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Tillmanns J, Weiglein JM, Neuser J, Fraccarollo D, Galuppo P, König T, Diekmann J, Ross T, Bengel FM, Bauersachs J, Derlin T. Circulating soluble fibroblast activation protein (FAP) levels are independent of cardiac and extra-cardiac FAP expression determined by targeted molecular imaging in patients with myocardial FAP activation. Int J Cardiol 2024; 406:132044. [PMID: 38614364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue Fibroblast Activation Protein alpha (FAP) is overexpressed in various types of acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. A soluble form of FAP has been detected in human plasma, and low circulating FAP concentrations are associated with increased risk of death in patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, little is known about the regulation and release of FAP from fibroblasts, and whether circulating FAP concentration is associated with tissue FAP expression. This study characterizes the release of FAP in human cardiac fibroblasts (CF) and analyzes the association of circulating FAP concentrations with in vivo tissue FAP expression in patients with acute (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI) and chronic (severe aortic stenosis, AS) myocardial FAP expression. METHODS AND RESULTS FAP was released from CF in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. FAP concentration was higher in supernatant of TGFβ-stimulated CF, and correlated with cellular FAP concentration. Inhibition of metallo- and serine-proteases diminished FAP release in vitro. Median FAP concentrations of patients with acute (77 ng/mL) and chronic (75 ng/mL, p = 0.50 vs. STEMI) myocardial FAP expression did not correlate with myocardial nor extra-myocardial nor total FAP volume (P ≥ 0.61 in all cases) measured by whole-body FAP-targeted positron emission tomography. CONCLUSION We describe a time- and concentration dependent, protease-mediated release of FAP from cardiac fibroblasts. Circulating FAP concentrations were not associated with increased in vivo tissue FAP expression determined by molecular imaging in patients with both chronic and acute myocardial FAP expression. These data suggest that circulating FAP and tissue FAP expression provide complementary, non-interchangeable information.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tillmanns
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - J M Weiglein
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Neuser
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - D Fraccarollo
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Galuppo
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - T König
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Diekmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Ross
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - F M Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Derlin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Song Y, Qin C, Chen Y, Ruan W, Gai Y, Song W, Gao Y, Hu W, Qiao P, Song X, Lv X, Zheng D, Chu H, Jiang D, Yang L, Lan X. Non-invasive visualization of liver fibrosis with [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET from preclinical insights to clinical translation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06773-z. [PMID: 38850311 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The reversibility of early liver fibrosis highlights the need for improved early detection and monitoring techniques. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a promising theranostics target significantly upregulated during fibrosis. This preclinical and preliminary clinical study investigated a FAP-targeted probe, gallium-68-labeled FAP inhibitor 04 ([68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04), for its capability to visualize liver fibrosis. METHODS The preclinical study employed [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 micro-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) on carbon tetrachloride-induced mice model (n = 34) and olive oil-treated control group (n = 26), followed by validation of the probe's biodistribution. Hepatic uptake was correlated with fibrosis and inflammation levels, quantified through histology and serum assays. FAP and α-smooth muscle actin expression were determined by immunohistochemistry, as well as immunofluorescence. The subsequent clinical trial enrolled 26 patients with suspected or confirmed liver fibrosis to undergo [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/magnetic resonance imaging or PET/CT. Key endpoints included correlating [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 uptake with histological inflammation grades and fibrosis stages, and evaluating its diagnostic and differential efficacy compared to established serum markers and liver stiffness measurement (LSM). RESULTS [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 mean uptake in mice livers was notably higher than in control mice, increasing from week 6 [0.70 ± 0.11 percentage injected dose per cubic centimeter (%ID/cc)], peaking at week 10 (0.97 ± 0.15%ID/cc) and slightly reducing at week 12 (0.89 ± 0.28%ID/cc). The hepatic biodistribution and FAP expression showed a consistent trend. In the patient cohort, hepatic [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 uptake presented moderate correlations with inflammation grades (r = 0.517 to 0.584, all P < 0.05) and fibrosis stages (r = 0.653 to 0.698, all P < 0.01). The average SUVmax to background ratio in the liver showed superior discriminative ability, especially between stage 0 and stage 1, outperforming LSM (area under curve 0.984 vs. 0.865). CONCLUSION [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET shows significant potential for non-invasive visualization and dynamic monitoring of liver fibrosis in both preclinical experiment and preliminary clinical trial, especially outperforming other common clinical indicators in the early stage. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04605939. Registered October 25, 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04605939.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmeihui Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chunxia Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Therapy, Ministry of Education, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yixiong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weiwei Ruan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Therapy, Ministry of Education, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Therapy, Ministry of Education, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenyu Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenzhu Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Pengxin Qiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiangming Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoying Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Danzha Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Therapy, Ministry of Education, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Therapy, Ministry of Education, No. 1277 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
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Shi J, Hu S, Wei H, Zhang L, Lan Y, Guan J, Zhao K, Gao F, He W, Li Z. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 interacts with porcine coronavirus PHEV spikes and mediates host range expansion. J Virol 2024:e0075324. [PMID: 38829136 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00753-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), a neurotropic betacoronavirus, is prevalent in natural reservoir pigs and infects mice. This raises concerns about host jumping or spillover, but little is known about the cause of occurrence. Here, we revealed that dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a candidate binding target of PHEV spikes and works as a broad barrier to overcome. Investigations of the host breadth of PHEV confirmed that cells derived from pigs and mice are permissive to virus propagation. Both porcine DPP4 and murine DPP4 have high affinity for the viral spike receptor-binding domain (RBD), independent of their catalytic activity. Loss of DPP4 expression results in limited PHEV infection. Structurally, PHEV spike protein binds to the outer surface of blades IV and V of the DPP4 β-propeller domain, and the DPP4 residues N229 and N321 (relative to human DPP4 numbering) participate in RBD binding via its linked carbohydrate entities. Removal of these N-glycosylations profoundly enhanced the RBD-DPP4 interaction and viral invasion, suggesting they act as shielding in PHEV infection. Furthermore, we found that glycosylation, rather than structural differences or surface charges, is more responsible for DPP4 recognition and species barrier formation. Overall, our findings shed light on virus-receptor interactions and highlight that PHEV tolerance to DPP4 orthologs is a putative determinant of its cross-species transmission or host range expansion.IMPORTANCEPHEV is a neurotropic betacoronavirus that is circulating worldwide and has raised veterinary and economic concerns. In addition to being a reservoir species of pigs, PHEV can also infect wild-type mice, suggesting a "host jump" event. Understanding cross-species transmission is crucial for disease prevention and control but remains to be addressed. Herein, we show that the multifunctional receptor DPP4 plays a pivotal role in the host tropism of PHEV and identifies the conserved glycosylation sites in DPP4 responsible for this restriction. These findings highlight that the ability of PHEV to utilize DPP4 orthologs potentially affects its natural host expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiyu Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlu Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yungang Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyu Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenqi He
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Deng X, Cheng Z, Li Y, Duan M, Qi J, Hao C, Yao W. FAP Expression Dynamics and Role in Silicosis: Insights from Epidemiological and Experimental Models. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024:124311. [PMID: 38838811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to free silica leads to the development of silicosis, wherein activated fibroblasts play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis and progression. Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP), as a biomarker for activated fibroblasts, its expression pattern and role in key aspects of silicosis pathogenesis remain unclear. This study elucidated the expression pattern and function of FAP through population-based epidemiological investigations, establishment of mouse models of silicosis, and in vitro cellular models. Results indicated a significant elevation of FAP in plasma from silicosis patients and lung tissues from mouse models of silicosis. In the cellular model, we observed a sharp increase in FAP expression early in the differentiation process, which remained high expression. Inhibition of FAP suppressed fibroblast differentiation, while overexpression of FAP produced the opposite effect. Moreover, fibroblast-derived FAP can alter the phenotype and function of neighboring macrophages. In summary, we revealed a high expression pattern of FAP in silicosis and its potential mechanistic role in fibrosis, suggesting FAP as a potential therapeutic target for silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Deng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhiwei Cheng
- Department of Case Management, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Library, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Meixiu Duan
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jingyi Qi
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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Kimura T, Akazawa T, Mizote Y, Nakamura H, Sakaue M, Maniwa T, Shintani Y, Honma K, Tahara H, Okami J. Progressive changes in the protein expression profile of alveolar septa in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2024; 29:771-779. [PMID: 38600426 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenocarcinomas show a stepwise progression from atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) through adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) to invasive adenocarcinoma (IA). Immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat (ISLR) is a marker of tumor-restraining cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are distinct from conventional, strongly α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive CAFs. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has been focused on as a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target of CAFs. METHODS We investigated the changes in protein expression during adenocarcinoma progression in the pre-existing alveolar septa by assessing ISLR, αSMA, and FAP expression in normal lung, AAH, AIS, and IA. Fourteen AAH, seventeen AIS, and twenty IA lesions were identified and randomly sampled. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate cancer-associated changes and FAP expression in the pre-existing alveolar structures. RESULTS Normal alveolar septa expressed ISLR. The ISLR level in the alveolar septa decreased in AAH and AIS tissues when compared with that in normal lung tissue. The αSMA-positive area gradually increased from the adjacent lung tissue (13.3% ± 15%) to AIS (87.7% ± 14%), through AAH (70.2% ± 21%). Moreover, the FAP-positive area gradually increased from AAH (1.69% ± 1.4%) to IA (11.8% ± 7.1%), through AIS (6.11% ± 5.3%). Protein expression changes are a feature of CAFs in the pre-existing alveolar septa that begin in AAH. These changes gradually progressed from AAH to IA through AIS. CONCLUSIONS FAP-positive fibroblasts may contribute to tumor stroma formation in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, and this could influence the development of therapeutic strategies targeting FAP-positive CAFs for disrupting extracellular matrix formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-L5, Yamadaoka, , Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yu Mizote
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Harumi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Miki Sakaue
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Maniwa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-L5, Yamadaoka, , Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
- Project Division of Cancer Biomolecular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Jiro Okami
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
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Iwamoto Y, Kimura T, Dan K, Iwamoto H, Sanada J, Fushimi Y, Katakura Y, Shimoda M, Nogami Y, Shirakiya Y, Nakanishi S, Mune T, Kaku K, Kaneto H. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor additively ameliorate hepatic steatosis through different mechanisms of action in high-fat diet-fed mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2339-2348. [PMID: 38504118 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors suppress the inactivation of incretin hormones and lower blood glucose levels by inhibiting DPP-4 function. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors lower blood glucose levels in an insulin-independent manner by inhibiting renal reabsorption of glucose. DPP-4 and SGLT2 inhibitors each have the potential to improve hepatic steatosis; however, their combined effects remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of the combination of these drugs on hepatic steatosis using high-fat diet-fed mice. METHOD C57BL/6J male mice were fed a 60% high-fat diet for 2 months to induce hepatic steatosis. Mice were divided into four groups (control; DPP-4 inhibitor anagliptin; SGLT2 inhibitor luseogliflozin; anagliptin and luseogliflozin combination), and the effects of each drug and their combination on hepatic steatosis after a 4-week intervention were evaluated. RESULTS There were no differences in blood glucose levels among the four groups. Anagliptin suppresses inflammation- and chemokine-related gene expression. It also improved macrophage fractionation in the liver. Luseogliflozin reduced body weight, hepatic gluconeogenesis and blood glucose levels in the oral glucose tolerance test. The combination treatment improved hepatic steatosis without interfering with the effects of anagliptin and luseogliflozin, respectively, and fat content and inflammatory gene expression in the liver were significantly improved in the combination group compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION The combination therapy with the DPP-4 inhibitor anagliptin and the SGLT2 inhibitor luseogliflozin inhibits fat deposition in the liver via anti-inflammatory effects during the early phase of diet-induced liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Iwamoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Dan
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Iwamoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Junpei Sanada
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Fushimi
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yukino Katakura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Masashi Shimoda
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yuka Nogami
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Shirakiya
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakanishi
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Mune
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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Heß L, Aliar K, Grünwald BT, Griffin R, Lozan A, Knöller M, Khokha R, Brummer T, Reinheckel T. Dipeptidyl-peptidase 9 regulates the dynamics of tumorigenesis and metastasis in breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167133. [PMID: 38531482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The cytosolic dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase 9 (DPP9) cleaves protein N-termini post-proline or -alanine. Our analysis of DPP9 mRNA expression from the TCGA 'breast cancer' data set revealed that low/intermediate DPP9 levels are associated with poor overall survival of breast cancer patients. To unravel the impact of DPP9 on breast cancer development and progression, the transgenic MMTV-PyMT mouse model of metastasizing breast cancer was used. In addition, tissue- and time-controlled genetic deletion of DPP9 by the Cre-loxP recombination system was done. Despite a delay of tumor onset, a higher number of lung metastases were measured in DPP9-deficient mice compared to controls. In human mammary epithelial cells with oncogenic RAS pathway activation, DPP9 deficiency delayed tumorigenic transformation and accelerated TGF-β1 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of spheroids. For further analysis of the mechanism, primary breast tumor cells were isolated from the MMTV-PyMT model. DPP9 deficiency in these cells caused cancer cell migration and invasion accompanied by EMT. In absence of DPP9, the EMT transcription factor ZEB1 was stabilized due to insufficient degradation by the proteasome. In summary, low expression of DPP9 appears to decelerate mammary tumorigenesis but favors EMT and metastasis, which establishes DPP9 as a novel dynamic regulator of breast cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Heß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kazeera Aliar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, ON M5G 2G4, Toronto, Canada
| | - Barbara T Grünwald
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, ON M5G 2G4, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ricarda Griffin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alina Lozan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mariel Knöller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rama Khokha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, ON M5G 2G4, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON M5G 2G4, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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8
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Wu J, Hong C, Qiu T, Hu W, Chen J, Fang T. β-elemene alleviates esophageal fibrosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection via the FAP-mediated PTEN-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31537. [PMID: 38807882 PMCID: PMC11130724 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal stricture caused by fibrosis is a serious complication after esophageal Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Myofibroblasts play a crucial role in esophageal fibrosis, so inhibiting activated myofibroblasts is a promising approach for treating esophageal fibrosis. β-Elemene, a natural product with anti-tumor and anti-fibrotic properties, has not been thoroughly examined in esophageal fibrosis. Additionally, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and PTEN-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway are both notably linked to fibrotic diseases. Therefore, we investigated the potential mechanisms of β-elemene in esophageal fibrosis by treating primary human esophageal granulation fibroblasts (PHEGFs) with gradient concentrations of β-elemene. Our findings demonstrated that β-elemene inhibited the activity of PHEGFs in a dose-dependent manner, accompanied by downregulation of FAP, p-PI3K, and p-AKT protein expression, along with upregulation of p-PTEN protein expression. In addition, we substantiated the potential correlation between FAP and the PTEN-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by establishing models of FAP overexpression and silencing. These results provide a new perspective on the potential mechanism of β-elemene in relieving esophageal fibrosis and offer novel therapeutic strategies for managing post-esophageal ESD stricture in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ting Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Weitao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jiangmu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Taiyong Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
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9
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Tanaka H, Sugawara S, Tanaka Y, Loo TM, Tachibana R, Abe A, Kamiya M, Urano Y, Takahashi A. Dipeptidylpeptidase-4-targeted activatable fluorescent probes visualize senescent cells. Cancer Sci 2024. [PMID: 38802068 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells promote cancer development and progression through chronic inflammation caused by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Although various senotherapeutic strategies targeting senescent cells have been developed for the prevention and treatment of cancers, technology for the in vivo detection and evaluation of senescent cell accumulation has not yet been established. Here, we identified activatable fluorescent probes targeting dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP4) as an effective probe for detecting senescent cells through an enzymatic activity-based screening of fluorescent probes. We also determined that these probes were highly, selectively, and rapidly activated in senescent cells during live cell imaging. Furthermore, we successfully visualized senescent cells in the organs of mice using DPP4-targeted probes. These results are expected to lead to the development of a diagnostic technology for noninvasively detecting senescent cells in vivo and could play a role in the application of DPP4 prodrugs for senotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisamichi Tanaka
- Division of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of JFCR Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Sugawara
- Division of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanaka
- Division of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tze Mun Loo
- Division of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Tachibana
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuki Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Takahashi
- Division of Cellular Senescence, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Cancer Cell Communication Project, NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Yabe Y, Takemura T, Hattori S, Ishikawa K, Aizawa T. Comparative Gene-Expression Analysis of the Ligamentum Flavum of Patients with Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis: Comparison between the Dural and Dorsal Sides of the Thickened Ligamentum Flavum. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2024; 263:43-50. [PMID: 38355112 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2024.j015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Thickening of the ligamentum flavum is the main factor in the development of lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Although previous studies have reported factors related to ligamentum flavum thickening, its etiology has not been clarified. Furthermore, it is often difficult to set proper controls to investigate the pathologies of thickening due to differences in patient characteristics, such as age, sex, obesity, and comorbidities. This study aimed to elucidate the pathologies of ligamentum flavum thickening by comparing the dural and dorsal sides of the thickened ligamentum flavum in patients with LSCS. Ligamentum flavum samples were collected from 19 patients with LSCS. The samples were divided into the dural and dorsal sides. The dural side was used as a control to assess the pathologies occurring on the dorsal side. Elastic Masson staining was used to assess the elastic fibres. Gene expression levels were comprehensively assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and DNA microarray analyses. Gene ontology analysis was used to identify biological processes associated with differentially expressed genes. The elastic fibres were significantly decreased on the dorsal side of the thickened ligamentum flavum. Genes related to fibrosis, inflammation, tissue repair, remodeling, and chondrometaplasia, such as COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, TGFB1, VEGFA, TNFA, MMP2, COL10A1, and ADAMTS4, were highly expressed on the dorsal side of the thickened ligamentum flavum. The biological processes occurring on the dorsal side of the thickened ligamentum flavum were extracellular matrix organization, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix disassembly, and proteolysis.These are considered important pathologies of ligamentum flavum thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Yabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Taro Takemura
- Nanotechnology Innovation Station, National Institute for Materials Science
| | - Shinya Hattori
- Nanotechnology Innovation Station, National Institute for Materials Science
| | - Keisuke Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshimi Aizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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11
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Lin L, Huang Z, Li W, Liu X, Li X, Gao S, Chen J, Yang C, Min X, Yang H, Gong Q, Wei Y, Tu S, Rao X, Zhang Z, Dong L, Zhong J. Mid1 promotes synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis via ubiquitin-dependent post-translational modification. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107224. [PMID: 38777113 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current anti-rheumatic drugs are primarily modulating immune cell activation, yet their effectiveness remained suboptimal. Therefore, novel therapeutics targeting alternative mechanisms, such as synovial activation, is urgently needed. OBJECTIVES To explore the role of Midline-1 (Mid1) in synovial activation. METHODS NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice were used to establish a subcutaneous xenograft model. Wild-type C57BL/6, Mid1-/-, Dpp4-/-, and Mid1-/-Dpp4-/- mice were used to establish a collagen-induced arthritis model. Cell viability, cell cycle, qPCR and western blotting analysis were used to detect MH7A proliferation, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) and Mid1 levels. Co-immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis identified the candidate protein of Mid1 substrates. Ubiquitination assays were used to determine DPP4 ubiquitination status. RESULTS An increase in Mid1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, was observed in human RA synovial tissue by GEO dataset analysis, and this elevation was confirmed in a collagen-induced mouse arthritis model. Notably, deletion of Mid1 in a collagen-induced arthritis model completely protected mice from developing arthritis. Subsequent overexpression and knockdown experiments on MH7A, a human synoviocyte cell line, unveiled a previously unrecognized role of Mid1 in synoviocyte proliferation and migration, the key aspects of synovial activation. Co-immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis identified DPP4 as the most significant candidate of Mid1 substrates. Mechanistically, Mid1 promoted synoviocyte proliferation and migration by inducing ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of DPP4. DPP4 deficiency led to increased proliferation, migration, and inflammatory cytokine production in MH7A, while reconstitution of DPP4 significantly abolished Mid1-induced augmentation of cell proliferation and activation. Additionally, double knockout model showed that DPP4 deficiency abolished the protective effect of Mid1 defect on arthritis. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings suggest that the ubiquitination of DPP4 by Mid1 promotes synovial cell proliferation and invasion, exacerbating synovitis in RA. These results reveal a novel mechanism that controls synovial activation, positioning Mid1 as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liman Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhiwen Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xinlu Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shupei Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, Hubei 442008, China
| | - Chenxi Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xinwen Min
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, Hubei 442008, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, Hubei 442008, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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12
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Wen X, Chang X, He X, Cai Q, Wang G, Liu J. Increased Thyroid DPP4 Expression Is Associated With Inflammatory Process in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1517-1525. [PMID: 38127960 PMCID: PMC11099486 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is originally described as a surface protein in lymphocytes. Lymphocyte infiltration and subsequent destruction of thyroid tissue have been considered as the central pathological mechanism in Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate DPP4 expression in peripheral blood and thyroid tissue in HT patients, and explore the role of DPP4 in the pathophysiological process of HT. METHODS This case-control study recruited 40 drug-naive HT patients and 81 control individuals. Peripheral blood and thyroid specimens were collected for assessing the expression and activity of DPP4. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of 6 "para-tumor tissues" samples from scRNA-seq data set GSE184362 and in vitro cell experiments were also conducted. RESULTS The HT patients had similar DPP4 serum concentration and activity as the controls. However, the expression and activity of DPP4 was significantly increased in the thyroid of the HT group than in the control group. The scRNA-seq analysis showed that DPP4 expression was significantly increased in the HT group, and mainly expressed in T cells. Further in vitro studies showed that inhibition of lymphocyte DPP4 activity with sitagliptin downregulated the production of inflammatory factors in co-cultured thyroid cells. CONCLUSION DPP4 expression was significantly increased in the thyroid of the HT group compared with the control group, and was mainly localized in the lymphocytes. Inhibition of lymphocyte DPP4 activity reduced the production of inflammatory factors in co-cultured thyroid cells. Therefore, inhibition of DPP4 may have a beneficial effect by alleviating inflammatory reactions in HT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaona Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xueqing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Qingyun Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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13
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Wang C, Zheng L, Udenigwe CC, Lin L, Zhao M. Molecular Mechanistic Insights into Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitory Peptides to Decipher the Structural Basis of Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11230-11240. [PMID: 38709903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibiting peptides have attracted increased attention because of their possible beneficial effects on glycemic homeostasis. However, the structural basis underpinning their activities has not been well understood. This study combined computational and in vitro investigations to explore the structural basis of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides. We first superimposed the Xaa-Pro-type peptide-like structures from several crystal structures of DPP-IV ligand-protein complexes to analyze the recognition interactions of DPP-IV to peptides. Thereafter, a small set of Xaa-Pro-type peptides was designed to explore the effect of key interactions on inhibitory activity. The intramolecular interaction of Xaa-Pro-type peptides at the first and third positions from the N-terminus was pivotal to their inhibitory activities. Residue interactions between DPP-IV and residues of the peptides at the fourth and fifth positions of the N-terminus contributed significantly to the inhibitory effect of Xaa-Pro-type tetrapeptides and pentapeptides. Based on the interaction descriptors, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies with the DPP-IV inhibitory peptides resulted in valid models with high R2 values (0.90 for tripeptides; 0.91 for tetrapeptides and pentapeptides) and Q2 values (0.33 for tripeptides; 0.68 for tetrapeptides and pentapeptides). Taken together, the structural information on DPP-IV and peptides in this study facilitated the development of novel DPP-IV inhibitory peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Chibuike C Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
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14
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Li K, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Wang R, Li Y, Wei L, Wang L, Chen X, Chen Z, Liu P, Nie N, Tian X, Fu R. DPP8/9 inhibition attenuates the TGF-β1-induced excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in human mesangial cells via Smad and Akt signaling pathways. Toxicol Lett 2024; 395:1-10. [PMID: 38458339 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of glomerular diseases is strongly influenced by abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in mesangial cells. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) enzyme family contains DPP8 and DPP9, which are involved in multiple diseases. However, the pathogenic roles of DPP8 and DPP9 in mesangial cells ECM deposition remain unclear. In this study, we observed that DPP8 and DPP9 were significantly increased in glomerular mesangial cells and podocytes in CKD patients compared with healthy individuals, and DPP9 levels were higher in the urine of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients than in control urine. Therefore, we further explored the mechanism of DPP8 and DPP9 in mesangial cells and revealed a significant increase in the expression of DPP8 and DPP9 in human mesangial cells (HMCs) following TGF-β1 stimulation. Silencing DPP8 and DPP9 by siRNAs alleviated the expression of ECM-related proteins including collagen Ⅲ, collagen Ⅳ, fibronectin, MMP2, in TGF-β1-treated HMCs. Furthermore, DPP8 siRNA and DPP9 siRNA inhibited TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3, as well as the phosphorylation of Akt in HMCs. The findings suggested the inhibition of DPP8/9 may alleviate HMCs ECM deposition induced by TGF-β1 via suppressing TGF-β1/Smad and AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Yuzhan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Weihao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Linting Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Xianghui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Na Nie
- Department of Nephrology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medcine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Rongguo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
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15
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Safari M, Tavakoli R, Aghasadeghi M, Tabatabaee Bafroee AS, Fateh A, Rahimi P. Study on the correlation between DPP9 rs2109069 and IFNAR2 rs2236757 polymorphisms with COVID-19 mortality. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38660988 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2344179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the complex mechanisms of the immune system in dealing with the COVID-19 infection, which is probably related to the polymorphism in cytokine and chemokine genes, can explain the pro-inflammatory condition of patients. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the two pro-inflammatory genes dipeptidylpeptidase 9 (DPP9) and interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2 (IFNAR2) and the severity of COVID-19 was assessed. This study involved 954 COVID-19 patients, including 528 recovered and 426 deceased patients. To investigate the polymorphisms of IFNAR2 rs2236757 and DPP9 rs2109069, we used the polymerase chain reaction with the restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The results showed that IFNAR2 rs2236757 A allele is related to the reduced severity of the disease, whereas the incidence of DPP9 rs2109069 A allele was higher among the deceased than recovered individuals. On the other hand, in people carrying the G allele in the DPP9 gene polymorphism and the allele A in the IFNR2 gene polymorphism, the improvement of the disease was significantly higher. In conclusion, the results showed that IFNAR2 rs2236757 A allele is related to the decrease in the severity of the disease, while the frequency of DPP9 rs2109069 A allele was higher in deceased people than in recovered people. This shows the important role of genes related to inflammatory responses as well as the role of genetic variants of these genes in the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Safari
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Tavakoli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Transmitted Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Aghasadeghi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Transmitted Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Viral Vaccine Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Rahimi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Transmitted Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Viral Vaccine Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Tanc M, Filippi N, Van Rymenant Y, Grintsevich S, Pintelon I, Verschuuren M, De Loose J, Verhulst E, Moon ES, Cianni L, Stroobants S, Augustyns K, Roesch F, De Meester I, Elvas F, Van der Veken P. Druglike, 18F-labeled PET Tracers Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38656144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a very reliable biomarker for tissue remodeling. FAP has so far mainly been studied in oncology, but there is growing interest in the enzyme in other diseases like fibrosis. Recently, FAP-targeting diagnostics and therapeutics have emerged, of which the so-called FAPIs are among the most promising representatives. FAPIs typically have a relatively high molecular weight and contain very polar, multicharged chelator moieties. While this is not limiting the application of FAPIs in oncology, more druglike FAPIs could be required to optimally study diseases characterized by denser, less permeable tissue. In response, we designed the first druglike 18F-labeled FAPIs. We report target potencies, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics and demonstrate FAP-dependent uptake in murine tumor xenografts. Finally, this paper puts forward compound 10 as a highly promising, druglike FAPI for 18F-PET imaging. This molecule is fit for additional studies in fibrosis and its preclinical profile warrants clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Tanc
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Nicolò Filippi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Yentl Van Rymenant
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sergei Grintsevich
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marlies Verschuuren
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Joni De Loose
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Emile Verhulst
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Euy Sung Moon
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassman-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cianni
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Frank Roesch
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassman-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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17
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Hu Z, Kurihara T, Sun Y, Cetin Z, Florentino RM, Faccioli LAP, Liu Z, Yang B, Ostrowska A, Soto-Gutierrez A, Delgado ER. A rat model of cirrhosis with well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma induced by thioacetamide. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.18.590120. [PMID: 38712079 PMCID: PMC11071316 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.590120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and commonly associated with hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. This study aims to establish a rat model mimicking the progression from liver fibrosis to cirrhosis and subsequently to HCC using thioacetamide (TAA). We utilized male Lewis rats, treating them with intra-peritoneal injections of TAA. These rats received bi-weekly injections of either 200 mg/kg TAA or saline (as a control) over a period of 34 weeks. The development of cirrhosis and hepatocarcinogenesis was monitored through histopathological examinations, biochemical markers, and immunohistochemical analyses. Our results demonstrated that chronic TAA administration induced cirrhosis and well-differentiated HCC, characterized by increased fibrosis, altered liver architecture, and enhanced hepatocyte proliferation. Biochemical analyses revealed significant alterations in liver function markers, including elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, without affecting kidney function or causing significant weight loss or mortality in rats. This TAA-induced cirrhosis and HCC rat model successfully replicates the clinical progression of human HCC, including liver function impairment and early-stage liver cancer characteristics. It presents a valuable tool for future research on the mechanisms of antitumor drugs in tumor initiation and development.
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18
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Gnoth K, Bär JW, Rosche F, Rahfeld JU, Demuth HU. Contribution of amino acids in the active site of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 to the catalytic action of the enzyme. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0289239. [PMID: 38625918 PMCID: PMC11020753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DP4)/CD26 regulates the biological function of various peptide hormones by releasing dipeptides from their N-terminus. The enzyme is a prominent target for the treatment of type-2 diabetes and various DP4 inhibitors have been developed in recent years, but their efficacy and side effects are still an issue. Many available crystal structures of the enzyme give a static picture about enzyme-ligand interactions, but the influence of amino acids in the active centre on binding and single catalysis steps can only be judged by mutagenesis studies. In order to elucidate their contribution to inhibitor binding and substrate catalysis, especially in discriminating the P1 amino acid of substrates, the amino acids R125, N710, E205 and E206 were investigated by mutagenesis studies. Our studies demonstrated, that N710 is essential for the catalysis of dipeptide substrates. We found that R125 is not important for dipeptide binding but interacts in the P1`position of the peptide backbone. In contrast to dipeptide substrates both amino acids play an essential role in the binding and arrangement of long natural substrates, particularly if lacking proline in the P1 position. Thus, it can be assumed that the amino acids R125 and N710 are important in the DP4 catalysed substrate hydrolysis by interacting with the peptide backbone of substrates up- and downstream of the cleavage site. Furthermore, we confirmed the important role of the amino acids E205 and E206. However, NP Y, displaying proline in P1 position, is still processed without the participation of E205 or E206.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Gnoth
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering, Hochschule Anhalt, Köthen, Germany
| | - Joachim Wolfgang Bär
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biopharmaceuticals Cell Culture & DP, Biberach/Riß, Germany
| | - Fred Rosche
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | - Jens-Ulrich Rahfeld
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Demuth
- Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering, Hochschule Anhalt, Köthen, Germany
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19
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Espadinha M, De Loose J, Corthaut S, Thys S, Van Rymenant Y, Verhulst E, Benramdane S, Filippi N, Augustyns K, Van Wielendaele P, Pintelon I, De Meester I, Van der Veken P. Active site-directed probes targeting dipeptidyl peptidases 8 and 9. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116389. [PMID: 38593588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidases (DPP) 8 and 9 are intracellular serine proteases that play key roles in various biological processes and recent findings highlight DPP8 and DPP9 as potential therapeutic targets for hematological and inflammasome-related diseases. Despite the substantial progress, the precise biological functions of these proteases remain elusive, and the lack of selective chemical tools hampers ongoing research. In this paper, we describe the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of the first active site-directed DPP8/9 probes which are derived from DPP8/9 inhibitors developed in-house. Specifically, we synthesized fluorescent inhibitors containing nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD), dansyl (DNS) and cyanine-3 (Cy3) reporters to visualize intracellular DPP8/9. We demonstrate that the fluorescent inhibitors have high affinity and selectivity towards DPP8/9 over related S9 family members. The NBD-labeled DPP8/9 inhibitors were nominated as the best in class compounds to visualize DPP8/9 in human cells. Furthermore, a method has been developed for selective labeling and visualization of active DPP8/9 in vitro by fluorescence microscopy. A collection of potent and selective biotinylated DPP8/9-targeting probes was also prepared by replacing the fluorescent reporter with a biotin group. The present work provides the first DPP8/9-targeting fluorescent compounds as useful chemical tools for the study of DPP8 and DPP9's biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joni De Loose
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sam Corthaut
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sofie Thys
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Emile Verhulst
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Siham Benramdane
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nicolò Filippi
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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20
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Zhang Q, Liu Y, Ren L, Li J, Lin W, Lou L, Wang M, Li C, Jiang Y. Proteomic analysis of DEN and CCl 4-induced hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8013. [PMID: 38580754 PMCID: PMC10997670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) seriously threatens human health, mostly developed from liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Since diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced HCC mouse model almost recapitulates the characteristic of HCC with fibrosis and inflammation, it is taken as an essential tool to investigate the pathogenesis of HCC. However, a comprehensive understanding of the protein expression profile of this model is little. In this study, we performed proteomic analysis of this model to elucidate its proteomic characteristics. Compared with normal liver tissues, 432 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in tumor tissues, among which 365 were up-regulated and 67 were down-regulated. Through Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) analysis and Gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analysis of DEPs, we identified two distinguishing features of DEN and CCl4-induced HCC mouse model in protein expression, the upregulation of actin cytoskeleton and branched-chain amino acids metabolic reprogramming. In addition, matching DEPs from the mouse model to homologous proteins in the human HCC cohort revealed that the DEN and CCl4-induced HCC mouse model was relatively similar to the subtype of HCC with poor prognosis. Finally, combining clinical information from the HCC cohort, we screened seven proteins with prognostic significance, SMAD2, PTPN1, PCNA, MTHFD1L, MBOAT7, FABP5, and AGRN. Overall, we provided proteomic data of the DEN and CCl4-induced HCC mouse model and highlighted the important proteins and pathways in it, contributing to the rational application of this model in HCC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liangliang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Junqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Weiran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lijuan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Minghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chaoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicle Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing, 102206, China.
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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21
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Li H, Dai R, Huang Y, Zhong J, Yan Q, Yang J, Hu K, Zhong Y. [18F]AlF-ND-bisFAPI PET imaging of fibroblast activation protein as a biomarker to monitor the progression of liver fibrosis. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0407. [PMID: 38466884 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is a progressive disease, which is reversible in the early stages. The current monitoring methods have notable limitations that pose a challenge to early detection. In this study, we evaluated the utility of [18F]AlF-ND-bisFAPI positron emission tomography imaging of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) to monitor the progression of liver fibrosis. METHODS Two mouse models of liver fibrosis were established by bile duct ligation and carbon tetrachloride administration, respectively. Positron emission tomography imaging was performed with the FAP-specific radiotracer [18F]AlF-ND-bisFAPI for the evaluation of rat HSCs and mouse models of fibrosis and combined with histopathology, immunohistochemical staining, and immunoblotting to elucidate the relationships among radioactivity uptake, FAP levels, and liver fibrosis progression. Furthermore, [18F]AlF-ND-bisFAPI autoradiography was performed to assess tracer binding in liver sections from patients with varying degrees of liver fibrosis. RESULTS Cell experiments demonstrated that [18F]AlF-ND-bisFAPI uptake was specific in activated HSCs. Compared with control mice, [18F]AlF-ND-bisFAPI uptake in livers increased in the early stages of fibrosis and increased significantly further with disease progression. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses demonstrated that FAP expression increased with fibrosis severity. In accordance with the findings in animal models, ex vivo autoradiography on human fibrotic liver sections showed that radioactivity increased as fibrosis progressed from mild to severe. CONCLUSIONS [18F]AlF-ND-bisFAPI positron emission tomography imaging is a promising noninvasive method for monitoring the progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxue Dai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueqi Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingsong Yan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kongzhen Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Zhang Z, Tao J, Qiu J, Cao Z, Huang H, Xiao J, Zhang T. From basic research to clinical application: targeting fibroblast activation protein for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:361-381. [PMID: 37726505 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to review the multifaceted roles of a membrane protein named Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) expressed in tumor tissue, including its molecular functionalities, regulatory mechanisms governing its expression, prognostic significance, and its crucial role in cancer diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Articles that have uncovered the regulatory role of FAP in tumor, as well as its potential utility within clinical realms, spanning diagnosis to therapeutic intervention has been screened for a comprehensive review. RESULTS Our review reveals that FAP plays a pivotal role in solid tumor progression by undertaking a multitude of enzymatic and nonenzymatic roles within the tumor stroma. The exclusive presence of FAP within tumor tissues highlights its potential as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. The review also emphasizes the prognostic significance of FAP in predicting tumor progression and patient outcomes. Furthermore, the emerging strategies involving FAPI inhibitor (FAPI) in cancer research and clinical trials for PET/CT diagnosis are discussed. And targeted therapy utilizing FAP including FAPI, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, tumor vaccine, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engagers, FAP cleavable prodrugs, and drug delivery system are also introduced. CONCLUSION FAP's intricate interactions with tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment make it a promising target for diagnosis and treatment. Promising strategies such as FAPI offer potential avenues for accurate tumor diagnosis, while multiple therapeutic strategies highlight the prospects of FAP targeting treatments which needs further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jinxin Tao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianchun Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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23
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Giselvania A, Juniantito V, Wibowo H, Siregar TP, Gondhowiardjo S. Induction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Conventional Domestic Swine Using N-Diethylnitrosamine and Phenobarbital. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:245-257. [PMID: 38560662 PMCID: PMC10979671 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s439787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Large animal models are still used in many studies because of their likeness to humans. It has not been documented that regular-sized conventional farm-breed pigs, generally bred for meat production, can be used to generate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) animal models. The goal of this study was to investigate how N-diethylnitrosamine (DENA) and phenobarbital (PB) together can generate HCC in ordinary farmed pigs. Materials and Methods Conventional domestic swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) were used. DENA 15 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected weekly for 12 weeks, while PB tablets (4 mg/kg) were also administered through food for 16 weeks. Blood testing and ultrasonography evaluation were performed to monitor the progress. Subsequently, computed tomography was conducted in cases with suspected nodules, followed by histopathological examination to confirm the diagnosis. Results Ten swine (seven males, three females; age: 2 months; weight: 9-15 kg) were included in the study and followed up for 25 months; nine were experimental, and one was control for ethical considerations. The maximum weight of animals during this study reached 162-228 kg. The weight gain seen in the intervention swine was predominantly lower than that documented in the control. The laboratory analysis revealed no notable abnormalities in liver function markers but did demonstrate statistically significant changes in urea (p = 0.028) and creatinine (p = 0.003) levels. Ultrasonography and computed tomography showed multiple liver nodules with characteristics resembling HCC. Serial imaging screening and more extended observations revealed that all animals eventually developed tumors. Histopathological confirmation at 15-22 weeks post-induction revealed that all intervened swine developed multiple nodules of well-differentiated HCC and some with hepatic angiosarcoma. Conclusion This study successfully generated HCC in conventional domestic swine with a DENA and PB combination. This investigation required at least 15 months to develop tumors. This model will be beneficial for future investigations of HCC in large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Giselvania
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Vetnizah Juniantito
- Division of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Heri Wibowo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Trifonia Pingkan Siregar
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Soehartati Gondhowiardjo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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24
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Laketa D, Lavrnja I. Extracellular Purine Metabolism-Potential Target in Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04104-9. [PMID: 38499905 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The purinergic signaling system comprises a complex network of extracellular purines and purine-metabolizing ectoenzymes, nucleotide and nucleoside receptors, ATP release channels, and nucleoside transporters. Because of its immunomodulatory function, this system is critically involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its best-characterized animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MS is a chronic neuroinflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease with autoimmune etiology and great heterogeneity, mostly affecting young adults and leading to permanent disability. In MS/EAE, alterations were detected in almost all components of the purinergic signaling system in both peripheral immune cells and central nervous system (CNS) glial cells, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. A decrease in extracellular ATP levels and an increase in its downstream metabolites, particularly adenosine and inosine, were frequently observed at MS, indicating a shift in metabolism toward an anti-inflammatory environment. Accordingly, upregulation of the major ectonucleotidase tandem CD39/CD73 was detected in the blood cells and CNS of relapsing-remitting MS patients. Based on the postulated role of A2A receptors in the transition from acute to chronic neuroinflammation, the association of variants of the adenosine deaminase gene with the severity of MS, and the beneficial effects of inosine treatment in EAE, the adenosinergic system emerged as a promising target in neuroinflammation. More recently, several publications have identified ADP-dependent P2Y12 receptors and the major extracellular ADP producing enzyme nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2 (NTPDase2) as novel potential targets in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Laketa
- Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Ivan Djaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 3, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Irena Lavrnja
- Institute for Biological Research, Sinisa Stankovic" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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25
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Zolg S, Donzelli L, Geiss-Friedlander R. N-terminal processing by dipeptidyl peptidase 9: Cut and Go! Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00052-X. [PMID: 38461970 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is an intracellular amino-dipeptidase with physiological roles in the immune system, DNA repair and mitochondria homeostasis, while its deregulation is linked to cancer progression and immune-associated defects. Through its rare ability to cleave a peptide bond following the imino-acid proline, DPP9 acts as a molecular switch that regulates key proteins, such as the tumor-suppressor BRCA2. In this review we will discuss key concepts underlying the outcomes of protein processing by DPP9, including substrate turn-over by the N-degron pathway. Additionally, we will review non-enzymatic roles and the regulation of DPP9 by discussing the interactome of this protease, which includes SUMO1, Filamin A, NLRP1 and CARD8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Zolg
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Donzelli
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Geiss-Friedlander
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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26
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Jussila A, Zhang B, Kirti S, Atit R. Tissue fibrosis associated depletion of lipid-filled cells. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15054. [PMID: 38519432 PMCID: PMC10977660 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is primarily described as the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix, but in many tissues it also involves a loss of lipid or lipid-filled cells. Lipid-filled cells are critical to tissue function and integrity in many tissues including the skin and lungs. Thus, loss or depletion of lipid-filled cells during fibrogenesis, has implications for tissue function. In some contexts, lipid-filled cells can impact ECM composition and stability, highlighting their importance in fibrotic transformation. Recent papers in fibrosis address this newly recognized fibrotic lipodystrophy phenomenon. Even in disparate tissues, common mechanisms are emerging to explain fibrotic lipodystrophy. These findings have implications for fibrosis in tissues composed of fibroblast and lipid-filled cell populations such as skin, lung, and liver. In this review, we will discuss the roles of lipid-containing cells, their reduction/loss during fibrotic transformation, and the mechanisms of that loss in the skin and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jussila
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sakin Kirti
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Radhika Atit
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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27
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Van Phan H, Tsitsiklis A, Maguire CP, Haddad EK, Becker PM, Kim-Schulze S, Lee B, Chen J, Hoch A, Pickering H, Van Zalm P, Altman MC, Augustine AD, Calfee CS, Bosinger S, Cairns C, Eckalbar W, Guan L, Jayavelu ND, Kleinstein SH, Krammer F, Maecker HT, Ozonoff A, Peters B, Rouphael N, Montgomery RR, Reed E, Schaenman J, Steen H, Levy O, Diray-Arce J, Langelier CR. Host-Microbe Multiomic Profiling Reveals Age-Dependent COVID-19 Immunopathology. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.11.24301704. [PMID: 38405760 PMCID: PMC10888993 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.11.24301704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), yet the mechanisms responsible for this relationship have remained incompletely understood. To address this, we evaluated the impact of aging on host and viral dynamics in a prospective, multicenter cohort of 1,031 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, ranging from 18 to 96 years of age. We performed blood transcriptomics and nasal metatranscriptomics, and measured peripheral blood immune cell populations, inflammatory protein expression, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and anti-interferon (IFN) autoantibodies. We found that older age correlated with an increased SARS-CoV-2 viral load at the time of admission, and with delayed viral clearance over 28 days. This contributed to an age-dependent increase in type I IFN gene expression in both the respiratory tract and blood. We also observed age-dependent transcriptional increases in peripheral blood IFN-γ, neutrophil degranulation, and Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, and decreases in T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor signaling pathways. Over time, older adults exhibited a remarkably sustained induction of proinflammatory genes (e.g., CXCL6) and serum chemokines (e.g., CXCL9) compared to younger individuals, highlighting a striking age-dependent impairment in inflammation resolution. Augmented inflammatory signaling also involved the upper airway, where aging was associated with upregulation of TLR, IL17, type I IFN and IL1 pathways, and downregulation TCR and PD-1 signaling pathways. Metatranscriptomics revealed that the oldest adults exhibited disproportionate reactivation of herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus in the upper airway following hospitalization. Mass cytometry demonstrated that aging correlated with reduced naïve T and B cell populations, and increased monocytes and exhausted natural killer cells. Transcriptional and protein biomarkers of disease severity markedly differed with age, with the oldest adults exhibiting greater expression of TLR and inflammasome signaling genes, as well as proinflammatory proteins (e.g., IL6, CXCL8), in severe COVID-19 compared to mild/moderate disease. Anti-IFN autoantibody prevalence correlated with both age and disease severity. Taken together, this work profiles both host and microbe in the blood and airway to provide fresh insights into aging-related immune changes in a large cohort of vaccine-naïve COVID-19 patients. We observed age-dependent immune dysregulation at the transcriptional, protein and cellular levels, manifesting in an imbalance of inflammatory responses over the course of hospitalization, and suggesting potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrice M. Becker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health
| | | | - Brian Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Jing Chen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children’s Hospital
| | - Annmarie Hoch
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital
| | - Harry Pickering
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Alison D. Augustine
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Al Ozonoff
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | - Elaine Reed
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Joanna Schaenman
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Hanno Steen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital
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Webster NJG, Kumar D, Wu P. Dysregulation of RNA splicing in early non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2500. [PMID: 38291075 PMCID: PMC10828381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
While changes in RNA splicing have been extensively studied in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), no studies have systematically investigated changes in RNA splicing during earlier liver disease. Mouse studies have shown that disruption of RNA splicing can trigger liver disease and we have shown that the splicing factor SRSF3 is decreased in the diseased human liver, so we profiled RNA splicing in liver samples from twenty-nine individuals with no-history of liver disease or varying degrees of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We compared our results with three publicly available transcriptome datasets that we re-analyzed for splicing events (SEs). We found many changes in SEs occurred during early liver disease, with fewer events occurring with the onset of inflammation and fibrosis. Many of these early SEs were enriched for SRSF3-dependent events and were associated with SRSF3 binding sites. Mapping the early and late changes to gene ontologies and pathways showed that the genes harboring these early SEs were involved in normal liver metabolism, whereas those harboring late SEs were involved in inflammation, fibrosis and proliferation. We compared the SEs with HCC data from the TCGA and observed that many of these early disease SEs are found in HCC samples and, furthermore, are correlated with disease survival. Changes in splicing factor expression are also observed, which may be associated with distinct subsets of the SEs. The maintenance of these SEs through the multi-year oncogenic process suggests that they may be causative. Understanding the role of these splice variants in metabolic liver disease progression may shed light on the triggers of liver disease progression and the pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J G Webster
- Jennifer Moreno VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Panyisha Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
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29
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Liu K, Zhou X, Huang F, Liu L, Xu Z, Gao C, Zhang K, Hong J, Yao N, Cheng G. Aurora B facilitates cholangiocarcinoma progression by stabilizing c-Myc. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38247322 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignancy that arises from biliary epithelial cells, has a dismal prognosis, and few targeted therapies are available. Aurora B, a key mitotic regulator, has been reported to be involved in the progression of various tumors, yet its role in CCA is still unclarified. METHODS Human CCA tissues and murine spontaneous CCA models were used to assess Aurora B expression in CCA. A loss-of-function model was constructed in CCA cells to determine the role of Aurora B in CCA progression. Subcutaneous and liver orthotopic xenograft models were used to assess the therapeutic potential of Aurora B inhibitors in CCA. RESULTS In murine spontaneous CCA models, Aurora B was significantly upregulated. Elevated Aurora B expression was also observed in 62.3% of human specimens in our validation cohort (143 CCA specimens), and high Aurora B expression was positively correlated with pathological parameters of tumors and poor survival. Knockdown of Aurora B by siRNA and heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO) or an Aurora B kinase inhibitor (AZD1152) significantly suppressed CCA progression via G2/M arrest induction. An interaction between Aurora B and c-Myc was found in CCA cells. Targeting Aurora B significantly reduced this interaction and accelerated the proteasomal degradation of c-Myc, suggesting that Aurora B promoted the malignant properties of CCA by stabilizing c-Myc. Furthermore, sequential application of AZD1152 or Aurora B HDO drastically improved the efficacy of gemcitabine in CCA. CONCLUSIONS Aurora B plays an essential role in CCA progression by modulating c-Myc stability and represents a new target for treatment and chemosensitization in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuxuan Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihao Liu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Xu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongqing Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Hong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Zhou H, Zhong J, Peng S, Liu Y, Tang P, Cai Z, Wang L, Xu H, Hu K. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of novel 18F-labeled fibroblast activation protein tracers for positron emission tomography imaging of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115993. [PMID: 38039792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts in more than 90% of epithelial tumors. Several radiotracers targeting FAPs have been used in clinical settings in recent years. However, the number of 18F-labeled FAP tracers is still limited. Herein, we aimed to develop 18F-labeled FAP tracers with optimized pharmacokinetics. Labeling precursors (NOTA-DD-FAPI and NOTA-PD-FAPI) were synthesized and labeled with fluorine-18. The precursors NOTA-DD-FAPI (IC50 = 0.21 ± 0.06 nM) and NOTA -PD-FAPI (IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.07 nM) showed a higher affinity for FAP compared to NOTA-FAPI-42 (IC50 = 0.66 ± 0.19 nM). Novel 18F-labeled FAP tracers showed a specific uptake, high internalized fraction, and low cellular efflux in vitro. Compared to the clinically used tracer [18F]AlF-FAPI-42, both the novel 18F-labeled FAP tracers, and especially the [18F]AlF-PD-FAPI tracer with a higher tumor-to-background ratio demonstrated rapid renal excretion and higher tumor uptake during preclinical evaluation, resulting in images with higher contrast. Thus, [18F]AlF-PD-FAPI shows promise for use as a FAP-targeting tracer for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiawei Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Simin Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Peipei Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhikai Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Kongzhen Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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31
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Poplawski SE, Hallett RM, Dornan MH, Novakowski KE, Pan S, Belanger AP, Nguyen QD, Wu W, Felten AE, Liu Y, Ahn SH, Hergott VS, Jones B, Lai JH, McCann JAB, Bachovchin WW. Preclinical Development of PNT6555, a Boronic Acid-Based, Fibroblast Activation Protein-α (FAP)-Targeted Radiotheranostic for Imaging and Treatment of FAP-Positive Tumors. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:100-108. [PMID: 38050111 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP) in solid cancers relative to levels in normal tissues has led to its recognition as a target for delivering agents directly to tumors. Radiolabeled quinoline-based FAP ligands have established clinical feasibility for tumor imaging, but their therapeutic potential is limited due to suboptimal tumor retention, which has prompted the search for alternative pharmacophores. One such pharmacophore is the boronic acid derivative N-(pyridine-4-carbonyl)-d-Ala-boroPro, a potent and selective FAP inhibitor (FAPI). In this study, the diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) potential of N-(pyridine-4-carbonyl)-d-Ala-boroPro-based metal-chelating DOTA-FAPIs was evaluated. Methods: Three DOTA-FAPIs, PNT6555, PNT6952, and PNT6522, were synthesized and characterized with respect to potency and selectivity toward soluble and cell membrane FAP; cellular uptake of the Lu-chelated analogs; biodistribution and pharmacokinetics in mice xenografted with human embryonic kidney cell-derived tumors expressing mouse FAP; the diagnostic potential of 68Ga-chelated DOTA-FAPIs by direct organ assay and small-animal PET; the antitumor activity of 177Lu-, 225Ac-, or 161Tb-chelated analogs using human embryonic kidney cell-derived tumors expressing mouse FAP; and the tumor-selective delivery of 177Lu-chelated DOTA-FAPIs via direct organ assay and SPECT. Results: DOTA-FAPIs and their natGa and natLu chelates exhibited potent inhibition of human and mouse sources of FAP and greatly reduced activity toward closely related prolyl endopeptidase and dipeptidyl peptidase 4. 68Ga-PNT6555 and 68Ga-PNT6952 showed rapid renal clearance and continuous accumulation in tumors, resulting in tumor-selective exposure at 60 min after administration. 177Lu-PNT6555 was distinguished from 177Lu-PNT6952 and 177Lu-PNT6522 by significantly higher tumor accumulation over 168 h. In therapeutic studies, all 3 177Lu-DOTA-FAPIs exhibited significant antitumor activity at well-tolerated doses, with 177Lu-PNT6555 producing the greatest tumor growth delay and animal survival. 225Ac-PNT6555 and 161Tb-PNT6555 were similarly efficacious, producing 80% and 100% survival at optimal doses, respectively. Conclusion: PNT6555 has potential for clinical translation as a theranostic agent in FAP-positive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Poplawski
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Shuang Pan
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony P Belanger
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Molecular Cancer Imaging Facility, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wengen Wu
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shin Hye Ahn
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Molecular Cancer Imaging Facility, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Barry Jones
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jack H Lai
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - William W Bachovchin
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts;
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32
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Kheur S, Ghosal S, Desai KM. Oral Microbial and Molecular Cross Talk between SARS-CoV-2 and Diabetes Mellitus - A Mini Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e260423216221. [PMID: 37170990 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230426152606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The oral microbiome has long been considered a measure of overall systemic health. It is often significantly altered in case of chronic inflammation or any other systemic infection. Therefore, a shift in oral microbiota and oral health is bound to be observed in diabetics infected with the coronavirus. The prognosis of COVID-19 in a diabetic individual is often worse than that in a healthy individual. The increased pathogenicity of coronavirus in diabetics is due to the peculiar ways in which it interacts with specific physiological mechanisms in a diabetic patient and vice versa. Diabetes Mellitus Type-II (DM -II) is one of the most frequently associated co-morbidities in a COVID-19 patient, and therefore it is even more pertinent that their interrelationship is understood. It is essential to recognize the above-mentioned interactions and consider their implications while treating susceptible patients. This article attempts to review and summarize the said vital interactions. Additionally, it attempts to guide and prepare oral health professionals on what to expect and how to treat diabetic patients in a future where coronavirus is, as unfortunate as it is, a regularity and not a rarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Kheur
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, India
| | - Sushmita Ghosal
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, India
| | - Karishma Madhusudan Desai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, India
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Dong T, Li J, Liu Y, Zhou S, Wei X, Hua H, Tang K, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wu Z, Gao C, Zhang H. Roles of immune dysregulation in MASLD. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116069. [PMID: 38147736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Its occurrence and progression involve the process from simple hepatic steatosis to metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which could develop into advanced liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Growing evidences support that the pathogenesis and progression of MASLD are closely related to immune system dysfunction. This review aims to summarize the association of MASLD with immune disorders and the prospect of using immunotherapy for MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Dong
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiajin Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shikai Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hongting Hua
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kechao Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chaobing Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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34
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Li R, Zhao Y, Liu T, Li Y, Wan C, Gao R, Liu C, Li X, Li B. Nano-drug delivery system targeting FAP for the combined treatment of oral leukoplakia. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:247-265. [PMID: 37526880 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia (OLK) has received much attention due to its potential risk of malignant transformation. Studies have shown that when drug therapy is combined with photothermal therapy (PTT), not only can the cytotoxicity of the drug be enhanced, but also the heat energy can be used to kill the lesion cells, so we can combine drug therapy with PTT to enhance the therapeutic effect on OLK. However, with certain drawbacks due to its lack of targeting, fibroblast activating protein (FAP) has become an attractive target for OLK combination therapy. In this study, we used NGO-PEG loaded with FAP-targeting peptide (F-TP) and celecoxib (CXB) to construct a nano-drug delivery system CGPF for targeting OLK with high FAP expression and confirmed the biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy of CGPF by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Overall, the novel nano-drug delivery system CGPF proposed in this study showed a very significant potential for the combination therapy of OLK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Yingjiao Zhao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Chaoqiong Wan
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ruifang Gao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xianqi Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, 399-0781, Japan
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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Gehris J, Ervin C, Hawkins C, Womack S, Churillo AM, Doyle J, Sinusas AJ, Spinale FG. Fibroblast activation protein: Pivoting cancer/chemotherapeutic insight towards heart failure. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115914. [PMID: 37956895 PMCID: PMC10824141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
An important mechanism for cancer progression is degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) which is accompanied by the emergence and proliferation of an activated fibroblast, termed the cancer associated fibroblast (CAF). More specifically, an enzyme pathway identified to be amplified with local cancer progression and proliferation of the CAF, is fibroblast activation protein (FAP). The development and progression of heart failure (HF) irrespective of the etiology is associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling and changes in ECM structure and function. As with cancer, HF progression is associated with a change in LV myocardial fibroblast growth and function, and expresses a protein signature not dissimilar to the CAF. The overall goal of this review is to put forward the postulate that scientific discoveries regarding FAP in cancer as well as the development of specific chemotherapeutics could be pivoted to target the emergence of FAP in the activated fibroblast subtype and thus hold translationally relevant diagnostic and therapeutic targets in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gehris
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Charlie Ervin
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Charlotte Hawkins
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sydney Womack
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Amelia M Churillo
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jonathan Doyle
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Albert J Sinusas
- Yale University Cardiovascular Imaging Center, New Haven CT, United States
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, United States.
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Harvey AB, Wolters RA, Deepe RN, Tarolli HG, Drummond JR, Trouten A, Zandi A, Barth JL, Mukherjee R, Romeo MJ, Vaena SG, Tao G, Muise-Helmericks R, Ramos PS, Norris RA, Wessels A. Epicardial deletion of Sox9 leads to myxomatous valve degeneration and identifies Cd109 as a novel gene associated with valve development. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 186:16-30. [PMID: 37935281 PMCID: PMC10843603 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs) are involved in the regulation of myocardial growth and coronary vascularization and are critically important for proper development of the atrioventricular (AV) valves. SOX9 is a transcription factor expressed in a variety of epithelial and mesenchymal cells in the developing heart, including EPDCs. To determine the role of SOX9 in epicardial development, an epicardial-specific Sox9 knockout mouse model was generated. Deleting Sox9 from the epicardial cell lineage impairs the ability of EPDCs to invade both the ventricular myocardium and the developing AV valves. After birth, the mitral valves of these mice become myxomatous with associated abnormalities in extracellular matrix organization. This phenotype is reminiscent of that seen in humans with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MVD). An RNA-seq analysis was conducted in an effort to identify genes associated with this myxomatous degeneration. From this experiment, Cd109 was identified as a gene associated with myxomatous valve pathogenesis in this model. Cd109 has never been described in the context of heart development or valve disease. This study highlights the importance of SOX9 in the regulation of epicardial cell invasion-emphasizing the importance of EPDCs in regulating AV valve development and homeostasis-and reports a novel expression profile of Cd109, a gene with previously unknown relevance in heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Harvey
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Renélyn A Wolters
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Raymond N Deepe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Hannah G Tarolli
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Jenna R Drummond
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Allison Trouten
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Auva Zandi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Jeremy L Barth
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Martin J Romeo
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Silvia G Vaena
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Robin Muise-Helmericks
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Paula S Ramos
- Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Russell A Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Andy Wessels
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Mora-Rodríguez JM, Sánchez BG, Bort A, Díaz-Yuste A, Ballester-González R, Arrieta F, Sebastián-Martín A, Díaz-Laviada I. Diabetic individuals with COVID-19 exhibit reduced efficacy of gliptins in inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). A suggested explanation for increased COVID-19 susceptibility in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Life Sci 2024; 336:122292. [PMID: 38030058 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) has been proposed as a coreceptor for SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry. Considering that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been identified as the most important risk factor for SARS-CoV-2, and that gliptins (DPP4 inhibitors) are a prescribed diabetic treatment, this study aims to unravel the impact of DPP4 in the intersection of T2DM/COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 189 serum human samples, divided into six clinical groups (controls, T2DM, T2DM + gliptins, COVID-19, COVID-19 + T2DM, and COVID-19 + T2DM + gliptins), measuring DPP4 protein concentration and activity by Western blot, ELISA, and commercial activity kits. The obtained results were verified in Huh-7 cellular models. KEY FINDINGS Both DPP4 concentration and activity were decreased in COVID-19 patients, and as in T2DM patients, compared to controls. Despite these lower levels, the ratio of DPP4 activity/concentration in COVID-19 sera was the highest (0.782 ± 0.289 μU/ng vs. 0.547 ± 0.050 μU/ng in controls, p < 0.0001), suggesting a compensating mechanism in these patients. Supernatants of Huh-7 cells incubated with COVID-19 serum showed a consistent and significantly lower DPP4 concentration and activity. Furthermore, COVID-19 + T2DM + gliptins patients showed a higher serum DPP4 concentration and activity than T2DM + gliptin subjects (p < 0.05), indicating that sera from COVID-19 convalescents interfere with gliptins. SIGNIFICANCE Either SARS-CoV-2 or some metabolites present in the sera of COVID-19-convalescent patients interact with soluble DPP4 or even gliptins themselves since the inhibitory effect of gliptins on DPP4 activity is being prevented. The interactions between DPP4, gliptins, and SARS-CoV-2 should be further elucidated to reveal the mechanism of action for these interesting observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Mora-Rodríguez
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Belén G Sánchez
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Alicia Bort
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Alba Díaz-Yuste
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Rubén Ballester-González
- Immunology Service, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Arrieta
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Sebastián-Martín
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain.
| | - Inés Díaz-Laviada
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Health Research Institute of Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Spain; Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
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Lyu S, Guo Q, Shen W, Han M, Xiong F, Dai X, Liu L, Bu W, Lou B, Yuan J. Comparative analysis of whole-transcriptome RNA expression of lung tissue of Chinese soft-shell turtle infected by Trionyx sinensis Hemorrhagic Syndrome Virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109236. [PMID: 37992913 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Trionyx sinensis Hemorrhagic Syndrome Virus (TSHSV), the first aquatic arterivirus identified in China, causes severe mortality to T. sinensis. In this study, we sought to determine the functions of T. sinensis mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that were differentially expressed (DE) over different periods of TSHSV infection of T. sinensis lung. We used RT-qPCR to validate the sequencing results of select RNAs, confirming their reliable and referable nature. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to predict multiple biological functions and signaling pathways in various comparison groups (1-day versus mock, 3-day versus 1-day, and 5-day versus 3-day). Multiple types of differentially expressed RNA, including mRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, and miRNA, were associated with cardiac dysfunction, coagulation abnormalities, and arachidonic acid metabolism at day 1. Pre-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory factors such as PLA2G4A, cPLA2, γ-GGT1, TNFRSF14, TCP11L2, PTER CYP2J2 and LTC4S, were noticeably regulated at the same time. On day 3, multiple GO terms and KEGG pathways were implicated, including those related to virus defense, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and inflammatory response. Notably, key genes such as RSAD2, TRIM39, STAT4, CASP1, CASP14, MYD88, CXCL3, CARD11, ZBP1, and ROBO4 exhibited significant regulation. The lncRNAs and circRNAs that targeted the genes involved in viral recognition (TLR5), apoptosis (CARD11), pyroptosis (ZBP1), inflammatory processes (NEK7, RASGRP4, and SELE) and angiogenesis (ROBO4) exhibited significant regulation. Significantly regulated miRNAs were primarily linked to genes involved in apoptosis (Let-7f-3p, miR-1260a, miR-455-3p), and inflammation (miR-146a, miR-125a, miR-17a, miR-301b, and miR-30a-3p). The findings could advance our understanding of the host immunological response to TSHSV and offer new ideas for developing effective strategies to prevent infection of T. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjian Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China
| | - Qi Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China
| | - Mingming Han
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China
| | - Fulei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Dai
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, 258, Xueyuan Street, Xiasha Higher Education Park, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China.
| | - Weishao Bu
- Yunhe County Qingjiang Ecological Trionyx sinensis Breeding Cooperative, Shipu Village, Jinshuitan Town, Yunhe County, Zhejiang, 310018, PR China
| | - Bao Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198, Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, PR China
| | - Julin Yuan
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, 999 South Hangchangqiao Road, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313001, PR China
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Yamada Y, Sato T, Oda H, Harada N, Yoshizawa A, Nishikawa S, Kayawake H, Tanaka S, Yutaka Y, Hamaji M, Nakajima D, Ohsumi A, Date H. Favorable effect of CD26/DPP-4 inhibitors on postoperative outcomes after lung transplantation: A propensity-weighted analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024; 43:66-76. [PMID: 37634575 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown the efficacy of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (CD26/DPP-4) inhibitors, antidiabetic agents, in allograft protection after experimental lung transplantation (LTx). We aimed to elucidate whether CD26/DPP-4 inhibitors effectively improve postoperative outcomes after clinical LTx. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients undergoing LTx at our institution between 2010 and 2021 and extracted records of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) at 6 months post-LTx. The patient characteristics and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. We established 6 months post-LTx as the landmark point for predicting overall survival (OS) and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD)-free survival. Hazard ratios were estimated by Cox regression after propensity score weighting, using CD26/DPP-4 inhibitor treatment up to 6 months post-LTx as the exposure variable. We evaluated CLAD samples pathologically, including for CD26/DPP-4 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Of 102 LTx patients with DM, 29 and 73 were treated with and without CD26/DPP-4 inhibitors, respectively. Based on propensity score adjustment using standardized mortality ratio weighting, the 5-year OS rates were 77.0% and 44.3%, and the 5-year CLAD-free survival rates 77.8% and 49.1%, in patients treated with and without CD26/DPP-4 inhibitors, respectively. The hazard ratio for CD26/DPP-4 inhibitor use was 0.34 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14-0.82, p = 0.017) for OS and 0.47 (95% CI 0.22-1.01, p = 0.054) for CLAD-free survival. We detected CD26/DPP-4 expression in the CLAD grafts of patients without CD26/DPP-4 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Analysis using propensity score weighting showed that CD26/DPP-4 inhibitors positively affected the postoperative prognosis of LTx patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Yamada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Tosiya Sato
- Department of Biostatistics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Oda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norio Harada
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshizawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeto Nishikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenao Kayawake
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satona Tanaka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yutaka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Hamaji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohsumi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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Hua E, Xu D, Chen H, Zhang S, Feng J, Xu L. Development of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 family and its association with lung diseases: a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:7024-7034. [PMID: 38249892 PMCID: PMC10797411 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)4 is a member of a subfamily of serine peptidase S9. DPP4, expressed as a type II transmembrane protein, has a wide tissue distribution and is most active in the lung and small intestine. Many substrates of DPP4 have been identified, including neuropeptides, chemokines, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptides (GIPs). DPP4 inhibitors are clinically useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. DPP9, an N-terminal dipeptide targeting enzyme with proline or alanine, may have DPP4-like activity. DPP9 is ubiquitously expressed at human and rodent messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and therefore may play a role in the immune system and epithelial cells. It has been shown that DPP9 plays an important signaling role in the regulation of survival and proliferation pathways and is also involved in cell migration, apoptosis, and cell adhesion. In recent years, there has been further progress in DPP9 inhibition through activation of apoptosis by the inflammasome sensor protein Nlrp1b. This study aims to investigate the association of DPP4 family members and DPP9 with lung disease. Methods The literature search was initiated using the PubMed database. We searched for the content (DPP4) AND (Lung Diseases), (DPP9) AND (Lung Diseases), from which we filtered the literature we needed. Key Content and Findings Given the high biological activity of the DPP4 family, their involvement in various lung diseases is highly relevant. There is growing evidence for the importance of DPP4 and DPP9 of the DPP4 family in lung diseases, which are closely associated with diseases such as asthma, lung infections, pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and lung cancer. Conclusions This review summarizes most of the current evidence that DPP4/9 is associated with lung disease. Within the DPP4 family, the role of DPP4 in particular in respiratory disease is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ershi Hua
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Six People’s Hospital of Nantong), Nantong, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huamao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liqin Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Chimoriya R, Ho V, Wang ZV, Chang R, Boumelhem BB, Simmons D, Kormas N, Gorrell MD, Piya MK. Application and Diagnostic Performance of Two-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography and Liver Fibrosis Scores in Adults with Class 3 Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 16:74. [PMID: 38201904 PMCID: PMC10780854 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There are no ideal non-invasive tests for assessing the severity of liver fibrosis in people with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and class 3 obesity, where body habitus often makes imaging technically challenging. This study aimed to assess the applicability and diagnostic performance of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), alongside several serum-based liver fibrosis scoring methods, in individuals with class 3 obesity. A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients aged ≥18 years and with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m2 who were participants in a publicly funded multidisciplinary weight management program in South Western Sydney. The 2D-SWE was performed using the ElastQ Imaging (EQI) procedure with the Phillips EPIQ Elite series ultrasound. An EQI Median value of ≥6.43 kPa was taken as a cutoff score for significant fibrosis, and the scan was considered valid when the liver EQI IQR/Med value was <30%. The Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, AST-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), and circulating fibroblast activation protein index (FAP index) were calculated from fasting blood samples. The participants (n = 116; 67.2% female) were aged 47.2 ± 12.9 years, with BMI 54.5 ± 11.0 kg/m2. EQI Median values were obtained for 97.4% (113/116) of the 2D-SWE scans, and 91.4% (106/116) of the scans were considered valid. The EQI Median values exhibited a moderately positive correlation with the FIB-4 index (r = 0.438; p < 0.001) and a weakly positive correlation with the APRI (r = 0.388; p < 0.001), NFS (r = 0.210; p = 0.036) and FAP index (r = 0.226; p = 0.020). All liver fibrosis scores were positively correlated with one another. Among those referred for a liver biopsy based on the 2D-SWE and serum scores, half (11/22) underwent liver biopsy, and their 2D-SWE scores exhibited 72.7% accuracy (sensitivity: 71.4%; specificity: 75%) in detecting significant fibrosis. Our results show that 2D-SWE is a feasible, non-invasive test to assess liver fibrosis among people with class 3 obesity. Further research is needed to assess how 2D-SWE can be used alongside existing serum-based risk scores to reliably detect significant fibrosis, which would potentially reduce the need for invasive liver biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Chimoriya
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (V.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Vincent Ho
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (V.H.); (D.S.)
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (N.K.)
| | - Ziqi Vincent Wang
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Z.V.W.); (B.B.B.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Ruby Chang
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (N.K.)
| | - Badwi B. Boumelhem
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Z.V.W.); (B.B.B.); (M.D.G.)
| | - David Simmons
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (V.H.); (D.S.)
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (N.K.)
| | - Nic Kormas
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (N.K.)
| | - Mark D. Gorrell
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Z.V.W.); (B.B.B.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Milan K. Piya
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (V.H.); (D.S.)
- Camden and Campbelltown Hospitals, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (R.C.); (N.K.)
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Alqahtani QH, Alshehri S, Alhusaini AM, Sarawi WS, Alqarni SS, Mohamed R, Kumar MN, Al-Saab J, Hasan IH. Protective Effects of Sitagliptin on Streptozotocin-Induced Hepatic Injury in Diabetic Rats: A Possible Mechanisms. Diseases 2023; 11:184. [PMID: 38131990 PMCID: PMC10743245 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a ubiquitous disease that causes several complications. It is associated with insulin resistance, which affects the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats and triggers liver diseases such as fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Despite the effectiveness of Sitagliptin (ST) as an antidiabetic drug, its role in diabetes-induced liver injury is yet to be fully investigated. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of ST on hepatic oxidative injury, inflammation, apoptosis, and the mTOR/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced liver injury. Rats were allocated into four groups: two nondiabetic groups, control rats and ST rats (100 mg/kg), and two diabetic groups induced by STZ, and they received either normal saline or ST for 90 days. Diabetic rats showed significant hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and elevation in liver enzymes. After STZ induction, the results revealed remarkable increases in hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation, and hepatocyte degeneration. In addition, STZ upregulated the immunoreactivity of NF-κB/p65, NLRP3, and mTOR but downregulated IKB-α in liver tissue. The use of ST mitigated metabolic and hepatic changes induced by STZ; it also reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and hepatocyte degeneration. The normal expression of NF-κB/p65, NLRP3, mTOR, and IKB-α were restored with ST treatment. Based on that, our study revealed for the first time the hepatoprotective effect of ST that is mediated by controlling inflammation, oxidative stress, and mTOR/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamraa H. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (Q.H.A.); (S.A.); (A.M.A.); (W.S.S.); (J.A.-S.)
| | - Samiyah Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (Q.H.A.); (S.A.); (A.M.A.); (W.S.S.); (J.A.-S.)
| | - Ahlam M. Alhusaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (Q.H.A.); (S.A.); (A.M.A.); (W.S.S.); (J.A.-S.)
| | - Wedad S. Sarawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (Q.H.A.); (S.A.); (A.M.A.); (W.S.S.); (J.A.-S.)
| | - Sana S. Alqarni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Raessa Mohamed
- Department of Histology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Meha N. Kumar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200233, China;
| | - Juman Al-Saab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (Q.H.A.); (S.A.); (A.M.A.); (W.S.S.); (J.A.-S.)
| | - Iman H. Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia; (Q.H.A.); (S.A.); (A.M.A.); (W.S.S.); (J.A.-S.)
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Chu Z, Zhang B, Zhou X, Yuan H, Gao C, Liu L, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Hong J, Liang J, Chen D, Yao N. A DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide coupling asparagine depletion restricts FGFR2 fusion-driven intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102047. [PMID: 37869260 PMCID: PMC10589379 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Pemigatinib, a pan-FGFR inhibitor, is approved to treat intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) harboring FGFR2 fusion mutations. Improving its targeting of FGFR2 fusions remains an unmet clinical need due to its pan selectivity and resistance. Here, we report a cholesterol-conjugated DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide targeting the chimeric site in FGFR2-AHCYL1 (F-A Cho-HDO) that accumulates in ICC through endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which is highly expressed in both human and murine ICC. F-A Cho-HDO was determined to be a highly specific, sustainable, and well-tolerated agent for inhibiting ICC progression through posttranscriptional suppression of F-A in ICC patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Moreover, we identified an EGFR-orchestrated bypass signaling axis that partially offset the efficacy of F-A Cho-HDO. Mechanistically, EGFR-induced STAT1 upregulation promoted asparagine (Asn) synthesis through direct transcriptional upregulation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) and dictated cell survival by preventing p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. Asn restriction with ASNase or ASNS inhibitors reduced the intracellular Asn, thereby reactivating p53 and sensitizing ICC to F-A Cho-HDO. Our findings highlight the application of genetic engineering therapies in ICC harboring FGFR2 fusions and reveal an axis of adaptation to FGFR2 inhibition that presents a rationale for the clinical evaluation of a strategy combining FGFR2 inhibitors with Asn depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Chu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Baohuan Zhang
- Morphology Experimental Teaching Center, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xuxuan Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516001, China
| | - Chongqing Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Lihao Liu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jichun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jian Hong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
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Chang K, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhang W, Xu N, Zeng B, Wang Y, Feng T, Dai B, Xu F, Ye D, Wang C. DPP9 Stabilizes NRF2 to Suppress Ferroptosis and Induce Sorafenib Resistance in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3940-3955. [PMID: 37713596 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-4001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The KEAP1-NRF2 axis is the principal regulator of cellular responses to oxidative and electrophilic stressors. NRF2 hyperactivation is frequently observed in many types of cancer and promotes cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance to various therapies. Here, we determined that dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is a regulator of the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). DPP9 was markedly overexpressed at the mRNA and protein levels in ccRCC, and high DPP9 expression levels correlated with advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis in patients with ccRCC. Protein affinity purification to identify functional partners of DPP9 revealed that it bound to KEAP1 via a conserved ESGE motif. DPP9 disrupted KEAP1-NRF2 binding by competing with NRF2 for binding to KEAP1 in an enzyme-independent manner. Upregulation of DPP9 led to stabilization of NRF2, driving NRF2-dependent transcription and thereby decreasing cellular reactive oxygen species levels. Moreover, DPP9 overexpression suppressed ferroptosis and induced resistance to sorafenib in ccRCC cells, which was largely dependent on the NRF2 transcriptional target SLC7A11. Collectively, these findings indicate that the accumulation of DPP9 results in hyperactivation of the NRF2 pathway to promote tumorigenesis and intrinsic drug resistance in ccRCC. SIGNIFICANCE DPP9 overcomes oxidative stress and suppresses ferroptosis in ccRCC by binding to KEAP1 and promoting NRF2 stability, which drives tumor development and sorafenib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yingji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuanzhi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bohan Zeng
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fujiang Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chenji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Wang K, Chen XY, Zhang B, Yue Y, Wen XL, Yang Y, Yang YS, Zhu HL, Liu HJ, Zhang AG. Near-infrared imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma and its medicinal treatment with a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-monitoring fluorescence probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115721. [PMID: 37788579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the Near-infrared imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its medicinal treatment was achieved with a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)-monitoring fluorescence probe KYZ-GGT which consisted of the typical recognition group γ-glutamyl and the structurally modified signal reporting group hemicyanine-thioxanthene. Compared with the recently reported probes, KYZ-GGT suggested practical and steady capability for monitoring the GGT level in the cellular, xenograft, induced as well as medicinal treatment HCC models. It realized the mitochondrial targeting intracellular imaging to reflect the GGT dynamics in the induction or medicinal treatment of HCC. In the xenograft and induced model mice with multiple factors, KYZ-GGT showed stable performance for visualizing the HCC status. In the medicinal treatment of the long-period-induced HCC model mice verified by the serum indexes and histopathological analysis, KYZ-GGT successfully imaged the medicinal treatment process of HCC with two marketed drugs (Sorafenib and Lenvatinib) respectively, with an applicative penetration depth. The information here was meaningful for investigating effective medicinal strategies for overcoming HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu-Yang Chen
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wen
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
| | - Ai-Guo Zhang
- Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
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Dekempeneer Y, Massa S, Santens F, Navarro L, Berdal M, Lucero MM, Pombo Antunes AR, Lahoutte T, Van Ginderachter JA, Devoogdt N, D'Huyvetter M. Preclinical Evaluation of a Radiotheranostic Single-Domain Antibody Against Fibroblast Activation Protein α. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1941-1948. [PMID: 38040444 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein α (FAP) is highly expressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts of epithelial-derived cancers. Breast, colon, and pancreatic tumors often show strong desmoplastic reactions, which result in a dominant presence of stromal cells. FAP has gained interest as a target for molecular imaging and targeted therapies. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) are the smallest antibody-derived fragments with beneficial pharmacokinetic properties for molecular imaging and targeted therapy. Methods: We describe the generation, selection, and characterization of a sdAb against FAP. In mice, we assessed its imaging and therapeutic potential after radiolabeling with tracer-dose 131I and 68Ga for SPECT and PET imaging, respectively, and with 131I and 225Ac for targeted radionuclide therapy. Results: The lead sdAb, 4AH29, exhibiting picomolar affinity for a distinct FAP epitope, recognized both purified and membrane-bound FAP protein. Radiolabeled versions, including [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-4AH29, [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-4AH29, and [131I]I-guanidinomethyl iodobenzoate (GMIB)-4AH29, displayed radiochemical purities exceeding 95% and effectively bound to recombinant human FAP protein and FAP-positive GM05389 human fibroblasts. These radiolabeled compounds exhibited rapid and specific accumulation in human FAP-positive U87-MG glioblastoma tumors, with low but specific uptake in lymph nodes, uterus, bone, and skin (∼2-3 percentage injected activity per gram of tissue [%IA/g]). Kidney clearance of unbound [131I]I-GMIB-4AH29 was fast (<1 %IA/g after 24 h), whereas [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-4AH29 exhibited slower clearance (8.07 ± 1.39 %IA/g after 24 h and 2.47 ± 0.18 %IA/g after 96 h). Mice treated with [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-4AH29 and [131I]I-GMIB-4AH29 demonstrated prolonged survival compared with those receiving vehicle solution. Conclusion: [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-4AH29 and [131I]I-GMIB-4AH29 enable precise FAP-positive tumor detection in mice. Therapeutic [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-4AH29 and [131I]I-GMIB-4AH29 exhibit strong and sustained tumor targeting, resulting in dose-dependent therapeutic effects in FAP-positive tumor-bearing mice, albeit with kidney toxicity observed later for [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-4AH29. This study confirms the potential of radiolabeled sdAb 4AH29 as a radiotheranostic agent for FAP-positive cancers, warranting clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tony Lahoutte
- Precirix NV/SA, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; and
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Precirix NV/SA, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- Precirix NV/SA, Brussels, Belgium;
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Kandekar S, Punatar S, Khattry N, Gokarn A, Jindal N, Mirgh S, Chichra A, Tembhare P, Rane P, Gawde J, Mathew L, Patil A, Chiplunkar S, Kode J. Low levels of CD26 on certain cellular subtypes of donor harvest is associated with better clinical outcomes post allogeneic stem cell transplantation through regulation of NF-κB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111054. [PMID: 37890379 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We had previously reported significant association of immunoectoenzyme CD26 expression on donor harvest with acute Graft-versus-Host-Disease (aGVHD) in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) patients. The current study was aimed at analysing CD26 signaling pathway molecules and understanding their impact on immune reconstitution and clinical outcomes post-ASCT. SUBJECTS AND METHODOLOGY The study cohort included 26 transplant donors/patients who underwent reduced intensity (n = 21), myeloablative (n = 4) and non-myeloablative (n = 1) ASCT for hematological malignancies. Donors were matched related donors (n = 19) and haploidentical donors (n = 7). Surface expression of CD26, CD73 and ADA, and various immune cell subtypes were assessed by multicolour-flow cytometry. Soluble CD26 (sCD26) and cytokine levels were measured in plasma samples by ELISA and Multiplex Luminex assay, respectively. Immune cells from healthy individuals were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the presence or absence of CD26 inhibitor. Effect of CD26 inhibition on NF-κB localization in PHA stimulated cells was analysed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Pro-inflammatory cytokines from the culture supernatants were detected with Cytometric bead array flow cytometry. Association of all measured markers with clinical outcomes was evaluated using appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS CD26 surface expression on PBSC donor harvest cells showed increased risk of chronic GVHD (cGVHD, p = 0.055). Amongst the various immune cell subtypes, decreased B cells in harvest showed significant association with aGVHD (p = 0.022) whereas increased myeloid dendritic cells and CD3+T cells at Day100 in peripheral blood of transplant recipients correlated with cGVHD (p = 0.046) and aGVHD (p = 0.035), respectively. Further, high sCD26 in transplant recipients at Day100 exhibited association with reduced event-free survival (EFS) (p = 0.011). Higher CD26 expression on more & less mature NK cells, naïve & post-switched memory B cells and Treg cells in the donor harvest (p < 0.05) led to lower EFS in transplant recipients. Mechanistically, CD26 inhibitor caused dose-dependent reduction in CD26 enzyme activity and in pro-inflammatory cytokine production in post mitogen-stimulated T cell cultures. CONCLUSION Our study has implicated that lower CD26 expression on immune cell subtypes of the donor stem cell harvest is associated with reduced risk of GVHD and better survival. The underlying mechanism was found to be through NF-κB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Based on these observations, chemically designed or natural resources-based CD26 inhibitors can be explored further in clinical trials for improving ASCT outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Kandekar
- Kode Lab, Tumor Immunology & Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sachin Punatar
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Navin Khattry
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Anant Gokarn
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Nishant Jindal
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sumeet Mirgh
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Akanksha Chichra
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Prashant Tembhare
- Hematopathology Lab, Clinical Research Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Pallavi Rane
- Clinical Research Secretariat, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Jitendra Gawde
- Clinical Research Secretariat, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Libin Mathew
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Anand Patil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shubhada Chiplunkar
- Chiplunkar Lab, Tumor Immunology & Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Jyoti Kode
- Kode Lab, Tumor Immunology & Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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Drakul M, Čolić M. Immunomodulatory activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in immune-related diseases. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250302. [PMID: 37732495 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), also known as CD26, is a 110-kDa cell surface glycoprotein with enzymatic and signal transducing activity. DPP-4/CD26 is expressed by various cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and NK cells. DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) were introduced to clinics in 2006 as new oral antihyperglycemic drugs approved for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. In addition to glucose-lowering effects, emerging data, from clinical studies and their animal models, suggest that DPP-4i could display anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects as well, but the molecular and immunological mechanisms of these actions are insufficiently investigated. This review focuses on the modulatory activity of DPP-4i in the immune system and the possible application of DPP-4i in other immune-related diseases in patients with or without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Drakul
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
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49
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Liu Z, Zhou H, Li P, Wang Z, Tu T, Ezzi SHA, Kota VG, Hasan Abdulla MHA, Alhaskawi A, Dong Y, Huang Y, Dong M, Su X, Lu H. Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeted PET/CT With Al 18F-NODA-FAPI-04 for In Vivo Imaging of Tendon Healing in Rat Achilles Tendon Injury Models. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:3790-3801. [PMID: 37975494 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231208843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has shown high expression in inflammatory responses and fibrosis. HYPOTHESIS We speculated that FAP could serve as a diagnostic and monitoring target in the tendon healing process. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a tendon crush group and a half-partial tendon laceration group. Four rats in each group were injected with radiotracers weekly for 4 weeks after surgery, with aluminum fluoride-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N″-triacetic acid-conjugated FAP inhibitor (Al18F-NODA-FAPI-04) administered on the first day of each week and 18F-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) on the next day. Small animal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was performed, and tendon tissue was collected for pathology and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis each week after surgery. RESULTS One week after surgery, both radiotracers showed signal concentration at the lesion site, which was the highest radioactive uptake observed during 4 weeks postoperatively, consistent with the severity of the lesion. Consistent trends were observed for inflammatory cytokines during qRT-PCR analysis. Additionally, Al18F-NODA-FAPI-04 PET exhibited a more precise lesion pattern, attributed to its high specificity for naive fibroblasts when referring to histological findings. Over time, the uptake of both radiotracers at the injury site gradually decreased, with 18F-FDG experiencing a more rapid decrease than Al18F-NODA-FAPI-04. In the fourth week after surgery, the maximum standardized uptake values of Al18F-NODA-FAPI-04 in the injured lesion almost reverted to the baseline levels, indicating a substantial decrease in naive fibroblasts and inflammatory cells and a reduction in inflammation and fibrosis, especially compared with the first week. Corresponding trends were also revealed in pathological and qRT-PCR results. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that inflammation is a prominent feature during the early stage of tendon injury. Al18F-NODA-FAPI-04 PET allows accurate localization and provides detailed morphological imaging, enabling continuous monitoring of the healing progress and assessment of injury severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Liu
- PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, MMed Province, P.R. China
- Investigation performed at The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, China PR
| | - Haiying Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Investigation performed at The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, China PR
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Investigation performed at The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, China PR
| | - Zewei Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Investigation performed at The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, China PR
| | - Tian Tu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Investigation performed at The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, China PR
| | - Sohaib Hasan Abdullah Ezzi
- Department of Orthopaedics of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- Investigation performed at The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, China PR
| | - Vishnu Goutham Kota
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Investigation performed at The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, China PR
| | - Mohamed Hasan Abdulla Hasan Abdulla
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Investigation performed at The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, China PR
| | - Ahmad Alhaskawi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Investigation performed at The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, China PR
| | - Yanzhao Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Investigation performed at The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, China PR
| | - Yuqiao Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Investigation performed at The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, China PR
| | - Mengjie Dong
- PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Investigation performed at The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, China PR
| | - Xinhui Su
- PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Investigation performed at The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, China PR
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Investigation performed at The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangZhou, ZheJiang Province, China PR
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Chang X, Ding X, Wang J, Cai Q, Wang G, Liu J. The serum concentration and activity of DPP4 is positively related with the severity of hyperthyroidism in patients with Graves' disease. Ann Med 2023; 55:2226910. [PMID: 37350750 PMCID: PMC10291917 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2226910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Graves' disease (GD) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease. The production of anti-thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) is associated with a loss of immune tolerance. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is expressed on multiple immune cells. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum concentration/activity of DPP4 and the severity of hyperthyroidism in GD patients. METHODS A total of 82 newly diagnosed drug-naive patients with GD hyperthyroidism, 20 patients with non-autoimmune thyrotoxicosis and 122 age- and sex- matched healthy controls were enrolled. The clinical parameters and serum concentration and activity of DPP4 were measured. RESULTS The GD group had increased serum concentration and activity of DPP4 than the healthy controls and patients with non-autoimmune thyrotoxicosis, while no significant difference was observed in the latter two groups. Multivariate linear regression indicated that the serum concentration/activity of DPP4 were positively associated with FT3, FT4 and TRAb levels in the GD patients. And the positive association between serum concentration/activity of DPP4 and TRAb was remained even after adjustment for confounding factors (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The GD patients had significantly increased serum concentration/activity of DPP4. And the serum concentration/activity of DPP4 was positively associated with the severity of hyperthyroidism in GD patients.Key messagesThe activity and concentration of DPP4 in patients with Graves' disease were higher than those in healthy controls.There was a significant positive correlation between serum DPP4 concentration and TRAb levels in patients with Graves' disease.In patients with Graves 'disease, serum DPP4 activity was positively correlated with TRAb levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyun Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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