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Shi P, Dong Y, Yan H, Zhao C, Li X, Liu W, He M, Tang S, Xi S. Impact of temperature on the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138890. [PMID: 32339844 PMCID: PMC7177086 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A COVID-19 outbreak emerged in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 and developed into a global pandemic during March 2020. The effects of temperature on the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in China are unknown. Data on COVID-19 daily confirmed cases and daily mean temperatures were collected from 31 provincial-level regions in mainland China between Jan. 20 and Feb. 29, 2020. Locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplot (LOESS), distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs), and random-effects meta-analysis were used to examine the relationship between daily confirmed cases rate of COVID-19 and temperature conditions. The daily number of new cases peaked on Feb. 12, and then decreased. The daily confirmed cases rate of COVID-19 had a biphasic relationship with temperature (with a peak at 10 °C), and the daily incidence of COVID-19 decreased at values below and above these values. The overall epidemic intensity of COVID-19 reduced slightly following days with higher temperatures with a relative risk (RR) was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.99). A random-effect meta-analysis including 28 provinces in mainland China, we confirmed the statistically significant association between temperature and RR during the study period (Coefficient = -0.0100, 95% CI: -0.0125, -0.0074). The DLNMs in Hubei Province (outside of Wuhan) and Wuhan showed similar patterns of temperature. Additionally, a modified susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (M-SEIR) model, with adjustment for climatic factors, was used to provide a complete characterization of the impact of climate on the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic.
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902
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Chen C, Shen N, Li X, Zhang Q, Hei Z. New device and technique to protect intubation operators against COVID-19. Intensive Care Med 2020; 46:1627-1629. [PMID: 32385524 PMCID: PMC7206413 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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903
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Han W, Lu J, Cheng X, Li G, Jin Q, Cai Y. Genome-Wide Comparative Analysis of the β-glucosidase Family in Five Rosaceae Species and their Potential Role on Lignification of Stone Cells in Chinese White Pear.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-46971/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] [Imported: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The β-glucosidase BGLU in the glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) is involved in the sugar metabolism of the plant and plays an important role in maintaining the normal physiological function of the plant. Recent studies had shown that β-glucosidase was involved in plant lignification. The lignification in pear fruit is closely related to the formation of pear stone cells, but the BGLU genes family has not been identified in pears.Result: A total of 343 BGLU genes were identified from five species of Rosaceae (Pyrus bretschneideri, Prunus mume, Malus domestica, Prunus avium, Fragaria vesca). According to phylogenetic analysis, 50 PbBGLUs were divided into 8 groups. 298 syntenic pairs were found in intra- and inter-species collinear analysis of five Rosaceae species, found that pears and apples had more syntenic pairs than pear and the other three Rosaceae species. The Ka/Ks analysis of duplication PbBGLU genes in pear indicated that the main mode of expansion of the PbBGLUs was segmental replication and was mainly affected by purification. qRT-PCR showed that the three gene expression patterns of PbBGLU1, PbBGLU15 and PbBGLU16 were basically consistent with the change trend of pear fruit lignin and stone cell content, and may be involved in lignification and stone cell development of pear fruit. Subcellular localization showed that these three candidate genes were all located on the cell wall.Conclusion: In this study, a genome-wide analysis of BGLU genes in five Rosaceae species was carried out, and three candidate genes related to lignification and stone cell development of pear fruits were identified, which laid the foundation for a deeper understanding of the function of BGLU genes in pear fruits and potential in changing pear fruit quality.
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904
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Zhang X, Kang H, Chen G, Li X. Prognostic Role of MicroRNA Let-7 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-46072/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] [Imported: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
BackgroundRecent studies have shown that MicroRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers to the prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Hence, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic role of microRNA let-7 in NSCLC patients.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Medline and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies. Eligible studies were met specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stata 15.1 was used to calculate the pooled parameters.ResultsA total of 11 studies involving 2278 NSCLC patients were included in this meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses established that the heterogeneity was connected with ethnicity and follow-up time. The results suggested that the low expression of microRNA let-7 indicates a poor overall survival rate, with a hazard ratio value of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.64-1.34, P <0.05).ConclusionsLow expression of microRNA let-7 is closely related to the poor prognosis of NSCLC, so microRNA let-7 may become a new biomarker to evaluate the prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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905
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Contribution of acute-phase reaction proteins to the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e164. [PMID: 32713370 PMCID: PMC7399149 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882000165x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] [Imported: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is currently a global concern. In this study, our goal was to explore the changing expression levels of acute-phase reaction proteins (APRPs) in the serum of COVID-19 patients and to elucidate the immunological characteristics of COVID-19. In the study design, we recruited 72 COVID-19 patients, including 22 cases of mild degree, 38 cases of moderate degree and 12 cases of severe degree. We also recruited 20 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and 20 normal control subjects as a comparison. Fasting venous blood was taken to detect the content of complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and prealbumin (PA). When compared the COVID-19 group with the CAP and normal control groups, respectively, the mean value of CRP and SAA in the COVID-19 group (including mild, moderate and severe patients) had increased significantly (P < 0.01), whereas the mean values of C3, C4 and PA decreased (P < 0.01). For the asymptomatic or mild symptomatic patients with COVID-19, the actual aggravation of disease may be more advanced than the clinical appearances. Meanwhile, the statistical analyses indicated that the development of COVID-19 brought about a significant increase in the content of CRP and SAA (P < 0.01), and a decline in the content of C3, C4 and PA (P < 0.01). These findings suggested that the changes in the level of APRPs could be used as indicators to identify the degree and progression of COVID-19, and the significant changes might demonstrate the aggravation of disease. This study provided a new approach to improve the clinical management plan and prognosis of COVID-19.
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906
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Manzoor MA, Cheng X, Li G, Su X, Abdullah M, Cai Y. Gene structure, evolution and expression analysis of the P-ATPase gene family in Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). Comput Biol Chem 2020; 88:107346. [PMID: 32759051 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] [Imported: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
P-ATPase are a large protein family of integral membrane, playing an important role in plant growth, development and stress. P-ATPase genes family have been identified and characterized in several model plants such as cotton, grapes, tobacco, rice, rubber plant and Arabidopsis. However, still lack of comprehensive study of P-ATPase genes in Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). A systematic analysis was performed and identified 30 P-ATPase genes from the pear genome to evaluate the qualities and diversity of P-ATPase proteins. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using A. thaliana P-ATPase genes as a model, allowing us to categorize into 4 subfamilies (PbHMA, PbECA, PbACA, and PbAHA) and two subfamilies (ALA and P5) is absent in pear. Even Within the same subclade, P-ATPase genes also shows the similar exon-intron structure and conserved motif structure. Continuing chromosomal localization analysis showed that 23 P-ATPase genes were distributed among 13 chromosome and 7 gene on the scaffold of pear. Promoter regions of P-ATPase genes revealed that several cis-acting elements were involved in plant growth/development, stress responses as well as hormone responses. Additionally, P-ATPase genes were also differentially expressed under hormones treatments of ABA (abscisic acid) and SA (salicylic acid) treatments. Remarkably, the transcriptome data exposed that P-ATPase gene might play an important role in lignin biosynthesis during fruit development. The real time qRT-PCR was performed, and the expression analysis indicated that various P-ATPase genes extremely expressed during different developmental stages of fruit. Our study provides valuable information about the P-ATPase gene family in pear fruit development and lignin polymerization.
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907
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Zhou J, Liu S, Sun Y, Wang W, Liu Z. Efficacy of acupuncture for treatment of intermittent claudication in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:679. [PMID: 32711555 PMCID: PMC7382786 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) is a common condition secondary to degenerative changes. Acupuncture may be effective for treating DLSS. However, there is a lack of sufficient evidence showing the efficacy of acupuncture. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for relieving neurogenic claudication in patients with DLSS. METHODS A total of 196 patients will be randomly assigned to an acupuncture group or a sham acupuncture group at a ratio of 1:1. Patients will receive 18 sessions of treatment for 6 continuous weeks. The primary outcome will be the change in the Modified Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire score from baseline to week 6. The secondary outcomes will include the change in the scores from baseline for the Numerical Rating Scale, Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire, and Anxiety and Depression Scale. Additionally, the expectancy of acupuncture, blinding, and safety will also be assessed. All analysis will be performed based on intention-to-treat. DISCUSSION The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of neurogenic claudication in patients with DLSS. A limitation of this study is that acupuncturists cannot be blinded according to the characteristics of acupuncture, which may introduce some bias. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03784729 and protocol ID 2018-161-KY. Registered on 18 December 2018.
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908
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Pre-activation with TLR7 in combination with thioridazine and loratadine promotes tumoricidal T-cell activity in colorectal cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 31:989-996. [PMID: 32694422 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] [Imported: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide. Our previous studies have shown that combinatorial treatment with thioridazine and loratadine may effectively inhibit CRC. However, the translation of these research findings to clinical practice was impaired by issues related to a lack of therapeutic specificity and to immune evasion. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have been used as adjuvants to enhance the effectiveness of cancer vaccines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of immunotherapy with thioridazine and loratadine in combination with resiqumiod (R848), a small-molecule TLR7 agonist, in suppressing CRC growth in a mouse model. Twenty-four BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to treatment with PBS, R848, thioridazine + loratadine, or thioridazine + loratadine + R848. Cytokine levels were measured with ELISA. Overall survival, as well as tumor volume and tumor weight, was recorded. Cytotoxicity was measured by counting the numbers of CD8 and CD3-positive (CD8CD3) or CD4 and CD3-positive (CD3CD4) T-cells. The immune response induced by cytokines (as interferon-γ, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) was significantly stronger in mice treated with thioridazine + loratadine + R848. Moreover, thioridazine + loratadine + R848 significantly delayed tumor development and prolonged survival, which was associated with enhanced immune response and dendritic cell maturation. This study suggested that thioridazine + loratadine + R848 combinatorial treatment may be effective in overcoming immune evasion by tumor cells, with promising therapeutic potential in CRC.
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909
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Tao W, Yong-hong L, Xing Q. Characteristics of retracted systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the biomedical literature.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-45086/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] [Imported: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The number of retracted reviews, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses, in the biomedical literature has increased dramatically in recent years. There has not yet been a systematic study to clarify the characteristics of retracted reviews. Present study determined trends in biomedical reviews, particularly with respect to reasons for retraction and geographical origin. Reviews were collated from Medline and Cochrane Library searches. Reasons for retraction were catalogued based on information retrieved via PubMed, Google, and journal websites. A total of 171 retracted non-Cochrane reviews and 439 Cochrane reviews were included. The most common reasons for retraction of non-Cochrane reviews were invalid review (n = 70), error (n = 36), and plagiarism (n = 20). Chinese authors produced a distinctively large number of reviews retracted for a faked review process and most retracted meta-analyses from areas of biochemistry molecular biology, oncology, genetics heredity and etc. Cochrane review retraction reasons included principally updating issues (n = 382), errors (n = 26), and sponsorship policy issues (n = 13). The number of retracted reviews in the biomedical literature, especially from Chinese authors, has surged since 2005. The major reasons for these retractions were related to updating among Cochrane systematic reviews but were related to misconduct among non-Cochrane systematic reviews. The present results highlight the need misconduct prevention measures.
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910
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Jiang S, Guo C, Zou B, Xie J, Xiong Z, Kuang Y, Tang J. Comparison of outcomes of pedicled jejunal and colonic conduit for esophageal reconstruction. BMC Surg 2020; 20:156. [PMID: 32677925 PMCID: PMC7364600 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-00810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, the gastric tube is the first choice for esophageal reconstruction after esophagectomy for various benign and malignant diseases. However, when the stomach is not available, a pedicled jejunum or colon is used to reconstruct the esophagus. The present study aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes and quality of life of patients receiving jejunal and colonic conduits. METHODS In the present retrospective study, the clinical data of 71 patients with esophageal carcinoma, who received jejunal reconstruction (jejunum group, n = 34) and colonic reconstruction (colon group, n = 37) from 2005 to 2015, were compared. RESULTS Compared with the colon group, the jejunum group had a lower incidence of postoperative anastomotic leakage, lesser duration of postoperative drainage, and faster recovery. Furthermore, the scores were better in the jejunum group than in the colon group, in terms of short-term overall quality of life, physical function and social relationships. Moreover, the jejunal group had a significantly lower frequency of pH < 4 simultaneous reflux time > 5 min (N45) and the longest reflux time (LT) at 24 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSION In esophageal cancer, when gastric tube construction is not feasible, a pedicled jejunum may be preferred over a colonic conduit due to lower incidence of acid reflux, anastomotic leakage and higher postoperative short-term quality of life, and rapid postoperative recovery.
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911
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Li J, Ding J, Chen L, Hong L, Yu X, Ye E, Sun G, Zhang B, Zhang X, Sun Q. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of three family clusters of COVID-19 transmitted by latent patients in China. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e137. [PMID: 32624076 PMCID: PMC7360955 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820001491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
From 21 January 2020 to 9 February 2020, three family clusters involving 31 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 were identified in Wenzhou, China. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the family cluster patients were analysed and compared with those of 43 contemporaneous sporadic cases. The three index cases transmitted the infection to 28 family members 2-10 days before illness onset. Overall, 28 of the 41 sporadic cases and three of 31 patients in the family clusters came back from Wuhan (65.12 vs. 9.68%, P< 0.001). In terms of epidemiological characters and clinical symptoms, no significant differences were observed between the family cluster and sporadic cases. However, the lymphocyte counts of sporadic cases were significantly lower than those of family cluster cases ((1.32 ± 0.55) × 109/l vs. (1.63 ± 0.70) × 109/l, P = 0.037), and the proportion of hypoalbuminaemia was higher in sporadic cases (18/43, 41.86%) than in the family clusters (6/31, 19.35%) (P < 0.05). Within the family cluster, the second- and third-generation cases had milder clinical manifestations, without severe conditions, compared with the index and first-generation cases, indicating that the virulence gradually decreased following passage through generations within the family clusters. Close surveillance, timely recognition and isolation of the suspected or latent patient is crucial in preventing family cluster infection.
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912
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Nian YY, Meng XM, Wu J, Jing FC, Wang XQ, Dang T, Zhang J. Postprandial proximal gastric acid pocket and its association with gastroesophageal acid reflux in patients with short-segment Barrett's esophagus. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:581-589. [PMID: 32633112 PMCID: PMC7383323 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the characteristics of postprandial proximal gastric acid pockets (PPGAPs) and their association with gastroesophageal acid reflux in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE). METHODS Fifteen patients with BE (defined by columnar lined esophagus of ≥1 cm) and 15 healthy individuals that were matched for age, gender, and body mass index, were recruited. The fasting intragastric pH and the appearance time, length, lowest pH, and mean pH of the PPGAP were determined using a single pH electrode pull-through experiment. For BE patients, a gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GerdQ) was completed and esophageal 24-h pH monitoring was carried out. RESULTS The PPGAP was significantly longer (5 (3, 5) cm vs. 2 (1, 2) cm) and the lowest pH (1.1 (0.8, 1.5) vs. 1.6 (1.4, 1.9)) was significantly lower in patients with short-segment BE than in healthy individuals. The PPGAP started to appear proximally from the gastroesophageal pH step-up point to the esophageal lumen. The acidity of the PPGAP was higher in the distal segment than in the proximal segment. In short-segment BE patients, there were significant correlations between the acidity and the appearance time and length of the PPGAP. The length and acidity of the PPGAP were positively associated with gastroesophageal acid reflux episodes. The acidity of the PPGAP was associated with the DeMeester scores, the GerdQ scores, and the fasting intragastric pH. CONCLUSIONS In patients with short-segment BE, a PPGAP is commonly seen. Its length and acidity of PPGAP are associated with gastroesophageal acid reflux, the DeMeester score, and the GerdQ score in patients with short-segment BE.
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913
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Wang X, Wang MJ, Jiang XB, Wang HJ, Zhao HY. Letter: Strategies for Prevention and Control of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection Among Medical Staff. Neurosurgery 2020; 87:E57-E62. [PMID: 32277757 PMCID: PMC7184454 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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914
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Cui Y, Yang ZX, Wang CM, Zhu ZP. Appearance of cerebellar cyst following microvascular decompression to treat hemifacial spasm: a report of two cases and literature review. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520932118. [PMID: 32701371 PMCID: PMC7378725 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520932118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular decompression (MVD) is an effective and safe approach for treating hemifacial spasm (HFS). Postoperative complications may include facial nerve palsy, hearing loss, intracerebral haematoma, and brainstem infarction. The occurrence of intracranial cyst following MVD is extremely rare, with few cases documented in the literature. Herein, the cases of two patients with HFS who developed ipsilateral cerebellar cyst following MVD are reported. The first patient was a 50-year-old male presenting with a 6-year history of HFS on the right side of his face. MVD was performed, and 12 days postoperatively he developed dizziness and nausea. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a cyst in the ipsilateral cerebellum. Antibiotic treatment provided no benefit, and the cyst was drained. The second patient was a 44-year-old female presenting with a 4-year history of HFS on the right side of her face. MVD was performed, and 18 days following surgery, she developed dizziness and nausea. MRI showed an ipsilateral cerebellar cyst. Conservative treatment was applied and the cyst shrunk. At the 2-month follow-up appointment, symptoms were completely resolved in both patients. Cerebellar cyst is a rare complication following MVD. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment should be emphasized, and surgical treatment may be unnecessary.
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915
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Cao Y, Cai K, Xiong L. Coronavirus disease 2019: A new severe acute respiratory syndrome from Wuhan in China. Acta Virol 2020; 64:245-250. [PMID: 32551792 DOI: 10.4149/av_2020_201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] [Imported: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has emerged during December 2019. The ongoing outbreak in Wuhan City spread rapidly throughout China, where the fatality rate ranged from 2.1 to 4.9%. Due to its high transmissibility, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health emergency of international concern on 30 January 2020. The current outbreak has the potential to become the first pandemic of the new millennium. Most patients who were first diagnosed with COVID-19 worked at or lived in the vicinity of the local Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, where live animals were also on sale. The concerted efforts of Chinese scientists led to the independent isolation from patients and identification of a novel coronavirus, SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), on 6 January 2020; this has been an important step in the development of treatment. The purpose of this article is to overview the history, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID 2019 reported in recently published studies. Based on the results of virus genome sequencing and a model of the interaction between host cells and the virus, we propose several possible targets for antiviral drugs, which may provide new ideas for epidemic control and vaccine development. Keywords: 2019 novel coronavirus; pneumonia; SARS-CoV-2; Coronaviridae; COVID-19.
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Jiang W, Geng H, Lv X, Ma J, Liu F, Lin P, Yan C. Idebenone Protects against Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Via Activation of the SIRT3-SOD2-mtROS Pathway. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:1129-1145. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] [Imported: 07/28/2023]
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917
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Yang Y, Cui D, Bi H, He Q, Ge Y, Zhang Q, Zhou J, Qiu H. 4-phenylbutyric acid alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mouse via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-29721/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] [Imported: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is a chemical chaperone that may aid the folding of proteins and alleviate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by inhibiting the unfolded protein response (UPR). This study explores the effects of 4-PBA on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) using a murine model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis.Methods: Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by intratracheal injection of BLM. Sixty mice were randomly allocated into three groups: BLM group (n=20), BLM+4-PBA group (n=20), and control group (n=20). Lung tissues and lung function were analyzed to evaluate the degree of pulmonary fibrosis and the survival of the mice was noted. The expression levels of the ER stress markers activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) were analyzed in lung tissues from IPF patients and healthy controls as well as the mice.Results: Lung tissues from IPF patients expressed significantly higher levels of ATF6 and CHOP compared to those from healthy controls. BLM induced significant collagen deposition in the lungs of the mice, which was prevented by 4-PBA. 4-PBA also dramatically improved pulmonary function and increased the survival rate in the BLM+4-PBA group compared to that in the BLM group. Both the protein and mRNA expression levels of ATF6 and CHOP were significantly reduced in mouse lung tissue after 2 weeks of 4-PBA treatment.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that 4-PBA treatment could alleviate BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via the attenuation of ER stress.
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xu K, tan H, fu Y, wang Q, han S, tang B, di M, Tang Q. The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019: update on the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies.. [DOI: 10.22541/au.159110366.63933943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] [Imported: 07/28/2023]
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919
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Yang X, Chen J, Pan A, Wu JHY, Zhao F, Xie Y, Wang Y, Ye Y, Pan XF, Yang CX. Association between Higher Blood Pressure and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Adults. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:436-445. [PMID: 31769238 PMCID: PMC7332331 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] [Imported: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the prospective association between higher blood pressure (BP) and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. METHODS A total of 9,642 middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults (≥45 years old; 47.30% men) without diabetes from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included for analyses. Participants were categorized into three groups: normal BP, prehypertension, and hypertension, according to the 2010 Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. The incidence of T2DM was determined by self-reported physician diagnosis during two follow-up surveys conducted in 2013 to 2014 and 2015 to 2016. RESULTS During the 4-year follow-up, 429 participants (4.45%) developed T2DM, including 3.51% of the men and 5.29% of the women. The incidence rates of T2DM were 2.57%, 3.75%, and 6.71% in the normal BP, prehypertension, and hypertension groups, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, education level, residence, smoking status, alcohol consumption, body mass index, waist circumference, and dyslipidemia, both prehypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 1.77) and hypertension (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.54 to 2.64) were associated with increased risk of T2DM, compared to those with a normal BP. The ORs associated with T2DM were 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.13) for an increase of 10 mm Hg in systolic BP and 1.06 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.10) for an increase of 5 mm Hg in diastolic BP. CONCLUSION Higher BP is a risk factor for T2DM in middle-aged and elderly Chines. It may be a potential target for diabetes prevention.
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920
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Liu F, Li L, Xu M, Wu J, Luo D, Zhu Y, Li B, Song X, Zhou X. Prognostic value of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin in patients with COVID-19. J Clin Virol 2020; 127:104370. [PMID: 32344321 PMCID: PMC7194648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 685] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory response plays a critical role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and inflammatory cytokine storm increases the severity of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE To investigate the ability of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) to predict mild and severe cases of COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective cohort study included 140 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from January 18, 2020, to March 12, 2020. The study population was divided into two groups according to disease severity: a mild group (MG) (n = 107) and a severe group (SG) (n = 33). Data on demographic characteristics, baseline clinical characteristics, and the levels of IL-6, CRP, and PCT on admission were collected. RESULTS Among the 140 patients, the levels of IL-6, CRP, and PCT increased in 95 (67.9 %), 91 (65.0 %), and 8 (5.7 %) patients on admission, respectively. The proportion of patients with increased IL-6, CRP, and PCT levels was significantly higher in the SG than in the MG. Cox proportional hazard model showed that IL-6 and CRP could be used as independent factors to predict the severity of COVID-19. Furthermore, patients with IL-6 > 32.1 pg/mL or CRP > 41.8 mg/L were more likely to have severe complications. CONCLUSION The serum levels of IL-6 and CRP can effectively assess disease severity and predict outcome in patients with COVID-19.
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921
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Tan J, Liu S, Zhuang L, Chen L, Dong M, Zhang J, Xin Y. Transmission and clinical characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future Virol 2020; 15:10.2217/fvl-2020-0087. [PMCID: PMC7291769 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease, SARS-CoV-2, is now spreading globally and is characterized by person-to-person transmission. However, it has recently been found that individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 can be asymptomatic, and simultaneously a source of infection in others. The viral load detected in nasopharyngeal swabs of asymptomatic carriers is relatively high, with a great potential for transmission. More attention should be paid to the insidious spread of disease and harm contributed by asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. To provide a theoretical basis for the accurate and early clinical identification of asymptomatic patients, this review objectively summarizes the epidemic status, transmission characteristics and clinical features of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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922
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Jing Q, Ren L, Deng X, Zhang N, Fu M, Wang G, Jiang XR, Lin SR, Ming CR. Electroacupuncture Promotes Neural Proliferation in Hippocampus of Perimenopausal Depression Rats via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2020; 13:94-103. [PMID: 32278077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2020.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] [Imported: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Perimenopausal depression is caused by the impaired function of the ovarium before menopause and with a series of symptoms. Electroacupuncture (EA) therapy has been demonstrated to improve clinically depression. However, the mechanism underlying its therapeutic activity remains unknown. This study aimed to investigat the effects of EA treatment on the hippocampal neural proliferation through Wnt signaling pathway. METHODS Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) combined with bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) were used to establish a rat model of perimenopausal depression. The open field test (OFT) and sucrose preference test (SPT) were used to assess depression-like behaviors in rats. ELISAs were used to measure estrogen (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels in the serum. RT-PCR and Western blot assay were utilized for measuring the mRNA expressions and protein expressions of GSK-3β/β-catenin. RESULTS Four-week EA treatment at three points including "Shenshu" (BL23), "Baihui" (GV20) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP6) simultaneously ameliorated depression-like behaviors in rats with CUMS and OVX, whereas rescued the decreased serum level of E2 and prevented the increased serum levels of GnRH and LH. EA treatment ameliorated CUMS and OVX-induced alterations of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin mRNA levels, β-catenin and phosphorylated β-catenin (p-β-catenin) protein levels. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that EA treatment promoted hippocampal neural proliferation in perimenopausal depression rats via activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, indicating that EA may represent an efficacious therapy for perimenopausal depression.
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Li XB, Jiang WL, Wen YJ, Wang CM, Tian Q, Fan Y, Yang HB, Wang CY. The attenuated visual scanpaths of patients with schizophrenia whilst recognizing emotional facial expressions are worsened in natural social scenes. Schizophr Res 2020; 220:155-163. [PMID: 32265087 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] [Imported: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of visual scanpaths under emotional facial expression in schizophrenia patients has been described in recent years; however, it is not clear whether such results are different when they transfer to faces in natural social scenes. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of emotional faces in natural social scenes on the gaze patterns of patients with schizophrenia, compared to gaze at isolated faces. A novel theme identification task was used where participants selected a positive, neutral or negative word to describe an emotional picture. Participants were 29 patients with schizophrenia and 31 healthy controls. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Scale of Social Function in Psychosis Inpatients (SSPI) were used to assess symptoms and social functioning. In total, patients with schizophrenia showed significantly fewer fixations, saccades numbers and decreased fixations in areas of interest. As expected, patients showed shorter scanpath length, but only in the pictures with social settings. Furthermore, the effect size of scanpaths parameters under social scene was all greater than isolated face. In addition, patients compared to controls showed more abnormal scanpath parameters processing negative and neutral faces than positive faces, especially in social scene. The present study suggests that scanpath length for social scene faces may be more sensitive than for isolated face pictures. Our findings further support restricted scanpath whilst recognizing emotional facial expressions in natural social scenes as a favorable topic for further investigation as a trait marker.
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Wei R, Bao W, He F, Meng F, Liang H, Luo B. Pannexin1 Channel Inhibitor (10panx) Protects Against Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Inhibiting RIP3 Expression and Inflammatory Response in Rats. Neuroscience 2020; 437:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] [Imported: 07/28/2023]
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925
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Huang J, Ding J. Coronavirus Disease 2019: Initial High Resolution Computed Tomography Imaging Feature Analysis: Report of 7 Cases. Jpn J Infect Dis 2020; 73:459-461. [PMID: 32475876 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] [Imported: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The number of reported cases of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has increased since December 2019. The initial high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images of 7 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, China, were collected and analyzed. The study showed that all patients had had close contact with other COVID-19 patients and presented with fever. The initial white blood cell counts of all patients were normal. Subsequently, the percentage of lymphocytes decreased in 3 patients. In all 7 patients with COVID-19, ground-glass opacity (GGO) was found in the HRCT images, mainly distributed in the subpleural region of the lungs. The HRCT scans of 6 patients showed bilateral lobar lesions, with mainly peripheral subpleural distribution; 1 patient, instead, showed unilateral lobar involvement. The right lung was more extensively involved than the left lung in 6 patients, and the lower lobe was more extensively involved than the upper lobe in 5 patients. The initial chest HRCT images of the lungs of the analyzed COVID-19 patients had specific characteristics. The typical manifestation at both lungs was an extensive GGO-type infiltrate, with thickened vascular bundles and focal center consolidation. Pleural effusion, bilateral hilar, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy were rare.
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