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Gan W, Gao N, Gu L, Mo Z, Pang X, Lei Z, Gao Z. Reduction in Intrahepatic cccDNA and Integration of HBV in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with a Functional Cure. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:314-22. [PMID: 36643049 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00177] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Functional cure (FC) is characterized by the clearance of the hepatitis B surface antigen from the serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, the level of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) integration remains unclear. We conducted this study to determine them and reveal their value in the treatment of CHB. Methods There were two sessions to elucidate the changes in intrahepatic cccDNA and HBV integration after antiviral therapy. In the first session, 116 patients were enrolled and divided into FC, non-functional cure (NFC), and CHB groups, including 48 patients with functionally cured CHB, 27 with CHB without functional cure after antiviral treatment, and 41 with treatment-naïve CHB. Patients were tested for both intrahepatic cccDNA and other viral markers. All patients in the FC group were followed up for at least 24 weeks to observe relapse. In the second session, another ten patients were included for in-depth whole-genome sequencing to analyze HBV integration. Results Thirteen patients in the FC group were negative for intrahepatic cccDNA. Intrahepatic cccDNA was much higher in the CHB group compared with the FC group. Seven patients had HBsAg seroreversion, including two with virological relapse. Integration of HBV was detected in one (33.3%) functionally cured patients and in seven (100%) with CHB. 28.0% of the HBV breakpoints were assigned in the 1,500 nt to 1,900 nt range of the HBV genome. Conclusions After achieving an FC, the rate of intrahepatic cccDNA and HBV integration was significantly reduced in patients with CHB. For those patients who cleared intrahepatic cccDNA, the chances of developing virological relapse were even lower.
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Liu YQ, Zhang C, Li JW, Cao LH, Zhang ZQ, Zhao WF, Shang QH, Zhang DZ, Ma AL, Xie Q, Gui HL, Zhang G, Liu YX, Shang J, Xie SB, Li J, Zhang XQ, Zou ZQ, Chen YP, Zhang Z, Zhang MX, Cheng J, Zhang FC, Huang LH, Li JB, Meng QH, Yu HB, Mi YQ, Peng YZ, Wang ZJ, Chen LM, Meng FP, Ren WH, Bai L, Zeng YL, Fan R, Lou XZ, Liang WF, Liu H, Zhuang H, Zhao H, Wang GQ. An-Luo-Hua-Xian Pill Improves the Regression of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated with Entecavir. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:304-13. [PMID: 36643032 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00091] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can cause liver fibrosis and lead to cirrhosis and cancer. As the effectiveness of antiviral therapy to reverse liver fibrosis is limited, We aimed to evaluate the effect of An-Luo-Hua-Xian pill (ALHX) on fibrosis regression in CHB patients treated with entecavir (ETV). Methods Treatment-naïve patients with CHB were randomly treated with ETV alone or combined with ALHX (ETV+ALHX) between October 1, 2013 and December 31, 2020. Demographic, laboratory, and liver histology data before and after 78 weeks of treatment were collected. The Ishak fibrosis score (F) was used and fibrosis regression required a decrease in F of ≥1 after treatment. Results A total of 780 patients were enrolled, and 394 with a second liver biopsy after treatment were included in the per-protocol population, 132 in ETV group and 262 in ETV+ALHX group. After 78 weeks of treatment, the fibrosis regression rate in the ETV+ALHX group was significantly higher than that of the ETV group at baseline F≥3 patients: 124/211 (58.8%) vs. 45/98 (45.9%), p=0.035. The percentage of patients with a decreased liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was higher in the ETV+ALHX group: 156/211 (73.9%) vs. 62/98 (63.%), p=0.056. Logistic regression analysis showed that ETV combined with ALHX was associated with fibrosis regression [odds ratio (OR)=1.94, p=0.018], and a family history of hepatocellular carcinoma was on the contrary. (OR=0.41, p=0.031). Conclusions ETV combined with ALHX increased liver fibrosis regression in CHB patients.
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Li J, Lu H, Zhang J, Li Y, Zhao Q. Comprehensive Approach to Assessment of Liver Viability During Normothermic Machine Perfusion. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:466-79. [PMID: 36643041 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00130] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment of advanced liver disease, and the use of extended criteria donor organs has broadened the source of available livers. Although normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has become a useful tool in liver transplantation, there are no consistent criteria that can be used to evaluate the viability of livers during NMP. This review summarizes the criteria, indicators, and methods used to evaluate liver viability during NMP. The shape, appearance, and hemodynamics of the liver can be analyzed at a macroscopic level, while markers of liver injury, indicators of liver and bile duct function, and other relevant indicators can be evaluated by biochemical analysis. The liver can also be assessed by tissue biopsy at the microscopic level. Novel methods for assessment of liver viability are introduced. The limitations of evaluating liver viability during NMP are discussed and suggestions for future clinical practice are provided.
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Yin KL, Li M, Song PP, Duan YX, Ye WT, Tang W, Kokudo N, Gao Q, Liao R. Unraveling the Emerging Niche Role of Hepatic Stellate Cell-derived Exosomes in Liver Diseases. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:441-51. [PMID: 36643031 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00326] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play an essential role in various liver diseases, and exosomes are critical mediators of intercellular communication in local and distant microenvironments. Cellular crosstalk between HSCs and surrounding multiple tissue-resident cells promotes or inhibits the activation of HSCs. Substantial evidence has revealed that HSC-derived exosomes are involved in the occurrence and development of liver diseases through the regulation of retinoid metabolism, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, protein metabolism, and mitochondrial metabolism. HSC-derived exosomes are underpinned by vehicle molecules, such as mRNAs and microRNAs, that function in, and significantly affect, the processes of various liver diseases, such as acute liver injury, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, fibrosis, and cancer. As such, numerous exosomes derived from HSCs or HSC-associated exosomes have attracted attention because of their biological roles and translational applications as potential targets for therapeutic targets. Herein, we review the pathophysiological and metabolic processes associated with HSC-derived exosomes, their roles in various liver diseases and their potential clinical application.
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Wang W, Zhang R, Feng N, Zhang L, Liu N. Overexpression of RBM34 Promotes Tumor Progression and Correlates with Poor Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:369-81. [PMID: 36643033 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00166] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Emerging evidence suggests that RNA-binding motif (RBM) proteins are involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and act either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of RBM34, an RBM protein, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We first examined the expression of RBM34 across cancers. The correlation of RBM34 with clinicopathological features and the prognostic value of RBM34 for HCC was then investigated. Functional enrichment analysis of RBM34-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed to explore its biological function. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was applied to identify downstream genes and pathways affected upon RBM34 knockout. The correlation of RBM34 with immune characteristics was also analyzed. The oncogenic function of RBM34 was examined in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results RBM34 was highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and correlated with poor clinicopathological features and prognosis. RBM34 was positively associated with tumor immune cell infiltration, biomarkers of immune cells, and immune checkpoint expression. A positive correlation was also observed between RBM34, T cell exhaustion, and regulatory T cell marker genes. Knockout of RBM34 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and xenograft tumor growth, and sensitized HCC cells to sorafenib treatment. RBM34 inhibition reduced FGFR2 expression and affected PI3K-AKT pathway activation in HCC cells. Conclusions Our study suggests that RBM34 may serve as a new prognostic marker and therapeutic target of HCC.
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Xiao Y, Yuan J, Yang C, Xiong J, Deng L, Liang Q, He C, Li L, He F, Huang X. (125)I Radioactive Particles Drive Protective Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Upregulating ATG9B. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:360-8. [PMID: 36643035 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00023] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims 125I radioactive particles implantation have demonstrated efficacy in eradicating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, progressive resistance of HCC to 125I radioactive particles has limited its wide clinical application. Methods We investigated the cellular responses to 125I radioactive particles treatment and autophagy-related 9B (ATG9B) silencing in HCC cell lines and Hep3B xenografted tumor model using Cell Counting Kit-8 reagent, western blotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Results In this study, we demonstrated that 125I radioactive particles induced cell apoptosis and protective autophagy of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of autophagy enhanced the radiosensitivity of HCC to 125I radioactive particles. Moreover, 125I radioactive particles induced autophagy by upregulating ATG9B, with increased expression level of LC3B and decreased expression level of p62. Furthermore, ATG9B silencing downregulated LC3B expression and upregulated p62 expression and enhanced radiosensitivity of HCC to 125I radioactive particles in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Inhibition of ATG9B enhanced the antitumor effects of 125I particle radiation against HCC in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that 125I particle radiation plus chloroquine or/and the ATG9B inhibitor may be a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Zhuo H, Wu C, Tang J, Zhang F, Xu Z, Sun D, Teng Y, Tan Z. RP11-40C6.2 Inactivates Hippo Signaling by Attenuating YAP1 Ubiquitylation in Hepatitis B Virus-associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:323-33. [PMID: 36643034 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2021.00584] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the roles of oncogenic HBV infection-associated long noncoding RNAs in HCC. Methods Bioinformatics analysis of data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was performed to screen potential oncogenic HBV-related lncRNAs. Next, we assessed their expression in clinical samples and investigated their correlation with clinical characteristics. The detailed oncogenic effects were analyzed by performing in vitro and in vivo studies. Results RP11-40C6.2, an HBV infection-related lncRNA, was identified by analysis of the TCGA-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma database. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed a strong association of RP11-40C6.2 with the Hippo signaling pathway. RP11-40C6.2 was overexpressed in HCC patients with HBV infection compared to those without HBV infection. RP11-40C6.2 transcription showed a positive association with HBV-X protein (HBx), but not HBV core protein (HBc) expression, both of which are carcinogenic proteins. Luciferase gene reporter and ChIP assays revealed that YAP1/TAZ/TEADs complex enhanced RP11-40C6.2 transcription by binding to its promoter area. RP11-40C6.2 showed oncogenic characteristics in HCC cell lines and in animal models that were mediated via activation of YAP1. In vitro ubiquitylation assay revealed that RP11-40C6.2 can promote the stabilization of YAP1 by stopping phosphorylation at its s127 residue and further stopping its degradation through binding to 14-3-3. Conclusions RP11-40C6.2 is an HBV infection-related lncRNA that exerts its oncogenic effects by targeting the Hippo signaling pathway.
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Eletreby R, Elsharkawy M, Taha AA, Hassany M, Abdelazeem A, El-Kassas M, Soliman A. Evaluation of GALAD Score in Diagnosis and Follow-up of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Local Ablative Therapy. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:334-40. [PMID: 36643039 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00013] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Strategies for detection of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still limited. The GALAD score is a serum biomarker-based model designed to predict the probability of having HCC. We aimed to assess the ability of GALAD score to diagnose early HCC and its validity to follow patients after local ablation therapy. Methods This multicenter prospective study included 108 patients in two groups, 58 HCC patients (67 focal lesions) with local ablative therapy (study group), and a control group of 50 patients with liver cirrhosis. The GALAD scores of the study and control groups, and of the HCC patients before and after ablative therapy were compared. Results Most patients were men (74.1% in study group and 76% in controls) with hepatitis C virus infection (98.30% in the study group, and 94% in controls). GALAD scores were significantly higher in HCC patients than in those with benign cirrhosis (2.65 vs. -0.37, p=0.001). Ablative therapy was successful in 94.4% of focal lesions <2 cm, and in 86.10% of 2-5 cm lesions. The GALAD score was also significantly lower at 1 month after ablation in patients with well-ablated tumors (2.19 vs. 0.98, p=0.001). The best cutoff values of GALAD score for diagnosis of early HCC, and for prediction of well ablation of HCC were 0.74 and ≤3.31 (areas under the curve of 0.92 and 0.75, sensitivities of 84.48% and 76.19%, specificities of 89.13% and 83.33%, positive predictive values of 90.74% and 94.1%, and negative predictive values of 82% and 35.7% respectively). Conclusion The GALAD score was effective for the diagnosis of early HCC and for follow-up after ablative therapy.
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Xu Z, Xi F, Deng X, Ni Y, Pu C, Wang D, Lou W, Zeng X, Su N, Chen C, Zeng Z, Deng L, Jiang M. Osteopontin Promotes Macrophage M1 Polarization by Activation of the JAK1/STAT1/HMGB1 Signaling Pathway in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:273-83. [PMID: 36643029 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2021.00474] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Osteopontin (OPN) is reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the function of OPN in NAFLD is still inconclusive. Therefore, our aim in this study was to evaluate the role of OPN in NAFLD and clarify the involved mechanisms. Methods We analyzed the expression change of OPN in NAFLD by bioinformatic analysis, qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. To clarify the role of OPN in NAFLD, the effect of OPN from HepG2 cells on macrophage polarization and the involved mechanisms were examined by FACS and western blotting. Results OPN was significantly upregulated in NAFLD patients compared with normal volunteers by microarray data, and the high expression of OPN was related with disease stage and progression. OPN level was also significantly increased in liver tissue samples of NAFLD from human and mouse, and in HepG2 cells treated with oleic acid (OA). Furthermore, the supernatants of OPN-treated HepG2 cells promoted the macrophage M1 polarization. Mechanistically, OPN activated the janus kinase 1(JAK1)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling pathway in HepG2 cells, and consequently HepG2 cells secreted more high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), thereby promoting macrophage M1 polarization. Conclusions OPN promoted macrophage M1 polarization by increasing JAK1/STAT1-induced HMGB1 secretion in hepatocytes.
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Chen J, Lou S, Chen H, Zhou B, Sun J, Hou J, Jiang DK. CD55 Variant Associated with Pegylated-interferon α Therapy Response in HBeAg-positive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:295-303. [PMID: 36643051 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00057] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Only a small percentage of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients effectively respond to treatment with pegylated-interferon alpha (PegIFNα) or nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs). We aimed to detect the correlations of complement regulators-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with treatment response of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB patients. Methods A total of 1,763 HBeAg-positive CHB patients were enrolled, 894 received PegIFNα for at least 48 weeks and were followed up for 24 weeks, and 869 received NUCs for 104 weeks. For each patient, nine SNPs in genes encoding for complement regulators were determined and genotyped. To assess the cumulative effect of numerous SNPs, a polygenic score (PGS) was utilized. The correlations of SNPs and PGS with the levels of combined response (CR) and hepatitis B s antigen (HBsAg) loss were also investigated. Results In PegIFNα-treated patients, an intronic SNP of CD55, rs28371597, was strongly related to CR, and the CR rate in rs28371597_GG genotype carriers was only approximately half that of rs28371597_GT/TT genotype carriers (20.29% vs. 37.10%, p=2.00 × 10-3). A PGS incorporating CD55_rs28371597 and two additional SNPs, CFB_rs12614 and STAT4_rs7574865, which had been considered as predictors for PegIFNα treatment response before, was strongly correlated with the levels of CR (p-trend=7.94×10-6) and HBsAg loss (p-trend=9.40×10-3) in PegIFNα-treated patients. In NUCs-treated individuals, however, none of the nine SNPs were shown to be significantly linked to CHB treatment response. Conclusions CD55_rs28371597 is a promising biomarker for predicting CHB patients' responsiveness to PegIFNα therapy. The updated PGS may be used for optimizing CHB treatment.
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Bao Q, Wang Z, Cheng S, Zhang J, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Cheng D, Guo X, Wang X, Han B, Sun P. Peptidomic Analysis Reveals that Novel Peptide LDP2 Protects Against Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:405-15. [PMID: 36643038 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00094] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has become an inevitable issue during liver transplantation, with no effective treatments available. However, peptide drugs provide promising regimens for the treatment of this injury and peptidomics has gradually attracted increasing attention. This study was designed to analyze the spectrum of peptides in injured livers and explore the potential beneficial peptides involved in I/R injury. Methods C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a liver I/R injury animal model. Changes in peptide profiles in I/R-injured livers were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and the functions of the identified peptides were predicted by bioinformatics. AML12 cells were used to simulate hepatic I/R injury in vitro. After treatment with candidate liver-derived peptides (LDPs) 1-10, the cells were collected at various reperfusion times for further study. Results Our preliminary study demonstrated that 6 h of reperfusion caused the most liver I/R injury. Peptidomic results suggested that 10 down-regulated peptides were most likely to alleviate I/R injury by supporting mitochondrial function. Most importantly, a novel peptide, LDP2, was identified that alleviated I/R injury of AML12 cells. It increased cell viability and reduced the expression of inflammation- and apoptosis-related proteins. In addition, LDP2 inhibited the expression of proteins related to autophagy. Conclusions Investigation of changes in the profiles of peptides in I/R-injured livers led to identification of a novel peptide, LDP2 with potential function in liver protection by inhibiting inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy.
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Zhong BY, Jin ZC, Chen JJ, Zhu HD, Zhu XL. Role of Transarterial Chemoembolization in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:480-9. [PMID: 36643046 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00293] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. According to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the first-line recommendation for intermediate-stage HCC. In real-world clinical practice, TACE also plays an important role in early- and advanced-stage HCC. This review article by the experts from Chinese Liver Cancer Clinical Study Alliance (CHANCE) summarizes the available clinical evidence pertaining to the current application of TACE in patients with early-, intermediate-, and advanced-stage HCC. In addition, combination of TACE with other treatment modalities, especially immunotherapy, is reviewed.
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Ding H, Yu JH, Ge G, Ma YY, Wang JC, Zhang J, Liu J. RASAL2 Deficiency Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis by Promoting Hepatic VLDL Secretion via the AKT/TET1/MTTP Axis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:261-72. [PMID: 36643045 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00042] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims RAS protein activator like 2 (RASAL2) is a newly discovered metabolic regulator involved in energy homeostasis and adipogenesis. However, whether RASAL2 is involved in hepatic lipid metabolism remains undetermined. This study explored the function of RASAL2 and elucidated its potential mechanisms in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods NAFLD models were established either by feeding mice a high-fat diet or by incubation of hepatocytes with 1 mM free fatty acids (oleic acid:palmitic acid=2:1). Pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Lipid accumulation was assessed by Oil Red O staining, BODIPY493/503 staining, and triglyceride quantification. The in vivo secretion rate of very low-density lipoprotein was determined by intravenous injection of tyloxapol. Gene regulation was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation combined with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results RASAL2 deficiency ameliorated hepatic steatosis both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, RASAL2 deficiency upregulated hepatic TET1 expression by activating the AKT signaling pathway and thereby promoted MTTP expression by DNA hydroxymethylation, leading to increased production and secretion of very low-density lipoprotein, which is the major carrier of triglycerides exported from the liver to distal tissues. Conclusions Our study reports the first evidence that RASAL2 deficiency ameliorates hepatic steatosis by regulating lipid metabolism through the AKT/TET1/MTTP axis. These findings will help understand the pathogenesis of NAFLD and highlight the potency of RASAL2 as a new molecular target for NAFLD.
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Zhang HD, Li XM, Zhang YH, Hu F, Tan L, Wang F, Jing Y, Guo DJ, Xu Y, Hu XL, Liu C, Wang J. Evaluation of Preoperative Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Multidimensional Parameter Combination Modeling Based on Gd-EOB-DTPA MRI. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:350-9. [PMID: 36643030 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2021.00546] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The study established and compared the efficacy of the clinicoradiological model, radiomics model and clinicoradiological-radiomics hybrid model in predicting the microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) enhanced MRI. Methods This was a study that enrolled 602 HCC patients from two institutions. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) method was used to screen for the most important clinicoradiological and radiomics features that predict MVI pre-operatively. Three machine learning algorithms were used to establish the clinicoradiological, radiomics, and clinicoradiological-radiomics hybrid models. Area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Delong's test were used to compare and quantify the predictive performance of the models. Results The AUCs of the clinicoradiological model in training and validation cohorts were 0.793 and 0.701, respectively. The radiomics signature of arterial phase (AP) images alone achieved satisfying predictive efficacy for MVI, with AUCs of 0.671 and 0.643 in training and validation cohort, respectively. The combination of clinicoradiological factors and fusion radiomics signature of AP and VP images achieved AUCs of 0.824 and 0.801 in training and validation cohorts, 0.812 and 0.805 in prospective validation and external validation cohorts, respectively. The hybrid model provided the best prediction results. The results of the Delong test revealed that there were statistically significant differences among the clinicoradiological-radiomics hybrid model, clinicoradiological model, and radiomics model (p<0.05). Conclusions The combination of clinicoradiological factors and fusion radiomics signature of AP and VP images based on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI can effectively predict MVI.
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Zeng W, Mao R, Zhang Z, Chen X. Combination Therapies for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:490-501. [PMID: 36643047 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00277] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a group of malignant neoplasms that have recently increased in incidence and have a poor prognosis. Surgery is the only curative therapy. However, most patients are only indicated for palliative therapy because of advanced-stage disease at diagnosis and rapid progression. The current first-line treatment for advanced BTC is gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy. Nonetheless, many patients develop resistance to this regimen. Over the years, few chemotherapy regimens have managed to improve the overall survival of patients. Accordingly, novel therapies such as targeted therapy have been introduced to treat this patient population. Extensive research on tumorigenesis and the genetic profiling of BTC have revealed the heterogenicity and potential target pathways, such as EGFR, VEGF, MEK/ERK, PI3K and mTOR. Moreover, mutational analysis has documented the presence of IDH1, FGFR2, HER2, PRKACA, PRKACB, BRAF, and KRAS gene aberrations. The emergence of immunotherapy in recent years has expanded the treatment landscape for this group of malignancies. Cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been extensively investigated in trials of BTC. Therefore, patient stratification and a combination of various therapies have become a reasonable and important clinical strategy to improve patient outcomes. This review elaborates the literature on combined treatment strategies for advanced BTC from the past few years and ongoing clinical trials to provide new inspiration for the treatment of advanced BTC.
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Liu FY, Shi M, Li X, Yuan HJ, Tian XM, Xia YM, Zhou M, Wang FS. MRI/PAI Dual-modal Imaging-guided Precise Tracking of Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Labeled with Nanoparticles for Treating Liver Cirrhosis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:382-92. [PMID: 36643042 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2021.00580] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Stem cell transplantation is a potential treatment option for liver cirrhosis (LC). Accurately and noninvasively monitoring the distribution, migration, and prognosis of transplanted stem cells using imaging methods is important for in-depth study of the treatment mechanisms. Our study aimed to develop Au-Fe3O4 silica nanoparticles (NPs) as tracking nanoplatforms for dual-modal stem cell imaging. Methods Au-Fe3O4 silica NPs were synthesized by seed-mediated growth method and co-precipitation. The efficiency and cytotoxicity of the NPs-labeled bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, ICP-MS, phenotypic characterization, and histological staining. The biodistribution of labeled BM-MSCs injected through different routes (the hepatic artery or tail vein) into rats with LC was detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), and Prussian blue staining. Results Synthesized Au-Fe3O4 silica NPs consisted of a core (star-shaped Au NPs) and an outside silica layer doped with Fe3O4 NPs. After 24 h coincubation with 2.0 OD concentration of NPs, the viability of BM-MSCs was 77.91%±5.86% and the uptake of Au and Fe were (22.65±1.82) µg/mL and (234.03±11.47) µg/mL, respectively. The surface markers of labeled BM-MSCs unchanged significantly. Labeled BM-MSCs have osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. Post injection in vivo, rat livers were hypointense on MRI and hyperintense on PAI. Prussian blue staining showed that more labeled BM-MSCs accumulated in the liver of the hepatic artery group. The severity of LC of the rats in the hepatic artery group was significantly alleviated. Conclusions Au-Fe3O4 silica NPs were suitable MRI/PAI dual-modal imaging nanoplatforms for stem cell tracking in regenerative medicine. Transhepatic arterial infusion of BM-MSCs was the optimal route for the treatment of LC.
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Liu L, Yin M, Gao J, Yu C, Lin J, Wu A, Zhu J, Xu C, Liu X. Intestinal Barrier Function in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:452-8. [PMID: 36643028 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00089] [Cited by in Crossref: 1] [Cited by in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. The mechanisms involved in NAFLD onset are complicated and multifactorial. Recent literature has indicated that altered intestinal barrier function is related to the occurrence and progression of liver disease. The intestinal barrier is important for absorbing nutrients and electrolytes and for defending against toxins and antigens in the enteric environment. Major mechanisms by which the intestinal barrier influences the development of NAFLD involve the altered epithelial layer, decreased intracellular junction integrity, and increased intestinal barrier permeability. Increased intestinal permeability leads to luminal dysbiosis and allows the translocation of pathogenic bacteria and metabolites into the liver, inducing inflammation, immune response, and hepatocyte injury in NAFLD. Although research has been directed to NAFLD in recent decades, the pathophysiological changes in NAFLD initiation and progression are still not completely understood, and the therapeutic targets remain limited. A deeper understanding on the correlation between NAFLD pathogenesis and intestinal barrier regulation must be attained. Therefore, in this review, the components of the intestinal barrier and their respective functions and disruptions during the progression of NAFLD are discussed.
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Huang D, Peng J, Lei L, Chen Y, Zhu Z, Cai Q, Deng Y, Chen J. Time of Liver Function Abnormal Identification on Prediction of the Risk of Anti-tuberculosis-induced Liver Injury. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:425-32. [PMID: 36643044 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00077] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug-induced liver injury (AT-DILI) is the most common side effect in patients who received anti-TB therapy. AT-DILI management includes monitoring liver function until symptoms arise in patients without high-risk factors for liver damage. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of liver function test (LFT) abnormal identification on the risk of DILI, including liver failure and anti-TB drug resistance in patients without high-risk factors. Methods A total of 399 patients without high-risk factors for liver damage at baseline and who experienced LFT abnormal during the 6 months of first-line anti-TB treatment were enrolled. The Roussel Uclaf Causal Relationship Assessment Method (RUCAM, 2016) was applied in suspected DILI. The correlations between the time of LFT abnormal identification and DILI, liver failure, and anti-TB drug resistance were analyzed by smooth curve fitting and multivariable logistic regression models. Results Among all study patients, 131 met the criteria for DILI with a mean RUCAM causality score of 8.86±0.63. 26/131 and 105/131 were in the probable grading and highly probable grading, respectively. The time of abnormal LFT identification was an independent predictor of DILI, liver failure, and anti-TB drug resistance in the crude model and after adjusting for other risk patient factors. The time of abnormal LFT identification was positively correlated with DILI, liver failure, and anti-TB drug resistance. The late identification group (>8 weeks) had the highest risk of DILI, followed by liver failure compared with the other two groups. Conclusions The time to identification of LFT was positively correlated with DILI, liver failure, and anti-TB drug resistance. The risk of DILI and liver failure was significantly increased in the late identification group with abnormal LFT identified after 8 weeks compared with 4 and 8 weeks. Early monitoring of LFT is recommended for patients without the high-risk factor of DILI after anti-TB treatment is initiated.
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Zhang Y, He X, Ma P, Xiong L, Bai W, Zhang G, Xu Y, Song W, Yu K. Establishment of a Rat Model of Liver Venous Deprivation: Simultaneous Portal and Hepatic Vein Ligation. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:393-404. [PMID: 36643043 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00032] [Cited by in Crossref: 1] [Cited by in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The aim was to establish a liver venous deprivation (LVD) model in rats, compare hepatic hypertrophy between LVD and associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS), and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods The LVD or extended-LVD (e-LVD) group received portal vein ligation (PVL) combined with hepatic vein ligation (HVL). The ALPPS or e-ALPPS group received PVL plus parenchyma ligation. Liver regeneration was assessed by measuring the liver weight and performing pathological analysis. Liver functions and the sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) pathway were also investigated. Results All future liver remnants (FLRs) in the ALPPS, e-ALPPS, LVD, and e-LVD groups exhibited significant hypertrophy compared with the control group. The LVD and e-LVD procedures induced similar liver hypertrophy than that in the corresponding ALPPS groups. Furthermore, the LVD and e-LVD methods led to obvious cytolysis in the venous-deprived lobes as well as a noticeable increase in serum transaminase levels, while no necrosis was observed in the ALPPS and e-ALPPS groups. SPHK1/S1P/S1PR1 pathway were distinctly activated after operation, especially in congestive/ischemic livers. Conclusions We describe the first rat model of LVD and e-LVD with simultaneously associated HVL and PVL. Compared with the ALPPS technique, the LVD or e-LVD procedure had a comparable overall effect on the hypertrophy response and a stronger effect on liver function. The SPHK1/S1P/S1PR1 pathway was involved in the LVD- or ALPPS-induced liver remodeling.
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Shi Y, Jiang YZ, Zhou GP, Shi Y, Gan LX, Kong YY, Wang HB, Zhu ZJ, Sun LY. Prognostic Factors Related to In-hospital Death in Children with Biliary Atresia: Analysis of a Nationwide Inpatient Database. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:416-24. [PMID: 36643040 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2021.00456] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Patients with biliary atresia (BA) are prone to hepatic decompensation, which might eventually lead to death. This study aimed to identify the possible risk factors affecting in-hospital death in BA patients in China. Methods We collected data from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System, a national inpatient database. All patients aged up to 2 years old with a diagnosis of BA were included. The subjects were divided to three groups, including Kasai portoenterostomy (KP), liver transplantation (LT), and no surgery. Logistic regression with Firth's method was performed to identify potential influencing variables associated with in-hospital death. Results During the year 2013 to 2017, there were 14,038 pediatric admissions with a diagnosis of BA. The proportion of in-hospital death in pediatric BA admissions was 1.08%. Compared with patients under six months, there was a higher risk of in-hospital death for children aged six months to 1 year and 1-2 years old. Clinical signs, including cirrhosis, variceal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy, were significantly associated with the risk of in-hospital death. In no surgery group, compared to those in Beijing and Shanghai, BA patients admitted in other districts had a lower risk of in-hospital death (OR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.70). However, in the LT group, patients admitted in other districts had a higher risk of in-hospital death (OR=9.13, 95% CI: 3.99, 20.87). Conclusions In-hospital survival remains unsatisfactory for pediatric BA patients with severe complications. Furthermore, more resources and training for BA treatment, especially LT, are essential for districts with poor medical care in the future.
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Wu C, Peng W, Cheng D, Gu H, Liu F, Peng S, Fu L. Efficacy and Economic Evaluation of Nonbiological Artificial Liver Therapy in Acute-on-chronic Hepatitis B Liver Failure. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:433-40. [PMID: 36643036 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00106] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Nonbiological artificial liver (NBAL) is frequently used as a first-line treatment for hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). This study aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy and cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) of comprehensive medical treatment, plasma exchange (PE), and double plasma molecular adsorption system (DPMAS) plus half-dose PE (DPMAS+PE) in patients with HBV-ACLF. Methods A total of 186 patients with HBV-ACLF randomly received comprehensive medical treatment, PE, or DPMAS+PE and were prospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into four subgroups based on the pretreatment prothrombin activity (PTA): Group I (PTA>40%), group II (PTA 30-40%), group III (PTA 20-30%), and group IV (PTA<20%). The main outcome measures were 28 day effectiveness; 90 day liver transplantation-free survival; change of biochemical parameters; and CER. Results DPMAS+PE treatment was associated with significantly higher 28 day effectiveness and 90 day liver transplantation-free survival compared with PE treatment in patients with group I liver failure. Clearance of serum total bilirubin (TBIL), AST, and creatinine (Cr) were significantly higher in the DPMAS+PE group than in the PE group. For subjects with group I liver failure, DPMAS+PE treatment had advantages of lower CER values and better cost-effectiveness. Conclusions Compared with comprehensive medical treatment and PE alone, DPMAS with half-dose sequential PE treatment more effectively improved TBIL, AST, and Cr in HBV-ACLF patients, improved 28 day effectiveness and 90 day survival rates in patients with group I liver failure, and was more cost effective. DPMAS+PE is a viable NBAL approach for treatment of HBV-ACLF.
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Ivan L, Uyy E, Suica VI, Boteanu RM, Cerveanu-Hogas A, Hansen R, Antohe F. Hepatic Alarmins and Mitochondrial Dysfunction under Residual Hyperlipidemic Stress Lead to Irreversible NAFLD. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:284-94. [PMID: 36643050 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00128] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a range of progressive disorders generated by excess lipid accumulation in the liver leading to hepatic steatosis and eventually fibrosis. We aimed to identify by high performance mass spectrometry-based proteomics the main signaling pathways and liver proteome changes induced by hypercholesterolemia in a rabbit atherosclerotic model that induced high accumulation of lipids in the liver. Methods The effect of combined lipid-lowering drugs (statins and anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibody) were used after the interruption of the hypercholesterolemic diet to identify also the potential mediators, such as alarmins, responsible for the irreversible NAFLD build up under the hyperlipidemic sustained stress. Results Proteomic analysis revealed a number of proteins whose abundance was altered. They were components of metabolic pathways including fatty-acid degradation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction indicated alteration at the mitochondrial respiratory chain level and down-regulation of NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase. The expression of a majority of cytochromes (P4502E1, b5, and c) were up-regulated by lipid-lowering treatment. Long-term hyperlipidemic stress, even with a low-fat diet and lipid-lowering treatment, was accompanied by alarmin release (annexins, galectins, HSPs, HMGB1, S100 proteins, calreticulin, and fibronectin) that generated local inflammation and induced liver steatosis and aggressive fibrosis (by high abundance of galectin 3, fibronectin, and calreticulin). Conclusions The novel findings of this study were related to the residual effects of hyperlipidemic stress with consistent, combined lipid-lowering treatment with statin and inhibitor of PCSK9.
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Su TS, Liang SX, Li LQ, Liu QH, Duan XZ, Sun J, Zeng H, Zhu HS, Li JX, Zhu XF, Zhuang HQ, Liang P, Huang Y. New Staging Model for Radiation-based Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment: A National Multicenter Study. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:341-9. [PMID: 36643048 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00002] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The study aimed to create a new staging model for radiotherapy-based treatment for prognostic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) classification. Methods The training cohort comprised 658 patients receiving stereotactic body radiotherapy and external validation cohort comprised 533 patients receiving three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy. We established a modified staging system as follows: stage I, solitary nodule without macrovascular invasion, or 2-3 nodules no more than 3.0 cm apart, and performance status (PS) 0-2 (Ia: ALBI-1 grade; Ib: ALBI-2 or 3 grade); stage II: 2-3 nodules with any one nodule more than 3.0-cm apart, or ≥4 nodules, and performance status 0-2 (IIa: ALBI-1 grade; IIb: ALBI-2 grade); stage III: macrovascular invasion, regional lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis, and performance status 0-2 (IIIa: ALBI-1 grade; IIIb: ALBI-2 grade); stage IV: performance status 3-4, or performance status 0-2 with ALBI-3 grade. We analyzed long-term overall survival based on different stages. Results The staging model showed an excellent ability to discriminate patients according to four stages and seven substages with notably different curves in the training and validation cohort. The median survival decreased from stages I to IV with 63.0 months in stage I (not reached in Ia, and 53.0 months in Ib), 24.0 months in stage II (28.0 months in IIa, and 22.0 months in IIb), 11.0 months in stage III (18.0 months in IIIa, and 9.0 months in IIIb), and less than 9.0 months in stage IV in the training cohort. Conclusions The modified staging model may provide an alternative for clinical radiation oncologists.
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Bhumi SA, Wu GY. Seronegative Autoimmune Hepatitis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023;11:459-65. [PMID: 36643052 DOI: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00235] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a relatively rare liver disease with varying worldwide incidence of from 0.7 to 2 per 100,000 people. It is characterized by the presence of auto-antibodies. However, an average of 10% of AIH cases have AIH symptoms and pathology but lack autoimmune serology. For such seronegative AIH (snAIH) cases, there is currently no established diagnostic algorithm for diagnosis. and improper or delayed diagnosis of snAIH can lead to no or inappropriate treatment that results in progression to fulminant hepatitis or cirrhosis. This review aims to review the current literature and to present an update of seronegative autoimmune hepatitis, including its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, methods of diagnosis, and treatment in order to increase awareness and emphasize the necessity for timely management.
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Clark A, Lucke-Wold BP. Acupuncture and Spinal Stenosis: Considerations for Treatment. Futur Integr Med 2022;1:23-31. [PMID: 36705625 DOI: 10.14218/fim.2022.00010] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text]
Abstract
Acupuncture has been a staple of Eastern medicine for thousands of years. Recent evidence has shown that benefits for spinal stenosis are strong. In this comprehensive review, we overview the history and available literature. We discuss how the techniques have evolved and the clinical utility. The process and progression of spinal stenosis is addressed. We discuss mechanism of action for acupuncture as well as relevant treatment implications. This is important in alleviating pain and providing strong quality of life. We highlight both the findings in the pre-operative, peri-operative, and post-operative periods. Finally, the pre-clinical data provides compelling evidence in terms of novel pathways being targeted. This resource will serve as a user-friendly guide for the clinician and scientist regarding this important topic. It will be the catalyst of ongoing investigation from both the clinical and pre-clinical side.
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Corrigendum: Chronic Hepatitis B Infection with Low Level Viremia Correlates with the Progression of the Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022;10:1011-2. [PMID: 36304498 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00425] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
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Pechangou SN, Enang BE, Ngohoba VS, Njoya EM, Njayou FN, Moundipa PF. Crude Extracts of Codiaeum Variegatum Stem Exhibit Potent Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities in Vitro. J Explor Res Pharmacol 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2022.00039] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Diabetes Mellitus and Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Screening and Prevention 2022. [DOI: 10.14218/csp.2022.00013] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Kumar A, Rana AC, Parashar B, Kumar A, Semwal DK. Anti-diarrheal Activity of the Aqueous Extract of Stem Bark of Myrica nagi in Albino Rats. J Explor Res Pharmacol 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2022.00047] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Clinical Application and Progress of Cholangiopancreatoscopy in Pancreatobiliary Diseases. Cancer Screening and Prevention 2022. [DOI: 10.14218/csp.2022.00010] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Li X, Li T. The Non-canonical Mechanism of Immune Escape in Cancer: Intercellular Transfer of Immune Checkpoint Molecules. Explor Res Hypothesis Med 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2022.00062] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Taylor-robinson AW, Nguyen TH. Infectious Disease Surveillance in Vietnam: Pathogen Early Detection in Hanoi Wastewater. Explor Res Hypothesis Med 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2022.00089] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Hokinson D, Sanjaya A, Jo J. Severe Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology in Indonesia: What Has Been Learned? Explor Res Hypothesis Med 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2022.00092] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Yeo YH, He X, Lv F, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Yang JD, Zu J, Ji F, Nguyen MH. Trends of Cirrhosis-related Mortality in the USA during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00313] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] Open
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Charles S, Gestin O, Bruset J, Lamonica D, Baudrot V, Chaumot A, Geffard O, Lacoue-labarthe T, Lopes C. Generic Solving of Physiologically-based Kinetic Models in Support of Next Generation Risk Assessment Due to Chemicals. J Explor Res Pharmacol 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2022.00043] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Goldman M, Lucke-wold B, Katz J, Dawoud B, Dagra A. Respiratory Patterns in Neurological Injury, Pathophysiology, Ventilation Management, and Future Innovations: A Systematic Review. Explor Res Hypothesis Med 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2022.00081] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Kok VC. Trop-2-Cells, Their Exosomal Cargo, and the Potential Impact on Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Breast Cancer: The Expanding Frontiers. Explor Res Hypothesis Med 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2022.00087] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Yin F, Wang H. Rare Entities and Emerging Issues in Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology. J Clin Transl Pathol 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jctp.2022.00025] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Cui B, Yang W, Guo G, Fan X, Wang X, Hui Y, Wang S, Jiang K, Liu W, Liu J, Sun C. The Clinical Significance of Lipids/Lipoproteins Impairment in the Context of Cirrhosis: An Updated Review. Gene Expr 2022;21:2-8. [DOI: 10.14218/gejlr.2022.00003] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Liang Y, Guo GL, Zhang L. Current and Emerging Molecular Markers of Liver Diseases: A Pathogenic Perspective. Gene Expr 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/gejlr.2022.00010] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Weldemichael W, Zhang D, Lin J. Histopathological Evaluation of Recurrent Primary Biliary Cholangitis after Liver Transplantation. J Clin Transl Pathol 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jctp.2022.00021] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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The Editorial Office of Gene Expression The Journal of Liver Research. Gene Expression The Journal of Liver Research is now published by Xia & He Publishing Inc. Gene Expr 2022;21:1-1. [DOI: 10.14218/gejlr.2022.00000] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Huang Y, Cai J, Han T. Association of Elevated Serum Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 with 90-day Outcomes of Patients with Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure: A Cohort Study. J Clin Transl Pathol 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jctp.2022.00015] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Wannes WA, Tounsi MS. Tunisian Nephroprotective Plants: A Review. J Explor Res Pharmacol 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2022.00031] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Chehad AS, Boutrid N, Rahmoune H. Ustekinumab in Pediatric Dermatology: An Updated Review. J Explor Res Pharmacol 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2022.00045] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Aberrant Expression of BLM Correlates with Malignant Progression and Immune Infiltration in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Screening and Prevention 2022. [DOI: 10.14218/csp.2022.00015] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Lin J, Su M, Zheng J, Gu L, Wu H, Wu X, Lin H, Wu Z, Li D. Fas/FasL and Complement Activation are Associated with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Hepatitis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00227] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] Open
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Zheng L, Hill J, Zheng L, Rumi MK, Zheng XL. A Simple, Robust, and Cost-effective Method for Genotyping Small-scale Mutations. J Clin Transl Pathol 2022;000:000-000. [PMID: 36276172 DOI: 10.14218/jctp.2022.00014] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures]
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Ren S, Wang J, Wang Z. An Intelligent Diagnosis Method of MRI in Classifying Prostate Cancerous Tissue Using SVM Algorithm with Different Kernels. Explor Res Hypothesis Med 2022;000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2022.00094] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text]
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Du G, Yang R, Qiu J, Xia J. Multifaceted Influence of Histone Deacetylases on DNA Damage Repair: Implications for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022;000:000-000. [PMID: 36406320 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00079] [Cited by in Crossref: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, but its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Nevertheless, genomic instability has been recognized as one of the facilitating characteristics of cancer hallmarks that expedites the acquisition of genetic diversity. Genomic instability is associated with a greater tendency to accumulate DNA damage and tumor-specific DNA repair defects, which gives rise to gene mutations and chromosomal damage and causes oncogenic transformation and tumor progression. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been shown to impair a variety of cellular processes of genome stability, including the regulation of DNA damage and repair, reactive oxygen species generation and elimination, and progression to mitosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of HDAC in the different aspects of DNA repair and genome instability in HCC as well as the current progress on the development of HDAC-specific inhibitors as new cancer therapies.
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