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Williamson DG, Sinha A, Frost I, Singh VK. Management of persistent wide QRS in flecainide overdose with magnesium sulphate. Emerg Med J 2010; 27:487-8. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2009.081075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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227
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Sinha A, Srivastava M. Biochemical Changes in Mungbean Plants Infected by Mungbean yellow mosaic virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ijv.2010.150.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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228
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Finlay J, Quon H, Sinha A, Malloy K. SU-GG-I-169: Effective Photodynamic Dose Delivered by Head and Neck Visualization Light Sources. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Bedi P, Sinha A, Agarwal S, Awasthi A, Prasad G, Saini D. Influence of Terrain on Modern Tactical Combat: Trust-based Recommender System. DEFENCE SCI J 2010. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.60.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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230
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Kalra S, Williams A, Whitaker R, Hossain M, Curtis G, Giles M, Sinha A, Bastawrous SS. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction does not affect one-year mortality in elderly patients after hip fracture: a prospective longitudinal study. Injury 2010; 41:385-7. [PMID: 19880113 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mortality after hip fractures in the elderly is one of the most important patient outcome measures. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction is common in the elderly population. This is a prospective study of 131 elderly patients with a mean (SD) age of 82.0 (8.9) years (range: 61-94) admitted consecutively to our trauma unit. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction in an elderly cohort of patients with hip fracture and to determine if this affects the one-year mortality. There were three times more women (n=100) than men (n=31) in this cohort. All patients underwent surgical treatment for the hip fracture. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH>5.5 mU/L) was 15% (n=20) and of subclinical hyperthyroidism (TSH<0.35 mU/L) was 3% (n=4). Overall 18% (n=24) of patients had a subclinical thyroid dysfunction. The twelve-month mortality was 27% (n=36). Age, gender, heart rate at admission, pre-existing coronary heart disease, ASA grade and presence of overt or subclinical thyroid dysfunction were analysed for association with twelve-month mortality using a forward stepwise logistic regression analysis. Only ASA grade was found to significantly affect mortality at twelve months (chi(2)=3.98, df=1, p=0.046). Independently the presence of subclinical hypo- or hyperthyroidism was not associated with a higher mortality (p=0.477). We conclude that subclinical thyroid dysfunction does not affect the one-year mortality in elderly patients treated surgically for hip fracture.
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Sinha A, Tekkis PP, Neale KF, Phillips RKS, Clark SK. Risk factors predicting intra-abdominal desmoids in familial adenomatous polyposis: a single centre experience. Tech Coloproctol 2010; 14:141-6. [PMID: 20352275 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-010-0573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desmoids are myofibroblastic proliferations occurring in 15% of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), 70% being intra-abdominal desmoids (IAD). Since the morbidity and mortality due to desmoids is almost entirely attributable to IAD, we aimed to identify specifically risk factors predicting IAD development in FAP. METHODS We undertook a retrospective review of our institutional database. Multivariate analysis was performed, and hazard ratios (HR) calculated for variables including female gender, 3' APC mutation, surgical intervention for FAP (colectomy with ileo-rectal anastomosis or restorative proctocolectomy), age at surgery and family history (FH) of desmoids. RESULTS Of the 558 patients analysed, 49 (9%) developed IAD; 22 (4%) diagnosed intra-operatively and 27 (5%) developing over a median post-operative period of 34 (7-120) months. 75% of IAD had developed before age 40. A 3' APC mutation (HR 5.2, 95% CI 2.1-13.3, P = 0.001), positive FH (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4-4.6, P = 0.003) and female gender (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-3.5, P = 0.04) were found to be predictive of IAD development. No significant difference in IAD risk was detected between the type of surgical intervention (P = 0.37) or age at surgery (P = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis confirms 3' APC mutation to be the most significant risk factor for IAD development. The independent association between positive FH and IAD risk suggests the existence of modifier genes, independent of the APC genotype-phenotype correlation. Few of these risk factors can be meaningfully modified. Delaying prophylactic surgery may be appropriate in female patients with a 3' APC mutation and attenuated polyposis.
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Anand KP, Sinha A, Kashyap AS, Anand A. Medical philately (medical theme on stamps). Camillo Golgi and Ramon y Cajal who peeped into the mysterious world of nervous system. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2010; 58:200. [PMID: 20848825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Johnson S, Hunt C, Woolnough H, Crawshaw M, Kilkenny C, Gould D, England A, Sinha A. Abstract No. 271: Assessing performance on a virtual reality simulated liver biopsy procedure: Validating Imagine-S. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2009.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Shahzad K, He J, Aziz Q, Cadeiras M, Latif F, Sinha A, Auerbach S, Mital S, Restaino S, Marboe C. 271: QTc-Interval and Molecular Gene Expression Profiling Test Score in Cardiac Allograft Dysfunction after Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.11.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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235
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Sinha A, Smith D, Langtry JAA. Treatment of benign digit tip tumours by surgical excision and secondary intention healing with scar quality assessment by epidermal ridge patterns. Br J Dermatol 2010; 162:452-4. [PMID: 19886880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ramakrishna H, Fassl J, Sinha A, Patel P, Riha H, Andritsos M, Chung I, Augoustides JG. The Year in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia: Selected Highlights From 2009. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010; 24:7-17. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2009.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sinha A, Mamode N. Laparoscopic management of chylous ascites following laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. BMJ Case Rep 2010; 2010:bcr0820092141. [PMID: 22242080 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.08.2009.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is an established operation for organ procurement in living donor transplantation. Living donor renal transplantation is being performed more frequently and is associated with better graft function and survival. The minimal access approach for organ procurement from healthy individuals ensures early convalescence and improved patient participation. Here we describe a rare complication of LDN. Postoperative chylous ascites frequently occurs secondary to aortic surgery. Though previously described after LDN, its treatment remains contentious. Conventional strategies have adopted an expectant approach with medical management. These include parenteral feeding, bowel rest and somatostatin analogue usage. We report laparoscopic suture ligation as the principal management of postoperative chyle leak. We advocate surgical exploration in acute onset, high output chylous ascites. Pre-existing port site incisions were used for undertaking successful laparoscopic repair. This surgical approach enabled faster convalescence and reduced hospital stay-important considerations for our healthy living donor.
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Sinha A, Petkov S, Meldrum D. Unrecognised dural puncture resulting in subdural hygroma and cortical vein thrombosis. Anaesthesia 2010; 65:70-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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239
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Sinha A, Narula R, Narayanan R. Comments on 23-gauge versus 20-gauge system for pars plana vitrectomy. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:1694-5; author reply 1695. [PMID: 19939803 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.160788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sinha A, Meldrum D, Sinha B, Thakor A. Int J Obstet Anesth 2009; 18:422-423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Khanna D, Vengala S, Miller AP, Nanda NC, Lloyd SG, Ahmed S, Sinha A, Mehmood F, Bodiwala K, Upendram S, Gownder M, Dod HS, Nunez A, Pacifico AD, McGiffin DC, Kirklin JK, Misra VK. Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation by Live Three-Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiographic Measurements of Vena Contracta Area. Echocardiography 2009; 21:737-43. [PMID: 15546375 DOI: 10.1111/j.0742-2822.2004.40027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated 44 consecutive patients who underwent standard two-dimensional (2D) and live three-dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), as well as left heart catheterization with left ventriculography. Mitral regurgitant vena contracta area (VCA) was obtained by 3D TTE by systematic and sequential cropping of the acquired 3D TTE data set. Assessment of mitral regurgitation (MR) by ventriculography was compared to measurements of VCA by 3D TTE and to 2D TTE measurements of MR jet area to left atrial area (RJA/LAA), RJA alone, vena contracta width (VCW), and calculated VCA. VCA from 3D TTE closely correlated with angiographic grading (rs=0.88) with very little overlap. VCA of <0.2 cm2 correlated with mild MR, 0.2-0.4 cm2 with moderate MR, and >0.4 cm2 with severe MR by angiography. Ventriculographic grading also correlated well with 2D TTE measurements of RJA/LAA (rs=0.79) and RJA alone (rs=0.76) but with more overlap. Assessment of VCW and calculated VCA by 2D TTE agreed least with ventriculography (rs=0.51 and rs=0.55, respectively). Live 3D TTE color Doppler measurements of VCA can be used for quantitative assessment of MR and is comparable to assessment by ventriculography.
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Vengala S, Nanda NC, Mehmood F, Dod HS, Khanna D, Sinha A, McGiffin DC. Live Three-Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiographic Delineation of Ventricular Septal Rupture Following Myocardial Infarction. Echocardiography 2009; 21:745-7. [PMID: 15546376 DOI: 10.1111/j.0742-2822.2004.04063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an elderly patient with ventricular septal rupture following myocardial infarction in whom live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography allowed comprehensive noninvasive assessment of the location, shape, and size of the septal defect, which could be clearly visualized en face from both left and right ventricular aspects.
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Sinha A, Nanda NC, Misra V, Khanna D, Dod HS, Vengala S, Mehmood F, Singh V. Live Three-Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiographic Assessment of Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Foramen Ovale. Echocardiography 2009; 21:749-53. [PMID: 15546377 DOI: 10.1111/j.0742-2822.2004.04037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the usefulness of live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in the accurate assessment of the morphology and efficacy of Amplatzer transcatheter devices used for closure of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale.
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Sinha A, Nanda NC, Panwar RB, Kasliwal RR, Chauhan N, Beniwal S, Panwar SR, Khanna D, Bodiwala K, Mehmood F, Upendram S, Vengala S. Live Three-Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Hydatid Cyst. Echocardiography 2009; 21:699-705. [PMID: 15546370 DOI: 10.1111/j.0742-2822.2004.04005.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an adult patient in whom live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) complemented two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DTTE) in making a definitive diagnosis of a hydatid cyst located in the left ventricular cavity. The parent hydatid cyst, as well as the daughter cysts, contained within it could be delineated by both 2DTTE and live 3DTTE. However, the tertiary or granddaughter cysts originating from the daughter cysts as well as great-granddaughter cysts budding from tertiary cysts could be visualized only when the live 3DTTE data sets were cropped and sectioned sequentially using multiple cutting planes. In addition, apparent intrinsic mobility of some of the tertiary cysts implying viability was detected only by 3DTTE.
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Mehmood F, Vengala S, Nanda NC, Dod HS, Sinha A, Miller AP, Khanna D, Misra VK, Lloyd SG, Upendram S, Bodiwala K, McMahon WS, Kasliwal RR, Chouhan N, Govinder M, Pacifico AD, Kirklin JK, McGiffin DC. Usefulness of Live Three-Dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiography in the Characterization of Atrial Septal Defects in Adults. Echocardiography 2009; 21:707-13. [PMID: 15546371 DOI: 10.1111/j.0742-2822.2004.40017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report we present 12 adult patients in whom surgical or percutaneous intervention was considered for repair of atrial septal defect (ASD). Location, size, and surrounding atrial anatomy of the ASD were assessed prior to intervention in all patients with standard and live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D TTE). In the four patients in whom intraoperative three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic reconstruction (3D TEE) was done, 3D TTE measurements of maximum dimension, maximum circumference, and maximum area of ASD agreed well with 3D TEE. In the seven patients who underwent transcatheter closure device insertion, live 3D TTE measurements of maximum dimension, maximum circumference, and maximum area of ASD agreed well with the sizing balloon. Additionally, since the sizing balloon measures a stretched diameter and area, a live 3D TTE stretched ASD diameter and area (derived from the actual live 3D TTE maximum circumference) were calculated and demonstrated improved agreement with the sizing balloon measurements. In all patients, > or =5 mm of atrial tissue was visualized surrounding the ASD. Further, with the addition of contrast enhancement, characterization of a small patent foramen ovale (<5 mm) was possible in one patient. Live 3D TTE accurately defined ASD location, size, and surrounding atrial anatomy in all patients studied by us. ASD characterization by live 3D TTE agreed well with 3D TEE and sizing balloon measurements.
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Sinha A, Jayashree M, Singhi S. Aerosolized L-epinephrine vs budesonide for post extubation stridor: a randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatr 2009; 47:317-22. [PMID: 19736368 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-010-0060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of aerosolized L-epinephrine vs budesonide in the treatment of post-extubation stridor. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary teaching and referral hospital. SUBJECTS Sixty two patients with a stridor score ?4 following extubation. INTERVENTION Patients were randomized to receive either aerosolized L-epinephrine (n=32) or budesonide (n =30). Respiratory rate, heart rate, stridor score, blood pressure and oxygen saturation were recorded from 0 min to 24 hours. OUTCOME MEASURES Stridor score remaining at >4, need for renebulization and reintubation between 20 min to 24 hours were primary outcome measures. Tachycardia (HR > normal for age), hypertension (BP >95th centile for age) and hypoxia (SpO2 < 92% for 5 min) were secondary outcome measures. RESULTS Both drugs showed a significant and comparable decline in the median (95% CI) stridor scores from baseline to 60 min [4 (4.10-4.50) to 2.00 (1.46-2.67) for budesonide vs 4 (4.12-5.00) to 2.00 (1.31 -2.75) for epinephrine]. At 2 hours, the stridor scores were significantly lower in the epinephrine as compared to budesonide group [0.00 (0.69-1.81) vs 3.00(1.75-3.32); P =0.02)]. However, the proportion of patients with stridor score >4 at any time between 20 min to 24 hrs (53.3% vs 53.1%; P=0.99), need for renebulization (40% vs 43.8%; P=0.76) and reintubation (20% vs 25%, P=0.638), and adverse effects were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Both aerosolized L-epinephrine and budesonide were equally effective in their initial therapeutic response in post-extubation stridor. However, epinephrine showed a more sustained effect.
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Heazell AEP, Sinha A, Bhatti NR. A case of gestational diabetes arising following treatment with glucocorticosteroids for pemphigoid gestationis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009; 18:353-5. [PMID: 16390798 DOI: 10.1080/14767050500275705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A case of pemphigoid gestationis, a rare autoimmune disease unique to pregnancy, is described. To control the skin lesions systemic corticosteroids were required. The patient developed gestational diabetes mellitus. The pregnancy continued to 37 weeks and a live male infant was delivered. There was no evidence of macroscopic changes in the placenta. The skin lesions resolved in the postpartum period.
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Makharia GK, Seith A, Sharma SK, Sinha A, Goswami P, Aggarwal A, Puri K, Sreenivas V. Structural and functional abnormalities in lungs in patients with achalasia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009; 21:603-8, e20. [PMID: 19222759 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dilatation and oesophageal body aperistalsis in achalasia can lead to stasis which in turn can induce repeated microaspiration. It is therefore conceivable that patients with achalasia may also have abnormalities in lungs secondary to repeated episodes of microaspiration. There is a lack of systematic study on involvement of lungs in patients with achalasia. Thirty patients with achalasia underwent pulmonary function tests (spirometry, and carbon mono-oxide diffusion capacity) and high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) of the chest. The mean age of patients and mean duration of disease were 33.5 +/- 10.9 years and 28.1 +/- 27.3 months respectively. Regurgitation was present in 22 (73.3%) of them. Respiratory symptoms in them were dry cough in 17 (56.6%), and chest pain in 18 (60%). The oesophagus was dilated in 26 (86.6%) and 13 (43.3%) had residue in oesophagus. Sixteen (53.3%) patients had either anatomical changes as seen on HRCT or functional changes as observed on pulmonary function tests. Of those with functional abnormalities, five (16.6%) and one (3.3%) had restrictive and obstructive airways disease respectively. While evidence of tracheo-bronchial compression by dilated oesophagus was present in eight (26.6%), 10 (33.3%) patients had parenchymal lung disease [nodular opacities in five (16.6%), ground glass appearance six (20%), patchy pulmonary fibrosis five (16.6%), air trapping two (6.6%), consolidation and bronchiectasis one (3.3%) each]. There was a significant association between presence of regurgitation and dilatation of oesophagus (P = 0.032). More than half (53.3%) of patients with achalasia have structural and/or functional abnormalities in lungs.
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Pramanick AK, Sinha A, Sastry GVS, Ghosh RN. Near-grain-boundary characterization by atomic force microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2009; 109:741-7. [PMID: 19303710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of near-grain boundary is carried out by atomic force microscopy (AFM). It has been observed to be the most suitable technique owing to its capability to investigate the surface at high resolution. Commercial purity-grade nickel processed under different conditions, viz., (i) cold-rolled and annealed and (ii) thermally etched condition without cold rolling, is considered in the present study. AFM crystallographic data match well with the standard data. Hence, it establishes two grain-boundary relations viz., plane matching and coincidence site lattice (CSL Sigma=9) relation for the two different sample conditions.
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