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Ayuningtyas NF, Chea C, Ando T, Saninggar KE, Tanimoto K, Inubushi T, Maishi N, Hida K, Shindoh M, Miyauchi M, Takata T. Bovine Lactoferrin Suppresses Tumor Angiogenesis through NF-κB Pathway Inhibition by Binding to TRAF6. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010165. [PMID: 36678795 PMCID: PMC9862475 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is essential for tumor progression. The inhibition of tumor angiogenesis is a promising therapy for tumors. Bovine lactoferrin (bLF) has been reported as an anti-tumor agent. However, bLF effects on tumor angiogenesis are not well demonstrated. This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of bLF on tumor angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Herein, tumor endothelial cells (TECs) and normal endothelial cells (NECs) were used. Proliferation, migration, tube formation assays, RT-PCR, flow cytometry, Western blotting, siRNA experiments and immunoprecipitation were conducted to clarify the mechanisms of bLF-induced effects. CD-31 immunoexpression was examined in tumor tissues of oral squamous cell carcinoma mouse models with or without Liposomal bLF (LbLF)-administration. We confirmed that bLF inhibited proliferation/migration/tube formation and increased apoptosis in TECs but not NECs. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), p-p65, hypoxia inducible factor-α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were highly expressed in TECs. In TECs, bLF markedly downregulated VEGF-A, VEGF receptor (VEGFR) and HIF-1α via the inhibition of p-p65 through binding with TRAF6. Since NECs slightly expressed p-p65, bLF-TRAF-6 binding could not induce detectable changes. Moreover, orally administrated LbLF decreased CD31-positive microvascular density only in TECs. Hence, bLF specifically suppressed tumor angiogenesis through p-p65 inhibition by binding to TRAF6 and suppressing HIF-1α activation followed by VEGF/VEGFR down-regulation. Collectively, bLF can be an anti-angiogenic agent for tumors.
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Yanagiya M, Dawood RIH, Maishi N, Hida Y, Torii C, Annan DA, Kikuchi H, Yanagawa Matsuda A, Kitamura T, Ohiro Y, Shindoh M, Tanaka S, Kitagawa Y, Hida K. Correlation between endothelial CXCR7 expression and clinicopathological factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Int 2021; 71:383-391. [PMID: 33783897 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) impairs functionality and sensuousness resulting in poor quality of life. Biomarkers can predict disease trajectory and lead to effective treatments. Transcriptomics have identified genes that are upregulated in tumor endothelial cells (TECs) compared with normal endothelial cells (NECs). Among them, chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) is highly expressed in TECs of several cancers and involved in angiogenesis of TECs. However, levels of CXCR7 in OSCC blood vessels have not been fully investigated. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between CXCR7 expression in TECs and clinicopathological factors in OSCC. Immunohistochemistry for CXCR7 and CD34 was performed on 59 OSCC tissue specimens resected between 1996 and 2008 at Hokkaido University Hospital. CXCR7 expression in blood vessels was evaluated by the ratio of CXCR7+/CD34+ blood vessels. CXCR7 expression was 42% and 19% in tumor and non-tumor parts, respectively, suggesting that CXCR7 expression is higher in TECs than in NECs. CXCR7 expression in TECs correlated with advanced T-stage and cancer stage. Overall survival and disease-free survival rates were higher in low-expressing CXCR7 patients than in high-expressing. These results suggest that CXCR7 expression in blood vessels may be a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for OSCC patients.
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Kikuiri T, Mishima H, Imura H, Suzuki S, Matsuzawa Y, Nakamura T, Fukumoto S, Yoshimura Y, Watanabe S, Kinoshita A, Yamada T, Shindoh M, Sugita Y, Maeda H, Yawaka Y, Mikoya T, Natsume N, Yoshiura KI. Patients with SATB2-associated syndrome exhibiting multiple odontomas. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2614-2622. [PMID: 30575289 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2)-associated syndrome (SAS) is characterized by alterations of SATB2. Its clinical features include intellectual disability and craniofacial abnormalities, such as cleft palate, dysmorphic features, and dental abnormalities. Here, we describe three previously undiagnosed, unrelated patients with SAS who exhibited dental abnormalities, including multiple odontomas. Although isolated odontomas are common, multiple odontomas are rare. Individuals in families 1 and 3 underwent whole-exome sequencing. Patient 2 and parents underwent targeted amplicon sequencing. On the basis of the hg19/GRCh37 reference and the RefSeq mRNA NM_001172517, respective heterozygous mutations were found and validated in Patients 1, 2, and 3: a splice-site mutation (chr2:g.200137396C > T, c.1741-1G > A), a nonsense mutation (chr2:g.200213750G > A, c.847C > T, p.R283*), and a frame-shift mutations (chr2:g.200188589_200188590del, c.1478_1479del, p.Q493Rfs*19). All mutations occurred de novo. The mutations in Patients 1 and 3 were novel; the mutation in Patient 2 has been described previously. Tooth mesenchymal cells derived from Patient 2 showed diminished SATB2 expression. Multiple odontomas were evident in the patients in this report; however, this has not been recognized previously as a SAS-associated phenotype. We propose that multiple odontomas be considered as an occasional manifestation of SAS.
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Habiba U, Kuroshima T, Yanagawa-Matsuda A, Kitamura T, Chowdhury A, Jehung JP, Hossain E, Sano H, Kitagawa Y, Shindoh M, Higashino F. HuR translocation to the cytoplasm of cancer cells in actin-independent manner. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:218-225. [PMID: 29807023 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human antigen R (HuR) is a RNA-binding protein, which binds to the AU-rich element (ARE) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of certain mRNA and is involved in the export and stabilization of ARE-mRNA. HuR constitutively relocates to the cytoplasm in many cancer cells, however the mechanism of intracellular HuR trafficking is poorly understood. To address this question, we examined the functional role of the cytoskeleton in HuR relocalization. We tested the effect of actin depolymerizing macrolide latrunculin A or myosin II ATPase activity inhibitor blebbistatin for HuR relocalization induced by the vasoactive hormone Angiotensin II in cancer and control normal cells. Western blot and confocal imaging data revealed that both inhibitors attenuated the cytoplasmic HuR in normal cells but no such alteration was observed in cancer cells. Concomitant with changes in intracellular HuR localization, both inhibitors markedly decreased the accumulation and half-lives of HuR target ARE-mRNAs in normal cells, whereas no change was observed in cancer cells. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation experiments with HuR proteins revealed clear physical interaction with ß-actin only in normal cells. The current study is the first to verify that cancer cells can implicate a microfilament independent HuR transport. We hypothesized that when cytoskeleton structure is impaired, cancer cells can acquire an alternative HuR trafficking strategy.
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Hojo T, Maishi N, Towfik AM, Akiyama K, Ohga N, Shindoh M, Hida Y, Minowa K, Fujisawa T, Hida K. ROS enhance angiogenic properties via regulation of NRF2 in tumor endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45484-45495. [PMID: 28525375 PMCID: PMC5542202 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unstable molecules that activate oxidative stress. Because of the insufficient blood flow in tumors, the tumor microenvironment is often exposed to hypoxic condition and nutrient deprivation, which induces ROS accumulation. We isolated tumor endothelial cells (TECs) and found that they have various abnormalities, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we showed that ROS were accumulated in tumor blood vessels and ROS enhanced TEC migration with upregulation of several angiogenesis related gene expressions. It was also demonstrated that these genes were upregulated by regulation of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). Among these genes, we focused on Biglycan, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan. Inhibition of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, known BIGLYCAN (BGN) receptors, cancelled the TEC motility stimulated by ROS. ROS inhibited NRF2 expression in TECs but not in NECs, and NRF2 inhibited phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, which activates transcription of BGN. These results indicated that ROS-induced BGN caused the pro-angiogenic phenotype in TECs via NRF2 dysregulation.
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Jehung JP, Kitamura T, Yanagawa-Matsuda A, Kuroshima T, Towfik A, Yasuda M, Sano H, Kitagawa Y, Minowa K, Shindoh M, Higashino F. Adenovirus infection induces HuR relocalization to facilitate virus replication. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1795-1800. [PMID: 29225167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
HuR is an RNA-binding protein of the embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV) family, which binds to the AU-rich element (ARE) in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of certain mRNAs and is involved in the nucleo-cytoplasmic export and stabilization of ARE-mRNAs. The cytoplasmic relocalization of ARE-mRNAs with several proteins such as HuR and pp32 increases in cells transformed by the adenovirus oncogene product E4orf6. Additionally, these ARE-mRNAs were stabilized and acquired the potential to transform cells. Although, the relocalization of HuR and the stabilization of ARE-mRNAs are crucial for cell transformation, evidence regarding the relationship of HuR and ARE-mRNAs with adenovirus replication is lacking. In this report, we demonstrate that adenovirus infection induces the relocation of HuR to the cytoplasm of host cells. Analysis using the luciferase-ARE fusion gene and the tetracycline (tet)-off system revealed that the process of stabilizing ARE-mRNAs is activated in adenovirus-infected cells. Heat shock treatment or knockdown-mediated depletion of HuR reduced adenovirus production. Furthermore, expression of ARE-including viral IVa2 mRNA, decreased in HuR-depleted infected cells. These results indicate that HuR plays an important role in adenovirus replication, at least in part, by up-regulating IVa2 mRNA expression and that ARE-mRNA stabilization is required for both transformation and virus replication.
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Hida K, Kawamoto T, Maishi N, Morimoto M, Akiyama K, Ohga N, Shindoh M, Shinohara N, Hida Y. miR-145 promoted anoikis resistance in tumor endothelial cells. J Biochem 2017; 162:81-84. [PMID: 28510655 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression is dependent on tumor angiogenesis. We previously reported that the phenotype of tumor endothelial cells (TECs) is distinct from normal endothelial cells (NECs). Herein, we conducted a pathway analysis using a public TEC microarray database and identified several putative TEC-specific miRNAs. We found that miR-145 expression was upregulated in TECs and that miR-145 enhanced cell adhesion and anoikis resistance and upregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl via ERK1/2 in human microvascular endothelial cells. These findings suggested that miR-145 is involved in the acquisition of the TEC phenotype, partially. Therefore, miR-145 and its target genes may be molecular targets for anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Hida K, Maishi N, Akiyama K, Ohmura-Kakutani H, Torii C, Ohga N, Osawa T, Kikuchi H, Morimoto H, Morimoto M, Shindoh M, Shinohara N, Hida Y. Tumor endothelial cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity show drug resistance. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2195-2203. [PMID: 28851003 PMCID: PMC5666026 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor blood vessels play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. We previously reported that tumor endothelial cells (TEC) exhibit several altered phenotypes compared with normal endothelial cells (NEC). For example, TEC have chromosomal abnormalities and are resistant to several anticancer drugs. Furthermore, TEC contain stem cell‐like populations with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity (ALDHhighTEC). ALDHhighTEC have proangiogenic properties compared with ALDHlowTEC. However, the association between ALDHhighTEC and drug resistance remains unclear. In the present study, we found that ALDH mRNA expression and activity were higher in both human and mouse TEC than in NEC. Human NEC:human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) were treated with tumor‐conditioned medium (tumor CM). The ALDHhigh population increased along with upregulation of stem‐related genes such as multidrug resistance 1, CD90, ALP, and Oct‐4. Tumor CM also induced sphere‐forming ability in HMVEC. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐A in tumor CM was shown to induce ALDH expression in HMVEC. Finally, ALDHhighTEC were resistant to fluorouracil (5‐FU) in vitro and in vivo. ALDHhighTEC showed a higher grade of aneuploidy compared with that in ALDHlowTEC. These results suggested that tumor‐secreting factor increases ALDHhighTEC populations that are resistant to 5‐FU. Therefore, ALDHhighTEC in tumor blood vessels might be an important target to overcome or prevent drug resistance.
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Sato J, Kitagawa Y, Watanabe S, Asaka T, Ohga N, Hirata K, Okamoto S, Shiga T, Shindoh M, Kuge Y, Tamaki N. 18 F-Fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography (FMISO-PET) may reflect hypoxia and cell proliferation activity in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 124:261-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.05.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kawazoe Y, Shiba T, Nakamura R, Mizuno A, Tsutsumi K, Uematsu T, Yamaoka M, Shindoh M, Kohgo T. Induction of Calcification in MC3T3-E1 Cells by Inorganic Polyphosphate. J Dent Res 2016; 83:613-8. [PMID: 15271969 DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively large amounts of inorganic polyphosphate [poly(P)] (400 μM) have been found in normal osteoblasts. The effect of poly(P) with an average chain length of 65 phosphate residues on cell calcification was therefore investigated with the use of MC3T3-E1 cells. Expression of both osteopontin and osteocalcin was induced by poly(P) (0.1 ~ 1 mM), and cells treated with poly(P) were strongly stained by alizarin red. In addition, the level of alkaline phosphatase activity induced in poly(P)-treated cells was two-fold higher than that in either orthophosphate-treated or control cells but not higher than that in cells treated with β-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid. In contrast, however, polyphosphatase activities were activated by poly(P) treatment to levels up to six-fold greater than that in controls. MC3T3-E1 cells may utilize poly(P) as a phosphate source for calcification rather than phosphate sources that are mainly produced by ALPase. Poly(P)-dependent induction of polyphosphatase activities may therefore promote calcification in MC3T3-E1 cells.
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Hida K, Maishi N, Kawamoto T, Akiyama K, Ohga N, Hida Y, Yamada K, Hojo T, Kikuchi H, Sato M, Torii C, Shinohara N, Shindoh M. Tumor endothelial cells express high pentraxin 3 levels. Pathol Int 2016; 66:687-694. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Habiba U, Hida K, Kitamura T, Matsuda AY, Higashino F, Ito YM, Ohiro Y, Totsuka Y, Shindoh M. ALDH1 and podoplanin expression patterns predict the risk of malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:321-328. [PMID: 28123562 PMCID: PMC5245102 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia (OL) is a clinically diagnosed preneoplastic lesion of the oral cavity with an increased oral cancer risk. However, the risk of malignant transformation is still difficult to assess. The objective of the present study was to examine the expression patterns of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and podoplanin in OL, and to determine their roles in predicting oral cancer development. In the present study, the expression patterns of ALDH1 and podoplanin were determined in samples from 79 patients with OL. The association between protein expression and clinicopathological parameters, including oral cancer-free survival, was analyzed during a mean follow-up period of 3.4 years. Expression of ALDH1 and podoplanin was observed in 61 and 67% patients, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the expression of the proteins was correlated with the risk of progression to oral cancer. Multivariate analysis revealed that expression of ALDH1 and podoplanin was associated with 3.02- and 2.62-fold increased risk of malignant transformation, respectively. The malignant transformation risk of OL was considerably higher in cases with expression of both proteins. Point-prevalence analysis revealed that 66% of patients with co-expression of ALDH1 and podoplanin developed oral cancer. Taken together, our data indicate that ALDH1 and podoplanin expression patterns in OL are associated with oral cancer development, suggesting that ALDH1 and podoplanin may be useful biomarkers to identify OL patients with a substantially high oral cancer risk.
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Habiba U, Kitamura T, Yanagawa-Matsuda A, Higashino F, Hida K, Totsuka Y, Shindoh M. HuR and podoplanin expression is associated with a high risk of malignant transformation in patients with oral preneoplastic lesions. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3199-3207. [PMID: 27899983 PMCID: PMC5103919 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of malignant transformation in oral preneoplastic lesions (OPLs) is challenging to assess. The objective of the present study was to determine the expression of ELAV like RNA binding protein 1 (HuR) and podoplanin in OPLs, and to evaluate the use of each protein as biomarkers for the risk assessment of malignant transformations. Immunohistochemistry for HuR and podoplanin was performed on the tissues of 51 patients with OPL, including cases of low grade dysplasia (LGD) and high grade dysplasia (HGD). The association between the protein expression patterns and clinicopathological parameters, including oral cancer free survival (OCFS) time, was analyzed during the follow-up period. HuR and podoplanin expression was observed in 28 (55%) and 36 (71%) of 51 patients, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the expression of HuR and podoplanin was associated with the risk of progression to oral cancer (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that HuR and podoplanin expression was associated with a 2.93-fold (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.98–10.34; P=0.055) and 2.06-fold (95% CI, 0.55–8.01; P=0.283) increase in risk of malignant transformation, respectively. The risk of OPL malignant transformation was considerably increased with the coexpression of HuR and podoplanin compared with the histological grading (95% CI, 1.64–23.59; P=0.005). The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression of HuR and podoplanin associates with malignant transformation and suggests that the proteins may be used as biomarkers to identify OPL patients with an increased risk of cancer development.
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Sato J, Kitagawa Y, Watanabe S, Asaka T, Ohga N, Miyakoshi M, Hata H, Okamoto S, Shiga T, Shindoh M, Tamaki N. FMISO-PET reflects not only hypoxia but also cell proliferation in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.08.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Habiba U, Shindoh M. Abstract 1513: ALDH1 and podoplanin expression in oral leukoplakia: Correlate with malignant transformaion risk. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the clinically diagnosed preneoplastic lesion in the oral cavity with an increased oral cancer risk. However, the risk of malignant transformation of OL is still difficult to assess. The objective of this study was to examine the expression patterns of ALDH1 and Podoplanin (PD) and determine their role in predicting oral cancer development in patients with OL. In a retrospective follow-up study, the expression patterns of ALDH1 and PD were determined using immunohistochemistry in samples from 79 patients with OL, including patients with untransformed lesions (n = 42) and patients with malignant transformed lesions (n = 37). The association between protein expression patterns and clinicopathologic parameters including oral cancer free survival (OCFS) was analyzed during a mean follow up period of 3.5 years. ALDH1 and PD expression was observed in 48 (61%) and 53 (67%) patients respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the expression of ALDH1 and PD was correlated with the risk of progression to oral cancer (P = < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that ALDH1 and PD expression was associated with 3.02 folds and 2.62 folds of increase risk of malignant transformation, respectively. Meanwhile, the malignant transformation risk of OL was considerably higher in cases with both ALDH1 and PD expression (P = 0.000). Taken together, our data indicated that ALDH1 and PD expression patterns in OL were associated with oral cancer development, suggesting that ALDH1 and PD could be useful biomarkers to identify OL patient with substantially high oral cancer risk.
Citation Format: Umma Habiba, Masanobu Shindoh. ALDH1 and podoplanin expression in oral leukoplakia: Correlate with malignant transformaion risk. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1513. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1513
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Yamada K, Maishi N, Akiyama K, Towfik Alam M, Ohga N, Kawamoto T, Shindoh M, Takahashi N, Kamiyama T, Hida Y, Taketomi A, Hida K. CXCL12-CXCR7 axis is important for tumor endothelial cell angiogenic property. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2825-36. [PMID: 26100110 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We reported that tumor endothelial cells (TECs) differ from normal endothelial cells (NECs) in many aspects, such as gene expression profiles. Although CXCR7 is reportedly highly expressed in blood vessels of several tumors, its function in TECs is still unknown. To investigate this role, we isolated TECs from mouse tumor A375SM xenografts, and compared them with NECs from normal mouse dermis. After confirming CXCR7 upregulation in TECs, we analyzed its function using CXCR7 siRNA and CXCR7 inhibitor; CCX771. CXCR7 siRNA and CCX771 inhibited migration, tube formation and resistance to serum starvation in TECs but not in NECs. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was inhibited by CXCR7 knockdown in TECs. These results suggest that CXCR7 promotes angiogenesis in TECs via ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Using ELISA, we also detected CXCL12, a ligand of CXCR7, in conditioned medium from TECs, but not from NECs. CXCL12 neutralizing antibody significantly inhibited TEC random motility. VEGF stimulation upregulated CXCR7 expression in NECs, implying that VEGF mediates CXCR7 expression in endothelial cells. A CXCR7 inhibitor, CCX771 also inhibited tumor growth, lung metastasis and tumor angiogenesis in vivo. Taken together, the CXCL12-CXCR7 autocrine loop affects TEC proangiogenic properties, and could be the basis for an antiangiogenic therapy that specifically targets tumor blood vessels rather than normal vessels.
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Akiyama K, Maishi N, Ohga N, Hida Y, Ohba Y, Alam MT, Kawamoto T, Ohmura H, Yamada K, Torii C, Shindoh M, Hida K. Inhibition of Multidrug Transporter in Tumor Endothelial Cells Enhances Antiangiogenic Effects of Low-Dose Metronomic Paclitaxel. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:572-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ohmura-Kakutani H, Akiyama K, Maishi N, Ohga N, Hida Y, Kawamoto T, Iida J, Shindoh M, Tsuchiya K, Shinohara N, Hida K. Identification of tumor endothelial cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and a highly angiogenic phenotype. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113910. [PMID: 25437864 PMCID: PMC4250080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor blood vessels play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. It has been reported that tumor endothelial cells (TECs) exhibit highly angiogenic phenotypes compared with those of normal endothelial cells (NECs). TECs show higher proliferative and migratory abilities than those NECs, together with upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Furthermore, compared with NECs, stem cell markers such as Sca-1, CD90, and multidrug resistance 1 are upregulated in TECs, suggesting that stem-like cells exist in tumor blood vessels. In this study, to reveal the biological role of stem-like TECs, we analyzed expression of the stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in TECs and characterized ALDHhigh TECs. TECs and NECs were isolated from melanoma-xenografted nude mice and normal dermis, respectively. ALDH mRNA expression and activity were higher in TECs than those in NECs. Next, ALDHhigh/low TECs were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting to compare their characteristics. Compared with ALDHlow TECs, ALDHhigh TECs formed more tubes on Matrigel-coated plates and sustained the tubular networks longer. Furthermore, VEGFR2 expression was higher in ALDHhigh TECs than that in ALDHlow TECs. In addition, ALDH was expressed in the tumor blood vessels of in vivo mouse models of melanoma and oral carcinoma, but not in normal blood vessels. These findings indicate that ALDHhigh TECs exhibit an angiogenic phenotype. Stem-like TECs may have an essential role in tumor angiogenesis.
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Alam MT, Nagao-Kitamoto H, Ohga N, Akiyama K, Maishi N, Kawamoto T, Shinohara N, Taketomi A, Shindoh M, Hida Y, Hida K. Suprabasin as a novel tumor endothelial cell marker. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:1533-40. [PMID: 25283635 PMCID: PMC4317965 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that stromal cells contribute to tumor progression. We previously demonstrated that tumor endothelial cells (TEC) characteristics were different from those of normal endothelial cells (NEC). Furthermore, we performed gene profile analysis in TEC and NEC, revealing that suprabasin (SBSN) was upregulated in TEC compared with NEC. However, its role in TEC is still unknown. Here we showed that SBSN expression was higher in isolated human and mouse TEC than in NEC. SBSN knockdown inhibited the migration and tube formation ability of TEC. We also showed that the AKT pathway was a downstream factor of SBSN. These findings suggest that SBSN is involved in the angiogenic potential of TEC and may be a novel TEC marker.
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Wada M, Sato J, Shindoh M, Ujiie H, Natsuga K, Nishie W, Shimizu H, Kitagawa Y. Anti-BP180-type mucous membrane pemphigoid: report of two cases. Odontology 2014; 104:114-8. [PMID: 25355555 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-014-0181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe two patients with anti-BP180-type mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), who were correctly diagnosed and treated in early stages through the cooperation of dentists and dermatologists. Patient 1 was a 74-year-old woman who visited our dental department due to blisters over the oral mucosa and eruptions on the skin. She had also experienced bleeding of the gingiva and palate mucosa. Biopsy specimens from the oral mucosa revealed detachment of epithelial basement membrane and subepithelial lamina propria with slight chronic inflammation. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) revealed linear IgG and IgA deposits along the basement membrane zone (BMZ). Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) using 1 M-NaCl split normal human skin showed binding of IgG and IgA on the epidermal side. On immunoblot analysis, IgG and IgA autoantibodies reacted with the C-terminal protein of BP180. These findings indicated a diagnosis of anti-BP180-type MMP. Patient 2 was a 59-year-old woman who was referred to our dental department with a history of blisters and large erosions on the gingiva. Biopsy specimens from the oral mucosa revealed partial junctional separation at the level of the basement membrane. DIF showed linear depositions of IgG and C3 along the BMZ. IIF, using 1 M-NaCl split normal human skin, revealed circulating anti-BMZ-IgG antibodies bound to the epidermal side. These findings indicated a diagnosis of anti-BP180-type MMP. Both patients were treated successfully with systemic or topical steroids and oral health care. In conclusion, appropriate clinical examination and cooperation among medical specialists are important for the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with recurrent and chronic stomatitis and for their good prognosis.
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Habiba U, Kitamura T, Yanagawa-Matsuda A, Hida K, Higashino F, Ohiro Y, Totsuka Y, Shindoh M. Cytoplasmic expression of HuR may be a valuable diagnostic tool for determining the potential for malignant transformation of oral verrucous borderline lesions. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1547-54. [PMID: 24534848 PMCID: PMC3975986 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC) is a low grade variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and oral verrucous hyperplasia (OVH) is a benign lesion without malignant features. However, pathologists are sometimes presented with borderline lesions and are indecisive as to diagnose them as benign or malignant. Thus, these lesions are tentatively termed oral verrucous lesions (OVLs). HuR is an ARE mRNA-binding protein, normally localized in the nucleus but cytoplasmic exportation is frequently observed in cancer cells. The present study aimed to elucidate whether expression of the HuR protein facilitates the diagnosis of true malignant lesions. Clinicopathological features were evaluated, and immunohistochemical analysis for p53, Ki67 and HuR proteins was performed in 48 cases of OVH, OVC and OVL, and the outcomes were correlated using appropriate statistical analysis. The association of these three proteins in relation to malignant transformation was analyzed after a 3-year follow-up of 25 OVL cases. The basal characteristics (age, gender and location) of all cases had no significant association with the types of lesions. Gingiva (39.4%) was the common site for all lesions. Distribution of the examined proteins had a significant association with the lesions. As compared with the OVLs, the number of immunostained-positive cells was significantly higher in the OVCs and lower in the OVH cases. During follow-up, 24% of the OVLs underwent malignant transformation for which high HuR expression and a diffuse staining pattern in the epithelium were observed. Taken together, the high degree of HuR expression with diffuse staining pattern in the epithelium may be an effective diagnostic tool that determines the potential of OVLs for malignant transformation.
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Imamachi K, Higashino F, Kitamura T, Kakuguchi W, Yanagawa-Matsuda A, Ishikawa M, Kitagawa Y, Totsuka Y, Shindoh M. pp32r1 controls the decay of the RNA-binding protein HuR. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:1103-8. [PMID: 24398589 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
pp32 is a tumor suppressor and is one of the associated proteins of the RNA-binding protein HuR. The pp32-HuR complex is exported to the cytoplasm of cells under stress conditions, and HuR is degraded by caspases in the cytoplasm. In the present study, we examined the role of pp32r1, a member of the pp32 family that has oncogenic properties, in the decay of HuR. pp32r1 was found to be abundantly expressed in cancer cells, and overexpression of pp32r1 induced colony formation in soft-agar. pp32r1 was expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas pp32 was predominantly localized in the nucleus. Even with lethal stress such as staurosporine (STS), HuR in the cytoplasm was never downregulated, and caspase-3 activity was inhibited when cells expressed pp32r1. pp32r1 bound to HuR without interacting with pp32. In cancer cells, HuR survived in the cytoplasm of cells overexpressing pp32r1, although HuR was not expressed in the cytoplasm of pp32-expressing cells, similar to lethal stress conditions. Taken together, these results indicate that pp32r1 binds to HuR to avoid the caspase-mediated decay of HuR in the cytoplasm of cells. We suggest that this function contributes to the oncogenic activity of pp32r1.
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Kondoh M, Ohga N, Akiyama K, Hida Y, Maishi N, Towfik AM, Inoue N, Shindoh M, Hida K. Hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species cause chromosomal abnormalities in endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80349. [PMID: 24260373 PMCID: PMC3829944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is much evidence that hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment enhances tumor progression. In an earlier study, we reported abnormal phenotypes of tumor-associated endothelial cells such as those resistant to chemotherapy and chromosomal instability. Here we investigated the role of hypoxia in the acquisition of chromosomal abnormalities in endothelial cells. Tumor-associated endothelial cells isolated from human tumor xenografts showed chromosomal abnormalities, >30% of which were aneuploidy. Aneuploidy of the tumor-associated endothelial cells was also shown by simultaneous in-situ hybridization for chromosome 17 and by immunohistochemistry with anti-CD31 antibody for endothelial staining. The aneuploid cells were surrounded by a pimonidazole-positive area, indicating hypoxia. Human microvascular endothelial cells expressed hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A in response to either hypoxia or hypoxia-reoxygenation, and in these conditions, they acquired aneuploidy in 7 days. Induction of aneuploidy was inhibited by either inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor or by inhibition of reactive oxygen species by N-acetyl-L-cysteine. These results indicate that hypoxia induces chromosomal abnormalities in endothelial cells through the induction of reactive oxygen species and excess signaling of vascular endothelial growth factor in the tumor microenvironment.
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Sato J, Kitagawa Y, Yamazaki Y, Hata H, Okamoto S, Shiga T, Shindoh M, Kuge Y, Tamaki N. 18F-fluoromisonidazole PET uptake is correlated with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1060-5. [PMID: 23699668 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.114355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypoxia is a common feature of cancer and a prognostic factor for many types of cancer. (18)F-fluoromisonidazole ((18)F-FMISO) PET can detect tumor hypoxia noninvasively. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key player in the transcriptional response to low oxygen tension in many types of cancer. Its activity is mainly dependent on the stability and modification of HIF-1α, which is a composition of HIF-1. However, it is unclear whether (18)F-FMISO PET can identify HIF-1α expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study was performed to elucidate the correlation between (18)F-FMISO PET findings and HIF-1α expression in OSCC. METHODS Twenty-three patients (age range, 42-84 y; 15 men, 8 women) with OSCC were enrolled in this study. The T-stages of cancer were T1 in 1 patient, T2 in 9, T3 in 2, and T4a in 11. The N-stages were N0 in 13 patients, N1 in 5, and N2 in 5. Each patient underwent (18)F-FMISO and (18)F-FDG PET before surgery, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) of both PET studies was measured. HIF-1α expression in the operation materials was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. The SUV max of both PET studies and HIF-1α findings were compared statistically. RESULTS (18)F-FMISO PET detected uptake in the primary site in 14 of the 23 patients (61%). The median SUV max of (18)F-FMISO and (18)F-FDG PET in the primary site was 1.83 (range, 0.8-2.7) and 16.5 (range, 1.0-32.3), respectively. There was a weak significant correlation between (18)F-FMISO and (18)F-FDG PET SUV max (P = 0.02, r = 0.48). HIF-1α expression was clearly detected in 11 of the 23 patients (48%). The (18)F-FMISO PET SUV max was significantly higher in the HIF-1α-positive cases than in the HIF-1α-negative cases (median, 2.1; range, 1.5-2.4, vs. median, 1.6; range, 0.8-2.0, respectively) (P = 0.002). However, there were no significant correlations between (18)F-FDG PET SUV max and HIF-1α expression (median, 21.8; range, 7.7-29.1 vs. 1.0-32.2) (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION (18)F-FMISO uptake in the primary site of OSCC indicates a hypoxic environment with HIF-1α expression.
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Nagamine K, Kitamura T, Yanagawa-Matsuda A, Ohiro Y, Tei K, Hida K, Higashino F, Totsuka Y, Shindoh M. Expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein confers malignant potential to mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:2114-8. [PMID: 23588777 PMCID: PMC3694618 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is known to induce bone resorption by activating RANKL as well as PTH. PTHrP plays a central role in humoral hypercalcemia, and its expression has been reported to be closely associated with bone metastasis of breast carcinoma. PTHrP expression in oral squamous carcinoma cell lines was investigated, and PTHrP was expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines similar to that in a prostate carcinoma cell line. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor composed of different types of cells including a squamous component. Its clinical behavior is highly variable and ranges from slow-growing and indolent to locally aggressive and highly metastatic. We examined the PTHrP expression in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and assessed the significance of its correlation with clinicopathological features. Immunohistochemical detection of PTHrP was carried out in 21 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the head and neck region. PTHrP was highly detectable in intermediate and epidermoid cells, and abundant expression of PTHrP in intermediate cells had a significant association with cancer malignancy, including lymph node metastasis and/or tumor recurrence. These results suggest that PTHrP expression can be used as a prognostic factor for mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
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