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Raj R S, Arulraj GP, Anand N, Kanagaraj B, Naser M, Lubloy E. A comprehensive study on engineering and sustainability characteristics with emphasizing on 3R's approach in building construction. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32206. [PMID: 38933962 PMCID: PMC11200302 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The study assesses the mechanical efficiency, long-lasting characteristics, microstructure, and sustainability of sustainable concrete (SC) samples through several optimization methods, emphasizing the significance of the 3Rs (recycle, reuse, reduce) approach in the construction sector. The study uses advanced techniques like the Taguchi method, grey relational analysis (GRA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and signal-noise ratio (SNR) to optimize parameters affecting the performance of SC. In this study, the properties of SC are assessed by considering various parameters. These parameters include the use of 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a replacement for fly ash (FA). Additionally, six different binder contents ranging from 300 kg/m3 to 600 kg/m3 are examined. The study also investigates three different molarities of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (8 M, 12 M, and 16 M), three different ratios of alkaline activators (AA) (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5), three different AA to-binder ratios (0.30, 0.35, and 0.40), and curing temperature (CT) of 30 °C, 60 °C, and 90 °C. The study includes fresh properties such as fresh density (FD) and slump, mechanical properties such as tensile strength (TS), flexural strength (FS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and compressive strength (CS), and durability studies such as dry density (DD), impact strength, water absorption (WA), and sorptivity. The blended proportions were obtained using the Taguchi method. The study shows that GGBFS accelerates geopolymerization in FA-based concrete, reducing setting time and early-age CS. FA is crucial for setting time, workability, and CS enhancement. GGBFS increases the densities of fresh and hardened concrete, with a highly correlated increase, allowing accurate hardened density prediction with a coefficient of 0.9057. The CS of the cube SC surpassed 40 MPa, irrespective of variables such as the AA ratio, CT, and NaOH molarity. The trail mix with a binder concentration of 600 kg/m3, 30 % GGBFS content, 12 M NaOH molarity, 1.5 AA ratio, 0.35 AA to binder ratio, and 90 °C CT exhibited the greatest strength. Mixtures containing 10 % GGBFS can attain a CS above 30 MPa after 28 days, making them suitable for structural purposes. The T18 mix exhibited a compact Calcium (alumino) silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) and N-A-S-H gel, whereas the T3 mix displayed a varied and permeable structure. The study used GRA, ANOVA, and SNR methods to analyze properties varying by six variables, finding GGBFS content as the most influencing parameter. The study found that the SC had a lower sustainability score than the OPC mix, but had better energy efficiency.
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Hegde R, Anand N, Satheesh SK, Krishna Moorthy K. Modeling the atmospheric refractive index structure parameter using macrometeorological observations. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:E10-E17. [PMID: 38856587 DOI: 10.1364/ao.519025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic fluctuations in the atmospheric refractive index, commonly referred to as optical turbulence, cause phase distortions of the electromagnetic waves propagating through the atmosphere. The consequent scintillations have large implications for free-space optical communication, laser remote sensing, and directed energy applications. The refractive index structure parameter (C n2), quantifying the strength of these fluctuations, is usually estimated using high-frequency micrometeorological measurements, employing sonic anemometer-thermometers or scintillometers. Despite providing highly accurate information, these systems are immensely complex and costly, especially for frequent field applications and remote locations. In this study, we have developed an empirical multinomial model for estimating C n2 using three-year macrometeorological data and validated it against collocated and concurrent micrometeorological measurements, from a tropical semi-arid location. This simpler model would be handy for applications in remote locations having weather station measurements alone.
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Anand N, Palani SG. A comprehensive investigation of toxicity and pollution potential of municipal solid waste landfill leachate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155891. [PMID: 35568169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is evident from the literature that research on the treatment of leachate generated from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills has been a focus area of environmental management. However, the available information is discrete because most studies have reported only one or a couple of aspects of either closed or active MSW landfill leachate treatment. Hence, this investigation has focused on comprehensive attributes of both closed landfill leachate (CLL) and active landfill leachate (ALL), including generation, characterisation, and toxicity assessment to quantify and establish their pollution potential. The results indicated that CLL generation is higher (188.59 m3/d) than ALL (49.53 m3/d). The concentrations of principal physical, chemical, and biological constituents and concomitant leachate pollution index were higher in CLL (33.20) than in ALL (26.65). Furthermore, the germination indices of CLL (57.48) and ALL (79.14) and tail DNA damage of CLL (56.49%) and ALL (23.8%) ratified greater phytotoxicity and genotoxicity potential, respectively of CLL over ALL. The reasons for the variations in the generation, characteristics, and toxicity of CLL and ALL were discussed in detail. Evaluation of the commonly used landfill leachate treatment methods through the analytical hierarchy process confirmed that the activated sludge process and Fenton oxidation process are the most and least preferred treatment methods. The comprehensive investigation of CLL and ALL have established their pollution potential and the inevitable necessity for their treatment. The findings of this investigation will serve as a ready reference for researchers from academia and industry who work on the monitoring, treatment, and management of landfill leachate.
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Diana Andrushia A, Mary Neebha T, Trephena Patricia A, Umadevi S, Anand N, Varshney A. Image-based disease classification in grape leaves using convolutional capsule network. Soft comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-022-07446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nirappel A, Anand N, Del Valle DS, Soneru A. A woman with white deposits in her eye. BMJ 2022; 377:e067966. [PMID: 35710120 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mookkiah I, Singh MV, Bobdey S, Narayan S, Anand N, Maramraj K. Exploring attributes influencing patient satisfaction in a group of hospitals. JOURNAL OF MARINE MEDICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_158_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sunilkumar K, Anand N, Satheesh SK, Krishna Moorthy K, Ilavazhagan G. Radiative effects of atmospheric aerosols on the average channel capacity of free-space optical communication systems. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:9957-9965. [PMID: 34807186 DOI: 10.1364/ao.438520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Free-space optical (FSO) communication systems employ unguided light beams propagating through the atmosphere to carry a large volume of data. The reliability of such data transfer can be hampered by various atmospheric effects. Based on an analytical model of a differential phase-shift keying FSO system through exponentiated Weibull turbulence, we investigate the effectiveness of beam width optimization and improved beam alignment, along with aperture averaging on the average channel capacity. Our results show significant signal deterioration produced due to the aerosol-induced optical turbulence, which substantially shadows the performance gain achieved through beam width optimization. Strong aerosol-induced atmospheric heating and the consequent enhanced optical scintillations result in reduction of the channel capacity by as much as 50% of its value when these effects are not considered or negligible. FSO systems are more resilient to aerosol-induced optical turbulence when the normalized beam width is less, and the average channel capacity can be significantly improved by improved beam alignment. These variations are weakly dependent under poor transmitter-receiver alignment conditions. Furthermore, the receiver aperture has a strong control on the link performance. While FSO systems with higher magnitude of normalized beam width have improved performance under all aperture diameter conditions; for a given beam configuration, large aperture diameter ensures a significant improvement in the link performance due to reduction in effects of scintillations.
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Sunilkumar K, Anand N, Satheesh SK, Krishna Moorthy K, Ilavazhagan G. Enhanced optical pulse broadening in free-space optical links due to the radiative effects of atmospheric aerosols. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:865-876. [PMID: 33726313 DOI: 10.1364/oe.409794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Propagation through turbulent media produces complex amplitude fluctuations and temporal spreading of narrow optical pulses. Light-absorbing aerosols present in the atmospheric transmission path will perturb the refractive index structure parameter (Cn2) through atmospheric heating. The consequent enhancement in broadening and attenuation of ultrashort (femtosecond) optical pulses has been calculated by combining multi-satellite observations, radiosonde profiles and computational radiative transfer. It is shown that narrower optical pulses are more vulnerable to aerosol-induced impairments while broader pulses are more resilient, notwithstanding three to four orders of enhanced optical scintillation.
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Anand N, Verma V, Sharma A. Effect of submarine microclimate on respiratory physiology of submariners: An observational study. JOURNAL OF MARINE MEDICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_13_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Anand N, Soman B, Prakash M. Epidemiological profiling of fatal road crashes in Puducherry, South Coastal India. Indian J Public Health 2021; 65:203-205. [PMID: 34135193 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1436_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Road crash fatalities form leading cause of deaths in India. Streamlining road crash data systems are essential for building robust prevention strategies. This study explores epidemiological profile of fatal road crashes in a south Indian urban setting. Between April and June 2019, secondary data on fatal road crashes in Puducherry district for 3-year period (2016, 2017, and 2018) were accessed from traffic police records and analyzed. Raw data accessed in descriptive format was converted to analyzable objective format by self-developed data extraction template. 154 fatal crashes happened in Puducherry during this period. Most victims were males (85.7%), in productive age group (41.5%), with higher rates in monsoon and winter seasons (35.1% each), during evening-to-night hours (41.6%), and during weekends (42%). Most offenders (91.2%) were men, elder than victims, with heavy motor vehicles (91.2%) being the culprit vehicle. Rash driving led to most deaths (53.2%).
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Anand N, Klug E, Nirappel A, Solá-Del Valle D. A Review of Cyclodestructive Procedures for the Treatment of Glaucoma. Semin Ophthalmol 2020; 35:261-275. [DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2020.1810711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Anand N, Sunilkumar K, Satheesh SK, Krishna Moorthy K. Entanglement of near-surface optical turbulence to atmospheric boundary layer dynamics and particulate concentration: implications for optical wireless communication systems. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:1471-1483. [PMID: 32225406 DOI: 10.1364/ao.381737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Localized reduction in optical turbulence due to enhanced atmospheric heating caused by the solar absorption of aerosol black carbon (BC) is reported. Immediate response of atmospheric turbulence to BC-induced atmospheric warming strongly depends on the available solar radiation (time of the day), BC concentration, and atmospheric boundary layer dynamics. Besides the significant climate implications of a reduction in turbulence kinetic energy, a large reduction in the refractive index structure parameter (Cn2) resulting from BC-induced warming would affect the atmospheric propagation of laser beams. Interestingly, aerosols contribute significantly (up to 25%) to the signal deterioration in optical wireless communication systems during convectively stable atmospheric conditions when higher signal-to-noise ratios are expected otherwise due to the reduced thermal convection. Competing effects of the fractional contributions of aerosol extinction and scintillations on beam attenuation are reported; daytime being largely dominated by scintillation effects while the nighttime being dependent on the ambient aerosol concentration as well. We put forward the entanglement of optical turbulence to aerosol concentration, atmospheric boundary layer dynamics, and surface-reaching solar radiation, and discuss the possible implications for optical propagation.
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Sinha P, Sandhu S, Bhatia J, Anand N, Yadav A. Analysis of the utility of direct immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of common immune mediated dermatological conditions. JOURNAL OF MARINE MEDICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_15_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Anand N, Reidy JJ, Riaz KM. Short-term regression of corneal neovascularization with combination therapy of argon green laser photocoagulation and subconjunctival bevacizumab. Int Med Case Rep J 2019; 12:89-92. [PMID: 31114395 PMCID: PMC6489666 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s195990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a 49 year-old male with history of corneal neovascularization secondary to herpes zoster keratitis that clinically and subjectively improved for approximately 4 months after treatment with argon laser photocoagulation to feeder vessels and subconjunctival bevacizumab. This is the first report in the literature that describes this novel combination treatment for corneal neovascularization in the setting of varicella-zoster virus and discusses its efficacy.
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Bharati SL, Sarma C, Hazarika PJ, Chaurasia PK, Anand N, Yadava S. Novel Mn(III) Porphyrins and Prospects of Their Application in Catalysis. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023619030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wheless L, Wang L, Edwards L, Anand N, Birdwell K, Hanlon A, Chren M. 280 Validation of algorithms to identify transplant recipients from the electronic health record. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sunilkumar K, Anand N, Satheesh SK, Krishna Moorthy K, Ilavazhagan G. Performance of free-space optical communication systems: effect of aerosol-induced lower atmospheric warming. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:11303-11311. [PMID: 31052976 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.011303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the effect of aerosol-induced local atmospheric heating and the resulting changes in the lower atmospheric optical turbulence on the performance of Free-Space Optical (FSO) communication links. A closed form mathematical expression is derived to estimate the influence of aerosol-induced warming on the Bit Error Rate (BER) of a Binary Phase Shift Keying FSO communication link through Gamma-Gamma modeled turbulence. Our results demonstrate a strong impact, with the aerosol-induced turbulence taking a toll on the signal-to-noise ratio of ~20 dB for a BER of 10-9. Aerosol-induced warming produces significant variations in BER compared to the clear atmospheric conditions and can subdue the benefits of improved beam alignment.
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Anand N, Blair MP, Greenwald MJ, Rodriguez SH. Refractive outcomes comparing primary laser to primary bevacizumab with delayed laser for type 1 ROP. J AAPOS 2019; 23:88.e1-88.e6. [PMID: 30797978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the refractive outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and delayed peripheral retinal photocoagulation (PRP) with primary PRP in infants treated for posterior type 1 ROP. METHODS The medical records of 87 infants at a tertiary referral center treated for posterior type 1 ROP between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Consecutive infants received primary PRP before and primary IVB after a change in treatment practice implemented in early 2011. In most cases primary IVB was supplemented with prophylactic laser treatment after 60 weeks' PMA (IVB-PRP). The main outcome was spherical equivalent (SE) in diopters, determined by cycloplegic refraction between 2 and 4 years. Infants treated with IVB-PRP were also compared to the those who received only IVB as monotherapy. RESULTS The final analysis included 34 eyes of 19 infants in the primary PRP group and 40 eyes of 21 infants in the IVB-PRP group. Mean SE was -7.4 ± 5.2 D in the primary PRP group and -0.16 ± 2.2 D in the IVB-PRP group (P < 0.001). This relationship persisted after stratification by zone of ROP and the presence of aggressive posterior ROP. There was no statistically significant difference in mean SE between the IVB-PRP group and the 8 eyes of 4 infants who received IVB as monotherapy. Of 46 infants who received primary IVB, 37 completed an examination under anesthesia after 60 weeks' PMA. In these patients, 70% of eyes showed peripheral vascular leakage on fluorescein angiography. CONCLUSIONS In our study cohort, infants treated with IVB-PRP were significantly less myopic than those treated with primary PRP. Delayed laser after 60 weeks' PMA, in hopes of reducing the risk of late reactivation with retinal detachment, did not negate the refractive benefits of primary IVB.
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Fatima A, Shastri P, Ali R, Kashyap S, Abellard A, Chinni S, Anand N, Mataria M. DIFFUSE ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE: A RARE CASE OF PULMONARY RENAL SYNDROME IN THE BACKGROUND OF SEROPOSITIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Chest 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.02.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Fatima A, Anand N, Chinni S, Ali R, Rachid M, Krikorian A. AN ANALYSIS OF NATIONWIDE ASTHMA MORBIDITY BURDEN WITH CORRELATION OF PULMONOLOGIST DISTRIBUTION ACROSS THE US. Chest 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.02.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Bobdey S, Narayan S, Ilankumaran M, Vishwanath G, Singh MV, Sinha AK, Anand N, Maramraj K. Telemedicine: A force multiplier of combat medical care in the Indian Navy. JOURNAL OF MARINE MEDICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_55_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Anand N, Sunilkumar K, Satheesh SK, Moorthy KK. Distinctive roles of elevated absorbing aerosol layers on free-space optical communication systems. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:7152-7158. [PMID: 30182974 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.007152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of enhanced local heating due to absorption of solar radiation by elevated layers of aerosol black carbon (BC) in the lower troposphere in the performance of free-space optical (FSO) communication links is investigated. It is seen that a strong elevated BC layer at an altitude around 4.5 km enhances the atmospheric stability locally and leads to a large reduction in the atmospheric refractive index structure parameter (Cn2), leading to improved performance of the FSO communication links. For layers in the tropical atmosphere with sufficiently high BC concentration, the signal attenuation due to BC absorption is alleviated by the large reduction in Cn2 due to BC-induced warming and brings down the link outage probability. Synergy between reduction in Cn2 and long wavelength transmission improves the link budget significantly by reducing the beam wander and number of adaptive optics units required.
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Walkden A, Huxtable J, Senior M, Lee H, Naylor S, Turner S, Ivanova K, Koppens J, Todd B, Macleod A, Sii F, Anand N, Shah P, King A, Broadway DC, Kirwan JF, McNaught A, Bhan-Bhargava A. Trabeculectomy training in England: are we safe at training? Two year surgical outcomes. Eye (Lond) 2018. [PMID: 29527013 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To define the safety profile of trainee trabeculectomy surgery in the United Kingdom. Surgical exposure for trainees in England is limited due to service requirements, the European working time directive constraints and increasing sub-specialisation of glaucoma surgery. Limited knowledge exists on the outcomes of supervised glaucoma surgery. The aim is to determine the safety of supervised trabeculectomy surgery performed by trainee ophthalmologists. METHODS Retrospective case note review of all patients that had trabeculectomy surgery with MMC by consultant and trainee surgeons across multiple UK centres. All eyes have 2-year follow up. Success was determined using WGA guidelines. Two-tailed p values were obtained using Fisher's exact test to ascertain statistical significance between groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES intraocular pressure, visual acuity, success and failure rates. RESULTS 324 eyes were reviewed. 211 (66.4%) cases were performed by glaucoma consultants, 107(33.6%) by trainee ophthalmologists. The majority of eyes in each group were undergoing surgery for POAG. Post-operative IOP control showed no significant difference between consultant and trainee groups at year 1 and year 2. Success rates showed no significant difference between consultant and trainee cases. Failure rates at year 1 showed a significant difference between the two groups. No significant difference was seen at year 2. The trainee group had significantly more complications, when compared with the consultant group. Snellen visual acuity loss was not statistically significant between the two groups at the 2 year time point. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes of supervised trainee trabeculectomy compare favourably with consultant cases after 2 year follow up. Trainee cases had higher complication rates than consultant cases. Bleb leaks are a common complication of trainee cases, where closer supervision may be required. There is potential for surgical simulation to help increase the success of such cases. These findings may encourage trainee participation in glaucoma surgery.
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Anand N. Glaucoma Drainage Device (tube) surgery - what I learned from my first 20 cases. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Anand N, Satheesh SK, Krishna Moorthy K. Dependence of atmospheric refractive index structure parameter (Cn2) on the residence time and vertical distribution of aerosols. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2714-2717. [PMID: 28708151 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effects of absorbing atmospheric aerosols in modulating the tropospheric refractive index structure parameter (Cn2) are estimated using high resolution radiosonde and multi-satellite data along with a radiative transfer model. We report the influence of variations in residence time and vertical distribution of aerosols in modulating Cn2 and why the aerosol induced atmospheric heating needs to be considered while estimating a free space optical communication link budget. The results show that performance of the link is seriously affected if large concentrations of absorbing aerosols reside for a long time in the atmospheric path.
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