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Emanuel E, Slater L, Croxford S, Edmundson C, Ibitoye A, Njoroge J, Ijaz S, Hope V, Platt L, Phipps E, Desai M. Adverse health outcomes among people who inject drugs who engaged in recent sex work: findings from a national survey. Public Health 2023; 225:79-86. [PMID: 37922590 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explores trends in sex work among people who inject drugs (PWID) by gender and the relationship between sex work and adverse health outcomes including overdose, injection-site, and blood-borne virus (BBV) infections. STUDY DESIGN The Unlinked Anonymous Monitoring Survey of PWID is an annual cross-sectional survey that monitors BBV prevalence and behaviours, including transactional sex, among PWID recruited through specialist services in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. METHODS Trends in sex work among PWID (2011-2021) were described. Data were analysed to assess differences between PWID who engaged in sex work in the past year (sex workers [SWs]) and those who did not (non-SWs) by gender (Pearson Chi2 tests) (2018-2021). Associations between sex work in the past year and adverse health outcomes were investigated using logistic regression. RESULTS Between 2011 and 2021, sex work among PWID remained stable, with 31% of women and 6.3% of men who inject, reporting having ever engaged in sex work, and 14% of women and 2.2% of men engaging in sex work in the past year. Between 2018 and 2021, SWs had greater odds of reporting symptoms of an injection-site infection (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.68 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.31-2.16], P < 0.001) and reporting overdose (aOR: 2.21 [CI: 1.74-2.80], P < 0.001) than non-SWs had in the past year. Among men, SWs had 243% greater odds of having HIV than non-SWs (aOR: 3.43 [CI: 1.03-11.33], P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight disproportionate vulnerability and intersection of overlapping risk factors experienced by PWID SWs and a need for tailored interventions which are inclusive and low-threshold.
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Hibbert MP, Simmons R, Mandal S, Sabin CA, Desai M. A rapid review of antenatal hepatitis C virus testing in the United Kingdom. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:823. [PMID: 38017404 PMCID: PMC10683241 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United Kingdom (UK) has committed to the World Health Organization's viral hepatitis elimination targets. New case finding strategies, such as antenatal testing, may be needed to achieve these targets. We conducted a rapid review to understand hepatitis C-specific antibody (anti-HCV) and HCV RNA test positivity in antenatal settings in the United Kingdom to inform guidance. METHODS Articles and conference abstracts published between January 2000 and June 2022 reporting anti-HCV testing in antenatal settings were identified through PubMed and Web of Science searches. Results were synthesised using a narrative approach. RESULTS The search identified 2,011 publications; 10 studies were included in the final synthesis. Seven studies used anonymous testing methods and three studies used universal opt-out testing. Anti-HCV test positivity ranged from 0.1 to 0.99%, with a median value of 0.38%. Five studies reported HCV RNA positivity, which ranged from 0.1 to 0.57% of the testing population, with a median value of 0.22%. One study reported cost effectiveness of HCV and found it to be cost effective at £9,139 per quality adjusted life years. CONCLUSION The relative contribution of universal opt-out antenatal testing for HCV should be reconsidered, as antenatal testing could play an important role in new case-finding and aid achieving elimination targets.
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Peterson H, Desai M, Tawfik M, Kerstetter J, Elsensohn A, Furukawa B. Cutaneous lymphangitis carcinomatosa: a unique presentation of a rare disease. Dermatol Online J 2023; 29. [PMID: 37220288 DOI: 10.5070/d329260772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A 75-year-old man with a three-year history of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma was diagnosed with cutaneous lymphangitic carcinomatosa of unique morphology. He was admitted to our hospital for right neck swelling, erythema, and failure to thrive. Skin examination demonstrated an indurated, thickened, firm, hyperpigmented plaque extending from the right neck and chest to the right ear, cheek, and eyelids. Skin biopsy demonstrated poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, morphologically consistent with metastasis from the patient's known pulmonary adenocarcinoma and showed dermal invasion, perineural invasion, and involvement of dermal lymphatics. The diagnosis was an atypical presentation of cutaneous lymphangitis carcinomatosa from metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. This case presentation affirms that cutaneous lymphangitis carcinomatosa has a variety of atypical presentations, so physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion when evaluating cutaneous lesions in patients with known or suspected internal malignancy.
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Desai M, Kundu A, Hageman M, Lou H, Boisvert D. Monoclonal antibody and protein therapeutic formulations for subcutaneous delivery: high-concentration, low-volume vs. low-concentration, high-volume. MAbs 2023; 15:2285277. [PMID: 38013454 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2285277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biologic drugs are used to treat a variety of cancers and chronic diseases. While most of these treatments are administered intravenously by trained healthcare professionals, a noticeable trend has emerged favoring subcutaneous (SC) administration. SC administration of biologics poses several challenges. Biologic drugs often require higher doses for optimal efficacy, surpassing the low volume capacity of traditional SC delivery methods like autoinjectors. Consequently, high concentrations of active ingredients are needed, creating time-consuming formulation obstacles. Alternatives to traditional SC delivery systems are therefore needed to support higher-volume biologic formulations and to reduce development time and other risks associated with high-concentration biologic formulations. Here, we outline key considerations for SC biologic drug formulations and delivery and explore a paradigm shift: the flexibility afforded by low-to-moderate-concentration drugs in high-volume formulations as an alternative to the traditionally difficult approach of high-concentration, low-volume SC formulation delivery.
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Orsini S, Milillo A, Lichtenegger H, Varsani A, Barabash S, Livi S, De Angelis E, Alberti T, Laky G, Nilsson H, Phillips M, Aronica A, Kallio E, Wurz P, Olivieri A, Plainaki C, Slavin JA, Dandouras I, Raines JM, Benkhoff J, Zender J, Berthelier JJ, Dosa M, Ho GC, Killen RM, McKenna-Lawlor S, Torkar K, Vaisberg O, Allegrini F, Daglis IA, Dong C, Escoubet CP, Fatemi S, Fränz M, Ivanovski S, Krupp N, Lammer H, Leblanc F, Mangano V, Mura A, Rispoli R, Sarantos M, Smith HT, Wieser M, Camozzi F, Di Lellis AM, Fremuth G, Giner F, Gurnee R, Hayes J, Jeszenszky H, Trantham B, Balaz J, Baumjohann W, Cantatore M, Delcourt D, Delva M, Desai M, Fischer H, Galli A, Grande M, Holmström M, Horvath I, Hsieh KC, Jarvinen R, Johnson RE, Kazakov A, Kecskemety K, Krüger H, Kürbisch C, Leblanc F, Leichtfried M, Mangraviti E, Massetti S, Moissenko D, Moroni M, Noschese R, Nuccilli F, Paschalidis N, Ryno J, Seki K, Shestakov A, Shuvalov S, Sordini R, Stenbeck F, Svensson J, Szalai S, Szego K, Toublanc D, Vertolli N, Wallner R, Vorburger A. Inner southern magnetosphere observation of Mercury via SERENA ion sensors in BepiColombo mission. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7390. [PMID: 36450728 PMCID: PMC9712576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury's southern inner magnetosphere is an unexplored region as it was not observed by earlier space missions. In October 2021, BepiColombo mission has passed through this region during its first Mercury flyby. Here, we describe the observations of SERENA ion sensors nearby and inside Mercury's magnetosphere. An intermittent high-energy signal, possibly due to an interplanetary magnetic flux rope, has been observed downstream Mercury, together with low energy solar wind. Low energy ions, possibly due to satellite outgassing, were detected outside the magnetosphere. The dayside magnetopause and bow-shock crossing were much closer to the planet than expected, signature of a highly eroded magnetosphere. Different ion populations have been observed inside the magnetosphere, like low latitude boundary layer at magnetopause inbound and partial ring current at dawn close to the planet. These observations are important for understanding the weak magnetosphere behavior so close to the Sun, revealing details never reached before.
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Smolka S, Fava A, Moshage M, Marwan M, Desai M, Achenbach S. 435 Imaging Parameters And Their Impact On Analysis Time In Ct-ffr. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hufton M, Hussaini Y, Desai M, Saleem N, Srikantaiah R, Fairbank J, Cooper S, Paskin L. WS20.05 Cystic fibrosis, lockdown and CFTR modulators - a perfect storm. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Driscoll S, Patterson K, Goddard P, Desai M, Gilchrist F. WS11.06 A 14-year review of cystic fibrosis newborn screening outcomes from a UK regional laboratory. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Phan TD, Verniero JL, Larson D, Lavraud B, Drake JF, Øieroset M, Eastwood JP, Bale SD, Livi R, Halekas JS, Whittlesey PL, Rahmati A, Stansby D, Pulupa M, MacDowall RJ, Szabo PA, Koval A, Desai M, Fuselier SA, Velli M, Hesse M, Pyakurel PS, Maheshwari K, Kasper JC, Stevens JM, Case AW, Raouafi NE. Parker Solar Probe Observations of Solar Wind Energetic Proton Beams Produced by Magnetic Reconnection in the Near-Sun Heliospheric Current Sheet. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 49:e2021GL096986. [PMID: 35864893 PMCID: PMC9286436 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl096986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report observations of reconnection exhausts in the Heliospheric Current Sheet (HCS) during Parker Solar Probe Encounters 08 and 07, at 16 R s and 20 R s , respectively. Heliospheric current sheet (HCS) reconnection accelerated protons to almost twice the solar wind speed and increased the proton core energy by a factor of ∼3, due to the Alfvén speed being comparable to the solar wind flow speed at these near-Sun distances. Furthermore, protons were energized to super-thermal energies. During E08, energized protons were found to have leaked out of the exhaust along separatrix field lines, appearing as field-aligned energetic proton beams in a broad region outside the HCS. Concurrent dropouts of strahl electrons, indicating disconnection from the Sun, provide further evidence for the HCS being the source of the beams. Around the HCS in E07, there were also proton beams but without electron strahl dropouts, indicating that their origin was not the local HCS reconnection exhaust.
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Bhandari M, Hamid A, Tyagi V, Choudhary G, Mallikarjuna C, Desai M, Srivastava A, Ahlawat R, Dubey D, Pratt C, Reddiboina M. The art of data labelling for building supervised computer Vision models for kidney surgery. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)01351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sholklapper T, Goldenberg M, Lebastchi A, Abreu A, Desai M, Sotelo R, Gill I, Cacciamani G. Intraoperative adverse event reporting in urology: Global ICARUS survey results. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)01136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Paludo A, Knijnik P, Silva Neto B, Berger M, Duarte Jr. D, Aron M, Desai M, Kives Berger A. Feasibility of first postoperative day foley catheter removal after robotic assisted radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)01214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Misuraca L, Anceschi U, Tuderti G, Mastroianni R, Ferriero M, Brassetti A, Bove A, Guaglianone S, Desai M, Gill I, Gallucci M, Simone G. Eight-yr experience of robotic IVC thrombectomy: surgical technique, perioperative and oncologic outcomes. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)01342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Haque W, Verma V, Teh B, Butler E, Hatch S, Desai M, Arentz S, Jain D, Schwartz M, Chevli N, Farach A. Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy Following Pathologic Complete Nodal Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Watson M, Chambers P, Shiu KK, Bridgewater J, Desai M, Roylance R, Tailor A, Masento S, Forster M, Al Moubayed N. 1859P Using deep learning with demographic and laboratory values from baseline to cycle 2 to predict subsequent renal and hepatic function. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Carvajal R, Weber J, Dudek A, Grewal J, Mehmi I, Hamid O, Du Y, Desai M, Wang Y, Sun L, Rege J, Middleton M. 1034TiP ARTISTRY-6: Nemvaleukin alfa monotherapy in patients with advanced mucosal and cutaneous melanoma. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Oppezzo M, Tremmel J, Kapphahn K, Desai M, Baiocchi M, Sanders M, Prochaska J. Feasibility, preliminary efficacy, and accessibility of a twitter-based social support group vs Fitbit only to decrease sedentary behavior in women. Internet Interv 2021; 25:100426. [PMID: 34401385 PMCID: PMC8350596 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health behavior change interventions delivered by social media allow for real-time, dynamic interaction, peer social support, and experimenter-provided content. AIMS We tested the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a novel Twitter-based walking break intervention with daily behavior change strategies and prompts for social support, combined with a Fitbit, vs. Fitbit alone. METHODS In a 2-group pilot, 45 sedentary women from a heart clinic were randomized to Twitter + Fitbit activity tracker (Tweet4Wellness, n = 23) or Fitbit-only (control, n = 22). All received a Fitbit and 13 weeks of tailored weekly step goals. Tweet4Wellness consisted of a private Twitter support group, with daily automated behavior change "tweets" informed by behavior change theory, and encouragement to communicate within the group. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment and enrollment numbers, implementation challenges, and number and type of help requests from participants throughout the study period. Preliminary efficacy outcomes provided by Fitbit data were sedentary minutes, number of hours with >250 steps, maximum sitting bout, weighted sedentary median bout length, total steps, intensity minutes (>3.0 METS), and ratio of time spent sitting-to-moving. Acceptability outcomes included level of Twitter participation within Tweet4Wellness, and Likert scale plus open-ended survey questions on enjoyment and perceived effectiveness of intervention components. Survey data on acceptability of the features of the intervention were collected at 13 weeks (end-of-treatment [EOT]) and 22 weeks (follow-up). RESULTS The study was feasible, with addressable implementation challenges. Tweet4Wellness participants changed significantly from baseline to EOT relative to control participants on number of active hours p = .018, total steps p = .028, and ratio of sitting-to-moving, p = .014. Only sitting-to-moving was significant at follow-up (p = .047). Among Tweet4Wellness participants, each tweet sent during treatment was associated with a 0.11 increase in active hours per day (p = .04) and a 292-step increase per day (p < .001). Tweet4Wellness participants averaged 54.8 (SD = 35.4) tweets, totaling 1304 tweets, and reported liking the accountability and peer support provided by the intervention. CONCLUSION A Twitter-delivered intervention for promoting physical activity among inactive women from a heart clinic was feasible, acceptable, and demonstrated preliminary efficacy in increasing daily active hours, daily total steps, and the ratio of sitting-to-moving from pre to post for the intervention compared with the control. Lessons learned from this pilot suggest that the next study should expand the recruitment pool, refine the intervention to increase group engagement, and select active hours, total steps, and ratio of sitting-to-movement as primary sedentary behavior measures.
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Smolka S, Fava A, Marwan M, Achenbach S, Desai M. Interobserver Agreement Of On-site Ct Derived Ffr In Patients Undergoing Ct Angiography For Suspected Cad By Experience Level. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2021.06.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bhandari M, Ali H, Desai M, Mallikarjuna C, Srivastava A, Dubey D, Tyagi V, Ahlawat R, Pratt C, Choudhary G, Trevor T, Reddiboina M. Complexities in annotating surgical videos for building supervised deep learning models for critical steps of laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dell’Oglio P, Andras I, Ortega D, Galfano A, Artibani W, Autorino R, Mazzone E, Crisan N, Bocciardi A, Sanchez-Salas R, Gill I, Wiklund P, Desai M, Mitropoulos D, Mottrie A, Cacciamani G. Impact of the implementation of the EAU Guidelines recommendation on reporting and grading of complications in patients undergoing robot assisted radical cystectomy: A systematic review. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zorn K, Bidair M, Bhojani N, Trainer A, Arther A, Kramolowsky E, Doumanian L, Elterman D, Kaufman R, Lingeman J, Krambeck A, Eure G, Badlani G, Plante M, Gin G, Goldenberg L, Patterson R, So A, Humphreys M, Kaplan S, Motola J, Desai M, Roehrborn C. Aquablation for benign prostatic hyperplasia in large prostates (80-150cc): 3-year results. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Orsini S, Livi SA, Lichtenegger H, Barabash S, Milillo A, De Angelis E, Phillips M, Laky G, Wieser M, Olivieri A, Plainaki C, Ho G, Killen RM, Slavin JA, Wurz P, Berthelier JJ, Dandouras I, Kallio E, McKenna-Lawlor S, Szalai S, Torkar K, Vaisberg O, Allegrini F, Daglis IA, Dong C, Escoubet CP, Fatemi S, Fränz M, Ivanovski S, Krupp N, Lammer H, Leblanc F, Mangano V, Mura A, Nilsson H, Raines JM, Rispoli R, Sarantos M, Smith HT, Szego K, Aronica A, Camozzi F, Di Lellis AM, Fremuth G, Giner F, Gurnee R, Hayes J, Jeszenszky H, Tominetti F, Trantham B, Balaz J, Baumjohann W, Brienza D, Bührke U, Bush MD, Cantatore M, Cibella S, Colasanti L, Cremonese G, Cremonesi L, D'Alessandro M, Delcourt D, Delva M, Desai M, Fama M, Ferris M, Fischer H, Gaggero A, Gamborino D, Garnier P, Gibson WC, Goldstein R, Grande M, Grishin V, Haggerty D, Holmström M, Horvath I, Hsieh KC, Jacques A, Johnson RE, Kazakov A, Kecskemety K, Krüger H, Kürbisch C, Lazzarotto F, Leblanc F, Leichtfried M, Leoni R, Loose A, Maschietti D, Massetti S, Mattioli F, Miller G, Moissenko D, Morbidini A, Noschese R, Nuccilli F, Nunez C, Paschalidis N, Persyn S, Piazza D, Oja M, Ryno J, Schmidt W, Scheer JA, Shestakov A, Shuvalov S, Seki K, Selci S, Smith K, Sordini R, Svensson J, Szalai L, Toublanc D, Urdiales C, Varsani A, Vertolli N, Wallner R, Wahlstroem P, Wilson P, Zampieri S. SERENA: Particle Instrument Suite for Determining the Sun-Mercury Interaction from BepiColombo. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2021; 217:11. [PMID: 33487762 PMCID: PMC7803725 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ESA-JAXA BepiColombo mission to Mercury will provide simultaneous measurements from two spacecraft, offering an unprecedented opportunity to investigate magnetospheric and exospheric particle dynamics at Mercury as well as their interactions with solar wind, solar radiation, and interplanetary dust. The particle instrument suite SERENA (Search for Exospheric Refilling and Emitted Natural Abundances) is flying in space on-board the BepiColombo Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) and is the only instrument for ion and neutral particle detection aboard the MPO. It comprises four independent sensors: ELENA for neutral particle flow detection, Strofio for neutral gas detection, PICAM for planetary ions observations, and MIPA, mostly for solar wind ion measurements. SERENA is managed by a System Control Unit located inside the ELENA box. In the present paper the scientific goals of this suite are described, and then the four units are detailed, as well as their major features and calibration results. Finally, the SERENA operational activities are shown during the orbital path around Mercury, with also some reference to the activities planned during the long cruise phase.
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Igbinosa I, Lee K, Oakeson A, Riley E, Melchor S, Birdsong J, Tran L, Weng Y, Collins W, Abir G, Bianco Y, He Z, Desai M, Mathew R, Lee G, Ahuja N, Lyell D, Gibbs R, Aziz N. Health disparities among pregnant women with sars-cov-2 infection at a university medical center in northern California. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7683952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fava A, Sande Mathias I, Alashi A, Saijo Y, Popovic Z, Thamilarasan M, Lever H, Desai M. Diastolic stress test echocardiography in patients with hypertrophy cardiomyopathy: association with exercise capacity. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diastolic dysfunction (DD) is a frequent occurrence in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients. Symptoms of DD are often unmasked only during exercise, as left ventricular (LV) filling pressure is normal at rest.
Purpose
We sought to establish if abnormal DST parameters are associated with reduced exercise capacity in HCM patients.
Methods
We examined 590 asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic HCM patients (54±14 years, 57% men, body mass index 30±6 kg/m2, 84% on beta-blockers) with HCM by echocardiography at rest & maximal exercise. Septal and lateral [e'] mitral annular velocity, peak early [E] and late [A] mitral inflow velocity, Mitral E/e' and left atrial volume index (LAVI) was recorded. Exercise functional capacity was stablished as age-gender predicted metabolic equivalents (AGP-METs).
Results
Echocardiography at rest had LVEF of 62±6, wall thickness of 16.7±0.5 mm, LVMI of 111±43 g m–2, LVOT gradient of 26±33 mmHg, LAVI 34.5±17 mm, E/A ratio of 1.2±0.6, and average E/e' ratio 12.7±0.6. Following maximal exercise had a mean LVOT gradient of 61±59 mmHg, E/A ratio of 1.2±1.0 and average E/e' ratio 12.7±1.0. Only 42% had >85% of age-sex predicted METs. Logistic regression analysis testing the association between various predictors and 85% AGP-METs are shown in table 1.
Conclusion
There is a significant association between abnormal diastolic response to exercise and reduced exercise capacity in patients with HCM.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Wang T, Griffin B, Cremer P, Gamble G, Unai S, Shrestha N, Gordon S, Pettersson G, Desai M. Meta-analysis of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing mycotic aneurysms. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mycotic aneurysms are a serious complication of infective endocarditis and bloodstream infection with high mortality and morbidity. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MRI) play major roles in detecting mycotic aneurysms, but their accuracy is not well established warranting this meta-analysis.
Purpose
We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of CT and MRI for mycotic aneurysms in this meta-analysis.
Methods
Pubmed, Cochrane and Embase were searched from 1 January 1980–30 June 2019 for diagnostic studies reporting both sensitivity and specificity of CT and/or MRI for detecting mycotic aneurysms, and pooled using random effects models and Meta-DiSc 1.4 software.
Results
Amongst 1507 articles searched, 15 studies with 622 scans for 249 mycotic aneurysms included. CT was performed in 13 studies and MRI in 5 studies, looking at aortic and cerebral mycotic aneurysm in 12 and 3 studies respectively. The pooled sensitivities and specificities for all mycotic aneurysms with 95% confidence intervals were for CT 0.82 (0.77–0.87) and 0.93 (0.89–0.95) respectively, and for MRI 0.79 (0.61–0.91) and 0.89 (0.81–0.95) (Figure). CT or MRI had pooled sensitivities and specificities of 0.84 (0.78–0.89) and 0.92 (0.89–0.95) for aortic and 0.71 (0.54–0.85) and 0.90 (0.83–0.95) for cerebral mycotic aneurysms. Heterogeneity and publication bias was observed in some pooled analysis.
Conclusion
CT and MRI had moderately high diagnostic accuracy for mycotic aneurysms. Sensitivity was numerically higher for detecting aortic than cerebral mycotic aneurysms, with similar specificity. Study heterogeneity, publication bias and modest sample size from the literature were important limitations, warranting larger and higher quality studies.
Forrest plots for CT and MRI pooled data
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): National Heart Foundation of New Zealand - Overseas Clinical and Research Fellowship
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