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Abstract
PROBLEM An immunologic basis has long been considered to be very important in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Interactions of the peritoneal cells, which comprise macrophages, B cells, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and retrograde endometrial cells, are critical, but remain controversial, for exploring the pathogenesis of endometriosis. METHOD OF STUDY Accumulated data from the literature were reviewed, and our data were analyzed. RESULTS The data show that peritoneal macrophages are activated by the recurrent reflux of menstrual shedding. Humoral and local endometrial autoantibodies are detected in patients with endometriosis, but B cells are not quantitatively increased. There is decreased NK cell activity in the peritoneal cavity and peripheral blood, and this decreased activity may be related to the failure to clear out the ectopic endometrial tissue. Peritoneal T cells are predominant by Th1 inflammatory cells, and these cells are impaired because of a decrease in activation (especially HLA-DR+CD4+CD3+ population) and in the production of interleukin-2. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are elevated in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS The peritoneal NK and T lymphocytes are suppressed in women with endometriosis, but whether these immunologic deviations are the cause or the result of endometriosis is still unclear. Further studies are required to determine what role immunologic factors play in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
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Ho HN, Chao KH, Chen HF, Wu MY, Yang YS, Lee TY. Peritoneal natural killer cytotoxicity and CD25+ CD3+ lymphocyte subpopulation are decreased in women with stage III-IV endometriosis. Hum Reprod 1995; 10:2671-5. [PMID: 8567790 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a135765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the lymphocytes of peripheral blood (PB) and peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with or without endometriosis to investigate the alteration of cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells and activation of T cells in the peritoneal cavity of women with endometriosis. A total of 16 control women and 14 patients with stage III-IV endometriosis were selected on the basis of laparoscopic examination in National Taiwan University Hospital. The lymphocyte subpopulations (B cell, NK cell and T cell), including T-cell activation markers (CD69, CD25, HLA-DR), in PB and PF were analysed by dual-colour flow cytometry. The NK cytotoxicity of PB and PF mononuclear cells was evaluated by 51Cr release assay. There was a significant decrease of NK cytotoxicity and CD25+ CD3+ lymphocyte subpopulation in PF of women with endometriosis compared with those without endometriosis. However, there was no difference in the proportion of NK cells in both PB and PF between women with and without endometriosis. Therefore, the decreased NK cytotoxicity in PF of women with endometriosis was due to the functional defect, but not quantitative defect, of NK cells. The concomitant reduction of activated T cells in women with endometriosis might suggest its possible role in the defect of NK cytotoxicity.
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Smeets RMM, Keyser UF, Wu MY, Dekker NH, Dekker C. Nanobubbles in solid-state nanopores. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 97:088101. [PMID: 17026338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.088101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
From conductance and noise studies, we infer that nanometer-sized gaseous bubbles (nanobubbles) are the dominant noise source in solid-state nanopores. We study the ionic conductance through solid-state nanopores as they are moved through the focus of an infrared laser beam. The resulting conductance profiles show strong variations in both the magnitude of the conductance and in the low-frequency noise when a single nanopore is measured multiple times. Differences up to 5 orders of magnitude are found in the current power spectral density. In addition, we measure an unexpected double-peak ionic conductance profile. A simple model of a cylindrical nanopore that contains a nanobubble explains the measured profile and accounts for the observed variations in the magnitude of the conductance.
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Bressler J, Tsai TF, Wu MY, Tsai SF, Ramirez MA, Armstrong D, Beaudet AL. The SNRPN promoter is not required for genomic imprinting of the Prader-Willi/Angelman domain in mice. Nat Genet 2001; 28:232-40. [PMID: 11431693 DOI: 10.1038/90067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In mice and humans, the locus encoding the gene for small nuclear ribonucleoprotein N (SNRPN/Snrpn), as well as other loci in the region are subject to genomic imprinting. The SNRPN promoter is embedded in a maternally methylated CpG island, is expressed only from the paternal chromosome and lies within an imprinting center that is required for switching to and/or maintenance of the paternal epigenotype. We show here that a 0.9-kb deletion of exon 1 of mouse Snrpn did not disrupt imprinting or elicit any obvious phenotype, although it did allow the detection of previously unknown upstream exons. In contrast, a larger, overlapping 4.8-kb deletion caused a partial or mosaic imprinting defect and perinatal lethality when paternally inherited.
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Ho HN, Wu MY, Chao KH, Chen CD, Chen SU, Yang YS. Peritoneal interleukin-10 increases with decrease in activated CD4+ T lymphocytes in women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 1997; 12:2528-33. [PMID: 9436700 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/12.11.2528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to determine whether peritoneal T cells are suppressed in the CD4+ or CD8+ T cell subpopulation and whether they are Th1 or Th2 predominant in women with endometriosis. Immune cells in the peritoneal fluid (PF) were obtained from women undergoing laparoscopy for endometriosis or tubal ligation. Three-colour flow cytometry was utilized for immunophenotyping of peritoneal fluid mononuclear cells (PFMC). Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) produced by PFMC with and without mitogen stimulation and concentrations of IL-10 and IL-12 were measured in PF. The peritoneal T lymphocytes were predominantly of the Th1 type that produced much more IFN-gamma but less IL-4 or IL-5 in women with or without endometriosis. The decrease in peritoneal lymphocytes was significant in the HLA-DR+ CD4+ CD3+ subpopulation and the concentrations of peritoneal IL-10 and IL-12 were significantly elevated in women with early stage endometriosis. There was impaired IL-5 production by PFMC after phytohaemagglutinin stimulation in women with advanced stage endometriosis. We concluded that the activated peritoneal CD4+ Th1 cells from the women with endometriosis were decreased in number. The suppression of these T cells may be due to the elevation of IL-10 and IL-12 in the peritoneal fluid.
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Wu MY, Yang JH, Chao KH, Hwang JL, Yang YS, Ho HN. Increase in the expression of killer cell inhibitory receptors on peritoneal natural killer cells in women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2000; 74:1187-91. [PMID: 11119748 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Malfunction of peritoneal natural killer cells (NK) may result in endometriosis. The present study was designed to determine whether the decrease in NK cytotoxicity occurs at early and advanced stages of endometriosis and is due to the increase in the NK inhibition receptors. DESIGN A case control study. SETTING A tertiary-care infertility center . PATIENT(S) A total of 44 women (controls, n = 11; women with early-stage endometriosis, n = 11; and women with advanced-stage endometriosis, n = 22) were included in this study. INTERVENTION(S) Laparoscopic examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) NK cytotoxicity was determined by assay of (51)Cr release against K562 cells, and the expression of killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIR, including NKB1, GL183, and EB6) in NK cells was examined by flow cytometry. RESULT(S) Women with endometriosis showed a decrease in peritoneal NK cytotoxicities against K562 at early and advanced stages of endometriosis. The expression of KIR (NKB1 and EB6) was significantly elevated in the peritoneal NK cells of women with advanced-stage endometriosis compared with controls. KIR (NKB1) was also significantly increased in peritoneal NK cells of women with advanced-stage endometriosis, compared with those of women with early-stage endometriosis. CONCLUSION(S) The results of this study suggest that the decrease in peritoneal NK cytotoxicities against K562 is observed and that this disease may be partially due to the increased expression of KIR on these NK cells.
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Mondin GW, Morgan WP, Piering PN, Stegner AJ, Stotesbery CL, Trine MR, Wu MY. Psychological consequences of exercise deprivation in habitual exercisers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996; 28:1199-203. [PMID: 8883010 DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199609000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Psychological consequences of exercise deprivation in habitual exercisers. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of 3 d of exercise deprivation on selected psychological variables. Ten volunteers (4 female and 6 male) who regularly exercised 6-7 d.wk-1 for at least 45 min at a time participated in a 5-d study. Participants completed their regular workout on the first day of the study, refrained from physical activity for the next 3 d, and then resumed their regular exercise on the 5th d of the study. Participants reported to the lab on Monday following their regular workout and completed a series of questionnaires, and these same questionnaires were completed at the same time of day on the next 4 d. The dependent variables consisted of state and trait anxiety (STAI), and tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion, and overall mood (POMS). Increases in total mood disturbance, state anxiety, tension, depression, and confusion across days were significant (P < 0.05), and vigor decreased. The pattern of increasing mood disturbance with exercise deprivation was followed by mood improvement to baseline levels when exercise was resumed. We concluded that a brief period of exercise deprivation in habitual exercisers results in mood disturbance within 24-48 h.
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Yang JH, Wu MY, Chen CD, Jiang MC, Ho HN, Yang YS. Association of endometrial blood flow as determined by a modified colour Doppler technique with subsequent outcome of in-vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:1606-10. [PMID: 10357984 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/14.6.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An endometrial thickness of 10 mm or more has been reported to be favourable for embryo implantation. Nevertheless, many women participating in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) programmes have adequate endometrial thickness but do not achieve satisfactory implantation. With the aid of power Doppler sonography, we examined the association between intra-endometrial vascularity and reproductive outcome. For this study, we enrolled only women with endometrial thickness >/=ISOdia>/=10 mm and excluded those with apparent endometrial pathologies. Of 95 women undergoing IVF cycles, there resulted 37 intrauterine pregnancies. The women were of similar age, body mass index, peak oestradiol concentration and endometrial thickness, and a similar number of embryos were transferred. Those women with an intra-endometrial power Doppler area (EPDA) <5 mm2 achieved a significantly lower pregnancy rate (23. 5 versus 47.5%, P = 0.021) and implantation rate (8.1 versus 20.2%, P = 0.003) than those with an EPDA >/=ISOdia>/=5 mm2. We conclude that, in addition to endometrial thickness, EPDA may serve as a factor indicative of endometrial receptivity. Women with adequate endometrial thickness but a small EPDA tended to have an unfavourable reproductive outcome.
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Chao KH, Chen SU, Chen HF, Wu MY, Yang YS, Ho HN. Assisted hatching increases the implantation and pregnancy rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer (ET), but not that of IVF-tubal ET in patients with repeated IVF failures. Fertil Steril 1997; 67:904-8. [PMID: 9130897 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)81404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of augmenting IVF with assisted hatching in the treatment of patients with repeated IVF failures. DESIGN Prospective randomized study. SETTING Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility of National Taiwan University Hospital. PATIENT(S) From July 1993 to February 1996, 49 patients with repeatedly failed IVF were treated with assisted hatching and were compared with 51 control subjects without assisted hatching. INTERVENTION(S) Assisted hatching. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Pregnancy rate and implantation rate per embryo after IVF-ET or IVF-tubal ET (TET) were measured. RESULT(S) The pregnancy rate (PR) in the assisted hatching group was found to be 36.7% compared with 19.6% in the control group, but the difference was not significant. When only patients receiving IVF-ET were considered, it was observed that the PR was significantly higher in the assisted hatching group than the control group (42.4% versus 16.1%). With IVF-TET however, the PR was found to be similar in both assisted hatching and control groups (25.0% and 25.0%, respectively). The rate of embryonic implantation in the IVF-ET patients was 11.0%, which was significantly higher than that of control embryos (3.7%). CONCLUSION(S) These results implied that IVF-ET, combined with assisted hatching, may improve the PR and implantation rate in patients with repeated IVF failures, but the same was not true in the case of IVF-TET.
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Ho HN, Wu MY, Chao KH, Chen CD, Chen SU, Chen HF, Yang YS. Decrease in interferon gamma production and impairment of T-lymphocyte proliferation in peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 175:1236-41. [PMID: 8942494 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to verify regional immune modulations and to test the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in women with endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN Concentrations of peritoneal cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-2, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-6, granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were compared in women with and without endometriosis. Peritoneal cytokine and interleukin-2 production were examined by adding various mitogens to peritoneal fluid mononuclear cells of women with advanced endometriosis before and after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment. RESULTS A significant increase in peritoneal interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and a decrease in interferon gamma were noted in women with endometriosis. After gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment interleukin-6 decreased and interferon gamma increased. A significant impairment of interleukin-2 production of peritoneal fluid mononuclear cells by phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen stimulation was demonstrated in endometriosis, and production could be restored after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment. CONCLUSION These results indicate that regional immunologic dysfunction might be invoked in the disease process of endometriosis.
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Ho HN, Wu MY, Chen SU, Chao KH, Chen CD, Yang YS. Total antioxidant status and nitric oxide do not increase in peritoneal fluids from women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 1997; 12:2810-5. [PMID: 9455858 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/12.12.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the role of nitric oxide (NO) and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of adhesion formation and in endometriosis-associated infertility, we examined the peritoneal total antioxidant status (TAS) and the concentrations of products of NO metabolism in women with endometriosis (early stage, n = 12; advanced stage, n = 12) and in fertile women without endometriosis (n = 10). Peritoneal CA 125 and oestrogen and progesterone concentrations were also measured to examine their contributions to TAS and the production of NO. We failed to demonstrate any significant difference in TAS and in the products of NO metabolism in peritoneal fluids among women with early and advanced stages of endometriosis compared with fertile women without endometriosis during the early follicular phase. TAS and the concentration of the products of NO metabolism were not related to concentrations of CA 125, oestrogen or progesterone. The concentration of CA 125 in serum, but not in peritoneal fluid, was positively correlated with the severity of endometriosis. The volume of peritoneal fluid and the progesterone concentration were significantly increased in the group with advanced endometriosis. TAS and the concentration of the products of NO metabolism did not increase in peritoneal fluids from women with endometriosis during the early follicular phase. Their role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis needs to be explored further.
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Hessler CM, Wu MY, Xue Z, Choi H, Seo Y. The influence of capsular extracellular polymeric substances on the interaction between TiO₂ nanoparticles and planktonic bacteria. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:4687-4696. [PMID: 22789757 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of capsular extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) at the surface of planktonic microorganisms was investigated for possible toxicity mitigation from titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles, using variable EPS producing wild-type and isogenic mutant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Membrane integrity assays revealed that increased capsular EPS reduced cell membrane damage. Acting as a barrier to the cell membrane, capsular EPS permitted attachment of nanoparticles to the cell, while simultaneously delaying cellular damage caused by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Modulations in ROS production were monitored in situ; while changes in the chemical composition of the microorganisms before and after exposure were examined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The addition of methanol, a known radical scavenger, was shown to vastly reduce ROS production and membrane integrity losses, while not affecting physical interactions of nanoparticles with the microorganism. The results support that EPS provides an attachment site for nanoparticles, but more importantly act as a barrier to cell membrane oxidation from ROS. These observations provide better understanding of the overall importance of ROS in TiO₂ microbial toxicity.
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Yang JH, Chen CD, Wu MY, Chao KH, Yang YS, Ho HN. Hormone replacement therapy reverses the decrease in natural killer cytotoxicity but does not reverse the decreases in the T-cell subpopulation or interferon-gamma production in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 2000; 74:261-7. [PMID: 10927042 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the immunologic deviations of postmenopausal women before and after hormone replacement therapy (HRT). DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University teaching hospital. PATIENT(S) Seventeen postmenopausal women (study group) and 17 women of reproductive age (control group). INTERVENTION(S) Continuous usage of E(2) valerate 2 mg/d and medroxyprogesterone acetate 5 mg/d in postmenopausal women in the study group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Immunophenotyping with flow cytometry, cytokine production with and without mitogen stimulation of the peripheral mononuclear cells, and a natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity test against K562 target cells by the (51)Cr-release assay were performed in the control group and in the study group before, 1 month after, and 6 months after HRT. RESULT(S) NK cytotoxicity, interferon-gamma production, and the T-cell subpopulation were significantly decreased, and the subpopulations of CD3(+)CD25(+) and CD3(+)HLA-DR(+) were increased in the study group before HRT when compared with those in the control group. After HRT was given for 6 months, however, the NK cytotoxicity increased significantly in the postmenopausal women to a value similar to that of the control group. CONCLUSION(S) Women after menopause are prone to impaired immune responses. Nevertheless, some of the impairment can be restored after HRT.
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Wu MY, Chen HF, Chen SU, Chao KH, Yang YS, Ho HN. Increase in the production of interleukin-10 early after implantation is related to the success of pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2001; 46:386-92. [PMID: 11775007 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2001.d01-29.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To study the correlation of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-11 leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), placental growth factor (PIGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and outcome of human pregnancy. METHOD OF STUDY We prospectively measured the serum levels of these cytokines in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs. A total of 60 women (non-pregnant, n = 27; early abortions, n = 12; normal pregnancies, n = 21) were enrolled. RESULTS There was no difference in the cytokines studied on D0 and D14 among the three groups of women. The increase in PIGF from D0 to D14 after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection was greater in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women; however, the difference did not reach significance (P = 0.068). The increase in IL-10 production from D14 to D21 was significant in women with successful pregnancies compared to women in the abortion group. CONCLUSIONS This increase in IL-10 may be important in sustaining a normal pregnancy early after implantation.
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Wu MY, Wang PY, Han SH, Hsieh SL. The cytoplasmic domain of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor mediates cell death in HeLa cells. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:11868-73. [PMID: 10207006 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.17.11868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LT-betaR) by conjugation with heterotrimeric lymphotoxin, LT-alpha1/beta2, or by cross-linking with anti-LT-betaR antibodies can trigger apoptosis. We have observed that overexpression of either LT-betaR or the cytoplasmic domain of LT-betaR (LT-betaR(CD)) also induces apoptosis, which may be attributed to the tendency of LT-betaR(CD) to self-associate. The self-association domain of LT-betaR(CD) was mapped to amino acids 324-377, a region of the protein that is also essential for LT-betaR-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we have shown that LT-betaR(CD)-induced apoptosis could be inhibited by a TRAF3 dominant negative mutant and by the caspase inhibitors Z-VAD-FMK, DEVD-FMK, and CrmA. The ligand-independent apoptosis induced by LT-betaR(CD) will help us to further dissect LT-betaR signaling pathway.
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Wu MY, Ho HN, Chen SU, Chao KH, Chen CD, Yang YS. Increase in the production of interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and interleukin-12 by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages from women with endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 1999; 41:106-11. [PMID: 10097794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1999.tb00082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To verify whether the peritoneal macrophage (PM) is activated in endometriosis. METHOD OF STUDY We examined the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and IL-12 by cultured PMs, which were either unstimulated or stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), from women with endometriosis (early, n = 12; advanced, n = 11) or without endometriosis (n = 13). RESULTS After stimulation with 2 ng/mL LPS for 24 hr, PMs from women with early-stage endometriosis secreted more NO, IL-6, and IL-10 than the controls. Higher IL-12 levels were noted in women with advanced endometriosis when compared with the controls. After 2 ng/mL-LPS stimulation for 24 hr, we also detected higher total antioxidant levels in the advanced-endometriosis group than those in the early-endometriosis group. CONCLUSION The increased production of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 by stimulated PMs confirmed previous observations that the PM is the principle source of these cytokines in peritoneal fluid.
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Laffont L, Wu MY, Chevallier F, Poizot P, Morcrette M, Tarascon JM. High resolution EELS of Cu–V oxides: Application to batteries materials. Micron 2006; 37:459-64. [PMID: 16376088 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2005.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although widely used, the most promising Li-based technologies still need to seek new materials concepts to satisfy the increasing demands for energy storage worldwide. We report a layered electrode material, Cu(2.33)V4O11, for which the valency of copper, vanadium and thus indirectly the oxygen stoichiometry need to be investigated during the electrochemical cycle. High-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) allows us to perform these measurements at the nanometer scale.
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Li Y, Wu MY, Song HH, Hu X, Qiu BS. Identification of a tobacco protein interacting with tomato mosaic virus coat protein and facilitating long-distance movement of virus. Arch Virol 2005; 150:1993-2008. [PMID: 15931463 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-005-0554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The protein-protein interaction of virus and host is essential for virus infection and host defense. The coat protein (CP) of tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) has been proved to be involved in cell-to-cell and long-distance movements of viruses that are presumably related with the protein-protein interactions. However, the host proteins that interact with the ToMV coat protein (ToCP) are largely unknown. In this study, we isolated a cDNA from a tobacco library through yeast two-hybrid system, which encodes a protein designated the ToMV CP-interacting protein-L (IP-L) that interacted with ToCP in vitro and in vivo. Sequencing analysis revealed that the putative coding region of IP-L gene was identical to that of an 'elicitor responsive protein' gene from N. tabacum (Genbank: #AB040409). A homology was also found between the cDNA sequence of IP-L and two senescence-related cDNAs (SENU1: Z75523 and AY479987) isolated from tomato and pepper. Northern blotting analysis showed that the mRNA level of IP-L was elevated after infection of ToMV. Then, we investigated the in vivo function of IP-L using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and virus challenging assay. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Northern blotting results showed that the endogenous mRNA of IP-L in N. benthamiana plant was silenced at 10 days post inoculation with the in vitro transcripts of PVX-IP-L that were produced from the potato virus X (PVX)-based gene silencing plasmid pPC2S.IP-L. The IP-L silent plant developed a delayed systemic symptom at 7 days post challenging with ToMV, indicating that a high expression of IP-L was necessary for the interaction with ToCP to assist the viral transportation. Together, our data suggested that IP-L is a novel plant factor that interacts with the coat protein of ToMV and facilitates the long-distance movement of virus, which may provide a valuable clue for us to further investigate the mechanisms of plant virus infection and to control plant virus diseases.
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Chao KH, Wu MY, Chen CD, Yang JH, Yang YS, Ho HN. The expression of killer cell inhibitory receptors on natural killer cells and activation status of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the decidua of normal and abnormal early pregnancies. Hum Immunol 1999; 60:791-7. [PMID: 10527385 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(99)00049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of the human placenta in early pregnancy is characterized by the presence of large numbers of natural killer cells within the maternal decidua. These NK cells have an unusual phenotype, CD3- CD16- CD56(bright), distinguishing them from peripheral blood NK cells. They may control trophoblast migration and placentation. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to several members of the KIR family and flow cytometry, we found that KIRs are expressed on decidual NK cells. There is variation in both the percentage of cells expressing a particular receptor and the density of receptor expression between decidual NK cells from different individuals. In anembryonic pregnancy, the proportions of decidual NK cells with a particular KIRs (GL183 and EB6) decreased significantly when compared with normal pregnancy (p = 0.01 and 0.01, respectively), raising the possibility that these NK receptors may be involved in recognition of the allogeneic fetus by the mother at the implantation site. In the decidua, more CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressed CD69 and HLA-DR than in blood, indicating that T cells are regionally activated during early pregnancy. When compared with normal pregnancy, decidual HLA-DR+CD4+CD3+, CD69+CD8+CD3+ and HLA-DR+CD8+CD3+ T lymphocytes are significantly increased in anembryonic pregnancy. The over-activation of decidual T cells during anembryonic pregnancy may thus contribute to the increased NK cytotoxicity activity.
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Chen CD, Wu MY, Chen HF, Chen SU, Ho HN, Yang YS. Prognostic importance of serial cytokine changes in ascites and pleural effusion in women with severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Fertil Steril 1999; 72:286-92. [PMID: 10438997 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prognostic value of various cytokine levels in ascites and pleural effusion during the evolution of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). DESIGN A longitudinal study. SETTING University teaching hospital. PATIENT(S) Twenty patients with severe OHSS who required either paracentesis or thoracentesis or both from whom ascites (n = 56) or pleural effusion (n = 12) samples were obtained. Control peritoneal fluid was obtained from 20 patients undergoing ovarian stimulation for IVF. INTERVENTION(S) Abdominal paracentesis for tense ascites and thoracentesis for massive pleural effusion. Control peritoneal fluid was obtained before oocyte retrieval. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), E2, and progesterone concentrations in ascites and pleural effusion. RESULT(S) Levels of VEGF and IL-6 in ascites dropped significantly during the course of OHSS and were not correlated with E2 concentrations. Levels of VEGF were significantly correlated with levels of IL-1 beta, IL-8, and TNF-alpha, as well as progesterone concentrations, hematocrit, and white blood cell counts. None of the cytokine levels measured in pleural effusion were correlated with the course of OHSS. CONCLUSION(S) These results suggest that local cytokines might be involved in the evolution of severe OHSS and possibly serve as prognostic markers for this syndrome.
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Chen CD, Wu MY, Yang JH, Chen SU, Ho HN, Yang YS. Intravenous albumin does not prevent the development of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Fertil Steril 1997; 68:287-91. [PMID: 9240258 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)81517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of IV albumin in the prevention of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). DESIGN Prospective study group with historical control. SETTING University hospital-based IVF program. PATIENT(S) Between 1993 and 1995, 42 consecutive patients undergoing IVF-ET or tubal ET who had serum E2 levels > or = 3,600 pg/mL (conversion factor to SI unit, 3.671) on the day of hCG administration and/or > or = 20 oocytes retrieved were considered at high risk for severe OHSS and were selected as the control group. From December 1995 to October 1996, IV albumin was given to 30 consecutive patients who fulfilled these criteria. INTERVENTION(S) The treatment group received IV albumin after oocyte retrieval. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Occurrence of severe OHSS. RESULT(S) None of the 16 patients in the treatment group in nonconception cycles developed severe OHSS, compared with 5 (21.7%) of 23 in the control group. In conception cycles, 4 (28.6%) of 14 patients in the treatment group developed severe OHSS, compared with 9 (47.4%) of 19 in the control group. All 4 patients with multiple pregnancies in the treatment group developed severe OHSS, compared with 3 (60%) of 5 in the control group. None of the 10 patients with singleton pregnancies in the treatment group developed severe OHSS, compared with 6 (42.9%) of 14 in the control group. CONCLUSION(S) Intravenous albumin prevents severe OHSS in high-risk patients who did not conceive or who carried singleton pregnancies, but not in the patients with high-order pregnancies.
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Chen CD, Ho HN, Wu MY, Chao KH, Chen SU, Yang YS. Paired human chorionic gonadotrophin determinations for the prediction of pregnancy outcome in assisted reproduction. Hum Reprod 1997; 12:2538-41. [PMID: 9436702 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/12.11.2538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of single and paired measurements of serum concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) for successful pregnancy following in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and tubal embryo transfer (TET). We analysed serum HCG concentrations 15 and 22 days after IVF or TET in 198 conception cycles. Cut-off values of serum HCG were determined by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. On the basis of single HCG samples on day 15 (HCG15) after transfer, using a cut-off value of HCG15 = 150 mIU/ml, the sensitivity was 71% and the specificity was 77%. The positive predictive value (HCG15 > or = 150 mIU/ml indicating a normal pregnancy) was 89%, while the negative predictive rate (HCG15 < 150 mIU/ml indicating an abnormal pregnancy) was 51%. Patients with HCG15 < 150 mIU/ml but HCG22/HCG15 ratio > or = 15, still had a 90% chance of normal pregnancy. However, in patients with HCG15 < 150 mIU/ml and an HCG22/HCG15 ratio < 15, there was an 84% chance of an abnormal pregnancy. We conclude that a single HCG15 determination combined with the ratio of HCG22 to HCG15 has a higher diagnostic accuracy for prediction of pregnancy outcome than either analysis alone.
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Wu MY, Chao KH, Chen SU, Chen HF, Yang YS, Huang SC, Ho HN. The suppression of peritoneal cellular immunity in women with endometriosis could be restored after gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist treatment. Am J Reprod Immunol 1996; 35:510-6. [PMID: 8792933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Our previous study reported that peritoneal natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity and CD3+CD25+ lymphocyte subpopulation were suppressed in women with advanced endometriosis. Whether these phenomena are general for all stages of endometriosis and whether these alterations could be restored by long-term use of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) are further tested in this study. METHOD Lymphocyte subpopulations (B cells, NK cells, T cells, and T-cell activation markers such as CD69, HLA-DR, and CD25) and NK cell cytotoxicity of peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid by dual-color flow cytometry and 51Cr release assay in 30 cases of endometriosis were compared with those in 26 controls. We also compared these changes before and after 6-month treatment with GnRHa for advanced endometriosis. RESULTS Compared with the controls, only those women with advanced endometriosis showed lower NK cytotoxicity in peritoneal fluid mononuclear cells (PFMC). The CD3+CD69+ lymphocyte subpopulation decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of advanced endometriosis, while the CD3+CD25+ lymphocyte subpopulation decreased in both PBMC and PFMC of mild and advanced endometriosis. After GnRHa treatment, the CD3+CD69+ lymphocyte subpopulation increased in both PBMC and PFMC and the CD3+CD25+ lymphocyte subpopulation increased in PFMC, but not in PBMC. CONCLUSION Impaired local immunological function in the PF of endometriosis was confirmed by this study and the impairments could be restored after long-term GnRHa therapy.
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Chen SU, Chao KH, Wu MY, Chen CD, Ho HN, Yang YS. The simplified two-pipette technique is more efficient than the conventional three-pipette method for blastomere biopsy in human embryos. Fertil Steril 1998; 69:569-75. [PMID: 9531901 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)00535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficiency and efficacy of a simplified two-pipette technique in comparison to the conventional three-pipette method; in the two-pipette method, a single, larger drilling/biopsy pipette is used to perform zona pellucida (ZP) drilling and blastomere aspiration for embryo biopsy. DESIGN A preclinical, prospective, randomized, in vitro experiment. SETTING The reproductive unit of a university teaching hospital. PATIENT(S) Ninety-five excess embryos at the two- to four-cell stage were obtained from 35 patients undergoing IVF. INTERVENTION(S) At the six- to eight-cell stage, 88 embryos were allocated randomly to three groups: group I for the conventional method (n = 29), group II for the simplified technique (n = 30), and group III for controls (n = 29). The embryos then were cultured in vitro. The retrieved blastomeres were fixed and examined with fluorescence in situ hybridization using X and Y probes simultaneously. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Biopsy time, successful retrieval of a blastomere, fixation of the cell, signals developed from fluorescence in situ hybridization, and growth potential and hatching capacity of the biopsied embryos were evaluated. RESULT(S) The mean time (+/- SD) for biopsy of each embryo in group I (435 +/- 137 seconds) was significantly longer than that in group II (126 +/- 32 seconds). The success rates for obtaining an intact blastomere were not different between group I (93%) and group II (97%). The growth capacity to the blastocyst stage was similar among the three groups (34%, 37%, and 38%, respectively). However, the ZP-drilled and biopsied embryos of groups I and II had higher percentages of hatching (34% and 37%, respectively) and complete hatching (17% and 20%, respectively) than did those of group III (10% and 0, respectively). The blastomeres obtained by biopsy in groups I and II were equally fixed (90% vs. 90%, respectively) and shown in fluorescence in situ hybridization (79% vs. 80%, respectively). CONCLUSION(S) Compared with the conventional method, the simplified technique is more efficient and equally efficacious for blastomere biopsy in preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
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Ho HN, Wu MY, Chen HF, Chao KH, Yang YS, Huang SC, Lee TY, Gill TJ. In vivo CD3+CD25+ lymphocyte subpopulation is down-regulated without increased serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) by gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a). Am J Reprod Immunol 1995; 33:134-9. [PMID: 7619228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1995.tb01150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To test further whether the suppression of the CD3+CD25+ lymphocyte subpopulation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) is related to the change in levels of cytokines and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R). METHOD Twenty-seven infertile patients were enrolled under the long protocol of GnRH-a agonist (buserelin acetate) and superovulation with gonadotropin from our IVF-ET program. Peripheral B cells, NK cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the expression of CD69, CD25, HLA-DR, and CD71 antigens on the T cells were serially examined by dual-color flow cytometry. Serum levels of cytokines and sIL-2R were measured. RESULTS The B cells, NK cells, T cells, CD4+, CD8+ T cells, CD3+DR+, and CD3+CD71+ lymphocyte subpopulations were not changed after the use of GnRH-a. The CD25+ T cell subpopulation was significantly down-regulated, but the CD69+ T cell subpopulation was increased when the GnRH-a was used for approximately 2 wk. The serum levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and sIL-2R were not changed. CONCLUSION The GnRH-a had a transiently suppressive effect on CD25+ T cells, but a stimulatory effect on CD69+ T cells. However, the serum level of cytokines or sIL-2R did not change. These immunological modulations seems to be the result of interaction between GnRH-a and estrogen.
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