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Ding J, Liu XC, Hong J, Zhang QM, Xu XW, Liu YQ, Yu CQ. Knowledge about, attitudes toward and acceptance and predictors of intention to receive the mpox vaccine among cancer patients in China: A cross-sectional survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2337157. [PMID: 38644633 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2337157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the knowledge about, attitudes toward, and acceptance and predictors of receiving the mpox vaccine among Chinese cancer patients. Patients were selected using a convenience sampling method. A web-based self-report questionnaire was developed to assess cancer patients' knowledge, attitudes, and acceptance regarding the mpox vaccine. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of acceptance of the mpox vaccine. A total of 805 cancer patients were included in this study, with a vaccine hesitancy rate of 27.08%. Approximately 66% of the patients' information about mpox and the vaccine came from the mass media, and there was a significant bias in the hesitant group's knowledge about mpox and the vaccine. Multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested that retirement; chemotherapy; the belief that the mpox vaccine could prevent disease, that vaccination should be compulsory when appropriate and that the mpox vaccine prevents mpox and reduces complications; the willingness to pay for the mpox vaccine; the willingness to recommend that friends and family receive the mpox vaccine; and the belief that the mpox vaccine should be distributed fairly and equitably were factors that promoted vaccination. The belief that mpox worsens tumor prognosis was a driving factor for vaccine hesitancy. This study investigated the knowledge of cancer patients about mpox and the vaccine, evaluated the acceptance and hesitancy rates of the mpox vaccine and examined the predictors of vaccination intention. We suggest that the government scientifically promote the vaccine and develop policies such as free vaccination and personalized vaccination to increase the awareness and acceptance rate of the mpox vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- TCM gynecology department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Chen Liu
- Pathology department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrative Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Mei Zhang
- Anesthesiology department, Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Xu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Qun Liu
- TCM gynecology department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Qin Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- TCM gynecology department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Charania NA, Tonumaipe'a D, Barbarich-Unasa TW, Iusitini L, Davis G, Pacheco G, Wilson D. Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceptions of national scheduled childhood vaccines among Māori and Pacific caregivers, whānau, and healthcare professionals in Aotearoa New Zealand. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2301626. [PMID: 38205779 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2301626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In Aotearoa New Zealand, there has been a marked decrease in the uptake of routine childhood vaccinations since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among Māori and Pacific children. This Māori and Pacific-centered research used an interpretive description methodology. We undertook culturally informed interviews and discussions with Māori and Pacific caregivers (n = 24) and healthcare professionals (n = 13) to understand their perceptions of routine childhood vaccines. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and privileged respective Māori and Pacific worldviews. Four themes were constructed. "We go with the norm" reflected how social norms, health personnel and institutions promoted (and sometimes coerced) participants' acceptance of routine vaccines before the pandemic. "Everything became difficult" explains how the pandemic added challenges to the daily struggles of whānau (extended family networks) and healthcare professionals. Participants noted how information sources influenced disease and vaccine perceptions and health behaviors. "It needed to have an ethnic-specific approach" highlighted the inappropriateness of Western-centric strategies that dominated during the initial pandemic response that did not meet the needs of Māori and Pacific communities. Participants advocated for whānau-centric vaccination efforts. "People are now finding their voice" expressed renewed agency among whānau about vaccination following the immense pressure to receive COVID-19 vaccines. The pandemic created an opportune time to support informed parental vaccine decision-making in a manner that enhances the mana (authority, control) of whānau. Māori and Pacific-led vaccination strategies should be embedded in immunization service delivery to improve uptake and immunization experiences for whānau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A Charania
- Department of Public Health, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daysha Tonumaipe'a
- New Zealand Work Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Te Wai Barbarich-Unasa
- Taupua Waiora Centre for Māori Health Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leon Iusitini
- New Zealand Work Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Georgina Davis
- Taupua Waiora Centre for Māori Health Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gail Pacheco
- New Zealand Work Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Denise Wilson
- Taupua Waiora Centre for Māori Health Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Williams JTB, Kurlandsky K, Breslin K, Durfee MJ, Stein A, Hurley L, Shoup JA, Reifler LM, Daley MF, Lewin BJ, Goddard K, Henninger ML, Nelson JC, Vazquez-Benitez G, Hanson KE, Fuller CC, Weintraub ES, McNeil MM, Hambidge SJ. Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccines Among Pregnant and Recently Pregnant Individuals. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e245479. [PMID: 38587844 PMCID: PMC11002697 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.5479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Pregnant people and infants are at high risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Understanding changes in attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines among pregnant and recently pregnant people is important for public health messaging. Objective To assess attitudinal trends regarding COVID-19 vaccines by (1) vaccination status and (2) race, ethnicity, and language among samples of pregnant and recently pregnant Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) members from 2021 to 2023. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional surveye study included pregnant or recently pregnant members of the VSD, a collaboration of 13 health care systems and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Unvaccinated, non-Hispanic Black, and Spanish-speaking members were oversampled. Wave 1 took place from October 2021 to February 2022, and wave 2 took place from November 2022 to February 2023. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to September 2023. Exposures Self-reported or electronic health record (EHR)-derived race, ethnicity, and preferred language. Main Outcomes and Measures Self-reported vaccination status and attitudes toward monovalent (wave 1) or bivalent Omicron booster (wave 2) COVID-19 vaccines. Sample- and response-weighted analyses assessed attitudes by vaccination status and 3 race, ethnicity, and language groupings of interest. Results There were 1227 respondents; all identified as female, the mean (SD) age was 31.7 (5.6) years, 356 (29.0%) identified as Black race, 555 (45.2%) identified as Hispanic ethnicity, and 445 (36.3%) preferred the Spanish language. Response rates were 43.5% for wave 1 (652 of 1500 individuals sampled) and 39.5% for wave 2 (575 of 1456 individuals sampled). Respondents were more likely than nonrespondents to be White, non-Hispanic, and vaccinated per EHR. Overall, 76.8% (95% CI, 71.5%-82.2%) reported 1 or more COVID-19 vaccinations; Spanish-speaking Hispanic respondents had the highest weighted proportion of respondents with 1 or more vaccination. Weighted estimates of somewhat or strongly agreeing that COVID-19 vaccines are safe decreased from wave 1 to 2 for respondents who reported 1 or more vaccinations (76% vs 50%; χ21 = 7.8; P < .001), non-Hispanic White respondents (72% vs 43%; χ21 = 5.4; P = .02), and Spanish-speaking Hispanic respondents (76% vs 53%; χ21 = 22.8; P = .002). Conclusions and Relevance Decreasing confidence in COVID-19 vaccine safety in a large, diverse pregnant and recently pregnant insured population is a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T. B. Williams
- Ambulatory Care Services, Denver Health and Hospitals, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Kate Kurlandsky
- Ambulatory Care Services, Denver Health and Hospitals, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kristin Breslin
- Ambulatory Care Services, Denver Health and Hospitals, Denver, Colorado
| | - M. Joshua Durfee
- Ambulatory Care Services, Denver Health and Hospitals, Denver, Colorado
| | - Amy Stein
- Ambulatory Care Services, Denver Health and Hospitals, Denver, Colorado
| | - Laura Hurley
- Ambulatory Care Services, Denver Health and Hospitals, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jo Ann Shoup
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora
| | - Liza M. Reifler
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora
| | - Matthew F. Daley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Candace C. Fuller
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric S. Weintraub
- Immunization Safety Office, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael M. McNeil
- Immunization Safety Office, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Simon J. Hambidge
- Ambulatory Care Services, Denver Health and Hospitals, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
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Head JR, Collender PA, León TM, White LA, Sud SR, Camponuri SK, Lee V, Lewnard JA, Remais JV. COVID-19 Vaccination and Incidence of Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Hospitalization. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e247822. [PMID: 38652476 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.7822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was approved for adolescents aged 12 to 15 years on May 10, 2021, with approval for younger age groups following thereafter. The population level impact of the pediatric COVID-19 vaccination program has not yet been established. Objective To identify whether California's pediatric COVID-19 immunization program was associated with changes in pediatric COVID-19 incidence and hospitalizations. Design, Setting, and Participants A case series on COVID-19 vaccination including children aged 6 months to 15 years was conducted in California. Data were obtained on COVID-19 cases in California between April 1, 2020, and February 27, 2023. Exposure Postvaccination evaluation periods spanned 141 days (June 10 to October 29, 2021) for adolescents aged 12 to 15 years, 199 days (November 29, 2021, to June 17, 2022) for children aged 5 to 11 years, and 225 days (July 17, 2022, to February 27, 2023) for those aged 6 to 59 months. During these periods, statewide vaccine coverage reached 53.5% among adolescents aged 12 to 15 years, 34.8% among children aged 5 to 11 years, and 7.9% among those aged 6 to 59 months. Main Outcomes and Measures Age-stepped implementation of COVID-19 vaccination was used to compare observed county-level incidence and hospitalization rates during periods when each age group became vaccine eligible to counterfactual rates predicted from observations among other age groups. COVID-19 case and hospitalization data were obtained from the California reportable disease surveillance system. Results Between April 1, 2020, and February 27, 2023, a total of 3 913 063 pediatric COVID-19 cases and 12 740 hospitalizations were reported in California. Reductions of 146 210 cases (95% prediction interval [PI], 136 056-158 948) were estimated among adolescents aged 12 to 15 years, corresponding to a 37.1% (35.5%-39.1%) reduction from counterfactual predictions. Reductions of 230 134 (200 170-265 149) cases were estimated among children aged 5 to 11 years, corresponding to a 23.7% (20.6%-27.3%) reduction from counterfactual predictions. No evidence of reductions in COVID-19 cases statewide were found among children aged 6 to 59 months (estimated averted cases, -259; 95% PI, -1938 to 1019), although low transmission during the evaluation period may have limited the ability to do so. An estimated 168 hospitalizations (95% PI, 42-324) were averted among children aged 6 to 59 months, corresponding to a 24.4% (95% PI, 6.1%-47.1%) reduction. In meta-analyses, county-level vaccination coverage was associated with averted cases for all age groups. Despite low vaccination coverage, pediatric COVID-19 immunization in California averted 376 085 (95% PI, 348 355-417 328) reported cases and 273 (95% PI, 77-605) hospitalizations among children aged 6 months to 15 years over approximately 4 to 7 months following vaccination availability. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this case series analysis of 3 913 063 cases suggest reduced pediatric SARS-CoV-2 transmission following immunization. These results support the use of COVID-19 vaccines to reduce COVID-19 incidence and hospitalization in pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Head
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Insitute for Global Change Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Philip A Collender
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Tomás M León
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond
| | | | - Sohil R Sud
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond
| | - Simon K Camponuri
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Vivian Lee
- College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Joseph A Lewnard
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Justin V Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley
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Ramey-Collier KL, Okunbor JI, Lunn SR, Feng K, Truong T, Weaver KE, Swamy GK, Wheeler SM. Prenatal Vaccination Patterns among Birthing Individuals with History of Preterm Birth in the Pre- and Post-COVID Era. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:548-553. [PMID: 36646099 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore vaccination acceptance among individuals with a history of preterm birth between March and June during the pre-COVID (2019), early-COVID (2020), and late-COVID (2021) periods. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional, retrospective cohort study of pregnant individuals with a history of preterm birth (<37 weeks' gestation) who initiated care of a subsequent pregnancy during pre-COVID (March-June 2019), early-COVID (March-June 2020), or late-COVID (March-June 2021). The primary outcome of interest was vaccination status for influenza, Tdap, and COVID-19 vaccines. Fisher's exact and chi-square tests were used to investigate association between vaccination status and time periods, race/ethnicity, and insurance. RESULTS Among 293 pregnancies, influenza vaccination rate was highest in early-COVID (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in Tdap or COVID-19 vaccination between time periods. COVID-19 vaccination was highest in individuals with private insurance (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in vaccination status by race/ethnicity. CONCLUSION In this study on high-risk pregnant individuals, the majority of our cohort remained unvaccinated against COVID-19 into the late-COVID period. Additionally, their influenza vaccination rates were greater than the national average in early-COVID and substantially lower than the national average in late-COVID. This shift in influenza vaccination acceptance may have been sparked by COVID-19 vaccine distribution beginning in January 2021 leading to overall vaccination hesitancy. Standardized guidelines and counseling concerning prenatal safety in recommended immunizations may serve as important tools of reassurance and health promotion. KEY POINTS · Maternal infections during pregnancy are a risk factor for preterm birth.. · High-risk cohort had low influenza vaccination post-COVID possibly due to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.. · Vaccination education may be a uniquely important tool among high-risk pregnant patients..
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siera R Lunn
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kelvin Feng
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tracy Truong
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kristin E Weaver
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Geeta K Swamy
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sarahn M Wheeler
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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6
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Patel A, Puglisi JL, Patel S, Tarn DM. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Pregnant Women in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:453-466. [PMID: 38112561 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Pregnant women are vulnerable to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications, yet may hesitate to get vaccinated. It is important to identify racial/ethnic and other individual characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the United States during pregnancy. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for articles published through January 2023 for keywords/terms related to immunization, COVID-19, and pregnancy, and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine characteristics associated with vaccine acceptance. Results: Of 1,592 articles, 23 met inclusion criteria (focused on pregnant women in the United States, and their willingness or hesitation to vaccinate). Twenty-two of the studies examined receipt of ≥1 COVID-19 vaccine dose and/or intention to vaccinate, while one examined vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine acceptance rates ranged from 7% to 78.3%. Meta-analyses demonstrated that compared with Whites, Hispanics (odds ratios [OR] 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58-0.91) and Blacks (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.30-0.63) had less COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, while Asians (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.10-2.88) had greater vaccine acceptance. College graduation or more (OR 3.25; 95% CI 2.53-4.17), receipt or intention to receive the influenza vaccine (OR 3.46; 95% CI 2.22-5.41), and at least part-time employment (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.66-2.72) were significantly associated with vaccine acceptance. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccine nonacceptance in pregnant women is associated with Hispanic ethnicity and Black race, while acceptance is associated with Asian race, college education or more, at least part-time employment, and acceptance of the influenza vaccine. Future COVID-19 vaccination campaigns can target identified subgroups of pregnant women who are less likely to accept vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Patel
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
| | - Jose L Puglisi
- Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, California, USA
| | - Seeta Patel
- College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Derjung M Tarn
- Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Imran M, Puig-Barbera J, Ortiz JR, Lopez-Gonzalez L, Dean A, Bonafede M, Haag MDM. Relative Effectiveness of the MF59®-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine Versus High-Dose and Non-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccines in Preventing Cardiorespiratory Hospitalizations During the 2019-2020 US Influenza Season. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13288. [PMID: 38644564 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults ≥ 65 years of age have suboptimal influenza vaccination responses compared to younger adults due to age-related immunosenescence. Two vaccines were specifically developed to enhance protection: MF59-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (aIIV3) and high-dose egg-based trivalent influenza vaccine (HD-IIV3e). METHODS In a retrospective cohort study conducted using US electronic medical records linked to claims data during the 2019-2020 influenza season, we compared the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of aIIV3 with HD-IIV3e and a standard-dose non-adjuvanted egg-based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4e) for the prevention of cardiorespiratory hospitalizations, including influenza hospitalizations. We evaluated outcomes in the "any" diagnosis position and the "admitting" position on the claim. A doubly robust methodology using inverse probability of treatment weighting and logistic regression was used to adjust for covariate imbalance. rVE was calculated as 100 * (1 - ORadjusted). RESULTS The study included 4,299,594 adults ≥ 65 years of age who received aIIV3, HD-IIV3e, or IIV4e. Overall, aIIV3 was associated with lower proportions of cardiorespiratory hospitalizations with diagnoses in any position compared to HD-IIV3e (rVE = 3.9% [95% CI, 2.7-5.0]) or IIV4e (9.0% [95% CI, 7.7-10.4]). Specifically, aIIV3 was more effective compared with HD-IIV3e and IIV4e in preventing influenza hospitalizations (HD-IIV3e: 9.7% [95% CI, 1.9-17.0]; IIV4e: 25.3% [95% CI, 17.7-32.2]). Consistent trends were observed for admitting diagnoses. CONCLUSION Relative to both HD-IIV3e and IIV4e, aIIV3 provided improved protection from cardiorespiratory or influenza hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin R Ortiz
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Harris E. HPV Vaccination Rates Stagnated During COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA 2024; 331:1001. [PMID: 38446437 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
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9
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Agimas MC, Adugna DG, Derseh NM, Kassaw A, Kassie YT, Abate HK, Mekonnen CK. Uptake of human papilloma virus vaccine and its determinants among females in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:842. [PMID: 38500046 PMCID: PMC10949808 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women. It is the main cause of death among women in sub-Saharan African countries. Particularly, the incidence and mortality rates are highest in East Africa. Even though the burden of human papilloma virus-related cervical cancer is high in East Africa, there is no conclusive evidence about the prevalence of human papilloma virus vaccine uptake and its predictors. OBJECTIVE To assess the pooled prevalence of human papilloma virus vaccine uptake and its determinants in East Africa. METHOD Eligible articles were searched on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Google. Those articles incorporating the outcome of interest, both analytical and descriptive study designs, and published or unpublished articles at any time were included. Keywords and Medical Subjects Heading terms or synonyms of human papilloma virus vaccine and Boolean operators were used to retrieve the articles. To assure the quality of articles, Joana Brigg's Institute critical appraisal checklist for cross-sectional studies was used. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the heterogeneity among the studies, and a random effect model was used to analyze the pooled effect size. RESULT A total of 29 articles were included, and the pooled prevalence of HPV vaccine uptake in East Africa was 35% (95% CI: 26-45%). Good knowledge (OR = 1.6, 95%CI; 1.43-1.8), positive attitude (OR = 2.54, 95% CI; 2.13-3.03), ever heard about HPV vaccine (OR = 1.41, 95% CI; 1.03-1.94), mother educational status above college (OR = 1.84, 95%CI; 1.03-3.31), middle wealth index (OR = 1.33, 95%CI; 1.04-1.7), ≥ 9 family size (OR = 0.76, 95%CI; 0.68-0.98), availability of promotion (OR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.51-4.26), availability of adequate vaccine (OR = 4.84, 95%CI; 2.9-8.08), outreach vaccination practice (OR = 1.47, 95%CI; 1.02-2.12) and family support (OR = 4.3, 95% CI; 2.98-6.21) were the significant factors for the uptake of human papilloma virus vaccine. CONCLUSION As compared to the global strategic plan, the pooled prevalence of HPV vaccine uptake in east Africa was low. The uptake of the HPV vaccine was higher among adolescents than youths. Knowledge about the HPV vaccine, attitude towards the HPV vaccine, ever hearing about the HPV vaccine, residence, mother's educational status, mother's occupational status, wealth index, and family size were the significant determinants of HPV vaccine uptake. Therefore, we recommend focusing on awareness creation and behavioral change to expand the uptake of vaccines in East Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muluken Chanie Agimas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of public health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Dagnew Getnet Adugna
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nebiyu Mekonnen Derseh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of public health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Kassaw
- Department of pediatric health nursing, college health science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Tesfahun Kassie
- Department of Emergency and critical care nursing, college of health science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Hailemichael Kindie Abate
- Department of medical nursing, school of Nursing, College of Medicine and health science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Chilot Kassa Mekonnen
- Department of medical nursing, school of Nursing, College of Medicine and health science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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10
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Hsieh N. Unpacking Intersectional Inequities in Flu Vaccination by Sexuality, Gender, and Race-Ethnicity in the United States. J Health Soc Behav 2024; 65:38-59. [PMID: 37776198 PMCID: PMC10922600 DOI: 10.1177/00221465231199276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Health care research has long overlooked the intersection of multiple social inequalities. This study examines influenza vaccination inequities at the intersection of sexuality, gender, and race-ethnicity. Using data from the 2013 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey (N = 166,908), the study shows that sexual, gender, and racial-ethnic identities jointly shaped flu vaccination. Specifically, White gay men had the highest vaccination rate (56%), while Black bisexual women had the lowest rate (23%). Across Black, Hispanic, and White individuals, sexual minority women had lower vaccination rates than heterosexual women, but sexual minority men had higher or similar vaccination rates than heterosexual men. Economic enabling, noneconomic enabling, and need-based factors together explained a substantial portion of these gaps. However, they cannot explain all the disadvantages faced by Black lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual women and Black heterosexual men. Findings offer new evidence of hidden health care inequities and inform health policies from an intersectional perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Hsieh
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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11
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Harris E. Missed Vaccine Doses Tied to Worse COVID-19 Outcomes. JAMA 2024; 331:554. [PMID: 38294786 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.28340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
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12
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Harris E. CDC Warns of Low Vaccination Rates Amid Spike in Respiratory Diseases. JAMA 2024; 331:384. [PMID: 38231495 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.27428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
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13
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Norman M, Magnus MC, Söderling J, Juliusson PB, Navér L, Örtqvist AK, Håberg S, Stephansson O. Neonatal Outcomes After COVID-19 Vaccination in Pregnancy. JAMA 2024; 331:396-407. [PMID: 38319332 PMCID: PMC10848052 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.26945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Importance Better knowledge about neonatal adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy could help address concerns about vaccine safety. Objective To evaluate the risks of neonatal adverse events after exposure to COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based cohort study including all infants in Sweden and Norway born from June 2021 to January 2023. Unique personal identity numbers were used to link individual information from different national registers. Exposure Administration of any mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 during pregnancy, irrespective of previous vaccination, number of doses during pregnancy, or vaccine manufacturer. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes were neonatal conditions with bleeding/thrombosis or inflammation/infection; disorders of the central nervous system; circulatory, respiratory, or gastrointestinal problems; and neonatal mortality. Statistical methods included logistic regression adjusted for characteristics of the pregnant individuals, with additional restricted and stratified analyses. Results Of 196 470 newborn infants included (51.3% male, 93.8% born at term, 62.5% born in Sweden), 94 303 (48.0%) were exposed to COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. Exposed infants exhibited no increased odds of adverse neonatal outcomes, and they exhibited lower odds for neonatal nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (event rate, 1.7 vs 3.2/1000; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61-0.99]), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (1.8 vs 2.7/1000; aOR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.55-0.96]), and neonatal mortality (0.9 vs 1.8/1000; aOR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.50-0.91]). Subgroup analyses found a similar association between vaccination during pregnancy and lower neonatal mortality; subgroups were restricted to infants delivered by individuals unvaccinated before pregnancy, individuals vaccinated before pregnancy, individuals vaccinated after a general recommendation of vaccination during pregnancy was issued, and individuals without COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. Analyses restricted to term infants, singleton births, or infants without birth defects yielded similar results. Stratifying the analysis by vaccine manufacturer did not attenuate the association between vaccination and low neonatal mortality. Conclusions and Relevance In this large population-based study, vaccination of pregnant individuals with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines was not associated with increased risks of neonatal adverse events in their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Norman
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria C. Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Söderling
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petur B. Juliusson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health Registry Research and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Navér
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne K. Örtqvist
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Visby County Hospital, Visby, Sweden
| | - Siri Håberg
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olof Stephansson
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Soares GH, Hedges J, Poirier B, Sethi S, Jamieson L. Deadly places: The role of geography in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander COVID-19 vaccination. Aust N Z J Public Health 2024; 48:100130. [PMID: 38354624 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the geospatial distribution of COVID-19 vaccination rates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples across Local Government Areas in Australia. METHODS We described the patterns of COVID-19 vaccination across jurisdictions, identified clusters with different levels of vaccination uptake, and assessed the relationship between contextual factors and vaccination (spatial error model, spatial lag model, and geographic weighted regression). RESULTS The proportion of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population that received at least two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine by the last week of June 2022 ranged from 62.9% to 97.5% across Local Government Areas. The proportion of the overall population who is Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (β = 0.280, standard deviation [SD] = 1.92), proportion of the total labour force employed (β =0.286, SD = 0.98), and proportion of individuals who speak an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander language (β =0.215, SD = 0.15) had, on average, the strongest effects on COVID-19 vaccination rates. CONCLUSION Findings underscore the extent to which area-level demographic influence the COVID-19 vaccination for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH Findings can inform vaccination strategies that prioritise geographic areas with higher vulnerability to promote equity for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Hermes Soares
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Joanne Hedges
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brianna Poirier
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. https://twitter.com/@briannapoirier
| | - Sneha Sethi
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. https://twitter.com/@drsnehasethi
| | - Lisa Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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15
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Rubin R. Despite Safe and Effective Vaccine, Measles Cases and Deaths Increased Worldwide From 2021 to 2022. JAMA 2024; 331:188-189. [PMID: 38117505 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.25527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
This Medical News story discusses the latest data on measles cases, deaths, and vaccination coverage worldwide.
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16
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Zwickl S, Ruggles T, Wong AFQ, Ginger A, Angus LM, Eshin K, Cook T, Cheung AS. Disruption of gender-affirming health care, and COVID-19 illness, testing, and vaccination among trans Australians during the pandemic: a cross-sectional survey. Med J Aust 2024; 220:23-28. [PMID: 37994182 PMCID: PMC10952718 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess rates of disruption of gender-affirming health care, of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness, testing, and vaccination, and of discrimination in health care among Australian trans people during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN, SETTING Online cross-sectional survey (1-31 May 2022); respondents were participants recruited by snowball sampling for TRANSform, an Australian longitudinal survey-based trans health study, 1 May - 30 June 2020. PARTICIPANTS People aged 16 years or older, currently living in Australia, and with a gender different to their sex recorded at birth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proportions of respondents who reported disruptions to gender-affirming health care, COVID-19 illness, testing, and vaccination, and positive and negative experiences during health care. RESULTS Of 875 people invited, 516 provided valid survey responses (59%). Their median age was 33 years (interquartile range, 26-45 years); 193 identified as women or trans women (37%), 185 as men or trans men (36%), and 138 as non-binary (27%). Of 448 respondents receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy, 230 (49%) reported disruptions to treatment during the pandemic; booked gender-affirming surgery had been cancelled or postponed for 37 of 85 respondents (44%). Trans-related discrimination during health care was reported by a larger proportion of participants than in a pre-pandemic survey (56% v 26%). COVID-19 was reported by 132 respondents (26%), of whom 49 reported health consequences three months or more after the acute illness (37%; estimated Australian rate: 5-10%). Three or more COVID-19 vaccine doses were reported by 448 participants (87%; Australian adult rate: 70%). CONCLUSIONS High rates of COVID-19 vaccination among the trans people we surveyed may reflect the effectiveness of LGBTIQA+ community-controlled organisation vaccination programs and targeted health promotion. Training health care professionals in inclusive services for trans people could improve access to appropriate health care and reduce discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lachlan M Angus
- The University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC
- Austin HealthMelbourneVIC
| | | | | | - Ada S Cheung
- The University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC
- Austin HealthMelbourneVIC
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17
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Liepins T, Davie G, Miller R, Whitehead J, De Graaf B, Clay L, Crengle S, Nixon G. Rural-urban variation in COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Aotearoa New Zealand: Examining the national roll-out. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e7. [PMID: 38174436 PMCID: PMC10789992 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to understand rural-urban differences in the uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations during the peak period of the national vaccination roll-out in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Using a linked national dataset of health service users aged 12+ years and COVID-19 immunization records, age-standardized rates of vaccination uptake were calculated at fortnightly intervals, between June and December 2021, by rurality, ethnicity, and region. Rate ratios were calculated for each rurality category with the most urban areas (U1) used as the reference. Overall, rural vaccination rates lagged behind urban rates, despite early rapid rural uptake. By December 2021, a rural-urban gradient developed, with age-standardized coverage for R3 areas (most rural) at 77%, R2 81%, R1 83%, U2 85%, and U1 (most urban) 89%. Age-based assessments illustrate the rural-urban vaccination uptake gap was widest for those aged 12-44 years, with older people (65+) having broadly consistent levels of uptake regardless of rurality. Variations from national trends are observable by ethnicity. Early in the roll-out, Indigenous Māori residing in R3 areas had a higher uptake than Māori in U1, and Pacific peoples in R1 had a higher uptake than those in U1. The extent of differences in rural-urban vaccine uptake also varied by region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talis Liepins
- Department of General Practice and Rural Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gabrielle Davie
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rory Miller
- Department of General Practice and Rural Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jesse Whitehead
- Te Ngira Institute for Population Research, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Brandon De Graaf
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lynne Clay
- Department of General Practice and Rural Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sue Crengle
- Ngāi Tahu Māori Health Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Garry Nixon
- Department of General Practice and Rural Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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18
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Fujita AW, Goolsby TA, Powell KM, Cartwright EJ. Increased Vaccine Uptake Among Eligible Patients at a Veterans Affairs Hospital Through an Inpatient COVID-19 Vaccination Program, Atlanta, Georgia, 2021. Public Health Rep 2024; 139:94-101. [PMID: 37924253 PMCID: PMC10905767 DOI: 10.1177/00333549231203238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inpatient vaccination is an opportunity to increase vaccine uptake among patients at high risk for severe COVID-19 illness. We designed and implemented a hospital-based COVID-19 vaccination program with the aim of increasing documentation of vaccine eligibility and COVID-19 vaccination to eligible inpatients before discharge. METHODS We integrated a templated note into the electronic medical records and trained health care personnel to screen inpatients and document COVID-19 vaccine eligibility at the Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Vaccination staff deployed to inpatient wards administered the vaccine to eligible and consenting patients at the bedside. We calculated the number of inpatients whose vaccine eligibility was assessed and documented during a 4-week period after health care personnel were trained. We used the Wald χ2 test to compare the proportion of eligible patients who were vaccinated before discharge 4 weeks before (March 29-April 23, 2021) and 4 weeks after (May 3-28, 2021) the training period. RESULTS During the 4 weeks before the training period, COVID-19 vaccine eligibility was not routinely assessed and documented. Of 793 inpatients discharged during the 4 weeks after the training period, 470 (59%) had COVID-19 vaccine eligibility documented. Of 86 patients who were eligible for vaccination, 61 (71%) received COVID-19 vaccination before discharge. COVID-19 vaccination rates during hospitalization increased significantly from 16 of 769 inpatients (2%) during the 4 weeks before training to 61 of 793 inpatients (8%) during the 4 weeks after training (P < .001). CONCLUSION An inpatient vaccination program that integrated COVID-19 vaccination into discharge planning increased vaccine screening and uptake. Future studies are needed to identify barriers to vaccination and strategies to increase vaccine uptake among those who are hesitant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Wendy Fujita
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Emily J. Cartwright
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Atlanta, GA, USA
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19
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Shao H, Lin XQ, Chen Y, Lv L, Ying CQ, Tung TH, Zhu JS. Willingness of college students to receive COVID-19 heterologous vaccination in Taizhou, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2158012. [PMID: 36606519 PMCID: PMC9980617 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2158012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the willingness of college students to choose COVID-19 heterologous vaccination and its associated influencing factors in Taizhou, China. A population-based, self-administered online questionnaire was conducted from March 15 to 17, 2022. Of the 2,463 participants who had received the invitation, 1,821 responded to the survey (response rate = 73.9%). Only 14% (86/614) of those willing to receive a booster would chose a heterologous vaccination; the perception of better effectiveness of a COVID-19 heterologous vaccination booster was the significant factor (X2 = 22.671, p < .001). Additionally, female college students'older age (χ2 = 7.523, P = .023), major of medical (χ2 = 6.294, P = .012), and better perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 heterologous vaccination booster (χ2 = 22.659, P < .001), were more willing to receive heterologous booster doses. Chinese college students have a strong willingness to receive booster shots, but the percentage of those willing to receive a heterologous vaccine is only 14.0%, and the lack of understanding of its effectiveness is an important factor in the low proportion of heterologous vaccine selection. Health education, public health awareness, and the disclosure of heterologous vaccine information can help improve the public's understanding of heterologous vaccines and provide them with more choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen-Qian Ying
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Medical University, Wenzhou, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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20
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Villaverde Piñeiro L, Cachafeiro Pin AI, Tajes González YM, Neira Blanco P, Arias Fernández L, Vázquez López M, Blanco Hortas A, Castro Rubiños C, Aparici Bolufer JV. Impact of a pharmaceutical intervention on influenza vaccination in patients receiving treatment with biological medicines. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2023; 31:36-39. [PMID: 35361619 PMCID: PMC10800260 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-003175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were twofold - to determine the impact of a health education intervention led by a hospital pharmacy department on influenza vaccination take-up in patients diagnosed with immune-mediated diseases. Patients were receiving treatment with biological medicines. Secondly, to compare those rates with the vaccination percentages of another hospital pharmacy with similar characteristics in which no educational intervention was conducted. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with immune-mediated diseases receiving treatment with biological medicines. The medicines were dispensed by the hospital pharmacy departments of two hospitals between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2020. In Cohort A (intervention group), a health education strategy was implemented with regards to influenza vaccination. Cohort B acted as a control group. The influenza vaccination rates obtained in both cohorts during 2019 and 2020 were compared. RESULT A total of 355 patients took part in the study - 148 (41.7%) in Cohort A and 207 (58.3%) in Cohort B. The hospital pharmacy department in Cohort A implemented a health education strategy after which the vaccination percentage during the 2020 campaign increased by 38 patients (45.7%), compared with a 10 patient (5.8%) increase in Cohort B (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The health intervention by the pharmacy department had a positive impact. This included an opportunity to improve vaccination take-up and is a strategy to consider when implementing a vaccination programme. Health education is a fundamental objective of healthcare. In our case it led to an increase in vaccination and had a positive impact on public health. It also provides opportunities for pharmacists to work in a multidisciplinary way with other healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrés Blanco Hortas
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Galicia, Spain
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21
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Harris E. Measles Outbreaks Grow Amid Declining Vaccination Rates. JAMA 2023; 330:2242. [PMID: 38019492 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.23511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
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22
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Rosado JI, Costero JM, Wang Y. COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Hesitancy in a Latino Agricultural Community. Health Educ Behav 2023; 50:815-821. [PMID: 37118930 PMCID: PMC10149520 DOI: 10.1177/10901981231167893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy is believed to be among the top global health threats. U.S. Latinos have disproportionately been affected by the pandemic and have higher COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This study applied the Vaccine Hesitancy Determinants Matrix to understand COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a Latino agricultural community. Surveys were conducted with 180 adults from a Migrant Community Health Center to measure pandemic experiences and hesitancy factors across three categories: individual and group factors, vaccine/vaccination-specific factors, and contextual factors. Approximately 16% of participants reported having tested positive for COVID-19, 90% endorsed loss of income, and 47% reported their mental health was affected. Only 46% received a COVID-19 vaccine. Common individual vaccine hesitancy factors included worry about side effects, worry that vaccines cause infection, and concern that side effects would be worse than the virus. Vaccine/vaccination-specific factors included concern about how quickly COVID-19 vaccines were developed and concern about there being insufficient research on their effectiveness, potential risks, and side effects. Common contextual factors included religious beliefs and political mistrust. Logistic regression results indicated that subjects who tested positive for COVID-19, or had a coworker who tested positive were more likely to get vaccinated. The odds ratio of being vaccinated increased with age. Subjects who endorsed concern that vaccine side effects were worse than the virus were less likely to be vaccinated. Results highlight that there are health literacy gaps among Latino communities such as interpretation of vaccine efficacy and safety to gain a more accurate understanding of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuxia Wang
- Florida State University, Immokalee,
FL, USA
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23
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Gulle BT, Oren MM, Dal T. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Turkey: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e199. [PMID: 37997650 PMCID: PMC10728987 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy in Turkey, which can aid future health policies and strategies. A comprehensive search was conducted on various databases using keywords related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Turkey. Quality assessment was performed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for prevalence studies. Data extraction was conducted. The random effect model (DerSimonian and Laird method) was used in pooled prevalence data analysis (95% confidence interval [CI]). A total of 1,072 articles were identified. After removing duplicates and excluding articles, 61 articles remained for bias assessment. Among these, 19 articles with low risk of bias were included in the review and meta-analysis. Total population included in the analysis was 15,164, vaccine hesitancy was 30.5% (95% Cl: 24.3-36.8%). Prevalence of the vaccine hesitancy was found to be 39.8% (95% Cl: 31.4-48.2%) in studies conducted before the initiation of vaccination, while in studies conducted after the commencement of vaccination, hesitancy was 20.4% (95% Cl: 12.9-28%). We suggest conducting high-quality studies in different populations to understand the level of vaccine hesitancy, as many of the previous studies have mainly focused on healthcare workers and students, and rest were community-based studies, which have generally shown high bias. Also, we suggest that early vaccination can reduce vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bugra Taygun Gulle
- Department of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Meryem Merve Oren
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Dal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Irving SA, Groom HC, Belongia EA, Crane B, Daley MF, Goddard K, Jackson LA, Kauffman TL, Kenigsberg TA, Kuckler L, Naleway AL, Patel SA, Tseng HF, Williams JTB, Weintraub ES. Influenza vaccination coverage among persons ages six months and older in the Vaccine Safety Datalink in the 2017-18 through 2022-23 influenza seasons. Vaccine 2023; 41:7138-7146. [PMID: 37866991 PMCID: PMC10867768 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, annual vaccination against seasonal influenza is recommended for all people ages ≥ 6 months. Vaccination coverage assessments can identify populations less protected from influenza morbidity and mortality and help to tailor vaccination efforts. Within the Vaccine Safety Datalink population ages ≥ 6 months, we report influenza vaccination coverage for the 2017-18 through 2022-23 seasons. METHODS Across eight health systems, we identified influenza vaccines administered from August 1 through March 31 for each season using electronic health records linked to immunization registries. Crude vaccination coverage was described for each season, overall and by self-reported sex; age group; self-reported race and ethnicity; and number of separate categories of diagnoses associated with increased risk of severe illness and complications from influenza (hereafter referred to as high-risk conditions). High-risk conditions were assessed using ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes assigned in the year preceding each influenza season. RESULTS Among individual cohorts of more than 12 million individuals each season, overall influenza vaccination coverage increased from 41.9 % in the 2017-18 season to a peak of 46.2 % in 2019-20, prior to declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Coverage declined over the next three seasons, coincident with widespread SARS-CoV-2 circulation, to a low of 40.3 % in the 2022-23 season. In each of the six seasons, coverage was lowest among males, 18-49-year-olds, non-Hispanic Black people, and those with no high-risk conditions. While decreases in coverage were present in all age groups, the declines were most substantial among children: 2022-23 season coverage for children ages six months through 8 years and 9-17 years was 24.5 % and 22.4 % (14 and 10 absolute percentage points), respectively, less than peak coverage achieved in the 2019-20 season. CONCLUSIONS Crude influenza vaccination coverage increased from 2017 to 18 through 2019-20, then decreased to the lowest level in the 2022-23 season. In this insured population, we identified persistent disparities in influenza vaccination coverage by sex, age, and race and ethnicity. The overall low coverage, disparities in coverage, and recent decreases in coverage are significant public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holly C Groom
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland OR, USA
| | | | - Bradley Crane
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland OR, USA
| | - Matthew F Daley
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver CO, USA
| | - Kristin Goddard
- Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland CA, USA
| | - Lisa A Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Tia L Kauffman
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland OR, USA
| | - Tat'Yana A Kenigsberg
- Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA
| | | | | | - Suchita A Patel
- Immunization Services Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA
| | - Hung Fu Tseng
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena CA, USA
| | | | - Eric S Weintraub
- Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA
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Harris E. Vaccination Hesitancy Increasing Among Pregnant Women. JAMA 2023; 330:1611-1612. [PMID: 37851475 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.19800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
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Sprengholz P, Henkel L, Böhm R, Betsch C. Historical narratives about the COVID-19 pandemic are motivationally biased. Nature 2023; 623:588-593. [PMID: 37914928 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
How people recall the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is likely to prove crucial in future societal debates on pandemic preparedness and appropriate political action. Beyond simple forgetting, previous research suggests that recall may be distorted by strong motivations and anchoring perceptions on the current situation1-6. Here, using 4 studies across 11 countries (total n = 10,776), we show that recall of perceived risk, trust in institutions and protective behaviours depended strongly on current evaluations. Although both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were affected by this bias, people who identified strongly with their vaccination status-whether vaccinated or unvaccinated-tended to exhibit greater and, notably, opposite distortions of recall. Biased recall was not reduced by providing information about common recall errors or small monetary incentives for accurate recall, but was partially reduced by high incentives. Thus, it seems that motivation and identity influence the direction in which the recall of the past is distorted. Biased recall was further related to the evaluation of past political action and future behavioural intent, including adhering to regulations during a future pandemic or punishing politicians and scientists. Together, the findings indicate that historical narratives about the COVID-19 pandemic are motivationally biased, sustain societal polarization and affect preparation for future pandemics. Consequently, future measures must look beyond immediate public-health implications to the longer-term consequences for societal cohesion and trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Sprengholz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.
- Institute for Planetary Health Behaviour, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.
- Implementation Science, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Luca Henkel
- Kenneth C. Griffin Department of Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Economics, University of CEMA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Robert Böhm
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cornelia Betsch
- Institute for Planetary Health Behaviour, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
- Implementation Science, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Gebremedhin S, Shiferie F, Tsegaye DA, Alemayehu WA, Wondie T, Donofrio J, DelPizzo F, Belete K, Biks GA. Oral and Inactivated Polio Vaccine Coverage and Determinants of Coverage Inequality Among the Most At-Risk Populations in Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:1148-1156. [PMID: 37748762 PMCID: PMC10622460 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining oral (OPV) and inactivated (IPV) poliovirus vaccines prevents importation of poliovirus and emergence of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus. We measured the coverage with IPV and third dose of OPV (OPV-3) and identified determinants of coverage inequality in the most at-risk populations in Ethiopia. A national survey representing 10 partly overlapping underserved populations-pastoralists, conflict-affected areas, urban slums, hard-to-reach settings, developing regions, newly formed regions, internally displaced people (IDPs), refugees, and districts neighboring international and interregional boundaries-was conducted among children 12 to 35 months old (N = 3,646). Socioeconomic inequality was measured using the concentration index (CIX) and decomposed using a regression-based approach. One-third (95% CI: 31.5-34.0%) of the children received OPV-3 and IPV. The dual coverage was below 50% in developing regions (19.2%), pastoralists (22.0%), IDPs (22.3%), districts neighboring international (24.1%) and interregional (33.3%) boundaries, refugees (27.0%), conflict-affected areas (29.3%), newly formed regions (33.5%), and hard-to-reach areas (38.9%). Conversely, coverage was better in urban slums (78%). Children from poorest households, living in villages that do not have health posts, and having limited health facility access had increased odds of not receiving the vaccines. Low paternal education, dissatisfaction with vaccination service, fear of vaccine side effects, living in female-headed households, having employed and less empowered mothers were also risk factors. IPV-OPV3 coverage favored the rich (CIX = -0.161, P < 0.001), and causes of inequality were: inaccessibility of health facilities (13.3%), dissatisfaction with vaccination service (12.8%), and maternal (4.9%) and paternal (4.9%) illiteracy. Polio vaccination coverage in the most at-risk populations in Ethiopia is suboptimal, threatening the polio eradication initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tamiru Wondie
- Project HOPE, Ethiopia Country Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jen Donofrio
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington
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Delamater PL, Buttenheim AM, Salmon DA, Schwartz JL, Omer SB. Kindergarten Vaccination Status in California After Changes to Medical Exemption Policy. JAMA 2023; 330:1585-1587. [PMID: 37782512 PMCID: PMC10546290 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.16995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates changes in medical exemptions and geographic distribution of kindergarteners in California not up to date on vaccination after changes to state legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Delamater
- Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Alison M. Buttenheim
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Daniel A. Salmon
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jason L. Schwartz
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Saad B. Omer
- Peter O’Donnell Jr School of Public Health, UT Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
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Wang Q, Jin H, Yang L, Jin H, Lin L. Cost-effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination of children in China: a modeling analysis. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:92. [PMID: 37821942 PMCID: PMC10566174 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has a high burden of influenza-associated illness among children. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of introducing government-funded influenza vaccination to children in China (fully-funded policy) compared with the status quo (self-paid policy). METHODS A decision tree model was developed to calculate the economic and health outcomes, from a societal perspective, using national- and provincial-level data. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) [incremental costs per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained] was used to compare the fully-funded policy with the self-paid policy under the willingness-to-pay threshold equivalent to national and provincial GDP per capita. Sensitivity analyses were performed and various scenarios were explored based on real-world conditions, including incorporating indirect effect into the analysis. RESULTS Compared to the self-paid policy, implementation of a fully-funded policy could prevent 1,444,768 [95% uncertainty range (UR): 1,203,446-1,719,761] symptomatic cases, 92,110 (95% UR: 66,953-122,226) influenza-related hospitalizations, and 6494 (95% UR: 4590-8962) influenza-related death per season. The fully-funded policy was cost-effective nationally (7964 USD per QALY gained) and provincially for 13 of 31 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs). The probability of a funded vaccination policy being cost-effective was 56.5% nationally, and the probability in 9 of 31 PLADs was above 75%. The result was most sensitive to the symptomatic influenza rate among children under 5 years [ICER ranging from - 25,612 (cost-saving) to 14,532 USD per QALY gained]. The ICER of the fully-funded policy was substantially lower (becoming cost-saving) if the indirect effects of vaccination were considered. CONCLUSIONS Introducing a government-funded influenza policy for children is cost-effective in China nationally and in many PLADs. PLADs with high symptomatic influenza rate and influenza-associated mortality would benefit the most from a government-funded influenza vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7TH, UK
| | - Huajie Jin
- King's Health Economics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Centre for Digital Public Health in Emergencies, Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Leesa Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7TH, UK
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Tartof SY, Frankland TB, Slezak JM, Puzniak L, Ackerson BK, Jodar L, McLaughlin JM. Receipt of BNT162b2 Vaccine and COVID-19 Ambulatory Visits in US Children Younger Than 5 Years. JAMA 2023; 330:1282-1284. [PMID: 37712905 PMCID: PMC10548295 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.17473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the association of the receipt of wild-type BNT162b2 vaccine with medically attended COVID-19 outcomes among children younger than 5 years in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Y. Tartof
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena
| | - Timothy B. Frankland
- Kaiser Permanente Hawai‘i Center for Integrated Health Care Research, Honolulu, Hawai‘i
| | - Jeff M. Slezak
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena
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31
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Fick DM. AGS works to improve vaccination rates. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 53:313. [PMID: 37620187 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
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32
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Increasing Influenza vaccination uptake rates in the 65-year-old population. Ir Med J 2023; 116:805. [PMID: 37606210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
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Clouston SAP, Hanes DW, Link BG. Social inequalities and the early provision and dispersal of COVID-19 vaccinations in the United States: A population trends study. Vaccine 2023; 41:5322-5329. [PMID: 37460352 PMCID: PMC10723195 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In December 2020 the U.S. began a massive COVID-19 vaccination campaign, an action that researchers felt could catalyze inequalities in COVID-19 vaccination utilization. While vaccines have the potential to be accessible regardless of social status, the objective of this study was to examine how and when socioeconomic status (SES) and racial/ethnic inequalities would emerge in vaccination distribution. METHODS Population vaccination rates reported at the county level by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention across 46 states on 3/30/2021. Correlates included SES, the share of the population who were Black, Hispanic, Female, or aged ≥65 years, and urbanicity (thousands of residents per square mile). Multivariable-adjusted analyses relied on zero-inflated negative binomial regression to estimate the odds of providing any vaccine, and vaccination rate ratios (aVRR) comparing the distribution rate for vaccinations across the U.S. RESULTS Across the U.S., 16.3 % of adults and 37.9 % of adults aged 65 and older were vaccinated in lower SES counties, while 20.45 % of all adults and 48.15 % of adults aged 65 and older were vaccinated in higher SES counties. Inequalities emerged after 41 days, when < 2 % of Americans were vaccinated. Multivariable-adjusted analyses revealed that higher SES was associated with improved vaccination distribution (aVRR = 1.127, [1.100-1.155], p < 1E-06), while increases in the percent reporting Black or Hispanic race/ethnicity was associated with lower vaccination distribution (aVRR = 0.998, [0.996-0.999], p = 1.03E-04). CONCLUSIONS Social inequalities in COVID-19 vaccines reflect an inefficient and inequitable distribution of these technologies. Future efforts to improve health should recognize the central role of social factors in impacting vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A P Clouston
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
| | - Douglas W Hanes
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Bruce G Link
- Center for Health Disparities Research, Departments of Sociology and Public Policy, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
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Casey RM, Nguna J, Opar B, Ampaire I, Lubwama J, Tanifum P, Zhu BP, Kisakye A, Kabwongera E, Tohme RA, Dahl BA, Ridpath AD, Scobie HM. Field investigation of high reported non-neonatal tetanus burden in Uganda, 2016-2017. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1150-1162. [PMID: 36762894 PMCID: PMC10413815 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite providing tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccine (TTCV) to infants and reproductive-age women, Uganda reports one of the highest incidences of non-neonatal tetanus (non-NT). Prompted by unusual epidemiologic trends among reported non-NT cases, we conducted a retrospective record review to see whether these data reflected true disease burden. METHODS We analysed nationally reported non-NT cases during 2012-2017. We visited 26 facilities (14 hospitals, 12 health centres) reporting high numbers of non-NT cases (n = 20) or zero cases (n = 6). We identified non-NT cases in facility registers during 1 January 2016-30 June 2017; the identified case records were abstracted. RESULTS During 2012-2017, a total of 24 518 non-NT cases were reported and 74% were ≥5 years old. The average annual incidence was 3.43 per 100 000 population based on inpatient admissions. Among 482 non-NT inpatient cases reported during 1 January 2016-30 June 2017 from hospitals visited, 342 (71%) were identified in facility registers, despite missing register data (21%). Males comprised 283 (83%) of identified cases and 60% were ≥15 years old. Of 145 cases with detailed records, 134 (92%) were clinically confirmed tetanus; among these, the case-fatality ratio (CFR) was 54%. Fourteen cases were identified at two hospitals reporting zero cases. Among >4000 outpatient cases reported from health centres visited, only 3 cases were identified; the remainder were data errors. CONCLUSIONS A substantial number of non-NT cases and deaths occur in Uganda. The high CFR and high non-NT burden among men and older children indicate the need for TTCV booster doses across the life course to all individuals as well as improved coverage with the TTCV primary series. The observed data errors indicate the need for data quality improvement activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mary Casey
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joyce Nguna
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bernard Opar
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Joseph Lubwama
- Division of Global HIV and Tuberculosis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patricia Tanifum
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bao-Ping Zhu
- Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Annet Kisakye
- World Health Organization, Country Office, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Rania A Tohme
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Dahl
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alison D Ridpath
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Heather M Scobie
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
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Diaz AA, Thakur N, Celedón JC. Lessons Learned from Health Disparities in Coronavirus Disease-2019 in the United States. Clin Chest Med 2023; 44:425-434. [PMID: 37085230 PMCID: PMC9678822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionally affected Black, Latinx, and Indigenous populations, immigrants, and economically disadvantaged individuals. Such historically marginalized groups are more often employed in low-wage jobs without health insurance and have higher rates of infection, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19 than non-Latinx White individuals. Mistrust in the health care system, language barriers, and limited health literacy have hindered vaccination rates in minorities, further exacerbating health disparities rooted in structural, institutional, and socioeconomic inequities. In this article, we discuss the lessons learned over the last 2 years and how to mitigate health disparities moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A Diaz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Neeta Thakur
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0841, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Suite 9130, Rangos Building, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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Urlings JHJ, Backhaus R, Verbeek H, de Boer B, Koopmans RTCM, Gerritsen DL, Hamers JPH. After COVID-19 vaccinations: what does living and working in nursing homes look like? BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:298. [PMID: 37193994 PMCID: PMC10186323 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing homes were disproportionally affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination was considered critical for the normalization of daily live of nursing home residents. The present study investigates the impact of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic and the effect of vaccinations on the daily lives of residents and staff in Dutch nursing homes. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 78 nursing homes that participated in the Dutch national pilot on nursing home visits after the COVID-19 pandemic. One contact person per nursing home was approached for participation in this mixed-methods cross-sectional study. METHODS Data was collected twice through questionnaires in April and December 2021. Quantitative questions focused on recent COVID-19 outbreaks, progress of vaccination, effects of vaccination on daily living in the nursing home and burden experienced by staff. Open-ended questions addressed the prolonged effect of the pandemic on residents, family members and staff. RESULTS The overall vaccination rate of residents across nursing homes appeared to be high among both residents and staff. However, daily living in the nursing home had not returned to normal concerning personal interactions, visits, the use of facilities and work pressure. Nursing homes continued to report a negative impact of the pandemic on residents, family members and staff. CONCLUSIONS Restrictions to the daily lives of residents in nursing homes were stricter than restrictions imposed on society as a whole. Returning to a normal daily living and working was found to be complex for nursing homes. With the emergence of new variants of the virus, policies strongly focusing on risk aversion were predominantly present in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith H J Urlings
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200, MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- Living Lab in Ageing and Long-Term Care, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ramona Backhaus
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200, MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Living Lab in Ageing and Long-Term Care, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Verbeek
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200, MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Living Lab in Ageing and Long-Term Care, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bram de Boer
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200, MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Living Lab in Ageing and Long-Term Care, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond T C M Koopmans
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- De Waalboog "Joachim en Anna", Center for Specialized Geriatric Care, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Debby L Gerritsen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan P H Hamers
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, 6200, MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Living Lab in Ageing and Long-Term Care, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Jacobs AT, Macintosh JLB, Luthy KEB, Beckstrand RL, Robinson MS, Macintosh CI. Parental reports of vaccine information statement usage in Utah. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2023; 35:299-305. [PMID: 36940247 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the implementation in 1986, there is little research focused on vaccine information statements (VISs) use for vaccine education and parental perception. PURPOSE To explore parental reports of dissemination and use of VISs. METHODS Data for this pilot, cross-sectional, descriptive study were collected through an online survey in both English and Spanish. RESULTS Responses from 130 parents in one school district were analyzed. Most participants (67.7%) reported getting vaccine information from a pediatric health care provider. A majority (71.5%) said that VISs were included in the vaccination process. Approximately one third of participants (37.7%) reported reading some or all the VIS before their child was vaccinated, and more than half (59.3%) read some or all the VIS after their child was vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS While promising that many parents reported receiving a VIS, more than one quarter of parents reported they did not. Inadequate time to read and understand VIS information before an immunization may lead to limited parental understanding. Although some participants reported struggling to understand VISs, more than half said that VISs were helpful and would read another in the future. IMPLICATIONS Without appropriate use of vaccine education material, providers miss the opportunity to educate parents on the risks and benefits of vaccinating their children. Providers must be aware of literacy levels and vaccine attitudes and create appropriate opportunities for parents to read and learn about vaccines. VISs are valuable educational tools for patients and parents. Improvements are needed to improve both VIS clarity and dissemination.
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Shah MM, Spencer BR, Feldstein LR, Haynes JM, Benoit TJ, Saydah SH, Groenewold MR, Stramer SL, Jones JM. Occupations Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Vaccination, US Blood Donors, May 2021-December 2021. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:1285-1294. [PMID: 36373203 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the United States by occupation. We identified occupations at higher risk for prior SARS-CoV-2 infection as defined by the presence of infection-induced antibodies among US blood donors. METHODS Using a nested case-control study design, blood donors during May-December 2021 with anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) testing were sent an electronic survey on employment status, vaccination, and occupation. The association between previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and occupation-specific in-person work was estimated using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for sex, age, month of donation, race and ethnicity, education, vaccination, and telework. RESULTS Among 85 986 included survey respondents, 9504 (11.1%) were anti-N reactive. Healthcare support (20.3%), protective service (19.9%), and food preparation and serving related occupations (19.7%) had the highest proportion of prior infection. After adjustment, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with healthcare practitioners (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74-2.54) and healthcare support (aOR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.39-2.40) occupations compared with computer and mathematical occupations as the referent group. Lack of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination (aOR, 16.13; 95% CI, 15.01-17.34) and never teleworking (aOR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05-1.30) were also independently associated with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Construction and extraction occupations had the highest proportion of unvaccinated workers (30.5%). CONCLUSIONS Workers in healthcare, protective services, and food preparation had the highest prevalence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Occupational risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection remained after adjusting for vaccination, telework, and demographic factors. These findings underscore the need for mitigation measures and personal protection in healthcare settings and other workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa M Shah
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiology Task Force, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bryan R Spencer
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Dedham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leora R Feldstein
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiology Task Force, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James M Haynes
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Dedham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tina J Benoit
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiology Task Force, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sharon H Saydah
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiology Task Force, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matthew R Groenewold
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Susan L Stramer
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Jefferson M Jones
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemiology Task Force, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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González Méndez AS, Cerón-Téllez F, Sarmiento Silva RE, Tórtora Pérez JL, Rojas-Anaya E, Álvarez HR. Presence of co-infection between bovine leukemia virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 in herds vaccinated against bovine respiratory complex. Can J Vet Res 2023; 87:105-109. [PMID: 37020574 PMCID: PMC10069155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was molecular identification of bovine leukemia virus and possible co-infection with bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) viral agents in Mexican dairy herds. We collected 533 blood samples from cattle vaccinated against the BRDC virus in 9 states across Mexico. Peripheral blood leukocytes were removed and genetic material was extracted to detect bovine leukemia virus (BLV), bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection using polymerase chain reaction. We identified high BLV infection rates in 270 cattle (50.65%). One hundred and thirty-three cows (24.95%) tested positive for BoHV-1, of which 65 samples were positive for both viruses (BoHV-1 and BLV) and 68 were only positive for BoHV-1. Only 4 samples tested positive for BPIV-3 and no sample was positive for BVDV or BRSV. Relative risk and odds ratio analyses did not identify that the presence of BLV infection favors BoHV-1 co-infection in vaccinated herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S González Méndez
- Virology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Education, Cuautitlan, Veterinary Medicine, Campus 4. National Autonomous University of Mexico. Km. 2.5 Cuautitlan-Teoloyucan San Sebastian Xhala Highway. Cuautitlan Izcalli, State of Mexico. C.P. 54714. Mexico (González Méndez, Tórtora Pérez, Ramírez Álvarez); National Center for Research in Animal Health and Safety, INIFAP, CP. 05110, Mexico City, Mexico (Cerón-Téllez); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Mexico City, Mexico (Sarmiento Silva); Pacific Center Research Center. INIFAP, CP. 44660, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Rojas-Anaya)
| | - Fernando Cerón-Téllez
- Virology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Education, Cuautitlan, Veterinary Medicine, Campus 4. National Autonomous University of Mexico. Km. 2.5 Cuautitlan-Teoloyucan San Sebastian Xhala Highway. Cuautitlan Izcalli, State of Mexico. C.P. 54714. Mexico (González Méndez, Tórtora Pérez, Ramírez Álvarez); National Center for Research in Animal Health and Safety, INIFAP, CP. 05110, Mexico City, Mexico (Cerón-Téllez); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Mexico City, Mexico (Sarmiento Silva); Pacific Center Research Center. INIFAP, CP. 44660, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Rojas-Anaya)
| | - Rosa E Sarmiento Silva
- Virology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Education, Cuautitlan, Veterinary Medicine, Campus 4. National Autonomous University of Mexico. Km. 2.5 Cuautitlan-Teoloyucan San Sebastian Xhala Highway. Cuautitlan Izcalli, State of Mexico. C.P. 54714. Mexico (González Méndez, Tórtora Pérez, Ramírez Álvarez); National Center for Research in Animal Health and Safety, INIFAP, CP. 05110, Mexico City, Mexico (Cerón-Téllez); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Mexico City, Mexico (Sarmiento Silva); Pacific Center Research Center. INIFAP, CP. 44660, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Rojas-Anaya)
| | - Jorge L Tórtora Pérez
- Virology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Education, Cuautitlan, Veterinary Medicine, Campus 4. National Autonomous University of Mexico. Km. 2.5 Cuautitlan-Teoloyucan San Sebastian Xhala Highway. Cuautitlan Izcalli, State of Mexico. C.P. 54714. Mexico (González Méndez, Tórtora Pérez, Ramírez Álvarez); National Center for Research in Animal Health and Safety, INIFAP, CP. 05110, Mexico City, Mexico (Cerón-Téllez); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Mexico City, Mexico (Sarmiento Silva); Pacific Center Research Center. INIFAP, CP. 44660, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Rojas-Anaya)
| | - Edith Rojas-Anaya
- Virology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Education, Cuautitlan, Veterinary Medicine, Campus 4. National Autonomous University of Mexico. Km. 2.5 Cuautitlan-Teoloyucan San Sebastian Xhala Highway. Cuautitlan Izcalli, State of Mexico. C.P. 54714. Mexico (González Méndez, Tórtora Pérez, Ramírez Álvarez); National Center for Research in Animal Health and Safety, INIFAP, CP. 05110, Mexico City, Mexico (Cerón-Téllez); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Mexico City, Mexico (Sarmiento Silva); Pacific Center Research Center. INIFAP, CP. 44660, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Rojas-Anaya)
| | - Hugo Ramírez Álvarez
- Virology, Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Higher Education, Cuautitlan, Veterinary Medicine, Campus 4. National Autonomous University of Mexico. Km. 2.5 Cuautitlan-Teoloyucan San Sebastian Xhala Highway. Cuautitlan Izcalli, State of Mexico. C.P. 54714. Mexico (González Méndez, Tórtora Pérez, Ramírez Álvarez); National Center for Research in Animal Health and Safety, INIFAP, CP. 05110, Mexico City, Mexico (Cerón-Téllez); Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Mexico City, Mexico (Sarmiento Silva); Pacific Center Research Center. INIFAP, CP. 44660, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (Rojas-Anaya)
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Piper BJ, Sanchez BV, Madera JD, Sulzinski MA. Profiles of US Hispanics Unvaccinated for COVID-19. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:553-559. [PMID: 35107819 PMCID: PMC8809210 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted Hispanics in the USA with increased rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. The objective of this report was to characterize the demographics and beliefs of unvaccinated Hispanics to help address their concerns that lead to vaccine hesitancy. METHODS Of 1,011 potential participants from a national online panel, 22.3% (N = 225, 51.6% female, age = 40.5) met inclusion criteria of Hispanic adults and not receiving at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The 30-item survey included items about demographics, political affiliations, sources of news (e.g., Fox vs. CNN), reasons for being unvaccinated, and ratings (0 = strongly disagree, 100 = strongly agree) of 10 controversial statements regarding COVID-19. RESULTS Over three-fifths (62.6%) identified side effects and safety concerns, while almost one-third (30.5%) cited a lack of efficacy as their top reasons for being unvaccinated. Agreement to "The developers of the COVID-19 vaccine rushed the development and cut corners" was rated the highest (63.22) which was significantly (p < .001) higher than the other nine statements (e.g., "The COVID-19 vaccine does not work"). Many vaccine attitudes differed significantly by political party affiliation and some by gender and news source. Republicans (59.9 ± 4.2) scored higher than Democrats (38.5 ± 4.2, p ≤ .001) to "If I've already had COVID-19, I don't need the vaccine." CONCLUSIONS This study identified the heterogeneity in COVID-19 vaccine attitudes among Hispanics. Further research is needed to determine if the subgroups identified are differentially receptive to interventions to facilitate reconsideration of prior vaccination decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Piper
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA.
- Center for Pharmacy Innovation and Outcomes, Forty Fort, PA, USA.
| | - Bianca V Sanchez
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Joshua D Madera
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Sulzinski
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA
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Nygren TM, Pilic A, Böhmer MM, Wagner-Wiening C, Went SB, Wichmann O, Hellenbrand W. Tick-borne encephalitis: Acute clinical manifestations and severity in 581 cases from Germany, 2018-2020. J Infect 2023; 86:369-375. [PMID: 36796679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a growing public health problem with an average of 361 cases notified annually to Germany's passive surveillance system since 2001. We aimed to assess clinical manifestations and identify covariates associated with severity. METHODS We included cases notified 2018-2020 in a prospective cohort study and collected data with telephone interviews, questionnaires to general practitioners, and hospital discharge summaries. Covariates' causal associations with severity were evaluated with multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for variables identified via directed acyclic graphs. RESULTS Of 1220 eligible cases, 581 (48%) participated. Of these, 97.1% were not (fully) vaccinated. TBE was severe in 20.3% of cases (children: 9.1%, ≥70-year-olds: 48.6%). Routine surveillance data underreported the proportion of cases with central nervous system involvement (56% vs. 84%). Ninety percent required hospitalization, 13.8% intensive care, and 33.4% rehabilitation. Severity was most notably associated with age (odds ratio (OR): 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.05), hypertension (OR: 2.27, 95%CI: 1.37-3.75), and monophasic disease course (OR: 1.67, 95%CI: 1.08-2.58). CONCLUSIONS We observed substantial TBE burden and health service utilization, suggesting that awareness of TBE severity and vaccine preventability should be increased. Knowledge of severity-associated factors may help inform patients' decision to get vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Pilic
- Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Merle M Böhmer
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Munich, Germany; Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Ole Wichmann
- Immunization Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Taylor CAL, Sarathchandra D, Kessler M. COVID-19 Vaccination Intake and Intention Among Black and White Residents in Southeast Michigan. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:267-273. [PMID: 36071335 PMCID: PMC9451110 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Using the "3Cs" vaccine hesitancy framework which categorizes determinants of vaccine hesitancy across three dimensions-confidence, complacency, and convenience-we identify factors that shape COVID-19 vaccination intake and intention among Black and white residents in Southeast Michigan. We consider both historical discrimination in medicine and contemporary health and environmental crises (i.e., the Flint Water Crisis) as potential correlates. This study uses data from an online survey conducted between March-April 2021 in Flint and surrounding counties. we find that while historical mistreatment of Black people in healthcare and the Flint Water Crisis were of concern, those factors did not directly impact vaccination intention. Rather, concerns over safety, efficacy, and structural barriers related to access and occupation emerge as responsible for lower vaccination rates among Black residents. Effective vaccination programs require that public health authorities consider multiple factors, including the structural realities faced by racial ethnic minority groups which shape their vaccination decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric A L Taylor
- The School of Politics, Society, Justice, and Public Service, Central Michigan University, 120, Anspach Hall, 1200 S. Franklin St, Mount Pleasant, Mich, 48859, USA.
| | - Dilshani Sarathchandra
- Department of Culture, Society and Justice, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr., MS 1110, Moscow, ID 838441110, USA.
| | - Margaret Kessler
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, 120, Anspach Hall, 1200 S Franklin St, Mt Pleasant, Mich, 48859, USA
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Calderón-Mora J, Lara H, Hernandez B, Molokwu J. Factors Affecting Completion of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Series by Gender in a Predominantly Hispanic Border Town Community. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2023; 27:161-167. [PMID: 36951986 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended for females and males aged 9 to 45. Nationally, the HPV vaccination rates are lower for males than females; however, this has not been studied in a US-Mexico border community. Our study aims to report the HPV vaccination completion by gender and determine which sociodemographic factors influence vaccination. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among uninsured and underinsured individuals aged between 9 and 26 years served through a community-based HPV vaccine program in El Paso, TX. Data collected included demographic information, psychosocial variables, and vaccine administration data. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic data. Unadjusted t test/Fisher exact test and multivariable relative risk regression were run on significant variables to determine the association with vaccine completion by gender. RESULTS Most participants were female (63.4%), and an overall vaccine series completion was 30.67%. We found no significant difference in HPV vaccine completion rates by gender. Males who resided in the United States for more than a decade were 31% more likely to complete the vaccine series, and females who had 9 to 13 years of education had lower odds of vaccine completion. Knowledge significantly increased after the intervention for both genders (p = .002). There was no significant change in psychosocial variables from the preintervention to the immediate postintervention survey. CONCLUSIONS Our multicomponent, culturally tailored intervention may equally impact male and female participants and encourages all genders to complete their HPV vaccine series. Additional studies with a larger male sample are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Calderón-Mora
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Hatty Lara
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona College of Science, Tucson, AZ
| | - Blanca Hernandez
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX
| | - Jennifer Molokwu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Center of Emphasis for Cancer, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX
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Abdelatif N, Naidoo I, Dunn S, Mazinu M, Essack Z, Groenewald C, Maharaj P, Msomi N, Reddy T, Roberts B, Zuma K. Heterogeneity in COVID-19 infection among older persons in South Africa: Evidence from national surveillance data. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1009309. [PMID: 37006523 PMCID: PMC10061133 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1009309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe 2021 World Health Organization study on the impact of COVID-19 on older people (≥60 years) in the African region highlighted the difficulties they faced as the virus spread across borders and dominated the way of life. These difficulties included disruptions to both essential health care services and social support, as well as disconnections from family and friends. Among those who contracted COVID-19, the risks of severe illness, complications, and mortality were highest among near-old and older persons.ObjectiveRecognizing that older persons are a diverse group including younger- and older-aged individuals, a study was conducted to track the epidemic among near-old (50–59 years) and older persons (≥60 years) in South Africa covering the 2 years since the epidemic emerged.MethodsUsing a quantitative secondary research approach, data for near-old and older persons were extracted for comparative purposes. COVID-19 surveillance outcomes (confirmed cases, hospitalizations, and deaths) and vaccination data were compiled up to March 5th, 2022. COVID-19 surveillance outcomes were plotted by epidemiological week and epidemic waves to visualize the overall growth and trajectory of the epidemic. Means for each age-group and by COVID-19 waves, together with age-specific rates, were calculated.ResultsAverage numbers of new COVID-19 confirmed cases and hospitalizations were highest among people aged 50–59- and 60–69-years. However, average age-specific infection rates showed that people aged 50–59 years and ≥80 years were most vulnerable to contracting COVID-19. Age-specific hospitalization and death rates increased, with people aged ≥ 70 years most affected. The number of people vaccinated was slightly higher among people aged 50–59 years before Wave Three and during Wave Four, but higher among people aged ≥ 60 years during Wave Three. The findings suggest that uptake of vaccinations stagnated prior to and during Wave Four for both age groups.DiscussionHealth promotion messages and COVID-19 epidemiological surveillance and monitoring are still needed, particularly for older persons living in congregate residential and care facilities. Prompt health-seeking should be encouraged, including testing and diagnosis as well as taking up vaccines and boosters, particularly for high-risk older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Abdelatif
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Inbarani Naidoo
- Centre for Community Based Research, Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Inbarani Naidoo
| | - Shanaaz Dunn
- School of Built Environment and Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mikateko Mazinu
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zaynab Essack
- Centre for Community Based Research, Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Honorary Research Fellow, School of Law, and Honorary Research Associate, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Candice Groenewald
- Centre for Community Based Research, Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
- Honorary Research Associate, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Pranitha Maharaj
- School of Built Environment and Development Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nokukhanya Msomi
- Discipline of Virology, University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Services, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tarylee Reddy
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Roberts
- Developmental, Capable and Ethical State Division, Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Khangelani Zuma
- Human and Social Capabilities Division, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Wits School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Rubenstein BL, Amiel PJ, Ternier A, Helmy H, Lim S, Chokshi DA, Zucker JR. Increases In COVID-19 Vaccination Among NYC Municipal Employees After Implementation Of Vaccination Requirements. Health Aff (Millwood) 2023; 42:357-365. [PMID: 36877900 PMCID: PMC10917388 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2022.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
In July 2021 New York City (NYC) instituted a requirement for all municipal employees to be vaccinated against COVID-19 or undergo weekly testing. The city eliminated the testing option November 1 of that year. We used general linear regression to compare changes in weekly primary vaccination series completion among NYC municipal employees ages 18-64 living in the city and a comparison group of all other NYC residents in this age group during May-December 2021. The rate of change in vaccination prevalence among NYC municipal employees was greater than that of the comparison group only after the testing option was eliminated (employee slope = 12.0; comparison slope = 5.3). Among racial and ethnic groups, the rate of change in vaccination prevalence among municipal employees was higher than the comparison group for Black and White people. The requirements were associated with narrowing the gap in vaccination prevalence between municipal employees and the comparison group overall and between Black municipal employees and employees from other racial and ethnic groups. Workplace requirements are a promising strategy for increasing vaccination among adults and reducing racial and ethnic disparities in vaccination uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Rubenstein
- Beth L. Rubenstein , New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, New York; and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Pierre J Amiel
- Pierre J. Amiel, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene; and CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Hannah Helmy
- Hannah Helmy, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
| | - Sungwoo Lim
- Sungwoo Lim, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
| | - Dave A Chokshi
- Dave A. Chokshi, City University of New York and New York University, New York, New York
| | - Jane R Zucker
- Jane R. Zucker, NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene; and CDC
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Langat B, Muge EK, Night D, Okoth F, Ochwedo KO, Songok EM. Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus and compliance with hepatitis B vaccination schedules among outpatient clinic attendees in Nairobi. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281256. [PMID: 36730277 PMCID: PMC9894478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is becoming a growing public health problem in Kenya. To combat the threat, HBV vaccination should be recommended, particularly for individuals who are not covered by the national immunization program. Vaccination provides sero-protection rates approaching 95% among healthy adults after completing the three-dose vaccination course, but decreases to 87% among those who receive only two doses, emphasizing the importance of completing the three-dose vaccination course. However, data on adult adherence to HBV multi-dose vaccines in Sub-Saharan Africa are limited, despite the fact that this information is critical for prevention. As a result, more research on HBV vaccine dose completion is required. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among out-patient clinic attendees in Nairobi, Kenya, as well as to identify beneficiaries of free vaccination and barriers to completing the recommended vaccine doses. METHODS Between July 30th and September 30th, 2015, 2644 outpatient clinic attendees aged ≥ 4 were recruited from three hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya: Mama Lucy, Riruta, and Loco. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic information, and blood samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using the KEMRI HEPCELL Rapid® (Hepatitis B Detection kit) test kit. Individuals who tested negative for HBsAg were given a free course of three doses of HBV vaccine. The vaccination register provided information on the number of doses administered. RESULTS The average age of the study population was 31.4 years (range: 4-66), with females accounting for 59.2%. 1.82% (48/2644) of the participants tested positive for HBsAg. Among the 2596 individuals eligible for vaccination, 66% (1720/2596) received at least one dose, and 51.8% (1345/2596) received all three doses. Vaccination acceptance increased with age, with older patients more likely to return for subsequent dose (OR>1 for second and third dose). Unavailability and failure to contact client were cited as significant (p<0.0001) barrier to vaccination completion by 53.7% (666/1226, 95% CI 0.5-0.6) and 37% (454/1226, 95% CI 0.3-0.4) of respondents respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HBV infection among outpatient clinic attendees highlights the importance of expanding HBV immunization programs in Kenya. However, given the low vaccination completion rate, there is a need for public awareness of the vaccine's importance in preventing HBV and HBV-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benard Langat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Edward K. Muge
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Doris Night
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick Okoth
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kevin O. Ochwedo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elijah M. Songok
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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Burkhardt MC, Berset AE, Xu Y, Mescher A, Brinkman WB. Effect of Outreach Messages on Adolescent Well-Child Visits and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Rates: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Pediatr 2023; 253:158-164.e1. [PMID: 36202236 PMCID: PMC9529346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine effectiveness of text/telephone outreach messages, with and without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine information. STUDY DESIGN We conducted an intent-to-treat, multiarm, randomized clinical trial with adolescents aged 12-17 years. Eligible patients did not have an adolescent well-care visit in the past year or scheduled in the next 45 days or an active electronic health record portal account. We randomized participants to the standard message, COVID-19 vaccine message, or no message (control) group and delivered 2 text messages or telephone calls (per family preference) to the message groups. The primary outcome was adolescent well-care visit completion within 8 weeks, and secondary outcomes were adolescent well-care visit scheduled within 2 weeks and receiving COVID-19 vaccine within 8 weeks. RESULTS We randomized 1235 adolescents (mean age, 14 ± 1.5 years; 51.6% male; 76.7% Black; 4.1% Hispanic/Latinx; 88.3% publicly insured). The standard message group had higher odds of scheduling an adolescent well-care visit compared with the control group (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.21-3.52) and COVID-19 vaccine message group (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.00-2.74). The odds of completing an adolescent well-care visit did not differ significantly (standard message group vs control group; OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.88-2.06; COVID-19 vaccine message group vs control group, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.87-2.03). In per-protocol analyses, adolescents in the standard message group were twice as likely as the control group to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.05-5.86). CONCLUSIONS Outreach messages were minimally effective. Efforts are needed to address widening disparities. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04904744.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Carol Burkhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Division of General & Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
| | - Anne E Berset
- Division of General & Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Yingying Xu
- Division of General & Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Anne Mescher
- Division of General & Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - William B Brinkman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Division of General & Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Abstract
This Medical News article discusses an annual report on measles from the World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Subica AM, Aitaoto N, Li Q, Morey BN, Wu LT, Iwamoto DK, Guerrero EG, Moss HB. Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on the Health of Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander People in the United States, 2021. Public Health Rep 2023; 138:164-173. [PMID: 36113145 PMCID: PMC9482884 DOI: 10.1177/00333549221123579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Minimal research has assessed COVID-19's unique impact on the Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH/PI) population-an Indigenous-colonized racial group with social and health disparities that increase their risk for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. To address this gap, we explored the scope of COVID-19 outcomes, vaccination status, and health in diverse NH/PI communities. METHODS NH/PI staff at partner organizations collected survey data from April through November 2021 from 319 community-dwelling NH/PI adults in 5 states with large NH/PI populations: Arkansas, California, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson χ2 tests, independent and paired t tests, and linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS During the COVID-19 pandemic, 30% of survey participants had contracted COVID-19, 16% had a close family member who died of the disease, and 64% reported COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Thirty percent reported fair/poor health, 21% currently smoked cigarettes, and 58% reported obesity. Survey participants reported heightened COVID-19-related psychosocial distress (mean score = 4.9 on 10-point scale), which was more likely when health outcomes (general health, sleep, obesity) were poor or a family member had died of COVID-19. Logistic regression indicated that age, experiencing COVID-19 distress, and past-year use of influenza vaccines were associated with higher odds of COVID-19 vaccine uptake (1.06, 1.18, and 7.58 times, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our empirical findings highlight the acute and understudied negative impact of COVID-19 on NH/PI communities in the United States and suggest new avenues for improving NH/PI community health, vaccination, and recovery from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Subica
- Department of Social Medicine, Population, and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Nia Aitaoto
- Pacific Islander Center of Primary Care Excellence, San Leandro, CA, USA
| | - Qiuxi Li
- Special Services for Groups, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brittany N. Morey
- Department of Health, Society, and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Li-Tzy Wu
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Derek K. Iwamoto
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Howard B. Moss
- Department of Social Medicine, Population, and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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Omari A, Boone KD, Zhou T, Lu PJ, Kriss JL, Hung MC, Carter RJ, Black C, Weiss D, Masters NB, Lee JT, Brewer NT, Szilagyi PG, Singleton JA. Characteristics of the Moveable Middle: Opportunities Among Adults Open to COVID-19 Vaccination. Am J Prev Med 2022; 64:734-741. [PMID: 36690543 PMCID: PMC9767894 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Focusing on subpopulations that express the intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccination but are unvaccinated may improve the yield of COVID-19 vaccination efforts. METHODS A nationally representative sample of 789,658 U.S. adults aged ≥18 years participated in the National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module from May 2021 to April 2022. The survey assessed respondents' COVID-19 vaccination status and intent by demographic characteristics (age, urbanicity, educational attainment, region, insurance, income, and race/ethnicity). This study compared composition and within-group estimates of those who responded that they definitely or probably will get vaccinated or are unsure (moveable middle) from the first and last month of data collection. RESULTS Because vaccination uptake increased over the study period, the moveable middle declined among persons aged ≥18 years. Adults aged 18-39 years and suburban residents comprised most of the moveable middle in April 2022. Groups with the largest moveable middles in April 2022 included persons with no insurance (10%), those aged 18-29 years (8%), and those with incomes below poverty (8%), followed by non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (7%), non-Hispanic multiple or other race (6%), non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native persons (6%), non-Hispanic Black or African American persons (6%), those with below high school education (6%), those with high school education (5%), and those aged 30-39 years (5%). CONCLUSIONS A sizable percentage of adults open to receiving COVID-19 vaccination remain in several demographic groups. Emphasizing engagement of persons who are unvaccinated in some racial/ethnic groups, aged 18-39 years, without health insurance, or with lower income may reach more persons open to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Omari
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Kwanza D Boone
- Goldbelt C6, Chesapeake, Virginia; National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tianyi Zhou
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Leidos, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peng-Jun Lu
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer L Kriss
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mei-Chuan Hung
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Leidos, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rosalind J Carter
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Carla Black
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Debora Weiss
- Career Epidemiology Field Offic, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nina B Masters
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James Tseryuan Lee
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Noel T Brewer
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Peter G Szilagyi
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - James A Singleton
- Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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