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Gupta S, Hoe C, Özkan T, Lajunen TJ, Vursavas F, Sener S, Hyder AA. Corrigendum to "Evaluation of a five-year Bloomberg Global Road Safety Program in Turkey" [Public Health 144 (Supplement) (2017) S45-S56]. Public Health 2018; 165:155. [PMID: 30314845 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zia N, Latif A, Mashreky S, Al-Ibran E, Hashmi M, Rahman A, Khondoker S, Quraishy M, A Hyder A. 471 Understanding Burn Care Challenges in Resource Constraint Settings: A Qualitative Study from South Asia. J Burn Care Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iry006.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Gupta S, Paichadze N, Gritsenko E, Klyavin V, Yurasova E, Hyder AA. Evaluation of the five-year Bloomberg Philanthropies Global Road Safety Program in the Russian Federation. Public Health 2017; 144S:S5-S14. [PMID: 28288732 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. In Russia, a road safety program was implemented in Lipetskaya and Ivanovskaya oblasts (regions) as part of a 10-country effort funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies. The program was focused on increasing seat belt and child restraint use and reducing speeding. The primary goals of this monitoring and evaluation study are to assess trends in seat belt use, child restraint use, and speed compliance in the two oblasts over the 5 years and to explore the overall impact of the program on road traffic injury and death rates. Primary data via roadside observations and interviews, and secondary data from official government sources were collected and analyzed for this study. Our results indicate significant improvements in seat belt wearing and child seat use rates and in prevalence of speeding in both intervention oblasts. The observations were consistent with the results from the roadside interviews. In Lipetskaya, restraint use by all occupants increased from 52.4% (baseline, October 2010) to 77.4% (final round, October 2014) and child restraint use increased from 20.9% to 54.1% during the same period. In Ivanovskaya, restraint use by all occupants increased from 48% (baseline, April 2012) to 88.7% (final round, October 2014) and child restraint use increased from 20.6% to 89.4% during the same period. In Lipetskaya, the overall prevalence of speeding (vehicles driving above speed limit) declined from 47.0% (baseline, July 2011) to 30.4% (final round, October 2014) and a similar pattern was observed in Ivanovskaya where the prevalence of speeding decreased from 54.6% (baseline, March 2012) to 46.6% (final round, October 2014). Through 2010-2014, the road traffic crash and injury rates per 100,000 population decreased in Lipetskaya oblast (191.5 and 246.9 in 2010 and 170.4 and 208.6 in 2014, respectively) and slightly increased in Ivanovskaya oblast (184.4 and 236.0 in 2010 and 186.7 and 243.4 in 2014, respectively). These road safety improvements are associated with the program that enabled a combined focus on policy reform, legislation, enforcement, advocacy, education, and data collection and use. However, the existence of other road safety efforts, lack of data from comparable regions, and unavailability of risk factor-specific data make it difficult to attribute these changes to the program.
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Li Q, Ma S, Bishai D, Hyder AA. Potential gains in life expectancy by improving road safety in China. Public Health 2017; 144S:S57-S61. [PMID: 28288733 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Road traffic injuries (RTI) cause a significant number of injuries and deaths in China every year; the World Health Organization estimated 261,367 deaths due to RTI in 2013. As a result of the ongoing growth of China's economy, road construction and motorisation, RTI are expected to impose a heavy health burden in the future. However, the public and policy makers have not widely perceived RTI as a public health issue commensurate with its consequences, in part, due to a lack of intuitive indicator measuring the health impact. STUDY DESIGN Employs the cause-eliminating life table technique to provide a measure of the burden of RTI based on data from a nationally representative surveillance system in China. METHODS Previous studies have used indicators such as event counts, rates and disability-adjusted life years to measure the health impact of RTI; but this study uses potential gains in life expectancy to measure this impact. RESULTS Eliminating RTI could lead to a gain of 0.52 years in life expectancy in 2012, meaning that on average Chinese people could live a half year more than they would in the presence of RTI. Males have a substantially higher RTI death rate and consequently could have a gain in life expectancy more than twice as large as females (male 0.72 years vs female 0.28 years). The gain in rural areas (0.65 years) is twice that in urban areas (0.32 years). CONCLUSIONS The significant gain in life expectancy signals the urgency for public actions to improve road safety; the disparity in the burden across regions and sexes indicate a great opportunity for targeted interventions to protect health and save lives.
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Gupta S, Hoe C, Özkan T, Lajunen TJ, Vursavas F, Sener S, Hyder AA. Evaluation of a five-year Bloomberg Global Road Safety Program in Turkey. Public Health 2017; 144S:S45-S56. [PMID: 28288731 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Turkey was included in the Bloomberg Philanthropies funded Global Road Safety Program (2010-14) with Ankara and Afyonkarahisar (Afyon) selected for interventions to manage speed and encourage seat-belt use. The objectives of this study are to present the monitoring and evaluation findings of seat-belt use and speed in Afyon and Ankara over the five years and to assess overall impact of the program on road traffic injury, and death rates in Turkey. STUDY DESIGN Quasi-experimental before after without comparison. METHODS In collaboration with the Middle East Technical University, roadside observations and interviews were coupled with secondary data to monitor changes in risk factors and outcomes at the two intervention sites. RESULTS The percentage of seat-belt use among drivers and front-seat passengers in Afyon and Ankara increased significantly between 2010 and 2014 with increased self-reported use and preceded by an increase in tickets (fines) for not using seat belts. There were uneven improvements in speed reduction. In Afyon, the average speed increased significantly from 46.3 km/h in 2012 to about 52.7 km/h in 2014 on roads where the speed limits were 50 km/h. In Ankara, the average speed remained less than 55 km/h during the program period (range: 50-54 km/h; P < 0.005) for roads where the speed limits were 50 km/h; however, the average speed on roads with speed limits of 70 km/h decreased significantly from 80.6 km/h in 2012 to 68.44 km/h in 2014 (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION The program contributed to increase in seat-belt use in Afyon and Ankara and by drawing political attention to the issue can contribute to improvements in road safety. We are optimistic that the visible motivation within Turkey to substantially reduce road traffic injuries will lead to increased program implementation matched with a robust evaluation program, with suitable controls.
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Wadhwaniya S, Gupta S, Mitra S, Tetali S, Josyula LK, Gururaj G, Hyder AA. A comparison of observed and self-reported helmet use and associated factors among motorcyclists in Hyderabad city, India. Public Health 2017; 144S:S62-S69. [PMID: 28288734 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES India has a high burden of fatal road traffic injuries (RTIs). A large proportion of fatal RTIs in India are among motorcyclists. The overall goal of this study is to assess and compare observed and self-reported prevalence of helmet use; and to identify factors associated with helmet use and over-reporting in Hyderabad city, India. STUDY DESIGN Roadside knowledge, attitude and practice interviews. METHODS Six rounds of roadside interviews were conducted with motorcyclists (drivers and pillion riders) between July 2011 and August 2013 using a structured tool developed for this study. Observations on helmet use were recorded and respondents were also asked if they 'always wear a helmet'. Prevalence of helmet use was calculated and a paired t-test was used to compare observed and self-reported helmet use proportions. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were calculated to identify factors associated with helmet use and over-reporting. RESULTS A total of 4872 respondents participated in the roadside interview. The response rate was 94.4%. The overall observed helmet use was 34.5% and 44.5% of respondents reported that they 'always wear a helmet'. As the observed helmet use increased, the over-reporting of helmet use was found to decrease. However, factors associated with observed and self-reported helmet use are similar. Male gender, youth (≤24 years), a lower level of education and non-ownership of helmet were associated with a higher risk of not wearing helmets. Male gender, youth (≤24 years), no schooling, riding a lower engine capacity motorcycle and using a motorcycle for purposes other than travelling to school/work were associated with over-reporting of helmet use. CONCLUSIONS Self-reports provide an overestimate of helmet use that lessens as actual helmet use increases. Interviews also allow identification of factors associated with helmet use. Increasing helmet ownership and enhanced enforcement may help increase helmet use.
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Bishai D, Hyder AA. Making measures matter in road safety: introduction to a special supplement. Public Health 2017; 144S:S1-S2. [PMID: 28288725 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sriram V, Gururaj G, Razzak JA, Naseer R, Hyder AA. Comparative analysis of three prehospital emergency medical services organizations in India and Pakistan. Public Health 2016; 137:169-75. [PMID: 27080583 PMCID: PMC4983503 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Strengthened emergency medical services (EMS) are urgently required in South Asia to reduce needless death and disability. Several EMS models have been introduced in India and Pakistan, and research on these models can facilitate improvements to EMS in the region. Our objective was to conduct a cross-case comparative analysis of three EMS organizations in India and Pakistan - GVK EMRI, Aman Foundation and Rescue 1122 - in order to draw out similarities and differences in their models. STUDY DESIGN Case study methodology was used to systematically explore the organizational models of GVK EMRI (Karnataka, India), Aman Foundation (Karachi, Pakistan), and Rescue 1122 (Punjab, Pakistan). METHODS Qualitative methods - interviews, document review and non-participant observation - were utilized, and using a process of constant comparison, data were analysed across cases according to the WHO health system 'building blocks'. RESULTS Emergent themes under each health system 'building block' of service delivery, health workforce, medical products and technology, health information systems, leadership and governance, and financing were described. Cross-cutting issues not applicable to any single building block were further identified. CONCLUSIONS This cross-case comparison, the first of its kind in low- and middle-income countries, highlights key innovations and lessons, and areas of further research across EMS organizations in India, Pakistan and other resource-poor settings.
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Hyder AA, Razzak JA. The challenges of injuries and trauma in Pakistan: an opportunity for concerted action. Public Health 2013; 127:699-703. [PMID: 23489711 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Injuries and trauma are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in low and middle income countries (LMICs). In Pakistan, a low income South Asian developing country, they are among the top ten contributors to disease burden and causes of disabilities, with the majority of the burden falling on younger people in the population. This burden of injuries comes with a high social and economic cost. Several distal and proximal determinants, such as poverty, political instability, frequent natural disasters, and the lack of legislation and enforcement of preventive measures, make the Pakistani population susceptible to injuries. Historically, there has been a low level of investment in the prevention of injuries in Pakistan. Data is limited and while a public sector surveillance project has been initiated in one major urban centre, the major sources of information on injuries have been police and hospital records. Given the cost-effectiveness of injury prevention programs and their success in other LMICs, it is essential that the public sector invest in injury prevention through improving national policies and creating a strong evidence-based strategy while collaborating with the private sector to promote injury prevention and mobilizing people to engage in these programs.
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Golshan A, Patel C, Hyder AA. A systematic review of the epidemiology of unintentional burn injuries in South Asia. J Public Health (Oxf) 2013; 35:384-96. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fds102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chandran A, Lunnen JC, Pérez-Núñez R, Híjar MM, Hidalgo-Solórzano E, Hyder AA. The prevalence of motorcycle helmet use in three Mexican cities. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590w.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lunnen JC, Latif A, Rodrigues EMS, Hyder AA. THE BURDEN OF ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES IN GUYANA: TIME TO PRIORITISE ROAD SAFETY INVESTMENTS. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580e.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hoe C, Bicaksiz P, Puvanachandra P, Özkan T, Lajunen T, Hyder AA. Making global road safety collaborations work: stakeholders' perceptions. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590u.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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El-Sayed HF, Puvanachandra P, Hyder AA, Saad R, Eldawy S, Al-Gasseer N. Burden of road traffic injuries in Egypt: strengths and weaknesses of data sources. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590u.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bachani AM, Hyder AA, Peden M, Dipietro G, Larson K. EVALUATING ROAD SAFETY INTERVENTIONS: LESSONS LEARNT FROM THE FIRST 2 YEARS OF A MULTI-COUNTRY APPROACH. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580g.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bachani AM, Sann S, Zogg C, Ballesteros M, Ear C, Hyder AA. Helmet use among motorcyclists in Cambodia: a survey of use, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590s.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Li Q, Ma S, Bishai D, Hyder AA. Road traffic fatalities and economic development: National and Sub-National longitudinal analysis in China. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590u.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ma S, Li Q, Klyavin V, Slyunkina E, Zambon F, He H, Hyder AA. INCREASING SEATBELT USE AND POTENTIAL LIVES SAVED IN ONE REGION OF RUSSIA. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580a.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bachani AM, Herbert HK, Mogere S, Akungah D, Osoro E, Maina W, Stevens K, Hyder AA. Burden and risk factors for road traffic injuries in two districts of Kenya: a descriptive analysis. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590u.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mehmood A, Razzak JA, Kabir S, Mackenzie EJ, Hyder AA. PILOT TESTING OF TRAUMA REGISTRY IN A SINGLE TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF PAKISTAN: RESULTS FROM INITIAL DATA ANALYSIS. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580d.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Seiffert B, Chandran A, Li Q, Sousa TRV, Pechansky F, Hyder AA. Potential for lives saved by the road safety in 10 countries (RS-10) project interventions in five Brazilian cities. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590u.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bachani AM, Cuong P, Zamamiri Y, Quang LN, Passmore J, Nguyen PN, Hyder AA. Drinking and driving in Vietnam: prevalence, and public knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590o.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Li Q, Zhou M, Bishai D, Wang L, Ma S, Hyder AA. The under-report adjustment of injury deaths data from National disease surveillance points system of China. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590w.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Pérez-Núñez R, Chandran A, Híjar M, Celis A, Carmona-Lozano MS, Lunnen JC, Hyder AA. QUANTIFYING THE USE OF SEATBELTS AND CHILD RESTRAINTS IN THREE MEXICAN CITIES. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040580e.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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