Return to full duty after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery in military personnel: A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the clinical-functional results of anterior cruciate ligament surgery in military population, as well as the complications associated with it.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Three major database sources up to December 2022 (PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect) were searched for outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament surgery in military personnel. The systematic review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses -PRISMA- standards, and the inclusion criteria following the PICO strategy. Data from included studies were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 software.

RESULTS

A total of 7 retrospective studies were selected. The general rate of return to full duty in military personnel was 62.3% (61.5% for the non-officer group vs. 68.3% for the officer group) without this difference being significant (p=0.92). The general rate of meniscal injury in the military was 58.8%, without this difference being significant (p=0.88). The homogeneity in both cases was good (I2=0%, p=0.99).

CONCLUSION

Return to full military duty can be used in the military population as a marker of success after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. It should be noted that a large number of military personnel experience permanent activity limitations that prevent full return to service.

[Translated article] Return to full duty after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery in military personnel: A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the clinical-functional results of anterior cruciate ligament surgery in military population, as well as the complications associated with it.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Three major database sources up to December 2022 (PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect) were searched for outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament surgery in military personnel. The systematic review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses -PRISMA- standards, and the inclusion criteria following the PICO strategy. Data from included studies were analysed using Review Manager 5.4 software.

RESULTS

A total of seven retrospective studies were selected. The general rate of return to full duty in military personnel was 62.3% (61.5% for the non-officer group versus 68.3% for the officer group) without this difference being significant (p=0.92). The general rate of meniscal injury in the military was 58.8%, without this difference being significant (p=0.88). The homogeneity in both cases was good (I2=0%, p=0.99).

CONCLUSION

Return to full military duty can be used in the military population as a marker of success after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. It should be noted that a large number of military personnel experience permanent activity limitations that prevent full return to service.

Factors associated with unjustified chronic treatment with digoxin in patients with acute heart failure and relationship with short-term prognosis

OBJECTIVES

To analyze the factors related to inadequate chronic treatment with digoxin and whether the inadequacy of treatment has an impact on short-term outcome.

METHOD

Patients diagnosed with AHF who were in chronic treatment with digoxin, were selected. Digoxin treatment was classified as adequate or inadequate. We investigated factors associated to inadequacy and whether such inadequacy was associated with in-hospital and 30-day mortality, prolonged hospital stay (>7 days) and combined adverse event (re-consultation to the ED or hospitalization for AHF or death from any cause) during the 30 days after discharge.

RESULTS

We analyzed 2,366 patients on chronic digoxin treatment (median age = 83 years, women = 61%), which was considered adequate in 1,373 cases (58.0%) and inadequate in 993 (42.0%). The inadequacy was associated with older age, less comorbidity, less treatment with beta-blockers and renin-angiotensin inhibitors, better ventricular function, and worse Barthel index. In-hospital and 30-day mortality was higher in patients with inadequate digoxin treatment (9.9% versus 7.6%, p = 0.05; and 12.6% versus 9.1%, p < 0.001, respectively). No differences were recorded in prolonged stay (35.7% versus 33.8%) or post-discharge adverse events (32.9% versus 31.8%). In the model adjusted for baseline and decompensation episode differences, inadequate treatment with digoxin was not significantly associated with any outcome, with an odds ratio of 1.31 (95%CI = 0.85-2.03) for in-hospital mortality; 1.29 (0.74-2.25) for 30-day mortality; 1.07 (0.82-1.40) for prolonged stay; and 0.88 (0.65-1.19) for post-discharge adverse event.

CONCLUSION

There is a profile of patients with AHF who inadequately receive digoxin, although this inadequateness for chronic digitalis treatment was not associated with short-term adverse outcomes.

Impact of digestive-surgical cross-disciplinary management in patients with esophageal atresia

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to analyze whether patients undergoing esophageal atresia (EA) surgery benefit from a cross-disciplinary follow-up program, based on current clinical guidelines, implemented in our institution.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

An observational, analytical, retrospective study of patients undergoing EA surgery from 2012 to 2022 was carried out. The results of a joint pediatric surgery and gastroenterology consultation program -which was implemented in 2018 and applies a protocol based on the new ESPGHAN-NASPGHAN guidelines- were analyzed. Patients were divided according to whether they had been treated before or after 2018. Quantitative variables -follow-up losses, anti-reflux treatment initiation and duration, and enteral nutrition initiation- and qualitative variables -prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux, anti-reflux surgery, respiratory infections, anastomotic stenosis, re-fistulizations, dysphagia, impaction episodes, need for gastrostomy, and endoscopic results- were compared.

RESULTS

38 patients were included. 63.2% had gastroesophageal reflux. 97.4% received anti-reflux treatment in the first year of life, with treatment being subsequently discontinued in 47.4%. Discontinuation time decreased by a mean of 24 months following program implementation (p< 0.05). A 4.6-fold increase in the frequency of pH-metries was noted following program implementation. The protocol standardized endoscopies in asymptomatic patients when they turn 5 and 10 years old. 25 endoscopies with biopsy were carried out after 2018, with histological disorders being detected in 28% of them. The number of follow-up losses significantly decreased following protocol implementation (p< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Digestive-surgical cross-disciplinary follow-up of EA patients has a positive impact on patient progression. Applying the guidelines helps optimize treatment and early diagnosis of complications.

Development and validation of a clinical score for early diagnosis of constipation in critically ill children

Constipation affects almost 50% of critically ill pediatric patients and is related to their morbidity and mortality. However, little attention is paid to it and it is diagnosed late and when there are already complications. The objective of this study is to develop and validate a score to identify critically ill children with high risk of constipation 48 h after admission. A single center two phase-study was carried out; the first one (retrospective observational study) to develop the score and the second one to validate it in another prospective observational study. Children between 15 days of life and 18 years old admitted to the PICU for more than 3 days were included. Demographic and clinical data during the first 48 h after PICU admission were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis and ROC curves were used to develop and validate the score. Data from 145 patients (62.8% boys) with a mean age of 34.9 ± 7.3 months were used to develop the score. Independent factors identified to develop the score were: weight > 7 kg, admission to PICU after surgery, need of vasoconstrictors, doses of fentanyl ≥ 2 mcg/kg/h, and initiation of enteral nutrition later than 48 h after admission. Two cut-off values were identified to set low constipation risk (< 5.7 points) and high constipation risk (> 6.2 points). This score was validated in 124 patients showing a sensibility of 63.2%, specificity of 95.5% and a positive/negative predictive values (P/NPV) of 100% and 82.1% respectively to identify constipated patients. This is the first score to identify high constipation risk in critically ill children. This score is easy to apply, and internal validation has shown a PPV of 100%.

Occurrence, source estimation, and risk assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in coastal seawaters from the Quintero Industrial Complex (Valparaíso, Chile)

In the 1960s, the Quintero industrial complex was inaugurated in Chile. This began a history of dramatic anthropogenic impacts on the Chilean coast. Among the known, we could mention high atmospheric emissions of chemicals due to combustion processes and frequent oil spills. For this reason, we surveyed the concentrations of fifteen EPA_PAHs in the surface coastal waters of the Quintero Bay area in 2015. The levels found are in the range of the highest levels when reviewing the literature (0.97 μg L^-1 up to 9.84 μg L^-1). The highest levels were found in the vicinity of the industrial complex and decreased in the other two zones. The concentration of individual compounds significantly exceeds the levels recommended by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and the EU water framework directive (WFD). The risk estimations revealed that PAH concentrations represent high-risk for wildlife. Molecular ratios of PAHs were used to identify the possible sources, being these were mainly of pyrogenic origin, agreeing with an origin in the combustion of wood, coal, grass, and fossil fuels. This study contributes to the first data for surface water in a country's highly impacted industrial coastal area.

Design and manufacture of a reinforced fuselage structure through automatic laying-up and in-situ consolidation with co-consolidation of skin and stringers using thermoplastic composite materials

Thermoplastic composites can be used to construct safer and more efficient aircraft fuselage structures. They provide significant weight reduction compared to conventional metallic materials, reducing the fuel consumption of the aircraft and increasing its performance and profitability. In this study, we designed and manufactured a level 2* flat fuselage specimen. The specimen comprises 2 Ω-shaped stringers and one Z-shaped frame that were manufactured using a carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic material. The skin was laminated on top of the stiffeners and co-consolidated to them, eliminating the need for rivets or adhesives. The manufacturing processes of the stiffeners (press-forming) and skin (in-situ consolidation) are described herein. The quality of the manufactured specimens was evaluated through non-destructive and physical-chemical testing. The test results will serve as a reference for designing and manufacturing a level 3* curved fuselage in a future study. *Level 2: "Element tests according to the Building Block approach (MIL-HDBK-17, 2002) [18]"; Level 3: "Detail tests according to the Building Block approach (MIL-HDBK-17, 2002) [18]".

Familial component of early-onset colorectal cancer: opportunity for prevention

BACKGROUND

Individuals with a non-syndromic family history of colorectal cancer are known to have an increased risk. There is an opportunity to prevent early-onset colorectal cancer (age less than 50 years) (EOCRC) in this population. The aim was to explore the proportion of EOCRC that is preventable due to family history of colorectal cancer.

METHODS

This was a retrospective multicentre European study of patients with non-hereditary EOCRC. The impact of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), U.S. Multi-Society Task Force (USMSTF), and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines on prevention and early diagnosis was compared. Colorectal cancer was defined as potentially preventable if surveillance colonoscopy would have been performed at least 5 years before the age of diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and diagnosed early if colonoscopy was undertaken between 1 and 4 years before the diagnosis.

RESULTS

Some 903 patients with EOCRC were included. Criteria for familial colorectal cancer risk in ESGE, USMSTF, and NCCN guidelines were met in 6.3, 9.4, and 30.4 per cent of patients respectively. Based on ESGE, USMSTF, and NCCN guidelines, colorectal cancer could potentially have been prevented in 41, 55, and 30.3 per cent of patients, and diagnosed earlier in 11, 14, and 21.1 per cent respectively. In ESGE guidelines, if surveillance had started 10 years before the youngest relative, there would be a significant increase in prevention (41 versus 55 per cent; P = 0.010).

CONCLUSION

ESGE, USMSTF, and NCCN criteria for familial colorectal cancer were met in 6.3, 9.4, and 30.4 per cent of patients with EOCRC respectively. In these patients, early detection and/or prevention could be achieved in 52, 70, and 51.4 per cent respectively. Early and accurate identification of familial colorectal cancer risk and increase in the uptake of early colonoscopy are key to decreasing familial EOCRC.

Extended totally extraperitoneal (eTEP) treatment for lateral primary and incisional hernias. New approach to old problems

PURPOSE

To describe the eTEP approach for treating lateral primary and incisional hernia and show its results in a prospective series of cases.

METHODS

A descriptive prospective study with patients treated surgically for lateral hernias using eTEP approach. Every patient was operated by the same surgeon from November 2018 to December 2021. Inclusion criteria were primary and incisional hernia, lateral and W1 and W2 sized using the EHS classification. Exclusion criteria were W3 hernia, loss of domain, need to remove previous mesh, dystrophic or ulcerative skin, history of previous complex surgery. Details of the surgical technique are described.

RESULTS

34 patients were operated. Median age was 65 years old and BMI, 29.9 (22.1-47.1). There were several locations being the most frequent L3 in 18 patients. The median length was 41 mm (10-129) and width, 44 mm (10-97). The median of defect-mesh ratio was 5.05 (0.9-447.64). TAR was practised in 21 patients (61.8%). Only one patient suffered a clinically relevant complication, being a hematoma (Dindo-Clavien II). 50% of patients were operated in ambulatory surgery. After a median follow-up of 13.5 months, only one recurrence has been reported (2.9%).

CONCLUSION

eTEP to treat lateral hernias is feasible and reproducible showing good results in terms of hernia recurrence and complications. A further prospective randomized clinical trial is needed to support these results.

In vivo electrophysiological study of the targeting of 5-HT3 receptor-expressing cortical interneurons by the multimodal antidepressant, vortioxetine

The antidepressant vortioxetine has high affinity for the ionotropic 5-HT3 receptor (5-HT3 R) as well as other targets including the 5-HT transporter. The procognitive effects of vortioxetine have been linked to altered excitatory:inhibitory balance in cortex. Thus, vortioxetine purportedly inhibits cortical 5-HT3 R-expressing interneurons (5-HT3 R-INs) to disinhibit excitatory pyramidal neurons. The current study determined for the first time the effect of vortioxetine on the in vivo firing of putative 5-HT3 R-INs whilst simultaneously recording pyramidal neuron activity using cortical slow-wave oscillations as a readout. Extracellular single unit and local field potential recordings were made in superficial layers of the prefrontal cortex of urethane-anaesthetised rats. 5-HT3 R-INs were identified by a short-latency excitation evoked by electrical stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Juxtacellular-labelling found such neurons had the morphological and immunohistochemical properties of 5-HT3 R-INs: basket cell or bipolar cell morphology, expression of 5-HT3 R-IN markers and parvalbumin-immunonegative. Vortioxetine inhibited the short-latency DRN-evoked excitation of 5-HT3 R-INs and simultaneously decreased cortical slow wave oscillations, indicative of pyramidal neuron activation. Likewise, the 5-HT3 R antagonist ondansetron inhibited the short-latency DRN-evoked excitation of 5-HT3 R-INs. However unlike vortioxetine, ondansetron did not decrease cortical slow-wave oscillations, suggesting a dissociation between this effect and inhibition of 5-HT3 R-INs. The 5-HT reuptake inhibitor escitalopram had no consistent effect on any electrophysiological parameter measured. Overall, the current findings suggest that vortioxetine simultaneously inhibits (DRN-evoked) 5-HT3 R-INs and excites pyramidal neurons, thereby changing the excitatory:inhibitory balance in cortex. However, under the current experimental conditions, these two effects were dissociable with only the former likely involving a 5-HT3 R-mediated mechanism.

Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: Cosmological Constraints from Cluster Abundances, Weak Lensing, and Galaxy Correlations

We present the first joint analysis of cluster abundances and auto or cross-correlations of three cosmic tracer fields: galaxy density, weak gravitational lensing shear, and cluster density split by optical richness. From a joint analysis (4×2pt+N) of cluster abundances, three cluster cross-correlations, and the auto correlations of the galaxy density measured from the first year data of the Dark Energy Survey, we obtain Ω_{m}=0.305_{-0.038}^{+0.055} and σ_{8}=0.783_{-0.054}^{+0.064}. This result is consistent with constraints from the DES-Y1 galaxy clustering and weak lensing two-point correlation functions for the flat νΛCDM model. Consequently, we combine cluster abundances and all two-point correlations from across all three cosmic tracer fields (6×2pt+N) and find improved constraints on cosmological parameters as well as on the cluster observable-mass scaling relation. This analysis is an important advance in both optical cluster cosmology and multiprobe analyses of upcoming wide imaging surveys.