1
|
Ishii K, Matsue Y, Miyauchi K, Miyazaki S, Hidemori H, Nishizaki Y, Nojiri S, Saito Y, Nagashima K, Okumura Y, Daida H, Minamino T. Predicting new-onset heart failure hospitalization of patients with atrial fibrillation: development and external validations of a risk score. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a well-known risk factor for heart failure (HF), and HF development as a complication of AF is associated with a decline in the quality of life and poor prognosis. However, unlike thrombotic events, incidence of HF in patients with AF has not changed for decades, and a preventive strategy has yet to be developed.
Purpose
We sought to develop a risk model for new-onset HF admission in patients with AF and without a history of HF. Additionally, we attempted to externally validate the developed risk model.
Methods
We utilized two multicenter, prospective, observational registries of AF and analyzed the patients without a history of AF. One of which is defined as a derivation cohort, which included 2,857 patients, and the other is defined as a validation cohort, which included 2,516 patients. We developed a risk model by selecting variables with regularized regression and weighing coefficients by Cox regression analysis with the derivation cohort. The external validity was tested in the validation cohort.
Results
During the follow-up period, 148 patients (5.2%) in the derivation cohort and 104 patients (4.1%) in the validation cohort developed HF during the median follow-up period of 1,396 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1,078–1,820) days and 1,168 (IQR: 844–1,309) days, respectively. In the derivation cohort, four predictors (age, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, and log-transformed brain natriuretic peptide) were identified as potential risk factors for HF development. The developed risk model showed good discrimination and calibration in both the derivation (area under the curve [AUC], 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73–0.81]; Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P=0.257) and validation cohorts (AUC: 0.76 [95% CI 0.72–0.81]; Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P=0.475). Considering death not due to HF as a competing risk, the cumulative incidence curves for HF admission stratified by the risk score were generated, which showed higher HF hospitalization rate for the higher risk score categories.
Conclusion
The newly developed risk model with four readily available clinical characteristics and biomarkers performed well in the prediction of new-onset HF admission of patients with AF in both derivation and validation cohort.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
Collapse
|
2
|
Oda M, Azuma T, Watanabe N, Nishizaki Y, Nishida J, Ishii K, Suzuki H, Kaneko H, Komatsu H, Tsukada N, Tsuchiya M. Regulatory Mechanism of Hepatic Microcirculation: Involvement of the Contraction and Dilatation of Sinusoids and Sinusoidal Endothelial Fenestrae1. PROGRESS IN APPLIED MICROCIRCULATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1159/000418654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
3
|
Tamaki H, Nishizaki Y, Yamaguchi KI, Kawakita T, Kishimoto M, Okada M. FRI0423 Risk factors for positive rheumatoid factor among 31,207 people without rheumatologic disorders – further analysis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
4
|
Sakurada I, Ikada Y, Nishizaki Y. Chemical structure of cellulose-styrene graft copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polc.5070370116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
5
|
Ueha-Ishibashi T, Tatsuishi T, Iwase K, Nakao H, Umebayashi C, Nishizaki Y, Nishimura Y, Oyama Y, Hirama S, Okano Y. Property of thimerosal-induced decrease in cellular content of glutathione in rat thymocytes: a flow cytometric study with 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate. Toxicol In Vitro 2005; 18:563-9. [PMID: 15251173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2004.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2003] [Accepted: 01/07/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a concern on the part of public health community that adverse health consequences by thimerosal, a preservative in vaccines for infants, may occur among infants during immunization schedule. Therefore, the effect of thimerosal on cellular content of glutathione was examined on thymocytes obtained from 4-week-old rats using a flow cytometer and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate. Thimerosal at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 microM reduced the cellular content of glutathione in a concentration-dependent manner, and the complete depletion of cellular glutathione was observed when the cells were treated with 30 microM thimerosal. L-Cysteine significantly attenuated the actions of thimerosal to reduce the glutathione content and to increase the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Prolonged incubation (24 h) with 1-3 microM thimerosal induced the apoptosis. The cytotoxic action of thimerosal was greatly augmented when the cells suffered oxidative stress induced by H2O2. It may be unlikely that thimerosal exerts potent cytotoxic action under the in vivo condition because the blood concentration of thimerosal after receiving vaccines does not seem to reach micromolar range and nonprotein thiols at micromolar concentrations are present in the blood.
Collapse
|
6
|
Umebayashi C, Oyama Y, Chikahisa-Muramastu L, Nakao H, Nishizaki Y, Nakata M, Soeda F, Takahama K. Tri-n-butyltin-induced cytotoxicity on rat thymocytes in presence and absence of serum. Toxicol In Vitro 2004; 18:55-61. [PMID: 14630062 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2003.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Influence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) on cytotoxicity induced by tri-n-butyltin (TBT), an environmental pollutant, on rat thymocytes was examined to reveal how FBS modifies TBT cytotoxicity. As the medium FBS concentration was increased from 0 to 10%, the cytotoxicity of TBT was dose-dependently reduced when the cells were incubated with 1 microM TBT for 3 h. Almost complete inhibitions of TBT-induced changes in cell viability and population of cells with exposed phosphatidylserine (cells undergoing apoptosis) were observed when the FBS concentration was 10%. Thus, the cytotoxicity induced by 3 h incubation with TBT in FBS-free medium may be different from that in medium containing 10% FBS. However, even in presence of 10% FBS, TBT at concentrations ranging from 10 to 300 nM exerted cytotoxic action on rat thymocytes when the cells were incubated with TBT for 24 h. TBT dose-dependently increased the population of shrunken cells, of which more than 30% were stained with propidium. TBT at 30 nM or more significantly increased the population of cells with hypodiploid DNA, indicating TBT-induced apoptotic cell death. Thus, in the presence of 10% FBS, the prolonged incubation (24 h) of rat thymocytes with TBT at nanomolar concentrations induced apoptosis rather than necrosis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Haga K, Nishizaki Y, Iino M. Blue-light-dependent osmoregulation in protoplasts of Phaseolus vulgaris Pulvini. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 42:1363-72. [PMID: 11773529 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pce173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Blue light was found to induce shrinkage of the protoplasts isolated from first-leaf lamina pulvini of 18-day-old Phaseolus vulgaris. The response was transient following pulse stimulation, while it was sustainable during continuous stimulation. No apparent difference was found between flexor and extensor protoplasts. Protoplasts of the petiolar segment located close to the pulvinus showed no detectable response. In the plants used, the pulvinus was fully matured and the petiole was ceasing its elongation growth. When younger, 12-day-old, plants were used, however, the petiolar protoplasts did respond to blue light. The pulse-induced response was similar to that in pulvinar protoplasts, although the response to continuous stimulation was transient and differed from that in pulvinar protoplasts. No shrinkage was induced in pulvinar protoplasts when the far-red-light-absorbing form of phytochrome was absent for a period before blue-light stimulation, indicating that the blue-light responsiveness is strictly controlled by phytochrome. Inhibitors of anion channels and H(+)-ATPase abolished the shrinking response, supporting the view that protoplasts shrink by extruding ions. The response of pulvinar protoplasts is probably involved in the blue-light-induced, turgor-based movement of pulvini. The blue-light responding system in pulvini is suggested to have evolved from that functioning in other growing organs.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kimoto T, Hino K, Koya-Miyata S, Yamamoto Y, Takeuchi M, Nishizaki Y, Micallef MJ, Ushio S, Iwaki K, Ikeda M, Kurimoto M. Cell differentiation and apoptosis of monocytic and promyelocytic leukemia cells (U-937 and HL-60) by tryptanthrin, an active ingredient of Polygonum tinctorium Lour. Pathol Int 2001; 51:315-25. [PMID: 11422788 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1827.2001.01204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tryptanthrin, a bioactive ingredient of Polygonum tinctorium Lour., is a member of the Indigo plant family and has potent cytocidal effects on various human leukemia cells in vitro. At low concentrations, tryptanthrin enhanced the expression of cell differentiation (CD) markers in human monocytic (U-937) and promyelocytic (HL-60) leukemia cells indicative of differentiation to monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reductive and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NBE) activities were markedly increased after treatment. Tryptanthrin was more potent than dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at inducing U-937 cell differentiation into monocytes/macrophages. After treatment with higher concentrations of tryptanthrin for 24 h, cytoplasmic vacuolation and destruction of mitochondria were observed. The leukemia cells died via apoptosis 48 h after treatment. Cytoplasmic vacuolation and apoptotic changes correlated with the dysfunction of mitochondria. Electron microscopic observations revealed marked swelling and destruction of mitochondria after exposure of the leukemia cells to tryptanthrin. Exposure to tryptanthrin enhanced Fas-induced apoptosis and increased caspase-3 activity before induction of apoptosis. These results show that low concentrations of tryptanthrin can induce differentiation of leukemia cells but higher concentrations will kill leukemia cells through apoptosis, possibly through a caspase-3/Fas antigen pathway.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nakamura H, Motegi S, Nishizaki Y, Muramatsu C, Kobayashi F, Itakura M, Chino O, Kondo Y, Shibuya M, Matsuzaki S. [A case of ileal heterotopic pancreas causing melena]. NIHON SHOKAKIBYO GAKKAI ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF GASTRO-ENTEROLOGY 2001; 98:549-52. [PMID: 11400284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
|
10
|
Nishizaki Y, Shimazu K, Kondoh H, Sasaki H. Identification of essential sequence motifs in the node/notochord enhancer of Foxa2 (Hnf3beta) gene that are conserved across vertebrate species. Mech Dev 2001; 102:57-66. [PMID: 11287181 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The expression of a winged-helix transcription factor, Foxa2/HNF3beta, is essential for development of the node and the notochord. We examined the node/notochord enhancer of mouse Foxa2 for sequence motifs conserved across vertebrate species. We cloned Foxa2 genes from chicken and fish, and identified the respective node/notochord enhancers that were active in transgenic mouse embryos. Comparison of the sequences of the enhancers revealed three evolutionally conserved sequence motifs, CS1, CS2 and CS3. Mutational analysis of the mouse enhancer indicated that CS3 is indispensable for gene expression in the node and the notochord, while CS1 and CS2 are required to augment enhancer activity. These motifs do not correspond to the consensus binding sequences of transcription factors known to be involved in node/notochord development.
Collapse
|
11
|
Uchida S, Yamamoto M, Masaoka Y, Mikouchi H, Nishizaki Y. A case of acute pulmonary embolism and acute myocardial infarction with suspected paradoxical embolism after laparoscopic surgery. Heart Vessels 2000; 14:197-200. [PMID: 10776824 DOI: 10.1007/bf02482307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe the case of a 59-year-old Japanese man who had an acute pulmonary embolism in addition to acute myocardial infarction after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The posterior descending coronary artery was totally occluded. and direct percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty was performed. The pulmonary embolism was diagnosed by lung perfusion scanning and was treated with anticoagulant therapy. A patent foramen ovale and right-to-left atrial shunting of blood were detected by contrast transesophageal echocardiography. Paradoxical embolism is a rare complication of pulmonary embolism and may have been responsible for the acute myocardial infarction in our patient.
Collapse
|
12
|
Okazaki Y, Azuma K, Nishizaki Y. A pulse of blue light induces a transient increase in activity of apoplastic K+ in laminar pulvinus of Phaseolus vulgaris L. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 41:230-233. [PMID: 10795319 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/41.2.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A pulse of blue light induced both a transient increase in activity of apoplastic K+ and membrane depolarization in laminar pulvinus of Phaseolus vulgaris L. This shows that blue-light-induced net efflux of K+ from motor cells is closely related to membrane depolarization.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ding Q, Fukami SI, Meng X, Nishizaki Y, Zhang X, Sasaki H, Dlugosz A, Nakafuku M, Hui CC. Mouse suppressor of fused is a negative regulator of sonic hedgehog signaling and alters the subcellular distribution of Gli1. Curr Biol 1999; 9:1119-22. [PMID: 10531011 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has critical functions during embryogenesis of both invertebrate and vertebrate species [1]; defects in this pathway in humans can cause developmental disorders as well as neoplasia [2]. Although the Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3 zinc finger proteins are known to be effectors of Hh signaling in vertebrates, the mechanisms regulating activity of these transcription factors remain poorly understood [3] [4]. In Drosophila, activity of the Gli homolog Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is likely to be modulated by its interaction with a cytoplasmic complex containing several other proteins [5] [6], including Costal2, Fused (Fu), and Suppressor of fused (Su(fu)), the last of which has been shown to interact directly with Ci [7]. We have cloned mouse Suppressor of fused (mSu(fu)) and detected its 4.5 kb transcript throughout embryogenesis and in several adult tissues. In cultured cells, mSu(fu) overexpression inhibited transcriptional activation mediated by Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Gli1 and Gli2. Co-immunoprecipitation of epitope-tagged proteins indicated that mSu(fu) interacts with Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3, and that the inhibitory effects of mSu(fu) on Gli1's transcriptional activity were mediated through interactions with both amino- and carboxy-terminal regions of Gli1. Gli1 was localized primarily to the nucleus of both HeLa cells and the Shh-responsive cell line MNS-70; co-expression with mSu(fu) resulted in a striking increase in cytoplasmic Gli1 immunostaining. Our findings indicate that mSu(fu) can function as a negative regulator of Shh signaling and suggest that this effect is mediated by interaction with Gli transcription factors.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sasaki H, Nishizaki Y, Hui C, Nakafuku M, Kondoh H. Regulation of Gli2 and Gli3 activities by an amino-terminal repression domain: implication of Gli2 and Gli3 as primary mediators of Shh signaling. Development 1999; 126:3915-24. [PMID: 10433919 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126.17.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gli family zinc finger proteins are mediators of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling in vertebrates. The question remains unanswered, however, as to how these Gli proteins participate in the Shh signaling pathway. In this study, regulatory activities associated with the Gli2 protein were investigated in relation to the Shh signaling. Although Gli2 acts as a weak transcriptional activator, it is in fact a composite of positive and negative regulatory domains. In cultured cells, truncation of the activation domain in the C-terminal half results in a protein with repressor activity, while removal of the repression domain at the N terminus converts Gli2 into a strong activator. In transgenic mouse embryos, N-terminally truncated Gli2, unlike the full length protein, activates a Shh target gene, HNF3beta, in the dorsal neural tube, thus mimicking the effect of Shh signal. This suggests that unmasking of the strong activation potential of Gli2 through modulation of the N-terminal repression domain is one of the key mechanisms of the Shh signaling. A similar regulatory mechanism involving the N-terminal region was also found for Gli3, but not for Gli1. When the Shh signal derived from the notochord is received by the neural plate, the widely expressed Gli2 and Gli3 proteins are presumably converted to their active forms in the ventral cells, leading to activation of transcription of their target genes, including Gli1.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kagawa T, Sato M, Hosoi K, Uchiyama J, Nishizaki Y, Watanabe N, Inagaki Y, Kimura M, Matsuzaki S. Absence of R1066X mutation in six Japanese patients with Dubin-Johnson syndrome. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 1999; 47:639-44. [PMID: 10319416 DOI: 10.1080/15216549900201693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) is a rare autosomal recessive liver disease characterized by chronic conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The phenotype of this syndrome is thought to be caused by the impaired expression of the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT), which transports non-bile salt organic anions into the bile. Recently, a mutation from arginine (Arg) to stop-codon at codon 1066 in the cMOAT gene has been reported in one Caucasian patient with DJS. In this study, we investigated whether this mutation is found in Japanese patients with DJS. Genomic DNAs were extracted from the leukocytes of six Japanese patients and the fragments spanning codon 1066 were amplified by polymerase-chain reaction. The digest of the amplified fragments with a restriction enzyme, Taql, demonstrated that all of six patients did not exhibit an R1066X mutation. No mutation at Arg1066 was also confirmed by direct sequencing of the amplified products. These findings suggested that this R1066X mutation was not a major mutation in Japanese patients with DJS. Further investigation will be required in an attempt to search other mutations in cMOAT gene in Japanese patients with DJS.
Collapse
|
16
|
Takashimizu S, Watanabe N, Nishizaki Y, Kawazoe K, Matsuzaki S. Mechanisms of hepatic microcirculatory disturbances induced by acute ethanol administration in rats, with special reference to alterations of sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999; 23:39S-46S. [PMID: 10235277 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of the hepatic hemodynamics in acute ethanol administration is an issue of clinical importance for better understanding of alcoholic liver diseases. The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of hepatic microcirculatory disturbances after acute ethanol administration, especially regarding the effects of ethanol on alterations of sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae (SEF) and the involvement of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the mechanism of portal hypertension induced by ethanol. Ethanol was administrated into the portal vein via the mesenteric vein branch of rats as a continuous infusion (4 and 8 mg/min of ethanol) for 60 min. Hepatic tissue blood flow measured with a laser Doppler blood flowmeter was found to be remarkably decreased with time, whereas portal pressure began to increase at 10 min and showed a significant increase by approximately 1.5 cm H2O at 60 min. Ethanol concentrations in blood at 60 min after 4 and 8 mg/min of ethanol infusion were 0.75 mg/ml and 1.77 mg/ml, respectively. At this point, scanning electron microscopy revealed significant decreases in number and diameter of SEF both in zone 1 and zone 3, with the increase in ethanol level. These findings suggested that decreases in number and diameter of SEF, whether primary or secondary, may lead to the impairment of the transport of plasma substances from sinusoids to hepatocytes in acute ethanol administration. Furthermore, the pretreatment of BQ-123 inhibited a decrease in hepatic tissue blood flow and an increase in portal pressure caused by ethanol, indicating that ET-1 may be involved in the mechanism of hepatic circulatory disturbances in acute ethanol administration.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Blood Flow Velocity
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
- Endothelin-1/physiology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/ultrastructure
- Ethanol/administration & dosage
- Ethanol/adverse effects
- Ethanol/blood
- Hypertension, Portal/chemically induced
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Liver/blood supply
- Male
- Mesenteric Veins
- Microscopy, Electron
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Portal Vein/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Endothelin A
- Venous Pressure
Collapse
|
17
|
Nagata N, Nishizaki Y, Watanabe N, Tsuda M, Matsuzaki S. An enzyme immune assay for serum anti-acetaldehyde adduct antibody using low-density lipoprotein adduct and its significance in alcoholic liver injury. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998; 22:150S-155S. [PMID: 9622394 DOI: 10.1111/acer.1998.22.s3_part1.150s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An acetaldehyde (AcH) adduct was prepared using rabbit low-density lipoprotein as carrier proteins. An antibody against this adduct was raised in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits and cross-reacted with human low-density lipoprotein and bovine serum albumin adducts. Using this antibody, serum anti-AcH-adduct antibody levels were measured by a direct ELISA method in 56 Japanese adults (healthy adults and patients with nonalcoholic gastrointestinal diseases, alcoholic liver injury, or alcoholic pancreatitis). The antibody level (mean +/- SD) was 22 +/- 10 microg/ml in healthy adults, 22 +/- 11 microg/ml in nonalcoholic gastrointestinal diseases, and 16 +/- 13 microg/ml in alcoholic pancreatitis. These antibody levels tended to increase with the progression of alcoholic liver injury, starting from fatty liver via hepatitis to cirrhosis, 29 +/- 24 microg/ml in fatty liver, 35 +/- 29 microg/ml in alcoholic hepatitis, and 46 +/- 54 microg/ml in alcoholic cirrhosis. The antibody level in patients taking 100 g or more of ethanol per day tended to be higher, compared with those in people taking less ethanol. A follow-up observation revealed that alcohol abstinence after hospitalization raised serum anti-AcH-adduct antibody level in some patients and kept it constantly low in other patients. The immunohistochemical study using the anti-AcH-adduct antibody revealed the presence of adduct-like substance in hepatocytes of liver biopsy specimens obtained from patients with alcoholic liver disease. The results indicate that the anti-AcH-adduct antibody may be associated with the progress of alcoholic liver diseases.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kagawa T, Watanabe N, Sato M, Nakano A, Nishizaki Y, Hosoi K, Takashimizu S, Uchiyama J, Kimura M, Matsuzaki S. Differential expression of multidrug resistance (mdr) and canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT) genes following extrahepatic biliary obstruction in rats. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 1998; 44:443-52. [PMID: 9556204 DOI: 10.1080/15216549800201462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hepatic canalicular membrane has transporters that play an important role as efflux pumps in the excretion of endogenous bile constituents or xenobiotics into bile canaliculi. To elucidate functional significance of canalicular transporters in the mechanism of cholestasis, mRNA expression levels of multidrug resistance (mdr) 1b, mdr2 and canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT) genes were analyzed by Southern blotting of reverse-transcribed PCR products of liver mRNA obtained from cholestatic rats that had been subjected to bile duct ligation. Both mdr1b and mdr2 mRNA expression increased after ligation. Immunohistochemical study revealed that the products of both mdr1b and mdr2 were present on the canaliculi, and that their levels increased after ligation. In contrast, cMOAT mRNA expression was not increased, but rather attenuated by ligation. The expression of canalicular transporters was differentially regulated in extrahepatic biliary obstruction, indicating the different roles are played by mdr and cMOAT in the pathogenesis of cholestasis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Animals
- Anion Transport Proteins
- Bile Ducts/surgery
- Bilirubin/blood
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Cholestasis, Extrahepatic/genetics
- Cholestasis, Extrahepatic/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Immunohistochemistry
- Ligation
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
Collapse
|
19
|
Tanaka Y, Nakano A, Uchiyama J, Takashimizu S, Nishizaki Y, Kagawa T, Watanabe N, Matsuzaki S. [Effect of drainage and injection factor XIII with fibrinogen for hepatic biloma resulting from transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma--report of two cases]. NIHON SHOKAKIBYO GAKKAI ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF GASTRO-ENTEROLOGY 1998; 95:238-45. [PMID: 9558881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
20
|
Kagawa T, Hosoi K, Takashimizu S, Kawazoe K, Mochizuki K, Wasada M, Nagata N, Uchiyama J, Nakano A, Nishizaki Y, Watanabe N, Matsuzaki S. Comparison of two interferon alfa treatment regimens characterized by an early virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 1998; 93:192-6. [PMID: 9468240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the efficacy of an interferon regimen characterized by an early virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C and evaluated whether the patient's virological status during therapy would be useful for predicting a complete response. METHODS We treated 62 patients with chronic hepatitis C with 6 million units (MU) of human lymphoblastoid interferon daily for 4 wk. The serum HCV RNA was assayed at week 2 by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. HCV RNA-negative patients (group A) received 6 MU of interferon three times weekly for an additional 22 wk (total dose, 564 MU). HCV RNA-positive patients were randomly assigned to group B-1, which received the same regimen as group A, or to group B-2, which received 6 MU of interferon daily for 4 wk followed by 6 MU three times weekly for 18 wk (total dose, 660 MU). RESULTS Complete responses were achieved by 19 (63.3%) of 30 group A patients, compared with one (6.3%) of 16 group B-1 patients and none of 16 group B-2 patients. The virological response at week 2 and the pretreatment serum HCV RNA level were independent significant predictors of a complete response. CONCLUSION Patients who were still HCV RNA-positive at week 2 were unlikely to achieve a complete response after interferon therapy. An increase in the total dose of interferon failed to yield further benefit in these patients.
Collapse
|
21
|
Mori A, Kaminuma O, Suko M, Mikami T, Nishizaki Y, Ohmura T, Hoshino A, Asakura Y, Miyazawa K, Ando T, Okumura Y, Yamamoto K, Okudaira H. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of IL-5 synthesis in atopic diseases: a study with allergen-specific human helper T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 100:S56-64. [PMID: 9440546 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(97)70006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines produced by helper T cells are intimately involved in chronic allergic diseases associated with eosinophilic inflammation. OBJECTIVE We investigated the production of IL-5, a potent growth factor and chemotactic factor for eosinophils, by CD4+ T lymphocytes in patients with asthma. METHODS Allergen-specific T cell clones and T cell hybridomas were established from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with asthma, and the responses to various stimuli were determined. RESULTS After nonspecific stimulation, IL-5 production by CD4+ T cells from both atopic and nonatopic subjects with asthma was significantly enhanced compared with that by cells from healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopic asthma patients both proliferated and produced IL-5 after incubation with mite allergen, suggesting that mite-specific helper T cells were involved in the eosinophilic inflammation of atopic asthma. A human IL-5 promoter/enhancer luciferase gene construct transfected into IL-5-producing T cell clones was clearly transcribed after stimulation, indicating that the 515 base pair IL-5 gene segment upstream of the coding region was sufficient to respond to activating signals in human helper T cells. The same gene segment was not transcribed in IL-5-nonproducing T cell clones, suggesting that human T cell IL-5 synthesis is regulated at the transcriptional level. Experiments with T cell hybridomas confirmed these findings and suggested that a unique transcription factor may be essential for human IL-5 gene transcription. CONCLUSION Enhanced IL-5 production by helper T cells seems to cause the eosinophilic inflammation of both atopic and nonatopic asthma. Elucidation of IL-5-specific regulatory mechanisms may facilitate the development of novel treatments for allergic diseases associated with eosinophilic inflammation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Takeuchi M, Nishizaki Y, Sano O, Ohta T, Ikeda M, Kurimoto M. Immunohistochemical and immuno-electron-microscopic detection of interferon-gamma-inducing factor ("interleukin-18") in mouse intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Tissue Res 1997; 289:499-503. [PMID: 9232828 DOI: 10.1007/s004410050895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The novel cytokine interferon-gamma-inducing factor ("interleukin-18") is produced by macrophage-like cells in mice with endotoxin shock and induces the production of interferon-gamma by T cells in vitro. To determine the physiological role for mouse interferon-gamma-inducing factor, we studied its tissue distribution in several organs (intestine, spleen, thymus, kidney, and liver) in healthy mice of different ages, including fetal stages. Activity of the cytokine in the organ extracts of adult mice was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the cellular distribution of interferon-gamma-inducing factor in organs from fetal and adult mice was determined by immunohistochemistry. Intestinal extracts of adult mice showed the highest concentrations among the organs studied. Other organ extracts of adult mice showed lower concentrations of the cytokine. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that interferon-gamma-inducing factor was localized in the cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells from fetal and adult mice. These results show for the first time that intestinal epithelial cells may be the main producers of interferon-gamma-inducing factor under normal physiological conditions and suggest that its constitutive expression in intestinal epithelial cells may have an important role in the induction of mucosal immunity.
Collapse
|
23
|
Okazaki Y, Watanabe N, Uchiyama J, Nakano A, Nishizaki Y, Kagawa T, Matsuzaki S. [A case of hypersensitivity type of liver injury induced by pyrimetamine and sulfadoxin (Fansidar)]. NIHON SHOKAKIBYO GAKKAI ZASSHI = THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF GASTRO-ENTEROLOGY 1997; 94:129-32. [PMID: 9071177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
24
|
Mori A, Suko M, Kaminuma O, Nishizaki Y, Mikami T, Ohmura T, Hoshino A, Inoue S, Tsuruoka N, Okumura Y, Sato G, Ito K, Okudaira H. A critical role of IL-2 for the production and gene transcription of IL-5 in allergen-specific human T cell clones. Int Immunol 1996; 8:1889-95. [PMID: 8982773 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/8.12.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of IL-2 in IL-5 synthesis of human helper T cells was investigated. All of the Der f II (a major allergen of house dust mite)-specific T cell clones established from atopic asthmatic patients produced both IL-2 and IL-4 upon activation (Th0 phenotypes). Recombinant IL-2 induced gene expression and protein synthesis of IL-5 in T cell clones that produced IL-5 upon antigenic stimulation. Human IL-5 promoter/enhancer-luciferase gene construct transfected to T cell clones was clearly transcribed in response to IL-2, indicating that the approximately 500 bp gene segment 5' upstream of the coding region was functionally sufficient for the gene transcription induced by IL-2. IL-2-induced IL-5 synthesis as well as proliferation was dependent on tyrosine kinases. Moreover, IL-5 production by T cell clones stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3 antibody was completely abrogated by anti-IL-2 neutralizing antibody, suggesting that IL-5 (a Th2 cytokine) synthesis of human helper T cells is dependent on IL-2 (a Th1 cytokine). Our present findings clearly demonstrated that IL-2, known as a T cell growth factor, exerts a cytokine promoting activity on T cells. IL-2 produced at the site of allergic inflammation might facilitate eosinophilic inflammation by inducing IL-5 production in T cells.
Collapse
|
25
|
Mori A, Suko M, Kaminuma O, Inoue S, Ohmura T, Nishizaki Y, Nagahori T, Asakura Y, Hoshino A, Okumura Y, Sato G, Ito K, Okudaira H. IL-15 promotes cytokine production of human T helper cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.156.7.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-15 is a newly identified cytokine that has T cell and B cell growth factor activity similar to that of IL-2. In this study, a novel biologic function of IL-15 to promote cytokine production by human Th cells has been elucidated. Dermatophagoides farinae 11 (a major allergen of house dust mite)-specific human T cell clones produced IL-5 in response to recombinant human IL-15 as well as to either anti-CD3 or IL-2 stimulation. IL-5 mRNA became detectable 3 h after IL-15 stimulation and reached a maximum at 9 h. Human IL-5 promoter/enhancer-luciferase gene construct transfected to T cell clones was clearly transcribed in response to IL-15, indicating that the approximately 500-bp human IL-5 promoter/enhancer segment 5' upstream of the coding region sufficiently responded to IL-15. IL-15-induced IL-5 synthesis was completely inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A, suggesting the involvement of tyrosine kinases in the signal transduction leading to IL-5 synthesis as well as to proliferation of T cells induced by IL-15. Whereas IL-5 production by human peripheral T cells was abolished by the addition of anti-IL-2-neutralizing Abs into the culture, IL-15 restored the IL-5 synthesis despite effective IL-2 neutralization. IL-15 produced at the site of allergic inflammation may play a role in the recruitment and activation of eosinophils by inducing IL-5 (a Th2 cytokine) production by T cells.
Collapse
|