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Ywaya DO, Ibrahim H, Friedrich HB, Bala MD, Soobramoney L, Daniels A, Singh M. Chemotherapeutic Activities of New η 6- p-Cymene Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II) Complexes with Chelating SS and Tridentate SNS Ligands. Molecules 2024; 29:944. [PMID: 38474456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of new chelating bidentate (SS) alkylimidazole-2-thione-Ru(II)/Os(II) complexes (3ai, 3aii, 3aiii, 3bii/4aiii, 4bi, 4bii), and the tridentate (SNS) pyridine-2,6-diylimidazole-2-thione-Ru(II)/Os(II) complexes (5bi, 5civ/6bi, 6ci, 6civ) in the forms [MII(cym)(L)Cl]PF6 and [MII(cym)(L)]PF6 (M = Ru or Os, cym = η6-p-cymene, and L = heterocyclic derivatives of thiourea) respectively, were successfully synthesized. Spectroscopic and analytical methods were used to characterize the complexes and their ligands. Solid-state single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed a "piano-stool" geometry around the Ru(II) or Os(II) centers in the respective complexes. The complexes were investigated for in vitro chemotherapeutic activities against human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and the non-cancerous cell line (Hek293) using the MTT assay. The compounds 3aii, 5civ, 5bi, 4aiii, 6ci, 6civ, and the reference drug, 5-fluorouracil were found to be selective toward the tumor cells; the compounds 3ai, 3aiii, 3bii, 4bi, 4bii, and 6bi, which were found not to be selective between normal and tumor cell lines. The IC50 value of the tridentate half-sandwich complex 5bi (86 ± 9 μM) showed comparable anti-proliferative activity with the referenced commercial anti-cancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (87 ± 15 μM). The pincer (SNS) osmium complexes 6ci (36 ± 10 μM) and 6civ (40 ± 4 μM) were twice as effective as the reference drug 5-fluorouracil at the respective dose concentrations. However, the analogous pincer (SNS) ruthenium complex 5civ was ineffective and did not show anti-proliferative activity, even at a higher concentration of 147 ± 1 μM. These findings imply that the higher stability of the chelating (SS) and the pincer (SNS) ligand architectures in the complexes improves the biological (anti-proliferative) activity of the complexes by reducing the chance of ligand dissociation under physiological conditions. In general, the pincer (SNS) osmium complexes were found to be more cytotoxic than their ruthenium analogues, suggesting that the anti-proliferative activity of the imidazole-2-thione-Ru/Os complexes depends on the ligand's spatial coordination, the nature of the metal center, and the charge of the metal complex ions.
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Damoyi NE, Friedrich HB, Kruger GH, Willock DJ. A DFT study of the catalytic ODH of n-hexane over a cluster model of vanadium oxide. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Anyanwu VO, Friedrich HB, Mahomed AS, Singh S, Moyo T. Phase Transition of High-Surface-Area Glycol-Thermal Synthesized Lanthanum Manganite. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1274. [PMID: 36770280 PMCID: PMC9920577 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cubic and rhombohedral phases of lanthanum manganite were synthesized in a high-pressure reactor. A mixture of La and Mn nitrates with ethylene glycol at a synthesis temperature of 200 °C and a calcination temperature of up to 1000 °C, resulted in a single-phase perovskite, LaMnO3 validated using X-ray diffraction. Significant changes in unit cell volumes from 58 to 353 Å3 were observed associated with structural transformation from the cubic to the rhombohedral phase. This was confirmed using structure calculations and resistivity measurements. Transmission electron microscopy analyses showed small particle sizes of approximately 19, 39, 45, and 90 nm (depending on calcination temperature), no agglomeration, and good crystallinity. The particle characteristics, high purity, and high surface area (up to 33.1 m2/g) of the material owed to the inherent PAAR reactor pressure, are suitable for important technological applications, that include the synthesis of perovskite oxides. Characteristics of the synthesized LaMnO3 at different calcination temperatures are compared, and first-principles calculations suggest a geometric optimization of the cubic and rhombohedral perovskite structures.
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Ntola P, Friedrich HB, Singh S, Olivier EJ, Farahani M, Mahomed AS. Effect of the fuel on the surface VOx concentration, speciation and physico-chemical characteristics of solution combustion synthesised VOx/MgO catalysts for n-octane activation. CATAL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2022.106571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Farahani MD, Moodley C, Mahomed AS, Friedrich HB. Morphology, oxygen vacancies and other factors affecting the performance of supported bimetallic ceria catalysts. iScience 2022; 25:105560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Gichumbi JM, Zamisa SJ, Friedrich HB. Crystal structure of chlorido-( η
6-toluene)(5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine-κ 2
N, N′)ruthenium(II) hexafluoridophosphate(V) ─ acetone (1/1) C 22H 26ClN 2ORuPF 6. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C22H26ClN2ORuPF6, triclinic, P
1
‾
$\overline{1}$
(no. 2), a = 10.2106(4) Å, b = 10.8139(4) Å, c = 11.1963(4) Å, α = 93.765(2)°, β = 90.418(1)°, γ = 94.324(2)°, V = 1229.98(8) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0251, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.0683, T = 100 K.
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Ibrahim H, Bala MD, Friedrich HB. Poly-functional imino-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: Synthesis, complexation, and catalytic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Naicker L, Schörner M, Kremitzl D, Friedrich HB, Haumann M, Wasserscheid P. Influencing the Product Distribution in Citral Hydrogenation Using Ionic Liquid Modified Cu Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gichumbi JM, Zamisa SJ, Friedrich HB. Crystal structure of chlorido-( η
6-toluene)(2,2′-bipyridine-κ 2
N, N′)ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate, C 17H 16ClN 2RuPF 6. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C17H16ClN2RuPF6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.4426(9) Å, b = 8.3311(5) Å, c = 16.413(1) Å, β = 109.2690°, V = 1864.2(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0309, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.0697, T = 173 K.
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Naicker D, Alapour S, Zamisa SJ, Friedrich HB. New Ru PNP complexes as in situ Ru-oxo precursors in styrene and octane oxidation. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2110867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Chanerika R, Shozi ML, Prato M, Friedrich HB. The effect of organic modifiers on Ag/Al2O3 catalysts for the sequential hydrogenation of 1-octyne vs 1-octene. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ywaya DO, Friedrich HB, Bala MD, Soobramoney L, Ibrahim H. Crystal structure of 3,3′-(pyridine-2,6-diylbis(methylene))bis(1-propyl-1 H-imidazol-3-ium) ditetrafluoroborate, C 19H 27B 2F 8N 5. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C19H27N5, orthorhombic Pbca (no. 61), a = 9.8515(12) Å, b = 16.508(2) Å, c = 29.817(3) Å, β = 90°, V = 4849.3(10) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0409, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1082.
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Chanerika R, Shozi ML, Friedrich HB. Synthesis and Characterization of Ag/Al 2O 3 Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of 1-Octyne and the Preferential Hydrogenation of 1-Octyne vs 1-Octene. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:4026-4040. [PMID: 35155897 PMCID: PMC8829924 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts featuring 2, 5, and 10 wt % silver supported on alumina were prepared by the deposition precipitation method and activated under hydrogen. All catalysts were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy (BSE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), hydrogen-temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), H2-chemisorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and isopropylamine (IPA) TPD and evaluated in a continuous plug flow fixed-bed reactor. Metal nanoparticles with average sizes of 4.5, 11.5, and 21.1 nm were identified by HR-TEM for the 2, 5, and 10 wt % Ag/Al2O3 catalysts, respectively. A conversion of 99% was observed for 1-octyne over particles between 10 and 15 nm in size, with stable operation up to 24 h (decreasing thereafter) at a temperature of 140 °C and a pressure of 30 bar in the competitive hydrogenation reaction. No conversion of 1-octene was noted in competitive reactions (mixed 1-octyne and 1-octene feed) but rather a gain of 1-octene throughout the 72 h time-on-stream. The performance of all catalysts was influenced by both the metal and support, where the latter impacted the overall acidity of the catalysts, thus affecting their long-term stability.
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Shozi ML, Zulu X, Friedrich HB. Synthesis and characterization of amine-functionalized supported phosphine catalysts and their application in ethylene oligomerization. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.17159/0379-4350/2022/v76a02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A series of phosphorus and nitrogen-based ethylene oligomerization ligands of the type Ph2PN(X)PPh2 where X = i-propyl, n-butyl, ethylbenzene and cyclohexyl substituents are reported. These ligands were functionalized to enable tethering on amino-silica. The free ligands, amino-silica and the tethered ligands were characterized by BET, XRD, IR, TGA and NMR. The catalysts were tested for ethylene oligomerization using Cr(acac)3 (acac = acetylacetonate) as the precursor and MMAO (modified methylaluminoxane) as the activator. The activity and selectivity of these catalysts to 1-octene was monitored at 45 bar ethylene in the temperature range of45-100 °C. The activity of the supported catalysts was comparable to their homogeneous counterparts, surpassing them in some cases and selectivities to 1-octene in the C8 products were as high as 99 wt%. The steric effect of the substituent on the ligand as well as that of the support was found to influence the activity and product distribution. Keywords: 1-hexene, 1-octene, ethylene oligomerization, phosphine ligands, silica, supported catalysts
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Ibrahim H, Zamisa SJ, Bala MD, Friedrich HB. A new polymorph of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole (C13H9N3O2). Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C13H9N3O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 3.7375(1) Å, b = 27.9680(6) Å, c = 10.2595(2) Å, β = 95.5120(10)°, V = 1067.47(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0370, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.0975, T = 100 K.
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Soobramoney L, Bala MD, Friedrich HB. Flexible pincer backbone revisited: CuSNS complexes as efficient catalysts in paraffin oxidation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Naicker L, Valand J, Govender A, Xaba BM, Friedrich HB. Impact of the impregnation sequence on the surface characteristics on Cu-Ag supported on γ-Alumina towards the liquid phase competitive hydrogenation of octanal in the presence of octene. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Singh NK, Soobramoney L, Shozi ML, Friedrich HB, Zamisa SJ. Crystal structure of bis{(2-pyridinyl)-1-phenyl-1-isopropylmethanolato-κ 2
N,O}nickel, C 30H 32N 2NiO 2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C30H32N2NiO2, monoclinic,
P
2
1
/
c
$P{2}_{1}/c$
(no. 14), a = 12.1250(4) Å, b = 13.6413(4) Å, c = 8.1152(3) Å, β = 108.348(2)°, V = 1274.02(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0285, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.0711, T = 100 K.
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Buthelezi S, Ibrahim H, Bala MD, Friedrich HB. Crystal structure of 4- tert-butyl-2- N-(2-pyridylmethyl)aminophenol, C 16H 20N 2O. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C16H20N2O, monoclinic,
P
2
1
/
c
$P{2}_{1}/c$
(no. 14), a = 9.7933(2) Å, b = 17.5290(3) Å, c = 17.1148(3) Å, β = 101.242(1)°, V = 2881.67(9) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0402, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1106, T = 150(2) K.
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Ndlela SS, Friedrich HB, Cele MN. Faujasite silicalites for oxidative dehydrogenation of n-octane: Influence of alkali metals, gallium, and boron on catalyst activity. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Farahani MD, Fadlalla MI, Ezekiel IP, Osman NSE, Moyo T, Claeys M, Friedrich HB. Nb 2O 5 as a radical modulator during oxidative dehydrogenation and as a Lewis acid promoter in CO 2 assisted dehydrogenation of octane over confined 2D engineered NiO–Nb 2O 5–Al 2O 3. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00550b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ordered mesoporous 2D NiO–Nb2O5–Al2O3 nano-composites were used for CO2 assisted dehydrogenation of n-octane; and the close proximity of Ni and Nb2O5 in the optimised catalyst promoted CO2 dissociation and substantially prolonged alkane activation.
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Catalysts C, Shozi ML, Zulu X, Friedrich HB. Ethylene Trimerization over Supported SNS and PNP. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.17159/0379-4350/2021/v75a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Chromium(III) complexes with sulphur, nitrogen and phosphorus tridentate ligands were synthesized and characterized. These complexes were supported on SiO2 and characterized by BET surface area measurements, XRF, SEM-EDX and FTIR. The complexes were tested for activity and selectivity in the trimerization of ethylene. The substituent's effect and influence on the sulphur on the supported catalysts were studied using the ethyl and the decyl substituted catalysts. The influence of temperature on catalytic performance was evaluated using the PPP supported system. The most active supported catalyst, the decyl substituted SNS catalyst, showed good activity of up to 19 500 g/g Cr h-1 and selectivity of 97.3 % to C6 products (98.2 % 1-hexene). This activity and selectivity were comparable to the homogeneous counterpart's performance that achieved 22 000 g/g Cr h-1 and 98.2 % C6 products (96.7 % 1-hexene), which surpassed the ethyl substituted catalyst, which was not supported, under the same reaction conditions. The supported PPP catalyst activities showed it was sensitive to higher temperatures, but this depends on the supporting technique. Keywords: Ethylene trimerization, sulfanyl ligands, phosphine ligands, supported catalysts.
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Naicker D, Alapour S, Friedrich HB. The effects of metals and ligands on the oxidation of n-octane using iridium and rhodium “PNP” aminodiphosphine complexes. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820967245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ir and Rh “PNP” complexes with different ligands are utilized for the oxidation of n-octane. Based on the obtained conversion, selectivity, and the characterized recovered catalysts, it is found that the combination of Ir and the studied ligands does not promote the redox mechanism that is known to result in selective formation of oxo and peroxo compounds [desired species for C(1) activation]. Instead, they support a deeper oxidation mechanism, and thus higher selectivity for ketones and acids is obtained. In contrast, these ligands seem to tune the electron density around the Rh (in the Rh-PNP complexes), and thus result in a higher n-octane conversion and improved selectivity for the C(1) activated products, with minimized deeper oxidation, in comparison to Ir-PNP catalysts.
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Farahani MD, Wolf M, P.O. Mkhwanazi T, Claeys M, Friedrich HB. Operando experimental evidence on the central role of oxygen vacancies during methane combustion. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Marimuthu T, Alapour S, Friedrich HB. Microwave-assisted oxidation reaction of primary alcohols with sensitive functional groups to aldehydes using ruthenium diphosphorus complexes. ARKIVOC 2020. [DOI: 10.24820/ark.5550190.p011.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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