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Evans R, Kimura H, Nakashima M, Ishikawa T, Yukitake H, Suzuki M, Hazel J, Faessel H, Wu J, Hang Y, Alexander R, Rosen L, Hartman DS, Ratti E. Orexin 2 receptor-selective agonist danavorexton (TAK-925) promotes wakefulness in non-human primates and healthy individuals. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13878. [PMID: 36934366 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
The orexin 2 receptor-selective agonist danavorexton (TAK-925) has been shown to produce wake-promoting effects in wild-type mice, narcolepsy-model mice, and individuals with narcolepsy type 1 and type 2. Here, we report wake-promoting effects of danavorexton in non-human primates and healthy men during their sleep phase. Electroencephalogram analyses revealed that subcutaneous administration of danavorexton significantly increased wakefulness in common marmosets (p < 0.05 at 0.1 mg kg-1 , and p < 0.001 at 1 mg kg-1 and 10 mg kg-1 ) and cynomolgus monkeys (p ≤ 0.05 at 1 mg kg-1 and 3 mg kg-1 ). In a phase 1b crossover, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled study in sleep-deprived healthy participants (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03522506), modafinil 300 mg (used to demonstrate assay sensitivity) and continuous infusion of danavorexton 44 mg and danavorexton 112 mg showed statistically superior wake-promoting effects to placebo (n = 18). Measured using the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, mean (standard deviation) sleep latencies during infusion of danavorexton 44 mg, danavorexton 112 mg and placebo were 21.4 (8.9), 31.8 (3.2) and 9.2 (6.4) min, respectively. Least-squares mean difference from placebo in average sleep latency was 16.8 min with danavorexton 44 mg and 30.2 min with danavorexton 112 mg (both p < 0.001). Karolinska Sleepiness Scale scores were statistically significantly lower (indicating decreased sleepiness) for participants receiving danavorexton than for those receiving placebo during infusion (danavorexton 44 mg, p = 0.010; danavorexton 112 mg, p < 0.001). Together, these results indicate that an orexin 2 receptor agonist increases wakefulness in non-human primates and healthy individuals during their sleep phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Evans
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area Unit, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Nakashima
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukitake
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motohisa Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - James Hazel
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area Unit, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hélène Faessel
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area Unit, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jingtao Wu
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area Unit, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yaming Hang
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area Unit, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Alexander
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area Unit, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Rosen
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area Unit, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deborah S Hartman
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area Unit, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emiliangelo Ratti
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area Unit, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Russell J, Ingram SM, Teal LB, Lindsley CW, Jones CK. M 1/M 4-Preferring Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor Agonist Xanomeline Reverses Wake and Arousal Deficits in Nonpathologically Aged Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:435-457. [PMID: 36655909 PMCID: PMC9897218 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain is implicated in the development of cognitive deficits and sleep/wake architecture disturbances in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indirect-acting muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), remain the only FDA-approved treatments for the cognitive impairments observed in AD that target the cholinergic system. Novel direct-acting muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists also improve cognitive performance in young and aged preclinical species and are currently under clinical development for AD. However, little is known about the effects of direct-acting muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists on disruptions of sleep/wake architecture and arousal observed in nonpathologically aged rodents, nonhuman primates, and clinical populations. The purpose of the present study was to provide the first assessment of the effects of the direct-acting M1/M4-preferring muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist xanomeline on sleep/wake architecture and arousal in young and nonpathologically aged mice, in comparison with the AChEI donepezil, when dosed in either the active or inactive phase of the circadian cycle. Xanomeline produced a robust reversal of both wake fragmentation and disruptions in arousal when dosed in the active phase of nonpathologically aged mice. In contrast, donepezil had no effect on either age-related wake fragmentation or arousal deficits when dosed during the active phase. When dosed in the inactive phase, both xanomeline and donepezil produced increases in wake and arousal and decreases in nonrapid eye movement sleep quality and quantity in nonpathologically aged mice. Collectively, these novel findings suggest that direct-acting muscarinic cholinergic agonists such as xanomeline may provide enhanced wakefulness and arousal in nonpathological aging, MCI, and AD patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason
K. Russell
- Department of Pharmacology,
Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, and Vanderbilt Institute of
Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Shalonda M. Ingram
- Department of Pharmacology,
Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, and Vanderbilt Institute of
Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Laura B. Teal
- Department of Pharmacology,
Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, and Vanderbilt Institute of
Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology,
Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, and Vanderbilt Institute of
Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie K. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology,
Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, and Vanderbilt Institute of
Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Manor R, Kumarnsit E, Samerphob N, Rujiralai T, Puangpairote T, Cheaha D. Characterization of pharmaco-EEG fingerprint and sleep-wake profiles of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. essential oil inhalation and diazepam administration in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 276:114193. [PMID: 33971301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Essential oil (Lavender EO) has a long history of medicinal use and is particularly claimed to possess anxiolytic and sedative properties. Lavender EO aromatherapy has been used to reduce distress and improve insomnia naturally. Increasing evidence appeared to show similarities between the effects of lavender EO and the anxiolytic drugs, benzodiazepines. However, its effects on sleep-wake and electrical brain patterns in comparison to that of the standard anxiolytic, diazepam, remained to be explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this work was to investigate electroencephalography (EEG) profiles and sleep-pattern elicited by lavender EO inhalation compared to that of diazepam, a standard anxiolytic drug in in vivo rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were anesthetized for electrode implantation on the frontal and parietal skulls. EEG signals were recorded for 180 min following intraperitoneal injection of diazepam (10 mg/kg) or during continuous inhalation of lavender EO (200 μL) or distilled water (control). Fast Fourier transform was used for the analyses of EEG power spectra and sleep-wake parameters. RESULTS During a 30-60 min period, diazepam and lavender EO significantly increased frontal powers of 0.78-45.31 and 7.03-18.36 Hz, respectively. Both treatments also increased parietal powers with lower magnitudes of significant change. Significant increases in some frequency ranges remained until a 60-90 min period. Sleep-wake analyses also revealed that diazepam significantly reduced time spent in wake, increased time spent in non-rapid eye movement (NREM), increased episode duration of NREM, decreased numbers of wake episode and decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency. On the other hand, lavender EO only significantly decreased wake episodes and latency to REM sleep. Lavender EO inhalation reduced numbers of wake episode but maintain normal time spent in wake, NREM and REM sleeps. CONCLUSIONS These findings might suggest beneficial and distinct anxiolytic-like effects of lavender EO for sleep enhancing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodiya Manor
- Division of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Thailand, Pattani, 94000, Thailand; Biosignal Research Center for Health, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Ekkasit Kumarnsit
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Biosignal Research Center for Health, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Nifareeda Samerphob
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Biosignal Research Center for Health, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Thitima Rujiralai
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of SongklaUniversity, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Tidarat Puangpairote
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Dania Cheaha
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Biosignal Research Center for Health, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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Hagenow S, Affini A, Pioli EY, Hinz S, Zhao Y, Porras G, Namasivayam V, Müller CE, Lin JS, Bezard E, Stark H. Adenosine A 2AR/A 1R Antagonists Enabling Additional H 3R Antagonism for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8246-8262. [PMID: 34107215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A1/A2A receptors (A1R/A2AR) represent targets in nondopaminergic treatment of motor disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). As an innovative strategy, multitargeting ligands (MTLs) were developed to achieve comprehensive PD therapies simultaneously addressing comorbid symptoms such as sleep disruption. Recognizing the wake-promoting capacity of histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists in combination with the "caffeine-like effects" of A1R/A2AR antagonists, we designed A1R/A2AR/H3R MTLs, where a piperidino-/pyrrolidino(propyloxy)phenyl H3R pharmacophore was introduced with overlap into an adenosine antagonist arylindenopyrimidine core. These MTLs showed distinct receptor binding profiles with overall nanomolar H3R affinities (Ki < 55 nM). Compound 4 (ST-2001, Ki (A1R) = 11.5 nM, Ki (A2AR) = 7.25 nM) and 12 (ST-1992, Ki (A1R) = 11.2 nM, Ki (A2AR) = 4.01 nM) were evaluated in vivo. l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia was improved after administration of compound 4 (1 mg kg-1, i.p. rats). Compound 12 (2 mg kg-1, p.o. mice) increased wakefulness representing novel pharmacological tools for PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hagenow
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaets street 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Affini
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaets street 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Elsa Y Pioli
- Motac Neuroscience Limited, SK10 4TF Macclesfield, U.K
| | - Sonja Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Alfred-Herrhausen-Street 50, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM UI028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard University, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France
| | | | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM UI028, CNRS UMR 5292, Claude Bernard University, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - Erwan Bezard
- Motac Neuroscience Limited, SK10 4TF Macclesfield, U.K
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaets street 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Saito R, Miyoshi C, Koebis M, Kushima I, Nakao K, Mori D, Ozaki N, Funato H, Yanagisawa M, Aiba A. Two novel mouse models mimicking minor deletions in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome revealed the contribution of each deleted region to psychiatric disorders. Mol Brain 2021; 14:68. [PMID: 33845872 PMCID: PMC8042712 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a disorder caused by the segmental deletion of human chromosome 22. This chromosomal deletion is known as high genetic risk factors for various psychiatric disorders. The different deletion types are identified in 22q11.2DS patients, including the most common 3.0-Mb deletion, and the less-frequent 1.5-Mb and 1.4-Mb deletions. In previous animal studies of psychiatric disorders associated with 22q11.2DS mainly focused on the 1.5-Mb deletion and model mice mimicking the human 1.5-Mb deletion have been established with diverse genetic backgrounds, which resulted in the contradictory phenotypes. On the other hand, the contribution of the genes in 1.4-Mb region to psychiatric disorders is poorly understood. In this study, we generated two mouse lines that reproduced the 1.4-Mb and 1.5-Mb deletions of 22q11.2DS [Del(1.4 Mb)/+ and Del(1.5 Mb)/+] on the pure C57BL/6N genetic background. These mutant mice were analyzed comprehensively by behavioral tests, such as measurement of locomotor activity, sociability, prepulse inhibition and fear-conditioning memory. Del(1.4 Mb)/+ mice displayed decreased locomotor activity, but no abnormalities were observed in all other behavioral tests. Del(1.5 Mb)/+ mice showed reduction of prepulse inhibition and impairment of contextual- and cued-dependent fear memory, which is consistent with previous reports. Furthermore, apparently intact social recognition in Del(1.4 Mb)/+ and Del(1.5 Mb)/+ mice suggests that the impaired social recognition observed in Del(3.0 Mb)/+ mice mimicking the human 3.0-Mb deletion requires mutations both in 1.4-Mb and 1.5 Mb regions. Our previous study has shown that Del(3.0 Mb)/+ mice presented disturbance of behavioral circadian rhythm. Therefore, we further evaluated sleep/wakefulness cycles in Del(3.0 Mb)/+ mice by electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) recording. EEG/EMG analysis revealed the disturbed wakefulness and non-rapid eye moving sleep (NREMS) cycles in Del(3.0 Mb)/+ mice, suggesting that Del(3.0 Mb)/+ mice may be unable to maintain their wakefulness. Together, our mouse models deepen our understanding of genetic contributions to schizophrenic phenotypes related to 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Saito
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Chika Miyoshi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Michinori Koebis
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
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Morningstar MD, Linsenbardt DN, Lapish CC. Ethanol Alters Variability, But Not Rate, of Firing in Medial Prefrontal Cortex Neurons of Awake-Behaving Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2225-2238. [PMID: 32966634 PMCID: PMC7680402 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a brain region involved in the evaluation and selection of motivationally relevant outcomes. Neural activity in mPFC is altered following acute ethanol (EtOH) use and, in rodent models, doses as low as 0.75 g/kg yield cognitive deficits. Deficits in decision making following acute EtOH are thought to be mediated, at least in part, by decreases in mPFC firing rates (FRs). However, the data leading to this conclusion have been generated exclusively in anesthetized rodents. The present study characterizes the effects of acute EtOH injections on mPFC neural activity in awake-behaving rodents. METHODS Awake-behaving and anesthetized in vivo electrophysiological recordings were performed. We utilized 3 groups: the first received 2 saline injections, the second received a saline injection followed by 1.0 g/kg EtOH, and the last received saline followed by 2 g/kg EtOH. One week later, an anesthetized recording occurred where a saline injection was followed by an injection of 1.0 g/kg EtOH. RESULTS The anesthetized condition showed robust decreases in neural activity and differences in up-down states (UDS) dynamics. In the awake-behaving condition, FRs were grouped according to behavioral state: moving, not-moving, and sleep. The differences in median FRs were found for each treatment and behavioral state combination. A FR decrease was only found in the 2.0 g/kg EtOH treatment during not-moving states. However, robust decreases in FR variability were found across behavioral state in both the 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg EtOH treatment. Sleep was separately analyzed. EtOH modulated the UDS during sleep producing decreases in FRs. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the changes in neural activity following EtOH administration in anesthetized animals are not conserved in awake-behaving animals. The most prominent difference following EtOH was a decrease in FR variability suggesting that acute EtOH may be affecting decision making via this mechanism.
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Herden L, Weissert R. The Effect of Coffee and Caffeine Consumption on Patients with Multiple Sclerosis-Related Fatigue. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082262. [PMID: 32731633 PMCID: PMC7468779 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coffee and caffeine are considered to have beneficial effects in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that can lead to disability and chronic fatigue. Methods: In the present study the preference in terms of coffee and caffeine consumption in patients with MS was assessed. In total the opinions of 124 MS patients were explored with a questionnaire, which was developed to investigate the consumption behavior and associated beneficial and harmful effects of coffee and caffeine concerning symptoms of fatigue. Results: Our study showed that 37.1% of the included patients experience severe symptoms of fatigue. In our cohort, fatigue was not related to age, type of diagnosis or duration of the disease. The effects of coffee did not differ between MS patients with and without fatigue. Very few side effects linked to coffee consumption were reported, and we could demonstrate that coffee consumption had no negative impact on quality of sleep. A positive effect on everyday life was observed particularly among patients with a mid-level expanded disability status scale (EDSS). The strongest effects of coffee consumption were observed regarding a better ability to concentrate while fulfilling tasks, an expanded attention span and a better structured daily routine. Conclusions: Since coffee showed no severe side effects and in the absence of an effective fatigue therapy, coffee consumption might be a therapeutic approach for selected patients with MS-related fatigue.
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Vas S, Casey JM, Schneider WT, Kalmar L, Morton AJ. Wake-Promoting and EEG Spectral Effects of Modafinil After Acute or Chronic Administration in the R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1075-1086. [PMID: 32297185 PMCID: PMC7609772 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is characterised by progressive symptoms including cognitive deficits and sleep/wake disturbances reflected in an abnormal electroencephalography (EEG). Modafinil, a wake-promoting and cognitive-enhancing drug, has been considered as a treatment for HD. We used HD (R6/2) mice to investigate the potential for using modafinil to treat sleep-wake disturbance in HD. R6/2 mice show sleep-wake and EEG changes similar to those seen in HD patients, with increased rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), decreased wakefulness/increased non-REMS (NREMS), and pathological changes in EEG spectra, particularly an increase in gamma power. We recorded EEG from R6/2 and wild-type mice treated with modafinil acutely (with single doses between 25 and 100 mg/kg; at 12 and 16 weeks of age), or chronically (64 mg/kg modafinil/day from 6 to 15 weeks). Acutely, modafinil increased wakefulness in R6/2 mice and restored NREMS to wild-type levels at 12 weeks. It also suppressed the pathologically increased REMS. This was accompanied by decreased delta power, increased peak frequency of theta, and increased gamma power. At 16 weeks, acute modafinil also restored wakefulness and NREMS to wild-type levels. However, whilst REMS decreased, it did not return to normal levels. By contrast, in the chronic treatment group, modafinil-induced wakefulness was maintained at 15 weeks (after 9 weeks of treatment). Interestingly, chronic modafinil also caused widespread suppression of power across the EEG spectra, including a reduction in gamma that increases pathologically in R6/2 mice. The complex EEG effects of modafinil in R6/2 mice should provide a baseline for further studies to investigate the translatability of these result to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Vas
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Jackie M Casey
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Will T Schneider
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Lajos Kalmar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - A Jennifer Morton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK.
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Van der Auwera P, Frooninckx L, Buscemi K, Vance RT, Watteyne J, Mirabeau O, Temmerman L, De Haes W, Fancsalszky L, Gottschalk A, Raizen DM, Nelson MD, Schoofs L, Beets I. RPamide neuropeptides NLP-22 and NLP-2 act through GnRH-like receptors to promote sleep and wakefulness in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9929. [PMID: 32555288 PMCID: PMC7303124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and wakefulness are fundamental behavioral states of which the underlying molecular principles are becoming slowly elucidated. Transitions between these states require the coordination of multiple neurochemical and modulatory systems. In Caenorhabditis elegans sleep occurs during a larval transition stage called lethargus and is induced by somnogenic neuropeptides. Here, we identify two opposing neuropeptide/receptor signaling pathways: NLP-22 promotes behavioral quiescence, whereas NLP-2 promotes movement during lethargus, by signaling through gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) related receptors. Both NLP-2 and NLP-22 belong to the RPamide neuropeptide family and share sequence similarities with neuropeptides of the bilaterian GnRH, adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and corazonin family. RPamide neuropeptides dose-dependently activate the GnRH/AKH-like receptors GNRR-3 and GNRR-6 in a cellular receptor activation assay. In addition, nlp-22-induced locomotion quiescence requires the receptor gnrr-6. By contrast, wakefulness induced by nlp-2 overexpression is diminished by deletion of either gnrr-3 or gnrr-6. nlp-2 is expressed in a pair of olfactory AWA neurons and cycles with larval periodicity, as reported for nlp-22, which is expressed in RIA. Our data suggest that the somnogenic NLP-22 neuropeptide signals through GNRR-6, and that both GNRR-3 and GNRR-6 are required for the wake-promoting action of NLP-2 neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Van der Auwera
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lotte Frooninckx
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristen Buscemi
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Ryan T Vance
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Jan Watteyne
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter De Haes
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luca Fancsalszky
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Gottschalk
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David M Raizen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew D Nelson
- Department of Biology, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Liliane Schoofs
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Isabel Beets
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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Koch G, Schönfeld N, Jost K, Atkinson A, Schulzke SM, Pfister M, Datta AN. Caffeine preserves quiet sleep in preterm neonates. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00596. [PMID: 32412185 PMCID: PMC7227120 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is widely used in preterm neonates suffering from apnea of prematurity (AOP), and it has become one of the most frequently prescribed medications in neonatal intensive care units. Goal of this study is to investigate how caffeine citrate treatment affects sleep-wake behavior in preterm neonates. The observational study consists of 64 preterm neonates during their first 5 days of life with gestational age (GA) <32 weeks or very low birthweight of < 1500 g. A total of 52 patients treated with caffeine citrate and 12 patients without caffeine citrate were included. Sleep-wake behavior was scored in three stages: active sleep, quiet sleep, and wakefulness. Individual caffeine concentration of every neonate was simulated with a pharmacokinetic model. In neonates with GA ≥ 28 weeks, wakefulness increased and active sleep decreased with increasing caffeine concentrations, whereas quiet sleep remained unchanged. In neonates with GA < 28 weeks, no clear caffeine effects on sleep-wake behavior could be demonstrated. Caffeine increases fraction of wakefulness, alertness, and most probably also arousability at cost of active but not quiet sleep in preterm neonates. As such, caffeine should therefore not affect time for physical and cerebral regeneration during sleep in preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Koch
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Research CenterUniversity Children’s Hospital Basel (UKBB)BaselSwitzerland
| | - Natalie Schönfeld
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Research CenterUniversity Children’s Hospital Basel (UKBB)BaselSwitzerland
| | - Kerstin Jost
- Department of NeonatologyUniversity Children’s Hospital Basel (UKBB)BaselSwitzerland
| | - Andrew Atkinson
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Research CenterUniversity Children’s Hospital Basel (UKBB)BaselSwitzerland
| | - Sven M. Schulzke
- Department of NeonatologyUniversity Children’s Hospital Basel (UKBB)BaselSwitzerland
| | - Marc Pfister
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Research CenterUniversity Children’s Hospital Basel (UKBB)BaselSwitzerland
- Quantitative Solutions a Certara CompanyPrincetonNJUSA
| | - Alexandre N. Datta
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental MedicineUniversity Children’s Hospital Basel (UKBB)BaselSwitzerland
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11
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Xie H, Chung DY, Kura S, Sugimoto K, Aykan SA, Wu Y, Sakadžić S, Yaseen MA, Boas DA, Ayata C. Differential effects of anesthetics on resting state functional connectivity in the mouse. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:875-884. [PMID: 31092086 PMCID: PMC7168791 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19847123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) is a standard approach to examine resting state functional connectivity (RSFC), but fMRI in animal models is challenging. Recently, functional optical intrinsic signal imaging-which relies on the same hemodynamic signal underlying BOLD fMRI-has been developed as a complementary approach to assess RSFC in mice. Since it is difficult to ensure that an animal is in a truly resting state while awake, RSFC measurements under anesthesia remain an important approach. Therefore, we systematically examined measures of RSFC using non-invasive, widefield optical intrinsic signal imaging under five different anesthetics in male C57BL/6J mice. We find excellent seed-based, global, and interhemispheric connectivity using tribromoethanol (Avertin) and ketamine-xylazine, comparable to results in the literature including awake animals. Urethane anesthesia yielded intermediate results, while chloral hydrate and isoflurane were both associated with poor RSFC. Furthermore, we found a correspondence between the strength of RSFC and the power of low-frequency hemodynamic fluctuations. In conclusion, Avertin and ketamine-xylazine provide robust and reproducible measures of RSFC in mice, whereas chloral hydrate and isoflurane do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xie
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - David Y Chung
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sreekanth Kura
- Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazutaka Sugimoto
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Sanem A Aykan
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Mohammad A Yaseen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - David A Boas
- Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Brooks AT, Raju S, Barb JJ, Kazmi N, Chakravorty S, Krumlauf M, Wallen GR. Sleep Regularity Index in Patients with Alcohol Dependence: Daytime Napping and Mood Disorders as Correlates of Interest. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17010331. [PMID: 31947749 PMCID: PMC6982308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is often accompanied by comorbid conditions, including sleep disturbances related to sleep regularity and timing. The Sleep Regularity Index (SRI) is a novel measure that assesses the probability that an individual is awake (vs. asleep) at any two time points 24 h apart. We calculated actigraphy-based SRI on 124 participants with alcohol dependence to capture the effects of changes in sleep timing and duration among patients enrolled in an inpatient alcohol treatment program. During the course of the study, the mean SRI increased between weeks 1 and 3 (75.4 to 77.8), thus indicating slightly improved sleep quality and regularity during alcohol treatment. Individuals within the bottom quartile of SRI scores at week 1 improved significantly over time. Average total SRI for individuals with no mood disorders was slightly higher than that for individuals with one or more mood disorders. Increased SRI scores were associated with lower total nap duration from week 1 to week 3. Increased SRI scores were associated with decreased mental/physical exhaustion scores from week 1 to week 3. The SRI could be a target for assessment/intervention in certain sub-groups of individuals undergoing inpatient treatment for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa T. Brooks
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (G.R.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shravya Raju
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (G.R.W.)
| | - Jennifer J. Barb
- Mathematical and Statistical Computing Lab/CIT/NIH, 12 South Drive Bldg 12A Room 2001, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Narjis Kazmi
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (G.R.W.)
| | - Subhajit Chakravorty
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, MIRECC, 2nd Floor, Mail stop 116, 3900 Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Michael Krumlauf
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (G.R.W.)
| | - Gwenyth R. Wallen
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.R.); (N.K.); (M.K.); (G.R.W.)
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13
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Sa-Ih N, Reakkamnuan C, Samerphob N, Cheaha D, Niyomdecha S, Kumarnsit E. Local field potential power spectra and locomotor activity following treatment with pseudoephedrine in mice. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020; 80:19-31. [PMID: 32214271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of pseudoephedrine (PSE) as a nasal decongestant has been well‑demonstrated; however, PSE is strictly prescribed as a control substance due to its controversial psychostimulant effects. Although standard stimulatory drugs increase exploratory behavior and stimulate the dopamine system, the exact effects of PSE on locomotion and electrical activity in the striatum have not been determined. This study aimed to examine and compare the locomotor activities, local field potential (LFP) and sleep‑wake patterns produced by PSE and morphine, which is a standard drug used to promote psychomotor activity. Male Swiss albino mice were anesthetized and implanted with an intracranial electrode into the striatum. Animals were divided into four groups, which received either saline, PSE or morphine. Locomotor activity and LFP signals were continuously monitored following pseudoephedrine or morphine treatment. One‑way ANOVA revealed that locomotor count was significantly increased by morphine, but not PSE. Frequency analyses of LFP signals using fast Fourier transform also revealed significant increases in spectral powers of low‑ and high‑gamma waves following treatment with morphine, but not PSE. Sleep‑wake analysis also confirmed significant increases in waking and decreases in both non‑rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep following morphine treatment. Sleep‑wakefulness did not appear to be disturbed by PSE treatment. These findings indicate that acute PSE administration, even at high doses, does not have psychostimulatory effects and may be relatively safe for the treatment of non‑chronic nasal congestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusaib Sa-Ih
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chayaporn Reakkamnuan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nifareeda Samerphob
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Dania Cheaha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Research Unit for EEG Biomarkers of Neuronal Diseases, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Saree Niyomdecha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Ekkasit Kumarnsit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand;
- Research Unit for EEG Biomarkers of Neuronal Diseases, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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14
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Zhang S, Xu J, Wang C, Feng D, Dai L, Kuang X, Zhu S, Fang Y, Chen D, He X, Feng X. Rongchang and Xifeng capsules suppress pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures and change rest/wake behavior in zebrafish larvae. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2019; 39:875-884. [PMID: 32186159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of Rongchang capsule and Xifeng capsule on pentylenetetrazole- induced epilepsy in zebrafish larvae and to explore the possible mechanisms behind their actions. METHODS We utilized a trajectory tracking system to monitor seizures in zebrafish larva to confirm that certain concentrations of Rongchang capsule and Xifeng capsule produce antiepileptic effects. c-fos expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to validate the efficacy of the capsules. Rest/wake behavior and correlation analysis predicted the targets of Rongchang capsule and Xifeng capsule. RESULTS Larval movement times and total distances traveled by zebrafish larvae experiencing pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures were decreased by valproate treatment. Rongchang (500 μg/mL) and Xifeng (200 μg/mL) rescued the epileptic behaviors and down-regulated c-fos expression in the brains of larvae, which indicated antiepileptic effects. The rest/wake behavioral profiles showed that Rongchang and Xifeng differentially decreased rest time at night and increased larval locomotor activities during the day. Based on correlation between the actions of the two capsules and known compounds, we predicted that they might change rest/wake behaviors by affecting serotonin, GABAergic and histamine signaling pathways. CONCLUSION The efficacy of Rongchang capsule and Xifeng capsule in alleviating epilepsy-like behaviors and molecular responses was confirmed. Our study provides insight into the capsules' effect on epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chao Wang
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Daofu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Liangti Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiangyu Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongchun Fang
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dongyan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xianghui He
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xizeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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15
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Abstract
Propofol is widely used for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, which causes a rapid loss of consciousness. So far the mechanisms underlying the effect of propofol are still largely unknown. Here, we found that microinjection of propofol in the lateral hypothalamus caused a significant decrease in wakefulness and an increase in the amount of non-rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. Application of propofol in the lateral hypothalamus affected the electroencephalogram power spectra with a decrease in theta oscillations and an increase in the delta oscillations. Additionally, using whole-cell patch clamp recording, we found propofol inhibited the excitability of the GABAergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, which plays a critical role in controlling wakefulness. Altogether, these findings indicate that propofol targets lateral hypothalamus and generates a hypnotic state, which might involve the inhibition of GABAergic neurons. These results provide a novel mechanism to explain propofol-elicited anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of WenLing, Wenling, Zhejiang
| | - Deshuang Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of WenLing, Wenling, Zhejiang
| | - Lingbo Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of WenLing, Wenling, Zhejiang
| | - Yongyu Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of WenLing, Wenling, Zhejiang
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of WenLing, Wenling, Zhejiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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16
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Chen C, Song S. Differential cell-type dependent brain state modulations of sensory representations in the non-lemniscal mouse inferior colliculus. Commun Biol 2019; 2:356. [PMID: 31583287 PMCID: PMC6769006 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory responses of the neocortex are strongly influenced by brain state changes. However, it remains unclear whether and how the sensory responses of the midbrain are affected. Here we addressed this issue by using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging to monitor the spontaneous and sound-evoked activities in the mouse inferior colliculus (IC). We developed a method enabling us to image the first layer of non-lemniscal IC (IC shell L1) in awake behaving mice. Compared with the awake state, spectral tuning selectivity of excitatory neurons was decreased during isoflurane anesthesia. Calcium imaging in behaving animals revealed that activities of inhibitory neurons were highly correlated with locomotion. Compared with stationary periods, spectral tuning selectivity of excitatory neurons was increased during locomotion. Taken together, our studies reveal that neuronal activities in the IC shell L1 are brain state dependent, whereas the brain state modulates the excitatory and inhibitory neurons differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Chen
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Sen Song
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip, Center for Brain-Inspired Computing Research, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
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17
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Drake CL, Kalmbach DA, Cheng P, Roth T, Tran KM, Cuamatzi-Castelan A, Atkinson R, Singh M, Tonnu CV, Fellman-Couture C. Can the Orexin Antagonist Suvorexant Preserve the Ability to Awaken to Auditory Stimuli While Improving Sleep? J Clin Sleep Med 2019; 15:1285-1291. [PMID: 31538599 PMCID: PMC6760418 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The safety profile of the dual orexin receptor antagonists (DORAs) are currently unknown with regard to nocturnal responsivity among people with insomnia. We compared the auditory awakening thresholds (AATs) of the DORA suvorexant (10 and 20 mg) versus placebo in 12 individuals with DSM-5 insomnia. METHODS The study used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-way crossover design. Participants were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence that included placebo, suvorexant 10 mg, and suvorexant 20 mg. At the time of maximum drug concentration, auditory tones were played during stable stage N2 sleep. Tones increased by 5-decibel (db) increments until the participant awakened. The db at awakening was recorded as the AAT and compared between conditions. The proportion of awakenings higher than 85 db was also compared between conditions. Finally, sensitivity analyses were also conducted using surrounding thresholds (80 db and 90 db). RESULTS The mean AAT did not differ significantly between either dose of suvorexant compared to placebo. Moreover, the proportions of individuals who remained asleep at the AAT 85 db cutoff did not differ across conditions. In addition, wake after sleep onset decreased and total sleep time increased in the suvorexant 20 mg condition compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Suvorexant (10 and 20 mg) preserved the ability to respond to nocturnal stimuli, whereas the 20-mg dose improved the sleep of people with insomnia. This suggests that DORAs such as suvorexant can effectively treat insomnia while allowing patients to awaken to nocturnal stimuli in the environment. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Title: A Phase IV 3-Way Double-blind, Randomized, Crossover Study to Compare the Awakening Threshold Effects (Responsivity) of Belsomra 10 mg and 20 mg to Placebo in Non-elderly Insomniacs; Identifier NCT03312517; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03312517. CITATION Drake CL, Kalmbach DA, Cheng P, Roth T, Tran KM, Cuamatzi-Castelan A, Atkinson R, SinghM, Tonnu CV, Fellman-Couture C. Can the orexin antagonist suvorexant preserve the ability to awaken to auditory stimuli while improving sleep? J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(9):1285-1291.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Drake
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - David A Kalmbach
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Philip Cheng
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Thomas Roth
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Kieulinh Michelle Tran
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Rachel Atkinson
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Meeta Singh
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Christine V Tonnu
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Cynthia Fellman-Couture
- Thomas Roth Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
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Liu X, Lauer KK, Ward BD, Roberts CJ, Liu S, Gollapudy S, Rohloff R, Gross W, Xu Z, Chen S, Wang L, Yang Z, Li SJ, Binder JR, Hudetz AG. Regional entropy of functional imaging signals varies differently in sensory and cognitive systems during propofol-modulated loss and return of behavioral responsiveness. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:514-525. [PMID: 29737490 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The level and richness of consciousness depend on information integration in the brain. Altered interregional functional interactions may indicate disrupted information integration during anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. How anesthetics modulate the amount of information in various brain regions has received less attention. Here, we propose a novel approach to quantify regional information content in the brain by the entropy of the principal components of regional blood oxygen-dependent imaging signals during graded propofol sedation. Fifteen healthy individuals underwent resting-state scans in wakeful baseline, light sedation (conscious), deep sedation (unconscious), and recovery (conscious). Light sedation characterized by lethargic behavioral responses was associated with global reduction of entropy in the brain. Deep sedation with completely suppressed overt responsiveness was associated with further reductions of entropy in sensory (primary and higher sensory plus orbital prefrontal cortices) but not high-order cognitive (dorsal and medial prefrontal, cingulate, parietotemporal cortices and hippocampal areas) systems. Upon recovery of responsiveness, entropy was restored in the sensory but not in high-order cognitive systems. These findings provide novel evidence for a reduction of information content of the brain as a potential systems-level mechanism of reduced consciousness during propofol anesthesia. The differential changes of entropy in the sensory and high-order cognitive systems associated with losing and regaining overt responsiveness are consistent with the notion of "disconnected consciousness", in which a complete sensory-motor disconnection from the environment occurs with preserved internal mentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Center for Imaging Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Kathryn K Lauer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - B Douglas Ward
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Suyan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Suneeta Gollapudy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert Rohloff
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - William Gross
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Zhan Xu
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lubin Wang
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Jiang Li
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Binder
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Anthony G Hudetz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, 1301 East Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Torres C, Kim Y. The effects of caffeine on marksmanship accuracy and reaction time: a systematic review. Ergonomics 2019; 62:1023-1032. [PMID: 31045484 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1613572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Military and law enforcement personnel are required to maintain optimal marksman accuracy and reaction time during extended duty hours amidst environmental stressors. Although caffeine is commonly used to mitigate the consequences of fatigue, the effects of caffeine on marksmanship accuracy are inconclusive. The purpose of this review was to determine the effect of caffeine on marksman accuracy and reaction time. A literature search was conducted and 17 articles were selected for review based on relevance and methodological quality. Caffeine consistently improved marksman reaction time but did not improve marksmanship accuracy. However, there is some evidence that caffeine attenuates performance decrements in marksman accuracy caused by stress and fatigue if optimal dosing strategies are employed. Dosing strategies timed according to hours of wakefulness and time before testing could prevent performance deterioration. Doses of 100-200 mg every 2 hours may effectively improve accuracy during extended duty; however, further research is needed. Practitioner Summary: The purpose of this review was to determine the effect of caffeine on marksman accuracy and reaction time. A literature search was conducted and 17 articles were selected for review based on relevance and methodological quality. Caffeine consistently improved marksman reaction time but did not improve marksmanship accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Torres
- a Department of Nutrition , Central Michigan University , Mt. Pleasant , MI , 48859 , USA
| | - Yeonsoo Kim
- a Department of Nutrition , Central Michigan University , Mt. Pleasant , MI , 48859 , USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting stimulant that has been approved by the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) as a fatigue countermeasure medication since 2011. Each RSAF aircrew member must undergo a ground test to exclude operationally relevant adverse drug effects prior to consuming the medication for operational reasons. This study describes the RSAF's modafinil ground testing outcomes over a 7-yr period.METHODS: This is a retrospective case series of 243 RSAF aircrew members who underwent modafinil 100-mg test dosing over the 7-yr period from September 2011 to September 2018.RESULTS: The median age was 31 yr (range, 21-53 yr) and mean age was 31.7 yr ± 6.19 yr. Of the aircrew members, 234 (96.3%) were men and all were of Asian ethnicity. Of the subjects, 237 (97.5%) were medically cleared for the operational use of modafinil. Among the six (2.47%) who failed modafinil ground testing, headache (cumulative incidence, 1.65%), anxiety (cumulative incidence, 0.41%), diarrhea (cumulative incidence, 0.41%), and insomnia (cumulative incidence, 0.41%) were reported as the side effects experienced. None of the aircrew members experienced major adverse drug events.DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest a low occurrence of adverse drug effects among military aircrew members who undergo modafinil test dosing prior to using the drug operationally. To our knowledge, this is the single largest published case series of modafinil ground testing outcomes among Asian military aviators.Ooi T, Wong SH, See B. Modafinil as a stimulant for military aviators. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2019; 90(5):480-483.
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21
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Yu X, Ma Y, Harding EC, Yustos R, Vyssotski AL, Franks NP, Wisden W. Genetic lesioning of histamine neurons increases sleep-wake fragmentation and reveals their contribution to modafinil-induced wakefulness. Sleep 2019; 42:zsz031. [PMID: 30722053 PMCID: PMC6519916 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute chemogenetic inhibition of histamine (HA) neurons in adult mice induced nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep with an increased delta power. By contrast, selective genetic lesioning of HA neurons with caspase in adult mice exhibited a normal sleep-wake cycle overall, except at the diurnal start of the lights-off period, when they remained sleepier. The amount of time spent in NREM sleep and in the wake state in mice with lesioned HA neurons was unchanged over 24 hr, but the sleep-wake cycle was more fragmented. Both the delayed increase in wakefulness at the start of the night and the sleep-wake fragmentation are similar phenotypes to histidine decarboxylase knockout mice, which cannot synthesize HA. Chronic loss of HA neurons did not affect sleep homeostasis after sleep deprivation. However, the chronic loss of HA neurons or chemogenetic inhibition of HA neurons did notably reduce the ability of the wake-promoting compound modafinil to sustain wakefulness. Thus, part of modafinil's wake-promoting actions arise through the HA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Raquel Yustos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Alexei L Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, UK
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, UK
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22
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Pajcin M, White JM, Banks S, Dorrian J, Paech GM, Grant CL, Johnson K, Tooley K, Aidman E, Fidock J, Kamimori GH, Della Vedova CB. Effects of strategic early-morning caffeine gum administration on association between salivary alpha-amylase and neurobehavioural performance during 50 h of sleep deprivation. Accid Anal Prev 2019; 126:160-172. [PMID: 29402402 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-assessment is the most common method for monitoring performance and safety in the workplace. However, discrepancies between subjective and objective measures have increased interest in physiological assessment of performance. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, 23 healthy adults were randomly assigned to either a placebo (n = 11; 5 F, 6 M) or caffeine condition (n = 12; 4 F, 8 M) while undergoing 50 h (i.e. two days) of total sleep deprivation. In previous work, higher salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) levels were associated with improved psychomotor vigilance and simulated driving performance in the placebo condition. In this follow-up article, the effects of strategic caffeine administration on the previously reported diurnal profiles of sAA and performance, and the association between sAA and neurobehavioural performance were investigated. Participants were given a 10 h baseline sleep opportunity (monitored via standard polysomnography techniques) prior to undergoing sleep deprivation (total sleep time: placebo = 8.83 ± 0.48 h; caffeine = 9.01 ± 0.48 h). During sleep deprivation, caffeine gum (200 mg) was administered at 01:00 h, 03:00 h, 05:00 h, and 07:00 h to participants in the caffeine condition (n = 12). This strategic administration of caffeine gum (200 mg) has been shown to be effective at maintaining cognitive performance during extended wakefulness. Saliva samples were collected, and psychomotor vigilance and simulated driving performance assessed at three-hour intervals throughout wakefulness. Caffeine effects on diurnal variability were compared with previously reported findings in the placebo condition (n = 11). The impact of caffeine on the circadian profile of sAA coincided with changes in neurobehavioural performance. Higher sAA levels were associated with improved performance on the psychomotor vigilance test during the first 24 h of wakefulness in the caffeine condition. However, only the association between sAA and response speed (i.e. reciprocal-transform of mean reaction time) was consistent across both days of sleep deprivation. The association between sAA and driving performance was not consistent across both days of sleep deprivation. Results show that the relationship between sAA and reciprocal-transform of mean reaction time on the psychomotor vigilance test persisted in the presence of caffeine, however the association was relatively weaker as compared with the placebo condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Pajcin
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, AUS.
| | - Jason M White
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, AUS
| | - Siobhan Banks
- Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Magill, SA, AUS
| | - Jill Dorrian
- Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Magill, SA, AUS
| | - Gemma M Paech
- Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Magill, SA, AUS
| | - Crystal L Grant
- Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Magill, SA, AUS
| | - Kayla Johnson
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Department of Defence, Edinburgh, SA, AUS
| | - Katie Tooley
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Department of Defence, Edinburgh, SA, AUS
| | - Eugene Aidman
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Department of Defence, Edinburgh, SA, AUS
| | - Justin Fidock
- Land Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Department of Defence, Edinburgh, SA, AUS
| | - Gary H Kamimori
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute for Research, Silver Springs, MD, USA
| | - Chris B Della Vedova
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, AUS
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23
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Mathews HL, Stitzel JA. The effects of oral nicotine administration and abstinence on sleep in male C57BL/6J mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1335-1347. [PMID: 30564868 PMCID: PMC7372999 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are common in smoking cessation attempts and are predictive of relapse. Despite this knowledge, there is no established animal model to study the effect of nicotine abstinence on sleep and EEG parameters. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to characterize sleep and wakefulness in male C57BL/6J mice during periods of oral nicotine administration and abstinence. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were implanted with EEG/EMG recording devices. EEG/EMG data were recorded continuously for a period of 4 weeks. At the beginning of week 2, 200 μg/ml of nicotine was added to the 0.2% saccharin vehicle drinking solution. Following a 2-week period of oral nicotine administration, abstinence was initiated by excluding the nicotine from the 0.2% saccharin vehicle drinking solution. EEG/EMG were analyzed at pre-nicotine baseline, during nicotine administration, and on days 1, 2, and 5 of abstinence from nicotine. RESULTS Oral nicotine administration decreased total sleep time during the active phase, consistent with the stimulant actions of nicotine. In contrast, NREM sleep quantity was increased during the active phase on nicotine abstinence day 1 and REM sleep was decreased during days 2 and 5 of abstinence. Further, sleep fragmentation was increased during the inactive phase on all days of abstinence. Oral nicotine administration and abstinence from nicotine also altered EEG relative power frequencies during the inactive and active phase. CONCLUSIONS Both oral nicotine administration and abstinence lead to sleep disturbances in mice. Similarities between this model and human reports on the effect of nicotine/nicotine withdrawal on sleep support its utility in examining the molecular mechanisms that modulate the relationship between sleep, nicotine, and nicotine abstinence/withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter L Mathews
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of Colorado Boulder, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Jerry A Stitzel
- Department of Integrative Physiology, The University of Colorado Boulder, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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24
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Hansen DA, Ramakrishnan S, Satterfield BC, Wesensten NJ, Layton ME, Reifman J, Van Dongen HPA. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of the effects of repeated-dose caffeine on neurobehavioral performance during 48 h of total sleep deprivation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1313-1322. [PMID: 30539266 PMCID: PMC7571542 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Caffeine is widely used as a countermeasure against neurobehavioral impairment during sleep deprivation. However, little is known about the pharmacodynamic profile of caffeine administered repeatedly during total sleep deprivation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of repeated caffeine dosing on neurobehavioral performance during sleep deprivation, we conducted a laboratory-based, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, multi-dose study of repeated caffeine administration during 48 h of sleep deprivation. Twelve healthy adults (mean age 27.4 years, six women) completed an 18-consecutive-day in-laboratory study consisting of three 48 h total sleep deprivation periods separated by 3-day recovery periods. During each sleep deprivation period, subjects were awakened at 07:00 and administered caffeine gum (0, 200, or 300 mg) at 6, 18, 30, and 42 h of wakefulness. The Psychomotor Vigilance Test and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale were administered every 2 h. RESULTS The 200 and 300 mg doses of caffeine mitigated neurobehavioral impairment across the sleep deprivation period, approaching two-fold performance improvements relative to placebo immediately after the nighttime gum administrations. No substantive differences were noted between the 200 mg and 300 mg caffeine doses, and adverse effects were minimal. CONCLUSIONS The neurobehavioral effects of repeated caffeine dosing during sleep deprivation were most evident during the circadian alertness trough (i.e., at night). The difference between the 200 mg and 300 mg doses, in terms of the mitigation of performance impairment, was small. Neither caffeine dose fully restored performance to well-rested levels. These findings inform the development of biomathematical models that more accurately account for the time of day and sleep pressure-dependent effects of caffeine on neurobehavioral performance during sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon A Hansen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
| | - Sridhar Ramakrishnan
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Brieann C Satterfield
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nancy J Wesensten
- Air Traffic Organization, Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew E Layton
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jaques Reifman
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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25
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Ayala-Guerrero F, Mexicano G, Gutiérrez-Chávez CA, Lazo LA, Mateos EL. Effect of gabapentin on sleep patterns disturbed by epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 92:290-296. [PMID: 30731295 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, numerous sleep alterations induced by nocturnal epilepsy have been described. Such alterations include sleep fragmentation, decrement of sleep efficiency, increment of the wake time after sleep onset (WASO), increment of light sleep, and decrement of sleep depth. On the other hand, gabapentin (GBP), an antiepileptic drug analog of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) used as adjunctive and eventually, as a monotherapeutic treatment, induces a significant improvement in patients with both focal and secondarily generalized partial seizures. In experimental epilepsy models, this drug protects against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsions. In consideration of such GBP properties, the aim of this work was to investigate its efficacy to protect against sleep disturbances provoked by convulsive seizures induced by the administration of PTZ. Nine-hour (9-hour) polygraphic studies were carried out in chronically implanted male adult Wistar rats separated into 4 different groups of 6 individuals. Control recordings in each group were done after saline administration. One group received a SC Subcutaneous (SC) injection of 50 mg/kg of PTZ alone while the other three groups were injected with either 15, 30, or 60 mg/kg IP Intraperitoneal (IP) of GBP 30 min prior to PTZ (50 mg/kg SC) administration. Animals displayed the whole range of electrophysiological and behavioral manifestations of the disease during the epileptic episodes induced by PTZ administration, and the states of vigilance were significantly altered. Insomnia occurred immediately after PTZ injection preceding the appearance of the first epileptic symptoms. Thus, both slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep) were completely inhibited during a relatively long period of time. The disturbing effects of epilepsy on sleep decreased when animals were under GBP treatment. Improvement of sleep was dependent on the administered dose of this antiepileptic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graciela Mexicano
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed psychostimulants, and it impacts sleep and circadian physiology. AIM Caffeine is generally used chronically on a daily basis. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated the chronic effect of caffeine on sleep in mice. METHODS We recorded the electroencephalogram and electromyogram on a control day, on the first day of caffeine consumption (acute), and following two weeks of continuous caffeine consumption (chronic). In the latter condition, a period of six-hour sleep deprivation was conducted during the light period. Control mice, which received normal drinking water, were also recorded and sleep deprived. RESULTS We found that caffeine induced differential effects following acute and chronic consumption. Over 24 h, waking increased following acute caffeine whereas no changes were found in the chronic condition. The daily amplitude of sleep-wake states increased in both acute and chronic conditions, with the highest amplitude in the chronic condition, showing an increase in sleep during the light and an increase in waking during the dark. Furthermore, electroencephalogram slow-wave-activity in non-rapid eye-movement sleep was increased, compared with both control conditions, during the first half of the light period in the chronic condition. It was particularly challenging to keep the animals awake during the sleep deprivation period under chronic caffeine. CONCLUSIONS Together the data suggest an increased sleep pressure under chronic caffeine. In contrast to the traditional conception on the impact on sleep, chronic caffeine intake seems to increase the daily sleep-wake cycle amplitude and increase sleep pressure in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Panagiotou
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy Meijer
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna H Meijer
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Deboer
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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27
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Mi P, Zhang QP, Li SB, Liu XY, Zhang SH, Li M, Chen DY, Zhao X, Feng DF, Feng XZ. Melatonin protects embryonic development and maintains sleep/wake behaviors from the deleterious effects of fluorene-9-bisphenol in zebrafish (Danio rerio). J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12530. [PMID: 30269372 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Environmental endocrine chemicals have various adverse effects on the development of vertebrates. Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF), a substitute of bisphenol A (BPA), is widely used in commercial production. The effects of BHPF on development and behavior are unclear. Melatonin plays a protective role under many unfavorable conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of BHPF on the development and behaviors of zebrafish and whether melatonin reverses effects induced by BHPF. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.1, 10, or 1000 nmol/L BHPF with or without 1 μmol/L melatonin from 2 hours postfertilization to 6 days postfertilization. The results showed that 0.1 and 10 nmol/L BHPF had little effect on development. High-dose BHPF (1000 nmol/L) delayed the development, increased mortality and surface tension of embryonic chorions, caused aberrant expression of the key genes (ntl, shh, krox20, pax2, cmlc2) in early development detected by in situ hybridization, and damaged the CaP motor neurons, which were associated with locomotion ability detected by immunofluorescence. Melatonin addition reversed or weakened these adverse effects of BHPF on development, and melatonin alone increased surface tension as the effects of high-dose BHPF. However, all groups of BHPF exposure triggered insomnia-like behaviors, with increased waking activity and decreased rest behaviors. BHPF acted on the hypocretin (hcrt) system and upregulated the expression of sleep/wake regulators such as hcrt, hcrt receptor (hcrtr), arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase-2 (aanat2). Melatonin recovered the alternation of sleep/wake behaviors induced by BHPF and restored abnormal gene expression to normal levels. This study showed that high-dose BHPF had adverse effects on early development and induced behavioral alternations. However, melatonin prevented BHPF-induced aberrant development and sleep/wake behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Bao Li
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong-Yan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dao-Fu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi-Zeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
Over the period of decades in the mid to late twentieth century, arousal-promoting functions were attributed to neuromodulators including serotonin, hypocretin, histamine, and noradrenaline. For some time, a relatively minor role in regulating sleep and wake states was ascribed to dopamine and the dopamine-producing cells of the ventral tegmental area, despite the fact that dopaminergic signaling is a major target, if not the primary target, for wake-promoting agents. In recent years, due to observations from human genetic studies, pharmacogenetic studies in animal models, and the increasingly sophisticated methods used to manipulate the nervous systems of experimental animals, it has become clear that dopaminergic signaling is central to the regulation of arousal. This chapter reviews this central role of dopaminergic signaling, and in particular its antagonistic interaction with adenosinergic signaling, in maintaining vigilance and in the response to wake-promoting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Wisor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Narcolepsy-cataplexy is a debilitating disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, a bilateral loss of muscle tone triggered by positive emotions. The disease is caused by the loss of orexin-producing neurons in the hypothalamus. Currently, only symptom-oriented therapies are available for narcolepsy. We have recently discovered a potent, non-peptide orexin type-2 receptor (OX2R) agonist, YNT-185. We show that peripheral administration of YNT-185 significantly ameliorated the narcolepsy symptoms in a mouse model for narcolepsy. No desensitization was observed after repeated administration of YNT-185 with respect to the suppression of cataplexy-like episodes. These results provide a proof -of-concept for mechanistic therapy for narcolepsy-cataplexy using OX2R agonists. Additionally, YNT-185 promoted wakefulness in wild-type mice, suggesting that orexin receptor agonists may be useful for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness due to other conditions, such as sleepiness accompanying depression and sleepiness due to side effects of medicines or jet lag/shift work.
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Mees L, Fidler J, Kreuzer M, Fu J, Pardue MT, García PS. Faster emergence behavior from ketamine/xylazine anesthesia with atipamezole versus yohimbine. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199087. [PMID: 30372437 PMCID: PMC6205597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent interest in reversal of the hypnotic effects of anesthesia has mainly focused on overcoming a surge in GABA-mediated inhibitory signaling through activation of subcortical arousal circuits or antagonizing GABA receptors. Here we examine the reversal of anesthesia produced from non-GABA agents ketamine/xylazine and the effects of antagonists of adrenoreceptors. These antagonists vary in selectivity and produce temporally unique waking behavior post-anesthesia. We compared two antagonists with differential selectivity for α1- vs. α2-receptors, yohimbine (YOH, 1:40 selectivity) and atipamezole (ATI, 1:8500). Adult mice received intraperitoneal injections of either YOH (4.3 mg/kg), ATI (0.4 mg/kg), or saline after achieving sustained loss of righting following injection of ketamine/xylazine (ketamine: 65.0 mg/kg; xylazine: 9.9 mg/kg). Behaviors indicative of the post-anesthesia, re-animation sequence were carefully monitored and the timing of each behavior relative to anesthesia induction was compared. Both YOH and ATI hastened behaviors indicative of emergence, but ATI was faster than YOH to produce certain behaviors, including whisker movement (YOH: 21.9±1.5 min, ATI: 17.5±0.5 min, p = 0.004) and return of righting reflex (RORR) (YOH: 40.6±8.8 min, ATI: 26.0±1.2 min, p<0.001). Interestingly, although YOH administration hastened early behavioral markers of emergence relative to saline (whisking), the completion of the emergence sequence (time from first marker to appearance of RORR) was delayed with YOH. We attribute this effect to antagonism of α1 receptors by yohimbine. Also notable was the failure of either antagonist to hasten the re-establishment of coordinated motor behavior (e.g., attempts to remove adhesive tape on the forepaw placed during anesthesia) relative to the end of emergence (RORR). In total, our work suggests that in addition to pharmacokinetic effects, re-establishment of normal waking behaviors after anesthesia involves neuronal circuits dependent on time and/or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Mees
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Fidler
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matthias Kreuzer
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jieming Fu
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Machelle T. Pardue
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Paul S. García
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Individual differences in subjective response (SR) to alcohol (e.g., stimulation, sedation) are a significant predictor of negative alcohol outcomes. Previous studies have reported ethnic differences in SR (e.g., between some Asian populations and Caucasians), but very few studies have examined SR among Hispanic/Latino individuals. To address this gap in the literature, the present study utilized data from a large-scale, placebo-controlled alcohol administration study to examine differences in SR between Hispanic/Latino and Caucasian individuals. Social drinkers (N = 447) aged 21 to 25 years were randomized to receive either a dose of alcohol targeting a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 g% or placebo. Only non-Hispanic Caucasian participants (n = 234) and Hispanic/Latino participants (n = 87) were utilized in analyses. SR was assessed at baseline, on the ascending limb of the blood alcohol curve, at peak BAC, and on the descending limb. Repeated measures ANCOVA was utilized to examine interactions between beverage condition, ethnicity, and time predicting SR. The interaction between beverage condition, ethnicity, and time was significant only for low-arousal negative SR (negative sedative effects), such that Hispanic/Latino individuals experienced stronger sedative effects under alcohol (vs. placebo) compared with Caucasian individuals. Caucasians and Hispanic/Latinos showed a similar profile of response with respect to positive aspects of SR (e.g., stimulation). In summary, Hispanic/Latino individuals reported stronger negative SR to alcohol compared with Caucasian individuals, which may be protective against alcohol-related problems. However, future studies are needed to investigate why Hispanic/Latino males remain at relatively high risk for alcohol problems despite stronger negative SR relative to Caucasians. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Abstract
Study Objectives The present study investigated the function of Hypocretin (Hcrt or Orexin/OX) receptor antagonists in sleep modulation and memory function with optical methods in transgenic mice. Methods We used Hcrt-IRES-Cre knock-in mice and AAV vectors expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) to render Hcrt neurons sensitive to blue light stimulation. We optogenetically stimulated Hcrt neurons and measured latencies to wakefulness in the presence or absence of OX1/2R antagonists and Zolpidem. We also examined endogenous Hcrt neuronal activity with fiber photometry. Changes in memory after optogenetic sleep disruption were evaluated by the novel object recognition test (NOR) and compared for groups treated with vehicle, OX1/2R antagonists, or Zolpidem. We also analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra of wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM (NREM) sleep following the injections of vehicle, OX1/2R antagonists, and Zolpidem in young adult mice. Results Acute optogenetic stimulation of Hcrt neurons at different frequencies resulted in wakefulness. Treatment with dual OX1/2R antagonists (DORAs) DORA12 and MK6096, as well as selective OX2R antagonist MK1064 and Zolpidem, but not selective OX1R antagonist 1SORA1, significantly reduced the bout length of optogenetic stimulation-evoked wakefulness episode. Fiber photometry recordings of GCaMP6f signals showed that Hcrt neurons are active during wakefulness, even in the presence of OXR antagonists. Treatment with dual OX1/2R antagonists improved memory function despite optogenetic sleep fragmentation caused impaired memory function in a NOR test. Conclusions Our results show DORAs and selective OX2R antagonists stabilize sleep and improve sleep-dependent cognitive processes even when challenged by optogenetic stimulation mimicking highly arousing stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Bin Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Natalie Nevárez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - William J Giardino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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LaBerge S, LaMarca K, Baird B. Pre-sleep treatment with galantamine stimulates lucid dreaming: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201246. [PMID: 30089135 PMCID: PMC6082533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lucid dreaming is a remarkable state of consciousness in which one is aware of the fact that one is dreaming while continuing to dream. Based on the strong relationship between physiological activation during rapid eye-movement sleep and lucid dreaming, our pilot research investigated whether enhancing cortical activation via acetylcholinesterease inhibition (AChEI) would increase the frequency of lucid dreams and found AChEI to be a promising method for lucid dream induction. In the current study we sought to quantify the size and reliability of the effect of AChEI on lucid dreaming, dream recall and dream content as well as to test the effectiveness of an integrated lucid dream induction protocol which combined cholinergic stimulation with other methods for lucid dream induction. Participants (N = 121) with high dream recall and an interest in lucid dreaming were randomly assigned counterbalanced orders of 3 doses of galantamine (0, 4 and 8 mg). On 3 consecutive nights, they awoke approximately 4.5 hours after lights out, recalled a dream, ingested the capsules and stayed out of bed for at least 30 minutes. Participants then returned to bed and practiced the Mnemonic Induction of Lucid Dreams technique while returning to sleep. The percentage of participants who reported a lucid dream was significantly increased for both 4 mg (27%, odds ratio = 2.29) and 8 mg doses (42%, odds ratio = 4.46) compared to the active placebo procedure (14%). Galantamine also significantly increased dream recall, sensory vividness and complexity (p<0.05). Dream recall, cognitive clarity, control, positive emotion, vividness and self-reflection were increased during lucid compared to non-lucid dreams (p<0.0001). These results show that galantamine increases the frequency of lucid dreams in a dose-related manner. Furthermore, the integrated method of taking galantamine in the last third of the night with at least 30 minutes of sleep interruption and with an appropriately focused mental set is one of the most effective methods for inducing lucid dreams available today.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin Baird
- Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Xi C, Sun S, Pan C, Ji F, Cui X, Li T. Different effects of propofol and dexmedetomidine sedation on electroencephalogram patterns: Wakefulness, moderate sedation, deep sedation and recovery. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199120. [PMID: 29920532 PMCID: PMC6007908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedation induces changes in electroencephalography (EEG) dynamics. However, the distinct EEG dynamic characteristics at comparable sedation levels have not been well studied, resulting in potential interpretation errors in EEG monitoring during sedation. We aimed to analyze the EEG dynamics of dexmedetomidine and propofol at comparable sedation levels and to explore EEG changes with increased sedation levels for each agent. We measured the Bispectral Index (BIS) and 20-channel EEG under dexmedetomidine and propofol sedation from wakefulness, moderate sedation, and deep sedation to recovery in healthy volunteers (n = 10) in a randomized, 2-day, crossover study. Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation (OAA/S) score was used to assess sedation levels. Despite similar changes in increased delta oscillations, multiple differences in the EEG spatiotemporal dynamics were observed between these two agents. During moderate sedation, both dexmedetomidine and propofol induced increased spindle power; however, dexmedetomidine decreased the global alpha/beta/gamma power, whereas propofol decreased the alpha power in the occipital area and increased the global spindle/beta/gamma power. During deep sedation, dexmedetomidine was associated with increased fronto-central spindle power and decreased global alpha/beta/gamma power, but propofol was associated with increased theta/alpha/spindle/beta power, which was maximized in the frontal area. The transition of topographic alpha/spindle/beta power distribution from moderate sedation to deep sedation completely differed between these two agents. Our study demonstrated that there was a distinct hierarchy of EEG changes with increased sedation depths by propofol and dexmedetomidine. Differences in EEG dynamics at the same sedation level might account for differences in the BIS value and reflect the different sedation mechanisms. EEG-based clinical sedation monitoring should consider the effect of drug types on EEG dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Xi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyue Sun
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuxiong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzuo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Chazalon M, Dumas S, Bernard JF, Sahly I, Tronche F, de Kerchove d'Exaerde A, Hamon M, Adrien J, Fabre V, Bonnavion P. The GABAergic Gudden's dorsal tegmental nucleus: A new relay for serotonergic regulation of sleep-wake behavior in the mouse. Neuropharmacology 2018; 138:315-330. [PMID: 29908240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) neurons are involved in wake promotion and exert a strong inhibitory influence on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Such effects have been ascribed, at least in part to the action of 5-HT at post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1AR) in the brainstem, a major wake/REM sleep regulatory center. However, the neuroanatomical substrate through which 5-HT1AR influence sleep remains elusive. We therefore investigated whether a brainstem structure containing a high density of 5-HT1AR mRNA, the GABAergic Gudden's dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTg), may contribute to 5-HT-mediated regulatory mechanisms of sleep-wake stages. We first found that bilateral lesions of the DTg promote wake at the expense of sleep. In addition, using local microinjections into the DTg in freely moving mice, we showed that local activation of 5-HT1AR by the prototypical agonist 8-OH-DPAT enhances wake and reduces deeply REM sleep duration. The specific involvement of 5-HT1AR in the latter effects was further demonstrated by ex vivo extracellular recordings showing that the selective 5-HT1AR antagonist WAY 100635 prevented DTg neuron inhibition by 8-OH-DPAT. We next found that GABAergic neurons of the ventral DTg exclusively targets glutamatergic neurons of the lateral mammillary nucleus (LM) in the posterior hypothalamus by means of anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques using cre driver mouse lines and a modified rabies virus. Altogether, our findings strongly support the idea that 5-HT-driven enhancement of wake results from 5-HT1AR-mediated inhibition of DTg GABAergic neurons that would in turn disinhibit glutamatergic neurons in the mammillary bodies. We therefore propose a Raphe→DTg→LM pathway as a novel regulatory circuit underlying 5-HT modulation of arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Chazalon
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neurosciences Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-François Bernard
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CPN), 75014, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Iman Sahly
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - François Tronche
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alban de Kerchove d'Exaerde
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neurosciences Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Hamon
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CPN), 75014, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Adrien
- Université Paris Descartes, VIFASOM, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Fabre
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Patricia Bonnavion
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neurosciences Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CPN), 75014, Paris, France.
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Fagerholm ED, Dinov M, Knöpfel T, Leech R. The characteristic patterns of neuronal avalanches in mice under anesthesia and at rest: An investigation using constrained artificial neural networks. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197893. [PMID: 29795654 PMCID: PMC5967741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Local perturbations within complex dynamical systems can trigger cascade-like events that spread across significant portions of the system. Cascades of this type have been observed across a broad range of scales in the brain. Studies of these cascades, known as neuronal avalanches, usually report the statistics of large numbers of avalanches, without probing the characteristic patterns produced by the avalanches themselves. This is partly due to limitations in the extent or spatiotemporal resolution of commonly used neuroimaging techniques. In this study, we overcome these limitations by using optical voltage (genetically encoded voltage indicators) imaging. This allows us to record cortical activity in vivo across an entire cortical hemisphere, at both high spatial (~30um) and temporal (~20ms) resolution in mice that are either in an anesthetized or awake state. We then use artificial neural networks to identify the characteristic patterns created by neuronal avalanches in our data. The avalanches in the anesthetized cortex are most accurately classified by an artificial neural network architecture that simultaneously connects spatial and temporal information. This is in contrast with the awake cortex, in which avalanches are most accurately classified by an architecture that treats spatial and temporal information separately, due to the increased levels of spatiotemporal complexity. This is in keeping with reports of higher levels of spatiotemporal complexity in the awake brain coinciding with features of a dynamical system operating close to criticality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D. Fagerholm
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Dinov
- The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, The Centre for Neuroscience, The Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Centre for Neurotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Leech
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Boussen S, Spiegler A, Benar C, Carrère M, Bartolomei F, Metellus P, Voituriez R, Velly L, Bruder N, Trébuchon A. Time rescaling reproduces EEG behavior during transition from propofol anesthesia-induced unconsciousness to consciousness. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6015. [PMID: 29662089 PMCID: PMC5902625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia (GA) is a reversible manipulation of consciousness whose mechanism is mysterious at the level of neural networks leaving space for several competing hypotheses. We recorded electrocorticography (ECoG) signals in patients who underwent intracranial monitoring during awake surgery for the treatment of cerebral tumors in functional areas of the brain. Therefore, we recorded the transition from unconsciousness to consciousness directly on the brain surface. Using frequency resolved interferometry; we studied the intermediate ECoG frequencies (4-40 Hz). In the theoretical study, we used a computational Jansen and Rit neuron model to simulate recovery of consciousness (ROC). During ROC, we found that f increased by a factor equal to 1.62 ± 0.09, and δf varied by the same factor (1.61 ± 0.09) suggesting the existence of a scaling factor. We accelerated the time course of an unconscious EEG trace by an approximate factor 1.6 and we showed that the resulting EEG trace match the conscious state. Using the theoretical model, we successfully reproduced this behavior. We show that the recovery of consciousness corresponds to a transition in the frequency (f, δf) space, which is exactly reproduced by a simple time rescaling. These findings may perhaps be applied to other altered consciousness states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boussen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France.
- Aix Marseille Université, IFSTTAR, LBA UMR_T 24, 13916, Marseille, France.
| | - A Spiegler
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes - Inserm UMR1106 - Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de Médecine, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - C Benar
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes - Inserm UMR1106 - Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de Médecine, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - M Carrère
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes - Inserm UMR1106 - Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de Médecine, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - F Bartolomei
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes - Inserm UMR1106 - Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de Médecine, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Clinical Electrophysiology Department, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - P Metellus
- Neurosurgery Department, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - R Voituriez
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin-UMR 8237 CNRS Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - L Velly
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France
- Institut des Neurciences de la Timone, CNRS UMR1106 - Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de Médecine, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - N Bruder
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - A Trébuchon
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes - Inserm UMR1106 - Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté de Médecine, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Clinical Electrophysiology Department, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France
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Song JZ, Cui SY, Cui XY, Hu X, Ma YN, Ding H, Ye H, Zhang YH. Dysfunction of GABAergic neurons in the parafacial zone mediates sleep disturbances in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:127-137. [PMID: 29080930 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are prevalent among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and often precede the onset and progression of dementia. However, there are no reliable animal models for investigating sleep disturbances in patients with sporadic AD (sAD), which accounts for more than 90% of all AD cases. In the present study, we characterize the sleep/wake cycles and explore a potential mechanism underlying sleep disturbance in a rat model of sAD induced via intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (STZ). STZ-icv rats exhibited progressive decreases in slow wave sleep (SWS) during the light phase and throughout the light/dark cycle beginning from 7 days after STZ-icv. Additionally, increased wakefulness and decreased rapid-eye-movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep were observed from 14 days after STZ-icv. Beginning on day 7, STZ-icv rats exhibited significant decreases in delta (0.5-4.0 Hz) power accompanied by increased power in the beta (12-30 Hz) and low gamma bands (30-50 Hz) during NREM sleep, resembling deficits in sleep quality observed in patients with AD. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a significant reduction in the ratio of c-Fos-positive GABAergic neurons in the parafacial zone (PZ) beginning from day 7 after STZ-icv. These results suggest that the STZ-icv rat model is useful for evaluating sleep disturbances associated with AD, and implicate the dysregulation of GABAergic neuronal activity in the PZ is associated with sleep disturbance induced by STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhi Song
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Su-Ying Cui
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Cui
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu-Nu Ma
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yong-He Zhang
- Department of pharmacology, Peking University, School of Basic Medical Science, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Abstract
Prior to the 21st century, genetic mechanisms that regulate sleep were largely unknown. In 1998, de Lecea et al. [1] (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1998; 95:322-327) and Sakurai et al. [2] (Cell 1998; 92: 573-585) reported the discovery of a gene they named hypocretin and orexin, respectively, which led to a revolution in our understanding of genetic and neuronal mechanisms that regulate sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Prober
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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Qi R, Li J, Wu X, Geng X, Chen N, Yu H. Effects of Ketamine on Basal Gamma Band Oscillation and Sensory Gating in Prefrontal Cortex of Awake Rats. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:457-464. [PMID: 29380249 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma band oscillation (GBO) and sensory gating (SG) are associated with many cognitive functions. Ketamine induces deficits of GBO and SG in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the time-courses of the effects of different doses of ketamine on GBO power and SG are poorly understood. Studies have indicated that GBO power and SG have a common substrate for their generation and abnormalities. In this study, we found that (1) ketamine administration increased GBO power in the PFC in rats differently in the low- and high-dose groups; (2) auditory SG was significantly lower than baseline in the 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups, but not in the 15 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg groups; and (3) changes in SG and basal GBO power were significantly correlated in awake rats. These results indicate a relationship between mechanisms underlying auditory SG and GBO power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renli Qi
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Xujun Wu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Geng
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Nanhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
| | - Hualin Yu
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
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Vande Voort JL, Ballard ED, Luckenbaugh DA, Bernert RA, Richards EM, Niciu MJ, Park LT, Machado-Vieira R, Duncan WC, Zarate CA. Antisuicidal Response Following Ketamine Infusion Is Associated With Decreased Nighttime Wakefulness in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2017; 78:1068-1074. [PMID: 27929610 PMCID: PMC5641476 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.15m10440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insomnia and disrupted sleep are associated with increased risk of suicide. The N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist ketamine has been associated with reduced suicidal thoughts, but the mechanism of action is unknown. This study sought to evaluate differences in nocturnal wakefulness in depressed individuals who did and did not have an antisuicidal response to ketamine. METHODS Thirty-four participants with baseline suicidal ideation diagnosed with either DSM-IV major depressive disorder (n = 23) or bipolar depression (n = 11) between 2006 and 2013 completed nighttime electroencephalography (EEG) the night before and the night after a single ketamine infusion (0.5 mg/kg over 40 minutes). Suicidal ideation was assessed at baseline and the morning after ketamine infusion via several measures, including the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale suicide item, the suicide item of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and the first 5 items of the Scale for Suicide Ideation. A generalized linear mixed model evaluated differences in nocturnal wakefulness, as verified by EEG, between those who had an antisuicidal response to ketamine and those who did not, controlling for baseline nocturnal wakefulness. Results were also compared to the sleep of healthy controls (n = 22). RESULTS After analyses adjusted for baseline sleep, participants with an antisuicidal response to ketamine showed significantly reduced nocturnal wakefulness the night after ketamine infusion compared to those without an antisuicidal response (F₁,₂₂ = 5.04, P = .04). Level of nocturnal wakefulness after antisuicidal response to ketamine did not differ significantly from nocturnal wakefulness in the control sample but did differ at a trend level (F₁,₄₀ = 3.15, P = .08). CONCLUSIONS Reductions in wakefulness following ketamine may point to a biological mechanism underlying the effect of ketamine on suicidal ideation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00088699.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Vande Voort
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55902.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Ballard
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Luckenbaugh
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca A Bernert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Erica M Richards
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark J Niciu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence T Park
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wallace C Duncan
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Svetnik V, Snyder ES, Tao P, Scammell TE, Roth T, Lines C, Herring WJ. Insight Into Reduction of Wakefulness by Suvorexant in Patients With Insomnia: Analysis of Wake Bouts. Sleep 2017; 41:4587975. [PMID: 29112763 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas E Scammell
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Roth
- Henry Ford Hospital Sleep Center, Detroit, MI
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Ahnaou A, Huysmans H, Biermans R, Manyakov NV, Drinkenburg WHIM. Ketamine: differential neurophysiological dynamics in functional networks in the rat brain. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1237. [PMID: 28926001 PMCID: PMC5639243 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine has emerged as a fast-onset mechanism to achieve antidepressant activity, whereas its psychomimetic, dissociative and amnestic effects have been well documented to pharmacologically model schizophrenia features in rodents. Sleep-wake architecture, neuronal oscillations and network connectivity are key mechanisms supporting brain plasticity and cognition, which are disrupted in mood disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. In rats, we investigated the dynamic effects of acute and chronic subcutaneous administration of ketamine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg kg-1) on sleep-wake cycle, multichannels network interactions assessed by coherence and phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling, locomotor activity (LMA), cognitive information processing as reflected by the mismatch negativity-like (MMN) component of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Acute ketamine elicited a short, lasting inhibition of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, increased coherence in higher gamma frequency oscillations independent of LMA, altered theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling, increased MMN peak-amplitude response and evoked higher gamma oscillations. In contrast, chronic ketamine reduced large-scale communication among cortical regions by decreasing oscillations and coherent activity in the gamma frequency range, shifted networks activity towards slow alpha rhythm, decreased MMN peak response and enhanced aberrant higher gamma neuronal network oscillations. Altogether, our data show that acute and chronic ketamine elicited differential changes in network connectivity, ERPs and event-related oscillations (EROs), supporting possible underlying alterations in NMDAR-GABAergic signaling. The findings underscore the relevance of intermittent dosing of ketamine to accurately maintain the functional integrity of neuronal networks for long-term plastic changes and therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahnaou
- Department of Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - H Huysmans
- Department of Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - R Biermans
- Department of Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - N V Manyakov
- Department of Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - W H I M Drinkenburg
- Department of Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
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45
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Gerstner JR, Lenz O, Vanderheyden WM, Chan MT, Pfeiffenberger C, Pack AI. Amyloid-β induces sleep fragmentation that is rescued by fatty acid binding proteins in Drosophila. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:1548-1564. [PMID: 27320125 PMCID: PMC5167666 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of sleep/wake activity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients significantly affects their quality of life and that of their caretakers and is a major contributing factor for institutionalization. Levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) have been shown to be regulated by neuronal activity and to correlate with the sleep/wake cycle. Whether consolidated sleep can be disrupted by Aβ alone is not well understood. We hypothesize that Aβ42 can increase wakefulness and disrupt consolidated sleep. Here we report that flies expressing the human Aβ42 transgene in neurons have significantly reduced consolidated sleep compared with control flies. Fatty acid binding proteins (Fabp) are small hydrophobic ligand carriers that have been clinically implicated in AD. Aβ42 flies that carry a transgene of either the Drosophila Fabp or the mammalian brain-type Fabp show a significant increase in nighttime sleep and long consolidated sleep bouts, rescuing the Aβ42-induced sleep disruption. These studies suggest that alterations in Fabp levels and/or activity may be associated with sleep disturbances in AD. Future work to determine the molecular mechanisms that contribute to Fabp-mediated rescue of Aβ42-induced sleep loss will be important for the development of therapeutics in the treatment of AD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Gerstner
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Washington State University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, WA
| | - Olivia Lenz
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - William M. Vanderheyden
- Washington State University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Spokane, WA
| | - May T. Chan
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Cory Pfeiffenberger
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Allan I. Pack
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Papouin T, Dunphy JM, Tolman M, Dineley KT, Haydon PG. Septal Cholinergic Neuromodulation Tunes the Astrocyte-Dependent Gating of Hippocampal NMDA Receptors to Wakefulness. Neuron 2017; 94:840-854.e7. [PMID: 28479102 PMCID: PMC5484087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is controlled by a glutamate-binding site and a distinct, independently regulated, co-agonist-binding site. In most brain regions, the NMDAR co-agonist is the astrocyte-derived gliotransmitter D-serine. We found that D-serine levels oscillate in mouse hippocampus as a function of wakefulness, in vitro and in vivo. This causes a full saturation of the NMDAR co-agonist site in the dark (active) phase that dissipates to sub-saturating levels during the light (sleep) phase, and influences learning performance throughout the day. We demonstrate that hippocampal astrocytes sense the wakefulness-dependent activity of septal cholinergic fibers through the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), whose activation drives D-serine release. We conclude that astrocytes tune the gating of synaptic NMDARs to the vigilance state and demonstrate that this is directly relevant to schizophrenia, a disorder characterized by NMDAR and cholinergic hypofunctions. Indeed, bypassing cholinergic activity with a clinically tested α7nAChR agonist successfully enhances NMDAR activation. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Papouin
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Dunphy
- Neuroscience Program, Tufts Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Michaela Tolman
- Neuroscience Program, Tufts Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Kelly T Dineley
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Philip G Haydon
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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47
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Langer TM, Neumueller SE, Crumley E, Burgraff NJ, Talwar S, Hodges MR, Pan L, Forster HV. Effects on breathing of agonists to μ-opioid or GABA A receptors dialyzed into the ventral respiratory column of awake and sleeping goats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 239:10-25. [PMID: 28137700 PMCID: PMC5996971 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary ventilation (V̇I) in awake and sleeping goats does not change when antagonists to several excitatory G protein-coupled receptors are dialyzed unilaterally into the ventral respiratory column (VRC). Concomitant changes in excitatory neuromodulators in the effluent mock cerebral spinal fluid (mCSF) suggest neuromodulatory compensation. Herein, we studied neuromodulatory compensation during dialysis of agonists to inhibitory G protein-coupled or ionotropic receptors into the VRC. Microtubules were implanted into the VRC of goats for dialysis of mCSF mixed with agonists to either μ-opioid (DAMGO) or GABAA (muscimol) receptors. We found: (1) V̇I decreased during unilateral but increased during bilateral dialysis of DAMGO, (2) dialyses of DAMGO destabilized breathing, (3) unilateral dialysis of muscimol increased V̇I, and (4) dialysis of DAMGO decreased GABA in the effluent mCSF. We conclude: (1) neuromodulatory compensation can occur during altered inhibitory neuromodulator receptor activity, and (2) the mechanism of compensation differs between G protein-coupled excitatory and inhibitory receptors and between G protein-coupled and inotropic inhibitory receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Langer
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Suzanne E Neumueller
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Emma Crumley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Nicholas J Burgraff
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Sawan Talwar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Matthew R Hodges
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Lawrence Pan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Hubert V Forster
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
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48
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Ruoff C, Bogan RK, Emsellem H, Feldman N, Lankford A, Bream G, Khayrallah M, Lu Y, Carter LP, Black J. Evaluation of the effect of JZP-110 in patients with narcolepsy assessed using the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test censored to 20 minutes. Sleep Med 2017; 35:12-16. [PMID: 28619176 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of JZP-110 on the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) with data censored to include only the first 20 min of a 40-min MWT. METHODS In a 4-week, placebo-controlled crossover design (Study 201; N = 33) and a 12-week parallel-group design (Study 202; N = 93), JZP-110 was evaluated in narcolepsy patients using changes from baseline in the 40-min MWT as the primary endpoint. Effect sizes based on the change from baseline in mean MWT sleep latency were calculated using 20-min censored MWT data and compared to 40-min MWT data. RESULTS In Study 201, mean (standard deviation) changes in MWT sleep latency were 12.7 (10.6) min with JZP-110 versus 0.9 (6.0) min with placebo (P = 0.0002) for 40-min data, and 8.9 (6.3) versus 0.4 (4.6) min for 20-min censored data (P < 0.0001). In Study 202, mean changes in MWT sleep latency were 12.8 (10.3) min with JZP-110 versus 2.1 (7.9) min with placebo (P < 0.0001) for 40-min data, and 8.9 (5.5) versus 1.1 (5.6) min for 20-min censored data (P < 0.0001). In Studies 201 and 202, respectively, Cohen's d effect sizes were large and numerically greater for 20-min censored data (1.54 and 1.41) versus 40-min data (1.37 and 1.17). CONCLUSIONS In patients with narcolepsy, JZP-110 significantly improved the ability to stay awake compared with placebo, with large effect sizes using both the 40-min and 20-min censored MWT data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Ruoff
- Stanford Sleep Medicine Center, Redwood City, CA, USA.
| | | | - Helen Emsellem
- The Center for Sleep & Wake Disorders, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Neil Feldman
- Clinical Research Group of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | | | - Gary Bream
- Aerial BioPharma, LLC, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | | | - Yuan Lu
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence P Carter
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA, USA; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jed Black
- Stanford Sleep Medicine Center, Redwood City, CA, USA; Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Taranto-Montemurro L, Sands SA, Edwards BA, Azarbarzin A, Marques M, de Melo C, Eckert DJ, White DP, Wellman A. Effects of Tiagabine on Slow Wave Sleep and Arousal Threshold in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sleep 2017; 40:2667756. [PMID: 28364504 PMCID: PMC6084757 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsw047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity is markedly reduced during slow-wave sleep (SWS) even in patients with a severe disease. The reason for this improvement is uncertain but likely relates to non-anatomical factors (i.e. reduced arousability, chemosensitivity, and increased dilator muscle activity). The anticonvulsant tiagabine produces a dose-dependent increase in SWS in subjects without OSA. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that tiagabine would reduce OSA severity by raising the overall arousal threshold during sleep. Aims and Methods After a baseline physiology night to assess patients' OSA phenotypic traits, a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial of tiagabine 12 mg administered before sleep was performed in 14 OSA patients. Under each condition, we assessed the effects on sleep and OSA severity using standard clinical polysomnography. Results Tiagabine increased slow-wave activity (SWA) of the electroencephalogram (1-4 Hz) compared to placebo (1.8 [0.4] vs. 2.0 [0.5] LogμV2, p = .04) but did not reduce OSA severity (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] 41.5 [20.3] vs. 39.1 [16.5], p > .5). SWS duration (25 [20] vs. 26 [43] mins, p > .5) and arousal threshold (-26.5 [5.0] vs. -27.6 [5.1] cmH2O, p = .26) were also unchanged between nights. Conclusions Tiagabine modified sleep microstructure (increase in SWA) but did not change the duration of SWS, OSA severity, or arousal threshold in this group of OSA patients. Based on these findings, tiagabine should not be considered as a therapeutic option for OSA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Taranto-Montemurro
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Scott A Sands
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine and Central Clinical School, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Bradley A Edwards
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Sleep and Circadian Medicine Laboratory, Department of Physiology Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ali Azarbarzin
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Melania Marques
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Camila de Melo
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Danny J Eckert
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) and the University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, Australia
| | - David P White
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew Wellman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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50
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Lapid MI, Kuntz KM, Mason SS, Aakre JA, Lundt ES, Kremers W, Allen LA, Drubach DA, Boeve BF. Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Armodafinil Therapy for Hypersomnia Associated with Dementia with Lewy Bodies: A Pilot Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2017; 43:269-280. [PMID: 28448998 PMCID: PMC5503747 DOI: 10.1159/000471507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hypersomnia is common in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We assessed the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of armodafinil for hypersomnia associated with DLB. METHODS We performed a 12-week pilot trial of armodafinil therapy (125-250 mg orally daily) in DLB outpatients with hypersomnia. The patients underwent neurologic examinations, a neuropsychological battery, laboratory testing, electrocardiography, and polysomnography. Efficacy was assessed at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Safety assessment included laboratory examinations, QTc interval, and heart rate. Tolerability was assessed by analysis of adverse events. Data were analyzed using the last-observation-carried-forward method. RESULTS Of 20 participants, 17 completed the protocol. The median age was 72 years, most of the participants were men (80%), and most had spouses as caregivers. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (p < 0.001), Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (p = 0.003), and Clinical Global Impression of Change (p < 0.001) scores improved at week 12. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory total score (p = 0.003), visual hallucinations (p = 0.003), and agitation (p = 0.02) improved at week 4. Caregiver overall quality of life improved at week 12 (p = 0.004). No adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION These pilot data suggest improvements in hypersomnia and wakefulness and reasonable safety and tolerability of armodafinil therapy in hypersomnolent patients with DLB. Our findings inform the use of pharmacologic strategies for managing hypersomnolence in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Lapid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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