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Murdoch EM, Ayers J, Trihy E, Crane MF, Ntoumanis N, Brade C, Quested E, Gucciardi DF. Stepping back or stepping in: A qualitative investigation of self-distanced versus self-immersed stressor reflections with competitive swimmers. Stress Health 2024:e3434. [PMID: 38822817 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
High performance sport consists of stressor events which can disrupt an athletes' functioning and negatively influence performance. The way in which one reflects upon stressor events and develops insights regarding how they coped is essential to overcoming similar experiences in the future. We conducted a pilot randomised controlled trial with a qualitative analysis to explore the coping insights among 48 highly trained/national level swimmers in the lead up to major swimming competitions, who reflected on stressor events from self-distanced or self-immersed perspectives over a 3-week period. Using the self-reflection and coping insight framework as a guideline, we captured divers coping insights across both groups. Irrespective of the group to which they were assigned, athletes showed positive signs towards re-interpreting their stressor experience and embracing the stressor event, whereas consideration of individual values and adoption of a future-focus viewpoint were areas lacking. The emotionality described by athletes in their written reflections varied across both groups and influenced the development of coping insights. Our findings indicate a necessity to examine the emotionality associated with unique stressor events and consider integrating reflection strategies, while also enhancing the operational definitions within conceptual models of stress reflection protocols.
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Riddell H, Lamont W, Lombard M, Paduano S, Maltagliati S, Gucciardi DF, Ntoumanis N. Autonomous motivation promotes goal attainment through the conscious investment of effort, but mental contrasting with implementation intentions makes goal striving easier. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 164:230-243. [PMID: 36587628 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2163610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
People with autonomous motives (e.g., personal importance) may use automated strategies to effortlessly sustain goal-directed behavior and overcome obstacles. We investigated whether conscious effort, ease of goal striving, physiological effort, and the number of obstacles encountered mediate relations between motives and goal attainment for a competitive cycling goal. Additionally, half the participants (n = 57) were trained in Mental Contrasting with Implementation Intentions (MCII) - a technique that facilitates development of goal-directed behavior - with remaining participants (n = 54) treated as controls. Conscious investment of effort mediated relations between autonomous motives and goal attainment. Subjective ease of goal striving and physiological effort did not. This result indicates that successful goal striving is not perceived as effortless for autonomously motivated individuals working on competitive goals. Conversely, MCII predicted a reduction in obstacles, which in turn was associated with easier goal striving but not goal attainment. Although MCII did not support goal attainment in the current study, its ability to minimize the influence of obstacles may still be useful for other types of goals or for sustaining long-term goal pursuit.
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Crane MF, Hoare S, Kangas M, Gucciardi DF, Karin E. A coping self-insight scale for adults: development and preliminary psychometric properties. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:157-179. [PMID: 38053399 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2290099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-insights focused on the coping process are implicated in the refinement of capacities for resilience. To advance this research, we must identify key coping self-insights and develop a concise measurement tool. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to develop evidence for the construct dimensionality and validity of a measure of coping self-insight. METHODS Items measuring 13 coping self-insight dimensions were generated via consultation with theoretical work, subject matter experts, and pre-testing items for clarity. Thereafter, the dimensionality of items was assessed with undergraduate students (N = 232) and an online sample (N = 800) via exploratory and confirmatory analyses. Finally, a multi-trait, multi-method approach was used to test discriminant validity in a further sample of students (N = 228). RESULTS The initial item list was reduced to five key dimensions that balanced data-driven and conceptual considerations. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed moderate-to-strong correlations (r = .47-.80) among dimensions. We also demonstrated evidence of internal reliability, convergent, criterion, and discriminant validity. Invariance tests for sub-groups of interest (e.g., sex, sample type) frequently demonstrated metric or scalar invariance, except for age sub-groups. CONCLUSIONS Findings offer a starting point regarding the types of coping self-insights important for the emergence of resilience and a validated tool for future research.
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Hug S, Cavalheri V, Gucciardi DF, Hill K. Quantifying uptake and completion of pulmonary rehabilitation programs in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease known to tertiary care. Chron Respir Dis 2024; 21:14799731231224781. [PMID: 38183174 PMCID: PMC10771047 DOI: 10.1177/14799731231224781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation programs (PRPs), but program attrition is common. METHODS For people with COPD who presented to tertiary care and appeared appropriate for a PRP, we prospectively mapped their PRP journey, explored factors influencing attendance to pre-program assessment and captured program attrition. RESULTS Of the 391 participants, 31% (95% CI 27 to 36) were referred to a PRP (n = 123; age 68 ± 10years, 62 males [50%], FEV1 45 ± 19%predicted). Of those referred, 94 (76% [69 to 84]) attended a pre-program assessment. Ex-smokers and those who had a healthcare professional (HCP) explain they would be referred were more likely to attend a pre-program assessment (odds ratio [95%CI]; 2.6 [1.1 to 6.1]; and 4.7 [1.9 to 11.7], respectively). Of the 94 who attended, 63 (67% [58 to 77]) commenced; and of those who commenced, 35 (56% [43 to 68]) completed a PRP. All who completed (n = 35, 100%) were provided at least one strategy to maintain training-related gains. CONCLUSION Attrition occurs throughout the PRP journey. Interactions with HCPs about PRPs positively influenced attendance. Understanding how HCPs can best contextualise PRPs to encourage referral acceptance and uptake is an important area for further work.
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Crane MF, Hazel G, Kunzelmann A, Kho M, Gucciardi DF, Rigotti T, Kalisch R, Karin E. An exploratory domain analysis of deployment risks and protective features and their association to mental health, cognitive functioning and job performance in military personnel. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2024; 37:16-28. [PMID: 37379256 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2023.2228707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meta-analyses of military deployment involve the exploration of focused associations between predictors and peri and post-deployment outcomes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide a large-scale and high-level perspective of deployment-related predictors across eight peri and post-deployment outcomes. DESIGN Articles reporting effect sizes for associations between deployment-related features and indices of peri and post-deployment outcomes were selected. Three-hundred and fourteen studies (N = 2,045,067) and 1,893 relevant effects were retained. Deployment features were categorized into themes, mapped across outcomes, and integrated into a big-data visualization. METHODS Studies of military personnel with deployment experience were included. Extracted studies investigated eight possible outcomes reflecting functioning (e.g., post-traumatic stress, burnout). To allow comparability, effects were transformed into a Fisher's Z. Moderation analyses investigating methodological features were performed. RESULTS The strongest correlates across outcomes were emotional (e.g., guilt/shame: Z = 0.59 to 1.21) and cognitive processes (e.g., negative appraisals: Z = -0.54 to 0.26), adequate sleep on deployment (Z = -0.28 to - 0.61), motivation (Z = -0.33 to - 0.71), and use of various coping strategies/recovery strategies (Z = -0.25 to - 0.59). CONCLUSIONS Findings pointed to interventions that target coping and recovery strategies, and the monitoring of emotional states and cognitive processes post-deployment that may indicate early risk.
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Kemp S, Spence AL, Keller BS, Ducker KJ, Gucciardi DF. Intraindividual variability in sleep among athletes: A systematic review of definitions, operationalizations, and key correlates. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:2413-2422. [PMID: 37485972 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Via systematic review with narrative synthesis of findings, we aimed to document the ways by which researchers have defined, operationalized, and examined sleep variability among athletes. We identified studies in which scholars examined intraperson variability in sleep among athletes via a search of six databases (Web of Science, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, CINHAL Plus, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) using a protocol that included keywords for the target outcome (sleep*), population (athlet* OR sport*), and outcome operationalization (variability OR variation OR "standard deviation" OR fluctuate OR fluctuation OR stability OR instability OR reactivity OR IIV OR intraindividual). We complemented this primary search with citation searching of eligible articles. Assessments of study quality captured eight core elements, namely aims/hypotheses, sample size justification, sample representativeness, number of days sleep assessed, measures of sleep and its correlates, missing data, and inferences and conclusions. From a total of 1209 potentially relevant papers, we identified 16 studies as meeting our eligibility criteria. Concept definitions of variability were notably absent from this work and where available were vague. Quantitative deviations from one's typical level of target sleep metrics reflected the essence by which all but one of the research teams operationalized sleep variability. We assessed the overall quality of empirical work as moderate in nature. We propose a working definition of sleep variability that can inform knowledge generation on the temporal, day-to-day dynamics of sleep functioning that is required for personalized interventions for optimizing sleep health.
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Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Gucciardi DF, McVeigh JA, O'Sullivan TA, Dontje M, Stamatakis E, Eastwood PR, Straker L. Health behaviour profiles in young Australian adults in relation to physical and mental health: The Raine Study. Health Promot J Austr 2023. [PMID: 37968787 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUES ADDRESSED We aimed to identify latent health behaviour profiles of young adults and examine their associations with physical and mental health outcomes. We also characterised the profiles by socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS Data were collected between 2012 and 2014. Participants (N = 476) were young adults (M age [SD] = 22.1 [.57] years) from Generation 2 of the Raine Study longitudinal cohort. Health behaviours were measured via ActiGraph GT3X waist monitors (physical activity, sedentary behaviour) and questionnaires (diet quality, alcohol, smoking and sleep). Physical and mental health were measured using clinical health assessments, blood biomarkers, and questionnaires. Latent Profile Analysis using Mplus (8.2) was employed to identify profiles. RESULTS Four latent profiles were identified: 'heavy drinkers with moderately unhealthy eating habits' (high takeaway foods; n = 135), 'unhealthy food abstainers' (low takeaway foods; n = 138), 'moderately sedentary alcohol abstainers' (n = 139) and 'physically active drinkers with unhealthy eating habits' (high takeaway foods and sugary drinks; n = 64). 'Physically active drinkers with unhealthy eating habits' had the poorest (physical and mental) health outcomes, yet the lowest insulin resistance. 'Unhealthy food abstainers' had the most favourable health outcomes (adiposity, health perceptions, blood pressure). Sex differed among the profiles. CONCLUSIONS The profiles identified among young adults are different to profiles with general adult populations. A novel finding was that 'physically active drinkers with unhealthy eating habits' had low insulin resistance. The findings also suggest that future interventions may need to be sex specific. SO WHAT Our findings suggest that health behaviour interventions for young adults should be targeted to distinct profile characteristics.
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Johnson RW, White BK, Gibson N, Gucciardi DF, Williams SA. A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study of a Gamified Therapy Prescription App for Children with Neurodisability. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2023; 44:586-603. [PMID: 37814984 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2023.2263576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM Determine the feasibility of a gamified therapy (occupational therapy, physiotherapy, speech pathology) prescription app developed for children with neurodisability for delivering school and home therapy programs (the Zingo app). METHOD A mixed-methods feasibility study was conducted with children (and their parents, therapists, and teachers) with neurodisability (n = 8, female= 5) who were prescribed a 4-week individualized therapy program by their usual treating therapist using Zingo. Primary outcome measures were program adherence, engagement, app quality, and user experience, collected with quantitative and qualitative methods. RESULTS Mean adherence to the program was 58.0% (SD 27.2). Our combined Engagement Index (EI) score was 74.4% (SD 11.7). App quality measured using Mobile Application Rating Scale- User version was 4.6/5 (SD 0.7, n = 6) for parents, 4.6/5 (SD 0.5, n = 5) for teachers, and 4.4/5 (SD 0.6, n = 6) for therapists. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews yielded a primary theme of "app as motivator" for therapy. CONCLUSIONS Adherence findings were affected by COVID-19 outbreak however remain comparable with other studies in this cohort. EI findings compared favorably with other studies. The findings are supportive of the feasibility of Zingo for delivering home and school therapy programs for children with neurodisability and was found to motivate therapy program completion.
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Ng W, Beales D, Gucciardi DF, Slater H. Applying the behavioural change wheel to guide the implementation of a biopsychosocial approach to musculoskeletal pain care. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1169178. [PMID: 37228807 PMCID: PMC10204590 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1169178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving high value, biopsychosocial pain care can be complex, involving multiple stakeholders working synergistically to support the implementation of quality care. In order to empower healthcare professionals to assess, identify and analyse biopsychosocial factors contributing to musculoskeletal pain, and describe what changes are needed in the whole-of-system to navigate this complexity, we aimed to: (1) map established barriers and enablers influencing healthcare professionals' adoption of a biopsychosocial approach to musculoskeletal pain against behaviour change frameworks; and (2) identify behaviour change techniques to facilitate and support the adoption and improve pain education. A five-step process informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) was undertaken: (i) from a recently published qualitative evidence synthesis, barriers and enablers were mapped onto the Capability Opportunity Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) using "best fit" framework synthesis; (ii) relevant stakeholder groups involved in the whole-of-health were identified as audiences for potential interventions; (iii) possible intervention functions were considered based on the Affordability, Practicability, Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness, Acceptability, Side-effects/safety, Equity criteria; (iv) a conceptual model was synthesised to understand the behavioural determinants underpinning biopsychosocial pain care; (v) behaviour change techniques (BCTs) to improve adoption were identified. Barriers and enablers mapped onto 5/6 components of the COM-B model and 12/15 domains on the TDF. Multi-stakeholder groups including healthcare professionals, educators, workplace managers, guideline developers and policymakers were identified as target audiences for behavioural interventions, specifically education, training, environmental restructuring, modelling and enablement. A framework was derived with six BCTs identified from the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy (version 1). Adoption of a biopsychosocial approach to musculoskeletal pain involves a complex set of behavioural determinants, relevant across multiple audiences, reflecting the importance of a whole-of-system approach to musculoskeletal health. We proposed a worked example on how to operationalise the framework and apply the BCTs. Evidence-informed strategies are recommended to empower healthcare professionals to assess, identify and analyse biopsychosocial factors, as well as targeted interventions relevant to various stakeholders. These strategies can help to strengthen a whole-of-system adoption of a biopsychosocial approach to pain care.
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Sivaramakrishnan H, Quested E, Cheval B, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Gucciardi DF, Ntoumanis N. Predictors of intentions of adults over 35 years to participate in walking sport programs: A social-ecological mixed-methods approach. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023. [PMID: 37051802 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need to identify acceptable and feasible opportunities to engage adults over 35 years in physical activity. Walking sports may be a potential means to engage adults in sport; however, there is limited evidence regarding appeal and feasibility to support its implementation and delivery. Using a two-step mixed-methods approach, we aimed (1) to quantitively identify significant predictors of intentions of adults over 35 years to participate in walking sports and (2) to understand why and how these identified predictors may be contextually relevant to the target group. In phase one, 282 adults over 35 years (Mage = 46.08, SD = 9.75) without prior experience of walking sports completed an online questionnaire assessing personal, psychosocial, program-related, and environmental predictors, and intentions to participate in walking sports. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions showed that perceived health status, attitudes, subjective norms, and distance of venue were significant predictors of intentions. In phase two, interviews with a subset of 17 participants indicated that, when implementing walking sport programs, program labeling, fear of the unknown, and individual differences in the appeal of walking sport warrant consideration. Together, these findings offer insight into the complex interplay of personal, psychosocial, program-related, and environmental predictors of adults' intentions to participate in walking sports. Addressing these elements of a walking sport program would make such programs more appealing to potential participants, and ultimately, more feasible and sustainable to conduct in the long run.
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Sivaramakrishnan H, Phoenix C, Quested E, Thogersen-Ntoumani C, Gucciardi DF, Cheval B, Ntoumanis N. "More than just a walk in the park": A multi-stakeholder qualitative exploration of community-based walking sport programmes for middle-aged and older adults. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN SPORT, EXERCISE AND HEALTH 2023; 15:772-788. [PMID: 38812823 PMCID: PMC11132549 DOI: 10.1080/2159676x.2023.2197450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
In spite of the large-scale growth of walking sport (WS) programmes globally, limited research has explored the experiences of the key stakeholders involved in such programmes (i.e. decision-makers, facilitators, and players). We aimed to explore stakeholder experiences of community-based WS programmes to better understand the appeal of such sport options for middle-aged and older adults, and propose tentative recommendations for the feasibility and sustainability of these types of programmes. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 stakeholders who were involved with WS programmes in Australia as decision-makers, facilitators, and/or players. Data were analysed with reflexive thematic analysis. Four key themes pertaining to the WS experience were identified - 'a renewed lease of life', 'navigating ageing stereotypes', 'tension between organisational demands and players' needs', and 'WS facilitators as catalysts of success'. Specifically, we found that WS participation enabled a positive ageing discourse for middle-aged and older adults. WS players had to negotiate stereotypes that, at times, were perceived as participation barriers. We also noted some tensions between the demands of sport organisations and the needs of middle-aged and older adults regarding sport participation. Finally, we also noted the importance of the facilitators' role in increasing accessibility of, and long-term participation in, such programmes. We suggest that to offer feasible and sustainable community-based WS programmes across Australia, incompatibilities across various stakeholders' perspectives need to be addressed.
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Riddell H, Sedikides C, Gucciardi DF, Jackson B, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Ntoumanis N. Motives and mental contrasting with implementation intentions predict progress and management of goals in parents. MOTIVATION SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1037/mot0000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Zhang CQ, Li X, Si G, Chung PK, Huang Z, Gucciardi DF. Examining the roles of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion on the effects from mindfulness to athlete burnout: A longitudinal study. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 64:102341. [PMID: 37665822 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Athlete burnout is a maladaptive outcome that is potentially detrimental for performance and wellbeing. Cross-sectional evidence suggests that mindfulness might be associated with athlete burnout via experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion. In the current study, we extend knowledge of these hypothesized mediational pathways using a longitudinal design. METHODS Data was collected at three occasions with a three-month interval. A final sample of 280 elite Chinese athletes aged 15-32 years (Mage = 19.13; SD = 2.92; Female = 130) reported their mindfulness at Time 1, experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion at Time 2, and athlete burnout at Time 3. Structural equation modelling was adopted to examine the mediating roles of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion on the effects from mindfulness to athlete burnout. RESULTS We found statistically meaningful directs effects from mindfulness (Time 1) to experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion (Time 2), which in turn influenced athlete burnout (Time 3). However, the direct effect from mindfulness at Time 1 to athlete burnout at Time 3 was non-significant. The indirect effects of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion on the effects from mindfulness to athlete burnout were significant, providing longitudinal evidence that these two variables contribute meaningfully to the mindfulness-burnout pathway. CONCLUSION With initial evidence for the mediating effects of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion, future studies could consider using experimental designs to examine the potential changing mechanisms of mindfulness on reducing athlete burnout.
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Kho MC, Karin E, Gucciardi DF, Crane MF. Testing a
supervisor‐led
extension of self‐reflection resilience training: A controlled trial randomized by platoon at the Royal Military College. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Brooke LE, Gucciardi DF, Ntoumanis N, Chapman MT, Lines RLJ, Perry Y, Gilbey D, Formby T, Phillips T, Lin A. Enhancing functional recovery for young people recovering from first episode psychosis via sport-based life skills training: outcomes of a feasibility and pilot study. Health Psychol Behav Med 2022; 10:1136-1158. [PMID: 36437870 PMCID: PMC9683043 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2147073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early intervention within First Episode Psychosis (FEP) recovery efforts support functional recovery in several ways, including increasing levels of (1) physical activity (2) life skills, and (3) social connectivity. Sport has been proposed as an ideal platform to target these three goals simultaneously. The primary aims were to assess the feasibility of utilising sport-based life skills within FEP recovery efforts and test intervention components. The secondary aim was to evaluate the potential recovery benefits. Seven young people (aged 15-25 years) with FEP participated in a six-week sport programme alongside their support workers (community and peer workers) from the service, including peer workers with a lived experience of psychosis. The programme consisted of various sporting activities, which were designed to promote physical activity, maximise social connectivity, and teach life-skills (e.g. motivation, emotional regulation, and goal-setting) that are relevant and transferrable to other contexts (e.g. school, employment, independent living). The support participants engaged with the programme at the same level as the young people, with the role of providing support and normalising/modelling engagement. The young and support participants provided feedback during and after the programme via questionnaires and interviews. Young participants self-reported physical activity levels, psychological needs, recovery dimensions, and life skills pre- and post- intervention using established psychometric tools. We used thematic analysis to analyse the qualitative data and compared this information with other data collected (e.g. attendance, feedback, quantitative measurements). The study culminated with a process evaluation. The results indicated that, despite challenges with engagement for young people with FEP, sport-based life skills programming may be a feasible and useful recovery outlet. In addition, the results highlighted specific intervention components that were useful to promote engagement and recovery benefits. This study serves as a critical foundation for future sport-based work within FEP recovery.
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Murdoch EM, Chapman MT, Crane M, Gucciardi DF. The effectiveness of self-distanced versus self-immersed reflections among adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies. Stress Health 2022; 39:255-271. [PMID: 36166459 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Stressor events can be highly emotional and disruptive to our functioning, yet they also present opportunities for learning and growth via self-reflections. Self-distanced reflections in which one reasons about target events in ways that maximise their removal of the current self from the experiential reality are said to facilitate this reflective process. We tested the expectation that self-distanced reflections offer an advantage over self-immersed vistas via a pre-registered systematic review of seven electronic databases (Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL Plus, Embase, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global) to identify experimental tests with adults aged 18-65 years where the focus of the reflection was a stressor or adverse event that participants had already experienced. A three-level, random effects meta-analysis of 25 experiments (N = 2,397, 68 effects) revealed a small-to-moderate advantage of self-distanced reflections (g = 0.19, SE = 0.07, 95% CI [0.05, 0.33]) and were most effective when they targeted a stressor experience that emphasised one's emotional state or lifetime. Nevertheless, our assessment of the overall quality of evidence including risk of bias suggested uncertainty regarding the benefit of this pragmatic self-regulatory tactic and therefore the need for future high-powered, high-quality experiments.
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Riddell H, Crane M, Lang JWB, Chapman MT, Murdoch EM, Gucciardi DF. Stressor reflections, sleep, and psychological well-being: A pre-registered experimental test of self-distanced versus self-immersed reflections. Stress Health 2022. [PMID: 36166756 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Evidence supports the effectiveness of cuing people to analyse negative autobiographical experiences from self-distanced rather than self-immersed perspectives. However, the evidence on which this expectation resides is limited largely to static snapshots of mean levels of cognitive and emotional factors. Via a pre-registered, randomised controlled trial (N = 257), we examined the differential effectiveness of self-distanced relative to self-immersed reflections on mean levels and within-person variability of sleep duration and quality as well as psychological well-being over a 5-day working week. Except for sleep quality, we found that reflecting from a psychologically distanced perspective, overall, was no more effective for mean levels and within-person variability of sleep duration, well-being, and stress-related factors than when the current self is fully immersed in the experiential reality of the event. We consider several substantive and methodological considerations (e.g., dosage, salience of stressor event) that require interrogation in future research via experimental and longitudinal observational methods.
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Riddell H, Sedikides C, Gucciardi DF, Ben J, Thøgersen‐Ntoumani C, Ntoumanis N. Goal motives and mental contrasting with implementation intentions facilitate strategic goal persistence and disengagement. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Johnson RW, White BK, Gucciardi DF, Gibson N, Williams SA. Intervention Mapping of a Gamified Therapy Prescription App for Children With Disabilities: User-Centered Design Approach. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e34588. [PMID: 35943782 PMCID: PMC9399848 DOI: 10.2196/34588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile health (mHealth) apps for children are increasing in availability and scope. Therapy (physiotherapy, speech pathology, and occupational therapy) prescription apps to improve home or school program adherence work best when developed to be highly engaging for children and when they incorporate behavior change techniques (BCTs) within their design. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the development of a user-centered therapy prescription app for children (aged 6-12 years) with neurodevelopmental disabilities (eg, cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability) incorporating intervention mapping (IM) and gamified design. METHODS We used an iterative, user-centered app development model incorporating the first 3 steps of IM. We conducted a needs analysis with user feedback from our previous mHealth app study, a literature review, and a market audit. Change objectives were then specified in alignment with the psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness identified in self-determination theory. From these objectives, we then selected BCTs, stipulating parameters for effectiveness and how each BCT would be operationalized. A gamification design was planned and implemented focusing on maximizing engagement in children. In total, 2 rounds of consultations with parents, teachers, and therapists and 1 round of prototype app testing with children were conducted to inform app development, with a final iteration developed for further testing. RESULTS The IM process resulted in the specification of app elements, self-determination theory-informed BCTs, that were embedded into the app design. The gamification design yielded the selection of a digital pet avatar with a fantasy anime visual theme and multiple layers of incentives earned by completing prescribed therapy activities. Consultation groups with professionals working with children with disabilities (4 therapists and 3 teachers) and parents of children with disabilities (n=3) provided insights into the motivation of children and the pragmatics of implementing app-delivered therapy programs that informed the app development. User testing with children with disabilities (n=4) highlighted their enthusiasm for the app and the need for support in the initial phase of learning the app. App quality testing (Mobile Application Rating Scale-user version) with the children yielded means (out of 5) of 4.5 (SD 0.8) for engagement, 3.3 (SD 1.6) for function, 3.3 (SD 1.7) for aesthetics, and 4.3 (SD 1.1) for subjective quality. CONCLUSIONS mHealth apps designed for children can be greatly enhanced with a systematic yet flexible development process considering the specific contextual needs of the children with user-centered design, addressing the need for behavior change using the IM process, and maximizing engagement with gamification and strong visual design.
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Kwasnicka D, Donnachie C, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Hunt K, Gray CM, Ntoumanis N, McBride H, McDonald MD, Newton RU, Gucciardi DF, Olson JL, Wyke S, Morgan PJ, Kerr DA, Robinson S, Quested E. The Aussie-FIT process evaluation: feasibility and acceptability of a weight loss intervention for men, delivered in Australian Football League settings. Psychol Health 2022; 37:470-489. [PMID: 33719789 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1890730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This process evaluation aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Aussie-FIT, a group-based weight loss intervention for men with overweight and obesity in Australia. DESIGN Process data and data collected from: (1) six-participant focus groups (n= 24), (2) coach interviews (n = 4), (3) audio recordings of Aussie-FIT sessions and (4) post-program participant surveys (n= 93) were analysed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We explored the feasibility and acceptability of program setting and context, recruitment strategies, factors impacting implementation and mechanisms of impact. RESULTS Recruitment via Australian Football League (AFL) clubs was highly effective; 426 men expressed interest within 3 days of advertising, 130 men took part. Program attendance was not consistently recorded by coaches. Coach interviews indicated a 'core group of men' participated in each session (typically 10-12 of 15 men). Program delivery proved feasible in the AFL context. Program acceptability and satisfaction were high. Internalisation of autonomous motives was identified as driving behaviour change. Behaviour change to support maintained weight loss was facilitated through habit formation, goal setting and effective management of multiple goals. CONCLUSION Aussie-FIT sets a blueprint for future weight loss interventions that utilise behaviour change strategies and principles of self-determined motivation to support men to lose weight. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12617000515392. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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Coll F, Cavalheri V, Gucciardi DF, Wulff S, Hill K. Quantifying the Effect of Monitor Wear Time and Monitor Type on the Estimate of Sedentary Time in People with COPD: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071980. [PMID: 35407588 PMCID: PMC8999633 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In studies that have reported device-based measures of sedentary time (ST) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we explored if the monitor type and monitor wear time moderated the estimate of this measure. Five electronic databases were searched in January 2021. Studies were included if >70% of participants had stable COPD, and measures of ST (min/day) were collected using wearable technology. Meta-regression was used to examine the influence of moderators on ST, monitor type, and wear time. The studies identified were a total of 1153, and 36 had usable data for meta-analyses. The overall pooled estimate of ST (mean [95% CI]) was 524 min/day [482 to 566] with moderate heterogeneity among effect sizes (I2 = 42%). Monitor wear time, as well as the interaction of monitor wear time and monitor type, were moderators of ST (p < 0.001). The largest difference (−318 min; 95% CI [−212 to −424]) was seen between studies where participants wore a device without a thigh inclinometer for 24 h (and removed sleep during analysis) (675 min, 95% CI [589 to 752]) and studies where participants wore a device with a thigh inclinometer for 12 h only (356 min; 95% CI [284 to 430]). In people with COPD, the monitor wear time and the interaction of the monitor wear time and the monitor type moderated the estimate of ST.
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Chapman MT, Temby P, Crane M, Ntoumanis N, Quested E, Thøgersen‐Ntoumani C, Parker SK, Ducker KJ, Peeling P, Gucciardi DF. Team resilience emergence: Perspectives and experiences of military personnel selected for elite military training. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Coll F, Cavalheri V, Gucciardi DF, Wulff S, Hill K. In People With COPD, There Is Limited Evidence That Exercise Training Reduces Sedentary Time, and Behavior Change Techniques Are Poorly Reported: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Phys Ther 2021; 101:6178888. [PMID: 33742675 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the authors sought to explore (1) the effect of any intervention on the time spent in sedentary behavior and, (2) which behavior change techniques (BCTs) have shown promise in achieving this lifestyle target. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched on January 7, 2021. Studies were included if they (1) recruited people with stable COPD, (2) applied an intervention ≥4 weeks, and (3) measure sedentary time (ST) before and after the intervention period using wearable technology or via self-reports of television viewing. The primary analyses were restricted to data reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). All BCTs described during the intervention periods were mapped using an established taxonomy. RESULTS Of the 1142 records identified, 8 were RCTs, of which 6 had exercise training as the intervention. Random effects meta-analysis of data from 4 of these 6 trials that implemented exercise training showed no clear effect on ST (mean difference, -3.4 minutes; 95% CI, -27.9-21.0 minutes). Commonly mapped BCTs in the majority of studies included action planning and instruction on how to perform the behavior. Of all the BCTs mapped, 25% were reported with sufficient information to be graded "beyond reasonable doubt." CONCLUSION Despite robust evidence that exercise training improves functional outcomes and reduces dyspnea, this intervention does not seem to translate into behavior change. The primary analysis demonstrated that, in adults with COPD, the effect of exercise training on ST was, at best, uncertain. The BCTs embedded within the interventions were often poorly reported. Future RCTs are required that appropriately report BCT and ST to improve the precision of our estimate of the effect exercise training may have on ST, and BCTs used during intervention periods need to be reported with greater specificity. IMPACT In people with COPD, there is currently limited evidence to suggest that exercise training will reduce sedentary behavior. To move this area of research forward, BCTs embedded within these interventions need to be described with greater precision. LAY SUMMARY In people with COPD, interventions such as exercise training do not seem to produce a reduction in sedentary behavior (ie, time spent sitting or lying down) during daily life. The techniques used to help people change their sedentary behavior were poorly reported, so we do not know what exactly was done and therefore cannot know what may have worked well.
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Lines RLJ, Ducker KJ, Ntoumanis N, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Fletcher D, Gucciardi DF. Stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience-The effects of naturalistic periods of elevated stress: A measurement-burst study. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13846. [PMID: 34124785 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress is an important consideration for understanding why individuals take part in limited or no physical activity. The negative effects of stress on physical activity do not hold for everyone, so examinations of possible resilience resources that might protect individuals from the harmful effects of stress are required. Accordingly, we conducted a measurement-burst study with 53 university students over a 6-month period to examine the dynamics among stress, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and resilience resources. Participants completed three bursts of 6 days, with each burst separated by an 8-week gap. Expectations regarding the moderating effects of resilience resources were unsupported. Daily reports of academic and general stress were positively associated with sedentary behavior and negatively associated with light and moderate intensity physical activity. Hair cortisol concentration significantly moderated the association between academic stress and sedentary behavior, such that in bursts where cortisol was lower the daily positive association between stress and sedentary behavior was weaker. The finding that academic and general stress are dynamically associated with lower levels of light and moderate intensity physical activity and higher levels of sedentary behavior is an important extension to previous research, which has relied mainly on cross-sectional designs and self-report methods. Future research might examine resilience resources that are specific to the outcomes of interest rather than rely on generic resources.
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Waters S, Edmondston S, Gucciardi DF. Validation of a Patient Questionnaire Assessing Patient Satisfaction With Orthopedic Outpatient Clinic Consultation. J Patient Exp 2021; 8:23743735211008305. [PMID: 34179434 PMCID: PMC8205371 DOI: 10.1177/23743735211008305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous qualitative research has identified a number of factors which influence
patient satisfaction with orthopedic outpatient clinic visits. To further
evaluate these factors, the authors initially generated a number of items or
statements representing these factors. This cohort of items was then subjected
to analysis by an expert group to assess which 3 items best represented each
factor. These items formed the basis of a draft survey which was then
administered to 323 orthopedic outpatients to assess these factors as
characteristics of patient satisfaction. Items and factors were also assessed
against 2 global measures of patient satisfaction. One hundred and one survey
responses were returned and subjected to factorial analysis. Results indicated
that factors of trust, empathy, and relatedness were not distinguishable and
subsequently combined to represent a single factor, the therapeutic
relationship. A final 5-factor model is proposed incorporating 3 interpersonal
factors (communication, expectation, therapeutic relationship) and 2
environmental factors (clinic wait time, clinical contact time). The factors
identified by this study should be considered in surveys evaluating patient
satisfaction with orthopedic outpatient services.
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