, we find that a rigorous cleaning of the tooth surface combining diluted bleach and UV light irradiation seems sufficient to minimize external contaminants usually removed through the physical removal of a superficial layer when sampling through regular powdering methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éadaoin Harney
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- The Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Jena D-07745, Germany
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Olivia Cheronet
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Daniel M Fernandes
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Kendra Sirak
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Matthew Mah
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca Bernardos
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nicole Adamski
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly Callan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ann Marie Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jonas Oppenheimer
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kristin Stewardson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Fatma Zalzala
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra Anders
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Francesca Candilio
- Superintendency of Archaeology, Fine Arts and Landscape for the City of Cagliari and the Provinces of Oristano and South Sardinia, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Coppa
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ion Ciobanu
- Cultural-Natural Reserve "Orheiul Vechi", 3552 Orhei, Republic of Moldova
- Institute of Bioarchaeological and Ethnocultural Research, 2012 Chișinău, Republic of Moldova
| | | | - Zsolt Gallina
- Ásatárs Kulturális, Régészeti Szolgáltató és Kereskedelmi Limited, 6000 Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Francesco Genchi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Tamás Hajdu
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1171 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Ágnes Király
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Kiss
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1171 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Kitti Köhler
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michaela Lucci
- Department of History, Anthropology, Religion, Arts and Performing Arts, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sergiu Popovici
- National Agency for Archaeology, 2012 Chișinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Pál Raczky
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angela Simalcsik
- Institute of Bioarchaeological and Ethnocultural Research, 2012 Chișinău, Republic of Moldova
- Olga Necrasov Center for Anthropological Research, Romanian Academy, 700481 Iasi, Romania
| | - Tamás Szeniczey
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1171 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sergey Vasilyev
- Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Egyptological Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nadin Rohland
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - David Reich
- The Max Planck-Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Jena D-07745, Germany
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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Baltas H, Sirin M, Senel F, Devran F. Determination of natural radionuclides and some metal concentrations in human tooth samples in the Rize province, Turkey. Int J Environ Health Res 2021; 31:20-33. [PMID: 31155923 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1625033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to identify the concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) and some metals (Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) in tooth samples collected from humans living in the Rize province of Turkey. It was found that the activity concentrations ranged from 8.1 to 114.51 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, from 10.44 to 97.3 Bq kg-1 for 232Th and from 14.53 to 489.27 Bq kg-1 for 40K. The mean activity concentration values of 226Ra and 232Th in tooth samples were higher than the average world values for bones. Furthermore, when the metal concentrations were examined, there was no regular increase or decrease according to age or sex. The results of the metal analysis on the tooth samples were compared with the results of similar studies and were generally found to be consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Baltas
- Department of Physics, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Rize, Turkey
| | - Murat Sirin
- Department of Physics, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Rize, Turkey
| | - Firdevs Senel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beykent University , İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Devran
- Department of Physics, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University , Rize, Turkey
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Yalçin SS, Dönmez Y, Aypar E, Yalçin S. Element profiles in blood and teeth samples of children with congenital heart diseases in comparison with healthy ones. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 63:126662. [PMID: 33126039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some elements were claimed to play a role in the pathogenesis of congenital heart defects (CHD) and influence the general well-being and health of these children. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the levels of some elements simultaneously in the blood and teeth samples of children with cyanotic and acyanotic CHD compared with healthy children. METHODS A total of 39 children with CHD (11 with cyanotic and 28 with acyanotic CHD) and 42 age- and sex-adjusted controls were enrolled. Levels of 13 elements, including magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, chromium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, strontium, cadmium, lead, mercury, and molybdenum, were assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS Children with cyanotic and acyanotic CHD had significantly lower teeth calcium and calcium/phosphorus ratio as compared to the controls after adjusting for confounders. The mean blood iron level was found to be significantly higher in the cyanotic CHD group compared to the other groups. In addition, children with acyanotic CHD had significantly higher teeth copper levels, higher blood molybdenum and lower blood magnesium levels compared to the healthy control group. Blood cadmium and mercury levels were found to be significantly elevated in both the cyanotic and acyanotic CHD groups compared to the healthy control group. There were no differences in toxic metal levels of teeth in cases with CHD. CONCLUSION Monitoring adequate and balanced gestational micronutrient intake might support not only maternal health but also fetal cardiac development and infant well-being. Supplementation of magnesium should be evaluated in patients having CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sıddıka Songül Yalçin
- Unit of Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Dönmez
- Unit of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Aypar
- Unit of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suzan Yalçin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Kuczumow A, Chałas R, Nowak J, Smułek W, Jarzębski M. Novel Approach to Tooth Chemistry: Quantification of Human Enamel Apatite in Context for New Biomaterials and Nanomaterials Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E279. [PMID: 33383975 PMCID: PMC7796202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of linear profiles of the elements of the enamel in human molar teeth were made with the use of an electron microprobe and a Raman microscope. It is postulated that the enamel can be treated as the superposition of variable "overbuilt" enamel on the stable "core" enamel at the macro-, micro- and nanoscale level. The excessive values characterize the "overbuilt enamel". All the profiles of excessive parameters along the enamel thickness from the enamel surface to the dentin enamel junction (DEJ) can be approximated very precisely with the use of exponential functions, where Ca, P, Cl and F spatial profiles are decaying while Mg, Na, K and CO32- ones are growing distributions. The "overbuilt" apatite formed on the boundary with DEJ, enriched in Na, Mg, OH and carbonates, reacts continuously with Ca, Cl and F, passing into an acid-resistant form of the "overbuilt" enamel. The apparent phases arriving in boundary regions of the "overbuilt enamel" were proposed. Microdiffraction measurements reveal relative variation of energy levels during enamel transformations. Our investigations are the milestones for a further new class of biomaterial and nanomaterial development for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kuczumow
- ComerLab Dorota Nowak Radawiec Duży 196, 21-030 Motycz, Poland; (A.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Renata Chałas
- Department of Oral Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jakub Nowak
- ComerLab Dorota Nowak Radawiec Duży 196, 21-030 Motycz, Poland; (A.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Wojciech Smułek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-695 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Maciej Jarzębski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
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Sharma V, Rastogi S, Kumar Bhati K, Srinivasan A, Roychoudhury A, Nikolajeff F, Kumar S. Mapping the Inorganic and Proteomic Differences among Different Types of Human Teeth: A Preliminary Compositional Insight. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1540. [PMID: 33187273 PMCID: PMC7697572 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, studies on mineralized tissues are becoming increasingly popular not only due to the diverse mechanophysical properties of such materials but also because of the growing need to understand the intricate mechanism involved in their assembly and formation. The biochemical mechanism that results in the formation of such hierarchical structures through a well-coordinated accumulation of inorganic and organic components is termed biomineralization. Some prime examples of such tissues in the human body are teeth and bones. Our current study is an attempt to dissect the compositional details of the inorganic and organic components in four major types of human teeth using mass spectrometry-based approaches. We quantified inorganic materials using inductively coupled plasma resonance mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Differential level of ten different elements, Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Potassium (K), Sulphur (S), Cobalt (Co), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Aluminum (Al), and Copper (Cu) were quantified across different teeth types. The qualitative and quantitative details of their respective proteomic milieu revealed compositional differences. We found 152 proteins in total tooth protein extract. Differential abundance of proteins in different teeth types were also noted. Further, we were able to find out some significant protein-protein interaction (PPI) backbone through the STRING database. Since this is the first study analyzing the differential details of inorganic and organic counterparts within teeth, this report will pave new directions to the compositional understanding and development of novel in-vitro repair strategies for such biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Sharma
- Departement of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Simran Rastogi
- Departement of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Kaushal Kumar Bhati
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Alagiri Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Ajoy Roychoudhury
- Centre for Dental Education and Research (CDER), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Fredrik Nikolajeff
- Department of Health Sciences, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden;
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Departement of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
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Johnston JE, Lopez M, Gribble MO, Gutschow W, Austin C, Arora M. A Collaborative Approach to Assess Legacy Pollution in Communities Near a Lead-Acid Battery Smelter: The "Truth Fairy" Project. Health Educ Behav 2020; 46:71S-80S. [PMID: 31549554 DOI: 10.1177/1090198119859406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Advocates for civil rights, environmental justice, and movements promoting social justice require data and may lack trust in public authorities, turning instead to academic scientists to help address their questions. Assessing historical exposure to toxic chemicals, especially in situations of a specific industrial source of pollution affecting a community, is critical for informing appropriate public health and policy responses. We describe a community-driven approach to integrate retrospective environmental hazard exposure assessment with community organizing to address concerns about the extent of exposure to toxic metals in a predominantly working-class, Latinx community living near a now-closed lead-acid battery smelter facility. Named the "Truth Fairy Project" by leaders of the community organization East Yard Communities for Environmental Justice, this community-university partnership aimed to assess prenatal and early-life exposures to toxic metals through biomarkers of exposure in baby/deciduous teeth. This partnership integrated community mobilization with empirical research, informing residents about toxic metal exposures and improving the community's capacity to respond to a public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Lopez
- East Yard Communities for Environmental Justice, Commerce, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Manish Arora
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Le Meillour L, Zirah S, Zazzo A, Cersoy S, Détroit F, Imalwa E, Lebon M, Nankela A, Tombret O, Pleurdeau D, Lesur J. Palaeoproteomics gives new insight into early southern African pastoralism. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14427. [PMID: 32879376 PMCID: PMC7468255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of domestication is a major step that transformed the subsistence strategies of past human societies. In Africa, domestic caprines (sheep and goat) were introduced in the north-eastern part of the continent from the Near East more than 9000 years ago. However, their diffusion southwards was slow. They are thought to have made their first appearance in the southern part of the continent ca. 2000 years ago, at a few Later Stone Age sites, including Leopard Cave (Erongo region, Namibia), which provided the oldest directly dated remains assigned to sheep or goat on the basis of morphology of bones and teeth. However, similarities in morphology, not only between these two domesticated caprine species, but also between them and the small wild antelopes, raised questions about the morphological species attribution of these remains. Additionally, the high fragmentation of the site's osteological remains makes it difficult to achieve species-level taxonomic identification by comparative anatomy. In this paper, we report molecular species identification of the Leopard Cave remains using palaeoproteomics, a method that uses protein markers in bone and tooth collagen to achieve taxonomic identification of archaeological remains. We also report new direct radiocarbon dates. Wild antelope remains from museum collections were used to enrich the available protein record and propose de novo type I collagen sequences. Our results demonstrate that the remains morphologically described as domesticates actually belong to a wild antelope species and that domestic caprines first appeared at Leopard Cave 1500 years later than previously thought. This study illustrates that the use of palaeoproteomics coupled with direct radiocarbon dates is particularly suited to complement classic zooarchaeological studies, in this case concerning the arrival of the first herding practices in arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Le Meillour
- UMR 7209 Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, 55 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, 63 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Séverine Zirah
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptations des Microorganismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, 63 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Zazzo
- UMR 7209 Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, 55 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Cersoy
- USR 3224 Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRCC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, 36 rue Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Florent Détroit
- UMR 7194 Histoire naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, UPVD, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Matthieu Lebon
- UMR 7194 Histoire naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, UPVD, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Alma Nankela
- National Heritage Council of Namibia, 153 Dr. AB May and Rev. Michael Scott streets, Ausspannplatz, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Olivier Tombret
- UMR 7209 Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, 55 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
- UMR 7194 Histoire naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, UPVD, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France
| | - David Pleurdeau
- UMR 7194 Histoire naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, UPVD, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Joséphine Lesur
- UMR 7209 Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique: Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, 55 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.
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Craig-Atkins E, Jervis B, Cramp L, Hammann S, Nederbragt AJ, Nicholson E, Taylor AR, Whelton H, Madgwick R. The dietary impact of the Norman Conquest: A multiproxy archaeological investigation of Oxford, UK. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235005. [PMID: 32628680 PMCID: PMC7337355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeology has yet to capitalise on the opportunities offered by bioarchaeological approaches to examine the impact of the 11th-century AD Norman Conquest of England. This study utilises an integrated multiproxy analytical approach to identify and explain changes and continuities in diet and foodways between the 10th and 13th centuries in the city of Oxford, UK. The integration of organic residue analysis of ceramics, carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis of human and animal bones, incremental analysis of δ13C and δ15N from human tooth dentine and palaeopathological analysis of human skeletal remains has revealed a broad pattern of increasing intensification and marketisation across various areas of economic practice, with a much lesser and more short-term impact of the Conquest on everyday lifestyles than is suggested by documentary sources. Nonetheless, isotope data indicate short-term periods of instability, particularly food insecurity, did impact individuals. Evidence of preferences for certain foodstuffs and cooking techniques documented among the elite classes were also observed among lower-status townspeople, suggesting that Anglo-Norman fashions could be adopted across the social spectrum. This study demonstrates the potential for future archaeological research to generate more nuanced understanding of the cultural impact of the Norman Conquest of England, while showcasing a method which can be used to elucidate the undocumented, everyday implications of other large-scale political events on non-elites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Craig-Atkins
- Department of Archaeology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RM); (ECA); (BJ)
| | - Ben Jervis
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RM); (ECA); (BJ)
| | - Lucy Cramp
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Hammann
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Elizabeth Nicholson
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Allie Rae Taylor
- Spokane Tribe of Indians Preservation Program, Wellpinit, WA, United States of America
| | - Helen Whelton
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Madgwick
- School of History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RM); (ECA); (BJ)
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Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging is a powerful tool of increasing utility due to its ability to spatially resolve molecular biomarkers directly from sectioned tissues. One hindrance to its universality is that no single protocol is sufficient for every tissue type, fixation, and pretreatment. Mineralized tissues are uniquely challenging as extensive decalcification protocols are necessary to achieve thin sections. In this study, we optimized a method to image tryptic peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry of decalcified, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mouse hemimandibles. Using a combination of on-tissue MS/MS and hydrogel extraction LC-MS/MS, peptides from the enamel, dentin, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, pulp, and other regions are identified and mapped. This breakthrough method provides a comprehensive approach to biomarker discovery in dental and craniofacial tissues which is highly relevant given that diseases originating from this region of the body are the most prevalent across all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Colley
- Department of Chemistry, UT San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sitai Liang
- Department of Periodontics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chunyan Tan
- Department of Periodontics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kyle P. Trobough
- Department of Periodontics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Yong-Hee Patricia Chun
- Department of Periodontics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Bauer LJ, Mustafa HA, Zaslansky P, Mantouvalou I. Chemical mapping of teeth in 2D and 3D: X-ray fluorescence reveals hidden details in dentine surrounding fillings. Acta Biomater 2020; 109:142-152. [PMID: 32294552 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
X-rays are frequently used for characterizing both tooth tissues and dental materials. Whereas radiographs and tomography utilize absorption contrast for retrieving details, chemical mapping is usually achieved by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis that is stimulated under vacuum in electron microscopes. However, the relatively dense mineralized composition of teeth, and the frequent inclusion of a large range of elements in filling materials raise the possibility that other X-ray based techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy may strongly contribute to investigations of a large variety of dental structures. By exploiting the fluorescence excited by micron sized X-rays (µXRF) it is possible to map minute quantities of a large range of elements (from aluminum to uranium), where spectra containing signals from multiple different elements can be resolved non-destructively and concomitantly. The high penetration depth of X-rays makes XRF highly effective at detecting variable compositions with information emerging from tooth tissues situated well beneath the sample surface. The method supports minimal sample preparation and, different from electron microscopy, it facilitates investigation of hydrated dental materials. Direct comparison of µXRF and confocal µXRF (CµXRF) with SEM-EDX reveals micro zones of chemical heterogeneity in the complex 3D architecture of root canal fillings. These methods reproducibly clarify the mutual arrangement of biomaterials in both fresh fillings as well as in repeatedly treated old teeth of unknown history. The results showcase the complementarity of X-ray and electron based elemental mapping for dental materials research. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Chemical characterization of mineralized tissues such as tooth dentine is often performed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS/EDX) analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The widespread use of electron microscopes and simplified detector designs have made this form of chemical and structural analysis extremely popular. However, excitation by electrons is limited to the upper microns of the tissue, and these may not well represent the chemical composition of the bulk. Especially when heavier elements are of interest and when dental filling materials exhibit diffusion into the tooth, little is known about the spatial distribution. Here we show how complementary X-ray fluorescence data originating by electron and X-ray excitation can help visualize the distribution and impregnation of heavy elements through teeth, e.g. for root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona J Bauer
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Hawshan A Mustafa
- Department for Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Centrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, Berlin 14197, Germany
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Centrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, Berlin 14197, Germany.
| | - Ioanna Mantouvalou
- Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, Berlin 10623, Germany; Current affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Jaouen K, Trost M, Bourgon N, Colleter R, Le Cabec A, Tütken T, Elias Oliveira R, Pons ML, Méjean P, Steinbrenner S, Chmeleff J, Strauss A. Zinc isotope variations in archeological human teeth (Lapa do Santo, Brazil) reveal dietary transitions in childhood and no contamination from gloves. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232379. [PMID: 32407324 PMCID: PMC7224499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) isotope ratios of dental enamel are a promising tracer for dietary reconstruction in archeology, but its use is still in its infancy. A recent study demonstrated a high risk of Zn contamination from nitrile, and latex gloves used during chemical sample preparation. Here we assess the potential impact of the use of such gloves during enamel sampling on the Zn isotope composition of teeth from a population of early Holocene hunter gatherers from Lapa do Santo, Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We first examined the amount of Zn and its isotopic composition released from the gloves used in this study by soaking them in weak nitric acid and water. We compared Zn isotope ratios obtained from teeth that were sampled wearing nitrile, latex or no gloves. Finally, we performed a linear mixed model (LMM) to investigate post hoc the relationship between the gloves used for sampling and the Zn isotope variability in dental enamel. We found that the gloves used in this study released a similar amount of Zn compared to previous work, but only in acidic solution. Zn isotope ratios of teeth and the LMM identified no sign of significant Zn coming from the gloves when teeth were handled for enamel sampling. We hypothesize that Zn in gloves is mostly released by contact with acids. We found that the main source of Zn isotope variability in the Lapa do Santo population was related to the developmental stage of the tooth tissues sampled. We report identical results for two individuals coming from a different archeological context. Tooth enamel formed in utero and/or during the two first years of life showed higher Zn isotope ratios than enamel formed after weaning. More work is required to systematically investigate if Zn isotopes can be used as a breastfeeding tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klervia Jaouen
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, CNRS, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, UMR 5563, Toulouse, France
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Manuel Trost
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Bourgon
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- AG für Angewandte und Analytische Paläontologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rozenn Colleter
- Inrap, National Institute of Preventive Archeological Research, Cesson-Sévigné, France
- AMIS, CNRS, University of Toulouse UMR 5288, Toulouse, France
| | - Adeline Le Cabec
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- PACEA, UMR 5199-CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Thomas Tütken
- AG für Angewandte und Analytische Paläontologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Elias Oliveira
- Laboratório de Arqueologia e Antropologia Ambiental e Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie Laure Pons
- CEREGE, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Pauline Méjean
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, CNRS, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, UMR 5563, Toulouse, France
| | - Sven Steinbrenner
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jérôme Chmeleff
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, CNRS, Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, UMR 5563, Toulouse, France
| | - André Strauss
- Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universityof São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lehn C, Rossmann A, Mayr C. Stable isotope relationships between apatite phosphate (δ 18 O), structural carbonate (δ 18 O, δ 13 C), and collagen (δ 2 H, δ 13 C, δ 15 N, δ 34 S) in modern human dentine. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34:e8674. [PMID: 31769096 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The use of multi-isotopic analysis (δ2 H, δ13 C, δ15 N, δ18 O, and δ34 S values) of modern human body tissues for provenancing of unknown individuals in forensics is increasing. Tooth dentine develops during childhood and adolescence, therefore providing geographical information from that period of life. Tooth apatite δ18 O values are commonly used for the reconstruction of drinking water values, and H-C-N-S isotope ratios in collagen supply additional information about the composition of diet. We tested if dentine collagen δ2 H values provide similar information to apatite δ18 O values with a proof-of-concept study. METHODS Tooth samples were taken from modern-day individuals born in different regions of the world. Apatite and collagen were prepared from dentine. Stable isotope analyses were performed on apatite phosphate oxygen (δ18 Ophos ); oxygen and carbon of the structural carbonate (δ18 Ocarb , δ13 Ccarb ); and hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur of the collagen (δ2 Hcoll, δ13 Ccoll , δ15 N, δ34 S). RESULTS δ18 Ophos , δ18 Ocarb , and δ2 Hcoll values are highly correlated in modern human dentine. There are significant relationships of δ18 O values in the apatite fraction and δ2 H values in the collagen fraction with local δ18 O and δ2 H precipitation values, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients indicate no direct relationship between δ15 N values and the isotope ratios of any other element. Weak relationships exist between collagen δ34 S values and δ18 Ocarb or δ18 Ophos values. CONCLUSIONS The highly significant correlation of δ18 Ophos , δ18 Ocarb , and δ2 Hcoll values in the modern human dentine implies that measurement of δ2 H values in collagen or δ18 O values in bioapatite will provide reliable information about the climate at the person's whereabouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lehn
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Rossmann
- Isolab Gmbh, Laboratory for Stable Isotope Analytics, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayr
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Sehrawat JS, Singh M. Application of Trace Elemental Profile of Known Teeth for Sex and Age Estimation of Ajnala Skeletal Remains: a Forensic Anthropological Cross-Validation Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:295-310. [PMID: 31030383 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Teeth store crucial information needed for medical, environmental, genomics, public health, and forensic anthropological research work. The prolonged forensic utility of teeth is ensured by their extended postmortem longevity as they can resist almost all sorts of chemical, biological, and physical degradations or destructions. The main aim of the present investigation was to utilize the discriminant functions and regression equations generated from the elemental profile of known teeth for estimating sex and age of unknown human skeletal remains excavated from an abandoned well at Ajnala (Amritsar, India). The written records mentioned that 282 Indian mutineer soldiers were killed in July 1857, their cadavers were dumped in the disused well, and then a religious structure was built over the periphery of the said well. These human remains, along with some contextual items, were excavated non-scientifically in April 2014. Preliminary results obtained from application of different forensic anthropological techniques like stable isotope, pulp-tooth area ratio, and mtDNA analyses have indicated that these remains belonged to adult males. In present study, the elemental concentrations of 100 mandibular molars of known age and sex were estimated from wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer (WD-XRF) analyzer. The statistical equations so generated from elemental concentrations of known teeth were applied to estimate the probable age and the sex of unknown mandibular teeth (N = 100) collected from Ajnala skeletal assemblage. The elements Pb and As were detected in ancient teeth only whereas the detection of elements like Ba, Se, and Te was limited to modern teeth samples only. When the statistical equations so generated were applied to elemental concentrations of Ajnala teeth, it was found that 96% teeth belonged to adult males and the remaining ones were classified to be that of females. Though sexual differences were observed in concentrations of majority of elements, statistically significant differences were found in elemental concentrations of very few teeth. Age estimates of unknown teeth were found in the age ranges of 19 to 48 years. Thus, the trace elemental analysis results supported the written records that the victims were adult males. The cross-validated application of elemental profiles of known teeth for establishing the identity of unknown teeth is the first forensic anthropological study reported from India. Though the obtained accuracy levels were not found within acceptable forensic threshold limits, the present study results may guide future researches involving human hard tissues. It may be concluded that trace elemental concentrations of teeth may be influenced by the factors like age and sex of an individual and thus cannot be used for accurate and reliable forensic sex or age estimations. Dental trace elemental composition can be used as a forensic tool only if used in conjunction with other morphological or molecular analysis of the unknown dental remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sehrawat
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Monika Singh
- UGC-SRF, Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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França CM, Tahayeri A, Rodrigues NS, Ferdosian S, Puppin Rontani RM, Sereda G, Ferracane JL, Bertassoni LE. The tooth on-a-chip: a microphysiologic model system mimicking the biologic interface of the tooth with biomaterials. Lab Chip 2020; 20:405-413. [PMID: 31854401 PMCID: PMC7395925 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00915a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The tooth has a unique configuration with respect to biomaterials that are used for its treatment. Cells inside of the dental pulp interface indirectly with biomaterials via a calcified permeable membrane, formed by the dentin matrix and several thousands of dentinal tubules (∼2 μm in diameter). Although the cytotoxic response of the dental pulp to biomaterials has been extensively studied, there is a shortage of in vitro model systems that mimic the dentin-pulp interface and enable an improved understanding of the morphologic, metabolic and functional influence of biomaterials on live dental pulp cells. To address this shortage, here we developed an organ-on-a-chip model system which integrates cells cultured directly on a dentin wall within a microfluidic device that replicates some of the architecture and dynamics of the dentin-pulp interface. The tooth-on-a-chip is made out of molded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a design consisting of two chambers separated by a dentin fragment. To characterize pulp cell responses to dental materials on-chip, stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) were cultured in odontogenic medium and seeded onto the dentin surface, and observed using live-cell microscopy. Next, to evaluate the tooth-on-a-chip as a platform for materials testing, standard dental materials used clinically (2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate - HEMA, phosphoric acid - PA, and Adper-Scotchbond - SB) were tested for cytotoxicity, cell morphology, and metabolic activity on-chip, and compared against standardized off-chip controls. All dental materials had cytotoxic effects in both on-chip and off-chip systems in the following order: HEMA > SB > PA (p < 0.05), and cells presented consistently higher metabolic activity on-chip than off-chip (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the tooth-on-a-chip enabled real-time tracking of gelatinolytic activity in a model hybrid layer (HL) formed in the microdevice, which suggests that dental pulp cells may contribute to the proteolytic activity in the HL more than endogenous proteases. In conclusion, the tooth-on-a-chip is a novel platform that replicates near-physiologic conditions of the pulp-dentin interface and enables live-cell imaging to study dental pulp cell response to biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Miranda França
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Anthony Tahayeri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Nara Sousa Rodrigues
- Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Shirin Ferdosian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | | | - Grigoriy Sereda
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Jack L Ferracane
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. and Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA and Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
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Khalid M, Abdollahi M. Role of lead in dental diseases. J Environ Sci Health C Toxicol Carcinog 2020; 38:329-361. [PMID: 33382012 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2020.1834313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is ubiquitous in our environment and causes many pathophysiological health effects, including dental diseases. Dental Pb levels are considered good biological indicators of environmental and occupational Pb exposure. Pb in blood and saliva causes imbalances in the growth of oral microflora. The pH of saliva decreases, interferes with and interacts with bone-seeking elements, changes oral inflammatory parameters, generates reactive oxygen species, causes oxidative damage, and delays the mineralization process, leading to dental diseases. Pb's dental diseases include periodontitis, enamel lesions and defects, fluorosis, Burton's line, and tooth loss. Environmental and physiological factors, including age, gender, tooth type and position, pregnancy and lactation, eating and drinking habits, smoking habits, and exposures from Pb-contaminated residential and occupational areas, affect the distribution of Pb in blood, bone, and saliva, which contributes to dental diseases. However, living and working in Pb free areas can prevent environmental and occupational Pb exposure. Healthy lifestyles and eating habits, prohibiting smoking and alcohol drinking, further help prevent Pb exposure. Also, the fluoridation of water, salt, and milk provide nutritional supplements of trace elements, which can help prevent teeth from absorbing Pb from the environment, thereby reducing the risk of dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khalid
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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López Steinmetz RL, Fong SB, Boyer E, López Steinmetz LC, Tejerina NE, Meuric V. Lithium and Boron in Calcified Tissues of Vicuna and Their Relation to Chronic Exposure by Water Ingestion in The Andean Lithium Triangle. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39:200-209. [PMID: 31614392 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vicuna is a wild, endangered species of Andean camelid living in the hyperarid Andean plateau. In the central part of the plateau, the Lithium Triangle defines a zone with lithium-rich salt pans. Brine pools naturally form within the salt pans, and the adaptation strategy of vicuna consists of drinking from brine pools. Together with reporting the first chemical data on vicuna bones and teeth, we analyzed lithium, boron, and arsenic in water and brines, with the aim of assessing their relation to chronic exposure by water ingestion. We collected and analyzed bones of vicuna specimens lying in an Andean salt pan, together with brine and water samples. Brine and water samples are highly saline and contain large amounts of lithium, boron, and arsenic. Lithium (13.50-40 mg kg-1 ) and boron (40-46.80 mg kg-1 ), but not arsenic, were found in the vicuna bones and teeth. Based on our results and on previously reported data on human tissues in the Andes, we conducted statistical assessments of the relationships between lithium and boron in body tissues and water samples, and discuss their environmental significance in the context of the Lithium Triangle. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;39:200-209. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Lucrecia López Steinmetz
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (Universidad Nacional de Jujuy-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Jujuy, Argentina
- Instituto de Geología y Minería, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
| | | | - Emile Boyer
- Université Rennes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Nutrition Métabolismes Cancer, Rennes, France
| | - Lorena Cecilia López Steinmetz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Enfermera Gordillo y Enrique Barros, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Vincent Meuric
- Université Rennes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Nutrition Métabolismes Cancer, Rennes, France
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Beridze M, Shishniashvili T, Margvelashvili V, Suladze N, Manjavidze N. [THE ROLE OF ESSENTIAL MACRO- AND MICROELEMENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOMATIC AND DENTAL DISEASES]. Georgian Med News 2019:63-67. [PMID: 32011297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to monitor the prevalence and intensity of dental caries, to establish the relationship between general and dental health and the content of essential macro- and micronutrients in the hair and teeth of children and adolescents. A comprehensive epidemiological study was conducted according to the WHO methodology in 375 children aged 3 to 12 years. It was revealed that the prevalence of dental caries increases with age and amounts to 79.6% at the age of 3-6 years, with an intensity of 5.8; at 7-9 years old - 89.5% with DMF + DF - 6.3; at 10-12 years old - 95.6% with a DMF of 5.2. To establish the relationship between general and dental health and the elemental composition of the body in 47 children, the content of essential macro - and microelements was revealed in the hair and dental hard tissues. The established regularity of the content of chemical elements allows us to assume that elemental homeostasis has a significant effect on the human body, which may be impaired by inadequate supply or incompatibility of the elements. Determination of macro - and micronutrients in hair and teeth is an integrative test in the diagnosis of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beridze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
| | - T Shishniashvili
- Tbilisi State Medical University, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
| | - V Margvelashvili
- Tbilisi State Medical University, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
| | - N Suladze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
| | - N Manjavidze
- Tbilisi State Medical University, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
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Pro JW, Barthelat F. Discrete element models of tooth enamel, a complex three-dimensional biological composite. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:536-552. [PMID: 31055119 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enamel, the hard surface layer of teeth, is a three-dimensional biological composite made of crisscrossing mineral rods bonded by softer proteins. Structure-property relationships in this complex material have been difficult to capture and usually require computationally expensive models. Here we present more efficient discrete element models (DEM) of tooth enamel that can capture the effects of rod decussation and rod-to-interface stiffness contrast on modulus, hardness, and fracture resistance. Enamel-like microstructures were generated using an idealized biological growth model that captures rod decussation. The orthotropic elastic moduli were modeled with a unit cell, and surface hardness was captured with virtual indentation test. Macroscopic crack growth was also modeled directly through rupture of interfaces and rods in a virtual fracture specimen with an initial notch. We show that the resistance curves increase indefinitely when rod fracture is avoided, with the inelastic region, crack branching, and 3D tortuosity being the main sources of toughness. Increasing the decussation angle simultaneously increases the size of the inelastic region and the crack resistance while decreasing the enamel axial modulus, hardness, and rod stress. In addition, larger contrasts of stiffness between the rods and their interfaces promote high overall stiffness, hardness, and crack resistance. These insights provide better guidelines for reconstructive dental materials, and for development of bioinspired hard materials with unique combinations of mechanical properties. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Enamel is the hardest, most mineralized material in the human body with a complex 3D micro-architecture consisting of crisscrossing mineral rods bonded by softer proteins. Like many hard biological composites, enamel displays an attractive combination of toughness, hardness, and stiffness, owing to its unique microstructure. However few numerical models explore the enamel structure-property relations, as modeling large volumes of this complex microstructure presents computational bottlenecks. In this study, we present a computationally efficient Discrete-element method (DEM) based approach that captures the effect of rod crisscrossing and stiffness mismatch on the enamel hardness, stiffness, and toughness. The models offer new insight into the micromechanics of enamel that could improve design guidelines for reconstructive dental materials and bioinspired composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J William Pro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Francois Barthelat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada.
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