1
|
Camero S, Milazzo L, Vulcano F, Pedini F, Pontecorvi P, Gerini G, Ceccarelli S, Anastasiadou E, Pomella S, Cassandri M, Porrazzo A, Rota R, Marchese C, Midulla F, Marampon F, Megiorni F. 105P SFX-01 in the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma: Preclinical results in cellular models. ESMO Open 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
|
2
|
Villar I, Larrainzar E, Milazzo L, Pérez-Rontomé C, Rubio MC, Smulevich G, Martínez JI, Wilson MT, Reeder B, Huertas R, Abbruzzetti S, Udvardi M, Becana M. Corrigendum: A Plant Gene Encoding One-Heme and Two-Heme Hemoglobins With Extreme Reactivities Toward Diatomic Gases and Nitrite. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:637797. [PMID: 33569073 PMCID: PMC7868562 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.637797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.600336.].
Collapse
|
3
|
Milazzo L, Exertier C, Becucci M, Freda I, Montemiglio LC, Savino C, Vallone B, Smulevich G. Lack of orientation selectivity of the heme insertion in murine neuroglobin revealed by resonance Raman spectroscopy. FEBS J 2020; 287:4082-4097. [PMID: 32034988 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Different murine neuroglobin variants showing structural and dynamic alterations that are associated with perturbation of ligand binding have been studied: the CD loop mutants characterized by an enhanced flexibility (Gly-loop40-48 and Gly-loop44-47 ), the F106A mutant, and the double Gly-loop44-47 /F106A mutant. Their ferric resonance Raman spectra in solution and in crystals are almost identical. In the high-frequency region, the identification of a double set of core size marker bands indicates the presence of two 6-coordinate low spin species. The resonance Raman data, together with the corresponding crystal structures, indicate the presence of two neuroglobin conformers with a reversed (A conformer) or a canonical (B conformer) heme insertion orientation. With the identification of the marker bands corresponding to each conformer, the data indicate that the B conformer increases at the expense of the A form, predominantly in the Gly-loop44-47 /F106A double mutant, as confirmed by X-ray crystallography. This is the first time that a reversed heme insertion has been identified by resonance Raman in a native 6-coordinate low-spin heme protein. This diagnostic tool could be extended to other heme proteins in order to detect heme orientational disorder, which are likely to be correlated to functionally relevant heme dynamics. DATABASE: Crystallographic structure: structural data are deposited in the Protein Data Bank under the 6RA6 PDB entry.
Collapse
|
4
|
Villar I, Larrainzar E, Milazzo L, Pérez-Rontomé C, Rubio MC, Smulevich G, Martínez JI, Wilson MT, Reeder B, Huertas R, Abbruzzetti S, Udvardi M, Becana M. A Plant Gene Encoding One-Heme and Two-Heme Hemoglobins With Extreme Reactivities Toward Diatomic Gases and Nitrite. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:600336. [PMID: 33329665 PMCID: PMC7710986 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.600336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In plants, symbiotic hemoglobins act as carriers and buffers of O2 in nodules, whereas nonsymbiotic hemoglobins or phytoglobins (Glbs) are ubiquitous in tissues and may perform multiple, but still poorly defined, functions related to O2 and/or nitric oxide (NO). Here, we have identified a Glb gene of the model legume Medicago truncatula with unique properties. The gene, designated MtGlb1-2, generates four alternative splice forms encoding Glbs with one or two heme domains and 215-351 amino acid residues. This is more than double the size of any hemoglobin from plants or other organisms described so far. A combination of molecular, cellular, biochemical, and biophysical methods was used to characterize these novel proteins. RNA-sequencing showed that the four splice variants are expressed in plant tissues. MtGlb1-2 is transcriptionally activated by hypoxia and its expression is further enhanced by an NO source. The gene is preferentially expressed in the meristems and vascular bundles of roots and nodules. Two of the proteins, bearing one or two hemes, were characterized using mutants in the distal histidines of the hemes. The Glbs are extremely reactive toward the physiological ligands O2, NO, and nitrite. They show very high O2 affinities, NO dioxygenase activity (in the presence of O2), and nitrite reductase (NiR) activity (in the absence of O2) compared with the hemoglobins from vertebrates and other plants. We propose that these Glbs act as either NO scavengers or NO producers depending on the O2 tension in the plant tissue, being involved in the fast and fine tuning of NO concentration in the cytosol in response to sudden changes in O2 availability.
Collapse
|
5
|
Howes BD, Milazzo L, Droghetti E, Nocentini M, Smulevich G. Addition of sodium ascorbate to extend the shelf-life of tuna meat fish: A risk or a benefit for consumers? J Inorg Biochem 2019; 200:110813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Milazzo L, Gabler T, Pühringer D, Jandova Z, Maresch D, Michlits H, Pfanzagl V, Djinović-Carugo K, Oostenbrink C, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C, Smulevich G, Hofbauer S. Redox Cofactor Rotates during Its Stepwise Decarboxylation: Molecular Mechanism of Conversion of Coproheme to Heme b. ACS Catal 2019; 9:6766-6782. [PMID: 31423350 PMCID: PMC6691569 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Coproheme
decarboxylase (ChdC) catalyzes the last step in the heme
biosynthesis pathway of monoderm bacteria with coproheme acting both
as redox cofactor and substrate. Hydrogen peroxide mediates the stepwise
decarboxylation of propionates 2 and 4 of coproheme. Here we present
the crystal structures of coproheme-loaded ChdC from Listeria monocytogenes (LmChdC) and the three-propionate
intermediate, for which the propionate at position 2 (p2) has been
converted to a vinyl group and is rotated by 90° compared to
the coproheme complex structure. Single, double, and triple mutants
of LmChdC, in which H-bonding interactions to propionates 2, 4, 6,
and 7 were eliminated, allowed us to obtain the assignment of the
coproheme propionates by resonance Raman spectroscopy and to follow
the H2O2-mediated conversion of coproheme to
heme b. Substitution of H2O2 by chlorite allowed us to monitor compound I formation in the inactive
Y147H variant which lacks the catalytically essential Y147. This residue
was demonstrated to be oxidized during turnover by using the spin-trap
2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane. Based on these findings and the data derived
from molecular dynamics simulations of cofactor structures in distinct
poses, we propose a reaction mechanism for the stepwise decarboxylation
of coproheme that includes a 90° rotation of the intermediate
three-propionate redox cofactor.
Collapse
|
7
|
Berrino E, Milazzo L, Micheli L, Vullo D, Angeli A, Bozdag M, Nocentini A, Menicatti M, Bartolucci G, di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Supuran CT, Carta F. Synthesis and Evaluation of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors with Carbon Monoxide Releasing Properties for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7233-7249. [PMID: 31287314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gas endogenously produced in humans, reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects at low concentration. In this context, CO releasing molecules (CORMs) are attracting enormous interest. Herein, we report a series of small-molecule hybrids consisting of a carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitor linked to a CORM tail section (CAI-CORMs). All compounds were screened in vitro for their inhibition activity against the human (h) CA I, II, IV, IX, and XII isoforms. On selected CAI-CORM hybrids, the CO releasing properties were evaluated, along with their pain-relieving effect, in a model of rheumatoid arthritis. One CAI-CORM hybrid (5b) induced a higher pain-relieving effect compared to the one exerted by the single administration of CAI (5a) and CORM (15b) fragments, shedding light on the possibility to enhance the pain relief effect of CA inhibitors inserting a CO releasing moiety on the same molecular scaffold.
Collapse
|
8
|
Milazzo L, Gabler T, Pfanzagl V, Michlits H, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C, Hofbauer S, Smulevich G. The hydrogen bonding network of coproheme in coproheme decarboxylase from Listeria monocytogenes: Effect on structure and catalysis. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 195:61-70. [PMID: 30925402 PMCID: PMC6517287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coproheme decarboxylase (ChdC) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of coproheme to heme b, i.e. the last step in the recently described coproporphyrin-dependent pathway. Coproheme decarboxylation from Listeria monocytogenes is a robust enzymatic reaction of low catalytic efficiency. Coproheme acts as both substrate and redox cofactor activated by H2O2. It fully depends on the catalytic Y147 close to the propionyl group at position 2. In the present study we have investigated the effect of disruption of the comprehensive and conserved hydrogen bonding network between the four propionates and heme cavity residues on (i) the conformational stability of the heme cavity, (ii) the electronic configuration of the ferric redox cofactor/substrate, (iii) the binding of carbon monoxide and, (iv) the decarboxylation reaction mediated by addition of H2O2. Nine single, double and triple mutants of ChdC from Listeria monocytogenes were produced in E. coli. The respective coproheme- and heme b-complexed proteins were studied by UV–Vis, resonance Raman, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Interactions of propionates 2 and 4 with residues in the hydrophobic cavity are crucial for maintenance of the heme cavity architecture, for the mobile distal glutamine to interact with carbon monoxide, and to keep the heme cavity in a closed conformation during turnover. By contrast, the impact of substitution of residues interacting with solvent exposed propionates 6 and 7 was negligible. Except for Y147A and K151A all mutant ChdCs exhibited a wild-type-like catalytic activity. The findings are discussed with respect to the structure-function relationships of ChdCs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cannizzo ES, Tincati C, Binda F, Ronzi P, Cazzaniga FA, Antinori S, d'Arminio Monforte A, Marchetti G, Milazzo L. Unconventional T cells in chronic hepatitis B patients on long-term suppressive therapy with tenofovir followed by a Peg-IFN add-on strategy: A randomized study. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:381-390. [PMID: 29091327 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HBV eradication in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) subjects is rarely achieved with either nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) or pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN), which both have a limited effect in restoring immune responses. Thirty CHB subjects on long-term treatment with tenofovir (TDF) and HBV suppression were enrolled and randomized 1:2 to either receive Peg-IFN-α-2a add-on therapy or continue TDF alone. We studied γδ T and iNKT frequency and function (by flow cytometry) at baseline, at 12 weeks and 12 weeks after the end of treatment. A higher reduction in qHBsAg occurred in the add-on group compared with the NA group at W12 (P = .016) and at W24 (P = .012). A decline of qHBsAg ≥0.5 log10 at week 24 occurred in 4 of 10 patients in the add-on arm and 1 of 20 in the NA arm, respectively (P = .03). HBsAg loss was seen in 20% of subjects in the add-on group and in none of the NA group. Compared to HBV negative, CHB on TDF showed lower frequency of iNKT (P = .03) and γδ T cells (P = .03) as well as fewer γδ T cells expressing Vδ2 T-cell receptors (P = .005). No changes in unconventional T-cell frequency and function were shown in both add-on and NA patients nor were differences detected between the two treatment groups. We report persistent impairment of unconventional T cells in CHB. Despite a greater qHBsAg decline of add-on patients, our data failed to detect any effect of Peg-IFN treatment on unconventional T cells.
Collapse
|
10
|
Feis A, Howes BD, Milazzo L, Coppola D, Smulevich G. Structural determinants of ligand binding in truncated hemoglobins: Resonance Raman spectroscopy of the native states and their carbon monoxide and hydroxide complexes. Biopolymers 2018; 109:e23114. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.23114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
11
|
Milazzo L, Hofbauer S, Howes BD, Gabler T, Furtmüller PG, Obinger C, Smulevich G. Insights into the Active Site of Coproheme Decarboxylase from Listeria monocytogenes. Biochemistry 2018. [PMID: 29536725 PMCID: PMC5940323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coproheme decarboxylases (ChdC) catalyze the hydrogen peroxide-mediated conversion of coproheme to heme b. This work compares the structure and function of wild-type (WT) coproheme decarboxylase from Listeria monocytogenes and its M149A, Q187A, and M149A/Q187A mutants. The UV-vis, resonance Raman, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies clearly show that the ferric form of the WT protein is a pentacoordinate quantum mechanically mixed-spin state, which is very unusual in biological systems. Exchange of the Met149 residue to Ala dramatically alters the heme coordination, which becomes a 6-coordinate low spin species with the amide nitrogen atom of the Q187 residue bound to the heme iron. The interaction between M149 and propionyl 2 is found to play an important role in keeping the Q187 residue correctly positioned for closure of the distal cavity. This is confirmed by the observation that in the M149A variant two CO conformers are present corresponding to open (A0) and closed (A1) conformations. The CO of the latter species, the only conformer observed in the WT protein, is H-bonded to Q187. In the absence of the Q187 residue or in the adducts of all the heme b forms of ChdC investigated herein (containing vinyls in positions 2 and 4), only the A0 conformer has been found. Moreover, M149 is shown to be involved in the formation of a covalent bond with a vinyl substituent of heme b at excess of hydrogen peroxide.
Collapse
|
12
|
Russo R, Giordano D, Paredi G, Marchesani F, Milazzo L, Altomonte G, Del Canale P, Abbruzzetti S, Ascenzi P, di Prisco G, Viappiani C, Fago A, Bruno S, Smulevich G, Verde C. The Greenland shark Somniosus microcephalus-Hemoglobins and ligand-binding properties. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186181. [PMID: 29023598 PMCID: PMC5638460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A large amount of data is currently available on the adaptive mechanisms of polar bony fish hemoglobins, but structural information on those of cartilaginous species is scarce. This study presents the first characterisation of the hemoglobin system of one of the longest-living vertebrate species (392 ± 120 years), the Arctic shark Somniosus microcephalus. Three major hemoglobins are found in its red blood cells and are made of two copies of the same α globin combined with two copies of three very similar β subunits. The three hemoglobins show very similar oxygenation and carbonylation properties, which are unaffected by urea, a very important compound in marine elasmobranch physiology. They display identical electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectra, indicating that their heme-pocket structures are identical or highly similar. The quaternary transition equilibrium between the relaxed (R) and the tense (T) states is more dependent on physiological allosteric effectors than in human hemoglobin, as also demonstrated in polar teleost hemoglobins. Similar to other cartilaginous fishes, we found no evidence for functional differentiation among the three isoforms. The very similar ligand-binding properties suggest that regulatory control of O2 transport may be at the cellular level and that it may involve changes in the cellular concentrations of allosteric effectors and/or variations of other systemic factors. The hemoglobins of this polar shark have evolved adaptive decreases in O2 affinity in comparison to temperate sharks.
Collapse
|
13
|
Milazzo L, Tognaccini L, Howes BD, Sinibaldi F, Piro MC, Fittipaldi M, Baratto MC, Pogni R, Santucci R, Smulevich G. Unravelling the Non-Native Low-Spin State of the Cytochrome c–Cardiolipin Complex: Evidence of the Formation of a His-Ligated Species Only. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1887-1898. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Hofbauer S, Mlynek G, Milazzo L, Pühringer D, Maresch D, Schaffner I, Furtmüller PG, Smulevich G, Djinović-Carugo K, Obinger C. Hydrogen peroxide-mediated conversion of coproheme to heme b by HemQ-lessons from the first crystal structure and kinetic studies. FEBS J 2016; 283:4386-4401. [PMID: 27758026 PMCID: PMC5157759 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heme biosynthesis in Gram-positive bacteria follows a recently described coproporphyrin-dependent pathway with HemQ catalyzing the decarboxylation of coproheme to heme b. Here we present the first crystal structure of a HemQ (homopentameric coproheme-HemQ from Listeria monocytogenes) at 1.69 Å resolution and the conversion of coproheme to heme b followed by UV-vis and resonance Raman spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. The ferric five-coordinated coproheme iron of HemQ is weakly bound by a neutral proximal histidine H174. In the crystal structure of the resting state, the distal Q187 (conserved in Firmicutes HemQ) is H-bonded with propionate p2 and the hydrophobic distal cavity lacks solvent water molecules. Two H2 O2 molecules are shown to be necessary for decarboxylation of the propionates p2 and p4, thereby forming the corresponding vinyl groups of heme b. The overall reaction is relatively slow (kcat /KM = 1.8 × 102 m-1 ·s-1 at pH 7.0) and occurs in a stepwise manner with a three-propionate intermediate. We present the noncovalent interactions between coproheme and the protein and propose a two-step reaction mechanism. Furthermore, the structure of coproheme-HemQ is compared to that of the phylogenetically related heme b-containing chlorite dismutases. DATABASE Structural data are available in the PDB under the accession number 5LOQ.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sinibaldi F, Milazzo L, Howes BD, Piro MC, Fiorucci L, Polticelli F, Ascenzi P, Coletta M, Smulevich G, Santucci R. The key role played by charge in the interaction of cytochrome c with cardiolipin. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 22:19-29. [PMID: 27826772 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c undergoes structural variations upon binding of cardiolipin, one of the phospholipids constituting the mitochondrial membrane. Although several mechanisms governing cytochrome c/cardiolipin (cyt c/CL) recognition have been proposed, the interpretation of the process remains, at least in part, unknown. To better define the steps characterizing the cyt c-CL interaction, the role of Lys72 and Lys73, two residues thought to be important in the protein/lipid binding interaction, were recently investigated by mutagenesis. The substitution of the two (positively charged) Lys residues with Asn revealed that such mutations cancel the CL-dependent peroxidase activity of cyt c; furthermore, CL does not interact with the Lys72Asn mutant. In the present paper, we extend our study to the Lys → Arg mutants to investigate the influence exerted by the charge possessed by the residues located at positions 72 and 73 on the cyt c/CL interaction. On the basis of the present work a number of overall conclusions can be drawn: (i) position 72 must be occupied by a positively charged residue to assure cyt c/CL recognition; (ii) the Arg residues located at positions 72 and 73 permit cyt c to react with CL; (iii) the replacement of Lys72 with Arg weakens the second (low-affinity) binding transition; (iv) the Lys73Arg mutation strongly increases the peroxidase activity of the CL-bound protein.
Collapse
|
16
|
Milazzo L, Lai A, Calvi E, Ronzi P, Micheli V, Binda F, Ridolfo AL, Gervasoni C, Galli M, Antinori S, Sollima S. Direct-acting antivirals in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected and HCV/HIV-coinfected patients: real-life safety and efficacy. HIV Med 2016; 18:284-291. [DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
17
|
Antinori S, Grande R, Bianco R, Traversi L, Cogliati C, Torzillo D, Repetto E, Corbellino M, Milazzo L, Galli M, Galimberti L. High Frequency of Adverse Reactions and Discontinuation With Benznidazole Treatment for Chronic Chagas Disease in Milan, Italy. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 60:1873-5. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
18
|
Antinori S, Milazzo L, Corbellino M. Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Mycoses in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59:1652-3. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
19
|
Milazzo L, Bown JL, Eberst A, Phillips G, Crawford JW. Modelling of healthcare-associated infections: a study on the dynamics of pathogen transmission by using an individual-based approach. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 104:260-265. [PMID: 21377229 PMCID: PMC7114833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Prevention and control of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) has become a high priority for most healthcare organizations. Mathematical models can provide insights into the dynamics of nosocomial infections and help to evaluate the effect of infection control measures. The model presented in this paper adopts an individual-based and stochastic approach to investigate MRSA outbreaks in a hospital ward. A computer simulation was implemented to analyze the dynamics of the system associated with the spread of the infection and to carry out studies on space and personnel management. This study suggests that a strict spatial cohorting might be ineffective, if it is not combined with personnel cohorting.
Collapse
|
20
|
Milazzo L, Corbellino M, Foschi A, Micheli V, Dodero A, Mazzocchi A, Montefusco V, Zehender G, Antinori S. Late onset of hepatitis B virus reactivation following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: successful treatment with combined entecavir plus tenofovir therapy. Transpl Infect Dis 2011; 14:95-8. [PMID: 21749588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2011.00659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prophylaxis with lamivudine (LAM) is recommended for hepatitis B core antibody-positive allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, but the optimal timing for the institution and duration of the prophylaxis is still unknown. Furthermore, considering the high rate of mortality associated with hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBV-R), the most potent and long-term effective antiviral regimen should be considered. We report here a case of late onset of HBV-R after a long-term prophylaxis with LAM in a patient who underwent HSCT for non-Hodgkin lymphoma and who was successfully treated with a combination antiviral regimen including entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sitia S, Tomasoni L, Atzeni F, Ambrosio G, Cordiano C, Catapano A, Tramontana S, Perticone F, Naccarato P, Camici P, Picano E, Cortigiani L, Bevilacqua M, Milazzo L, Cusi D, Barlassina C, Sarzi-Puttini P, Turiel M. From endothelial dysfunction to atherosclerosis. Autoimmun Rev 2010; 9:830-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
22
|
Cesari M, Caramma I, Antinori S, Adorni F, Galli M, Milazzo L. Impact of hyperglycaemia and cholesterol levels on the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. HIV Med 2010; 10:580-5. [PMID: 19785667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels have been demonstrated to increase the probability of a sustained viral response (SVR) in chronic hepatitis C. Conversely, insulin resistance reduces SVR rates. We investigated the influence of baseline glucose and lipid values on the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in HIV-1 infected subjects. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the charts of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients treated with an interferon-based regimen from 2002 to 2008. Fasting glucose levels and total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels were recorded prior to the initiation of treatment. RESULTS Of the 96 patients enrolled in the study, 36 (37.5%) had genotype 1, 48 (50%) genotype 2 or 3 and 12 (12.5%) genotype 4. SVR was obtained in 25% (nine of 36) and 70% (42 of 60) of patients with genotype 1 and other genotypes, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of SVR were: genotype other than genotype 1 [adjusted odds ratio 9.64, confidence interval (CI) 2.7-34.3; P<0.0001], HCV viraemia [adjusted odds ratio 0.36, CI 0.15-0.9; P=0.028], fasting glucose > or =100 mg/dL [adjusted odds ratio 0.13, CI 0.034-0.51; P=0.003], and cholesterol level > or =190 mg/dL [adjusted odds ratio 5.96, CI 1.6-22.3; P=0.008]. CONCLUSIONS Higher baseline serum glucose and cholesterol levels may be significant prognostic indicators for anti-HCV treatment outcome in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Milazzo L, Meroni L, Galazzi M, Cesari M, Caramma I, Marchetti G, Galli M, Antinori S. Does fluvastatin favour HCV replication in vivo? A pilot study on HIV-HCV coinfected patients. J Viral Hepat 2009; 16:479-84. [PMID: 19215577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fluvastatin showed anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity in vitro, through the inhibition of geranylgeranylation of cellular proteins, and a synergistic effect with interferon (IFN)-alpha. Nevertheless statins up-regulate low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, required for HCV cell entry, and the closely related scavenger receptors SRBI and CD36; moreover they reduce class II major histocompatibility complex expression on antigen presenting cell, modulating T-cell activation. In vivo LDL levels have been identified as prognostic indicator of sustained viral response to IFN in patients with HCV infection, suggesting that lipid-lowering agents might conversely favour HCV entry into the hepatocytes and translate into higher viral replication. We evaluated the effect of fluvastatin on HCV-RNA levels, CD36 expression and T-cell homeostasis in HCV-RNA positive patients. HCV-RNA was measured at baseline and after 4 weeks in 42 HCV/HIV-1 co-infected patients, randomized to receive either fluvastatin 80 mg qd or no treatment. CD36 expression and markers of T-cell activation were evaluated by means of flow cytometry. Plasma interleukin (IL)-10, IFN-gamma and IL-7 were measured by ELISA. Serum cholesterol and LDL decreased significantly in the treatment group (P = 0.0001 and 0.01, respectively). Surprisingly a significant increase of HCV-RNA levels was seen after 4 weeks of fluvastatin (P = 0.03). The percentages of naive/activated/apoptotic cells and CD36 expression remained unchanged. Fluvastatin did not inhibit HCV-RNA replication in vivo; conversely we observed a significant increase of HCV-RNA levels. CD36 expression on monocytes were not up-regulated by statins as previously reported in vitro. The correlation between HCV infectivity, oxidized-LDL receptor and statins in HCV infection need further evaluation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Milazzo L, Meroni L, Galazzi M, Cesari M, Caramma I, Marchetti G, Galli M, Antinori S. Does fluvastatin favour HCV replication in vivo? A pilot study on HIV-HCV coinfected patients. J Viral Hepat 2009. [PMID: 19215577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1359-289.2009.01104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Fluvastatin showed anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity in vitro, through the inhibition of geranylgeranylation of cellular proteins, and a synergistic effect with interferon (IFN)-alpha. Nevertheless statins up-regulate low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, required for HCV cell entry, and the closely related scavenger receptors SRBI and CD36; moreover they reduce class II major histocompatibility complex expression on antigen presenting cell, modulating T-cell activation. In vivo LDL levels have been identified as prognostic indicator of sustained viral response to IFN in patients with HCV infection, suggesting that lipid-lowering agents might conversely favour HCV entry into the hepatocytes and translate into higher viral replication. We evaluated the effect of fluvastatin on HCV-RNA levels, CD36 expression and T-cell homeostasis in HCV-RNA positive patients. HCV-RNA was measured at baseline and after 4 weeks in 42 HCV/HIV-1 co-infected patients, randomized to receive either fluvastatin 80 mg qd or no treatment. CD36 expression and markers of T-cell activation were evaluated by means of flow cytometry. Plasma interleukin (IL)-10, IFN-gamma and IL-7 were measured by ELISA. Serum cholesterol and LDL decreased significantly in the treatment group (P = 0.0001 and 0.01, respectively). Surprisingly a significant increase of HCV-RNA levels was seen after 4 weeks of fluvastatin (P = 0.03). The percentages of naive/activated/apoptotic cells and CD36 expression remained unchanged. Fluvastatin did not inhibit HCV-RNA replication in vivo; conversely we observed a significant increase of HCV-RNA levels. CD36 expression on monocytes were not up-regulated by statins as previously reported in vitro. The correlation between HCV infectivity, oxidized-LDL receptor and statins in HCV infection need further evaluation.
Collapse
|