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Oyarzún-Ruiz P, Thomas R, Santodomingo A, Zamorano-Uribe M, Moroni M, Moreno L, Muñoz-Leal S, Flores V, Brant S. Systematics and life cycles of four avian schistosomatids from Southern Cone of South America. J Helminthol 2024; 98:e47. [PMID: 38828707 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x2400035x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Relative to the numerous studies focused on mammalian schistosomes, fewer include avian schistosomatids particularly in the southern hemisphere. This is changing and current research emerging from the Neotropics shows a remarkable diversity of endemic taxa. To contribute to this effort, nine ducks (Spatula cyanoptera, S.versicolor, Netta peposaca), 12 swans (Cygnus melancoryphus) and 1,400 Physa spp. snails from Chile and Argentina were collected for adults and larval schistosomatids, respectively. Isolated schistosomatids were preserved for morphological and molecular analyses (28S and COI genes). Four different schistosomatid taxa were retrieved from birds: Trichobilharzia sp. in N. peposaca and S. cyanoptera that formed a clade; S.cyanoptera and S. versicolor hosted Trichobilharzia querquedulae; Cygnus melancoryphus hosted the nasal schistosomatid, Nasusbilharzia melancorhypha; and one visceral, Schistosomatidae gen. sp., which formed a clade with furcocercariae from Argentina and Chile from previous work. Of the physid snails, only one from Argentina had schistosomatid furcocercariae that based on molecular analyses grouped with T. querquedulae. This study represents the first description of adult schistosomatids from Chile as well as the elucidation of the life cycles of N.melancorhypha and T. querquedulae in Chile and Neotropics, respectively. Without well-preserved adults, the putative new genus Schistosomatidae gen. sp. could not be described, but its life cycle involves Chilina spp. and C. melancoryphus. Scanning electron microscopy of T. querquedulae revealed additional, undescribed morphological traits, highlighting its diagnostic importance. Authors stress the need for additional surveys of avian schistosomatids from the Neotropics to better understand their evolutionary history.
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Walter N, Doppelbauer M, Schaller S, Liu X, Thomas R, Wright S, Sartakov BG, Meijer G. Triplet Rydberg States of Aluminum Monofluoride. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2752-2762. [PMID: 38551124 PMCID: PMC11017311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum monofluoride (AlF) is a suitable molecule for laser cooling and trapping. Such experiments require extensive spectroscopic characterization of the electronic structure. Two of the theoretically predicted higher-lying triplet states of AlF, the counterparts of the well-characterized D1Δ and E1Π states, had not been experimentally identified yet. We here report on the characterization of the d3Π (v = 0-6) and e3Δ (v = 0-2) states, confirming the predicted energetic ordering of these states (J. Chem. Phys. 1988, 88, 5715-5725), as well as of the f3Σ+ (v = 0-2) state. The transition intensity of the d3Π, v = 3 - a3Π, v = 3 band is negligibly small. This band gets its weak, unexpected rotational structure via intensity borrowing from the nearby e3Δ, v = 2 - a3Π, v = 3 band, made possible via spin-orbit and spin-rotation interaction between the d3Π and e3Δ states. This interaction affects the equilibrium rotational constants in both states; their deperturbed values yield equilibrium internuclear distances that are consistent with the observations. We determined the ionization potential of AlF to be 78,492(1) cm-1 by ionization from the d3Π state.
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Thomas R, Wicks S, Dale M, Toose C, Pacey V. Cutaneous functional units prediction in outcomes of early and intensive splinting following palmar burn injury in young children: a prospective study. Burns 2024; 50:717-729. [PMID: 38184424 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palmar burn injuries are common in young children and can result in contracture. METHODS A prospective longitudinal study describes outcomes of palm and digit extension splint use following burn in 75 children (83 hands) aged < 5 years and determines whether specific cutaneous functional units (CFUs) are associated with early signs of contracture (ESC). Outcomes were assessed up to 9-18 months following burn. Routine clinical data was collected at therapy reviews. RESULTS Children were splinted > 12 h/day for a mean of 158 days following burn. The mean time to splint cessation was 264 days following burn. Fourteen hands developed ESC (17%): 12 hands had full ROM restored following conservative management, 2 hands (3%) progressed to contracture. Hands that developed ESC had greater healing time (p = 0.002), greater number of CFUs affected (p < 0.001), and greater number of immediate first webspace and extended first webspace CFUs affected (p = 0.002, p < 0.001 respectively). ESC risk increases for each day to heal (odds ratio [OR] 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2) and each CFU in extended first webspace (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.5-5.0). CONCLUSION Early and intensive splinting following palmar burn results in excellent ROM. Burns involving more CFUs or the first webspace are associated with ESC.
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Abu-Shawareb H, Acree R, Adams P, Adams J, Addis B, Aden R, Adrian P, Afeyan BB, Aggleton M, Aghaian L, Aguirre A, Aikens D, Akre J, Albert F, Albrecht M, Albright BJ, Albritton J, Alcala J, Alday C, Alessi DA, Alexander N, Alfonso J, Alfonso N, Alger E, Ali SJ, Ali ZA, Allen A, Alley WE, Amala P, Amendt PA, Amick P, Ammula S, Amorin C, Ampleford DJ, Anderson RW, Anklam T, Antipa N, Appelbe B, Aracne-Ruddle C, Araya E, Archuleta TN, Arend M, Arnold P, Arnold T, Arsenlis A, Asay J, Atherton LJ, Atkinson D, Atkinson R, Auerbach JM, Austin B, Auyang L, Awwal AAS, Aybar N, Ayers J, Ayers S, Ayers T, Azevedo S, Bachmann B, Back CA, Bae J, Bailey DS, Bailey J, Baisden T, Baker KL, Baldis H, Barber D, Barberis M, Barker D, Barnes A, Barnes CW, Barrios MA, Barty C, Bass I, Batha SH, Baxamusa SH, Bazan G, Beagle JK, Beale R, Beck BR, Beck JB, Bedzyk M, Beeler RG, Beeler RG, Behrendt W, Belk L, Bell P, Belyaev M, Benage JF, Bennett G, Benedetti LR, Benedict LX, Berger RL, Bernat T, Bernstein LA, Berry B, Bertolini L, Besenbruch G, Betcher J, Bettenhausen R, Betti R, Bezzerides B, Bhandarkar SD, Bickel R, Biener J, Biesiada T, Bigelow K, Bigelow-Granillo J, Bigman V, Bionta RM, Birge NW, Bitter M, Black AC, Bleile R, Bleuel DL, Bliss E, Bliss E, Blue B, Boehly T, Boehm K, Boley CD, Bonanno R, Bond EJ, Bond T, Bonino MJ, Borden M, Bourgade JL, Bousquet J, Bowers J, Bowers M, Boyd R, Boyle D, Bozek A, Bradley DK, Bradley KS, Bradley PA, Bradley L, Brannon L, Brantley PS, Braun D, Braun T, Brienza-Larsen K, Briggs R, Briggs TM, Britten J, Brooks ED, Browning D, Bruhn MW, Brunner TA, Bruns H, Brunton G, Bryant B, Buczek T, Bude J, Buitano L, Burkhart S, Burmark J, Burnham A, Burr R, Busby LE, Butlin B, Cabeltis R, Cable M, Cabot WH, Cagadas B, Caggiano J, Cahayag R, Caldwell SE, Calkins S, Callahan DA, Calleja-Aguirre J, Camara L, Camp D, Campbell EM, Campbell JH, Carey B, Carey R, Carlisle K, Carlson L, Carman L, Carmichael J, Carpenter A, Carr C, Carrera JA, Casavant D, Casey A, Casey DT, Castillo A, Castillo E, Castor JI, Castro C, Caughey W, Cavitt R, Celeste J, Celliers PM, Cerjan C, Chandler G, Chang B, Chang C, Chang J, Chang L, Chapman R, Chapman TD, Chase L, Chen H, Chen H, Chen K, Chen LY, Cheng B, Chittenden J, Choate C, Chou J, Chrien RE, Chrisp M, Christensen K, Christensen M, Christiansen NS, Christopherson AR, Chung M, Church JA, Clark A, Clark DS, Clark K, Clark R, Claus L, Cline B, Cline JA, Cobble JA, Cochrane K, Cohen B, Cohen S, Collette MR, Collins GW, Collins LA, Collins TJB, Conder A, Conrad B, Conyers M, Cook AW, Cook D, Cook R, Cooley JC, Cooper G, Cope T, Copeland SR, Coppari F, Cortez J, Cox J, Crandall DH, Crane J, Craxton RS, Cray M, Crilly A, Crippen JW, Cross D, Cuneo M, Cuotts G, Czajka CE, Czechowicz D, Daly T, Danforth P, Danly C, Darbee R, Darlington B, Datte P, Dauffy L, Davalos G, Davidovits S, Davis P, Davis J, Dawson S, Day RD, Day TH, Dayton M, Deck C, Decker C, Deeney C, DeFriend KA, Deis G, Delamater ND, Delettrez JA, Demaret R, Demos S, Dempsey SM, Desjardin R, Desjardins T, Desjarlais MP, Dewald EL, DeYoreo J, Diaz S, Dimonte G, Dittrich TR, Divol L, Dixit SN, Dixon J, Do A, Dodd ES, Dolan D, Donovan A, Donovan M, Döppner T, Dorrer C, Dorsano N, Douglas MR, Dow D, Downie J, Downing E, Dozieres M, Draggoo V, Drake D, Drake RP, Drake T, Dreifuerst G, Drury O, DuBois DF, DuBois PF, Dunham G, Durocher M, Dylla-Spears R, Dymoke-Bradshaw AKL, Dzenitis B, Ebbers C, Eckart M, Eddinger S, Eder D, Edgell D, Edwards MJ, Efthimion P, Eggert JH, Ehrlich B, Ehrmann P, Elhadj S, Ellerbee C, Elliott NS, Ellison CL, Elsner F, Emerich M, Engelhorn K, England T, English E, Epperson P, Epstein R, Erbert G, Erickson MA, Erskine DJ, Erlandson A, Espinosa RJ, Estes C, Estabrook KG, Evans S, Fabyan A, Fair J, Fallejo R, Farmer N, Farmer WA, Farrell M, Fatherley VE, Fedorov M, Feigenbaum E, Fehrenbach T, Feit M, Felker B, Ferguson W, Fernandez JC, Fernandez-Panella A, Fess S, Field JE, Filip CV, Fincke JR, Finn T, Finnegan SM, Finucane RG, Fischer M, Fisher A, Fisher J, Fishler B, Fittinghoff D, Fitzsimmons P, Flegel M, Flippo KA, Florio J, Folta J, Folta P, Foreman LR, Forrest C, Forsman A, Fooks J, Foord M, Fortner R, Fournier K, Fratanduono DE, Frazier N, Frazier T, Frederick C, Freeman MS, Frenje J, Frey D, Frieders G, Friedrich S, Froula DH, Fry J, Fuller T, Gaffney J, Gales S, Le Galloudec B, Le Galloudec KK, Gambhir A, Gao L, Garbett WJ, Garcia A, Gates C, Gaut E, Gauthier P, Gavin Z, Gaylord J, Geddes CGR, Geissel M, Génin F, Georgeson J, Geppert-Kleinrath H, Geppert-Kleinrath V, Gharibyan N, Gibson J, Gibson C, Giraldez E, Glebov V, Glendinning SG, Glenn S, Glenzer SH, Goade S, Gobby PL, Goldman SR, Golick B, Gomez M, Goncharov V, Goodin D, Grabowski P, Grafil E, Graham P, Grandy J, Grasz E, Graziani FR, Greenman G, Greenough JA, Greenwood A, Gregori G, Green T, Griego JR, Grim GP, Grondalski J, Gross S, Guckian J, Guler N, Gunney B, Guss G, Haan S, Hackbarth J, Hackel L, Hackel R, Haefner C, Hagmann C, Hahn KD, Hahn S, Haid BJ, Haines BM, Hall BM, Hall C, Hall GN, Hamamoto M, Hamel S, Hamilton CE, Hammel BA, Hammer JH, Hampton G, Hamza A, Handler A, Hansen S, Hanson D, Haque R, Harding D, Harding E, Hares JD, Harris DB, Harte JA, Hartouni EP, Hatarik R, Hatchett S, Hauer AA, Havre M, Hawley R, Hayes J, Hayes J, Hayes S, Hayes-Sterbenz A, Haynam CA, Haynes DA, Headley D, Heal A, Heebner JE, Heerey S, Heestand GM, Heeter R, Hein N, Heinbockel C, Hendricks C, Henesian M, Heninger J, Henrikson J, Henry EA, Herbold EB, Hermann MR, Hermes G, Hernandez JE, Hernandez VJ, Herrmann MC, Herrmann HW, Herrera OD, Hewett D, Hibbard R, Hicks DG, Higginson DP, Hill D, Hill K, Hilsabeck T, Hinkel DE, Ho DD, Ho VK, Hoffer JK, Hoffman NM, Hohenberger M, Hohensee M, Hoke W, Holdener D, Holdener F, Holder JP, Holko B, Holunga D, Holzrichter JF, Honig J, Hoover D, Hopkins D, Berzak Hopkins LF, Hoppe M, Hoppe ML, Horner J, Hornung R, Horsfield CJ, Horvath J, Hotaling D, House R, Howell L, Hsing WW, Hu SX, Huang H, Huckins J, Hui H, Humbird KD, Hund J, Hunt J, Hurricane OA, Hutton M, Huynh KHK, Inandan L, Iglesias C, Igumenshchev IV, Ivanovich I, Izumi N, Jackson M, Jackson J, Jacobs SD, James G, Jancaitis K, Jarboe J, Jarrott LC, Jasion D, Jaquez J, Jeet J, Jenei AE, Jensen J, Jimenez J, Jimenez R, Jobe D, Johal Z, Johns HM, Johnson D, Johnson MA, Gatu Johnson M, Johnson RJ, Johnson S, Johnson SA, Johnson T, Jones K, Jones O, Jones M, Jorge R, Jorgenson HJ, Julian M, Jun BI, Jungquist R, Kaae J, Kabadi N, Kaczala D, Kalantar D, Kangas K, Karasiev VV, Karasik M, Karpenko V, Kasarky A, Kasper K, Kauffman R, Kaufman MI, Keane C, Keaty L, Kegelmeyer L, Keiter PA, Kellett PA, Kellogg J, Kelly JH, Kemic S, Kemp AJ, Kemp GE, Kerbel GD, Kershaw D, Kerr SM, Kessler TJ, Key MH, Khan SF, Khater H, Kiikka C, Kilkenny J, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Kimko J, Kimmel M, Kindel JM, King J, Kirkwood RK, Klaus L, Klem D, Kline JL, Klingmann J, Kluth G, Knapp P, Knauer J, Knipping J, Knudson M, Kobs D, Koch J, Kohut T, Kong C, Koning JM, Koning P, Konior S, Kornblum H, Kot LB, Kozioziemski B, Kozlowski M, Kozlowski PM, Krammen J, Krasheninnikova NS, Krauland CM, Kraus B, Krauser W, Kress JD, Kritcher AL, Krieger E, Kroll JJ, Kruer WL, Kruse MKG, Kucheyev S, Kumbera M, Kumpan S, Kunimune J, Kur E, Kustowski B, Kwan TJT, Kyrala GA, Laffite S, Lafon M, LaFortune K, Lagin L, Lahmann B, Lairson B, Landen OL, Land T, Lane M, Laney D, Langdon AB, Langenbrunner J, Langer SH, Langro A, Lanier NE, Lanier TE, Larson D, Lasinski BF, Lassle D, LaTray D, Lau G, Lau N, Laumann C, Laurence A, Laurence TA, Lawson J, Le HP, Leach RR, Leal L, Leatherland A, LeChien K, Lechleiter B, Lee A, Lee M, Lee T, Leeper RJ, Lefebvre E, Leidinger JP, LeMire B, Lemke RW, Lemos NC, Le Pape S, Lerche R, Lerner S, Letts S, Levedahl K, Lewis T, Li CK, Li H, Li J, Liao W, Liao ZM, Liedahl D, Liebman J, Lindford G, Lindman EL, Lindl JD, Loey H, London RA, Long F, Loomis EN, Lopez FE, Lopez H, Losbanos E, Loucks S, Lowe-Webb R, Lundgren E, Ludwigsen AP, Luo R, Lusk J, Lyons R, Ma T, Macallop Y, MacDonald MJ, MacGowan BJ, Mack JM, Mackinnon AJ, MacLaren SA, MacPhee AG, Magelssen GR, Magoon J, Malone RM, Malsbury T, Managan R, Mancini R, Manes K, Maney D, Manha D, Mannion OM, Manuel AM, Manuel MJE, Mapoles E, Mara G, Marcotte T, Marin E, Marinak MM, Mariscal DA, Mariscal EF, Marley EV, Marozas JA, Marquez R, Marshall CD, Marshall FJ, Marshall M, Marshall S, Marticorena J, Martinez JI, Martinez D, Maslennikov I, Mason D, Mason RJ, Masse L, Massey W, Masson-Laborde PE, Masters ND, Mathisen D, Mathison E, Matone J, Matthews MJ, Mattoon C, Mattsson TR, Matzen K, Mauche CW, Mauldin M, McAbee T, McBurney M, Mccarville T, McCrory RL, McEvoy AM, McGuffey C, Mcinnis M, McKenty P, McKinley MS, McLeod JB, McPherson A, Mcquillan B, Meamber M, Meaney KD, Meezan NB, Meissner R, Mehlhorn TA, Mehta NC, Menapace J, Merrill FE, Merritt BT, Merritt EC, Meyerhofer DD, Mezyk S, Mich RJ, Michel PA, Milam D, Miller C, Miller D, Miller DS, Miller E, Miller EK, Miller J, Miller M, Miller PE, Miller T, Miller W, Miller-Kamm V, Millot M, Milovich JL, Minner P, Miquel JL, Mitchell S, Molvig K, Montesanti RC, Montgomery DS, Monticelli M, Montoya A, Moody JD, Moore AS, Moore E, Moran M, Moreno JC, Moreno K, Morgan BE, Morrow T, Morton JW, Moses E, Moy K, Muir R, Murillo MS, Murray JE, Murray JR, Munro DH, Murphy TJ, Munteanu FM, Nafziger J, Nagayama T, Nagel SR, Nast R, Negres RA, Nelson A, Nelson D, Nelson J, Nelson S, Nemethy S, Neumayer P, Newman K, Newton M, Nguyen H, Di Nicola JMG, Di Nicola P, Niemann C, Nikroo A, Nilson PM, Nobile A, Noorai V, Nora RC, Norton M, Nostrand M, Note V, Novell S, Nowak PF, Nunez A, Nyholm RA, O'Brien M, Oceguera A, Oertel JA, Oesterle AL, Okui J, Olejniczak B, Oliveira J, Olsen P, Olson B, Olson K, Olson RE, Opachich YP, Orsi N, Orth CD, Owen M, Padalino S, Padilla E, Paguio R, Paguio S, Paisner J, Pajoom S, Pak A, Palaniyappan S, Palma K, Pannell T, Papp F, Paras D, Parham T, Park HS, Pasternak A, Patankar S, Patel MV, Patel PK, Patterson R, Patterson S, Paul B, Paul M, Pauli E, Pearce OT, Pearcy J, Pedretti A, Pedrotti B, Peer A, Pelz LJ, Penetrante B, Penner J, Perez A, Perkins LJ, Pernice E, Perry TS, Person S, Petersen D, Petersen T, Peterson DL, Peterson EB, Peterson JE, Peterson JL, Peterson K, Peterson RR, Petrasso RD, Philippe F, Phillion D, Phipps TJ, Piceno E, Pickworth L, Ping Y, Pino J, Piston K, Plummer R, Pollack GD, Pollaine SM, Pollock BB, Ponce D, Ponce J, Pontelandolfo J, Porter JL, Post J, Poujade O, Powell C, Powell H, Power G, Pozulp M, Prantil M, Prasad M, Pratuch S, Price S, Primdahl K, Prisbrey S, Procassini R, Pruyne A, Pudliner B, Qiu SR, Quan K, Quinn M, Quintenz J, Radha PB, Rainer F, Ralph JE, Raman KS, Raman R, Rambo PW, Rana S, Randewich A, Rardin D, Ratledge M, Ravelo N, Ravizza F, Rayce M, Raymond A, Raymond B, Reed B, Reed C, Regan S, Reichelt B, Reis V, Reisdorf S, Rekow V, Remington BA, Rendon A, Requieron W, Rever M, Reynolds H, Reynolds J, Rhodes J, Rhodes M, Richardson MC, Rice B, Rice NG, Rieben R, Rigatti A, Riggs S, Rinderknecht HG, Ring K, Riordan B, Riquier R, Rivers C, Roberts D, Roberts V, Robertson G, Robey HF, Robles J, Rocha P, Rochau G, Rodriguez J, Rodriguez S, Rosen MD, Rosenberg M, Ross G, Ross JS, Ross P, Rouse J, Rovang D, Rubenchik AM, Rubery MS, Ruiz CL, Rushford M, Russ B, Rygg JR, Ryujin BS, Sacks RA, Sacks RF, Saito K, Salmon T, Salmonson JD, Sanchez J, Samuelson S, Sanchez M, Sangster C, Saroyan A, Sater J, Satsangi A, Sauers S, Saunders R, Sauppe JP, Sawicki R, Sayre D, Scanlan M, Schaffers K, Schappert GT, Schiaffino S, Schlossberg DJ, Schmidt DW, Schmit PF, Smidt JM, Schneider DHG, Schneider MB, Schneider R, Schoff M, Schollmeier M, Schroeder CR, Schrauth SE, Scott HA, Scott I, Scott JM, Scott RHH, Scullard CR, Sedillo T, Seguin FH, Seka W, Senecal J, Sepke SM, Seppala L, Sequoia K, Severyn J, Sevier JM, Sewell N, Seznec S, Shah RC, Shamlian J, Shaughnessy D, Shaw M, Shaw R, Shearer C, Shelton R, Shen N, Sherlock MW, Shestakov AI, Shi EL, Shin SJ, Shingleton N, Shmayda W, Shor M, Shoup M, Shuldberg C, Siegel L, Silva FJ, Simakov AN, Sims BT, Sinars D, Singh P, Sio H, Skulina K, Skupsky S, Slutz S, Sluyter M, Smalyuk VA, Smauley D, Smeltser RM, Smith C, Smith I, Smith J, Smith L, Smith R, Smith R, Schölmerich M, Sohn R, Sommer S, Sorce C, Sorem M, Soures JM, Spaeth ML, Spears BK, Speas S, Speck D, Speck R, Spears J, Spinka T, Springer PT, Stadermann M, Stahl B, Stahoviak J, Stanley J, Stanton LG, Steele R, Steele W, Steinman D, Stemke R, Stephens R, Sterbenz S, Sterne P, Stevens D, Stevers J, Still CH, Stoeckl C, Stoeffl W, Stolken JS, Stolz C, Storm E, Stone G, Stoupin S, Stout E, Stowers I, Strauser R, Streckart H, Streit J, Strozzi DJ, Stutz J, Summers L, Suratwala T, Sutcliffe G, Suter LJ, Sutton SB, Svidzinski V, Swadling G, Sweet W, Szoke A, Tabak M, Takagi M, Tambazidis A, Tang V, Taranowski M, Taylor LA, Telford S, Theobald W, Thi M, Thomas A, Thomas CA, Thomas I, Thomas R, Thompson IJ, Thongstisubskul A, Thorsness CB, Tietbohl G, Tipton RE, Tobin M, Tomlin N, Tommasini R, Toreja AJ, Torres J, Town RPJ, Townsend S, Trenholme J, Trivelpiece A, Trosseille C, Truax H, Trummer D, Trummer S, Truong T, Tubbs D, Tubman ER, Tunnell T, Turnbull D, Turner RE, Ulitsky M, Upadhye R, Vaher JL, VanArsdall P, VanBlarcom D, Vandenboomgaerde M, VanQuinlan R, Van Wonterghem BM, Varnum WS, Velikovich AL, Vella A, Verdon CP, Vermillion B, Vernon S, Vesey R, Vickers J, Vignes RM, Visosky M, Vocke J, Volegov PL, Vonhof S, Von Rotz R, Vu HX, Vu M, Wall D, Wall J, Wallace R, Wallin B, Walmer D, Walsh CA, Walters CF, Waltz C, Wan A, Wang A, Wang Y, Wark JS, Warner BE, Watson J, Watt RG, Watts P, Weaver J, Weaver RP, Weaver S, Weber CR, Weber P, Weber SV, Wegner P, Welday B, Welser-Sherrill L, Weiss K, Wharton KB, Wheeler GF, Whistler W, White RK, Whitley HD, Whitman P, Wickett ME, Widmann K, Widmayer C, Wiedwald J, Wilcox R, Wilcox S, Wild C, Wilde BH, Wilde CH, Wilhelmsen K, Wilke MD, Wilkens H, Wilkins P, Wilks SC, Williams EA, Williams GJ, Williams W, Williams WH, Wilson DC, Wilson B, Wilson E, Wilson R, Winters S, Wisoff PJ, Wittman M, Wolfe J, Wong A, Wong KW, Wong L, Wong N, Wood R, Woodhouse D, Woodruff J, Woods DT, Woods S, Woodworth BN, Wooten E, Wootton A, Work K, Workman JB, Wright J, Wu M, Wuest C, Wysocki FJ, Xu H, Yamaguchi M, Yang B, Yang ST, Yatabe J, Yeamans CB, Yee BC, Yi SA, Yin L, Young B, Young CS, Young CV, Young P, Youngblood K, Yu J, Zacharias R, Zagaris G, Zaitseva N, Zaka F, Ze F, Zeiger B, Zika M, Zimmerman GB, Zobrist T, Zuegel JD, Zylstra AB. Achievement of Target Gain Larger than Unity in an Inertial Fusion Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:065102. [PMID: 38394591 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.065102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
On December 5, 2022, an indirect drive fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) achieved a target gain G_{target} of 1.5. This is the first laboratory demonstration of exceeding "scientific breakeven" (or G_{target}>1) where 2.05 MJ of 351 nm laser light produced 3.1 MJ of total fusion yield, a result which significantly exceeds the Lawson criterion for fusion ignition as reported in a previous NIF implosion [H. Abu-Shawareb et al. (Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.129.075001]. This achievement is the culmination of more than five decades of research and gives proof that laboratory fusion, based on fundamental physics principles, is possible. This Letter reports on the target, laser, design, and experimental advancements that led to this result.
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Stander S, Kim BS, Guillemin I, Rhoten S, Wratten S, Brookes E, O'Malley JT, Bansal A, Msihid J, Thomas R, Bahloul D. Estimating meaningful change thresholds for Skin Pain-Numeric Rating Scale, Sleep-Numeric Rating Scale and Dermatology Life Quality Index in patients with prurigo nodularis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38329222 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prurigo nodularis (PN) is characterized by intensely itchy nodules/lesions and skin pain, which can have a substantial impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Treatment benefits on such symptoms and impacts are best assessed in trials using patient-reported outcome (PROs) instruments such as Skin Pain Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Sleep-NRS and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). However, no guidance exists for interpreting meaningful changes in scores using these PROs in patients with PN. OBJECTIVES The main objective was to derive within-patient (responder definition) and between-group improvement thresholds for interpreting Skin Pain-NRS, Sleep-NRS and DLQI total scores in patients with PN. The measurement properties of the three PROs were also evaluated. METHODS Intention-to-treat (ITT), blinded and pooled data were used from the Phase 3 PRIME (NCT04183335) and PRIME2 (NCT04202679) studies evaluating the efficacy of dupilumab in adult patients with PN. Anchor- and distribution-based methods were applied to derive responder definition and between-group thresholds for Skin Pain-NRS, Sleep-NRS and DLQI. Data were additionally used to examine the instrument measurement properties, including reliability, validity and responsiveness. RESULTS A total of 311 patients (mean age 49.5 years, 65.3% female) were included in the pooled ITT population. The within-patient improvement threshold for Skin Pain-NRS was estimated as 4.0 points, 2.0 points for Sleep-NRS and 9.0 points for DLQI total score. A 1.5-point improvement in Skin Pain-NRS scores, 1.0-point in Sleep-NRS and 4.0-point in DLQI indicated a between-group meaningful change. Adequate to good psychometric properties were demonstrated for all three instruments. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study can aid interpretation of Skin Pain-NRS, Sleep-NRS and DLQI scores in patients with PN in both clinical trials and clinical practice to better understand and treat PN-related skin pain and the impact of PN on sleep quality and HRQoL.
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Thomas R, Dale M, Wicks S, Toose C, Jacques M, Pacey V. Parent perspective of an intensive splinting intervention following palmar burn injury in young children. Burns 2024; 50:146-156. [PMID: 37777455 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents may experience challenges implementing their child's therapeutic treatment following burn. METHODS A mixed methods study was conducted to explore the parent experience of intensive splinting following palmar burns in young children (median age 16 months [IQR 14]). Thirteen parents were interviewed after cessation of their child's splinting (mean 12 months [SD 2] following burn). Parent interviews were semi-structured with open-ended questions and conducted one-to-one. Inductive thematic analysis was completed by two researchers with consensus achieved through discussion and agreement from third researcher. Themes were triangulated with quantitative data, including range of motion (ROM), scar, developmental and quality of life outcomes. RESULTS Children used the splint intensively (>12-24 h/day) for median 179 days (IQR 74) with all splinting ceased by median 275 days (IQR 105). All children had full ROM at scar maturation. Thematic analysis revealed two main themes: parents perceive the impact of splinting to be greater on them than their child and parents perceive outcomes to be more important than burden. Parents described the importance of routine and therapeutic relationships in ongoing engagement with intervention. CONCLUSION Parents consider intensive splinting to impact them more than their child with burden of care manageable considering overall outcomes.
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Safford B, Api AM, Barratt C, Comiskey D, Daly EJ, Ellis G, McNamara C, O'Mahony C, Robison S, Smith B, Thomas R, Tozer S. Corrigendum to "Use of an aggregate exposure model to estimate consumer exposure to fragrance ingredients in personal care and cosmetic products" [Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 72 3 (2015) 673-68]. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 147:105545. [PMID: 38177031 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
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Parker SG, Blake H, Zhao S, van Dellen J, Mohamed S, Albadry W, Akhtar H, Franczak B, Jakkalasaibaba R, Rothnie A, Thomas R. An established abdominal wall multidisciplinary team improves patient care and aids surgical decision making with complex ventral hernia patients. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2024; 106:29-35. [PMID: 36927113 PMCID: PMC10757872 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) is an emerging subspecialty within general surgery. The practice of multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings to aid decision making and improve patient care has been demonstrated, with widespread acceptance. This study presents our initial experience of over 150 cases of complex hernia patients discussed in a newly established MDT setting. METHODS From February 2020 to July 2022 (30-month period), abdominal wall MDTs were held bimonthly. Key stakeholders included upper and lower gastrointestinal surgeons, a gastrointestinal specialist radiologist, a plastic surgeon, a high-risk anaesthetist and two junior doctors integrated into the AWR clinical team. Meetings were held online, where patient history, past medical and surgical history, hernia characteristics and up-to-date computed tomography scans were discussed. RESULTS Some 156 patients were discussed over 18 meetings within the above period. Ninety-five (61%) patients were recommended for surgery, and 61 (39%) patients were recommended for conservative management or referred elsewhere. Seventy-eight (82%) patients were directly waitlisted, whereas seventeen (18%) required preoperative optimisation: three (18%) for smoking cessation, eleven (65%) for weight-loss management and three (18%) for specialist diabetic assessment and management. In total, 92 (59%) patients (including operative and nonoperative management) have been discharged to primary care. DISCUSSION A multidisciplinary forum for complex abdominal wall patients is a safe process that facilitates decision making, promotes education and improves patient care. As the AWR subspecialty evolves, our view is that the "complex hernia MDT" will become commonplace. We present our experience and share advice for others planning to establish an AWR centre.
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Felter SP, Ponting DJ, Mudd AM, Thomas R, Oliveira AAF. Maximizing use of existing carcinogenicity data to support acceptable intake levels for mutagenic impurities in pharmaceuticals: Learnings from N-nitrosamine case studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 143:105459. [PMID: 37474097 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The unexpected finding of N-nitrosamine (NA) impurities in many pharmaceutical products raised significant challenges for industry and regulators. In addition to well-studied small molecular weight NAs, many of which are potent rodent carcinogens, novel NAs associated with active pharmaceutical ingredients have been found, many of which have limited or no safety data. A tiered approach to establishing Acceptable Intake (AI) limits for NA impurities has been established using chemical-specific data, read-across, or a class-specific TTC limit. There are ∼140 NAs with some rodent carcinogenicity data, but much of it is older and does not meet current guidelines for what constitutes a 'robust' bioassay. Nevertheless, these data are an important source of information to ensure the best science is used for assessing NA impurities and assuring consumer safety while minimizing impact that can lead to drug shortages. We present several strategies to maximize the use of imperfect data including using a lower confidence limit on a rodent TD50, and leveraging data from multiple NAs. Information on the chemical structure known to impact potency can also support development of an AI or potentially conclude that a particular NA does not fall in the cohort of concern for potent carcinogenicity.
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Ali Y, Thomas R, Holgersson S, Isaksson M, Insulander Björk K. Experimental determination of concentration factors of Ni, Ru and Sb in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13575. [PMID: 37604893 PMCID: PMC10442315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the experimental determination of concentration factors (CF) for nickel, ruthenium and antimony in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin (Bacillariophyceae), which was chosen as a representative of marine phytoplankton. Better determinations of these CF are needed to improve the modelling of marine ecosystems at release points, where radioactive pollutants enter the ecosystem, for more accurate predictions of radiation dose to humans caused by these pollutants. A literature study revealed that the currently implemented values of these CF are based on very scarce data, and a computational sensitivity study showed that the radiation dose caused by radioisotopes of these elements depend strongly on the phytoplankton CF. Nutrient-enriched water samples from Swedish coastal waters were used as a medium for growing of the diatom species P. tricornutum and radioactive isotopes of the studied elements were added to the cultures during the exponential growth phase. The radioactivity in the P. tricornutum and in the culture medium were measured separately and used for determination of CF. Conservative estimates of the CF based on this phytoplankton proxy on the present data are 6400 L/kg for nickel, 20,000 L/kg for ruthenium and 890 L/kg for antimony, with P. tricornutum biomass masses referring to dry weight. The estimates for nickel and ruthenium are similar to previously published values, which underpins the credibility of radiation dose calculations based on these values. The estimate for antimony is uncertain, but also, to our knowledge, represents the first published experimentally based data on this CF.
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Lourenço A, Lee N, Charlwood F, Lambert J, Vera-Sánchez JA, Hussein M, Shipley D, Romano F, Lowe M, Clarke M, Lorentini S, Mazal A, Pettingell J, Palmans H, Thomas R. A portable primary-standard level graphite calorimeter for absolute dosimetry in clinical pencil beam scanning proton beams. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:175005. [PMID: 37414003 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ace50f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To report the use of a portable primary standard level graphite calorimeter for direct dose determination in clinical pencil beam scanning proton beams, which forms part of the recommendations of the proposed Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM) Code of Practice (CoP) for proton therapy dosimetry.Approach. The primary standard proton calorimeter (PSPC) was developed at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and measurements were performed at four clinical proton therapy facilities that use pencil beam scanning for beam delivery. Correction factors for the presence of impurities and vacuum gaps were calculated and applied, as well as dose conversion factors to obtain dose to water. Measurements were performed in the middle of 10 × 10 × 10 cm3homogeneous dose volumes, centred at 10.0, 15.0 and 25.0 g·cm-2depth in water. The absorbed dose to water determined with the calorimeter was compared to the dose obtained using PTW Roos-type ionisation chambers calibrated in terms of absorbed dose to water in60Co applying the recommendations in the IAEA TRS-398 CoP.Main results.The relative dose difference between the two protocols varied between 0.4% and 2.1% depending on the facility. The reported overall uncertainty in the determination of absorbed dose to water using the calorimeter is 0.9% (k= 1), which corresponds to a significant reduction of uncertainty in comparison with the TRS-398 CoP (currently with an uncertainty equal or larger than 2.0% (k= 1) for proton beams).Significance. The establishment of a purpose-built primary standard and associated CoP will considerably reduce the uncertainty of the absorbed dose to water determination and ensure improved accuracy and consistency in the dose delivered to patients treated with proton therapy and bring proton reference dosimetry uncertainty in line with megavoltage photon radiotherapy.
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Thomas R, Wicks S, Toose C, Dale M, Pacey V. Reliability, Validity, and Predictive Validity of Cutaneous Functional Units Predicted to Scar Following Palmar Burn Injury in Young Children. J Burn Care Res 2023; 44:918-924. [PMID: 36478206 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Identification of children at risk of palmar burn scar is important for early initiation of scar management. This study determined the interrater reliability of face-to-face and photographic assessments of 29 palmar cutaneous functional units (CFUs) predicted to scar following palmar burn. The validity of photographic compared to face-to-face assessment, and the predictive validity of both assessment types to identify scarring at 3 to 6 months following burn, was also established. Thirty-nine children (40 hands) post burn injury were assessed face-to-face in the clinical setting, following healing of their palmar burn, by three burn therapists. Photographs of the children's hands at initial assessment were assessed by the same therapists a minimum of 6 months later. To determine which CFUs scarred, children were reassessed face-to-face in the clinical setting 3 to 6 months following their burn. For analysis, 29 CFUs were merged into eight separate groups to determine the number of CFUs predicted to scar per CFU group for face-to-face and photographic assessments. The range of agreement for individual CFUs within CFU groups was also calculated for both assessment types. Excellent interrater reliability was established for face-to-face assessment in all eight CFU groups (ICC2,1 0.83-0.96). Photographic assessment demonstrated good to excellent interrater reliability in six CFU groups (ICC2,1 0.69-0.90) and validity in seven CFU groups (ICC2,1 0.66-0.87). Good to excellent predictive validity was established for both assessment types in seven CFU groups (face-to-face ICC2,1 0.60-0.95, photographic ICC2,1 0.69-0.89). Experienced therapists can reliably assess CFUs face-to-face or via photographs and predict future scar development.
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Piñero-García F, Thomas R, Mantero J, Forssell-Aronsson E, Isaksson M. Biodistribution of naturally occurring radionuclides and radiocesium in wild European perch (Perca fluviatilis). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115085. [PMID: 37267782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Wild European perch (Perca fluviatilis) is one of the most important freshwater fish species, in Sweden, due to its widespread and his value for recreational fishing. Little it is known regarding the biodistribution of naturally occurring radionuclides such as 238U, 234U, 226Ra, 210Po in perch. Therefore, in this study, perches from five lakes located in different counties in Sweden were collected to investigate the biodistribution of 238U, 234U, 226Ra, 210Po and 137Cs in organs and tissues of perch as well as their radiological impact. The results showed that uranium radionuclides ranged between 0.1 and 6 Bq/kg with an average value of 1.1 ± 1.5 Bq/kg. 226Ra varied from 0.4 to 8 Bq/kg with a mean concentration of 1.7 ± 1.9 Bq/kg. The ranged of 210Po was 0.5 - 250 Bq/kg, with an average value of 24 ± 52 Bq/kg. On the other hand, the highest activity concentration of 137Cs, 151 ± 1 Bq/kg, was detected in muscle samples of perch from Redsjösjön lake. For uranium radionuclides and 226Ra uptake from water is the main source whereas for 210Po and 137Cs the uptake is controlled by the perch diet. Regarding naturally occurring radionuclides, the perch tended to accumulated uranium radionuclides in fins, gills, and skin; 226Ra in bones, fins and skin and 210Po in the organs linked to digestive system. Finally, in case of consumption, it is advised the consumption of skinned fillets of perch due to the higher bioaccumulation of the radionuclides investigated in the skin and scales.
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Insulander Björk K, Thomas R, Holgersson S, Isaksson M. Experimental determination of concentration factors of Mn, Zn and I in the phytoplankton species Phaeodactylum Tricornutum. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 261:107134. [PMID: 36805951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic radionuclides released into the environment cause a radiation dose to wildlife and humans which must be quantified, both to assess the effect of normal releases, and to predict the consequences of a larger, unplanned release. To estimate the spread of the radioactive elements, the ecosystem around release points is modelled, and element uptake is usually quantified by concentration factors (CF), which relates the concentration of an element in an organism to the concentration of the same element in a medium under equilibrium conditions. In this work, we experimentally determine some phytoplankton CF that are needed for improved modelling of the marine ecosystems around nuclear facilities and release points. CFs that require better determination have been identified through literature search. Sensitivity studies, using the currently used ecosystem modelling software PREDO, show that for most studied groups, the dose committed by the respective radionuclides is almost proportional to the corresponding phytoplankton CFs. In the present work, CFs are determined through laboratory experiments with cultured phytoplankton and radionuclides of the concerned elements, assessing the element uptake by the phytoplankton through detection of the emitted radiation. The three CF assessed in this work were those for manganese, zinc and iodine in phytoplankton. Conservative estimates of these CF based on the present data are 40 000 L/kg for manganese, 50 000 L/kg for zinc and 180 L/kg for iodine with the phytoplankton masses referring to their dry weight.
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Arnquist I, Avalos N, Baxter D, Bertou X, Castelló-Mor N, Chavarria AE, Cuevas-Zepeda J, Gutiérrez JC, Duarte-Campderros J, Dastgheibi-Fard A, Deligny O, De Dominicis C, Estrada E, Gadola N, Gaïor R, Hossbach T, Iddir L, Khalil L, Kilminster B, Lantero-Barreda A, Lawson I, Lee S, Letessier-Selvon A, Loaiza P, Lopez-Virto A, Matalon A, Munagavalasa S, McGuire KJ, Mitra P, Norcini D, Papadopoulos G, Paul S, Piers A, Privitera P, Ramanathan K, Robmann P, Settimo M, Smida R, Thomas R, Traina M, Vila I, Vilar R, Warot G, Yajur R, Zopounidis JP. First Constraints from DAMIC-M on Sub-GeV Dark-Matter Particles Interacting with Electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:171003. [PMID: 37172255 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.171003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report constraints on sub-GeV dark matter particles interacting with electrons from the first underground operation of DAMIC-M detectors. The search is performed with an integrated exposure of 85.23 g days, and exploits the subelectron charge resolution and low level of dark current of DAMIC-M charge-coupled devices (CCDs). Dark-matter-induced ionization signals above the detector dark current are searched for in CCD pixels with charge up to 7e^{-}. With this dataset we place limits on dark matter particles of mass between 0.53 and 1000 MeV/c^{2}, excluding unexplored regions of parameter space in the mass ranges [1.6,1000] MeV/c^{2} and [1.5,15.1] MeV/c^{2} for ultralight and heavy mediator interactions, respectively.
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Ghosh M, Shivakumar Y, Balaram G, Thomas R, Dharman B, Kowsik P, Ghorpade S, Nanjaiah T, Patil S, Naik R, Kanakasetty G, Thungappa S, Poppareddy S, Jayappa SB, Bhattacharjee S, Susheela SP, R MN, Sharma A, Gunari P, Ajaikumar B. 153P Molecular epidemiology of EGFR mutations in NSCLC: A single-center experience from India. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(23)00407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Grewal A, Thomas R. Use of the Arctic Sun™ 5000 targeted temperature management system to achieve rewarming during a prolonged hypothermic cardiorespiratory arrest. Anaesth Rep 2023; 11:e12223. [PMID: 37008744 PMCID: PMC10064267 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory arrest due to severe hypothermia may require prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation whilst the patient is rewarmed. There are reported cases of successful resuscitation with good neurological outcomes after prolonged arrests and resuscitation up to 9 h. However, in the majority of these cases, extracorporeal life support was used to maintain perfusion and rewarm the patient. Here, we report a case of successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation lasting 6.5 h, following cardiac arrest secondary to severe hypothermia, with rewarming using an Arctic Sun™ 5000. The Arctic Sun 5000 is a targeted temperature management device which is conventionally used to prevent hyperthermia post-cardiac arrest. In this report, we discuss the reasons why the device was used in this case and the effects of severe hypothermia on cardiac arrest management. We believe that this is the longest reported successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a severely hypothermic patient without the use of extracorporeal life support.
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Garlasco J, Charrier L, Thomas R, Gardois P, Bo M, Zotti CM. Vaccination policy strategies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: an overview. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac130.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The debate on vaccination strategies has been periodically involving researchers, policymakers, and also the population. Interest waves have occurred both after a revival of childhood infectious diseases in 2016-2017, due to low vaccine coverages, and during the recent Coronavirus outbreak. This study aimed at overviewing vaccination strategies (and corresponding vaccine coverages) for childhood vaccinations and SARS-CoV-2.
Methods
Measles was chosen as a childhood vaccination indicator. Policy data were retrieved from health institutions (either European or national/regional) and, for COVID-19, also from press agencies and newspaper websites. Vaccine coverage data were retrieved from the World Bank, World Health Organisation, and UNICEF databases (for childhood vaccines), and from the “Our World in Data” platform for SARS-CoV-2. A qualitative comparison was performed between the two contexts.
Results
Unlike childhood vaccinations, few countries (and only Austria in Europe) imposed generalised COVID-19 mandates, most countries preferring targeted mandates for higher-risk groups. Many countries confirmed their traditional voluntary vaccination approach also for COVID-19, while countries historically relying on compulsory vaccination strategies, such as Slovenia and Hungary, surprisingly opted for voluntary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, with unsatisfactory results. However, no tangible crude association was generally found between vaccination policies and achieved coverages, although factors such as cultural background, education, and religion appeared to influence the impact of vaccination policies.
Conclusions
The COVID-19 experience has enriched pre-existent vaccination strategy debates by adding interesting elements concerning attitudes toward vaccines in a novel context. Reading the available results in the frame of vaccine hesitancy determinants can help to understand the relationship between policies and actual coverages.
Key messages
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Fischer R, George J, Scheel A, Schloesser H, Brossart P, Engel-Riedel W, Griesinger F, Grohé C, Kern J, Panse J, Sebastian M, Serke M, Wiewrodt R, Michels S, Nogova L, Riedel R, Weber JP, Büttner R, Thomas R, Wolf J. 1028P BIOLUMA: A phase II trial of nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab to evaluate efficacy and safety in lung cancer and to evaluate biomarkers predictive for response – results from the NSCLC cohort. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abu-Shawareb H, Acree R, Adams P, Adams J, Addis B, Aden R, Adrian P, Afeyan BB, Aggleton M, Aghaian L, Aguirre A, Aikens D, Akre J, Albert F, Albrecht M, Albright BJ, Albritton J, Alcala J, Alday C, Alessi DA, Alexander N, Alfonso J, Alfonso N, Alger E, Ali SJ, Ali ZA, Alley WE, Amala P, Amendt PA, Amick P, Ammula S, Amorin C, Ampleford DJ, Anderson RW, Anklam T, Antipa N, Appelbe B, Aracne-Ruddle C, Araya E, Arend M, Arnold P, Arnold T, Asay J, Atherton LJ, Atkinson D, Atkinson R, Auerbach JM, Austin B, Auyang L, Awwal AS, Ayers J, Ayers S, Ayers T, Azevedo S, Bachmann B, Back CA, Bae J, Bailey DS, Bailey J, Baisden T, Baker KL, Baldis H, Barber D, Barberis M, Barker D, Barnes A, Barnes CW, Barrios MA, Barty C, Bass I, Batha SH, Baxamusa SH, Bazan G, Beagle JK, Beale R, Beck BR, Beck JB, Bedzyk M, Beeler RG, Beeler RG, Behrendt W, Belk L, Bell P, Belyaev M, Benage JF, Bennett G, Benedetti LR, Benedict LX, Berger R, Bernat T, Bernstein LA, Berry B, Bertolini L, Besenbruch G, Betcher J, Bettenhausen R, Betti R, Bezzerides B, Bhandarkar SD, Bickel R, Biener J, Biesiada T, Bigelow K, Bigelow-Granillo J, Bigman V, Bionta RM, Birge NW, Bitter M, Black AC, Bleile R, Bleuel DL, Bliss E, Bliss E, Blue B, Boehly T, Boehm K, Boley CD, Bonanno R, Bond EJ, Bond T, Bonino MJ, Borden M, Bourgade JL, Bousquet J, Bowers J, Bowers M, Boyd R, Bozek A, Bradley DK, Bradley KS, Bradley PA, Bradley L, Brannon L, Brantley PS, Braun D, Braun T, Brienza-Larsen K, Briggs TM, Britten J, Brooks ED, Browning D, Bruhn MW, Brunner TA, Bruns H, Brunton G, Bryant B, Buczek T, Bude J, Buitano L, Burkhart S, Burmark J, Burnham A, Burr R, Busby LE, Butlin B, Cabeltis R, Cable M, Cabot WH, Cagadas B, Caggiano J, Cahayag R, Caldwell SE, Calkins S, Callahan DA, Calleja-Aguirre J, Camara L, Camp D, Campbell EM, Campbell JH, Carey B, Carey R, Carlisle K, Carlson L, Carman L, Carmichael J, Carpenter A, Carr C, Carrera JA, Casavant D, Casey A, Casey DT, Castillo A, Castillo E, Castor JI, Castro C, Caughey W, Cavitt R, Celeste J, Celliers PM, Cerjan C, Chandler G, Chang B, Chang C, Chang J, Chang L, Chapman R, Chapman T, Chase L, Chen H, Chen H, Chen K, Chen LY, Cheng B, Chittenden J, Choate C, Chou J, Chrien RE, Chrisp M, Christensen K, Christensen M, Christopherson AR, Chung M, Church JA, Clark A, Clark DS, Clark K, Clark R, Claus L, Cline B, Cline JA, Cobble JA, Cochrane K, Cohen B, Cohen S, Collette MR, Collins G, Collins LA, Collins TJB, Conder A, Conrad B, Conyers M, Cook AW, Cook D, Cook R, Cooley JC, Cooper G, Cope T, Copeland SR, Coppari F, Cortez J, Cox J, Crandall DH, Crane J, Craxton RS, Cray M, Crilly A, Crippen JW, Cross D, Cuneo M, Cuotts G, Czajka CE, Czechowicz D, Daly T, Danforth P, Darbee R, Darlington B, Datte P, Dauffy L, Davalos G, Davidovits S, Davis P, Davis J, Dawson S, Day RD, Day TH, Dayton M, Deck C, Decker C, Deeney C, DeFriend KA, Deis G, Delamater ND, Delettrez JA, Demaret R, Demos S, Dempsey SM, Desjardin R, Desjardins T, Desjarlais MP, Dewald EL, DeYoreo J, Diaz S, Dimonte G, Dittrich TR, Divol L, Dixit SN, Dixon J, Dodd ES, Dolan D, Donovan A, Donovan M, Döppner T, Dorrer C, Dorsano N, Douglas MR, Dow D, Downie J, Downing E, Dozieres M, Draggoo V, Drake D, Drake RP, Drake T, Dreifuerst G, DuBois DF, DuBois PF, Dunham G, Dylla-Spears R, Dymoke-Bradshaw AKL, Dzenitis B, Ebbers C, Eckart M, Eddinger S, Eder D, Edgell D, Edwards MJ, Efthimion P, Eggert JH, Ehrlich B, Ehrmann P, Elhadj S, Ellerbee C, Elliott NS, Ellison CL, Elsner F, Emerich M, Engelhorn K, England T, English E, Epperson P, Epstein R, Erbert G, Erickson MA, Erskine DJ, Erlandson A, Espinosa RJ, Estes C, Estabrook KG, Evans S, Fabyan A, Fair J, Fallejo R, Farmer N, Farmer WA, Farrell M, Fatherley VE, Fedorov M, Feigenbaum E, Feit M, Ferguson W, Fernandez JC, Fernandez-Panella A, Fess S, Field JE, Filip CV, Fincke JR, Finn T, Finnegan SM, Finucane RG, Fischer M, Fisher A, Fisher J, Fishler B, Fittinghoff D, Fitzsimmons P, Flegel M, Flippo KA, Florio J, Folta J, Folta P, Foreman LR, Forrest C, Forsman A, Fooks J, Foord M, Fortner R, Fournier K, Fratanduono DE, Frazier N, Frazier T, Frederick C, Freeman MS, Frenje J, Frey D, Frieders G, Friedrich S, Froula DH, Fry J, Fuller T, Gaffney J, Gales S, Le Galloudec B, Le Galloudec KK, Gambhir A, Gao L, Garbett WJ, Garcia A, Gates C, Gaut E, Gauthier P, Gavin Z, Gaylord J, Geissel M, Génin F, Georgeson J, Geppert-Kleinrath H, Geppert-Kleinrath V, Gharibyan N, Gibson J, Gibson C, Giraldez E, Glebov V, Glendinning SG, Glenn S, Glenzer SH, Goade S, Gobby PL, Goldman SR, Golick B, Gomez M, Goncharov V, Goodin D, Grabowski P, Grafil E, Graham P, Grandy J, Grasz E, Graziani F, Greenman G, Greenough JA, Greenwood A, Gregori G, Green T, Griego JR, Grim GP, Grondalski J, Gross S, Guckian J, Guler N, Gunney B, Guss G, Haan S, Hackbarth J, Hackel L, Hackel R, Haefner C, Hagmann C, Hahn KD, Hahn S, Haid BJ, Haines BM, Hall BM, Hall C, Hall GN, Hamamoto M, Hamel S, Hamilton CE, Hammel BA, Hammer JH, Hampton G, Hamza A, Handler A, Hansen S, Hanson D, Haque R, Harding D, Harding E, Hares JD, Harris DB, Harte JA, Hartouni EP, Hatarik R, Hatchett S, Hauer AA, Havre M, Hawley R, Hayes J, Hayes J, Hayes S, Hayes-Sterbenz A, Haynam CA, Haynes DA, Headley D, Heal A, Heebner JE, Heerey S, Heestand GM, Heeter R, Hein N, Heinbockel C, Hendricks C, Henesian M, Heninger J, Henrikson J, Henry EA, Herbold EB, Hermann MR, Hermes G, Hernandez JE, Hernandez VJ, Herrmann MC, Herrmann HW, Herrera OD, Hewett D, Hibbard R, Hicks DG, Hill D, Hill K, Hilsabeck T, Hinkel DE, Ho DD, Ho VK, Hoffer JK, Hoffman NM, Hohenberger M, Hohensee M, Hoke W, Holdener D, Holdener F, Holder JP, Holko B, Holunga D, Holzrichter JF, Honig J, Hoover D, Hopkins D, Berzak Hopkins L, Hoppe M, Hoppe ML, Horner J, Hornung R, Horsfield CJ, Horvath J, Hotaling D, House R, Howell L, Hsing WW, Hu SX, Huang H, Huckins J, Hui H, Humbird KD, Hund J, Hunt J, Hurricane OA, Hutton M, Huynh KHK, Inandan L, Iglesias C, Igumenshchev IV, Izumi N, Jackson M, Jackson J, Jacobs SD, James G, Jancaitis K, Jarboe J, Jarrott LC, Jasion D, Jaquez J, Jeet J, Jenei AE, Jensen J, Jimenez J, Jimenez R, Jobe D, Johal Z, Johns HM, Johnson D, Johnson MA, Gatu Johnson M, Johnson RJ, Johnson S, Johnson SA, Johnson T, Jones K, Jones O, Jones M, Jorge R, Jorgenson HJ, Julian M, Jun BI, Jungquist R, Kaae J, Kabadi N, Kaczala D, Kalantar D, Kangas K, Karasiev VV, Karasik M, Karpenko V, Kasarky A, Kasper K, Kauffman R, Kaufman MI, Keane C, Keaty L, Kegelmeyer L, Keiter PA, Kellett PA, Kellogg J, Kelly JH, Kemic S, Kemp AJ, Kemp GE, Kerbel GD, Kershaw D, Kerr SM, Kessler TJ, Key MH, Khan SF, Khater H, Kiikka C, Kilkenny J, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Kimko J, Kimmel M, Kindel JM, King J, Kirkwood RK, Klaus L, Klem D, Kline JL, Klingmann J, Kluth G, Knapp P, Knauer J, Knipping J, Knudson M, Kobs D, Koch J, Kohut T, Kong C, Koning JM, Koning P, Konior S, Kornblum H, Kot LB, Kozioziemski B, Kozlowski M, Kozlowski PM, Krammen J, Krasheninnikova NS, Kraus B, Krauser W, Kress JD, Kritcher AL, Krieger E, Kroll JJ, Kruer WL, Kruse MKG, Kucheyev S, Kumbera M, Kumpan S, Kunimune J, Kustowski B, Kwan TJT, Kyrala GA, Laffite S, Lafon M, LaFortune K, Lahmann B, Lairson B, Landen OL, Langenbrunner J, Lagin L, Land T, Lane M, Laney D, Langdon AB, Langer SH, Langro A, Lanier NE, Lanier TE, Larson D, Lasinski BF, Lassle D, LaTray D, Lau G, Lau N, Laumann C, Laurence A, Laurence TA, Lawson J, Le HP, Leach RR, Leal L, Leatherland A, LeChien K, Lechleiter B, Lee A, Lee M, Lee T, Leeper RJ, Lefebvre E, Leidinger JP, LeMire B, Lemke RW, Lemos NC, Le Pape S, Lerche R, Lerner S, Letts S, Levedahl K, Lewis T, Li CK, Li H, Li J, Liao W, Liao ZM, Liedahl D, Liebman J, Lindford G, Lindman EL, Lindl JD, Loey H, London RA, Long F, Loomis EN, Lopez FE, Lopez H, Losbanos E, Loucks S, Lowe-Webb R, Lundgren E, Ludwigsen AP, Luo R, Lusk J, Lyons R, Ma T, Macallop Y, MacDonald MJ, MacGowan BJ, Mack JM, Mackinnon AJ, MacLaren SA, MacPhee AG, Magelssen GR, Magoon J, Malone RM, Malsbury T, Managan R, Mancini R, Manes K, Maney D, Manha D, Mannion OM, Manuel AM, Mapoles E, Mara G, Marcotte T, Marin E, Marinak MM, Mariscal C, Mariscal DA, Mariscal EF, Marley EV, Marozas JA, Marquez R, Marshall CD, Marshall FJ, Marshall M, Marshall S, Marticorena J, Martinez D, Maslennikov I, Mason D, Mason RJ, Masse L, Massey W, Masson-Laborde PE, Masters ND, Mathisen D, Mathison E, Matone J, Matthews MJ, Mattoon C, Mattsson TR, Matzen K, Mauche CW, Mauldin M, McAbee T, McBurney M, Mccarville T, McCrory RL, McEvoy AM, McGuffey C, Mcinnis M, McKenty P, McKinley MS, McLeod JB, McPherson A, Mcquillan B, Meamber M, Meaney KD, Meezan NB, Meissner R, Mehlhorn TA, Mehta NC, Menapace J, Merrill FE, Merritt BT, Merritt EC, Meyerhofer DD, Mezyk S, Mich RJ, Michel PA, Milam D, Miller C, Miller D, Miller DS, Miller E, Miller EK, Miller J, Miller M, Miller PE, Miller T, Miller W, Miller-Kamm V, Millot M, Milovich JL, Minner P, Miquel JL, Mitchell S, Molvig K, Montesanti RC, Montgomery DS, Monticelli M, Montoya A, Moody JD, Moore AS, Moore E, Moran M, Moreno JC, Moreno K, Morgan BE, Morrow T, Morton JW, Moses E, Moy K, Muir R, Murillo MS, Murray JE, Murray JR, Munro DH, Murphy TJ, Munteanu FM, Nafziger J, Nagayama T, Nagel SR, Nast R, Negres RA, Nelson A, Nelson D, Nelson J, Nelson S, Nemethy S, Neumayer P, Newman K, Newton M, Nguyen H, Di Nicola JMG, Di Nicola P, Niemann C, Nikroo A, Nilson PM, Nobile A, Noorai V, Nora R, Norton M, Nostrand M, Note V, Novell S, Nowak PF, Nunez A, Nyholm RA, O'Brien M, Oceguera A, Oertel JA, Okui J, Olejniczak B, Oliveira J, Olsen P, Olson B, Olson K, Olson RE, Opachich YP, Orsi N, Orth CD, Owen M, Padalino S, Padilla E, Paguio R, Paguio S, Paisner J, Pajoom S, Pak A, Palaniyappan S, Palma K, Pannell T, Papp F, Paras D, Parham T, Park HS, Pasternak A, Patankar S, Patel MV, Patel PK, Patterson R, Patterson S, Paul B, Paul M, Pauli E, Pearce OT, Pearcy J, Pedrotti B, Peer A, Pelz LJ, Penetrante B, Penner J, Perez A, Perkins LJ, Pernice E, Perry TS, Person S, Petersen D, Petersen T, Peterson DL, Peterson EB, Peterson JE, Peterson JL, Peterson K, Peterson RR, Petrasso RD, Philippe F, Phipps TJ, Piceno E, Ping Y, Pickworth L, Pino J, Plummer R, Pollack GD, Pollaine SM, Pollock BB, Ponce D, Ponce J, Pontelandolfo J, Porter JL, Post J, Poujade O, Powell C, Powell H, Power G, Pozulp M, Prantil M, Prasad M, Pratuch S, Price S, Primdahl K, Prisbrey S, Procassini R, Pruyne A, Pudliner B, Qiu SR, Quan K, Quinn M, Quintenz J, Radha PB, Rainer F, Ralph JE, Raman KS, Raman R, Rambo P, Rana S, Randewich A, Rardin D, Ratledge M, Ravelo N, Ravizza F, Rayce M, Raymond A, Raymond B, Reed B, Reed C, Regan S, Reichelt B, Reis V, Reisdorf S, Rekow V, Remington BA, Rendon A, Requieron W, Rever M, Reynolds H, Reynolds J, Rhodes J, Rhodes M, Richardson MC, Rice B, Rice NG, Rieben R, Rigatti A, Riggs S, Rinderknecht HG, Ring K, Riordan B, Riquier R, Rivers C, Roberts D, Roberts V, Robertson G, Robey HF, Robles J, Rocha P, Rochau G, Rodriguez J, Rodriguez S, Rosen M, Rosenberg M, Ross G, Ross JS, Ross P, Rouse J, Rovang D, Rubenchik AM, Rubery MS, Ruiz CL, Rushford M, Russ B, Rygg JR, Ryujin BS, Sacks RA, Sacks RF, Saito K, Salmon T, Salmonson JD, Sanchez J, Samuelson S, Sanchez M, Sangster C, Saroyan A, Sater J, Satsangi A, Sauers S, Saunders R, Sauppe JP, Sawicki R, Sayre D, Scanlan M, Schaffers K, Schappert GT, Schiaffino S, Schlossberg DJ, Schmidt DW, Schmitt MJ, Schneider DHG, Schneider MB, Schneider R, Schoff M, Schollmeier M, Schölmerich M, Schroeder CR, Schrauth SE, Scott HA, Scott I, Scott JM, Scott RHH, Scullard CR, Sedillo T, Seguin FH, Seka W, Senecal J, Sepke SM, Seppala L, Sequoia K, Severyn J, Sevier JM, Sewell N, Seznec S, Shah RC, Shamlian J, Shaughnessy D, Shaw M, Shaw R, Shearer C, Shelton R, Shen N, Sherlock MW, Shestakov AI, Shi EL, Shin SJ, Shingleton N, Shmayda W, Shor M, Shoup M, Shuldberg C, Siegel L, Silva FJ, Simakov AN, Sims BT, Sinars D, Singh P, Sio H, Skulina K, Skupsky S, Slutz S, Sluyter M, Smalyuk VA, Smauley D, Smeltser RM, Smith C, Smith I, Smith J, Smith L, Smith R, Sohn R, Sommer S, Sorce C, Sorem M, Soures JM, Spaeth ML, Spears BK, Speas S, Speck D, Speck R, Spears J, Spinka T, Springer PT, Stadermann M, Stahl B, Stahoviak J, Stanton LG, Steele R, Steele W, Steinman D, Stemke R, Stephens R, Sterbenz S, Sterne P, Stevens D, Stevers J, Still CB, Stoeckl C, Stoeffl W, Stolken JS, Stolz C, Storm E, Stone G, Stoupin S, Stout E, Stowers I, Strauser R, Streckart H, Streit J, Strozzi DJ, Suratwala T, Sutcliffe G, Suter LJ, Sutton SB, Svidzinski V, Swadling G, Sweet W, Szoke A, Tabak M, Takagi M, Tambazidis A, Tang V, Taranowski M, Taylor LA, Telford S, Theobald W, Thi M, Thomas A, Thomas CA, Thomas I, Thomas R, Thompson IJ, Thongstisubskul A, Thorsness CB, Tietbohl G, Tipton RE, Tobin M, Tomlin N, Tommasini R, Toreja AJ, Torres J, Town RPJ, Townsend S, Trenholme J, Trivelpiece A, Trosseille C, Truax H, Trummer D, Trummer S, Truong T, Tubbs D, Tubman ER, Tunnell T, Turnbull D, Turner RE, Ulitsky M, Upadhye R, Vaher JL, VanArsdall P, VanBlarcom D, Vandenboomgaerde M, VanQuinlan R, Van Wonterghem BM, Varnum WS, Velikovich AL, Vella A, Verdon CP, Vermillion B, Vernon S, Vesey R, Vickers J, Vignes RM, Visosky M, Vocke J, Volegov PL, Vonhof S, Von Rotz R, Vu HX, Vu M, Wall D, Wall J, Wallace R, Wallin B, Walmer D, Walsh CA, Walters CF, Waltz C, Wan A, Wang A, Wang Y, Wark JS, Warner BE, Watson J, Watt RG, Watts P, Weaver J, Weaver RP, Weaver S, Weber CR, Weber P, Weber SV, Wegner P, Welday B, Welser-Sherrill L, Weiss K, Widmann K, Wheeler GF, Whistler W, White RK, Whitley HD, Whitman P, Wickett ME, Widmayer C, Wiedwald J, Wilcox R, Wilcox S, Wild C, Wilde BH, Wilde CH, Wilhelmsen K, Wilke MD, Wilkens H, Wilkins P, Wilks SC, Williams EA, Williams GJ, Williams W, Williams WH, Wilson DC, Wilson B, Wilson E, Wilson R, Winters S, Wisoff J, Wittman M, Wolfe J, Wong A, Wong KW, Wong L, Wong N, Wood R, Woodhouse D, Woodruff J, Woods DT, Woods S, Woodworth BN, Wooten E, Wootton A, Work K, Workman JB, Wright J, Wu M, Wuest C, Wysocki FJ, Xu H, Yamaguchi M, Yang B, Yang ST, Yatabe J, Yeamans CB, Yee BC, Yi SA, Yin L, Young B, Young CS, Young CV, Young P, Youngblood K, Zacharias R, Zagaris G, Zaitseva N, Zaka F, Ze F, Zeiger B, Zika M, Zimmerman GB, Zobrist T, Zuegel JD, Zylstra AB. Lawson Criterion for Ignition Exceeded in an Inertial Fusion Experiment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:075001. [PMID: 36018710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.075001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion.
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Patel P, Thomas R, Hamady M, Hague J, Raja J, Tan T, Bloom S, Richards T, Weiss C, Prechtl C, Smith C, Thiagarajah S, Fiorentino F, Markakis H, Ahmed AR. O102 We know about left gastric artery embolisation and will embio provide the next solution to treat obesity? Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac242.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Left gastric artery embolisation (LGAE) is a minimally invasive procedure which has shown promising results for weight loss in recent studies and could play a key role as a treatment option in-between our current tier-3 and tier-4 services. Imperial College NHS Trust will sponsor the EMBIO trial, the first multi-centre double blinded randomised controlled trial comparing LGAE vs Placebo procedure to evaluate its efficacy on weight loss and obesity related comorbidities over a 12 month follow up period. Here, we perform a systematic review of the existing literature.
Methods
9 studies were reviewed. Studies which investigated weight loss as a % +- Ghrelin % change at 3,6 and 12 months were included as these pre-defined time points correlate with the EMBIO protocol. 6 studies met our inclusion criteria, 5 single arm studies and 1 single blinded RCT.
Results
N=62 patients were included in our analysis. Mean weight loss reported was 8.5%, 8.8% and 10% at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively post LGAE. Ghrelin levels reduced by 36%, 16.2% and 16.5% at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively post LGAE. To date, the only reported adverse events recorded include superficial gastric erosions healed on endoscopy by day 90 and one case of subclinical pancreatitis.
Conclusion
LGAE potentially offers a day case procedure under local anaesthesia and sedation to treat obesity and its metabolic complications. The EMBIO trial will provide level 1 evidence to confirm if LGAE is a viable intervention for obesity and evaluate its safety profile.
Take-home message
Left gastric artery embolisation could be the perfect solution to treat obesity in between existing tier-3 and tier-4 treatments.
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Thomas R, Dale M, Wicks S, Toose C, Pacey V. Reliability of a novel technique to assess palmar contracture in young children with unilateral hand injuries. J Hand Ther 2022; 35:254-260. [PMID: 35491302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palmar contracture in young children can have significant developmental consequences. Despite this, objective techniques to measure palmar range of movement and quantify contracture in young children are limited. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of hand span and hand length measures in young children and to establish whether there is any association with age, sex and presence of a palmar burn injury in the reliability of these measures. The study also sought to determine the normative difference and establish a cut off value for the between-hand difference to identify loss of movement in 1 hand. STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional METHODS: Forty-four children aged 0 to <5 years were recruited. Twenty-two children had a unilateral palmar burn injury and 22 did not have a palmar burn injury. Each child's hand span and hand length were measured 3 times. This was performed twice by the first assessor and once by the second assessor. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. The largest of the 3 values for both hand span and hand length from the first assessor's first assessment were used to determine the normative between-hand difference. Outliers were removed prior to determining the normative difference. Children were considered outliers if their between-hand difference in hand span and/or hand length was in the top 5% of values. RESULTS Excellent reliability was established for hand span and hand length measures for the whole group (intra-rater ICC2,1 ≥0.95, inter-rater ICC2,1 ≥0.94). The mean normative between-hand difference for both measures was 2 mm. The cut-off for the normative difference in hand span was <9 mm and hand length was <6 mm. CONCLUSION This measurement technique has excellent reliability and could be a useful method to quantify palmar range of movement and identify contracture in young children with unilateral hand injuries.
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Thomas R, Quah H, Stratton R, Singh A. POS1329 SECONDARY HAEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS: A SINGLE-CENTRE EXPERIENCE. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundHaemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome characterised by fever, organomegaly, cytopaenias, activated macrophages in haematopoietic organs and elevated ferritin. Primary HLH is caused by inherited defects in cytolytic pathway proteins and manifests in infancy[1]. Secondary HLH (sHLH) develops in individuals with a genetic susceptibility to hyperinflammation triggered by strongly immunogenic stimulus such as autoimmune conditions, haematological malignancy, organ transplantation or infection[2].We present a cohort of patients with sHLH and detail their characteristics.ObjectivesTo evaluate the characteristics and aetiology of sHLH patients at our Centre.MethodsA single-centre retrospective observational study of all cases of sHLH between January 2018 and July 2021. Patients were identified from referrals and included if there was a diagnosis of HLH made by a rheumatologist with an H-score of 169 or greater. P-values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney test, unpaired t-test or Fisher exact as appropriate.Results30 patients (10 female) with sHLH were identified with a median age of 46, a mean H-score of 238 (range 186-317). 15 (50%) had pre-existing immunosuppression, which did not influence mortality (p=0.26). The following primary drivers were identified: lymphoma (n=8), non-HIV viral infections (n=9), first presentation of HIV/AIDS with opportunistic infections (n=4), Adult-onset Still’s disease (n=4), miliary tuberculosis (n=1), M. falciparum infection (n=1), meningococcal meningitis (n=1), checkpoint inhibitor therapy-related (n=1), and no diagnosis (n=1) - Table 1.Table 1.§ = Mann Whitney U test, τ = unpaired t-test, φ = Fisher exactTotal (n=30)Survived (n=18)Died (n=12)p-valueDemographicsMale2010100.78§Female1082Mean age4341470.348§Median H-score2402302540.059 τFerritin (ng/ml)4027734690484040.0949Trilineage cytopenia, n (%)9 (33%)5 (31%)4 (36%)0.28§Subgroup (not mutually exclusive)1 yr survivalLymphoma81712.5% (p=0.0025 φ)HIV/AIDS440100%AOSD440100%Transplant recipient41325%Other viral infection95444%
HSV330100%
CMV110100%
EBV1010%
Yellow fever2020%
Influenza A110100%Tuberculosis32166% with HIV220100%Non-HIV viral infections were the most common cause overall. 6 of 9 were caused by Herpes virus family and all were primary infections. Two followed yellow fever viraemia following live vaccination and both patients died.Mortality varied with aetiology. All four patients with AOSD survived, while 7 of 8 with lymphoma died, as per previous reports3. There was a strong association between lymphoma and mortality vs non-lymphoma sHLH (p=0.0025). Four patients post-solid organ transplantation were identified (three liver, one kidney), three with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and one with CMV viraemia (50% mortality).There was no significant difference between age, ferritin or H-score between surviving and deceased patients (Figure 1), but H-score trended higher in the deceased (p=0.059). Number of treatments given for HLH was higher in the deceased group vs survival (mean 3.41 deceased, mean 2.44 in survived). Anakinra was used in all 30 patients as treatment, including as monotherapy in one patient with HSV viraemia who survived.Figure 1.ConclusionFerritin, H-score at diagnosis or age do not appear to correlate with mortality in sHLH. Lymphoma is associated with a significantly worse outcome. Poor response to treatment and increasing numbers of treatment options is associated with increased mortality. Causes are varied and often co-exist.References[1]Jordan MB et al. An animal model of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): CD8+ T cells and interferon gamma are essential for the disorder. Blood. 2004.[2]Carter SJ et al. Macrophage activation syndrome in adults: recent advances in pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatments. Rheumatology. 2019.[3]Parikh SA et al. Prognostic Factors and Outcomes of Adults with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Li R, Lyness A, Harriman J, Glen K, Thomas R, Molina S. Process Development and Manufacturing: SINGLE- AND SPLIT-DOSE CRYOPRESERVATION OF T CELLS. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ain Q, Chouari T, Awonaya K, Thomas R. 213 Utility of Botox Injection in Early Laparostomy Closure for Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in Acute Severe Pancreatitis – a Case Report. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis can cause significant visceral oedema due to fluid resuscitation, paralytic ileus and ascites with raised intra-abdominal pressure(IAP) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS >20mmHg). Failure of conservative management is an indication for decompressive laparostomy. Early fascial closure is the priority following laparostomy to reduce morbidity, mortality, and the risk of enteric fistulation. Chemical component separation with Botulinum toxin injection is proven to be of benefit prior to elective complex ventral hernia repairs and has been reported in laparostomy closure. We report our use of Botox to assist with vacuum and mesh-assisted early closure of laparostomy in a patient with acute severe pancreatitis.
A 29-year-old male was admitted with severe alcohol induced pancreatitis. He developed acute respiratory distress and was intubated and ventilated. On day 14 of admission, he developed raised IAP of >40mmHg with multiorgan dysfunction and underwent laparostomy and application of Abthera© vacuum assisted negative pressure dressing. 3 days later, the dressing was replaced and a prolene mesh was sutured to the fascial margins to allow approximation of the wound to prevent retraction of the rectus sheath. He underwent further dressing change with trimming of mesh on day 6 and received 300U of Botulinum toxin injection into the abdominal musculature bilaterally. On day 7 following botox injection, the mesh was excised, and the midline wound was closed without tension. He remained stable with normal IAP and no wound related complications. Chemical component separation with Botulinum toxin may be a valuable adjunct in early closure of laparostomy.
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