1
|
Giri PS, Begum R, Dwivedi M. Meta-analysis for association of TNFA-308(G > A) SNP with vitiligo susceptibility. Gene 2022; 809:146027. [PMID: 34673212 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune progressive skin depigmenting disease. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and plays a crucial role in vitiligo development. Since there are conflicting results and consensus is lacking for the association of the TNFA gene -308 G > A polymorphism with vitiligo susceptibility; we performed a meta-analysis of all the available studies to investigate the association of TNFA -308 G > A polymorphism with vitiligo risk. 11 studies involving 2199 vitiligo patients and 3083 controls were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed an increased vitiligo risk with "AA", "GA" and "AA" + "GA" genotypes and 'A' allele in the overall (p = 0.006, p = 0.003, p = 0.001 & p = 0.003) and Egyptian populations (p = 0.001, p < 0.00001, p < 0.00001 & p = 0.002). Moreover, we found association for "GA" and "AA" + "GA" genotypes in Asian population (p = 0.0009 & p = 0.005) and for 'A' allele in Asian and middle eastern populations (p = 0.04 & p = 0.0002). Interestingly the disease activity based analysis revealed significant association for "GA", "AA" + "GA" genotypes and 'A' allele with active vitiligo patients in the North American population (p = 0.02). Moreover, we found significant association for "GA", "AA" + "GA" genotypes and 'A' allele with localized vitiligo in overall (p = 0.02, p = 0.02 & p = 0.04) and Asian (p = 0.004, p = 0.003 & p = 0.01) populations. Overall, our meta-analysis suggests the involvement of susceptible 'A' allele with: i) vitiligo susceptibility in overall population and specifically with Asian, Middle Eastern and Egyptian populations; ii) vitiligo disease activity in North American population and iii) localized vitiligo in overall population and specifically in Asian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S Giri
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Begum R. The Immunogenetics of Vitiligo: An Approach Toward Revealing the Secret of Depigmentation. Adv Exp Med Biol 2022; 1367:61-103. [PMID: 35286692 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a hypomelanotic skin disease and considered to be of autoimmune origin due to breaching of immunological self-tolerance, resulting in inappropriate immune responses against melanocytes. The development of vitiligo includes a strong heritable component. Different strategies ranging from linkage studies to genome-wide association studies are used to explore the genetic factors responsible for the disease. Several vitiligo loci containing the respective genes have been identified which contribute to vitiligo and genetic variants for some of the genes are still unknown. These genes include mainly the proteins that play a role in immune regulation and a few other genes important for apoptosis and regulation of melanocyte functions. Despite the available data on genetic variants and risk alleles which influence the biological processes, only few immunological pathways have been found responsible for all ranges of severity and clinical manifestations of vitiligo. However, studies have concluded that vitiligo is of autoimmune origin and manifests due to complex interactions in immune components and their inappropriate response toward melanocytes. The genes involved in the immune regulation and processing the melanocytes antigen and its presentation can serve as effective immune-therapeutics that can target specific immunological pathways involved in vitiligo. This chapter highlights those immune-regulatory genes involved in vitiligo susceptibility and loci identified to date and their implications in vitiligo pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat, 394350, Gujarat, India.
| | - Naresh C Laddha
- In Vitro Specialty Lab Pvt. Ltd, 205-210, Golden Triangle, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tiwari S, Dwivedi M, Rathod S, Bahadur P. Immunomodulation and Anticancer Immunity: Reviewing the Potential of Probiotics and Their Delivery with Macromolecular Carriers. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2022; 39:97-120. [PMID: 35378015 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2021040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics colonize in the gastrointestinal tract and regulate the homeostasis in healthy human hosts. These protect the host against putrefactive organisms and secrete soluble factors exhibiting important transductive roles. However, constitutive processes in human host are deregulated following dysbiosis caused during prolonged exposure to cytotoxic agents and pollutants. Apart from restoring the homeostasis, probiotic administration has shown to minimize carcinogenesis and post-surgery complications in cancer patients. Moreover, ability of microbial cells to colonize at tumor foci can be harnessed to deliver genes, therapeutic proteins and antibodies in a selective manner. In this review, we have discussed immunomodulatory roles of probiotics in context to cancer prevention. The article further proposes the use of dietary interventions for boosting anticancer immunity and as an alternative to detrimental chemotherapeutic agents. After summarizing clinical evidences on probiotic efficacy, formulation approaches have been described for effective delivery of the microorganisms. The literature shows that polysaccharide matrices can be employed to achieve the survivability of probiotics. Formulation approaches have been reviewed together with the risks associated with the migration of live microorganisms to systemic circulation and their ability of transmitting antibiotic resistance factors into human pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat, Gujarat 394350, India
| | - Sachin Rathod
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat, Gujarat 394350, India
| | - Pratap Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Giri PS, Shah F, Gupta B, Dhangar A, Pathak VN, Desai B, Dwivedi M. Genetic association of interleukin-4 VNTR polymorphism with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in South Gujarat population. Gene Reports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
5
|
Shah F, Patel S, Begum R, Dwivedi M. Emerging role of Tissue Resident Memory T cells in vitiligo: From pathogenesis to therapeutics. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102868. [PMID: 34118458 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmenting disorder which affects both skin and mucous membranes and autoimmunity has been strongly suggested to play a role in loss of melanocytes. The recurrence of skin macules at the same sites where they were observed prior to the treatment, suggests the existence of Tissue Resident Memory T cells (TRMs) that persist within the skin or peripheral tissues with a longer survivability. Emerging studies have shown that reactivation of these skin TRMs results into autoreactive TRM cells in various autoimmune diseases including vitiligo. This review focuses on different subsets (CD8+ TRMs and CD4+ TRMs) of TRM cells, their retention and survivability in the skin along with their pathomechanisms leading to melanocyte death and progression of vitiligo. In addition, the review describes the TRM cells as potential targets for developing effective therapeutics of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firdosh Shah
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat 394350, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivani Patel
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat 394350, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat 394350, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh M, Mansuri MS, Kadam A, Palit SP, Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Begum R. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha affects melanocyte survival and melanin synthesis via multiple pathways in vitiligo. Cytokine 2021; 140:155432. [PMID: 33517195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a major mediator of inflammation and its increased levels have been analyzed in vitiligo patients. Vitiligo is a depigmentary skin disarray caused due to disapperance of functional melanocytes. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of TNF-α in melanocyte biology, analyzing candidate molecules of melanocytes and immune homeostasis. Our results showed increased TNF-α transcripts in vitiligenous lesional and non-lesional skin. Melanocytes upon exogenous stimulation with TNF-α exhibited a significant reduction in cell viability with elevated cellular and mitochondrial ROS and compromised complex I activity. Moreover, we observed a reduction in melanin content via shedding of dendrites, down-regulation of MITF-M, TYR and up-regulation of TNFR1, IL6, ICAM1 expression, whereas TNFR2 levels remain unaltered. TNF-α exposure stimulated cell apoptosis at 48 h and autophagy at 12 h, elevating ATG12 and BECN1 transcripts. Our novel findings establish the functional link between autophagy and melanocyte destruction. Overall, our study suggests a key function of TNF-α in melanocyte homeostasis and autoimmune vitiligo pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mala Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohmmad Shoab Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sayantani P Palit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Naresh C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Giri PS, Patel S, Begum R, Dwivedi M. Association of FOXP3 and GAGE10 promoter polymorphisms and decreased FOXP3 expression in regulatory T cells with susceptibility to generalized vitiligo in Gujarat population. Gene 2021; 768:145295. [PMID: 33181260 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in regulatory T (Treg) cells have been observed in generalized vitiligo (GV) patients and decreased Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3) has been implicated in the disease pathogenesis. The present study examined FOXP3 rs3761547(A > G), rs3761548(C > A), rs2232365(A > G) and GAGE10 rs11798415(A > T) promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 419 GV patients and 429 controls from Gujarat population using PCR-RFLP and ARMS-PCR. Real-time PCR and flow cytometry were used for assessment of FOXP3 mRNA and protein levels respectively in 96 GV patients and 90 controls. The frequency of genotypes (p < 0.001) and alleles (p = 0.012 & p = 0.040) for rs3761547(A > G) and rs11798415(A > T) SNPs significantly differed between GV patients and controls. FOXP3 mRNA and protein levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in GV Tregs compared to controls. Active vitiligo (AV) Tregs showed significantly reduced FOXP3 mRNA and protein levels compared to that of stable vitiligo (SV) (p = 0.02 & p = 0.039). The correlation of genotype-phenotype of FOXP3 SNPs suggested reduced FOXP3 mRNA (p = 0.019, p < 0.001 & p < 0.001) and protein (p = 0.028, p < 0.001 & p = 0.022) levels in patients with susceptible GG, AA and GG genotypes respectively. The GAGT, GCGT & ACGT haplotypes were prevalent in GV patients (p = 0.004, p = 0.004 & p = 0.016); however, GAGT & GCGT were overrepresented in patients with AV (p = 0.044 & p = 0.024). The susceptible GAGT and GCGT haplotypes in patients exhibited reduction in FOXP3 mRNA (p = 0.014 & p = 0.019) and protein (p = 0.024 & p = 0.028). DNA-protein docking analysis revealed reduced binding for transcription factor C/EBP to the susceptible allele 'G' (rs3761547) compared to A allele. For the first time, the study suggests significant association of FOXP3 rs3761547(A > G) & GAGE10 rs11798415(A > T) SNPs with susceptibility to GV in Gujarat population. In addition, the likely role of these SNPs in altered FOXP3 expression of Tregs may possibly affect Treg suppressive function in GV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S Giri
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Shivani Patel
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shah F, Dwivedi M, Parikh CV. Promising anti-sickling and fetal hemoglobin inducing effects of Boerhavia diffusa root extract on sickle cell erythrocytes. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
9
|
Giri PS, Dwivedi M, Begum R. Decreased suppression of CD8 + and CD4 + T cells by peripheral regulatory T cells in generalized vitiligo due to reduced NFATC1 and FOXP3 proteins. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:759-775. [PMID: 32682346 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the suppression of activated T cells in generalized vitiligo (GV). The study was aimed to investigate Tregs functional defects in Treg:CD8+ and Treg:CD4+ T cells' co-culture systems of 55 GV patients and 45 controls. CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU assay; production of IL-10, TGF-β and IFN-γ cytokines was assessed by ELISA; and FOXP3, CD25, NFATC1 and CD44 proteins were measured by flow cytometry. Generalized vitiligo patients showed reduced suppression of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells (P = .0384, P = .0084), increased IFN-γ (P < .0001, P = .0019), decreased IL-10 and TGF-β (P < .0001) and decreased FOXP3, CD25 and NFATC1 proteins (P < .0001). Active vitiligo (AV) patients showed reduced suppression of CD8+ & CD4+ T cells (P = .006, P = .015), increased IFN-γ (P = .036, P = .045), decreased IL-10 (P = .009, P = .021), FOXP3 (P = .0244) and NFATC1 (P = .019). Severe GV (50%-75% VASI) patients showed reduced suppression of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells (P = .0003, P = .001), increased IFN-γ (P = .0029, P < .0001), decreased IL-10 (P = .0057, P = .0017), FOXP3 (P = .002) and NFATC1 (P = .0347). VASI score was positively correlated with the suppression of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells (P = .0006, P < .0001), IL-10 (P = .0096, P = .029), FOXP3 (P = .0008) and NFATC1 (P = .043), whereas it was negatively correlated with IFN-γ (P = .0029, P = .0017). Early age of onset patients' Tregs demonstrated decreased suppression of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells (P = .0156, P = .0074), decreased TGF-β (P = .0212, P = .0083) and NFATC1 (P = .0103). NFATC1 was positively correlated with FOXP3 in Tregs (P < .0001). Our results suggest impaired Tregs suppressive function in GV patients due to decreased NFATC1, FOXP3, CD25, IL-10 and TGF-β resulting into increased CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. For the first time, decreased NFATC1 levels were correlated with decreased FOXP3, thereby altering Treg cell function in GV patients. Additionally, decreased Treg cell function also affected onset, activity and severity of GV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S Giri
- Faculty of Science, C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Faculty of Science, C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Giri PS, Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Begum R, Bharti AH. Altered expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells, forkhead box P3, and immune-suppressive genes in regulatory T cells of generalized vitiligo patients. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020; 33:566-578. [PMID: 31917889 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The study was aimed to analyze expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATs), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and their associated genes (sCTLA4, flCTLA4, IL10, TGFB, IL2, IL4, CD25) in regulatory T cells (Tregs) of 48 generalized vitiligo (GV) patients and 45 unaffected controls. The transcripts of NFATC1 to NFATC4, FOXP3, IL10, flCTLA4 (p < .0001), NFAT5 (p = .0003), sCTLA4 (p = .001), and FOXP3 protein in Tregs and plasma IL-10 levels were reduced significantly (p < .0001) in GV Tregs compared to controls. The FOXP3 promoter polymorphisms [rs3761548(C > A), rs3761547(A > G), and rs2232365(A > G)] revealed significantly decreased FOXP3 protein levels in patients' Tregs with susceptible AA, GG, and GG genotypes (p < .0001, p = .028, p = .022, respectively). The active vitiligo Tregs showed reduced levels of NFATC3, NFATC4, NFAT5, FOXP3, TGFB, and flCTLA4 transcripts (p = .0005, p = .0003, p = .0002, p = .020, p < .0001, p = .006, respectively) and FOXP3 and TGF-β proteins (p = .0394 and p = .0013) compared to stable vitiligo. Early-onset patients (1-20 years) demonstrated decreased IL-10, sCTLA-4, flCTLA-4, TGFB, and FOXP3 transcripts and FOXP3 protein as compared to late-onset patients (41-60 years) (p = .001, p = .003, p = .009, p = .005, p = .038, p = .0226, respectively). Overall, our results for the first time suggest a likely role of NFATs and FOXP3 together with Treg immune-suppressive genes in GV pathogenesis and disease progression, warranting additional investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S Giri
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, India
| | | | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive blood disorder which occurs due to point mutation in the β-globin chain of hemoglobin. Since the past decades, various therapies have been put forth, which are based on obstructing pathophysiological mechanisms of SCD including inhibition of Gardos channel and cation fluxes which in turn prevents sickle erythrocyte destruction and dehydration. The pharmacological approaches are based on the mechanism of reactivating γ-globin expression by utilizing fetal hemoglobin (HbF)-inducing drugs such as hydroxyurea. In SCD, gene therapy could be considered as a promising tool which involves modifying mutation at the gene-specific target by either promoting insertion or deletion of globins. Although there are various therapies emerged so far in the treatment of SCD, many of them have faced a major setback in most of developing countries in terms of cost, unavailability of expertise, and suitable donor. Therefore, in addition to pathophysiological aspects, this review will discuss new advancements and approaches made in the therapeutic domain of SCD including a viewpoint of modulating hemoglobin in SCD by the intervention of probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firdosh Shah
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Gopal Vidyanagar, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Dist. Surat, Tarsadi, Bardoli, Gujarat, 394350, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Gopal Vidyanagar, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Dist. Surat, Tarsadi, Bardoli, Gujarat, 394350, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Patel N, Dwivedi M, Jadeja S, Begum R; C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Gujarat - 394 350, India., C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Gujarat - 394 350, India., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat - 390 002, India., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat - 390 002, India. Antibacterial Activity of Marine Bacterial Pigments Obtained from Arabian Sea Water Samples. J Pure Appl Microbiol 2020; 14:517-26. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
13
|
Giri PS, Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Begum R, Bharti AH. Altered expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells, forkhead box P3, and immune-suppressive genes in regulatory T cells of generalized vitiligo patients. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020. [PMID: 31917889 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12862.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed to analyze expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATs), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and their associated genes (sCTLA4, flCTLA4, IL10, TGFB, IL2, IL4, CD25) in regulatory T cells (Tregs) of 48 generalized vitiligo (GV) patients and 45 unaffected controls. The transcripts of NFATC1 to NFATC4, FOXP3, IL10, flCTLA4 (p < .0001), NFAT5 (p = .0003), sCTLA4 (p = .001), and FOXP3 protein in Tregs and plasma IL-10 levels were reduced significantly (p < .0001) in GV Tregs compared to controls. The FOXP3 promoter polymorphisms [rs3761548(C > A), rs3761547(A > G), and rs2232365(A > G)] revealed significantly decreased FOXP3 protein levels in patients' Tregs with susceptible AA, GG, and GG genotypes (p < .0001, p = .028, p = .022, respectively). The active vitiligo Tregs showed reduced levels of NFATC3, NFATC4, NFAT5, FOXP3, TGFB, and flCTLA4 transcripts (p = .0005, p = .0003, p = .0002, p = .020, p < .0001, p = .006, respectively) and FOXP3 and TGF-β proteins (p = .0394 and p = .0013) compared to stable vitiligo. Early-onset patients (1-20 years) demonstrated decreased IL-10, sCTLA-4, flCTLA-4, TGFB, and FOXP3 transcripts and FOXP3 protein as compared to late-onset patients (41-60 years) (p = .001, p = .003, p = .009, p = .005, p = .038, p = .0226, respectively). Overall, our results for the first time suggest a likely role of NFATs and FOXP3 together with Treg immune-suppressive genes in GV pathogenesis and disease progression, warranting additional investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S Giri
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, India
| | | | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kurkutia D, Mistry N, Dwivedi M. Probiotic Properties and In vitro Biosafety Assessment of Human Breast Milk Isolates. J Pure Appl Microbiol 2019; 13:1121-34. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
15
|
Dwivedi M, Patel DN, Pathak VN, Laddha NC, Begum R, Desai B. Insertion-deletion polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in South Gujarat population. Gene Reports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
16
|
Thadani J, Dwivedi M, Mansuri MS, Singh M, Bhatwadekar S, Barot B, Begum R, Salunke S. Role of TNF −308 G/A, TNFβ +252 A/G and IL10 −592 C/A and −1082 G/A SNPs in pathogenesis of Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura in population of Gujarat, India. Gene Reports 2018; 12:304-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
17
|
Mansuri MS, Jadeja SD, Singh M, Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Begum R. The catalase gene promoter and 5'-untranslated region variants lead to altered gene expression and enzyme activity in vitiligo. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1590-1600. [PMID: 28542879 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is considered to be the initial event in the course of vitiligo. The enzyme catalase (CAT) is mainly involved in cellular defence against oxidizing agents through detoxifying H2 O2 . OBJECTIVES The aims were (i) to assess erythrocyte CAT enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels as well as CAT mRNA expression in skin and blood; (ii) to investigate CAT gene promoter rs7943316, rs1001179, 5'-untranslated region rs1049982, and exon (rs17886350, rs11032709, rs17880442, rs35677492) polymorphisms; and (iii) to perform genotype/haplotype-phenotype correlation analyses in patients with vitiligo and controls from Gujarat. METHODS CAT activity and LPO levels were measured spectrophotometrically. CAT mRNA levels were estimated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by the SYBR Green method. Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was performed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and amplification-refractory mutation system-PCR analyses. RESULTS Patients with vitiligo showed significantly decreased CAT mRNA expression in lesional and nonlesional skin and in blood, with reduced CAT activity compared with that of controls. CAT -89A/T and -20T/C polymorphisms were significantly associated with patients, especially with active and generalized vitiligo, whereas no association was observed for -262G/A and exon polymorphisms. The A-262 T-89 C-20 haplotype with variant alleles was found to be associated with 6·4-fold risk of vitiligo. Genotype/haplotype-phenotype correlation analyses revealed that individuals with susceptible genotypes/haplotype for CAT -89A/T and -20T/C polymorphisms showed significantly decreased CAT mRNA/activity, and only -89A/T polymorphisms showed significantly increased LPO levels compared with wild-type genotypes/haplotype. CONCLUSIONS The present study proposes the crucial role of CAT and its allelic variants in oxidative stress-mediated pathogenesis of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - S D Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - M Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - N C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - M Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - R Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jubin T, Kadam A, Gani AR, Singh M, Dwivedi M, Begum R. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1: Beyond transcription and towards differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 63:167-179. [PMID: 27476447 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene regulation mediates the processes of cellular development and differentiation leading to the origin of different cell types each having their own signature gene expression profile. However, the compact chromatin structure and the timely recruitment of molecules involved in various signaling pathways are of prime importance for temporal and spatial gene regulation that eventually contribute towards cell type and specificity. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a 116-kDa nuclear multitasking protein is involved in modulation of chromatin condensation leading to altered gene expression. In response to activation signals, it adds ADP-ribose units to various target proteins including itself, thus regulating various key cellular processes like DNA repair, cell death, transcription, mRNA splicing etc. This review provides insights into the role of PARP-1 in gene regulation, cell differentiation and multicellular morphogenesis. In addition, the review also explores involvement of PARP-1 in immune cells development and therapeutic possibilities to treat various human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jubin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Amina Rafath Gani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India; Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046 Telangana, India
| | - Mala Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India; C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, Gujarat 394350, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jadeja SD, Mansuri MS, Singh M, Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Begum R. A case-control study on association of proteasome subunit beta 8 (PSMB8) and transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) polymorphisms and their transcript levels in vitiligo from Gujarat. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180958. [PMID: 28700671 PMCID: PMC5507292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmunity has been implicated in the destruction of melanocytes from vitiligo skin. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-II linked genes proteasome subunit beta 8 (PSMB8) and transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1), involved in antigen processing and presentation have been reported to be associated with several autoimmune diseases including vitiligo. OBJECTIVES To explore PSMB8 rs2071464 and TAP1 rs1135216 single nucleotide polymorphisms and to estimate the expression of PSMB8 and TAP1 in patients with vitiligo and unaffected controls from Gujarat. METHODS PSMB8 rs2071464 polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and TAP1 rs1135216 polymorphism was genotyped by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) in 378 patients with vitiligo and 509 controls. Transcript levels of PSMB8 and TAP1 were measured in the PBMCs of 91 patients and 96 controls by using qPCR. Protein levels of PSMB8 were also determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The frequency of 'TT' genotype of PSMB8 polymorphism was significantly lowered in patients with generalized and active vitiligo (p = 0.019 and p = 0.005) as compared to controls suggesting its association with the activity of the disease. However, TAP1 polymorphism was not associated with vitiligo susceptibility. A significant decrease in expression of PSMB8 at both transcript level (p = 0.002) as well as protein level (p = 0.0460) was observed in vitiligo patients as compared to controls. No significant difference was observed between patients and controls for TAP1 transcripts (p = 0.553). Interestingly, individuals with the susceptible CC genotype of PSMB8 polymorphism showed significantly reduced PSMB8 transcript level as compared to that of CT and TT genotypes (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003 respectively). CONCLUSIONS PSMB8 rs2071464 was associated with generalized and active vitiligo from Gujarat whereas TAP1 rs1135216 showed no association. The down-regulation of PSMB8 in patients with risk genotype 'CC' advocates the vital role of PSMB8 in the autoimmune basis of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz D. Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohmmad Shoab Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mala Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Naresh C. Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dwivedi M, Ansarullah, Radichev I, Kemp EH. Alteration of Immune-Mechanisms by Human Microbiota and Development and Prevention of Human Diseases. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:6985256. [PMID: 29445757 PMCID: PMC5763106 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6985256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dwivedi
- 1C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Tarsadi, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, Gujarat 394350, India
| | - Ansarullah
- 2Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ilian Radichev
- 3Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th Street-North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - E. Helen Kemp
- 4Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mansuri MS, Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Patel D, Alex T, Singh M, Singh DD, Begum R. Genetic variations (Arg5Pro and Leu6Pro) modulate the structure and activity of GPX1 and genetic risk for vitiligo. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:654-7. [PMID: 26991090 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohmmad Shoab Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Naresh C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Department of Bioinformatics & Structural Biology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Tina Alex
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mala Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Desh D Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics & Structural Biology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dwivedi M, Kumar P, Laddha NC, Kemp EH. Induction of regulatory T cells: A role for probiotics and prebiotics to suppress autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:379-92. [PMID: 26774011 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are comprised of a heterogeneous population of cells that play a vital role in suppressing inflammation and maintaining immune tolerance. Given the crucial role of Tregs in maintaining immune homeostasis, it is probably not surprising that many microbial species and their metabolites have the potential to induce Tregs. There is now great interest in the therapeutic potential of probiotics and prebiotics based strategies for a range of autoimmune disorders. This review will summarise recent findings concerning the role of probiotics and prebiotics in induction of Tregs to ameliorate the autoimmune conditions. In addition, the article is focused to explain the different mechanisms of Treg induction and function by these probiotics and prebiotics, based on the available studies till date. The article further proposes that induction of Tregs by probiotics and prebiotics could lead to the development of new therapeutic approach towards curbing the autoimmune response and as an alternative to detrimental immunosuppressive drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat, Gujarat -394350, India
| | - Prasant Kumar
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Tarsadi, Surat, Gujarat -394350, India
| | - Naresh C Laddha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Unipath Specialty Laboratory Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - E Helen Kemp
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Patel R, Dwivedi M, Mansuri MS, Ansarullah, Laddha NC, Thakker A, Ramachandran AV, Begum R. Association of Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and Interleukin-1beta (IL1B), Genotype-Phenotype Correlation and Plasma Lipids with Type-II Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164437. [PMID: 27749914 PMCID: PMC5066977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is known to play a role in the regulation of satiety, energy balance, body weight, and insulin release. Interleukin-1beta (IL1B) has been associated with loss of beta-cell mass in type-II diabetes (TIID). OBJECTIVES The present study attempts to investigate the association of NPY exon2 +1128 T/C (Leu7Pro; rs16139), NPY promoter -399 T/C (rs16147) and IL1B -511 C/T (rs16944) polymorphisms with TIID and their correlation with plasma lipid levels, BMI, and IL1B transcript levels. METHODS PCR-RFLP was used for genotyping these polymorphisms in a case-control study involving 558 TIID patients and 1085 healthy age-matched controls from Gujarat. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analysis of the NPY polymorphic sites were performed to assess their association with TIID. IL1B transcript levels in PBMCs were also assessed in 108 controls and 101 patients using real-time PCR. RESULTS Our results show significant association of both structural and promoter polymorphisms of NPY (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001 respectively) in patients with TIID. However, the IL1B C/T polymorphism did not show any association (p = 0.3797) with TIID patients. Haplotype analysis revealed more frequent association of CC and CT haplotypes (p = 3.34 x 10-5, p = 6.04 x 10-9) in diabetics compared to controls and increased the risk of diabetes by 3.02 and 2.088 respectively. Transcript levels of IL1B were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in patients as compared to controls. Genotype-phenotype correlation of IL1B polymorphism did not show any association with its higher transcript levels. In addition, NPY +1128 T/C polymorphism was found to be associated with increased plasma LDL levels (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION The present study provides an evidence for a strong correlation between structural and promoter polymorphisms of NPY gene and upregulation of IL1B transcript levels with susceptibility to TIID and altering the lipid metabolism in Gujarat population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roma Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohmmad Shoab Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ansarullah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Naresh C. Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ami Thakker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - A. V. Ramachandran
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dwivedi M, Kemp EH, Laddha NC, Mansuri MS, Weetman AP, Begum R. Regulatory T cells in vitiligo: Implications for pathogenesis and therapeutics. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:49-56. [PMID: 25308528 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a hypomelanotic autoimmune skin disease arising from a breakdown in immunological self-tolerance, which leads to aberrant immune responses against melanocytes. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial to the development of self-tolerance and so are major foci in the study of autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo. This review will summarise recent findings concerning the role of Tregs in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. In addition, as antigen-specific Tregs are a potential route for the reinstatement of immune tolerance, new strategies that expand or induce de novo generation of Tregs and which are currently being investigated as therapies for other autoimmune diseases, will be discussed. These approaches will highlight the opportunities for Treg cell-based therapeutics in vitiligo.
Collapse
|
25
|
Mansuri MS, Singh M, Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Marfatia YS, Begum R. MicroRNA profiling reveals differentially expressed microRNA signatures from the skin of patients with nonsegmental vitiligo. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1263-7. [PMID: 24814802 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M S Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Mansuri MS, Singh M, Patel HH, Agarwal N, Shah AM, Begum R. Association of neuropeptide Y (NPY), interleukin-1B (IL1B) genetic variants and correlation of IL1B transcript levels with vitiligo susceptibility. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107020. [PMID: 25221996 PMCID: PMC4164539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a depigmenting disorder resulting from loss of functional melanocytes in the skin. NPY plays an important role in induction of immune response by acting on a variety of immune cells. NPY synthesis and release is governed by IL1B. Moreover, genetic variability in IL1B is reported to be associated with elevated NPY levels. OBJECTIVES Aim of the present study was to explore NPY promoter -399T/C (rs16147) and exon2 +1128T/C (rs16139) polymorphisms as well as IL1B promoter -511C/T (rs16944) polymorphism and to correlate IL1B transcript levels with vitiligo. METHODS PCR-RFLP method was used to genotype NPY -399T/C SNP in 454 patients and 1226 controls; +1128T/C SNP in 575 patients and 1279 controls and IL1B -511C/T SNP in 448 patients and 785 controls from Gujarat. IL1B transcript levels in blood were also assessed in 105 controls and 95 patients using real-time PCR. RESULTS Genotype and allele frequencies for NPY -399T/C, +1128T/C and IL1B -511C/T SNPs differed significantly (p<0.0001, p<0.0001; p = 0.0161, p = 0.0035 and p<0.0001, p<0.0001) between patients and controls. 'TC' haplotype containing minor alleles of NPY polymorphisms was significantly higher in patients and increased the risk of vitiligo by 2.3 fold (p<0.0001). Transcript levels of IL1B were significantly higher, in patients compared to controls (p = 0.0029), in patients with active than stable vitiligo (p = 0.015), also in female patients than male patients (p = 0.026). Genotype-phenotype correlation showed moderate association of IL1B -511C/T polymorphism with higher IL1B transcript levels. Trend analysis revealed significant difference between patients and controls for IL1B transcript levels with respect to different genotypes. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that NPY -399T/C, +1128T/C and IL1B -511C/T polymorphisms are associated with vitiligo and IL1B -511C/T SNP influences its transcript levels leading to increased risk for vitiligo in Gujarat population. Up-regulation of IL1B transcript in patients advocates its possible role in autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C. Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohmmad Shoab Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mala Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Hetanshi H. Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Nishtha Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Anish M. Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Mansuri MS, Singh M, Gani AR, Yeola AP, Panchal VN, Khan F, Dave DJ, Patel A, Madhavan SE, Gupta R, Marfatia Z, Marfatia YS, Begum R. Role of oxidative stress and autoimmunity in onset and progression of vitiligo. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:352-3. [PMID: 24628992 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation disorder characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis. Two major theories of vitiligo pathogenesis include autoimmunity and oxidative stress-mediated toxicity in melanocytes. The present study aimed to evaluate both the hypotheses in vitiligo patients and to investigate their role in the disease onset and progression. Antimelanocyte antibody levels and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were evaluated in 427 patients and 440 controls; antithyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody levels were estimated in 102 patients and 72 controls. Patients showed a significant increase in LPO and antimelanocyte antibody levels compared to controls. Antimelanocyte antibody and LPO levels were higher in active vitiligo compared to stable. Only 9.8% of patients showed the presence of anti-TPO antibodies in their circulation. Oxidative stress may be the initial triggering event to precipitate vitiligo in Gujarat population, which is exacerbated by contributing autoimmune factors together with oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Gani AR, Shajil EM, Begum R. Involvement of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes and their genetic variants in progression of and higher susceptibility to vitiligo. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1110-1125. [PMID: 24036105 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated as the initial triggering event in vitiligo pathogenesis leading to melanocyte destruction. Here, we report a significant increase in oxidative stress in vitiligo patients as evidenced by high lipid peroxidation levels suggesting an imbalance in the antioxidant enzyme system as reported in our previous studies. This study examined the role of the enzymatic antioxidant SOD, which converts the pro-oxidant superoxide into H2O2, in vitiligo pathogenesis. The activity of three isoforms of SOD, i.e., SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3, was significantly higher in vitiligo patients. To identify the underlying mechanism for the increase in activities of SOD isoforms, we explored the SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3 genes for their genetic variations and transcript levels. The SOD2 Thr58Ile (rs35289490) and Leu84Phe (rs11575993) polymorphisms were significantly associated with vitiligo patients, and the Val16Ala (rs4880) polymorphism was associated with active vitiligo patients. Interestingly, SOD2 activity was contributed by these polymorphisms along with its increase in transcript levels in patients. SOD3 activity was associated with the Arg213Gly (rs8192291) polymorphism. The SOD3 transcript levels were also increased in patients, which might contribute to the increased SOD3 activity. However, we could not establish the genotype-phenotype correlation for SOD1 as we could not detect any novel or reported SNPs in SOD1. In addition, both transcript and protein levels of SOD1 were unchanged between patients and controls, though SOD1 activity was increased in patients. Activities of SOD isoforms also correlated with progression of the disease as the activity was higher in active cases of vitiligo compared to stable cases. Here, we report that SOD2 and SOD3 polymorphisms may be genetic risk factors for susceptibility and progression of vitiligo and hence the genetic makeup of an individual may form a basis for the effective treatment of the disease. Overall, our results suggest that increased activity of SOD isoforms under the influence of genetic factors may lead to accumulation of H2O2 in cytoplasmic, mitochondrial, and extracellular compartments resulting in oxidative damage to the melanocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Amina R Gani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - E M Shajil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Shah K, Shah BJ, Begum R. Involvement of interferon-gamma genetic variants and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in onset and progression of generalized vitiligo. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:646-59. [PMID: 23777204 PMCID: PMC3814581 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a paracrine inhibitor of melanocytes and genetic variability due to intron 1 polymorphisms in IFNG has been reported to be associated with increased risk for several autoimmune diseases. The aim of present study was to determine whether intron 1 +874A/T (rs2430561) and CA microsatellite (rs3138557) polymorphisms in IFNG are associated with generalized vitiligo (GV) susceptibility and expression of IFNG and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) affects the disease onset and progression. Here we report that IFNG CA microsatellite but not +874A/T may be a genetic risk factor for GV; however, +874T allele plays a crucial role in increased expression of IFNG mRNA and protein levels which could affect the onset and progression of the disease. Active GV patients showed increased IFNG levels compared to stable GV patients. The genotype-phenotype analysis revealed that IFNG expression levels were higher in patients with +874 TT genotypes and 12 CA repeats. Patients with the early age of onset showed higher IFNG expression and female GV patients showed higher IFNG and ICAM1 expression implicating gender biasness and involvement of IFN-γ in early onset of the disease. Moreover, the increased IFN-γ levels in patients lead to increased ICAM1 expression, which could be a probable link between cytokines and T-cell involvement in pathogenesis of GV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Naresh C. Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Kriti Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Bela J. Shah
- Department of Dermatology, STD and Leprosy, B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Mansuri MS, Marfatia YS, Begum R. Association of NLRP1 genetic variants and mRNA overexpression with generalized vitiligo and disease activity in a Gujarat population. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169:1114-25. [PMID: 23773036 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that NLRP1 is involved in susceptibility to a wide range of autoimmune diseases including generalized vitiligo (GV). Genetic polymorphisms in the gene encoding NLRP1 (previously known as NALP1) have previously been shown to be associated with GV and there is speculation about their involvement in the regulation of NLRP1 expression. OBJECTIVES To explore NLRP1 polymorphisms and investigate their association with NLRP1 mRNA expression and disease activity in patients with GV. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism and TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping techniques were used to genotype NLRP1 A/G (rs2670660), T/C (rs6502867) and A/T (rs12150220) polymorphisms in 537 patients with GV and 645 controls in Gujarat. NLRP1 mRNA levels were measured in the whole blood of 122 patients with GV and 175 controls using real-time PCR. RESULTS The NLRP1 rs2670660 and rs6502867 polymorphisms were found to be in significant association with GV, minor alleles of these SNPs being prevalent in active cases of GV. The rs12150220 polymorphism was found have a marginal association with GV. The frequency of susceptible haplotype 'GCT' was significantly higher in patients with GV and increased the risk of vitiligo twofold. A significant increase in NLRP1 mRNA expression was observed in patients with GV and patients with active GV. NLRP1 mRNA expression was increased in patients with GV with the susceptible GG (rs2670660) and CC (rs6502867) genotypes. Patients with the susceptible GG (rs2670660) and CC (rs6502867) genotypes had early age of onset of GV. Moreover, patients in the age at onset group of 1-20 years showed increased expression of NLRP1 mRNA compared with the older age groups. Female patients showed a significant increase in NLRP1 mRNA and early age at onset of GV compared with male patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NLRP1 rs2670660 and rs6502867 polymorphisms may be genetic risk factors for susceptibility to and progression of GV. The upregulation of NLRP1 mRNA in patients with susceptible genotypes advocates the crucial role of NLRP1 in GV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Sir Sayajirao Gaikwad Medical College, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Begum R. Correlation of increased MYG1 expression and its promoter polymorphism with disease progression and higher susceptibility in vitiligo patients. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 71:195-202. [PMID: 23706493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MYG1 (Melanocyte proliferating gene 1 or C12orf10) -119C/G promoter and Arg4Gln structural polymorphisms have a functional impact on its regulation. The promoter polymorphism was shown to be associated with vitiligo in Caucasian population. OBJECTIVE The present study explores MYG1 polymorphisms and correlates them with MYG1 mRNA expression, disease onset and progression in vitiligo patients. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used for genotyping of MYG1 -119C/G promoter (rs1465073) and 11-12AA/GC structural polymorphisms (rs1534284-rs1534283; Arg4Gln) in 846 vitiligo patients and 726 age-matched unaffected controls. MYG1 mRNA levels were assessed in whole blood of 166 patients and 175 controls by Real-time PCR. RESULTS The MYG1 -119C/G promoter polymorphism was found to be in significant association with vitiligo being 'G' allele prevalent in patients. However, 11-12AA/GC structural polymorphism was prevalently monogenic in patients and controls with only MYG1 GC (4Arg) allele being present. Significant increase in MYG1 mRNA expression was observed in vitiligo patients compared to controls. The MYG1 mRNA expression was increased in patients with active and generalized vitiligo as compared to stable and localized vitiligo. MYG1 mRNA expression was increased in patients with susceptible -119 GG genotype compared to controls. Also, patients with susceptible -119 GG genotype had early age of onset of vitiligo. Moreover, patients with age groups 1-20 years and 21-40 years showed increased expression of MYG1 mRNA compared to those of controls. Female patients showed significant increase in MYG1 mRNA and early age of onset of vitiligo compared to male patients. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that MYG1 -119C/G promoter polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor for susceptibility and progression of vitiligo. The up-regulation of MYG1 transcript in patients with susceptible -119GG genotype advocates the crucial role of MYG1 in autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Arora P, Marfatia YS, Begum R. Decreased regulatory T-cells and CD4(+) /CD8(+) ratio correlate with disease onset and progression in patients with generalized vitiligo. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2013; 26:586-91. [PMID: 23574980 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to evaluate CD4(+) /CD8(+) ratio and CD4(+) CD25(hi) FoxP3(+) Tregs in GV patients with reference to their effect on disease onset and progression. Flow cytometry was used for determination of CD4(+) /CD8(+) ratio and Tregs in 82 patients and 50 controls. CD8(+) T-cell counts were significantly higher in GV patients as compared with controls (p = 0.003). Active GV patients showed higher CD8(+) T-cell counts compared with stable GV patients (p = 0.001). The CD4(+) /CD8(+) ratio decreased significantly in patients as compared with controls (p = 0.001). Moreover, the ratio in active GV patients significantly lowered as compared with stable GV patients (p = 0.002). Significant decrease in Treg cell percentage and counts in GV patients was observed compared with controls (p = 0.009, p = 0.008) with significant reduction in FoxP3 expression (p = 0.024). Treg cell percentage and counts were significantly decreased in active GV patients compared with stable GV patients (p = 0.007, p = 0.002). Our results suggest that an imbalance of CD4(+) /CD8(+) ratio and natural Tregs in frequency and function might be involved in the T-cell mediated pathogenesis of GV and its progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Birlea SA, Ahmad FJ, Uddin RM, Ahmad S, Pal SS, Begum R, Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Shoab Mansuri M, Jin Y, Gowan K, Riccardi SL, Holland PJ, Ben S, Fain PR, Spritz RA. Association of generalized vitiligo with MHC class II loci in patients from the Indian subcontinent. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:1369-72. [PMID: 23303446 PMCID: PMC3626744 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
34
|
Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Mansuri MS, Gani AR, Ansarullah M, Ramachandran AV, Dalai S, Begum R. Vitiligo: interplay between oxidative stress and immune system. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:245-50. [PMID: 23425123 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a multifactorial polygenic disorder with a complex pathogenesis, linked with both genetic and non-genetic factors. The precise modus operandi for vitiligo pathogenesis has remained elusive. Theories regarding loss of melanocytes are based on autoimmune, cytotoxic, oxidant-antioxidant and neural mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in excess have been documented in active vitiligo skin. Numerous proteins in addition to tyrosinase are affected. It is possible that oxidative stress is one among the main principal causes of vitiligo. However, there also exists ample evidence for altered immunological processes in vitiligo, particularly in chronic and progressive conditions. Both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system appear to be involved as a primary event or as a secondary promotive consequence. There is speculation on the interplay, if any, between ROS and the immune system in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. The article focuses on the scientific evidences linking oxidative stress and immune system to vitiligo pathogenesis giving credence to a convergent terminal pathway of oxidative stress-autoimmunity-mediated melanocyte loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Gani AR, Mansuri MS, Begum R. Tumor necrosis factor B (TNFB) genetic variants and its increased expression are associated with vitiligo susceptibility. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81736. [PMID: 24312346 PMCID: PMC3842287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in TNFB are involved in the regulation of its expression and are found to be associated with various autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine whether TNFB +252A/G (rs909253) and exon 3 C/A (rs1041981) polymorphisms are associated with vitiligo susceptibility, and expression of TNFB and ICAM1 affects the disease onset and progression. We have earlier reported the role of TNFA in autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo, and we now show the involvement of TNFB in vitiligo pathogenesis. The two polymorphisms investigated in the TNFB were in strong linkage disequilibrium and significantly associated with vitiligo. TNFB and ICAM1 transcripts were significantly increased in patients compared to controls. Active vitiligo patients showed significant increase in TNFB transcripts compared to stable vitiligo. The genotype-phenotype analysis revealed that TNFB expression levels were higher in patients with GG and AA genotypes as compared to controls. Patients with the early age of onset and female patients showed higher TNFB and ICAM1 expression. Overall, our findings suggest that the increased TNFB transcript levels in vitiligo patients could result, at least in part, from variations at the genetic level which in turn leads to increased ICAM1 expression. For the first time, we show that TNFB +252A/G and exon 3 C/A polymorphisms are associated with vitiligo susceptibility and influence the TNFB and ICAM1 expression. Moreover, the study also emphasizes influence of TNFB and ICAM1 on the disease progression, onset and gender bias for developing vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C. Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Amina R. Gani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Mohmmad Shoab Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Begum R. Increased Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and its promoter polymorphisms correlate with disease progression and higher susceptibility towards vitiligo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52298. [PMID: 23284977 PMCID: PMC3527546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, is a paracrine inhibitor of melanocytes, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases including vitiligo, as abnormal immune responses have frequently been observed in vitiligo patients. Moreover, vitiligo patients show higher lesion levels of TNF-α. Genetic polymorphisms in the promoter region of TNF-α are involved in the regulation of its expression. The present study explores TNF-α promoter polymorphisms and correlates them with TNF-α transcript and protein levels in vitiligo patients and controls of Gujarat along with its effect on disease onset and progression. PCR-RFLP technique was used for genotyping of these polymorphisms in 977 vitiligo patients and 990 controls. TNF-α transcript and protein levels were measured by Real time PCR and ELISA respectively. The genotype and allele frequencies for the investigated polymorphisms were significantly associated with vitiligo patients. The study revealed significant increase in TNF-α transcript and protein levels in vitiligo patients compared to controls. In particular, haplotypes: AATCC, AACCT, AGTCT, GATCT, GATCC and AGCCT were found to increase the TNF-α levels in vitiligo patients. Analysis of TNF-α levels based on the gender and disease progression suggests that female patients and patients with active vitiligo had higher levels of TNF-α. Also, the TNF-α levels were high in patients with generalized vitiligo as compared to localized vitiligo. Age of onset analysis of the disease suggests that the haplotypes: AACAT, AACCT, AATCC and AATCT had a profound effect in the early onset of the disease. Moreover, the analysis suggests that female patients had an early onset of vitiligo. Overall, our results suggest that TNF-α promoter polymorphisms may be genetic risk factors for susceptibility and progression of the disease. The up-regulation of TNF-α transcript and protein levels in individuals with susceptible haplotypes advocates the crucial role of TNF-α in autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C. Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Imran M, Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Mansuri MS, Singh J, Rani R, Gokhale RS, Sharma VK, Marfatia YS, Begum R. Interleukin-4 genetic variants correlate with its transcript and protein levels in patients with vitiligo. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:314-23. [PMID: 22512783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder resulting from loss of melanocytes. Interleukin (IL)-4 has been shown to stimulate B-cell proliferation, to regulate immunoglobulin class switching (IgG1 and IgE) and to promote T-cell development. Polymorphisms in the IL4 gene are known to increase its expression, thereby implicating its role in vitiligo susceptibility. OBJECTIVES To explore intron 3 VNTR (IVS3) and -590 C/T (rs2243250) promoter polymorphisms in the IL4 gene and to correlate them with the IL4 transcript, serum IL-4 and IgE levels to achieve genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with vitiligo from Gujarat. A replication study was done in a North Indian population. METHODS The case-control study was performed to investigate these polymorphisms in 505 patients and 744 controls in Gujarat, and 596 patients and 397 controls in North India by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. IL4 transcript levels were monitored by real-time PCR. Serum IL-4 and IgE levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, respectively. RESULTS The genotype frequencies differed significantly between patients with generalized vitiligo and controls for both the polymorphisms in both populations. Allele frequencies significantly differed between patients with generalized vitiligo and controls for both the polymorphisms in the population from Gujarat. Interestingly, genotype and allele frequencies for -590 C/T single nucleotide polymorphism were significantly different between patients with localized vitiligo and controls in both the populations. The study revealed significantly increased IL4 mRNA, serum IL-4 and IgE levels in patients from Gujarat. Age of onset analysis of disease in patients suggested that the TTR2R2, TTR1R2 and CTR2R2 haplotypes had a profound effect in the early onset of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that these polymorphisms of the IL4 gene may be genetic risk factors for susceptibility towards vitiligo and the upregulation of the IL4 transcript, protein and IgE levels in individuals with susceptible haplotypes reveal the crucial role of IL-4 in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Imran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Singh A, Sharma P, Kar HK, Sharma VK, Tembhre MK, Gupta S, Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Begum R, Gokhale RS, Rani R. HLA alleles and amino-acid signatures of the peptide-binding pockets of HLA molecules in vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:124-34. [PMID: 21833019 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a depigmenting disorder of the skin that is characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes from the lesional sites. Although the exact etiology is not understood, autoimmunity is thought to be a crucial deterministic factor. A recurring theme of several autoimmune disorders is the aberrant presentation of self-antigens to the immune system, which triggers downstream perturbations. Here we examine the role of alleles of HLA class I and class II loci to delineate vitiligo manifestation in two distinct populations. Our studies have identified three specific alleles, HLA-A*33:01, HLA-B*44:03, and HLA-DRB1*07:01, to be significantly increased in vitiligo patients as compared with controls in both the initial study on North Indians (N=1,404) and the replication study in Gujarat (N=355) cases, establishing their positive association with vitiligo. Both generalized and localized vitiligo have the same predisposing major histocompatibility complex alleles, i.e., B*44:03 and DRB1*07:01, in both the populations studied, beside the differences in the frequencies of other alleles, suggesting that localized vitiligo too may be an autoimmune disorder. Significant differences in the amino-acid signatures of the peptide-binding pockets of HLA-A and HLA-B α-chain and HLA-DR β-chain were observed between vitiligo patients and unaffected controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ansarullah, Bharucha B, Umarani M, Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Begum R, Hardikar AA, Ramachandran AV. Oreocnide integrifolia Flavonoids Augment Reprogramming for Islet Neogenesis and β-Cell Regeneration in Pancreatectomized BALB/c Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 2012:260467. [PMID: 22474495 PMCID: PMC3303763 DOI: 10.1155/2012/260467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Agents which can either trigger proliferation of β-cells or induce neogenesis of β-cells from precursors would be of pivotal role in reversing diabetic manifestations. We examined the role of flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) of Oreocnide integrifolia leaves using a mice model of experimental regeneration. BALB/c mice were subjected to ~70% pancreatectomy (Px) and supplemented with FRF for 7, 14, and 21 days after pancreatectomy. Px animals displayed increased blood glucose levels and decreased insulin titres which were ameliorated by FRF supplementation. FRF-treated mice demonstrated prominent newly formed islets budding off from ducts and depicting increased BrdU incorporation. Additionally, transcripts levels of Ins1/2, Reg-3α/γ, Ngn-3, and Pdx-1 were upregulated during the initial 1 week. The present study provides evidence of a nutraceutical contributing to islet neogenesis from ductal cells as the mode of β-cell regeneration and a potential therapeutic for clinical trials in management of diabetic manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ansarullah
- 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Gujarat Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Bhavna Bharucha
- 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Gujarat Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Malati Umarani
- 2Lab No. 10 Stem Cells and Diabetes Section, National Centre for Cell Sciences, Maharashtra Pune 411007, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Gujarat Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Naresh C. Laddha
- 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Gujarat Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Gujarat Vadodara 390002, India
| | - Anandwardhan A. Hardikar
- 4Diabetes and Pancreas Biology Group, The O'Brien Institute and The University of Melbourne, 42 Fitzroy Street, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - A. V. Ramachandran
- 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Gujarat Vadodara 390002, India
- 5Division of Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Gujarat Vadodara 390002, India
- *A. V. Ramachandran:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ansarullah, Bharucha B, Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Begum R, Hardikar AA, Ramachandran AV. Antioxidant rich flavonoids from Oreocnide integrifolia enhance glucose uptake and insulin secretion and protects pancreatic β-cells from streptozotocin insult. BMC Complement Altern Med 2011; 11:126. [PMID: 22169757 PMCID: PMC3267669 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin deficiency is the prime basis of all diabetic manifestations and agents that can bring about insulin secretion would be of pivotal significance for cure of diabetes. To test this hypothesis, we carried out bioactivity guided fractionation of Oreocnide integrifolia (Urticaceae); a folklore plant consumed for ameliorating diabetic symptoms using experimental models. METHODS We carried out bioassay guided fractionation using RINmF and C2C12 cell line for glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and glucose uptake potential of fractions. Further, the bioactive fraction was challenged for its GSIS in cultured mouse islets with basal (4.5 mM) and stimulated (16.7 mM) levels of glucose concentrations. The Flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) was exposed to 2 mM streptozotocin stress and the anti-ROS/RNS potential was evaluated. Additionally, the bioactive fraction was assessed for its antidiabetic and anti-apoptotic property in-vivo using multidose streptozotocin induced diabetes in BALB/c mice. RESULTS The results suggested FRF to be the most active fraction as assessed by GSIS in RINm5F cells and its ability for glucose uptake in C2C12 cells. FRF displayed significant potential in terms of increasing intracellular calcium and cAMP levels even in presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, IBMX in cultured pancreatic islets. FRF depicted a dose-dependent reversal of all the cytotoxic manifestations except peroxynitrite and NO formation when subjected in-vitro along with STZ. Further scrutinization of FRF for its in-vivo antidiabetic property demonstrated improved glycemic indices and decreased pancreatic β-cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the flavonoid mixture has shown to have significant insulin secretogogue, insulinomimetic and cytoprotective effects and can be evaluated for clinical trials as a therapeutant in the management of diabetic manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ansarullah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavna Bharucha
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Naresh C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Pancreas Biology group, The O'Brien Institute, St.Vincent's Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - AV Ramachandran
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Imran M, Shah BJ, Begum R. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) in isolated vitiligo: a genotype-phenotype correlation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2011; 24:737-40. [PMID: 21794098 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
42
|
Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Imran M, Ansarullah, Bajpai P, Ramachandran AV, Misra A, Yadav M, Begum R. ACE gene I/D polymorphism in type 2 diabetes: the Gujarat population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1474651411412662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Dwivedi
- The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Naresh C Laddha
- The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohamad Imran
- The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ansarullah
- The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Pratima Bajpai
- The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - AV Ramachandran
- The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Manjusha Yadav
- Shreenath Hospital, Subhanpura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dwivedi M, Gupta K, Gulla KC, Laddha NC, Hajela K, Begum R. Lack of genetic association of promoter and structural variants of mannan-binding lectin (MBL2) gene with susceptibility to generalized vitiligo. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161:63-9. [PMID: 19416237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a common depigmenting disorder resulting from the loss of functional melanocytes in the skin. It is hypothesized to be of autoimmune origin. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) plays an important role in innate immunity. It helps in the clearance of apoptotic cells and in complement activation. Genetic variability due to structural and promoter polymorphisms in the MBL2 gene has been reported to be associated with increased risk for several autoimmune diseases including vitiligo. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore whether MBL2 structural and promoter polymorphisms are associated with generalized vitiligo in Gujarat where the prevalence of vitiligo is alarmingly high. MATERIALS AND METHODS We undertook a case-control study to investigate the association of MBL2 gene exon 1 polymorphisms - codon 52, codon 54 and codon 57 as well as promoter -221 polymorphism in 92 patients with generalized vitiligo and 94 unaffected age-matched controls by polymerase chain reaction-heteroduplex analysis. RESULTS The genotype and allele frequencies of MBL2 structural and promoter polymorphisms did not differ significantly between the control and patient population (P-values: P < 0.019 for codon 52, P < 0.373 for codon 54, P < 0.855 for codon 57 and P < 0.889 for -221 promoter polymorphisms) after Bonferroni's correction for multiple testing, which suggests that there is no association of MBL2 structural and promoter polymorphisms with generalized vitiligo. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the well-documented structural and promoter polymorphisms of the MBL2 gene may not be associated with generalized vitiligo in the Gujarat population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Shajil EM, Shah BJ, Begum R. The ACE gene I/ D polymorphism is not associated with generalized vitiligo susceptibility in Gujarat population. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2008; 21:407-8. [PMID: 18444962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2008.00462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
45
|
Laddha NC, Dwivedi M, Shajil EM, Prajapati H, Marfatia YS, Begum R. Association of PTPN22 1858C/T polymorphism with vitiligo susceptibility in Gujarat population. J Dermatol Sci 2008; 49:260-2. [PMID: 18037273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2007] [Revised: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|