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Kong YY, Feige U, Sarosi I, Bolon B, Tafuri A, Morony S, Capparelli C, Li J, Elliott R, McCabe S, Wong T, Campagnuolo G, Moran E, Bogoch ER, Van G, Nguyen LT, Ohashi PS, Lacey DL, Fish E, Boyle WJ, Penninger JM. Activated T cells regulate bone loss and joint destruction in adjuvant arthritis through osteoprotegerin ligand. Nature 1999; 402:304-9. [PMID: 10580503 DOI: 10.1038/46303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1281] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodelling and bone loss are controlled by a balance between the tumour necrosis factor family molecule osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL) and its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG). In addition, OPGL regulates lymph node organogenesis, lymphocyte development and interactions between T cells and dendritic cells in the immune system. The OPGL receptor, RANK, is expressed on chondrocytes, osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts. OPGL expression in T cells is induced by antigen receptor engagement, which suggests that activated T cells may influence bone metabolism through OPGL and RANK. Here we report that activated T cells can directly trigger osteoclastogenesis through OPGL. Systemic activation of T cells in vivo leads to an OPGL-mediated increase in osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. In a T-cell-dependent model of rat adjuvant arthritis characterized by severe joint inflammation, bone and cartilage destruction and crippling, blocking of OPGL through osteoprotegerin treatment at the onset of disease prevents bone and cartilage destruction but not inflammation. These results show that both systemic and local T-cell activation can lead to OPGL production and subsequent bone loss, and they provide a novel paradigm for T cells as regulators of bone physiology.
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Murakami M, Nguyen LT, Zhuang ZW, Zhang ZW, Moodie KL, Carmeliet P, Stan RV, Simons M. The FGF system has a key role in regulating vascular integrity. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:3355-66. [PMID: 18776942 DOI: 10.1172/jci35298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the endothelial monolayer is essential to blood vessel homeostasis and active regulation of endothelial permeability. The FGF system plays important roles in a wide variety of physiologic and pathologic conditions; however, its role in the adult vasculature has not been defined. To assess the role of the FGF system in the adult endothelial monolayer, we disrupted FGF signaling in bovine aortic endothelial cells and human saphenous vein endothelial cells in vitro and in adult mouse and rat endothelial cells in vivo using soluble FGF traps or a dominant inhibitor of all FGF receptors. The inhibition of FGF signaling using these approaches resulted in dissociation of the VE-cadherin/p120-catenin complex and disassembly of adherens and tight junctions, which progressed to loss of endothelial cells, severe impairment of the endothelial barrier function, and finally, disintegration of the vasculature. Thus, FGF signaling plays a key role in the maintenance of vascular integrity.
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The management of lymphangioma in children is challenging because complete resection is difficult to achieve in some cases, and recurrences are common. The authors reviewed their experience to assess the risk factors for recurrence and the role of nonoperative treatment. METHODS A retrospective study over a period of 25 years was carried out. One hundred eighty-six patients with 191 lesions (five patients with de novo lesions in different sites) were treated. There were 98 boys and 88 girls. The average age at diagnosis was 3.3 years (range, fetal life to 17 years) and the average size 8 cm in diameter. Histocytological confirmation was obtained in all patients. The involved sites were head and neck, 89 patients (48%); trunk and extremities, 78 patients (42%); internal or visceral locations (eg, abdominal and thorax), 19 patients (10%). The treatment consisted of macroscopically complete excision in 145 patients (150 lesions, of which five were recurrences in different sites), partial excision in 10 patients, aspiration in five patients, laser excision in 10 patients, biopsy only in four patients, drainage and biopsy in two patients, and injection of sclerosing agents in 10 patients. RESULTS There were 54 recurrences; 44 underwent excision (five of them more than once), and five regressed spontaneously on follow-up. Five other recurrences were stable and not progressing. Recurrences, (defined as clinically obvious disease), were found to be 100% after aspiration, 100% after injection, 40% after incomplete excision, 40% after laser excision, and 17% after macroscopically complete excision. The recurrence rate in the last group was the highest in the head (33%), the least in the internal locations (0%), and intermediate for the cervical location (13%). There were no significant differences, in terms of outcome, between those who had their surgery immediately at the time of diagnosis (n = 101) and those who had delayed surgery (n = 85). CONCLUSIONS There were fewer recurrences after macroscopically complete excision. Aspiration and injection had the highest recurrence rate. Risk factors for recurrence included location, size, and complexity of lesions. A period of observation may be useful for infants to facilitate complete excision. In the present series, spontaneous regression was infrequent and was seen more often with recurrent lesions.
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Nakada C, Matsuura K, Tsukamoto Y, Tanigawa M, Yoshimoto T, Narimatsu T, Nguyen LT, Hijiya N, Uchida T, Sato F, Mimata H, Seto M, Moriyama M. Genome-wide microRNA expression profiling in renal cell carcinoma: significant down-regulation of miR-141 and miR-200c. J Pathol 2008; 216:418-27. [PMID: 18925646 DOI: 10.1002/path.2437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We investigated expression profiles of microRNA (miRNA) in renal cell carcinoma [clear cell carcinomas (CCC) and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (ChCC)] and in normal kidneys by using a miRNA microarray platform which covers a total of 470 human miRNAs (Sanger miRBase release 9.1). Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that CCC and ChCC were separable and that no subgroups were identified in CCCs. We found that 43 miRNAs were differentially expressed between CCC and normal kidney, of which 37 were significantly down-regulated in CCC and the other 6 were up-regulated. We also found that 57 miRNAs were differentially expressed between ChCC and normal kidney, of which 51 were significantly down-regulated in ChCC and the other 6 were up-regulated. Together, these observations indicate that expression of miRNAs tends to be down-regulated in both CCC and ChCC compared with normal kidney. We observed that miR-141 and miR-200c were the most significantly down-regulated miRNAs in CCCs. Indeed, in all cases of CCC analysed, both miR-141 and miR-200c were down-regulated in comparison with normal kidney. Microarray data and quantitative RT-PCR showed that these two miRNAs were expressed concordantly. TargetScan algorithm revealed that ZFHX1B mRNA is a hypothetical target of both miR-141 and -200c. We established by quantitative RT-PCR that, in CCCs in which miR-141 and miR-200c were down-regulated, ZFHX1B, a transcriptional repressor for CDH1/E-cadherin, tended to be up-regulated. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of miR-141 and miR-200c caused down-regulation of ZFHX1B and up-regulation of E-cadherin in two renal carcinoma cell lines, ACHN and 786-O. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that down-regulation of miR-141 and miR-200c in CCCs might be involved in suppression of CDH1/E-cadherin transcription via up-regulation of ZFHX1B.
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Puligandla PS, Nguyen LT, St-Vil D, Flageole H, Bensoussan AL, Nguyen VH, Laberge JM. Gastrointestinal duplications. J Pediatr Surg 2003; 38:740-4. [PMID: 12720184 DOI: 10.1016/jpsu.2003.50197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The aim of this study was to review the presentations of gastrointestinal duplication (GID) and to assess the influence of prenatal diagnosis on treatment. METHODS Retrospective review of all GID at 2 pediatric hospitals from 1980-2002 was conducted. RESULTS Seventy-three patients (M43:F30) were identified: 21 neonates, 28 infants (1 to 24 months), 15 children (1 to 10 years), 9 adolescents (>/=11 years). GID location by frequency was ileum (31.5%), ileocaecal valve (30.2%), duodenum (9.6%), stomach (8.2%), jejunum (8.2%), colon (6.8%), and rectum (5.5%). In neonates and infants, vomiting and distension were the most common presentations. Volvulus, caused by a duplication, occurred in 23.8% of neonates and caused the death of one neonate. Intussusception was identified in 10.9% of patients. In older children and adolescents, pain and vomiting were the most common associations. Six of these patients were being treated for Crohn's disease, with the diagnosis of duplication made at laparotomy. Eighteen patients had a prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound scan, with 77.2% of these asymptomatic after birth. Most prenatal diagnoses occurred after 1991 (77.8%). When comparing an earlier period (1980 to 1991; 29 patients) with the current (1992 to 2002; 44 patients), a greater proportion of the latter patients were asymptomatic (36.4 v 13.8%) and had a lower incidence of complications (volvulus/intussusception). CONCLUSIONS GID can lead to life-threatening complications. Prenatal diagnosis should lead to expeditious postnatal investigation and treatment before the onset of symptoms or complications. GID in older children can mimic Crohn's disease. Laparoscopy/laparotomy should be considered in patients with atypical Crohn's disease or when the diagnosis of an intraabdominal mass is unclear.
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Murakami M, Nguyen LT, Hatanaka K, Schachterle W, Chen PY, Zhuang ZW, Black BL, Simons M. FGF-dependent regulation of VEGF receptor 2 expression in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:2668-78. [PMID: 21633168 DOI: 10.1172/jci44762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested a link between the angiogenic FGF and VEGF signaling pathways; however, the nature of this link has not been established. To evaluate this relationship, we investigated VEGF signaling in ECs with disrupted FGF signaling in vitro and in vivo. ECs lacking FGF signaling became unresponsive to VEGF, caused by downregulation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression after reduced Vegfr2 enhancer activation. FGF mediated VEGFR2 expression via activation of Erk1/2. Transcriptional analysis revealed that Ets transcription factors controlled VEGFR2 expression in an FGF- and Erk1/2-dependent manner. Mice with defective FGF signaling exhibited loss of vascular integrity and reduced vascular morphogenesis. Thus, basal FGF stimulation of the endothelium is required for maintenance of VEGFR2 expression and the ability to respond to VEGF stimulation and accounts for the hierarchic control of vascular formation by FGFs and VEGF.
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
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Nakamura M, Tohya Y, Miyazawa T, Mochizuki M, Phung HTT, Nguyen NH, Huynh LMT, Nguyen LT, Nguyen PN, Nguyen PV, Nguyen NPT, Akashi H. A novel antigenic variant of Canine parvovirus from a Vietnamese dog. Arch Virol 2004; 149:2261-9. [PMID: 15503211 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-004-0367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 04/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nine isolates of Canine parvovirus (CPV) were obtained from Vietnamese dogs and cats. One canine isolate showed a unique antigenic property which indicates a novel antigenic variant of CPV-2b when examined with hemagglutination inhibition tests using our monoclonal antibodies, 21C3 and 19D7, which were recently developed. This isolate had an amino acid substitution of residue 426, Asp to Glu, and the same substitution has recently been found in CPV from Italian dogs. This study first showed that such substitution caused an antigenic difference demonstrable by monoclonal antibodies and that a similar evolution may have occurred in CPV in Vietnam.
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Thompson AA, Nguyen LT. Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia and radio-ulnar synostosis are associated with HOXA11 mutation. Nat Genet 2000; 26:397-8. [PMID: 11101832 DOI: 10.1038/82511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Garren H, Ruiz PJ, Watkins TA, Fontoura P, Nguyen LT, Estline ER, Hirschberg DL, Steinman L. Combination of gene delivery and DNA vaccination to protect from and reverse Th1 autoimmune disease via deviation to the Th2 pathway. Immunity 2001; 15:15-22. [PMID: 11485734 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Using a combination of local gene delivery and tolerizing DNA vaccination, we demonstrate that codelivery of the interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene and a DNA vaccine encoding the self-peptide proteolipid protein 139-151 (PLP139-151) provides protective immunity against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We provide evidence for a mechanism whereby IL-4 expressed from the naked DNA is secreted and acts locally on autoreactive T cells via activation of STAT6 to shift their cytokine profile to T helper 2. We also show that DNA vaccines can be used to reverse established EAE by covaccination with the genes for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and IL-4. This treatment strategy combines the antigen-specific effects of DNA vaccination and the beneficial effects of local gene delivery.
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Nguyen LT, Duncan GS, Mirtsos C, Ng M, Speiser DE, Shahinian A, Marino MW, Mak TW, Ohashi PS, Yeh WC. TRAF2 deficiency results in hyperactivity of certain TNFR1 signals and impairment of CD40-mediated responses. Immunity 1999; 11:379-89. [PMID: 10514016 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) can interact with various members of the TNF receptor family. Previously, we reported that TRAF2-deficient mice die prematurely and have elevated serum TNF levels. In this study, we demonstrate that TRAF2-deficient macrophages produce increased amounts of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF in response to TNF stimulation. Furthermore, we could enhance the survival of TRAF2-deficient mice by eliminating either TNF or TNFR1. Using these double-knockout mice, we show that in the absence of TRAF2, the T helper-dependent antibody response, CD40-mediated proliferation, and NF-kappaB activation are defective. These data demonstrate two important roles of TRAF2, one as a negative regulator of certain TNFR1 signals and the other as a positive mediator of CD40 signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- CD40 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Division
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Immunoglobulin Class Switching
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes
- Interleukin-12/biosynthesis
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/cytology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
- Phenotype
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Signal Transduction
- Spleen/cytology
- TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus
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Masoud ST, Vecchio LM, Bergeron Y, Hossain MM, Nguyen LT, Bermejo MK, Kile B, Sotnikova TD, Siesser WB, Gainetdinov RR, Wightman RM, Caron MG, Richardson JR, Miller GW, Ramsey AJ, Cyr M, Salahpour A. Increased expression of the dopamine transporter leads to loss of dopamine neurons, oxidative stress and l-DOPA reversible motor deficits. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 74:66-75. [PMID: 25447236 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter is a key protein responsible for regulating dopamine homeostasis. Its function is to transport dopamine from the extracellular space into the presynaptic neuron. Studies have suggested that accumulation of dopamine in the cytosol can trigger oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Previously, ectopic expression of the dopamine transporter was shown to cause damage in non-dopaminergic neurons due to their inability to handle cytosolic dopamine. However, it is unknown whether increasing dopamine transporter activity will be detrimental to dopamine neurons that are inherently capable of storing and degrading dopamine. To address this issue, we characterized transgenic mice that over-express the dopamine transporter selectively in dopamine neurons. We report that dopamine transporter over-expressing (DAT-tg) mice display spontaneous loss of midbrain dopamine neurons that is accompanied by increases in oxidative stress markers, 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine and 5-S-cysteinyl-DOPAC. In addition, metabolite-to-dopamine ratios are increased and VMAT2 protein expression is decreased in the striatum of these animals. Furthermore, DAT-tg mice also show fine motor deficits on challenging beam traversal that are reversed with l-DOPA treatment. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that even in neurons that routinely handle dopamine, increased uptake of this neurotransmitter through the dopamine transporter results in oxidative damage, neuronal loss and l-DOPA reversible motor deficits. In addition, DAT over-expressing animals are highly sensitive to MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. The effects of increased dopamine uptake in these transgenic mice could shed light on the unique vulnerability of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
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Srinivasan V, Nam HM, Nguyen LT, Tamilselvam B, Murinda SE, Oliver SP. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes inListeria monocytogenesIsolated from Dairy Farms. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2005; 2:201-11. [PMID: 16156701 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes (n = 38) isolated from the four dairy farms to 15 antimicrobial agents was evaluated. All 38 L. monocytogenes isolates from the four farms evaluated were resistant to more than one antimicrobial in different combinations. All L. monocytogenes isolates evaluated were resistant to cephalosporin C (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] > or = 512 microg/mL), streptomycin (MIC > or = 32) and trimethoprim (MIC > or = 512). Most L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to ampicillin (92%, MIC > or = 2), rifampicin (84%, MIC > or = 4), rifamycin (84%, MIC > or = 4), and florfenicol (66%, MIC > or = 32) and some were resistant to tetracycline (45%, MIC > or = 16), penicillin G (40%, MIC > or = 2) and chloramphenicol (32%, MIC > or = 32). All L. monocytogenes isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin and vancomycin. Susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to the antimicrobials evaluated was quite consistent among the dairy farms evaluated. However, some variability in antimicrobial susceptibility among dairy farms was noted. Nineteen of 38 L. monocytogenes isolates contained more than one antimicrobial resistance gene sequence. A high frequency of floR (66%) was found in L. monocytogenes followed by penA (37%), strA (34%), tetA (32%), and sulI (16%). Other tetracycline resistance genes (tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE, and tetG) and other antimicrobial resistance genes (cmlA, strB, aadA, sulI, vanA, vanB, ampC, ermB, ereA, and ereB) were not found in any of the L. monocytogenes isolates from the four dairy farms. Results of the present study demonstrated that L. monocytogenes isolated from the dairy farm environment were resistant to many antimicrobials and contained one or more antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Folcher M, Gaillard H, Nguyen LT, Nguyen KT, Lacroix P, Bamas-Jacques N, Rinkel M, Thompson CJ. Pleiotropic functions of a Streptomyces pristinaespiralis autoregulator receptor in development, antibiotic biosynthesis, and expression of a superoxide dismutase. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:44297-306. [PMID: 11557748 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101109200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In Streptomyces, a family of related butyrolactones and their corresponding receptor proteins serve as quorum-sensing systems that can activate morphological development and antibiotic biosynthesis. Streptomyces pristinaespiralis contains a gene cluster encoding enzymes and regulatory proteins for the biosynthesis of pristinamycin, a clinically important streptogramin antibiotic complex. One of these proteins, PapR1, belongs to a well known family of Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory proteins. Gel shift assays using crude cytoplasmic extracts detected SpbR, a developmentally regulated protein that bound to the papR1 promoter. SpbR was purified, and its gene was cloned using reverse genetics. spbR encoded a 25-kDa protein similar to Streptomyces autoregulatory proteins of the butyrolactone receptor family, including scbR from Streptomyces coelicolor. In Escherichia coli, purified SpbR and ScbR produced bound sequences immediately upstream of papR1, spbR, and scbR. SpbR DNA-binding activity was inhibited by an extracellular metabolite with chromatographic properties similar to those of the well known gamma-butyrolactone signaling compounds. DNase I protection assays mapped the SpbR-binding site in the papR1 promoter to a sequence homologous to other known butyrolactone autoregulatory elements. A nucleotide data base search showed that these binding motifs were primarily located upstream of genes encoding Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory proteins and butyrolactone receptors in various Streptomyces species. Disruption of the spbR gene in S. pristinaespiralis resulted in severe defects in growth, morphological differentiation, pristinamycin biosynthesis, and expression of a secreted superoxide dismutase.
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Tsukamoto Y, Uchida T, Karnan S, Noguchi T, Nguyen LT, Tanigawa M, Takeuchi I, Matsuura K, Hijiya N, Nakada C, Kishida T, Kawahara K, Ito H, Murakami K, Fujioka T, Seto M, Moriyama M. Genome-wide analysis of DNA copy number alterations and gene expression in gastric cancer. J Pathol 2008; 216:471-82. [PMID: 18798223 DOI: 10.1002/path.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genomic copy number aberrations (CNAs) are believed to play a major role in the development and progression of human cancers. Although many CNAs have been reported in gastric cancer, their genome-wide transcriptional consequences are poorly understood. In this study, to reveal the impact of CNAs on genome-wide expression in gastric cancer, we analysed 30 cases of gastric cancers for their CNAs by array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) and 24 of these 30 cases for their expression profiles by oligonucleotide-expression microarray. We found that with the application of laser microdissection, most CNAs were detected at higher frequency than in previous studies. Notably, gain at 20q13 was detected in almost all cases (97%), suggesting that this may play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. By comparing the array CGH data with expression profiles of the same samples, we showed that both genomic amplification and deletion strongly influence the expression of genes in altered genomic regions. Furthermore, we identified 125 candidate genes, consisting of 114 up-regulated genes located in recurrent regions (>10%) of amplification and 11 down-regulated genes located in recurrent regions of deletion. Up-regulation of several candidate genes, such as CDC6, SEC61G, ANP32E, BYSL and FDFT1, was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Interestingly, some candidate genes were localized at genomic loci adjacent to well-known genes such as EGFR, ERBB2 and SMAD4, and concordantly deregulated by genomic alterations. Based on these results, we propose that our list of candidate genes may contain novel genes involved in the pathogenesis of advanced gastric cancer.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
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Jouaville LF, Annesi-Maesano I, Nguyen LT, Bocage AS, Bedu M, Caillaud D. Interrelationships among asthma, atopy, rhinitis and exhaled nitric oxide in a population-based sample of children. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 33:1506-11. [PMID: 14616861 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) has attracted increasing interest as a non-invasive marker of airway inflammation in asthma. However, little evidence exists on the influences exerted on eNO by the interrelations among atopic status, asthma and rhinitis. METHODS Among the 1156 children who participated in a large-scale epidemiological survey on asthma and allergies (ISAAC II: International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase II) in the city of Clermont-Ferrand, 53 asthmatics without corticosteroid treatment and 96 non-asthmatics were invited to perform eNO and skin prick tests (SPTs) to 12 common allergens. RESULTS Atopic asthmatic children had higher eNO than non-atopic asthmatic children (28.9+/-9.1 vs. 17.1+/-13.1 p.p.b.; P=0.0004) with a significant increase when one SPT or more are positive (26.5+/-7.8 vs. 17.1+/-13.1 p.p.b.; P=0.03). Similarly, non-asthmatic, atopic subjects had higher eNO than non-atopic subjects with a significant increase when two SPTs or more are positive (19.4+/-9.8 vs. 11.7 +/-6.7 p.p.b.; P=0.003). In the case of equal levels of positive SPTs (0, 1, >/=2), asthmatic children always had higher eNO than non-asthmatic ones. Furthermore, among non-asthmatic children, the eNO level increased only in atopics who had rhinitis (20.7+/-13 vs. 12.5+/-6.4 p.p.b. in atopic controls (subjects without rhinitis and asthma) and 12.3+/-6.6 p.p.b. in non-atopic controls; P=0.001), whereas among asthmatic children, eNO level increased in atopics independently of rhinitis (28.2+/-9.5 p.p.b. in those with rhinitis and 30.9+/-8.1 p.p.b. in those without) as well as in non-atopics with rhinitis (22.5+/-17.2 p.p.b.). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that besides atopy and asthma, allergic rhinitis should also be taken into account in the assessment of eNO.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
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Ramanathan M, Weinstock-Guttman B, Nguyen LT, Badgett D, Miller C, Patrick K, Brownscheidle C, Jacobs L. In vivo gene expression revealed by cDNA arrays: the pattern in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients compared with normal subjects. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 116:213-9. [PMID: 11438176 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To use DNA arrays to identify differences in gene expression associated with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS. METHODS Total RNA was isolated from monocyte depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 15 RR MS patients and 15 age- and sex-matched controls. The RNA was reverse transcribed to radiolabeled cDNA and the resultant cDNA was used to probe a DNA array containing over 4000 named human genes. The binding of radiolabeled cDNA to the probes on the array was measured by phosphorimager. RESULTS Of more than 4000 genes tested, only 34 were significantly different in RR-MS patients from controls. Of these, 25 were significantly increased and 9 significantly decreased in the RR MS patients. Twelve of these genes have inflammatory and/or immunological functions that could be relevant to the MS disease process. The potentially relevant genes that were elevated (15% to 28%) were P protein, LCK, cAMP responsive element modulator, IL-7 receptor, matrix metalloproteinase-19, M130 antigen, and peptidyl-prolyl isomerase. Those that were significantly decreased (15% to 35%) were SAS transmembrane 4 superfamily protein, STRL22 (C-C chemokine receptor 6), AFX protein, DNA fragmentation factor-45 and immunoglobulin gamma 3 (Gm marker). CONCLUSIONS The RR-MS disease effect was relatively restricted and most of the mRNAs tested were not different from the normal controls. However, there were significant differences identified in the expression of a subset of mRNAs, including 13 with inflammatory/immune functions that could be relevant to MS. The systematic use of DNA arrays can provide insight into the dynamic cellular pathways involved in MS pathogenesis and its phenotypic heterogeneity.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Agglutinins/genetics
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins
- Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator
- DNA, Complementary
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/genetics
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/genetics
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Transport Proteins
- Metalloendopeptidases/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/immunology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/genetics
- Proteins/genetics
- Receptors, CCR6
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-7/genetics
- Repressor Proteins
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Weingarten TN, Flores AS, McKenzie JA, Nguyen LT, Robinson WB, Kinney TM, Siems BT, Wenzel PJ, Sarr MG, Marienau MS, Schroeder DR, Olson EJ, Morgenthaler TI, Warner DO, Sprung J. Obstructive sleep apnoea and perioperative complications in bariatric patients. Br J Anaesth 2010; 106:131-9. [PMID: 20959329 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between perioperative complications and the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in patients undergoing bariatric surgery who had undergone preoperative polysomnography (PSG). METHODS The records of 797 patients, age >18 yr, who underwent bariatric operations (442 open and 355 laparoscopic procedures) at Mayo Clinic and were assessed before operation by PSG, were reviewed retrospectively. OSA was quantified using the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) as none (≤ 4), mild (5-15), moderate (16-30), and severe (≥ 31). Pulmonary, surgical, and 'other' complications within the first 30 postoperative days were analysed according to OSA severity. Logistic regression was used to assess the multivariable association of OSA, age, sex, BMI, and surgical approach with postoperative complications. RESULTS Most patients with OSA (93%) received perioperative positive airway pressure therapy, and all patients were closely monitored after operation with pulse oximetry on either regular nursing floors or in intensive or intermediate care units. At least one postoperative complication occurred in 259 patients (33%). In a multivariable model, the overall complication rate was increased with open procedures compared with laparoscopic. In addition, increased BMI and age were associated with increased likelihood of pulmonary and other complications. Complication rates were not associated with OSA severity. CONCLUSIONS In obese patients evaluated before operation by PSG before bariatric surgery and managed accordingly, the severity of OSA, as assessed by the AHI, was not associated with the rate of perioperative complications. These results cannot determine whether unrecognized and untreated OSA increases risk.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
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Nguyen LT, Radhakrishnan S, Ciric B, Tamada K, Shin T, Pardoll DM, Chen L, Rodriguez M, Pease LR. Cross-linking the B7 family molecule B7-DC directly activates immune functions of dendritic cells. J Exp Med 2002; 196:1393-8. [PMID: 12438431 PMCID: PMC2193990 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20021466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
B7-DC molecules are known to function as ligands on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), enhancing T cell activation. In this study, cross-linking B7-DC with the monoclonal antibody sHIgM12 directly potentiates dendritic cell (DC) function by enhancing DC presentation of major histocompatibility complex-peptide complexes, promoting DC survival; and increasing secretion of interleukin (IL)-12p70, a key T helper cell type 1 promoting cytokine. Furthermore, ex vivo treatment of DCs or systemic treatment of mice with sHIgM12 increases the number of transplanted DCs that reach draining lymph nodes and increases the ability of lymph node APCs to activate naive T cells. Systemic administration of the antibody has an equivalent effect on DCs transferred at a distant site. These findings implicate B7-DC expressed on DCs in bidirectional communication. In addition to the established costimulatory and inhibitory functions associated with B7-DC, this molecule can also function as a conduit for extracellular signals to DCs modifying DC functions.
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Niimi A, Nguyen LT, Usmani O, Mann B, Chung KF. Reduced pH and chloride levels in exhaled breath condensate of patients with chronic cough. Thorax 2004; 59:608-12. [PMID: 15223872 PMCID: PMC1747079 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2003.012906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased hydrogen and reduced chloride ionic environments of the airways are conducive to the stimulation of cough. However, the constituents of the local milieu of the airways of patients with chronic cough are unknown. METHODS The pH and chloride levels in exhaled breath condensate and capsaicin cough threshold (C5) were measured in 50 patients with chronic cough and in 16 healthy controls. pH and chloride measurements were repeated after capsaicin challenge in those with cough. The cause of cough was asthma (n = 13), postnasal drip/rhinitis (n = 7), gastro-oesophageal reflux (n = 5), bronchiectasis (n = 5), but remained unidentified in 20. RESULTS Compared with controls, patients with chronic cough had lower pH (mean 7.9 v 8.3, 95% CI of difference -0.5 to -0.2, p<0.0001), chloride levels (median 4 v 6 mmol/l, 95% CI -3.1 to -0.2, p = 0.007), and C5 (median 3.9 v 125 micro M, 95% CI -270.0 to -17.6, p = 0.002). The pH levels were different in the six subgroups including controls, and were reduced in all diagnostic subgroups of patients with cough compared with controls but did not differ between them. Chloride levels were significantly different in the six subgroups but were lower than controls in only the gastro-oesophageal reflux subgroup. There was a weak but significant correlation between chloride levels and C5 when all participants were analysed together, but not between pH and C5 or chloride levels. pH and chloride levels did not change after capsaicin challenge. CONCLUSIONS The epithelial lining fluid of patients with chronic cough has a reduced pH and reduced chloride levels which could contribute to the enhanced cough reflex.
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Dorn SD, Kaptchuk TJ, Park JB, Nguyen LT, Canenguez K, Nam BH, Woods KB, Conboy LA, Stason WB, Lembo AJ. A meta-analysis of the placebo response in complementary and alternative medicine trials of irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2007; 19:630-7. [PMID: 17640177 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.00937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Among patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) enrolled in clinical trials of conventional medical therapy, the placebo response rate is high. IBS patients also frequently use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which may act through an 'enhanced placebo effect'. The purpose of this study was to estimate the magnitude of the placebo response rate in CAM trials for IBS and to identify factors that influence this response. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials of CAM therapies for IBS identified from MEDLINE/EMBASE/PsychLIT databases from 1970 to 2006. Placebo and active treatment response rates for global symptom improvement were assessed. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled estimate of the placebo response rate was 42.6% (95% confidence interval, 38.0-46.5%). Significant heterogeneity existed across trials (range 15.0-72.2%, P < 0.00001). Higher placebo response rates correlated with a longer duration of treatment (r = 0.455, P = 0.05) and a greater number of office visits (r = 0.633, P = 0.03). Among IBS patients in CAM trials, the placebo response rate is high. That this rate is similar in magnitude to that seen in conventional medicine trials suggests that the placebo response is independent of the type of therapy used and that it is not particularly 'enhanced' in CAM trials.
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Neilson IR, Laberge JM, Nguyen LT, Moir C, Doody D, Sonnino RE, Youssef S, Guttman FM. Appendicitis in children: current therapeutic recommendations. J Pediatr Surg 1990; 25:1113-6. [PMID: 2273422 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3468(90)90742-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wound infection is the most common source of morbidity in appendicitis. Most recent pediatric series use protocols of preoperative antibiotics with aerobic and anaerobic coverage, intraoperative lavage, no peritoneal or wound drains, and continuation of antibiotics postoperatively with complicated appendicitis. There still remains controversy concerning skin closure and the duration of antibiotic therapy. We report the results of a prospective protocol followed over 2 years with 420 children. The protocol was designed to determine whether the skin could be closed primarily in all patients undergoing appendectomy. Preoperatively all patients received triple antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamicin, and clindamycin) that were continued postoperatively for two doses if there was a normal appendix or simple acute appendicitis, for at least 3 days with gangrenous appendicitis, and at least 5 days with perforated appendicitis. Antibiotics were continued if the patient remained febrile or had a white count greater than 10,000. No drains were used and the skin was closed primarily. The overall infectious complication rate was 1.0% (4/420). Among those with a normal appendix or simple acute appendicitis there were no infectious complications. Among those with gangrenous or perforated appendicitis there were 1.7% wound infections (2/117) and 1.7% intraabdominal abscesses (2/117). Duration of hospitalization was 2.1 days (range, 1 to 5 days) after simple acute appendicitis and 6.9 days (range, 3 to 40 days) after gangrenous or perforated appendicitis. These results set new standards in terms of wound management, infectious complications, and length of hospital stay.
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Chan WK, Nguyen LT, Miller VP, Harris RZ. Mechanism-based inactivation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 by grapefruit juice and red wine. Life Sci 1998; 62:PL135-42. [PMID: 9496718 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Grapefruit juice is well documented to cause clinically significant increases in the plasma concentrations of many therapeutic agents. These interactions are believed to be mediated via inhibition of intestinal cytochrome P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4) by flavonoids and/or other chemicals in grapefruit juice, although the mechanism of that inhibition has not been fully characterized. Like grapefruit juice, red wine contains large amounts of flavonoids and other xenobiotics which could also mediate CYP3A4 inhibition. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of inhibition of CYP3A4 by grapefruit juice and also examined the ability of red wine to inhibit this enzyme. Both red wine and grapefruit juice potently inhibited CYP3A4 activity in a concentration-dependent manner. At 8% of natural strength, enzyme activity was inhibited almost 90 and 84%, respectively, by grapefruit juice and red wine. In contrast, white wine did not appreciably inhibit CYP3A4 activity. Grapefruit juice irreversibly inactivated CYP3A4 in a time- and NADPH-dependent manner. The rate of inactivation mediated by grapefruit juice was similar to that mediated by troleandomycin, a potent mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP3A4. Red wine also inactivated CYP3A4 but at a rate approximately 16% that of grapefruit juice. Inhibition of CYP3A4 by red wine is primarily reversible in nature. The clinical implications of this research are discussed.
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Murinda SE, Nguyen LT, Ivey SJ, Gillespie BE, Almeida RA, Draughon FA, Oliver SP. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bulk tank milk and fecal samples from cull cows: a 12-month survey of dairy farms in east Tennessee. J Food Prot 2002; 65:752-9. [PMID: 12030284 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-65.5.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A study on the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was conducted on 30 dairy farms in east Tennessee between May 2000 and April 2001. This pathogen was isolated from 8 of 30 (26.7%) dairy farms at various sampling times. A total of 415 fecal samples from cull dairy cows and 268 bulk tank milk samples were analyzed. Overall, 10 of 683 (1.46%) samples (2 of 268 [0.75%] milk samples and 8 of 415 [1.93%] fecal samples) tested positive for E. coli O157:H7. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual protocols were used for the conventional isolation and confirmation of E. coli O157:H7. Samples were shake cultured (150 rpm) at 42 degrees C for 24 h in tryptic soy broth containing 2 mg of novobiocin per liter. White colonies isolated on cefixime-tellurite sorbitol MacConkey agar plates were evaluated for fluorescence on sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with 0.025 g of methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide per liter. Nonfluorescing white colonies were biochemically typed and serologically confirmed. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction profiles of E. coli O157:H7 isolates indicated the presence of common virulence factors (Shiga toxin, enterohemolysin, and intimin) of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, suggesting the potential human pathogenicity of bacterial isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of SpeI and XbaI restriction enzyme-digested genomic DNA were used to establish relatedness among bacterial isolates. Data from this study indicate that both cull dairy cows and bulk tank milk pose a potential hazard with regard to human foodborne illness. It is therefore imperative to develop on-farm and preharvest pathogen reduction programs to control the carriage of E. coli O157:H7 pathogens.
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Nguyen LT, McKall-Faienza K, Zakarian A, Speiser DE, Mak TW, Ohashi PS. TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and CD95 are not required for T cell deletion after virus infection but contribute to peptide-induced deletion under limited conditions. Eur J Immunol 2000; 30:683-8. [PMID: 10671227 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200002)30:2<683::aid-immu683>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of mature T cells maintains cellular homeostasis and is involved in the maintenance of self tolerance to some peripheral self antigens. Previous studies have presented conflicting evidence for a role of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family member CD95 (Fas) in peripheral T cell deletion using CD95-deficient mice. To evaluate cooperation between CD95 and another TNFR family molecule, TNFR1, we generated mice deficient for both CD95 and TNFR1. We showed that TNFR1 and CD95 do not contribute to the decline of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes after virus infection. Using TNFR1 / CD95-deficient mice expressing the P14 TCR specific for a lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-derived peptide (p33) we showed that deletion of p33-specific CD8(+) T cells following high dose p33 administration is also normal. However, in non-TCR-transgenic TNFR1 / CD95-deficient mice treated with the same p33 regimen, tolerance induction was defective. These data indicate that TNFR1 and CD95 are dispensable for deletion of antigen-specific T cells after viral infection. However, under certain conditions, both TNFR1 and CD95 appear to cooperate in CD8(+) T cell deletion.
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Chan W, Keyser-Gauvin E, Davis GM, Nguyen LT, Laberge JM. Empyema thoracis in children: a 26-year review of the Montreal Children's Hospital experience. J Pediatr Surg 1997; 32:870-2. [PMID: 9200089 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(97)90639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The appropriate management of pediatric empyema thoracis remains controversial. The authors reviewed 47 cases of empyema thoracis over a 26-year period. The management of empyema included initial diagnostic thoracentesis and classification as acute, fibropurulent, or chronic. If the empyema was "acute," therapeutic tap, tube thoracostomy, or no surgical intervention was performed. "Fibropurulent" empyemas were uniformly treated with tube thoracostomy. The lung was decorticated when the empyema was encased by a thick peel, had recurred and was multiloculated, was refractory and the patient remained clinically unwell, or had occurred as a complication of previous thoracotomy. All patients with acute empyemas responded to antibiotics irrespective of drainage (average duration of fever, 17 days; average stay in hospital, 27 days). Of the fibropurulent empyemas in our review, complete drainage was attained in seven of 39 (18%), and decortication was not required in any empyema that was completely drained. Loculations persisted in 25 of 39 (64%) after tube thoracostomy but nonetheless resolved. The remaining seven of 39 (18%) with persistent loculations required formal decortication. Of the patients with fibropurulent empyemas that responded to tube thoracostomy, the average duration of fever was 13 days and hospitalization, 23 days. Of those requiring decortication the average duration of fever was 24 days and hospitalization, 40 days. These results will allow a baseline for comparison of new strategies (fibrinolytics and early thoracoscopy) that may reduce days of fever, hospitalization, and risk of formal decortication.
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