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Brazeau CMLR, Trockel MT, Swensen SJ, Shanafelt TD. Designing and Building a Portfolio of Individual Support Resources for Physicians. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2023; 98:1113-1119. [PMID: 37220390 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As health care organizations in the United States move toward recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians and clinical faculty are experiencing occupational burnout and various manifestations of distress. To mitigate these challenges, health care organizations must optimize the work environment and provide support for individual clinicians using a variety of approaches, including mentoring, group-based peer support, individual peer support, coaching, and psychotherapy. While often conflated, each of these approaches offers distinct benefits. Mentoring is a longitudinal 1-on-1 relationship, typically focused on career development, usually with an experienced professional guiding a junior professional. Group-based peer support involves regular, longitudinal meetings of health professionals to discuss meaningful topics, provide mutual support to one another, and foster community. Individual peer support involves training peers to provide timely 1-on-1 support for a distressed colleague dealing with adverse clinical events or other professional challenges. Coaching involves a certified professional helping an individual identify their values and priorities and consider changes that would allow them to adhere to these more fully, and providing longitudinal support that fosters accountability for action. Individual psychotherapy is a longitudinal, short- or long-term professional relationship during which specific therapeutic interventions are delivered by a licensed mental health professional. When distress is severe, this is the best approach. Although some overlap exists, these approaches are distinct and complementary. Individuals may use different methods at different career stages and for different challenges. Organizations seeking to address a specific need should consider which approach is most suitable. Over time, a portfolio of offerings is typically needed to holistically address the diverse needs of clinicians. A stepped care model using a population health approach may be a cost-effective way to promote mental health and prevent occupational distress and general psychiatric symptoms.
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Swensen SJ. Web Exclusive. Annals Story Slam - Innovations: Practices That Build Trust - The Leader Index. Ann Intern Med 2020; 172:SS1. [PMID: 32066174 DOI: 10.7326/w20-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Naessens JM, Van Such MB, Nesse RE, Dilling JA, Swensen SJ, Thompson KM, Orlowski JM, Santrach PJ. Looking Under the Streetlight? A Framework for Differentiating Performance Measures by Level of Care in a Value-Based Payment Environment. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2017; 92:943-950. [PMID: 28353502 PMCID: PMC5483980 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The majority of quality measures used to assess providers and hospitals are based on easily obtained data, focused on a few dimensions of quality, and developed mainly for primary/community care and population health. While this approach supports efforts focused on addressing the triple aim of health care, many current quality report cards and assessments do not reflect the breadth or complexity of many referral center practices.In this article, the authors highlight the differences between population health efforts and referral care and address issues related to value measurement and performance assessment. They discuss why measures may need to differ across the three levels of care (primary/community care, secondary care, complex care) and illustrate the need for further risk adjustment to eliminate referral bias.With continued movement toward value-based purchasing, performance measures and reimbursement schemes need to reflect the increased level of intensity required to provide complex care. The authors propose a framework to operationalize value measurement and payment for specialty care, and they make specific recommendations to improve performance measurement for complex patients. Implementing such a framework to differentiate performance measures by level of care involves coordinated efforts to change both policy and operational platforms. An essential component of this framework is a new model that defines the characteristics of patients who require complex care and standardizes metrics that incorporate those definitions.
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Swensen SJ, Shanafelt T. An Organizational Framework to Reduce Professional Burnout and Bring Back Joy in Practice. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2017; 43:308-313. [PMID: 28528625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dai J, Liu M, Swensen SJ, Stoddard SM, Wampfler JA, Limper AH, Jiang G, Yang P. Regional Emphysema Score Predicting Overall Survival, Quality of Life, and Pulmonary Function Recovery in Early-Stage Lung Cancer Patients. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 12:824-832. [PMID: 28126539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary emphysema is a frequent comorbidity in lung cancer, but its role in tumor prognosis remains obscure. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of the regional emphysema score (RES) on a patient's overall survival, quality of life (QOL), and recovery of pulmonary function in stage I to II lung cancer. METHODS Between 1997 and 2009, a total of 1073 patients were identified and divided into two surgical groups-cancer in the emphysematous (group 1 [n = 565]) and nonemphysematous (group 2 [n = 435]) regions-and one nonsurgical group (group 3 [n = 73]). RES was derived from the emphysematous region and categorized as mild (≤5%), moderate (6%-24%), or severe (25%-60%). RESULTS In group 1, patients with a moderate or severe RES experienced slight decreases in postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second, but increases in the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity compared with those with a mild RES (p < 0.01); however, this correlation was not observed in group 2. Posttreatment QOL was lower in patients with higher RESs in all groups, mainly owing to dyspnea (p < 0.05). Cox regression analysis revealed that patients with a higher RES had significantly poorer survival in both surgical groups, with adjusted hazard ratios of 1.41 and 1.43 for a moderate RES and 1.63 and 2.04 for a severe RES, respectively; however, this association was insignificant in the nonsurgical group (adjusted hazard ratio of 0.99 for a moderate or severe RES). CONCLUSIONS In surgically treated patients with cancer in the emphysematous region, RES is associated with postoperative changes in lung function. RES is also predictive of posttreatment QOL related to dyspnea in early-stage lung cancer. In both surgical groups, RES is an independent predictor of survival.
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Lee YH, Chan WP, Swensen SJ. Whole-Systems Approach to Patient Safety: Can We Do More? J Am Coll Radiol 2016; 13:1501-1504. [PMID: 27727013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Feeley D, Swensen SJ. Restoring Joy in Work for the Healthcare Workforce. It's more than just reducing burnout. HEALTHCARE EXECUTIVE 2016; 31:70-71. [PMID: 29693928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Duncan JR, Swensen SJ. DNA Repair after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation Is Not Error-Free. Radiology 2016; 280:322-3. [PMID: 27322978 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016152738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shanafelt TD, Mungo M, Schmitgen J, Storz KA, Reeves D, Hayes SN, Sloan JA, Swensen SJ, Buskirk SJ. Longitudinal Study Evaluating the Association Between Physician Burnout and Changes in Professional Work Effort. Mayo Clin Proc 2016; 91:422-31. [PMID: 27046522 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To longitudinally evaluate the relationship between burnout and professional satisfaction with changes in physicians' professional effort. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Administrative/payroll records were used to longitudinally evaluate the professional work effort of faculty physicians working for Mayo Clinic from October 1, 2008, to October 1, 2014. Professional effort was measured in full-time equivalent (FTE) units. Physicians were longitudinally surveyed in October 2011 and October 2013 with standardized tools to assess burnout and satisfaction. RESULTS Between 2008 and 2014, the proportion of physicians working less than full-time at our organization increased from 13.5% to 16.0% (P=.05). Of the 2663 physicians surveyed in 2011 and 2776 physicians surveyed in 2013, 1856 (69.7%) and 2132 (76.9%), respectively, returned surveys. Burnout and satisfaction scores in 2011 correlated with actual reductions in FTE over the following 24 months as independently measured by administrative/payroll records. After controlling for age, sex, site, and specialty, each 1-point increase in the 7-point emotional exhaustion scale was associated with a greater likelihood of reducing FTE (odds ratio [OR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.23-1.67; P<.001) over the following 24 months, and each 1-point decrease in the 5-point satisfaction score was associated with greater likelihood of reducing FTE (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.03-1.74; P=.03). On longitudinal analysis at the individual physician level, each 1-point increase in emotional exhaustion (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.05-1.55; P=.01) or 1-point decrease in satisfaction (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.19-2.35; P=.003) between 2011 and 2013 was associated with a greater likelihood of reducing FTE over the following 12 months. CONCLUSION Among physicians in a large health care organization, burnout and declining satisfaction were strongly associated with actual reductions in professional work effort over the following 24 months.
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Shanafelt TD, Gorringe G, Menaker R, Storz KA, Reeves D, Buskirk SJ, Sloan JA, Swensen SJ. Impact of organizational leadership on physician burnout and satisfaction. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:432-40. [PMID: 25796117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of organizational leadership on the professional satisfaction and burnout of individual physicians working for a large health care organization. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We surveyed physicians and scientists working for a large health care organization in October 2013. Validated tools were used to assess burnout. Physicians also rated the leadership qualities of their immediate supervisor in 12 specific dimensions on a 5-point Likert scale. All supervisors were themselves physicians/scientists. A composite leadership score was calculated by summing scores for the 12 individual items (range, 12-60; higher scores indicate more effective leadership). RESULTS Of the 3896 physicians surveyed, 2813 (72.2%) responded. Supervisor scores in each of the 12 leadership dimensions and composite leadership score strongly correlated with the burnout and satisfaction scores of individual physicians (all P<.001). On multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, duration of employment at Mayo Clinic, and specialty, each 1-point increase in composite leadership score was associated with a 3.3% decrease in the likelihood of burnout (P<.001) and a 9.0% increase in the likelihood of satisfaction (P<.001) of the physicians supervised. The mean composite leadership rating of each division/department chair (n=128) also correlated with the prevalence of burnout (correlation=-0.330; r(2)=0.11; P<.001) and satisfaction (correlation=0.684; r(2)=0.47; P<.001) at the division/department level. CONCLUSION The leadership qualities of physician supervisors appear to impact the well-being and satisfaction of individual physicians working in health care organizations. These findings have important implications for the selection and training of physician leaders and provide new insights into organizational factors that affect physician well-being.
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Dilling JA, Swensen SJ, Hoover MR, Dankbar GC, Donahoe-Anshus AL, Murad MH, Mueller JT. Accelerating the use of best practices: the Mayo Clinic Model of Diffusion. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2013; 39:167-76. [PMID: 23641536 DOI: 10.1016/s1553-7250(13)39023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Swensen SJ, Dilling JA, Mc Carty PM, Bolton JW, Harper CM. The Business Case for Health-Care Quality Improvement. J Patient Saf 2013; 9:44-52. [DOI: 10.1097/pts.0b013e3182753e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lindsay ME, Hovan MJ, Deming JR, Hunt VL, Witwer SG, Fedraw LA, Sayre JW, Matthews MR, Halling VW, Graber RC, Martin RL, Wright JC, Myers JF, Plate RH, Hruska SM, Huttar KA, Pachuta LS, Resar RK, Edwards FD, Chang YHH, Swensen SJ. Improving hypertension control in diabetes: a multisite quality improvement project that applies a 3-step care bundle to a chronic disease care model for diabetes with hypertension. Am J Med Qual 2013; 28:365-73. [PMID: 23314577 DOI: 10.1177/1062860612469683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension in diabetes patients leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless blood pressure (BP) control in patients with diabetes remains disappointing. The authors applied a care bundle to decrease the proportion of patients with BP exceeding 130/80. Teams from 4 sites in 3 states (Minnesota, Florida, and Arizona) developed a bundle consisting of a standardized BP process, an order set, and a patient goal. Baseline data were collected in the first 12 weeks, followed by 6 weeks of implementing changes. The final 16 weeks represented the intervention. There was a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of patients with uncontrolled BP in 3 of 4 sites (P < .0001 in all 3 sites demonstrating improvement). There was a statistically significant improvement in the satisfaction survey (P = .0011). Implementing an evidence-based care bundle for hypertension in diabetes mellitus can improve BP outcomes.
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Meyer GS, Nelson EC, Pryor DB, James B, Swensen SJ, Kaplan GS, Weissberg JI, Bisognano M, Yates GR, Hunt GC. More quality measures versus measuring what matters: a call for balance and parsimony. BMJ Qual Saf 2012; 21:964-8. [PMID: 22893696 PMCID: PMC3594932 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
External groups requiring measures now include public and private payers, regulators, accreditors and others that certify performance levels for consumers, patients and payers. Although benefits have accrued from the growth in quality measurement, the recent explosion in the number of measures threatens to shift resources from improving quality to cover a plethora of quality-performance metrics that may have a limited impact on the things that patients and payers want and need (ie, better outcomes, better care, and lower per capita costs). Here we propose a policy that quality measurement should be: balanced to meet the need of end users to judge quality and cost performance and the need of providers to continuously improve the quality, outcomes and costs of their services; and parsimonious to measure quality, outcomes and costs with appropriate metrics that are selected based on end-user needs.
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Steele JR, Sidhu MK, Swensen SJ, Murphy TP. Quality improvement in interventional radiology: an opportunity to demonstrate value and improve patient-centered care. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012; 23:435-41; quiz 442. [PMID: 22342483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The changing healthcare environment offers an opportunity for interventional radiology (IR) to showcase its value-specifically, to demonstrate that IR often offers the better, safer, faster, and less expensive treatment option for various clinical scenarios. The best way to demonstrate the value of IR now and to maintain this value in the future is through implementation of patient-centered care built on standardized care delivery, continuous quality improvement, and effective team dynamics.
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de Andrade M, Li Y, Marks RS, Deschamps C, Scanlon PD, Olswold CL, Jiang R, Swensen SJ, Sun Z, Cunningham JM, Wampfler JA, Limper AH, Midthun DE, Yang P. Genetic variants associated with the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without lung cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 5:365-73. [PMID: 22044695 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a strong risk factor for lung cancer. Published studies about variations of genes encoding glutathione metabolism, DNA repair, and inflammatory response pathways in susceptibility to COPD were inconclusive. We evaluated 470 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from 56 genes of these three pathways in 620 cases and 893 controls to identify susceptibility markers for COPD risk, using existing resources. We assessed SNP- and gene-level effects adjusting for sex, age, and smoking status. Differential genetic effects on disease risk with and without lung cancer were also assessed; cumulative risk models were established. Twenty-one SNPs were found to be significantly associated with risk of COPD (P < 0.01); gene-based analyses confirmed two genes (GCLC and GSS) and identified three additional genes (GSTO2, ERCC1, and RRM1). Carrying 12 high-risk alleles may increase risk by 2.7-fold; eight SNPs altered COPD risk without lung cancer by 3.1-fold and 4 SNPs altered the risk with lung cancer by 2.3-fold. Our findings indicate that multiple genetic variations in the three selected pathways contribute to COPD risk through GCLC, GSS, GSTO2, ERCC1, and RRM1 genes. Functional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of these genes in the development of COPD, lung cancer, or both.
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Swensen SJ, Dilling JA, Harper CM, Noseworthy JH. The Mayo Clinic Value Creation System. Am J Med Qual 2011; 27:58-65. [DOI: 10.1177/1062860611410966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li Y, Swensen SJ, Karabekmez LG, Marks RS, Stoddard SM, Jiang R, Worra JB, Zhang F, Midthun DE, de Andrade M, Song Y, Yang P. Effect of emphysema on lung cancer risk in smokers: a computed tomography-based assessment. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 4:43-50. [PMID: 21119049 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of emphysema to lung cancer risk has been recognized, but the effect size needs to be further defined. In this study, 565 primary lung cancer cases were enrolled though a prospective lung cancer cohort at Mayo Clinic, and 450 controls were smokers participating in a lung cancer screening study in the same institution using spiral computed tomography (CT). Cases and controls were frequency matched on age, gender, race, smoking status, and residential region. CT imaging using standard protocol at the time of lung cancer diagnosis (case) or during the study (control) was assessed for emphysema by visual scoring CT analysis as a percentage of lung tissue destroyed. The clinical definition of emphysema was the diagnosis recorded in the medical documentation. Using multiple logistic regression models, emphysema (≥ 5% on CT) was found to be associated with a 3.8-fold increased lung cancer risk in Caucasians, with higher risk in subgroups of younger (<65 years old, OR = 4.64), heavy smokers (≥ 40 pack-years, OR = 4.46), and small-cell lung cancer (OR = 5.62). When using >0% or ≥ 10% emphysema on CT, lung cancer risk was 2.79-fold or 3.33-fold higher than controls. Compared with CT evaluation (using criterion ≥ 5%), the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis for emphysema in controls were 19%, 98%, 73%, 84%, and 83%, respectively. These results imply that an accurate evaluation of emphysema could help reliably identify individuals at greater risk of lung cancer among smokers.
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Sinicrope PS, Rabe KG, Brockman TA, Patten CA, Petersen WO, Slusser J, Yang P, Swensen SJ, Edell ES, de Andrade M, Petersen GM. Perceptions of lung cancer risk and beliefs in screening accuracy of spiral computed tomography among high-risk lung cancer family members. Acad Radiol 2010; 17:1012-25. [PMID: 20599157 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Spiral computed tomography (SCT) is being evaluated as a screening tool for lung cancer. Our objective was to describe the effect of participation in SCT screening on participants' risk perceptions, worry, and expectations regarding the accuracy of the screening result. MATERIALS AND METHODS We surveyed 60 individuals with lung cancer family history who were participating in an SCT study for the primary purpose of improving genetic linkage analysis at baseline, and then 1 and 6 months post-SCT. RESULTS Of the 60 participants, 40 received normal results, 19 received non-negative results requiring follow-up, and 1 was diagnosed with lung cancer. At baseline, participants reported high levels of perceived lung cancer risk (64%), were concerned about developing lung cancer (94%), and the majority (84%) were not OK with receiving a non-negative SCT result when they really didn't have cancer. At 1 month post-SCT, those with a non-negative screen (n = 19) had lowered their expectations of test accuracy regarding non-negative results (54%) and reported increased levels in worry/concern (100%) and perceived risk (75%), but these effects diminished over time and returned almost to baseline levels at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Persons at very high empiric risk for lung cancer expect their SCT screening test to be accurate and present with high levels of lung cancer risk perception and worry/concern overall. Our findings suggest a need for risk counseling and discussion on the limitations of screening tests to accurately detect lung cancer.
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Maldonado F, Bartholmai BJ, Swensen SJ, Midthun DE, Decker PA, Jett JR. Are airflow obstruction and radiographic evidence of emphysema risk factors for lung cancer? A nested case-control study using quantitative emphysema analysis. Chest 2010; 138:1295-302. [PMID: 20348193 DOI: 10.1378/chest.09-2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies have identified airflow obstruction as a risk factor for lung cancer independent of smoking history, but the risk associated with the presence of radiographic evidence of emphysema has not been extensively studied. We proposed to assess this risk using a quantitative volumetric CT scan analysis. METHODS Sixty-four cases of lung cancer were identified from a prospective cohort of 1,520 participants enrolled in a spiral CT scan lung cancer screening trial. Each case was matched to six control subjects for age, sex, and smoking history. Quantitative CT scan analysis of emphysema was performed. Spirometric measures were also conducted. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression making use of the 1:6 set groups of 64 cases and 377 matched control subjects. RESULTS Decreased FEV(1) and FEV(1)/FVC were significantly associated with a diagnosis of lung cancer with ORs of 1.15 (95% CI, 1.00-1.32; P = .046) and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.02-1.62; P = .031), respectively. The quantity of radiographic evidence of emphysema was not found to be a significant risk for lung cancer with OR of 1.042 (95% CI, 0.816-1.329; P = .743). Additionally, there was no significant association between severe emphysema and lung cancer with OR of 1.57 (95% CI, 0.73-3.37). CONCLUSIONS We confirm previous observations that airflow obstruction is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. The absence of a clear relationship between radiographic evidence of emphysema and lung cancer using an automated quantitative volumetric analysis may result from different population characteristics than those of prior studies, radiographic evidence of emphysema quantitation methodology, or absence of any relationship between emphysema and lung cancer risk.
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Swensen SJ, Meyer GS, Nelson EC, Hunt GC, Pryor DB, Weissberg JI, Kaplan GS, Daley J, Yates GR, Chassin MR, James BC, Berwick DM. Cottage industry to postindustrial care--the revolution in health care delivery. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:e12. [PMID: 20089956 DOI: 10.1056/nejmp0911199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Swensen SJ, Dilling JA, Milliner DS, Zimmerman RS, Maples WJ, Lindsay ME, Bartley GB. Quality: the Mayo Clinic approach. Am J Med Qual 2009; 24:428-40. [PMID: 19584375 DOI: 10.1177/1062860609339521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Developing highly reliable care for patients requires changes in some traditional beliefs of medical practice, an evolution toward a "system" of health care, the disciplined application of scientific principles, modifications in the way all future providers are trained, and a fundamental understanding by leadership that quality must become a business strategy and core work, not an expense or regulatory requirement. Quality at Mayo is defined as a composite of outcomes, safety, and service. A 4-part strategic construct focusing on Culture, Infrastructure, Engineering, and Execution has been developed to guide improvement activities and to ensure a comprehensive approach to better patient care. The Mayo Clinic experience has led to a greater understanding of the leadership commitment, organizational challenges, and the breadth of initiatives necessary to achieve highly reliable care.
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Lindell RM, Hartman TE, Swensen SJ, Jett JR, Midthun DE, Mandrekar JN. 5-year lung cancer screening experience: growth curves of 18 lung cancers compared to histologic type, CT attenuation, stage, survival, and size. Chest 2009; 136:1586-1595. [PMID: 19581354 DOI: 10.1378/chest.09-0915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although no study has prospectively documented the rate at which lung cancers grow, many have assumed exponential growth. The purpose of this study was to document the growth of lung cancers detected in high-risk participants receiving annual screening chest CT scans. METHODS Eighteen lung cancers were evaluated by at least four serial CT scans (4 men, 14 women; age range, 53 to 79 years; mean age, 66 years). CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for appearance, size, and volume (volume [v] = pi/6[ab(2)]). Growth curves (x = time [in days]; y = volume [cubic millimeters]) were plotted and subcategorized by histology, CT scan attenuation, stage, survival, and initial size. RESULTS Inclusion criteria favored smaller, less aggressive cancers. Growth curves varied, even when subcategorized by histology, CT scan attenuation, stage, survival, or initial size. Cancers associated with higher stages, mortality, or recurrence showed fairly steady growth or accelerated growth compared with earlier growth, although these growth patterns also were seen in lesser-stage lung cancers. Most lung cancers enlarged at fairly steady increments, but several demonstrated fairly flat growth curves, and others demonstrated periods of accelerated growth. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to plot individual lung cancer growth curves. Although parameters favored smaller, less aggressive cancers in women, it showed that lung cancers are not limited to exponential growth. Tumor size at one point or growth between two points did not appear to predict future growth. Studies and equations assuming exponential growth may potentially misrepresent an indeterminate nodule or the aggressiveness of a lung cancer.
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Fidler JL, MacCarty RL, Swensen SJ, Huprich JE, Thompson WG, Hoskin TL, Levine JA. Feasibility of Using a Walking Workstation During CT Image Interpretation. J Am Coll Radiol 2008; 5:1130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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