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Xu S, Luo J, Tang W, Bao H, Wang J, Chang S, Zou Z, Fan X, Liu Y, Jiang C, Wu X. Detecting pulmonary malignancy against benign nodules using noninvasive cell-free DNA fragmentomics assay. ESMO Open 2024; 9:103595. [PMID: 39088983 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.103595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early screening using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) can reduce mortality caused by non-small-cell lung cancer. However, ∼25% of the 'suspicious' pulmonary nodules identified by LDCT are later confirmed benign through resection surgery, adding to patients' discomfort and the burden on the healthcare system. In this study, we aim to develop a noninvasive liquid biopsy assay for distinguishing pulmonary malignancy from benign yet 'suspicious' lung nodules using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentomics profiling. METHODS An independent training cohort consisting of 193 patients with malignant nodules and 44 patients with benign nodules was used to construct a machine learning model. Base models using four different fragmentomics profiles were optimized using an automated machine learning approach before being stacked into the final predictive model. An independent validation cohort, including 96 malignant nodules and 22 benign nodules, and an external test cohort, including 58 malignant nodules and 41 benign nodules, were used to assess the performance of the stacked ensemble model. RESULTS Our machine learning models demonstrated excellent performance in detecting patients with malignant nodules. The area under the curves reached 0.857 and 0.860 in the independent validation cohort and the external test cohort, respectively. The validation cohort achieved an excellent specificity (68.2%) at the targeted 90% sensitivity (89.6%). An equivalently good performance was observed while applying the cut-off to the external cohort, which reached a specificity of 63.4% at 89.7% sensitivity. A subgroup analysis for the independent validation cohort showed that the sensitivities for detecting various subgroups of nodule size (<1 cm: 91.7%; 1-3 cm: 88.1%; >3 cm: 100%; unknown: 100%) and smoking history (yes: 88.2%; no: 89.9%) all remained high among the lung cancer group. CONCLUSIONS Our cfDNA fragmentomics assay can provide a noninvasive approach to distinguishing malignant nodules from radiographically suspicious but pathologically benign ones, amending LDCT false positives.
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Luan J, Song C, Liu Y, He R, Guo R, Cui Q, Jiang C, Li X, Hao K, Stewart AF, Fu J, Zhang Y, Wang H. Seamless site-directed mutagenesis in complex cloned DNA sequences using the RedEx method. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-01016-9. [PMID: 39009664 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-01016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Seamless site-directed mutagenesis is an important technique for studying protein functions, tuning enzyme catalytic activities and modifying genetic elements in multiple rounds because it can insert, delete or substitute nucleotides, DNA segments or even entire genes at the target site without introducing any unwanted change. To facilitate seamless site-directed mutagenesis in large plasmids and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) with repetitive sequences, we recently developed the RedEx strategy. Compared with previous methods, our approach achieves the recovery of correct recombinants with high accuracy by circumventing unwanted recombination between repetitive sequences. RedEx readily yields more than 80% accuracy in seamless DNA insertion and deletion in large multimodular polyketide synthase gene clusters, which are among the most difficult targets due to the large number of repetitive DNA sequences in modules encoding almost identical enzymes. Here we present the RedEx method by describing in detail the seamless site-directed mutagenesis in a BAC vector. Overall, the process includes three parts: (1) insertion of the RedEx cassette containing the desired mutation together with selection-counterselection markers flanked by unique restriction sites and 20-bp overlapping sequences into the target site by recombineering, (2) removal of the selection-counterselection markers in the BAC by restriction digestion and (3) circularization of the linear BAC by exonuclease-mediated in vitro DNA annealing. This protocol can be performed within 3 weeks and will enable researchers with DNA cloning experience to master seamless site-directed mutagenesis to accelerate their research.
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Huang ZL, Huang ZH, Xie Y, Li YD, Pi ZD, Jiang C, Chen AM, Gao XY, Wen J, Zhu JM. Inflammatory factors mediated the effect of air pollution on ischemic stroke: a two-step, mediation Mendelian randomization study. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2024; 28:1959-1969. [PMID: 38497879 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202403_35610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous investigations have indicated a correlation between air pollution (AP) and an elevated ischemic stroke (IS) likelihood. The existing literature does not provide a consensus about the possible link between AP and IS. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was utilized to systematically measure the causal link between AP and ischemic stroke. Furthermore, the mediating impact of inflammatory factors was also performed by a two-step MR. MATERIALS AND METHODS A two-sample MR analysis was utilized to examine the AP impact on the incidence of IS. Additionally, a two-step MR approach was carried out to account for possible mediating variables. The indirect impact was determined by employing the product approach, which included multiplying the AP impact on inflammatory factors by the inflammatory factors' impacts on IS. The MR effect was identified through inverse variance-weighted (IVW) meta-analysis of each Wald Ratio. Additionally, complementary studies were conducted using the weighted median and MR-egger approaches. RESULTS The IVW method with random effects showed that the per unit increase in genetically predicted PM2.5 was linked to the 0.362-fold elevated ischemic stroke risk (OR: 1.362, 95% CI: 1.032-1.796, p=0.029). Furthermore, the IVM technique, incorporating random effects, demonstrated that the per unit increase in genetically predicted PM2.5 was related to an elevated Interleukin (IL)-1β risk (OR: 1.529, 95% CI: 1.191-1.963, p=0.001), IL-6 (OR: 1.498, 95% CI: 1.094-2.052, p=0.012) and IL-17 (OR: 1.478, 95% CI: 1.021-2.139, p=0.038). IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 modulated the PM2.5 impact on ischemic stroke, while the proportion mediated by them was 59.5%. CONCLUSIONS A positive correlation between genetically predicted PM2.5 levels and elevated ischemic stroke risk is mediated by IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17.
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Zhao BT, Wang Y, Jiang C, Xin YN. [Idiopathic portal hypertension: a case report]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2024; 32:76-79. [PMID: 38320795 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231129-00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
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Kong Y, Jiang C, Zhou L, Ye Y, He L, Chen Q, Pan Y, Cui J, Zeng Y, Ma CS. [Clinical characteristics and associated factors of mild cognitive impairment in patients with common cardiovascular diseases]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2024; 104:132-137. [PMID: 38186134 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230812-00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with common cardiovascular diseases (CVD, including hypertension, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure) combined with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and explore the potential risk factors of MCI in patients with CVD. Methods: A total of 2 294 patients with common cardiovascular diseases who met the criteria at Cardiology Medical Center in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, from June 1, 2021, to January 5, 2022, were retrospectively included. The patients were divided into the normal cognitive function group (1 107 cases) and the MCI group (1 187 cases). Demographic information and CVD status were collected. The information of cognitive function were collected using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scales. The difference between normal cognitive function and MCI were compared and analyzed. The logistic regression analysis was used to explored risk factors of MCI in CVD patients. Results: A total of 2 294 patients aged (60.6±10.4) years were included, among whom there were 29.99% (688 cases) females. Compared with patients in the normal cognitive function group, patients in the MCI group were older [ (57.9±11.4) vs (63.1±8.9) years old, P<0.001], with a higher proportion of women [26.47% (293 cases) vs 33.28% (395 cases), P<0.001]; there was a higher proportion of patients suffering from hypertension in the MCI group [59.62% (660 cases) vs 64.62% (767 cases), P=0.014], and more components of CVD [(1.68±0.62) vs (1.74±0.65) components, P=0.017]. The risk factors of MCI in patients with common CVD were increased age, increased depression score, combined with hypertension, and ≥3 common components of CVD, with OR (95%CI) of 1.043 (1.032-1.054), 1.021 (1.004-1.037), 1.151 (1.142-3.439), and 1.137 (1.023-1.797), respectively (all P values <0.05). Increasing education level was observed to be associated with reduced risk of MCI with OR (95%CI) of 0.319 (0.271-0.378) (P<0.05). Conclusions: The incidence of MCI was high in CVD patients. The risk factors of MCI in CVD patients included hypertension and≥3 common components of CVD.
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Jiang C, Xu F, Yi D, Jiang B, Wang R, Wu L, Ding H, Qin J, Lee Y, Sang J, Shi X, Su L. Testosterone promotes the migration, invasion and EMT process of papillary thyroid carcinoma by up-regulating Tnnt1. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:149-166. [PMID: 37477865 PMCID: PMC10776714 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the key genes and molecular pathways in the progression of thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC) promoted by testosterone using RNA-sequencing technology, and to provide new drug targets for improving the therapeutic effect of PTC. METHODS Orchiectomy (ORX) was carried out to construct ORX mouse models. TPC-1 cells were subcutaneously injected for PTC formation in mice, and the tumor tissues were collected for RNA-seq. The key genes were screened by bioinformatics technology. Tnnt1 expression in PTC cells was knocked down or overexpressed by transfection. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay, scratch assay and transwell assay were adopted, respectively, for the detection of cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion. Besides, quantification real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot were utilized to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of genes in tissues or cells. RESULTS Both estradiol and testosterone promoted the growth of PTC xenografts. The key gene Tnnt1 was screened and obtained by bioinformatics technology. Functional analysis revealed that overexpression of Tnnt1 could markedly promote the proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of PTC cells, as well as could activate p38/JNK pathway. In addition, si-Tnt1 was able to inhibit the cancer-promoting effect of testosterone. CONCLUSION Based on the outcomes of bioinformatics and basic experiments, it is found that testosterone can promote malignant behaviors such as growth, migration, invasion and EMT process of PTC by up-regulating Tnnt1 expression. In addition, the function of testosterone may be achieved by activating p38/JNK signaling pathway.
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Yu G, Duan Q, Cui T, Jiang C, Li X, Li Y, Fu J, Zhang Y, Wang H, Luan J. Development of a bacterial gene transcription activating strategy based on transcriptional activator positive feedback. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00400-9. [PMID: 38123018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transcription of biological nitrogen fixation (nif) genes is activated by the NifA protein which recognizes specific activating sequences upstream of σ54-dependent nif promoters. The large quantities of nitrogenase which can make up 20% of the total proteins in the cell indicates high transcription activating efficiency of NifA and high transcription level of nifHDK nitrogenase genes. OBJECTIVES Development of an efficient gene transcription activating strategy in bacteria based on positive transcription regulatory proteins and their regulating DNA sequences. METHODS We designed a highly efficient gene transcription activating strategy in which the nifA gene was placed directly downstream of its regulating sequences. The NifA protein binds its regulating sequences and stimulates transcription of itself and downstream genes. Overexpressed NifA causes transcription activation by positive reinforcement. RESULTS When this gene transcription activating strategy was used to overexpress NifA in Pseudomonas stutzeri DSM4166 containing the nif gene cluster, the nitrogenase activity was increased by 368 folds which was 16 times higher than that obtained by nifA driven by the strongest endogenous constitutive promoter. When this strategy was used to activate transcription of exogenous biosynthetic genes for the plant auxin indole-3-acetic acid and the antitumor alkaloid pigment prodigiosin in DSM4166, both of them resulted in better performance than the strongest endogenous constitutive promoter and the highest reported productions in heterologous hosts to date. Finally, we demonstrated the universality of this strategy using the positive transcriptional regulator of the psp operon, PspF, in E. coli and the pathway-specific positive transcription regulator of the polyene antibiotic salinomycin biosynthesis, SlnR, in Streptomyces albus. CONCLUSION Many positive transcription regulatory proteins and their regulating DNA sequences have been identified in bacteria. The gene transcription activating strategy developed in this study will have broad applications in molecular biology and biotechnology.
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Tokoro M, Mizuno T, Bi X, Lacante S, Jiang C, Makunja R. Molecular screening of Entamoeba spp. ( E. histolytica, E. dispar, E. coli, and E. hartmanni) and Giardia intestinalis using PCR and sequencing. MethodsX 2023; 11:102361. [PMID: 37744888 PMCID: PMC10511480 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of intestinal protozoan parasites inhabit the human gut. To establish a more comprehensive molecular screening, we designed PCR-sequencing screening methods for Entamoeba spp., including commensal species, and Giardia intestinalis, and performed such methods using 174 stool samples collected from Kenyan children. The prevalences of the target species were as follows: E. histolytica (2/174, 1.1%), E. dispar (20/174, 11.5%), E. coli (107/174, 61.5%), E. hartmanni (77/174, 44.3%), and G. intestinalis (54/174, 31.0%). PCR amplicons specific to G. intestinalis was differentiated to assemblages A (8/174, 4.6%) and B (46/174, 26.4%). PCR specificity for Entamoeba spp. was quite high, except for some cross-reactions between E. hartmanni detection primers and G. intestinalis, although the false-positive amplicons were discernible by the band size. The 18S rRNA PCR primers that was designed by Monis et al. in 1999 for G. intestinalis, have specificity issue, therefore amplicon sequencing was essential not only to determine assemblage classifications but also to confirm the positive results by eliminating potential non-specific reactions. The detection sensitivity of both the Entamoeba universal PCR and the G. intestinalis PCR was more than 100 copies of the target loci, which is sufficient for detecting a single trophozoite or cyst of both species.
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Jiang B, Wang C, Qu C, Jiang C, Zhang C, Chen Y, Chen F, Su L, Luo Y. Primary human thyrocytes maintained the function of thyroid hormone production and secretion in vitro. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2501-2512. [PMID: 37133653 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid cell lines are useful tools to study the physiology and pathology of the thyroid, however, they do not produce or secrete hormones in vitro. On the other hand, the detection of endogenous thyroid hormones in primary thyrocytes was often hindered by the dedifferentiation of thyrocytes ex vivo and the presence of large amounts of exogenous hormones in the culture medium. This study aimed to create a culture system that could maintain the function of thyrocytes to produce and secrete thyroid hormones in vitro. METHODS We established a Transwell culture system of primary human thyrocytes. Thyrocytes were seeded on a porous membrane in the inner chamber of the Transwell with top and bottom surfaces exposed to different culture components, mimicking the 'lumen-capillary' structure of the thyroid follicle. Moreover, to eliminate exogenous thyroid hormones from the culture medium, two alternatives were tried: a culture recipe using hormone-reduced serum and a serum-free culture recipe. RESULTS The results showed that primary human thyrocytes expressed thyroid-specific genes at higher levels in the Transwell system than in the monolayer culture. Hormones were detected in the Transwell system even in the absence of serum. The age of the donor was negatively related to the hormone production of thyrocytes in vitro. Intriguingly, primary human thyrocytes cultured without serum secreted higher levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) than free thyroxine (FT4). CONCLUSION This study confirmed that primary human thyrocytes could maintain the function of hormone production and secretion in the Transwell system, thus providing a useful tool to study thyroid function in vitro.
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Liu F, Wang H, Jiang C, He L, Xiao S, Ye X, Fan C, Wu X, Liu W, Li Y, Wu W, Zhao Q. Dose Painting Radiotherapy Guided by Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance vs. 18F-FDG-PET/CT in Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S100-S101. [PMID: 37784268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) This phase II randomized controlled trial aimed at comparing the efficacy and toxicity of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI)-guided dose painting radiotherapy (DP-RT), FDG-PET/CT-guided DP-RT, and conventional MRI-based radiotherapy (RT) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 330 patients with stage III-IVa NPC disease were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy by DWI-guided DP-RT (group A, n = 110), FDG-PET/CT-guided DP-RT (group B, n = 110), or conventional MRI-based RT (group C, n = 110). All patients received volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). In group A, subvolume GTVnx-DWI (gross tumor volume of nasopharynx in DWI) was defined as the areas within the GTVnx (gross tumor volume of nasopharynx) with an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) below the mean ADC (ADC < mean). In group B, subvolume GTVnx-PET (gross tumor volume of nasopharynx in PET images) was defined within GTVnx as the SUV50%max isocontour. The doses to GTVnx-DWI in group A and GTVnx-PET in group B were escalated to 75.2 Gy/32 fx in patients with T1-2 disease and to 77.55 Gy/33 fx in those with T3-4 disease in 2.35 Gy per fraction. In group C, planning gross tumor volume of nasopharynx (PGTVnx) was irradiated at 70.4 to 72.6 Gy/32 to 33 fx in 2.2 Gy per fraction. This trial is registered with chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2200057476). RESULTS Group A and B showed significant higher complete response (CR) rates than group C (100%, 100%, and 96.4% for group A, B and C, respectively, p = 0.036). In groups A, B and C, the 1-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rates were 100%, 100%, and 94.5%, respectively (p = 0.002). The 1-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 100%, 99.1%, and 92.7%, respectively (p = 0.001). The 1-year distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates were 100%, 99.1%, and 93.6%, respectively (p = 0.004). The 1-year overall survival (OS) rates were 100%, 100%, and 95.4%, respectively (p = 0.006). Group A and B had significantly higher 1-year LRFS, DFS, DMFS, and OS than those in group C. No significant differences were observed in LRFS, DFS, DMFS and OS between group A and B. Group B (PET/CT group) had a higher incidence of grade 3-4 acute ototoxicity (3.6%) than group A (0%) and group C (0%, p = 0.036). No significant differences in other grade 3-4 acute adverse events and late toxic effects were observed among the three groups, and no patient had grade 5 toxicities. Multivariate analysis showed that dose painting (DWI-guided DP-RT and PET/CT-guided DP-RT vs conventional MRI-based RT) was associated with improved LRFS, DFS, DMFS and OS. CONCLUSION Both DWI-guided DP-RT and PET/CT-guided DP-RT plus chemotherapy are associated with improved LRFS, DFS, DMFS and OS compared with conventional MRI-based RT among patients with locoregionally advanced NPC. DWI-guided DP-RT does not increase toxicities, but PET/CT-guided DP-RT has higher incidence of acute ototoxicity.
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Li B, Yang L, Jiang C, Li H, Qin W, Dong T, Wang L. Outcome Supervised Deep Learning Model on Pathological Whole Slide Images for Survival Prediction of Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Multicenter Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e35. [PMID: 37785211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Although PD-(L)1 inhibitors were marked by durable efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC), about 60% of patients still suffer from recurrence and metastasis after PD-(L)1 inhibitors treatment. And there were no robust biomarkers of the response of PD-(L)1 inhibitors. Whole slide images (WSIs) of H&E-stained specimens have been found to characterize the tumor microenvironment, and might be the potential prognostic predictors of NSCLC patients. To accurately predict the response to PD-(L)1 inhibitors, we presented the deep learning model based on WSI of H&E-stained specimens of NSCLC patients. MATERIALS/METHODS Two independent cohorts of NSCLC patients receiving PD-(L)1 inhibitors from two hospitals were enrolled for model training and testing respectively. The WSI images of H&E-stained histological specimens were obtained from these patients, and patched into 1024×1024 pixels. The labels of patched images were determined due to their progression free survival (PFS) with the interval of 4 months. The patch-level model was firstly trained based on Vit to identify the predictive patches in training cohort, and patch-level probability distribution was performed. Then we trained patient-level survival model-based Vit-RNN framework, and tested it in external validation cohort. RESULTS A total of 291 WSI images of H&E-stained histological specimens from 198 NSCLC patients in primary cohort and 62 WSI images from 30 NSCLC patients in testing cohort were included for model training and external validation. All patients were divided into 4 groups due to their PFS after PD-(L)1 inhibitors. There were 246,318 patches from 291 images in primary cohort after image pre-processing, and all images were randomly divided into train cohort and validation cohort with the proportion of 7:3. The patch-level Vit model with the highest accuracy was saved and the predictive patches were selected after 50 epochs training. All patches were ranked by the probability of correct prediction, and the first 50 top-ranked patches from each WSI image are sequentially passed to the patient-level Vit-RNN model. The Vit-RNN survival achieved an accuracy of 88.6% in the validation cohort, and an accuracy of 81% in the testing cohort. The multivariate cox analysis also indicated the Vit-RNN survival model remained a statistically independent predictor of survival from PD-(L)1 inhibitors (P = 0.0085). CONCLUSION The outcome supervised Vit-RNN survival model based on pathological WSIs could be used to predict the efficacy the PD-(L)1 inhibitors in NSCLC patients, laying the foundation for the deployment of computational pathomics in clinical practice of immunotherapy.
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Zhu Y, Sun X, Jiang C, Lin Q, Weng D, Chen W, Xu Y, Shang J. Adaptive Radiotherapy Guided by PET/CT in Patients with Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase II Randomized Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S28. [PMID: 37784466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The aim of this study was to determine whether adaptive radiotherapy guided by functional imaging with flourine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) can improve local tumor control in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). MATERIALS/METHODS This was a phase II randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety between PET-guided adaptive radiotherapy and conventional radiotherapy. The primary end point was 2-year local-regional tumor control (LRTC) rate. Secondary end points included local-regional progression-free survival (LR-PFS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and radiation-related toxicities. RESULTS Between November 2012 and June 2017, 72 patients were 1:1 randomized to adaptive and conventional arms. The 2- and 5-year LRTC rates were 63.2% and 58.0% versus 43.0% and 37.6% (P = 0.035) in the adaptive and conventional arms, respectively. The median LR-PFS (14.3 versus 12.0 months; P = 0.010) and PFS (12.8 versus 8.9 months; P = 0.034) were significantly longer in the adaptive arm than in the conventional arm. The median OS was 36.3 months in the adaptive arm and 28.8 months in the conventional arm (P = 0.266). The esophageal volume of receiving ≥60 Gy (V60) in the adaptive arm was lower than that in the conventional arm (P = 0.011), while the V30 for the heart in the adaptive arm was lower than that in the conventional arm (P = 0.077). Other radiological metrological parameters of tumor, organs at risk, and the incidence of ≥grade 2 radiation-related toxicities were not significantly different between the 2 arms. CONCLUSION Compared with conventional radiotherapy, PET-guided adaptive radiotherapy significantly improved the 2-year LRTC rate, LR-PFS, and PFS without increased risks of radiation-related toxicities in patients with LA-NSCLC.
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Jiang C, Wei Q, Wang X. Study on Dosimetric Benefits of Adaptive Brachytherapy in the Treatment of Postoperative Cervical Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e735. [PMID: 37786137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) has been proven to improve the local control and survival rate of cervical cancer patients, while reducing the side effects. However, IGABT is time-consuming and difficult to achieve in countries or hospitals with intense medical resources. Compared with radical cervical cancer patients, the anatomical change of postoperative patients during brachytherapy is small. We hypothesis that the dosimetric benefits of adaptive brachytherapy in the treatment of postoperative cervical cancer patients is limited. This study investigates whether there is a balance between the treatment quality and treatment efficiency in postoperative cervical cancer patients without using IGABT. MATERIALS/METHODS We retrospectively studied 30 postoperative cervical cancer patients who underwent brachytherapy. Each patient had a primary CT (PCT) and an adaptive CT (ACT). The plan developed on the PCT (PCT plan) was introduced into ACT for dose calculation (P-ACT plan) to evaluate the dosimetric effect of anatomy change. The dose difference between P-ACT plan and ACT plan and was compared. RESULTS The mean value of HRCTV D100% and V150% in P-ACT plan are 4.95% and 0.75% lower than those of ACT plan, the difference is not statistically significant (P>0.05). The D0.1cm³ of bladder, rectum and sigmoid in P-ACT plan are higher 2.13%, 3.17%, and 0.71% than ACT plan, respectively, but the increment is insignificant (P>0.05). The D2cm³ of bladder and rectum is slightly lower in ACT plan, while the D2cm³ of sigmoid is slightly lower in P-ACT plan. The dosimetric benefits of IGABT is not remarkable for postoperative cervical cancer patients. CONCLUSION The preliminary results of this study show that IGBAT is optional for postoperative patients with cervical cancer in countries or hospitals with tight medical resources. It is necessary to conduct a larger sample and more detailed research further.
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Liu F, Wang H, Jiang C, He L, Xiao S, Yan O, Wu X, Liu W, Ye X, Fan C, Li Y, Zhao Q, Wu W, Tan C. Efficacy and Toxicity of Different Target Volume Delineations of Radiotherapy Based on the Updated RTOG/NRG and EORTC Guidelines in Patients with High Grade Glioma: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S84-S85. [PMID: 37784587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Postoperative radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard of care for newly diagnosed high grade glioma, but the optimal method for target volume delineations for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is still unclear. We hypothesized that compared with the EORTC guidelines, IMRT based on the updated RTOG/NRG guidelines was equally effective, without increasing toxicities for patients with high-grade glioma. The purpose of this randomized phase 2 study was to compare the efficacy and toxicity of IMRT based on different target volume delineations (updated RTOG/NRG versus EORTC guidelines) with concomitant and adjuvant TMZ for patients with high grade glioma. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 302 patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma (WHO grade 3-4) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive postoperative IMRT based on either updated RTOG/NRG guidelines (RTOG/NRG group, n = 151) or EORTC guideline (EORTC group, n = 151), with concomitant and adjuvant TMZ. In the RTOG/NRG group, an initial volume consisting of enhancement, postoperative cavity, plus surrounding edema (or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery [FLAIR] abnormality defined by magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and a 2-cm margin received 46 Gy in 23 fractions followed by a boost of 14 Gy in 7 fractions to the area of enhancement plus the cavity and a 2-cm margin. In the EORTC group, a single planning volume was used to deliver 60 Gy in 30 fractions to the area of enhancement and the cavity with a 2-cm margin. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) and toxicities associated with each treatment. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were observed between groups for 1-year OS (71.8% for RTOG/NRG group and 69.9% for EORTC group, respectively; P = 0.759) or 1-year PFS (46.7% for RTOG/NRG group and 43.6% for EORTC group, respectively; P = 0.674). Efficacy did not differ by MGMT methylation status. There were no differences in grade 3-4 toxicities (leukopenia, lymphopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, fatigue, nausea and vomiting) between the two groups. No grade 5 toxicities were observed in both groups. Multivariate analyses showed that tumor MGMT status (methylated vs unmethylated) and WHO grade (grade 3 vs grade 4) were associated with OS and PFS. However, radiation type (RTOG/NRG group vs EORTC), sex, age, and Karnofsky scale did not significantly influence OS or PFS. CONCLUSION Compared with EORTC guidelines for postoperative radiotherapy, IMRT based on RTOG/NRG guidelines was equally effective, without increasing toxicities for patients with high-grade glioma. This trial is registered with chictr.org.cn, number ChiCTR2100046667.
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Jiang C, Liu R, Wu X. Alcohol dehydrogenase-1B represses the proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells by inactivating the mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE POLISH PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2023; 74. [PMID: 38085522 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2023.5.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) is a serious life-threatening cancer, especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B) has recently been revealed to be associated with poor prognosis of BRCA patients. This study identified the exact function of ADH1B on the progression of BRCA and TNBC. ADH1B effect on the prognosis of BRCA and TNBC patients was researched based on online databases and clinical samples. The function of ADH1B on the proliferation, invasion and migration, and growth of BRCA and TNBC cells was investigated by cell counting kit-8, Transwell, and in vivo assays. Western blot was utilized to determine the effect of ADH1B on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway activity. As a result, ADH1B was down-regulated in BRCA and TNBC patients and cells, predicting unfavorable prognosis (P<0.05). ADH1B overexpression suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration, and inactivated the MAPK signalling pathway in BRCA and TNBC cells (P<0.01). ADH1B synergized with Selumetinib (inhibitor of the MAPK signalling pathway) to attenuate the proliferation, invasion and migration of BRCA and TNBC cells (P<0.001). Conversely, Vacquinol-1 (activator of the MAPK signalling pathway) abolished the suppression of ADH1B on the proliferation, invasion and migration of BRCA and TNBC cells (P<0.05). ADH1B suppressed in vivo growth of TNBC cells (P<0.001). Thus, ADH1B may inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of BRCA and TNBC cells by inactivating the MAPK signalling pathway. It may be a promising target for the clinical treatment of BRCA and TNBC.
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Jiang C, Hoover T, Kim MM, Han X, Plastaras JP, LaRiviere MJ. Outcomes of Proton Therapy for Patients with Infradiaphragmatic Lymphoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e470. [PMID: 37785498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) While the role of proton radiation (PT) in treating supradiaphragmatic targets in lymphoma patients is becoming increasingly well-established, outcomes of PT for infradiaphragmatic locations have not been reported. We report on the radiation planning details, doses achieved to key organs at risk (OARs), and clinical outcomes for a cohort of lymphoma patients treated with PT to infradiaphragmatic locations. MATERIALS/METHODS This is a single institution retrospective study of patients with biopsy-proven lymphoma who received PT to an infradiaphragmatic target between 2011-2022. Patient, disease, and radiation details were collected. Comparison photon plans were generated for a subset of patients. Toxicity was reported using CTCAE version 5.0. Dosimetric and clinical factors associated with toxicity and oncologic outcomes were assessed via linear regression, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher's exact test, and/or independent t-test while the paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for dosimetric analyses. RESULTS 38 patients comprising 40 PT courses were included. Median age was 63 years and median follow-up was 48 months. The most common diagnoses were DLBCL (58%) and Hodgkin lymphoma (18%). 28% of PT courses had direct overlap with a prior radiation field and 20% were palliative. Median dose was 30.6 GyE over 17 fractions to the retroperitoneum (30%), spine/paraspinal region (30%), pelvis (18%), inguinals (8%), spleen (3%), or other (8%). Top G1 toxicities were fatigue (65%), dermatitis (28%), and nausea (23%). 10% of PT courses led to a G2 toxicity and there were no G3+ toxicities. Higher number of fractions was associated with increased incidence of dermatitis (mean 16 vs. 19, p = 0.008), but no OAR parameters were associated with CTCAE toxicities. Among patients treated with curative intent, 44% experienced progression of disease (PD) at a median time of 3 months after PT; of these progressions, 60% were distant only, 20% were marginal only, 10% was marginal and distant, and 10% was in-field and distant. Higher number of systemic therapy lines received prior to PT was associated with increased likelihood of PD (mean 1.4 vs. 4.1, p = 0.01), and PD increased the risk of death (OR 15.3, 95% CI 2.5-95.2). 5/39 patients were diagnosed with a second malignancy after PT, two of which were hematologic. Among the 10 patients with photon comparison plans, PT provided a significant decrease in kidney doses (mean and V5), small bowel V5 Gy, large bowel V5 Gy, bowel bag V15 Gy, and mean liver (all p = 0.045 or less). However, average spinal cord/cauda Dmax was slightly higher with PT (24 vs. 25 Gy, p = 0.0156). CONCLUSION PT is a well-tolerated treatment for infradiaphragmatic lymphoma that leads to excellent outcomes with minimal high-grade toxicities. Compared to photon therapy, PT can significantly reduce doses to key abdominopelvic OARs.
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He L, Jiang C, Jiang CX, Tang RB, Sang CH, Long DY, Du X, Dong JZ, Ma CS. [Association between atrial fibrillation reoccurrence and new-onset ischemic stroke among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 2023; 51:944-950. [PMID: 37709710 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20221108-00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Explore the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) reoccurrence and new-onset ischemic stroke (IS) in patients with nonvalvular AF, and explore whether there is a high-risk period of IS after recurrent episodes of AF. Methods: A nested case-control study design was used. A total of 565 nonvalvular AF patients with new-onset IS after a follow-up of at least 2 years in the China-AF cohort were enrolled as the case group, and 1 693 nonvalvular AF patients without new-onset IS were matched as the control group at a ratio of 1∶3. Frequency and types of recurrent AF in the previous 1 or 2 years were compared between two groups, and the adjusted associations of AF reoccurrence with new onset IS were explored using conditional logistic regression analysis. The proportion of recurrent AF was compared between the case period and control period, and conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate adjusted associations of case-period AF with IS. Results: The nested case-control study design results showed that the proportion of at least one record of recurrent AF in the previous 1 year was higher in the case group than in the control group (72.0% vs. 60.8%, P<0.05), and the recurrent AF was positively correlated with new-onset IS (adjusted OR=1.80, P<0.001). Similar results were also observed in the previous 2 years period. The case-crossover study design analysis showed that among 565 patients with new-onset IS, recurrent AF in the case period was positively correlated with IS (adjusted OR=1.61, P=0.003). Conclusion: Recurrent AF is associated with IS, and there may be a high-risk period of IS after recurrent episodes of AF.
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Zheng W, Xia Y, Wang X, Gao S, Zhou D, Ravichandran V, Jiang C, Tu Q, Yin Y, Zhang Y, Fu J, Li R, Yin J. Precise genome engineering in Pseudomonas using phage-encoded homologous recombination and the Cascade-Cas3 system. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2642-2670. [PMID: 37626246 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A lack of generic and effective genetic manipulation methods for Pseudomonas has restricted fundamental research and utilization of this genus for biotechnology applications. Phage-encoded homologous recombination (PEHR) is an efficient tool for bacterial genome engineering. This PEHR system is based on a lambda Red-like operon (BAS) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage Ab31 and a Rac bacteriophage RecET-like operon (Rec-TEPsy) from P. syringae pv. syringae B728a and also contains exogenous elements, including the RecBCD inhibitor (Redγ or Pluγ) or single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB), that were added to enhance the PEHR recombineering efficiency. To solve the problem of false positives in Pseudomonas editing with the PEHR system, the processive enzyme Cas3 with a minimal Type I-C Cascade-based system was combined with PEHR. This protocol describes the utilization of a Pseudomonas-specific PEHR-Cas3 system that was designed to universally and proficiently modify the genomes of Pseudomonas species. The pipeline uses standardized cassettes combined with the concerted use of SacB counterselection and Cre site-specific recombinase for markerless or seamless genome modification, in association with vectors that possess the selectively replicating template R6K to minimize recombineering background. Compared with the traditional allelic exchange editing method, the PEHR-Cas3 system does not need to construct suicide plasmids carrying long homologous arms, thus simplifying the experimental procedure and shortening the traceless editing period. Compared with general editing systems based on phage recombinases, the PEHR-Cas3 system can effectively improve the screening efficiency of mutants using the cutting ability of Cas3 protein. The entire procedure requires ~12 days.
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Li B, Wang H, Jiang C, Zeng X, Zhang T, Liu S, Zhuang Z. Tissue Distribution of mtDNA Copy Number And Expression Pattern of An mtDNA-Related Gene in Three Teleost Fish Species. Integr Org Biol 2023; 5:obad029. [PMID: 37705694 PMCID: PMC10495257 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Teleosts are the most speciose vertebrates and have diverse swimming performance. Based on swimming duration and speed, teleosts are broadly divided into sustained, prolonged, and burst swimming fish. Teleosts with different swimming performance have different energy requirements. In addition, energy requirement also varies among different tissues. As mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is correlated with ATP production, we speculated that mtDNA copy number varies among fish with different swimming performance, as well as among different tissues. In other species, mtDNA copy number is regulated by tfam (mitochondrial transcription factor A) through mtDNA compaction and mito-genome replication initiation. In order to clarify the tissue distribution of mtDNA copy number and expression pattern of tfam in teleosts with disparate swimming performance, we selected representative fish with sustained swimming (Pseudocaranx dentex), prolonged swimming (Takifugu rubripes), and burst swimming (Paralichthys olivaceus). We measured mtDNA copy number and tfam gene expression in 10 tissues of these three fish. The results showed the mtDNA content pattern of various tissues was broadly consistent among three fish, and high-energy demanding tissues contain higher mtDNA copy number. Slow-twitch muscles with higher oxidative metabolism possess a greater content of mtDNA than fast-twitch muscles. In addition, relatively higher mtDNA content in fast-twitch muscle of P. olivaceus compared to the other two fish could be an adaptation to their frequent burst swimming demands. And the higher mtDNA copy number in heart of P. dentex could meet their oxygen transport demands of long-distance swimming. However, tfam expression was not significantly correlated with mtDNA copy number in these teleosts, suggesting tfam may be not the only factor regulating mtDNA content among various tissues. This study can lay a foundation for studying the role of mtDNA in the adaptive evolution of various swimming ability in teleost fish.
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Zhou L, Ma CS, Kong Y, He L, Jiang C. [Application and prospect of telehealth in the management of cardiovascular disease]. ZHONGHUA NEI KE ZA ZHI 2023; 62:1034-1038. [PMID: 37528046 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20220913-00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
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Guo XY, Wang Z, Li ST, Jiang C, Sang CH, Ma CS. [Analysis of factors associated with anxiety in patients with atrial fibrillation and their caregivers]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2023; 103:2151-2156. [PMID: 37482726 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230202-00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the risk factors of anxiety in patients with atrial fibrillation and their caregivers. Methods: From September 2020 to March 2021, patients with atrial fibrillation and one primary family member as caregiver of each patient from Beijing Anzhen Hospital were enrolled. Basic data of patients and their caregivers were collected, and anxiety of patients and caregivers were evaluated by Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7). A total of 374 patients with atrial fibrillation and their caregivers were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of anxiety of patients and their caregivers. Results: The mean age of the patients was (58.3±10.6) years, and 124 (33.2%) were female. The caregivers were (53.6±11.6) years old, and 247 (66%) were female. 69 (18.4%) patients and 38 (10.2%) caregivers had mild anxiety (GAD-7:5-9 scores), 13 (3.5%) patients and 9 (2.4%) caregivers had moderate or higher anxiety (GAD-7:10-21 scores). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors of anxiety in patients with atrial fibrillation included EHRA score≥3 (OR=1.73,95%CI:1.03-2.89,P=0.039) and female sex (OR=1.90,95%CI:1.06-3.40,P=0.032). EHRA score of patients≥3 (OR=2.11,95%CI:1.05-4.24, P=0.036) or anxiety of patients (OR=2.76,95%CI:1.36-5.60,P=0.005) were associated with higher anxiety of caregivers. Moreover, age of≥65 years old (OR=3.97,95%CI:1.68-9.38,P=0.002), female sex (OR=3.83,95%CI:1.64-8.93,P=0.002) and number of comorbidities of caregivers≥2 (OR=2.57,95%CI:1.03-6.41,P=0.043) were also associated with anxiety of caregivers. Conclusions: Patients with severe symptoms have a higher proportion of anxiety, and their caregivers are more likely to experience anxiety. Anxiety rate is higher in caregivers of patients with anxiety.
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Shen CY, Li GR, Wei D, Wang W, Yang XS, Jiang C, Sheng YT, Yang ZK, Nie XW, Chen JY. [Expression and protective effect of chemerin in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]. ZHONGHUA JIE HE HE HU XI ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA JIEHE HE HUXI ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES 2023; 46:688-696. [PMID: 37402659 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20221119-00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the expression and the role of chemerin in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods: Quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein levels of chemerin in lung tissues from IPF patients and the controls. Clinical serum level of chemerin was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mouse lung fibroblasts isolated and cultured in vitro were divided into the control, TGF-β, TGF-β+chemerin and chemerin groups. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control, bleomycin, bleomycin+chemerin, and chemerin groups. Masson and immunohistochemical staining were performed to evaluate the severity of pulmonary fibrosis. Expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was detected by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining in the in vitro and in vivo models of pulmonary fibrosis, respectively. Results: Compared with the control group, the expression of chemerin was downregulated in both the lung tissue and the serum of IPF patients. Immunofluorescence showed that treatment of fibroblasts with TGF-β alone resulted in a robust expression of α-SMA, whereas treatment with TGF-β and chemerin together exhibited the similar expression levels of α-SMA as the control group. Masson staining indicated that the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model was constructed successfully, while treatment of chemerin partially alleviated the damage of lung tissue. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of chemerin in the lung tissue was significantly decreased in the bleomycin group. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that chemerin attenuated EMT induced by TGF-β and bleomycin both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: The expression of chemerin was reduced in patients with IPF. Chemerin may play a protective role in the development of IPF by regulating EMT, providing a new idea for the clinical treatment of IPF.
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Jiang C, She Q, Wang H. Editorial: Insights in genome editing tools and mechanisms: 2022. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1240576. [PMID: 37496635 PMCID: PMC10367544 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1240576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
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Jiang C, Zhao KQ, Zhao HL, Zheng ZZ, Zhao XH, Wu WW. [Relationship between carotid atherosclerotic plaque characteristics in magnetic resonance imaging and perioperative hemodynamic instability]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2023; 103:1918-1924. [PMID: 37402673 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20221208-02600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the relationship between carotid atherosclerotic plaque characteristics in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and perioperative hemodynamic instability in patients with severe carotid artery stenosis undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS). Methods: A total of 89 patients with carotid artery stenosis who underwent CAS treatment at Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital affiliated to Tsinghua University from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021, were prospectively included. Among them, 74 were male and 15 were female, with an age range of 43 to 87 years (mean age: 67.8±8.2 years). Preoperative examinations included carotid artery MRI vessel wall imaging to analyze the existence of large lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC), intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), and fibrous cap rupture in carotid artery plaques. Plaques without the above-mentioned risk factors were defined as stable plaque group (34 cases), while those with such risk factors were defined as vulnerable plaque group (55 cases). The number of risk factors present in each plaque was also calculated. Intraoperative changes in blood pressure and heart rate were recorded, and the use of dopamine postoperatively was noted. Using the risk factors that the plaque has as independent variables and the clinical outcomes as dependent variables, the RR values were calculated, and the differences in clinical outcomes of patients with different risk factors were compared. Results: The incidence rates of hypotension and bradycardia were higher in patients with vulnerable plaques than those with stable plaques (60.0% (33/55) vs 14.7%(5/34) and 38.2%(21/55) vs 14.7%(5/34), respectively; both P<0.05). Based on MRI imaging features, the large LRNC was present in 45 cases, with RR values for hypotension and bradycardia of 3.15 (1.69-5.87) and 2.20 (1.07-4.53), respectively; IPH was present in 37 cases, with RR values for hypotension and bradycardia of 2.70 (1.61-4.55) and 2.25 (1.15-4.39), respectively; and fibrous cap rupture was present in 29 cases, with RR values for hypotension and bradycardia of 1.50 (0.94-2.40) and 1.29 (0.67-2.49), respectively. The higher the number of risk factors in vulnerable plaques, the higher the incidence of intraoperative blood pressure and heart rate decrease: when the number of risk factors ranged from 0 to 3, the incidence of blood pressure decrease was 14.7% (5/34), 9/18, 11/18, and 13/19, respectively (P<0.001), and the incidence of heart rate decrease was 14.7% (5/34), 6/18, 7/18, and 8/19, respectively (P=0.022). There was no significant difference in the number of cases of dopamine use between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Patients with a higher number of risk factors for vulnerable carotid plaques, as indicated by carotid artery MRI vessel wall imaging, are at a higher risk of experiencing blood pressure and heart rate decrease during CAS surgery.
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Jiang C, Yuan Y, Gu B, Ahn E, Kim J, Feng D, Huang Q, Song S. Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion and perineural invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics analysis. Clin Radiol 2023:S0009-9260(23)00219-2. [PMID: 37365115 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To develop and validate a predictive model based on 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) radiomics features and clinicopathological parameters to preoperatively identify microvascular invasion (MVI) and perineural invasion (PNI), which are important predictors of poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT images and clinicopathological parameters of 170 patients in PDAC were collected retrospectively. The whole tumour and its peritumoural variants (tumour dilated with 3, 5, and 10 mm pixels) were applied to add tumour periphery information. A feature-selection algorithm was employed to mine mono-modality and fused feature subsets, then conducted binary classification using gradient boosted decision trees. RESULTS For MVI prediction, the model performed best on a fused subset of 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics features and two clinicopathological parameters, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 83.08%, accuracy of 78.82%, recall of 75.08%, precision of 75.5%, and F1-score of 74.59%. For PNI prediction, the model achieved best prediction results only on the subset of PET/CT radiomics features, with AUC of 94%, accuracy of 89.33%, recall of 90%, precision of 87.81%, and F1 score of 88.35%. In both models, 3 mm dilation on the tumour volume produced the best results. CONCLUSIONS The radiomics predictors from preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging exhibited instructive predictive efficacy in the identification of MVI and PNI status preoperatively in PDAC. Peritumoural information was shown to assist in MVI and PNI predictions.
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