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Jia W, Xu V, Kuns K, Nakano M, Barsotti L, Evans M, Mavalvala N, Abbott R, Abouelfettouh I, Adhikari RX, Ananyeva A, Appert S, Arai K, Aritomi N, Aston SM, Ball M, Ballmer SW, Barker D, Berger BK, Betzwieser J, Bhattacharjee D, Billingsley G, Bode N, Bonilla E, Bossilkov V, Branch A, Brooks AF, Brown DD, Bryant J, Cahillane C, Cao H, Capote E, Chen Y, Clara F, Collins J, Compton CM, Cottingham R, Coyne DC, Crouch R, Csizmazia J, Cullen TJ, Dartez LP, Demos N, Dohmen E, Driggers JC, Dwyer SE, Effler A, Ejlli A, Etzel T, Feicht J, Frey R, Frischhertz W, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Ganapathy D, Gateley B, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Glanzer J, Goetz E, Goodwin-Jones AW, Gras S, Gray C, Griffith D, Grote H, Guidry T, Hall ED, Hanks J, Hanson J, Heintze MC, Helmling-Cornell AF, Huang HY, Inoue Y, James AL, Jennings A, Karat S, Kasprzack M, Kawabe K, Kijbunchoo N, Kissel JS, Kontos A, Kumar R, Landry M, Lantz B, Laxen M, Lee K, Lesovsky M, Llamas F, Lormand M, Loughlin HA, Macas R, MacInnis M, Makarem CN, Mannix B, Mansell GL, Martin RM, Maxwell N, McCarrol G, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McCormick S, McCuller L, McRae T, Mera F, Merilh EL, Meylahn F, Mittleman R, Moraru D, Moreno G, Mould M, Mullavey A, Nelson TJN, Neunzert A, Oberling J, O'Hanlon T, Osthelder C, Ottaway DJ, Overmier H, Parker W, Pele A, Pham H, Pirello M, Quetschke V, Ramirez KE, Reyes J, Richardson JW, Robinson M, Rollins JG, Romie JH, Ross MP, Sadecki T, Sanchez A, Sanchez EJ, Sanchez LE, Savage RL, Schaetzl D, Schiworski MG, Schnabel R, Schofield RMS, Schwartz E, Sellers D, Shaffer T, Short RW, Sigg D, Slagmolen BJJ, Soni S, Sun L, Tanner DB, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Torrie CI, Traylor G, Vajente G, Vanosky J, Vecchio A, Veitch PJ, Vibhute AM, von Reis ERG, Warner J, Weaver B, Weiss R, Whittle C, Willke B, Wipf CC, Yamamoto H, Yu H, Zhang L, Zucker ME. Squeezing the quantum noise of a gravitational-wave detector below the standard quantum limit. Science 2024; 385:1318-1321. [PMID: 39298573 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado8069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle dictates that the position and momentum of an object cannot be simultaneously measured with arbitrary precision, giving rise to an apparent limitation known as the standard quantum limit (SQL). Gravitational-wave detectors use photons to continuously measure the positions of freely falling mirrors and so are affected by the SQL. We investigated the performance of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) after the experimental realization of frequency-dependent squeezing designed to surpass the SQL. For the LIGO Livingston detector, we found that the upgrade reduces quantum noise below the SQL by a maximum of three decibels between 35 and 75 hertz while achieving a broadband sensitivity improvement, increasing the overall detector sensitivity during astrophysical observations.
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Groenendijk I, Grootswagers P, Santoro A, Franceschi C, Bazzocchi A, Meunier N, Caille A, Malpuech-Brugere C, Bialecka-Debek A, Pietruszka B, Fairweather-Tait S, Jennings A, de Groot L. Plant Versus Animal Protein Intake On Bone Mineral Density In A Combined Cohort Of Frail, Malnourished And Healthy Older Adults. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Fish M, Rynne J, Jennings A, Lam C, Lamikanra AA, Ratcliff J, Cellone-Trevelin S, Timms E, Jiriha J, Tosi I, Pramanik R, Simmonds P, Seth S, Williams J, Gordon AC, Knight J, Smith DJ, Whalley J, Harrison D, Rowan K, Harvala H, Klenerman P, Estcourt L, Menon DK, Roberts D, Shankar-Hari M. Coronavirus disease 2019 subphenotypes and differential treatment response to convalescent plasma in critically ill adults: secondary analyses of a randomized clinical trial. Intensive Care Med 2022; 48:1525-1538. [PMID: 36102943 PMCID: PMC9472738 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-022-06869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Benefit from convalescent plasma therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been inconsistent in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving critically ill patients. As COVID-19 patients are immunologically heterogeneous, we hypothesized that immunologically similar COVID-19 subphenotypes may differ in their treatment responses to convalescent plasma and explain inconsistent findings between RCTs . METHODS We tested this hypothesis in a substudy involving 1239 patients, by measuring 26 biomarkers (cytokines, chemokines, endothelial biomarkers) within the randomized, embedded, multifactorial, adaptive platform trial for community-acquired pneumonia (REMAP-CAP) that assigned 2097 critically ill COVID-19 patients to either high-titer convalescent plasma or usual care. Primary outcome was organ support free days at 21 days (OSFD-21) . RESULTS Unsupervised analyses identified three subphenotypes/endotypes. In contrast to the more homogeneous subphenotype-2 (N = 128 patients, 10.3%; with elevated type i and type ii effector immune responses) and subphenotype-3 (N = 241, 19.5%; with exaggerated inflammation), the subphenotype-1 had variable biomarker patterns (N = 870 patients, 70.2%). Subphenotypes-2, and -3 had worse outcomes, and subphenotype-1 had better outcomes with convalescent plasma therapy compared with usual care (median (IQR). OSFD-21 in convalescent plasma vs usual care was 0 (- 1, 21) vs 10 (- 1, to 21) in subphenotype-2; 1.5 (- 1, 21) vs 12 (- 1, to 21) in suphenotype-3, and 0 (- 1, 21) vs 0 (- 1, to 21) in subphenotype-1 (test for between-subphenotype differences in treatment effects p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS We reported three COVID-19 subphenotypes, among critically ill adults, with differential treatment effects to ABO-compatible convalescent plasma therapy. Differences in subphenotype prevalence between RCT populations probably explain inconsistent results with COVID-19 immunotherapies.
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Ison C, Jennings A, Daley GM, Price LA. Moving away from dry ice: Improving safety and efficiency. Pathology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.12.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Autti S, Ahlstrom SL, Haley RP, Jennings A, Pickett GR, Poole M, Schanen R, Soldatov AA, Tsepelin V, Vonka J, Wilcox T, Woods AJ, Zmeev DE. Fundamental dissipation due to bound fermions in the zero-temperature limit. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4742. [PMID: 32958764 PMCID: PMC7506006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ground state of a fermionic condensate is well protected against perturbations in the presence of an isotropic gap. Regions of gap suppression, surfaces and vortex cores which host Andreev-bound states, seemingly lift that strict protection. Here we show that in superfluid 3He the role of bound states is more subtle: when a macroscopic object moves in the superfluid at velocities exceeding the Landau critical velocity, little to no bulk pair breaking takes place, while the damping observed originates from the bound states covering the moving object. We identify two separate timescales that govern the bound state dynamics, one of them much longer than theoretically anticipated, and show that the bound states do not interact with bulk excitations.
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Bell DJ, Macrae AI, Mitchell MA, Mason CS, Jennings A, Haskell MJ. Comparison of thermal imaging and rectal temperature in the diagnosis of pyrexia in pre-weaned calves using on farm conditions. Res Vet Sci 2020; 131:259-265. [PMID: 32442726 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Measuring core body temperature is used as part of the diagnostic process in assessing the health of animals. Typically in calves, this is carried out using a rectal thermometer which can be time consuming, stressful to the calf and is invasive by nature. A non-invasive technique that is gaining recognition is thermal imaging. This study investigated the use of thermal imaging as a technique to assess core body temperature in pre-weaned artificially reared calves. A total of 125 male and female calves had rectal temperatures measured daily from day 7 until day 40 of life, and at the same time had a thermal image taken of the area around the medial canthus of the eye. A weak correlation (r = 0.28) was found between calf rectal temperature and thermal image temperature. A multivariable predictive model for core body temperature increased the correlation (r = 0.32) when including the environmental parameters of air temperature (p < .001) and wind speed (p < .001) as well as reconstituted milk replacer consumption (p < .01). The effectiveness of a predictive model including these parameters for the detection of calves with a core body temperature ≥ 39.5 °C was examined and found to have a sensitivity of 0% and a specificity of 100%. The results of this study demonstrate the need to take thermal environmental parameters into consideration when using thermal imaging to assess body temperature. However, the results suggest that accurate measures of core body temperature using thermal imaging cannot be achieved under commercial farm conditions. Further research is needed to determine what other factors could be measured to increase predictive ability.
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Ghnewa YG, Fish M, Jennings A, Carter MJ, Shankar-Hari M. Goodbye SIRS? Innate, trained and adaptive immunity and pathogenesis of organ dysfunction. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2020; 115:10-14. [PMID: 32291506 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-020-00683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The novel concepts within Sepsis‑3 criteria include a focus on dysregulated host responses, removal of the systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS) criteria from sepsis diagnosis, the use of Sepsis-related (Sequential) Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores to define organ dysfunction, and the explicit recognition of the septic shock as a subset of sepsis. Protection against infection requires a surveillance system, an effector response against "perceived" pathogens, a method for regaining immune homeostasis following an immune response, and generation of immunological memory. In comparison to normally regulated responses to infection, the innate immune system shows profoundly abnormal neutrophil and macrophage function. Similarly, the adaptive immune system is typically depleted numerically of lymphocytes and functionally with T and B cell exhaustion. Although there are numerous proposed mechanisms by which these dysregulated immune responses may be associated with organ failure, it is unclear what the unifying organ failure mechanisms in sepsis are. Furthermore, in sepsis survivors, the epigenetic changes on immune cells and widespread changes to lymphocyte populations may increase the risk of adverse events such as rehospitalisation and mortality. Finally, our current gaps in understanding of the immune response trajectory and the associated modifiable mechanisms in sepsis leave us a long way from successful immunomodulation for these patients. This article is freely available.
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Welch AA, Jennings A, Kelaiditi E, Skinner J, Steves CJ. Cross-Sectional Associations Between Dietary Antioxidant Vitamins C, E and Carotenoid Intakes and Sarcopenic Indices in Women Aged 18-79 Years. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:331-342. [PMID: 31813016 PMCID: PMC7072069 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of sarcopenia is increasing in aging populations, so prevention is critical. Vitamins (A, C, E and carotenoids) modify skeletal muscle via protein and collagen synthesis and anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies have not investigated intake of these vitamins in relation to sarcopenic indices in both younger and older-aged women. Indices of skeletal muscle mass (as fat-free mass (FFM) relative to body size) were measured using DXA and leg explosive power (LEP) using the Nottingham Power Rig in 2570 women aged 18-79 years. Adjusted measures of skeletal muscle were calculated according to quintiles of vitamin C, E, retinol and carotenoid intake, derived from Food Frequency Questionnaires, after stratification by age. Higher vitamin C intake was associated with significantly higher indices of FFM and LEP, (Q5-Q1 = 2.0-12.8%, P < 0.01-0.02). Intakes of total and individual carotenoids were significantly associated with indices of FFM and LEP (Q5-Q1 = 1.0-7.5%). Vitamin E was significantly associated with FFM% and FFMBMI only. In mutually adjusted analysis with vitamin C, total carotene, vitamin E and protein in the model, the strongest associations were with vitamin C. These associations were stronger in younger women (< 65 years). For the first time, our research shows higher dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins, particularly vitamin C, is associated with higher skeletal muscle mass and power in free-living women. These findings have relevance for the treatment and prevention of frailty and sarcopenia throughout adulthood.
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Jennings A, Rosen ER. 1138 Repeat Laparoscopy for Pregnancy of Unknown Location. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hollier K, Jennings A. Improving Cardiovascular Care in Rural Victoria: Primary Health Nurses a Vital Link in the Chain. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Whittaker J, Meecham L, Summerour V, Khalil S, Layton G, Yousif M, Jennings A, Wall M, Newman J. Outcome after Turndown for Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery. J Vasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pallister T, Jackson MA, Martin TC, Glastonbury CA, Jennings A, Beaumont M, Mohney RP, Small KS, MacGregor A, Steves CJ, Cassidy A, Spector TD, Menni C, Valdes AM. Untangling the relationship between diet and visceral fat mass through blood metabolomics and gut microbiome profiling. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1106-1113. [PMID: 28293020 PMCID: PMC5504448 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Higher visceral fat mass (VFM) is associated with an increased risk for developing cardio-metabolic diseases. The mechanisms by which an unhealthy diet pattern may influence visceral fat (VF) development has yet to be examined through cutting-edge multi-omic methods. Therefore, our objective was to examine the dietary influences on VFM and identify gut microbiome and metabolite profiles that link food intakes to VFM. SUBJECTS/METHODS In 2218 twins with VFM, food intake and metabolomics data available we identified food intakes most strongly associated with VFM in 50% of the sample, then constructed and tested the 'VFM diet score' in the remainder of the sample. Using linear regression (adjusted for covariates, including body mass index and total fat mass), we investigated associations between the VFM diet score, the blood metabolomics profile and the fecal microbiome (n=889), and confirmed these associations with VFM. We replicated top findings in monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant (⩾1 s.d. apart) for VFM, matched for age, sex and the baseline genetic sequence. RESULTS Four metabolites were associated with the VFM diet score and VFM: hippurate, alpha-hydroxyisovalerate, bilirubin (Z,Z) and butyrylcarnitine. We replicated associations between VFM and the diet score (beta (s.e.): 0.281 (0.091); P=0.002), butyrylcarnitine (0.199 (0.087); P=0.023) and hippurate (-0.297 (0.095); P=0.002) in VFM-discordant MZ twins. We identified a single species, Eubacterium dolichum to be associated with the VFM diet score (0.042 (0.011), P=8.47 × 10-5), VFM (0.057 (0.019), P=2.73 × 10-3) and hippurate (-0.075 (0.032), P=0.021). Moreover, higher blood hippurate was associated with elevated adipose tissue expression neuroglobin, with roles in cellular oxygen homeostasis (0.016 (0.004), P=9.82x10-6). CONCLUSIONS We linked a dietary VFM score and VFM to E. dolichum and four metabolites in the blood. In particular, the relationship between hippurate, a metabolite derived from microbial metabolism of dietary polyphenols, and reduced VFM, the microbiome and increased adipose tissue expression of neuroglobin provides potential mechanistic insight into the influence of diet on VFM.
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Jennings A, Lepage O, Mair T, Sherlock C. Surgical site infection after occlusion of the internal carotid artery with a thrombectomy catheter: Five cases. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kelaiditi E, Jennings A, Steves CJ, Skinner J, Cassidy A, MacGregor AJ, Welch AA. Measurements of skeletal muscle mass and power are positively related to a Mediterranean dietary pattern in women. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:3251-3260. [PMID: 27417218 PMCID: PMC5409925 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The age-related loss of skeletal muscle and function are risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures. We found that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet score was significantly associated with greater fat-free mass and leg explosive power suggesting a role for the Mediterranean Diet in prevention of loss of muscle outcomes. INTRODUCTION The loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function with age are contributing risk factors for the onset of sarcopenia, frailty, osteoporosis, fractures, and mortality. Nutrition may affect the progression and trajectory of these changes in skeletal muscle but the role of the micronutrient-rich Mediterranean diet (MD) has hardly been investigated in relation to these muscle outcomes. METHODS We examined associations between the MD score (MDS) and FFM% (fat-free mass / weight × 100), FFMI (fat-free mass/height2), hand grip strength, and leg explosive power (LEP, watts/kg) in a cross-sectional study in 2570 women aged 18-79 years from the TwinsUK study. Measurements of body composition were made using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and dietary intake assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. FFM%, FFMI, grip strength, and LEP were compared across quartiles of the MDS after adjustment for covariates, with CRP measured in a subgroup (n = 1658). RESULTS Higher adherence to the MDS was positively associated with measurements of muscle outcomes, with significant differences of 1.7 % for FFM% and 9.6 % for LEP (P trend <0.001), comparing extreme quartiles of intake, but not with grip strength or CRP concentrations. CONCLUSIONS For the first time in a northern European population, we have observed significant positive associations between the MDS and FFM% and LEP in healthy women that are potentially clinically relevant, independent of the factors known to influence muscle outcomes. Our findings emphasize the potential role for overall diet quality based on the MD in the prevention of age-related loss of skeletal muscle outcomes.
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Callaby R, Toye P, Jennings A, Thumbi SM, Coetzer JAW, Conradie Van Wyk IC, Hanotte O, Mbole-Kariuki MN, Bronsvoort BMDC, Kruuk LEB, Woolhouse MEJ, Kiara H. Seroprevalence of respiratory viral pathogens of indigenous calves in Western Kenya. Res Vet Sci 2016; 108:120-4. [PMID: 27663380 PMCID: PMC5040193 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Most studies of infectious diseases in East African cattle have concentrated on gastro-intestinal parasites and vector-borne diseases. As a result, relatively little is known about viral diseases, except for those that are clinically symptomatic or which affect international trade such as foot and mouth disease, bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease. Here, we investigate the seroprevalence, distribution and relationship between the viruses involved in respiratory disease, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBR), bovine parainfluenza virus Type 3 (PIV3) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in East African Shorthorn Zebu calves. These viruses contribute to the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) which is responsible for major economic losses in cattle from intensive farming systems as a result of pneumonia. We found that calves experience similar risks of infection for IBR, PIV3, and BVDV with a seroprevalence of 20.9%, 20.1% and 19.8% respectively. We confirm that positive associations exist between IBR, PIV3 and BVDV; being seropositive for any one of these three viruses means that an individual is more likely to be seropositive for the other two viruses than expected by chance.
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Jennings A. Planning for the next generation in UK dairy herds. Vet Rec 2015; 176:623-4. [PMID: 26067013 DOI: 10.1136/vr.h3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Caumon E, Lyon N, Caille A, Berendsen A, De Groot L, Feskens E, Santoro A, Franceschi C, Pietruszka B, Brzozowska A, Jennings A, Fairweather-Tait S, Cano N, Meunier N. P285: Nouvelles stratégies alimentaires pour un vieillissement optimisé des seniors européens – Projet européen FP7 NU-AGE (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT01754012). NUTR CLIN METAB 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(14)70927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jennings A, Spencer R, Al-Niaimi A. Single Port Removal of a 45cm Pelvic Mass. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jennings A, Hughes CA, Kumaravel B, Bachmann MO, Steel N, Capehorn M, Cheema K. Evaluation of a multidisciplinary Tier 3 weight management service for adults with morbid obesity, or obesity and comorbidities, based in primary care. Clin Obes 2014; 4:254-66. [PMID: 25825858 PMCID: PMC4253319 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A multidisciplinary Tier 3 weight management service in primary care recruited patients with a body mass index ≥40 kg·m(-2) , or 30 kg·m(-2) with obesity-related co-morbidity to a 1-year programme. A cohort of 230 participants was recruited and evaluated using the National Obesity Observatory Standard Evaluation Framework. The primary outcome was weight loss of at least 5% of baseline weight at 12 months. Diet was assessed using the two-item food frequency questionnaire, activity using the General Practice Physical Activity questionnaire and quality of life using the EuroQol-5D-5L questionnaire. A focus group explored the participants' experiences. Baseline mean weight was 124.4 kg and mean body mass index was 44.1 kg·m(-2) . A total of 102 participants achieved 5% weight loss at 12 months. The mean weight loss was 10.2 kg among the 117 participants who completed the 12-month programme. Baseline observation carried forward analysis gave a mean weight loss of 5.9 kg at 12 months. Fruit and vegetable intake, activity level and quality of life all improved. The dropout rate was 14.3% at 6 months and 45.1% at 1 year. Focus group participants described high levels of satisfaction. It was possible to deliver a Tier 3 weight management service for obese patients with complex co-morbidity in a primary care setting with a full multidisciplinary team, which obtained good health outcomes compared with existing services.
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DeGette RL, Jennings A, Goyal V. Rethinking unmet need: Determinants of contraceptive use in Santiago, the Dominican Republic. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2014; 35:263-8. [PMID: 25121798 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2014.948401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate access to contraceptives is often considered the primary source of unmet need among women who desire to prevent pregnancy. This study evaluates two potential determinants of contraceptive use among Dominican women: (1) perceived access to family planning and (2) perceived personal reproductive control, a measure based in psychological theories of locus of control. Sexually active women aged 18-45 who did not desire fertility were surveyed to assess influences on contraceptive use. In-depth interviews were conducted among a subset of participants to contextualise survey results. Fewer than half (49%) of the 80 survey respondents had used contraception in the last 3 months. Higher personal reproductive control was significantly related to contraceptive use (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04-1.34), however, higher perceived access to contraceptives was not (aOR 1.09, 95% CI 0.97-1.23). Male partner influence was identified as a barrier to contraceptive use. In this population, high personal reproductive control is a better predictor of contraceptive use than perceived access.
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Lowther M, Curley R, Harrison S, Jennings A, Wildman M. 226 A work load study to determine the proportion of time spent on delivering rescue vs. prevention clinical care in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(14)60361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jennings A, Ryser S, Drews F. Touch Screen Devices and the Effectiveness of User Interface Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1541931213571366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine how several methods for completing tasks (such as scrolling and zooming) differ when using touch screen devices. The goal of this research is to identify which methods produce the least amount of errors, and require the shortest amount of time when trying to accomplish a task. The study also aims to answer whether certain methods are better suited for different screen sizes (i.e., phone sized screen vs. a tablet sized screen). Results indicated that the phone sized device allowed users to complete all tasks more quickly but required greater effort to complete the task than the tablet sized device. Certain methods were identified to reduce the amount of time to accomplish a task, produce fewer errors, and reduce the effort required to accomplish a task.
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Vissers P, Jones A, van Sluijs E, Jennings A, Welch A, Cassidy A, Griffin S. Association between diet and physical activity and sedentary behaviours in 9-10-year-old British White children. Public Health 2013; 127:231-40. [PMID: 23332733 PMCID: PMC3712184 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between diet and physical activity and sedentary behaviours in 9-10-year-old children. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study using data from the SPEEDY (Sport, Physical activity and Eating behaviour: Environmental Determinants in Young People) study undertaken in Norfolk, UK. METHODS Data from 4-day food diaries and 7 days of accelerometery were matched on concurrent days. Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), time spent in sedentary behaviour and various measures of dietary intake were collected. Covariates included age, sex, weight status, family socio-economic status, and energy intake reporting quality. Multivariable regression models, adjusted for clustering of children by school and stratified by sex, were fitted to examine the associations between dietary measures and physical activity and sedentary outcomes. RESULTS In total, 1317 children (584 boys and 733 girls) provided concurrent data. Boys in the highest quartile of energy percentage from protein spent approximately 6 min [95% confidence interval (CI) 0-12] less in MVPA compared with boys in the lowest quartile. Those in the highest quartiles of fruit and vegetable intake and fruit juice intake had respective average activity counts per minute that were 56 above (95% CI 8-105) and 48 below (95% CI 2-95) those in the lowest quartiles, whilst those in the highest quartile of fizzy drink consumption spent approximately 7 min (95% CI 2-13) more in MVPA and approximately 14 min (95% CI 5-24 min) less in sedentary behaviour. Boys in the highest quartile of savoury snack consumption spent approximately 8 min (95% CI 2-13 min) more in MVPA per day, and approximately 12 min (95% CI 2-23) less in sedentary behaviour. No significant associations were apparent among girls. CONCLUSIONS Few associations were detected, and the directions of those that were apparent were mainly counterintuitive. The extent to which this reflects a true lack of association or is associated with the measurement methods used for diet and physical activity needs further investigation.
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Sivasubramaniam S, Fooks A, Lee J, Stacey G, Jennings A. Gene delivery into neuronal and glial cells by using a replication-deficient adenovirus vector: prospects for neurological gene therapy. Cytotechnology 2012; 24:253-9. [PMID: 22358769 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007904429698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used a recombinant adenovirus vector (E1-) expressing β-galactosidase to explore a novel mechanism with which to transfer genes into cells of the central nervous system (CNS). The replication-deficient adenovirus vector expressing β-galactosidase (RAd35) was propagated on a permissive helper cell line (293 cells). High level protein expression from the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (hCMV IE) was obtained in a target cell population of RAd35 infected cultured neuronal and glial cell lines. Light microscopy showed that over 50% of the glial cells studied expressed β-galactosidase. Following retinoic acid treatment, RAd35 infected cell lines ND7/23, NG108 and NTera2, showed β-galactosidase expression in up to 90% of the cells. In addition, these cells showed morphological evidence of differentiation into neurons. This pattern of β-galactosidase expression was also observed in primary rat cerebella granule neuron cultures. In vivo studies were performed in Balb/c mice following direct intracranial injections of RAd35 into the brain. Cell sections showed a localised staining in the brain at the site of injection of the virus. Non-replicating adenovirus vectors are therefore highly efficient systems for delivering a transgene into brain cells. However, their broad cell tropism may limit their applications for genetic disorders in which a specific cell type is to be targeted for gene therapy. To address this problem, we have constructed adenovirus vectors which contain specific neuronal promoters and are currently assessing in vitro expression.
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Jennings A, Brennan C. Cell salvage for obstetric patients who decline blood transfusion - a national survey. Transfus Med 2012; 23:64-65. [PMID: 22994524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2012.01185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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